Academic literature on the topic 'Labor heat stress'
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Journal articles on the topic "Labor heat stress"
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Ioannou, Leonidas G., Konstantinos Mantzios, Lydia Tsoutsoubi, Eleni Nintou, Maria Vliora, Paraskevi Gkiata, Constantinos N. Dallas, et al. "Occupational Heat Stress: Multi-Country Observations and Interventions." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 12 (June 10, 2021): 6303. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18126303.
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Background: Occupational heat exposure can provoke health problems that increase the risk of certain diseases and affect workers’ ability to maintain healthy and productive lives. This study investigates the effects of occupational heat stress on workers’ physiological strain and labor productivity, as well as examining multiple interventions to mitigate the problem. Methods: We monitored 518 full work-shifts obtained from 238 experienced and acclimatized individuals who work in key industrial sectors located in Cyprus, Greece, Qatar, and Spain. Continuous core body temperature, mean skin temperature, heart rate, and labor productivity were collected from the beginning to the end of all work-shifts. Results: In workplaces where self-pacing is not feasible or very limited, we found that occupational heat stress is associated with the heat strain experienced by workers. Strategies focusing on hydration, work-rest cycles, and ventilated clothing were able to mitigate the physiological heat strain experienced by workers. Increasing mechanization enhanced labor productivity without increasing workers’ physiological strain. Conclusions: Empowering laborers to self-pace is the basis of heat mitigation, while tailored strategies focusing on hydration, work-rest cycles, ventilated garments, and mechanization can further reduce the physiological heat strain experienced by workers under certain conditions.
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Liu, Xingcai. "Reductions in Labor Capacity from Intensified Heat Stress in China under Future Climate Change." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 4 (February 17, 2020): 1278. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17041278.
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Heat stress would be intensified under global warming and become a key issue of occupational health for labor force working outdoors. The changes in labor force would affect regional socioeconomic development. So far, changes in labor force due to heat stress are not well documented in China. In this study, heat stress based on wet-bulb globe temperature (WBGT), which combines the thermal effects on the human body of both temperature and humidity, is projected for the near future (2021–2050) and the end of the century (2071–2099). Changes in labor capacity are then estimated for heavy and light work based on the relationships between labor capacity and the WBGT. Low and high emission scenarios, namely Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) 2.6 and RCP8.5, are considered for the future projections in the hottest two months (July and August) in China. Results suggest that the WBGT would increase by more than 3–5 °C by the end of the century. The labor capacity would decrease by more than 40% for both heavy and light work in considerable areas such as South and East China, where there is a large population and developed economy. This indicates that labor force would reduce significantly due to intensified heat stress. This study calls for special attention to the impact of heat stress on occupational health and the labor force in China in the future.
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Lee, Shih-Yu, Shih-Chun Candice Lung, Ping-Gin Chiu, Wen-Cheng Wang, I.-Chun Tsai, and Thung-Hong Lin. "Northern Hemisphere Urban Heat Stress and Associated Labor Hour Hazard from ERA5 Reanalysis." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 13 (July 3, 2022): 8163. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19138163.
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Increasing surface air temperature is a fundamental characteristic of a warming world. Rising temperatures have potential impacts on human health through heat stress. One heat stress metric is the wet-bulb globe temperature, which takes into consideration the effects of radiation, humidity, and wind speed. It also has broad health and environmental implications. This study presents wet-bulb globe temperatures calculated from the fifth-generation European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts atmospheric reanalysis and combines it with health guidelines to assess heat stress variability and the potential for reduction in labor hours over the past decade on both the continental and urban scale. Compared to 2010–2014, there was a general increase in heat stress during the period from 2015 to 2019 throughout the northern hemisphere, with the largest warming found in tropical regions, especially in the northern part of the Indian Peninsula. On the urban scale, our results suggest that heat stress might have led to a reduction in labor hours by up to ~20% in some Asian cities subject to work–rest regulations. Extremes in heat stress can be explained by changes in radiation and circulation. The resultant threat is highest in developing countries in tropical areas where workers often have limited legal protection and healthcare. The effect of heat stress exposure is therefore a collective challenge with environmental, economic, and social implications.
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Matsumoto, Ken’ichi, Kaoru Tachiiri, and Xuaming Su. "Heat stress, labor productivity, and economic impacts: analysis of climate change impacts using two-way coupled modeling." Environmental Research Communications 3, no. 12 (December 1, 2021): 125001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2515-7620/ac3e14.
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Abstract Climate change affects various fundamental human activities, and understanding the consequences of its impacts is essential. Among them, heat stress considerably affects economic conditions. Furthermore, when analyzing the socioeconomic impacts of climate change, both socioeconomic and climate systems must be considered simultaneously, though such studies are scarce. This study aimed to evaluate the socioeconomic impacts of changes in labor productivity due to heat stress (measured by wet bulb globe temperature) under various climate change scenarios through a new modeling framework that coupled a computable general equilibrium model and an Earth system model of intermediate complexity to realize the interactions between the two systems through the relationship between heat stress and labor productivity. Results indicated that labor productivity declined as climate change progressed (particularly in hot and humid regions), driving a gradual decline in total global gross domestic product (GDP). Although regional GDP largely decreased where labor productivity considerably declined, it slightly increased in some areas because of a comparative advantage brought about by the difference in the impact on labor productivity by region. Consequently, carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and concentrations and the resulting temperature were slightly reduced when examining the impact of climate change on labor productivity. These tendencies were similar in both business-as-usual and climate change mitigation scenarios, but the overall impacts were smaller under the latter. There was a limited impact on CO2 emissions, CO2 concentrations, and temperature via integrated socioeconomic and climate systems. However, this study focused on only a single channel of the various interactions between the two systems. For a more complete evaluation of the impacts of climate change, further development of the integrated model is required.
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S, Sangeetha, and Usha S. "Impact of Climate Change on the Labor Market." ECS Transactions 107, no. 1 (April 24, 2022): 11287–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/10701.11287ecst.
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Greenhouse gases have far-ranging environmental and health effects. They cause climate change by trapping heat and they also contribute to respiratory disease from smog and air pollution. Extreme weather, food supply disruptions, and increased wildfires are other effects of climate change caused by greenhouse gases. In turn, climate change has increased the risk to workers’ health and safety. Workers, especially those who work outdoors or in hot indoor environments, are also at increased risk of heat stress and other heat-related disorders, besides occupational injuries and reduced productivity at work. This article aims at contributing to this discussion by means of qualitative analysis and find out how climate change affects the labor market and its various implications on the workforce.
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Fajrianti, Gita, Zahroh Shaluhiyah, and Daru Lestantyo. "Pengendalian Heat Stress Pada Tenaga Kerja di Bagian Furnace PT. X Pangkalpinang Bangka Belitung." Jurnal Promosi Kesehatan Indonesia 12, no. 2 (August 16, 2017): 150. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/jpki.12.2.150-162.
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ABSTRAKTempat kerja yang nyaman merupakan salah satu faktor penunjang gairah kerja. Lingkungan kerja yang panas dan lembab akan menurunkan produktivitas kerja, juga akan membawa dampak negatif terhadap kesehatan dan keselamatan kerja. Suhu panas terutama berakibat menurunkan prestasi kerja berfikir. Penurunan kemampuan berfikir terjadi sesudah suhu udara melampaui suhu 32⁰C. Suhu dilingkungan area furnace sebesar 34,9⁰C, melebihi NAB yang distandarkan sebesar 30,5⁰C. Tujuan dari penelitiaan ini adalah untuk menganalisis pengendalian heat stress pada tenaga kerja dibagian furnace PT.X Pangkalpinang Kepulauan Bangka Belitung. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan wawancara mendalam pada 8 informan utama, 5 orang tenaga kerja dibagian produksi dan 3 orang dari manajemen. Analisa data menggunakan metode content analysis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa semua informan mengungkapkan suhu dilingkungan kerja area tanur panas sesuai dengan hasil pengukuran suhu dilapangan sebesar 34,9⁰C melebihi ambang batas yang distandarkan, pengendalian heat stress dengan training (pendidikan atau latihan tentang pengendalian heat stress dan mengendalikan resiko tekanan panas) belum rutin dilaksanakan, pengendalian dengan penggantian cairan sudah disediakan oleh perusahaan tetapi aturan dan pola konsumsi belum dilaksanakan, pengendalian dengan aklimatisasi belum dilaksanakan diperusahaan.Kata Kunci: heat stress, pengendalian, pekerja Control of Heat Stress on Labor at Part Furnace PT. X Pangkalpinang Bangka Belitung. Comfortable workplace is one of the factors supporting morale. The work environment is hot and humid will reduce labor productivity, it will also have negative impacts on health and safety. Warmer temperatures result in lower performance primarily thinking. Decreased ability to think happened after the temperature has exceeded 32⁰ C. The temperature within the furnace area of 34.9⁰ C, which exceeds the standardized NAV of 30.5⁰ C. The purpose of this is to research analyze control of heat stress on the workforce section furnace PT.X Pangkalpinang Bangka Belitung. This study used a qualitative approach with in-depth interviews on 8 key informants, 5 labor section of the production and management 3. Analysis of the data using content analysis. The results showed that all informants reveal the temperature within the furnace hot work area in accordance with the results of temperature measurements in the field at 34.9⁰ C exceeds the threshold standardized, control heat stress with training (education or training on heat stress control and controlling the risk of heat stress) is not routinely executed, control with fluid replacement has been provided by the company but the rules and patterns of consumption have not been implemented, control with acclimatization yet implemented in the company . Keywords: heat stress, control, worker
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Kuhla, Kilian, Sven Norman Willner, Christian Otto, Leonie Wenz, and Anders Levermann. "Future heat stress to reduce people’s purchasing power." PLOS ONE 16, no. 6 (June 10, 2021): e0251210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0251210.
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With increasing carbon emissions rising temperatures are likely to impact our economies and societies profoundly. In particular, it has been shown that heat stress can strongly reduce labor productivity. The resulting economic perturbations can propagate along the global supply network. Here we show, using numerical simulations, that output losses due to heat stress alone are expected to increase by about 24% within the next 20 years, if no additional adaptation measures are taken. The subsequent market response with rising prices and supply shortages strongly reduces the consumers’ purchasing power in almost all countries including the US and Europe with particularly strong effects in India, Brazil, and Indonesia. As a consequence, the producing sectors in many regions temporarily benefit from higher selling prices while decreasing their production in quantity, whereas other countries suffer losses within their entire national economy. Our results stress that, even though climate shocks may stimulate economic activity in some regions and some sectors, their unpredictability exerts increasing pressure on people’s livelihood.
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Lee, Seung-Wook, Kyoungmi Lee, and Byunghwan Lim. "Effects of climate change-related heat stress on labor productivity in South Korea." International Journal of Biometeorology 62, no. 12 (September 22, 2018): 2119–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00484-018-1611-6.
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Vongchanh, Kinnaleth, and Sarin Chan. "PRELIMINARY STUDY ON INVESTIGATION OF THE HEAT STRESS AFFECTING THE LABOR PRODUCTIVITY, A CASE STUDY: GARMENT FACTORY IN PHNOM PENH." ASEAN Engineering Journal 12, no. 3 (August 31, 2022): 103–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.11113/aej.v12.17821.
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This paper aims to investigate low labor productivity affected by heat stress; focusing on various parameters including outdoor and indoor temperatures and humidity, indoor air quality, and the outfit used. Survey of 130 questionnaires together with measurements of indoor and outdoor air temperatures and humidity were carried out in a garment factory in Phnom Penh, Cambodia during May 2019, which is one of the hottest months of the year. The indoor wet bulb globe temperature, WBGTid, with the evaporative cooling system in operation was ranging from 26 to 34oC; while the outdoor air dry-bulb temperature was around 25 to 41oC. The survey results show that the participants experienced all types of heat-stress symptoms, including heavy sweating, muscle cramps, tiredness/weakness, dizziness, headache, nausea or vomiting, and fainting. Even though the majority of respondents found the workplace temperature comfortable and around 65% could manage bad feelings due to heat stress, about 80% of respondents reported feeling hot and uncomfortable at working place within the period of 1 to 3 months in a year. During the hot months, some 39.6% had feeling thirsty, more than 22% felt exhaustion and had excessive sweating; and around 9% want to move and stay in a comfortable place. To cope with the heat stress, workers mostly drink water, but some also need to move away for a while or remove extra layer of outfit. Finally, noticeable number of workers, 41.3% and 33.7%, respectively, acknowledged heat stress negatively impact their productivity and cause irritation in working together.
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Hepler, Chelsea, Caroline E. Foy, Mark R. Higgins, and Benjamin J. Renquist. "The hypophagic response to heat stress is not mediated by GPR109A or peripheral β-OH butyrate." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 310, no. 10 (May 15, 2016): R992—R998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.00513.2015.
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Rising temperatures resulting from climate change will increase the incidence of heat stress, negatively impacting the labor force and food animal production. Heat stress elevates circulating β-OH butyrate, which induces vasodilation through GPR109a. Interestingly, both heat stress and intraperitoneal β-OH butyrate administration induce hypophagia. Thus, we aimed to investigate the role of β-OH butyrate in heat stress hypophagia in mice. We found that niacin, a β-OH butyrate mimetic that cannot be oxidized to generate ATP, also reduces food intake. Interestingly, the depression in food intake as a result of 8-h intraperitoneal niacin or 48-h heat exposure did not result from changes in hypothalamic expression of orexigenic or anorexigenic signals (AgRP, NPY, or POMC). Genetically eliminating GPR109a expression did not prevent the hypophagic response to heat exposure, intraperitoneal β-OH butyrate (5.7 mmol/kg), or niacin (0.8 mmol/kg). Hepatic vagotomy eliminated the hypophagic response to β-OH butyrate and niacin but did not affect the hypophagic response to heat exposure. We subsequently hypothesized that the hypophagic response to heat stress may depend on direct effects of β-OH butyrate at the central nervous system: β-OH butyrate induced hormonal changes (hyperinsulinemia, hypercorticosteronemia, and hyperleptinemia), or gene expression changes. To test these possibilities, we blocked expression of hepatic hydroxyl methyl glutaryl CoA synthase II (HMGCS2) to prevent hepatic β-OH butyrate synthesis. Mice that lack HMGCS2 maintain a hypophagic response to heat stress. Herein, we establish that the hypophagia of heat stress is independent of GPR109a, the hepatic vagus afferent nerve, and hepatic ketone body synthesis.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Labor heat stress"
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Bordier, Célia. "Le stress chez l’abeille domestique (Apis mellifera) : analyse des modifications physiologiques et comportementales." Thesis, Avignon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AVIG0687/document.
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L’abeille domestique (Apismellifera) a un rôle majeur dans les écosystèmes naturels et agronomiques mais est exposée à un nombre croissant de pressions environnementales (nouveaux parasites, xénobiotiques, variations climatiques et malnutrition). Dans ce contexte, la compréhension des phénomènes impliqués dans les réponses au stress ainsi que leurs coûts associés devient cruciale pour mieux appréhender l’impact de ces pressions sur les abeilles. L’émergence d’un stress perturbe généralement l’homéostasie de l’organisme qui doit mettre en place une cascade d’adaptations physiologiques et comportementales pour le surmonter. Cependant, du fait de son mode de vie social, il est raisonnable de penser que les réponses vont se faire dans l’intérêt du groupe et non plus seulement dans l’intérêt de l’individu. Afin de caractériser les réponses au stress et de déterminer leur spécificité en fonction de la nature du stimulus (xénobiotiques, immunitaire, thermique, social), j’ai adopté une approche multidisciplinaire en ciblant l’identification des modifications i) physiologiques associées à la division du travail, ii) du métabolisme énergétique, et iii) comportementales. J’ai démontré quequelque soit leur rôle social (nourrice, gardienne, butineuse), les abeilles répondent de la même manière à un stress donné, si celui-ci est écologiquement pertinent (hyperthermie et stress immunitaire mais pas xénobiotique). Une tendance à la diminution des ressources énergétiques a également été observée suite à un stress suggérant une modification des performances comportementales. Afin de vérifier cela, je me suis concentrée sur l’activité de butinage; le vol chez les insectes étant un des processus physiologiques les plus coûteux du règne animal. Une altération des performances de butinage a été mise en évidence chez les abeilles soumises à un stress immunitaire avec une réorientation des préférences de butinage au dépens du pollen, plus coûteux àc ollecter et moins riche en ressource énergétique que le nectar ; ceci probablement pour pallier au coût énergétique du stress. En revanche, en réponse àune hyperthermie, une augmentation de l’activité de butinage a été observée mais sans engendrer un coût supplémentaire au niveau des ressources collectées.Ces résultats sont discutés à la lumière du coût énergétique du stress et des conséquences potentielles sur les performances des abeilles, qui infine pourrait perturber l’homéostasie énergétique de la colonieHoneybees (Apis mellifera), which play an important role in natural and agronomic ecosystems, are exposed to a growing number of environmental pressures(new parasites, pesticides, climatechangeand poor nutrition). In this context, deciphering the mechanisms underlying stress responses and their costs becomes crucial to better understand theim pact of these pressures. Stress usually represents a challenge to the homeostasis of a norganism. In response, a cascade of physiological and behavioural adaptations enables the organism to cope with the stress. However, dueto their sociallife style, we could suggest that stress response in honeybees will occurin the interest of the colony and not only in the interest of the individual. To characterise the stress response and determine its specificity according to the stimulus (xenobiotic, immune, thermal, social), I developed a multidisciplinary approach to identify changes in i) task-related physiology, ii) energetic metabolism, and iii) behaviour. I demonstrated that, regardless of their social function (nurse, guard, forager), bees respond in the sameway to a given stress, if itis ecologically-relevant (heat and immune stress but not pesticides). Atendencytoward decreas ingenergetic resources was also observed following stress exposure, which suggests changes in behavioural performance.In order to test this hypothesis, I analysed changes in foraging activity in response to stress, as insect flight is one of the most costly physiological processes in the animal kingdom. I found that for aging performances were affected by animmune stress : bees changed their foraging preferences at the expense of pollen, probably to reduce the stress energetic cost, given that pollen is more costly to collect and provides alower energetic return than nectar. In contrast, in response to heat stress, an increase in colony for aging activity was observed, without an additional cost on resource collection. These results are discussed in the light of stress energetic cost and its potential consequences onhoneybee performances, which could disrupt the colony’s energetic homeostasis
Books on the topic "Labor heat stress"
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Bowen, Raven. Work, Money and Duality. Policy Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781447358800.001.0001.
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This book provides readers a rare opportunity to hear from some of the most hidden off-street sex workers in the population, those living dual lives, trading sex alongside ‘square’ mainstream employment. Stereotypes about who trades sex, of ‘exiting’ and transitioning to and from sex work as being chaotic, as well as simplistic, binary framings of sex work as something one is either in or out of, trapped or survived, are challenged by these sex workers whose practices uncover a fluid Continuum of Sex Industry Work and Square Work (SIWSQ) Involvement. Sex workers (Contributors) share lived experiences of combating labour precarity and insecure work, concerns about Brexit, and the UK Whorearchy that stratifies the sex industry and influences pricing and value, along with the stress of keeping secrets while living under the constant threat of being outed. Contributors engage in skilful stigma-avoidance, selective disclosure, on-and offline audience/information segregation, and manage people and devices to conceal stigmatised work in the digital age. The phenomenon of duality is thoroughly examined and in doing so we learn about the impacts of constructing a precarious labour markets while legislating poverty, and the lies we propagate about who trades sex and how we treat them. Ultimately, those living dual lives do so in response to economic conditions that we co-create. Our focus must be on reshaping the structures, systems and social forms that circumscribe our social realities and not in the vilification of these innovators.
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Workplace health and safety sourcebook: Basic consumer health information about workplace health and safety, including the effect of workplace hazards on the lungs, skin, heart, ears, eyes, brain, reproductive organs, musculoskeletal system, and other organs and body parts : along with information about occupational cancer, personal protective equipment, toxic and hazardous chemicals, child labor, stress, and workplace violence. Detroit, MI: Omnigraphics, 2000.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Labor heat stress"
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Abioja, M. O., and J. A. Abiona. "Impacts of Climate Change to Poultry Production in Africa: Adaptation Options for Broiler Chickens." In African Handbook of Climate Change Adaptation, 275–96. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45106-6_111.
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AbstractGlobal climate change poses a great threat to poultry production. Greenhouse gases (GHGs) are released through both natural and anthropogenic sources into the atmosphere. Though poultry production contributes little to the release of GHGs, the subsector has been shown to be greatly affected by climate change and global warming. Poultry production as a major subsector of agriculture has provided the teeming population with a supply of needed animal protein in terms of meat and egg production all over the world. It is yet a major global employer of labor. Though it occupies a vantage position in meeting human needs, it is being threatened by climate change, especially in Africa where necessary structure to tackle the menace is nonexistent. Broiler chickens that are reared mainly for chicken meat cannot tolerate the high ambient temperature that prevails mostly in the tropical environment. Chickens are homeotherms that homeostatically regulate core body temperature within a narrow range. Elevated ambient temperature above thermal comfort zone, such as envisaged in climate change scenarios, will trigger series of neuroendocrine modulations that are detrimental to the welfare and productivity in broiler chickens. Such birds are said to be undergoing heat stress (HS). Negative effects of HS include reduced feed consumption, growth rate, feed digestion and efficiency, immunity, welfare, and survivability. Various adaptive measures that could be harnessed by broiler farmers, ranging from housing, feeding, watering, stocking, breeding for thermo-tolerant strains, thermal conditioning, use of phytochemicals, and much more, are reviewed upon in this chapter.
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Bauder, Harald. "Introduction." In Labor Movement. Oxford University Press, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195180879.003.0005.
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Imagine, if you will, that, on the same day, all migrants and immigrants decide to return to their countries of origin. The Filipina nanny would pack her bags and leave the family in Singapore whose children she has been raising. The suburban couple in San Diego would be without their Mexican gardener who worked for less than five dollars an hour. Italian farmers would find the fruit rotting on their trees because their cheap migrant workers left the orchard. New York’s manufacturing sector would collapse because a large portion of the workforce is absent. Worse, Wall Street would be closed because cleaners, security guards, office staff, and taxi drivers are unavailable. Many sectors of the economy in industrialized countries would come to an immediate standstill. The rest of the economy would follow within days, if not hours. Although not your typical doomsday scenario, this hypothetical example illustrates that our economy depends on the labor of often “invisible” international migrants. Labor Movement pursues the idea that the international movement of people lies at the heart of regulating today’s economies, or more precisely, labor markets. “If you build it, they will come,” the saying goes. Industrialized countries have built powerful economies that depend on a disciplined labor force. They have become a magnet for international migrants willing to satisfy this demand for labor. However, the stream of migration to the industrialized world is relatively unaffected by cyclical fluctuations in national labor markets. In the United States, for example, immigration streams steadily persist, independent of the condition of the economy and whether labor is in general demand or not (Camarota 2003). Despite increasing evidence of the autonomy of immigration flows relative to market conditions, the view that economic processes produce international migration continues to dominate public and academic debate. Critics, however, have questioned whether migration is indeed as market-driven as the dominating narrative suggests. Michael Piore (1979: 8), for example, states, “Income is not the critical analytical variable” in explaining international migration patterns. A less common view turns the conventional relationship between economic processes and migration on its head.
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"Women, Work, and Mortality: An Analysis of Female Labor Participation." In Women, Stress, and Heart Disease, 85–98. Psychology Press, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781410604538-12.
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"Trends in Women’s Psychosocial Work Environment and Health, and Structural Changes on the Labor Market." In Women, Stress, and Heart Disease, 69–84. Psychology Press, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781410604538-11.
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Estrada, Emir. "Street Violence." In Kids at Work, 116–28. NYU Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.18574/nyu/9781479811519.003.0007.
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Chapter 6 turns a familiar story of gendered labor on its head. The chapter adds greater complexity to our notions of male-centered spaces. In this context, women challenge gendered expectations and find the street to be a space of empowerment. The freedom of male privilege leaves men/boys more vulnerable to street violence while vending on the streets of Los Angeles. The presence of women of all ages serves to protect men from violence from other men. As a consequence, families develop gendered strategies to protect sons, which differ from the strategies to protect daughters. The findings challenge the belief that the street is more dangerous for females and more appropriate for males.
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Rose, Sarah F. "Saving the Human Wreckage Cast on the Industrial Scrap Heap." In No Right to Be Idle. University of North Carolina Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5149/northcarolina/9781469624891.003.0007.
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As workers with a wide array of both acquired and congenital disabilities lost access to the paid labor market, legislators and reformers began to search for a way to return people with disabilities to productivity and self-support. Influenced by the Protestant work ethic and the long-standing association of dependency with poor citizenship, rehabilitators tended to focus more on restoring their clients’ putatively damaged morality than on determining how to integrate disabled people into the wage labor market. Nevertheless, vocational rehabilitation programs did offer some disabled people and their families modest incomes during times of considerable stress. Chapter 6 traces the emergence of Goodwill Industries and the ways in which its sheltered workshops replicated mainstream employers’ use of piecework and concerns with efficiency—dynamics that led managers to exclude many disabled workers as too inefficient. Due to the complexity of disability and the ways that it intersected with age, gender, and family status, few clients moved into the outside labor force.
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Rhoades, Courtney, and Kristen Vanderhoef. "Intrapartum Monitoring and Fetal Assessment." In Obstetric Anesthesia Practice, 107–17. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190099824.003.0008.
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This chapter provides an overview of standard fetal monitoring during labor and delivery, how to choose between and interpret current monitoring modalities, and proper resuscitative measures to initiate for a fetus demonstrating compromise. This chapter starts with current fetal monitoring techniques, including the associated strengths, weaknesses, and risks, then goes through interpretation of fetal heart rate strips, and discusses appropriate resuscitative measures. From there, specific medications and common fetal effects are explored from start of labor through delivery. Medications for treatment of preeclampsia, induction of labor, and pain relief during labor are discussed.
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Mayhew, Henry. "Street-sellers of Fruit and Vegetables." In London Labour and the London Poor. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/owc/9780199697571.003.0005.
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Of Covent Garden Market On a Saturday—the coster’s business day—it is computed that as many as 2,000 donkey-barrows, and upwards of 3,000 women with shallows and head-baskets visit this market during the forenoon. About six o’clock in the morning is the best time for viewing...
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Krochmal, Max. "Prologue." In Blue Texas. University of North Carolina Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.5149/northcarolina/9781469626758.003.0001.
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On August 28, 1963, while much of America nervously watched the March on Washington, nearly one thousand demonstrators gathered in the all-black neighborhood of East Austin, Texas, to march toward the state capitol in 102-degree heat. Their two-mile route wound its way down crumbling streets, passed run-down houses and segregated schools, and finally crossed over into the white section of town, with its gleaming, pink granite capitol and lily-white Governor’s Mansion. Veteran activists of all colors from across the state flanked several hundred local black teen agers, while groups of white college students and Mexican American activists joined the procession. Picket signs calling for “Freedom Now” competed with a dizzying array of homemade placards. One linked Texas governor John Connally to the infamous segregationist George Wallace of Alabama. Others carried slogans that connected civil rights to labor: “No more 50¢ per hour,” read one, and “Segregation is a new form of slavery.” Still another praised the president while adding some Spanish flair: “Kennedy ...
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Joslin, Katherine. "Inhabiting Reality." In The Oxford Handbook of Jane Addams. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780197544518.013.1.
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Abstract This chapter looks at Jane Addams as a major literary figure at the turn into the twentieth century. She was born into a generation of writers, including Edith Wharton and Theodore Roosevelt, who came of age amid social and literary turmoil at the turn into the twentieth century. In constructing Hull House, Addams brought writers into the fold, including Charlotte Perkins Gilman, Ida Tarbell, and Zona Gale. She encouraged drama at Hull House, talking with William Butler Yeats about the long memory of stories in the lives of ordinary people around her in Chicago. The first writer she visited was Leo Tolstoy, who was caught, as she was, between imaginative prose and social admonition. When Addams put pen to paper, she could not help but tell stories as she rebelled against the disciplinary styles emerging around her in academia. She inhabited reality by giving voice to people from the streets around her and telling stories that the common reader wanted to hear. She wrote ten books, three collaborations, and hundreds of articles and speeches and thousands of letters that are a joy to read. The Papers Project at Hull House, a long labor to preserve her voice for us to read unfiltered, is now being digitized at http://janeaddams.ramapo.edu. We can all come to know Jane Addams as we listen in the twenty-first century to a voice as modern as our own.
Conference papers on the topic "Labor heat stress"
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Wilson, Merrill A., Kurt Recknagle, and Kriston Brooks. "Design and Development of a Low-Cost, High Temperature Silicon Carbide Micro-Channel Recuperator." In ASME Turbo Expo 2005: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2005-69143.
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Typically, ceramic micro-channel devices are used for high temperature heat exchangers, catalytic reactors, electronics cooling, and processing of corrosive streams where the thermomechanical benefits of ceramic materials are desired. These benefits include: high temperature mechanical and corrosion properties and tailorable material properties such as thermal expansion, electrical conductivity and thermal conductivity. In addition, by utilizing Laminated Object Manufacturing (LOM) methods, inexpensive ceramic materials can be layered, featured and laminated in the green state and co-sintered to form monolithic structures amenable to mass production. In cooperation with the DOE and Pacific Northwest National Labs, silicon carbide (SiC) based micro-channel recuperator concepts are being developed and tested. The performance benefits of a high temperature, micro-channel heat exchanger are realized from the improved thermal efficiency of the high temperature cycles and the improved effectiveness of micro-channels for heat transfer. In designing these structures, the heat and mass transfer within the micro-channels are being analyzed with heat transfer models, computational fluid dynamics models and validated with experimental results. As an example, a typical micro-turbine cycle was modified and modeled to incorporate this ceramic recuperator and it was found that the overall thermal efficiency of the micro-turbine could be improved from about 27% to over 40%. Process improvements require technical advantages and cost advantages. These LOM methodologies have been based on well-proven industry standard processes where labor, throughput and capital estimates have been tested. Following these cost models and validation at the prototype scale, cost estimates were obtained. For the micro-turbine example, cost estimates indicate that the high-temperature SiC recuperator would cost about $200 per kWe. The development of these heat exchangers is multi-faceted and this paper focuses on the design optimization of a layered micro-channel heat exchanger, its performance testing, and fabrication development through LOM methodologies.
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Ivanov, Vladimir. "A STUDY OF THE PHYSICAL LOADS OF MIDWIVES IN THEIR WORK PROCESS WITH PATIENTS." In INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC CONGRESS “APPLIED SPORTS SCIENCES”. Scientific Publishing House NSA Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37393/icass2022/57.
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ABSTRACT Midwives belong to one of the largest groups of healthcare professionals working at multiple hospitals in Bulgaria. They are an essential part of the treatment and diagnostic process of recovery and healing among women with gynecological problems, pregnant women, women in and after labor, and newborns (Hadzhideleva, 2014). In their daily work, midwives face various situations requiring quick and precise responses and adequate professional behavior. This suggests the occurrence of numerous psychologically stressful situations as well as physical strain in the process of work. This survey aims to assess the volume of the physical strain of midwives while working with patients by measuring their heart rates, the number of steps, and the distance covered. The study was conducted by applying combined measurements, including indicators such as age, height, weight, heart rate, number of steps, and distance covered within a single workday of 15 midwives from three medical institutions who participated in the survey. In order to increase the precision of data measurements, HUAWEI - Watch Fit, Body Composition Fat Scale 3, and Polar products were used. The data analysis indicates that the average distance covered by a health worker in a single workday is 6.70 km and the maximum heart rate at the end of the workday reaches up to 159 bpm with an average of 106 bpm, which indicates that midwives are subjected to significant workloads that lead to excessive fatigue and stress. According to the European Agency for Safety and Health at Work, stress is the second most significant factor that causes health problems among health workers, and almost one in every four has been affected by this factor (OSHA, 2022) The conclusions that can be drawn are that the specifics of the midwives’ work entail multiple tasks and obligations and high intensity of physical load, which leads to excessive physical and emotional fatigue. In order to keep up the quality of work of health workers, it is necessary to take measures that aim to optimize the work process and improve the working conditions at medical institutions by observing recess times.
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Zurecki, Z., R. Ghosh, T. Mebrahtu, M. J. Thayer, and S. R. Stringer. "Automated Substrate Cooling System for HVOF Coating Operations." In ITSC2008, edited by B. R. Marple, M. M. Hyland, Y. C. Lau, C. J. Li, R. S. Lima, and G. Montavon. Verlag für Schweißen und verwandte Verfahren DVS-Verlag GmbH, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.itsc2008p0206.
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Abstract High production rate and feed powder efficiency are critical in the HVOF hardfacing of aircraft landing gear, turbine, and actuator components traditionally electroplated with carcinogenic hard chromium. Desired improvements are hindered by rapid heat build-up in substrate component and thermal expansion mismatch between the carbide coating and steel, titanium or aluminum substrate. A new, cryogenic nitrogen gas (-195°C) cooling system has been developed which limits the thermal expansion and substrate softening problems, and enables a non-stop, gun-on-target spraying. Fully automated, the operation of the new AP LIN-Cooling System is based on thermal imaging of the entire substrate and multi-zone cooling with novel, cryofluidic nozzles. Thermal logs and images of components processed are saved by the system for quality auditing purposes. This paper presents results of industrial tests of the system during WC-10Co4Cr coating of Boeing 737 landing gear, demonstrating a 50% reduction in spraying time, corresponding reductions in the consumption of powder and HVOF gases, and additional labor savings due to the use of flexible masking, unfeasible with the traditional cooling methods. Analysis of residual stresses, structures and properties of the coating and AISI 4340 steel substrate shows that the cryogenic nitrogen cooling results in high-quality products.