Academic literature on the topic 'Labor camps Victoria History'

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Journal articles on the topic "Labor camps Victoria History"

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Danylchuk, Vitalina, and Roman Mykhalchuk. "LAW REGULATIONS OF THE PENITENTIARY SYSTEM FUNCTIONING IN THE GULAG CORRECTIONAL LABOR CAMPS." Intermarum history policy culture, no. 10 (June 30, 2022): 57–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.35433/history.112030.

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The article attempts to analyze the fundamentals of the functioning of the punishment system in the GULAG correctional labor camps in the 1930-50s, considering them as a tool of totalitarian practices in the USSR. The research reveals that in the 1930-50s, the main places of imprisonment in the USSR were correctional labor camps, which were part of a centralized system – the Chief Administration of the Camps (GULAG) government agency. This system was not only a powerful tool for the execution of punishment and imprisonment, the main task of which was the use of prisoners’ labor to implement economic projects and plans, but also an important element of the functioning of the Soviet totalitarian state. The activities of the GULAG were regulated primarily by departmental documents. A significant number of them regulated the penitentiary system of the USSR. The activities of the GULAG were regulated primarily by departmental documents, including “Regulations on correction and labor camps of the OGPU USSR”, Provisional instructions on the detention of prisoners adopted in 1939 and 1940, Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR “On punishment for Nazi criminals guilty of murder and torture of Soviet civilians and captured Red Army soldiers, for spies and traitors of the Motherland from among Soviet citizens and their accomplices” (1943), “Instruction on the registration and transfer of prisoners sentenced to hard labor” (1943), “Instruction on the regime of detention of prisoners in correction and labor camps and prisons of the USSR Ministry of Internal Affairs” (1947), Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR on amnesty of certain categories of prisoners (1953), Order of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the USSR “On the procedure for detention of convicted persons in forced labor camps” (1954) and others. Thus, for the operation of the penitentiary system in the USSR, a significant number of normative documents were developed; they regulated the penitentiary system and supported the functioning of the totalitarian state.
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Beorn, Waitman Wade. "Slave Labor in Nazi Concentration Camps." Holocaust and Genocide Studies 30, no. 2 (August 2016): 360–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/hgs/dcw030.

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Kamaeva, E. V. "Summer Camps for Schoolchildren in the System for the Prevention of Teenage Neglect and Crime in the 1960s — mid-1970s." Modern History of Russia 12, no. 2 (2022): 437–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/11701/spbu24.2022.211.

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In the 1960s and 1970s there was a significant increase in juvenile delinquency in urban and rural areas. The tightening of measures to combat it did not radically change the situation, and the country’s leadership began to pay great attention to educational work, which was mainly entrusted to the Komsomol. One of the priority directions in the work of the Komsomol in this period was the organization of summer vacations for children. There was a search and testing of new forms of work, which was expressed in the creation of new types of summer camps for schoolchildren. On the basis of a wide range of archival materials, primarily reports from the departments of the school Komsomol, the process of creating camps in the city and the countryside is analyzed, and the problems that the Komsomol committees faced in the process of this work are highlighted. First of all, there is a lack of funding. It is shown that the labor and recreation camps for high school students who were striving to exist on the principles of self-sufficiency, created during this period, began to acquire great popularity. At the same time, labor, military, sports, and tourist camps for adolescents registered in the children’s room of the police began to be created. In this regard, there was a problem with training counselors for such camps. The Moscow city committee of the Komsomol was the first to begin training counselors from among student activists. The analysis of archival materials shows that regarding urban schoolchildren during the study period, various types of camps were created for all age groups. The situation was different in rural areas. For the first time, inter-collective farm camps began to appear in the districts, however, they did not become widespread.
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McCoyer, Michael. "“Rough Mens” in “the Toughest Places I Ever Seen”: The Construction and Ramifications of Black Masculine Identity in the Mississippi Delta's Levee Camps, 1900–1935." International Labor and Working-Class History 69, no. 1 (March 2006): 57–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0147547906000044.

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This article examines the “levee camp” as a social and cultural site for reconstituting rural black workers' masculine identities in the early twentieth-century Mississippi-Arkansas Delta. The construction of the Mississippi River's levees during this period depended heavily on the labor of black mule-drivers drawn from the Delta's cotton plantations. In spite of this dependency, the levee camps' exploitative commissaries and harsh disciplinary violence quashed workers' efforts to reclaim a sense of autonomy that was increasingly denied them on the region's plantations. However, partly in response to the perceived erosion of their authority within the sharecropper family, levee workers successfully used the notorious after-hours culture of the levee camps to construct a hyper-masculine image of themselves as “rough mens” who had been to the levee camps, enjoyed the sexual attention of camp women, and were manly enough to survive the murderous violence of white bosses and other “rough mens” alike. Using a series of 1930s labor investigations as well as early Delta blues hollers and songs about the levee camps, this article shows how black workers' efforts to cultivate this hyper-masculine levee worker image ultimately proved detrimental to their class interests. Levee contractors and foremen welcomed levee camp gambling, prostitution, drinking, and fighting as ways of reducing workers' wages and maintaining labor control in the camps. Ultimately, the levee camps provide a useful example of an all-male work site where gender had important, if unintended, ramifications for workers' class position.
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Vyrlan, Elena V. "ACTIVITIES OF THE FORCED LABOR CAMP IN THE CHUVASH AUTONOMOUS REGION IN THE TOWN OF CHEBOKSARY." Vestnik Chuvashskogo universiteta, no. 2 (June 25, 2021): 22–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.47026/1810-1909-2021-2-22-26.

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The article attempts to analyze the activities of forced labor camps using as an the example the functioning of the Forced Labor Camp of the Chuvash Autonomous Region (ChAO) in 1920–1921. The work is based on previously unpublished sources of the State Historical Archive of the Chuvash Republic. The study shows the features of classifying the prisoners, their number in the forced labor camp of the Chuvash Autonomous Region in the town of Cheboksary, the regime restrictions imposed on them, it also analyses the most frequent violations of discipline in the camp, shows the issues of the camp organization and the conditions of service in it, the system of employees’ remuneration, as well as the difficulties in the institution’s functioning under existing socio-economic situation during the years of mass famine in the Volga region. The history of establishment and operation of forced labor camps is currently poorly covered, especially at the regional level. Basing on the results of the study, the author makes a conclusion on the reasons for liquidation of forced labor camps, as well as on the need for detailed studying the regional aspects of the problem under consideration.
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Gonzalez, Gilbert G. "Labor and Community: The Camps of Mexican Citrus Pickers in Southern California." Western Historical Quarterly 22, no. 3 (August 1991): 289. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/969750.

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Purcell, Aaron D. "Reclaiming Lost Ground: Arthur Morgan and the Miami Conservancy District Labor Camps." Historian 64, no. 2 (December 1, 2001): 367–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6563.2002.tb01488.x.

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Kokebayeva, Gulzhaukhar, and Rakhmetolla Zakarya. "Evacuation and Repression: The Spaniards' Life in Kazakhstan." Historia Contemporánea, no. 70 (October 3, 2022): 919–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1387/hc.22359.

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When the war erupted between the USSR and Germany, the emigrants who were in the European part of the USSR were evacuated to the eastern republics, including Kazakhstan along with some children from children’s homes. The Spaniards repressed by the Soviet government and the soldiers-prisoners of the “Blue Division” were kept in the Kazakh camps. This paper examines the Spanish emigrants’ life and activities in Kazakhstan, their resettlement from Kazakhstan to the Crimea, and the problem of Spanish emigrants’ conscription in the Soviet Army. Also, the fate of repressed Spaniards who were sent to correctional labor camps in the Karaganda region has been traced.
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Muhlhahn, Klaus. ""Remembering a Bitter Past": The Trauma of China's Labor Camps, 1949-1978." History & Memory 16, no. 2 (2004): 108–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/ham.2004.0008.

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Mühlhahn. "“Remembering a Bitter Past”: The Trauma of China's Labor Camps, 1949-1978." History and Memory 16, no. 2 (2004): 108. http://dx.doi.org/10.2979/his.2004.16.2.108.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Labor camps Victoria History"

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Benneyworth, Garth Conan. "Traces of forced labour – a history of black civilians in British concentration camps during the South African War, 1899-1902." University of the Western Cape, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/5466.

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Philosophiae Doctor - PhD
During the South African War of 1899-1902 captured civilians were directed by the British army into military controlled zones and into refugee camps which became known as concentration camps. Established near towns, mines and railway sidings these camps were separated along racial lines. The British forced black men, women and children through the violence of war into agricultural and military labour as a war resource, interning over 110,000 black civilians in concentration camps. Unlike Boer civilians who were not compelled to labour, the British forced black civilians into military labour through a policy of no work no food. According to recent scholarly work based only on the written archive, at least 20,000 black civilians died in these camps. This project uses these written archives together with archaeological surveys, excavations, and oral histories to uncover a history of seven such forced labour camps. This approach demonstrates that in constructing an understanding and a history of what happened in the forced labour camps, the written archive alone is limited. Through the work of archaeology which uncovers material evidence on the terrain and the remains of graves one can begin to envisage the scale an extent of the violence that characterized the experience of forced laborers in the 'black concentration camps' in the South African War.
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Gorman, Louise Gwenyth. "State control and social resistance : the case of the Department of National Defence Relief Camp Scheme in B.C." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/25414.

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This thesis constitutes a sociological analysis of the establishment and operation of the Department of National Defence Relief Camp Scheme in British Columbia. During the Great Depression of the 1930s, unemployment reached unsurpassed levels, when the dependent Canadian economy could not export its primary resources. Faced with a fiscal crisis, the Canadian state was unable to support the dramatically increased number of destitute. The position of B.C. was particularly serious due to its economic dependence upon the export of raw resources. Thousands of single unemployed men who had been employed in resource industries, and for whom no adequate relief provisions were available, congregated on the west coast and became increasingly militant in their demands for 'work and wages'. The radicalization of this group was perceived as a threat that was beyond the capacity of usual state social control mechanisms. As a result, the Canadian state was obliged to undertake exceptional, repressive measures to contain these unemployed. This was accomplished through the Department of National Defence Relief Camp Scheme. Despite this extended state action, the dissident unemployed were not adequately suppressed, and the B.C. camps were characterized by a high level of militancy. The violent Regina Riot of July 1, 1935 served to break the momentum of the radical, single unemployed relief camp inmates. In 1936 the DND relief camp scheme was dismantled, and the single unemployed were dispersed. The DND relief camp scheme is examined in light of theories of the capitalist state and its role in society. It is concluded that the fiscal crisis of the 1930s rendered the Canadian state unable to mediate between the demands of the unemployed and the requirements of capital. The ensuing social crisis necessitated exceptional state coercion -- the Department of National Defence Relief Camp Scheme.
Arts, Faculty of
Anthropology, Department of
Graduate
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Rich, Jeffrey R. "Victorian building workers and unions 1856-90." Phd thesis, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/131307.

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This thesis examines work and unions in the Victorian building industry between 1856 and 1890. It presents reasons to rethink the character of the nineteenth century Australian labour movement on the basis of the experiences, ideas and institutions of these building workers, whose craft unions have been contrasted to the new unions of semi- and unskilled occupations that formed in the 1880s. From detailed evidence on each building trades' work, common dimensions of working experience, and changes in work between 1860 and 1890, the first part of the thesis argues that skilled building workers were not labour aristocrats. There was diversity in their working experiences which led to conflict and cooperation with both their employers and fellow workers. Conflicts emerged, particularly during the building boom of the 1880s, when a massive expansion of the industry affected craft labour markets and some social values. The second part of the thesis recounts the history of the building unions from their attainment of an eight hour working day in 1856 to a crisis of "sweating" in the building industry in 1890. While the unions had early successes, there were many difficulties faced by these institutions in subsequent years. My research suggests a large number of revisions and enrichments of common understandings of nineteenth century unions. In particular, the thesis argues for an understanding of the social world of the unionists, which included a complex intellectual and social relationship to liberalism, rivalries and friendships between officials, and sustaining moral values embodied in the conduct of unions. Despite growing organisational strength, the building unions had neither strong collective agreements with employers nor control of craft labour markets. The contrasting examples of key individuals, William Murphy and Ben Douglass, are discussed to show tradition and change at work in the building unions. While Murphy embraced change, including that commonly attributed to the new unions of the 1880s, Douglass resisted organisational and ideological developments by retreating to the eight hour day tradition. This tradition was the building unions' major cultural contribution to the Victorian labour movement. Finally, the thesis concludes by suggesting that a more complex interpretation of nineteenth century labour history invites a re-examination of the relationships between colonial and modem labour movements. While 1890 was in many ways a turning point in labour history, there were important connections between "new" and "old" unionists, and between nineteenth century working class liberalism and twentieth century labour's social ideas.
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Davis, Glen Anthony. "The relationship between the established and new left groupings in the anit-Vietnam War movement in Victoria, 1967-1972." Thesis, 2001. https://vuir.vu.edu.au/36042/.

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This thesis examines the relationship between the various left groupings that constituted the opposition to the war in Vietnam in the late 1960s and early 1970s. The focus is on how the newer radical groups of this period interacted with and influenced the established Left and peace movement. The work concentrates on opposition to the war within the Australian State of Victoria, drawing upon interviews with participants as well as written material from primary and secondary sources.
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Books on the topic "Labor camps Victoria History"

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Hewitt, Steven R. You are making history, you are making history: The on to Ottawa Trek in Northern Ontario. [Thunder Bay, Ont.?]: Lakehead University, Centre for Northern Studies, 1995.

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Guzmán, Eduardo de. El año de la victoria. Madrid: Vosa, 2001.

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The secret piano: From Mao's labor camps to Bach's Goldberg variations. Las Vegas, NV: AmazonCrossing, 2012.

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Kanaloarmeĭt͡s︡y: Istorii͡a︡ stroitelʹstva Belomorkanala v dokumentakh, t͡s︡ifrakh, faktakh, fotografii͡a︡kh, svidetelʹstvakh uchastnikov i ochevidt͡s︡ev. Petrozavodsk: "Karelii͡a︡", 1990.

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Berdinskikh, V. A. Vi͡a︡tlag. Kirov: [V. Berdinskikh], 1998.

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György, Gyarmati, and Palasik Mária, eds. Állami titok: Internáló- és kényszermunkatáborok Magyarországon 1945-1953. Budapest: Állambiztonsági Szolgálatok Történeti Levéltára, 2012.

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Kani︠u︡ka, Oleksander. Vid Huzhivky do Bilomor-Kanalu: Svidchenni︠a︡ kontstabirnyka 1930-ykh rr. Nʹi︠u︡-Ĭork: Naukovo-Doslidne t-vo Ukraïnsʹkoĭ Terminolohiï, 1988.

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Martina, Grahek-Ravančić, ed. Logori, zatvori i prisilni rad u Hrvatskoj / Jugoslaviji 1941.-1945., 1945.-1951: Zbornik radova. Zagreb: Hrvatski institut za povijest, 2010.

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John, Field. Learning through labour: Training, unemployment and the state, 1890-1939. Leeds: Study of Continuing Education Unit, School of Education, University of Leeds, 1992.

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Crónica de una victoria: 1998-2001. Caracas: Instituto de Altos Estudios Sindicales, 2005.

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Book chapters on the topic "Labor camps Victoria History"

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Toker, Leona. "Soviet Labor Camps: A Brief History." In From Symbolism to Socialist Realism, edited by Irene Masing-Delic, 393–406. Boston, USA: Academic Studies Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9781618111449-040.

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Sarker, Sonita. "Victoria Ocampo." In Women Writing Race, Nation, and History, 139–65. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192849960.003.0006.

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Ocampo has primarily been read as a modernist cosmopolitan (literally, a citizen of the world), and as quintessentially Argentinian at the same time; she claimed citizenship in “America” as a continent. This chapter explores how her lineage, relationship to land, learning, and labor form the foundation of her “native-ness.” With the advantage of an education in English and French provided to her at home, and with the cultural capital of being from a prominent family, Ocampo undertook a literary career that spanned continents and brought about an international meeting of the minds across the USA, France, Spain, Argentina, and India. Belonging, for Ocampo, was about thinking beyond national borders to a human solidarity against oppression and discrimination.
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Goldman, Wendy Z., and Donald Filtzer. "“All for the Front”: Free Labor, Prisoners, and Deportees." In Fortress Dark and Stern, 164–97. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190618414.003.0006.

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During the war, the Soviet state created a labor system that was unique among the combatant nations and unprecedented in its own history. The evacuation of industry to sparsely populated eastern towns demanded a new labor force. All able-bodied civilians became subject to a labor draft. The state sent millions of free workers to work on distant sites, enrolled youth in vocational schools, deployed exiled national groups in a “Labor Army,” and employed prisoners in Gulag camps in industry and construction. Women, peasants, and teenagers became major sources of new labor. Mobilized workers became the foundation of the war effort, but they also posed the state’s greatest domestic challenge: to provide services traditionally performed by the family. The provision of clothing, food, shelter, cleaning, and repair—jobs assumed by women for no remuneration—fell to the industrial enterprises. Pressure to produce and persistent shortages created appalling living conditions. Many mobilized workers fled. In the prison camps and Labor Army, starvation and illness decimated the labor force.
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Krell, Jonathan F. "Ethical Humanism and the Animal Question: Vercors’s You Shall Know Them (Les Animaux dénaturés)." In Ecocritics and Ecoskeptics, 95–122. Liverpool University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/liverpool/9781789622058.003.0005.

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Vercors’s You Shall Know Them, published shortly after WWII, grapples with the question of how to define humans and how to differentiate them from animals. This “animal question” is closely linked to the “law of the strongest” and a long history of racism, imperialism, and capitalism, as exposed in Hannah Arendt’s The Origins of Totalitarianism. Archeologists, looking for fossils, discover a tribe of intelligent ape-like hominids in New Guinea, and no one can determine if they are human or another species of great apes. A businessman wants to castrate most males, intern them in camps, and use them as cheap labor in his wool mills, an ominous reference to the Nazi concentration camps that had so recently shaken Vercors’s humanist convictions, laying bare the bestiality of humans. After a long trial, it is decided that the hominids should be considered human, because, worshipping fire, they manifest a spirit of religion. Like Camus’s “Human Crisis” lecture of 1946, You Shall Know Them is a call for the restoration of human dignity, annihilated by the savagery of the war.
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Martin, Peter. "Diplomacy in Retreat." In China's Civilian Army, 96–114. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197513705.003.0007.

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The Cultural Revolution was the most destructive period in the diplomatic history of the People’s Republic. It would bring down much of what had so far been achieved and leave indelible scars on multiple generations of diplomats—just as it left scars across the country. China’s progress in establishing diplomatic ties with the outside world ground to a complete halt from the middle of 1966 until the end of 1969. As factional violence exploded across the country, China harassed foreign diplomats at home and used its embassies to promote revolution abroad. Most of its diplomats were brought back to Beijing and pitched against each other in scarring political battles, public “self-criticisms,” and brutal outbreaks of violence. Many were later sent to labor camps in the countryside.
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Kozerska, Ewa, and Tomasz Scheffler. "State and Criminal Law of the East Central European Dictatorships." In Lectures on East Central European Legal History, 207–39. Central European Academic Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54171/2022.ps.loecelh_9.

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The chapter is devoted to discussing constitutional and criminal law as it existed in selected countries of Central and Eastern Europe between 1944 and 1989 (Czechoslovakia, the German Democratic Republic, Romania, Hungary, and Poland). As a result of the great powers’ decisions, these countries came under the direct supervision of the Soviet Union and adopted totalitarian political solutions from it. This meant rejecting the idea of the tripartite division of power and affirming the primacy of the community (propaganda-wise: the state pursuing the interests of the working class) over the individual. As a result, regardless of whether the state was formally unitary or federal, power was shaped hierarchically, with full power belonging to the legislative body and the body appointing other organs of the state. However, the text constantly draws attention to the radical discrepancy between the content of the normative acts and the systemic practice in the states mentioned. In reality, real power was in the hands of the communist party leaders controlling society through an extensive administrative apparatus linked to the communist party structure, an apparatus of violence (police, army, prosecution, courts, prisons, and concentration and labor camps), a media monopoly, and direct management of the centrally controlled economy. From a doctrinal point of view, the abovementioned states were totalitarian regardless of the degree of use of violence during the period in question. Criminal law was an important tool for communist regimes’ implementation of the power monopoly. In the Stalinist period, there was a tendency in criminal law to move away from the classical school’s achievements. This was expressed, among other means, by emphasizing the importance of the concept of social danger and the marginalization of the idea of guilt for the construction of the concept of crime. After 1956, the classical achievements of the criminal law doctrine were gradually restored in individual countries, however – especially in special sections of the criminal codes – much emphasis was placed on penalizing acts that the communist regime a priori considered to be a threat to its existence. Thus, also in the field of criminal law, a difference was evident between the guarantees formally existing in the legislation and the criminal reality of the functioning of the state.
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"Aomar Boum and Sarah Abrevaya Stein (eds.), The Holocaust and North Africa. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2019. 352 pp." In No Small Matter, edited by Anat Helman, 263–64. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197577301.003.0016.

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This chapter discusses The Holocaust and North Africa (2019), a collection of fifteen essays edited by Aomar Boum and Sarah Abrevaya Stein. As this collection makes clear, the Holocaust did not target European Jewry exclusively. North African Jews of Tunisian, Algerian, Moroccan, and Libyan origin were also subjected to German, French, or Italian occupation. While the focus is on North Africa, no attempt is made to remove it from the geographical margins of Holocaust history. Instead, almost all of the essays point to what was clearly unique to North Africa: the link between antisemitism and colonialism. The book is divided into four sections, with the first two parts examining the interface between the Holocaust and colonial North Africa. Topics covered include the application of race laws, the expropriation of Jewish property, and the internment of Jews in forced labor camps.
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