Academic literature on the topic 'Labor and laboring clases'
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Journal articles on the topic "Labor and laboring clases"
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Banerjee, Supurna. "Laboring Femininities: Skill, Body, and Class-making Among Beauty Workers in India." International Labor and Working-Class History 104 (2023): 77–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0147547923000236.
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AbstractTea plantation workers in India have historically been a part of the feminized workforce, constituting somewhat exceptionally formal labor in a country with high informalization of women's employment. In the past decade, however, a combined fallout of neo-liberalization and globalization contextualized within the local history of varying phases of incorporation, accumulation/dispossession and shifting relations of production brought about a crisis in the tea plantations leading to closures, retrenchment, and casualization. The women workers from tea plantations joined the burgeoning casualized urban labor force. Through ethnography and interviews I traced women workers from tea plantations in West Bengal, India, who migrated to the beauty industry in Hyderabad and Delhi-NCR. The paper focuses on the construction of women's labor in the beauty industry with continuities and contrasts from the tea plantations to understand the makings of gendered labor and skill. The women's frequent invocation of femininity as skill foregrounds the woman's body as central to woman's labor and the workplace but also provides a scope to unsettle understanding of femininity as a specific and naturalized concept. Using the lens of migration from one sector of feminized labor to another, this paper interrogates the production of the feminine worker and the workplace in different but related contexts. Their reflections on their work, skill, and workplace allows us an insight into the ways in which the body as the woman and the worker is deployed as skilled/natural and how they themselves co-construct, negotiate, and subvert the construction of femininity and feminine labor in the workplace.
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Woronov, T. E. "Doing Time: Mimetic Labor and Human Capital Accumulation in Chinese Vocational Schools." South Atlantic Quarterly 111, no. 4 (October 1, 2012): 701–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00382876-1724147.
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Working-class youth enrolled in China’s urban vocational schools spend years hanging out and sleeping through their classes. Rather than condemning this as a failure of the students’ ability or the schools’ pedagogy, this essay argues that attending vocational school is a form of mimetic labor in China today. Based on a year of ethnographic research in two vocational schools and theorized using Diane Elson’s value theory of labor, this essay analyzes China’s current regimes of human capital accumulation. I argue that these regimes structure nonelite education such that working-class youth generate value by laboring at the mimetic production of a school-like environment.
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Palmer, Bryan D. "“Mind Forg’d Manacles” and Recent Pathways to “New” Labor Histories." International Review of Social History 62, no. 2 (May 15, 2017): 279–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020859017000141.
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AbstractSince the 1990s, labor history has been presented as “in crisis”. This negative evaluation is an overstatement. It has nevertheless prodded historians, often productively, to rethink the basic orientations of working-class history. This survey article explores three recent pathways to a “new” labor history: the turn to transnational and global study; the “new” history of capitalism; and the study of slavery as unfree labor. These new approaches to labor history highlight an old dilemma: how the structured determinations of laboring life are balanced alongside dimensions of human agency in understanding the complex experience of the working-class past. It is argued that we need to consider both structureandagency in the researching and writing of labor history. If an older “new” labor history accented agency, new pathways to labor history too often seem constrained by “mind forg’d manacles” that limit understandings of workers’ past lives by emphasizing structure and determination.
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Velasco, Benjamin. "Using Marx to Understand the Working Class in the Philippines." Philippine Journal of Public Policy: Interdisciplinary Development Perspectives 2023, no. 1 (2023): 1–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.54096/rsfv2451.
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In the Philippines, service workers outnumber workers in industry and agriculture. Wage workers are the majority, but there is substantial nonwaged employment. Marxist categories as a relational theory of social classes can unpack these characteristics of the working class. Production relations and the labor theory of value are relevant concepts. The working class is defined by its situation—it is the propertyless mass who must sell their labor power in return for wages to the capitalist class who own the means of production. Thus, service workers are no less proletarian than industrial workers. Moreover, service workers engaged in the supply chain of commodity production—from engineers designing products to workers transporting goods to wholesale and retail employees laboring at the point of sale—all contribute to the creation of value and surplus value. Proletarianization subjugates sections of the working class and even independent producers to the industrial regime characterized by division of labor and mechanization of work. Capitalism simultaneously creates, destroys, and reconstitutes sections of the working class as it develops. For Marx, the working class is composed of the army of labor and the reserve army. The reserve army of labor is the nonwaged population or the urban and rural poor in the Philippines. They are the semi-proletariat, which connotes their similarity yet distinctiveness from the proletariat.
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Barnett, Lydia. "Showing and hiding: The flickering visibility of earth workers in the archives of earth science." History of Science 58, no. 3 (October 23, 2019): 245–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0073275319874982.
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This essay interrogates the motives of eighteenth-century European naturalists to alternately show and hide their laboring-class fossil suppliers. Focusing on rare moments of heightened visibility, I ask why gentlemen naturalists occasionally, deliberately, and even performatively made visible the marginalized science workers on whom they crucially depended but more typically ignored or effaced. Comparing archival fragments from elite works of natural history across a considerable stretch of time and space, including Italy, France, Switzerland, Britain, Ireland, Germany, Spain, and French, Spanish, and British America, this essay sketches the contours of a disparate group of people I term ‘earth workers’: laborers of very low social rank, such as quarrymen, shepherds, ditch-diggers, and fieldworkers, whose daily labor in and on the earth enabled the discovery of subterranean specimens. At the same time, archival traces of laboring lives ultimately reveal more about the naturalists who created them than they do about the marginalized laborers whose lives they faintly record. Cultural norms of elite masculinity and scholarly self-presentation in the Republic of Letters help us to understand why some eighteenth-century naturalists felt they had to publicly disavow a form of labor that would come to be recognized as a crucial and skilled part of scientific fieldwork in the modern era. Compared to other kinds of invisible labor that historians of science have brought into view, the social meaning of earth work rendered it uniquely visible in some ways and uniquely invisible in others.
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Atabaki, Touraj. "From ‘Amaleh(Labor) toKargar(Worker): Recruitment, Work Discipline and Making of the Working Class in the Persian/Iranian Oil Industry." International Labor and Working-Class History 84 (2013): 159–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0147547913000306.
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AbstractThe extraction of oil in 1908 and the ensuing construction of an oil refinery, shipping docks and company towns in southwest Persia/Iran opened a new chapter in the nation's labor history. Enjoying absolute monopoly over the extraction, production and marketing of the oil, the Anglo-Persian/Iranian Oil Company (APOC, AIOC, now British Petroleum—BP) embarked on a massive labor recruitment campaign, drawing its recruits primarily from tribal and village-based laboring poor throughout a region. But, in a region where human needs were few and cheap, it was no easy task to persuade young men to leave their traditional mode of life in exchange for industrial milieu with radically different work patterns. Those who did join the oil industry's work force were then subjected to labor discipline of an advanced industrial economy, which eventually contributed to the formation of the early clusters of modern Iran's working class.
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Akgöz, Görkem, and Bridget Kenny. "Special Section on Productive Hierarchies in Global Perspectives: Gendered Skill, Labor Control and Workplace Politics." International Labor and Working-Class History 104 (2023): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0147547923000340.
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From the nineteenth century, when the new social question of women's factory labor came to preoccupy the (middle-class) public imagination, to the present times of globalized labor chains, discourses on gendered labor have been at once fluid and constitutive of labor hierarchies. These discourses and social relations affirm their centrality within processes of industrialization and workplace restructuring as well as in development policy, urban formation, and indeed, nation building. Depending on the political economy of the labor market, the images of laboring women accordingly oscillated between, for instance, helpless and exploited victims to national heroines in the service of developmental projects. At the same time, since the early nineteenth-century, the steadily accumulating social reform, labor inspection, or social scientific accounts of women's paid and unpaid labor testified to states’ and employers’ growing comfort with hiring what was and is still, in many ways, a cheap, easily exploitable category of workers, one whose profitability increased the more precarious their employment became. Such discourses and labor control practices were deeply racialized and classed. On the other side of the public imagination and employer's surveillance, women who engaged in paid work sometimes appropriated the discourses and reshaped the practices that were used to characterize their labor and judge their choices.
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Jaffe, J. A. "The “Chiliasm of Despair” Reconsidered: Revivalism and Working-Class Agitation in County Durham." Journal of British Studies 28, no. 1 (January 1989): 23–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/385924.
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The role of evangelical religion in the social history of the English working class has been an area of both bewildering theories and un-founded generalizations. The problem, of course, was given a degree of notoriety by Elie Halévy who, according to the received interpretation, claimed that the revolutionary fervor characteristic of the Continental working class in the first half of the nineteenth century was drained from its British counterpart because of the latter's acceptance of Evangelicalism, namely, Methodism.It was revived most notably by E. P. Thompson, who accepted the counterrevolutionary effect of Methodism but claimed that the evangelical message was really an agent of capitalist domination acting to subordinate the industrial working class to the dominion of factory time and work discipline. Furthermore, Thompson argued, the English working class only accepted Methodism reluctantly and in the aftermath of actual political defeats that marked their social and economic subordination to capital. This view has gained a wide acceptance among many of the most prominent labor historians, including E. J. Hobsbawm and George Rudé who believe that Evangelicalism was the working-class's “chiliasm of despair” that “offered the one-time labour militant … compensation for temporal defeats.”There could hardly be a starker contrast between the interpretation of these labor historians and the views of those who have examined the social and political history of religion in early industrial Britain. Among the most important of these, W. R. Ward has claimed that Methodism was popular among the laboring classes of the early nineteenth century precisely because it complemented political radicalism.
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Zyskowski, Kathryn, and Kristy Milland. "A Crowded Future: Working against Abstraction on Turker Nation." Catalyst: Feminism, Theory, Technoscience 4, no. 2 (October 16, 2018): 1–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.28968/cftt.v4i2.29581.
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This paper examines digital labor and community through an ethnography of a discussion board supporting short-term digital contract workers on the Amazon Mechanical Turk (mTurk). First, we give a thorough overview of mTurk, the crowdsourcing marketplace, and Turker Nation, a discussion board for workers on mTurk. We trace the experience of interacting with this infrastructure on mTurk as worker and employer. Following, we look at scholarship on software infrastructure and autonomous Marxist theorizations of contemporary work. We demonstrate how the labor of participating on the discussion board Turker Nation helps to counter the abstraction the infrastructure provides. We show how workers on Turker Nation use the platform to structure time, build socializing spaces at work and initiate collective organizing. In doing so, we argue that workers’ labor belies conventional class classification, such as white-collar and blue-collar labor and instead lays the groundwork for how to structure future digital workplaces. We argue that this laboring resists the assumed logic of capitalism for digital labor that subsumes and takes over workers’ lives and conclude by looking at the limitations of the community’s collective organizing in terms of agreeing on points to communicated to the public.
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Prager, Jonas. "Wage indexation and the Israeli labor market: the institutional imperative." International Journal of Middle East Studies 18, no. 3 (August 1986): 259–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020743800030476.
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Israel is a nation replete with contradictions; its economics, politics, and sociology often defy understanding. This Jewish state, located on the periphery of the Moslem world, has few natural resources of its own, while its neighbors to the south and east enjoy the benefits of oil wealth. It is geographically Middle Eastern, yet politically finds itself considered European. Its population is predominantly Asian and African, yet its political institutions and leadership, civilization, and national cultural figures are rooted in the West. Another contradiction, less obvious but no less puzzling, provides the subject of this article. In typical periods of inflation, real wages are eroded and the laboring class suffers from a reduction in its purchasing power. Yet in the inflationary economy characteristic of most of Israel's existence, the wage-earner has managed to escape the harm threatened by the ever-diminishing value of the currency. The ostensible explanation—indexed wage contracts— appear to be inadequate, for such agreements never provided full de jure coverage against inflationary erosion.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Labor and laboring clases"
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Magnússon, Magnús S. "Iceland in transition labour and socio-economic change before 1940 /." Lund : [Universitet], 1985. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/15205389.html.
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Hunnings, Kelly Joanne. "Patronage and Poetic Identity in Eighteenth-Century Laboring-Class Poetry: Mary Leapor, Ann Yearsley, and Janet Little." OpenSIUC, 2013. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/1218.
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The purpose of this project is to shed light on three female laboring-class poets who have gone largely overlooked by scholars of eighteenth-century studies, Mary Leapor, Ann Yearsley, and Janet Little. This paper argues that when discussed together these poets exemplify the shift from Augustan models of intellectualism to proto-Romantic thought. Issues of literary patronage and trend are highlighted in this thesis as the laboring-class poetic tradition enjoyed a long vogue in the eighteenth-century. Chapter One offers a look in the literary marketplace of the period and what scholars have said about the subject of laboring-class writing so far. Chapters Two, Three, and Four focus on the poetry of Leapor, Yearsley, and Little, with particular attention to tribute poems with the goal of highlighting the role of laboring-class writers from Augustan poetry to proto-Romantic poetry.
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Souza, Samuel Fernando de. "Coagidos ou subornados : trabalhadores, sindicatos, Estado e as leis do trabalho nos anos 1930." [s.n.], 2007. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/280759.
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Orientador: Michael McDonald HallTese (Doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciencias Humanas
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-10T17:10:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Souza_SamuelFernandode_D.pdf: 1378249 bytes, checksum: 0c5eae79b25badc79280b696bec3648b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007
Resumo: O tema desta tese é a regulamentação das relações de trabalho durante os anos 1930. Ao longo das últimas décadas, a legislação trabalhista tem freqüentado as pautas da historiografia do trabalho. O Estado era visto como formulador e executor das leis, durante o período de 1930 a 1945, e esta regulação teria consolidado a submissão de trabalhadores e entidades sindicais ao império burocrático trabalhista. Em oposição a estas perspectivas uma nova historiografia do trabalho questionou o poder ¿demiurgo¿ do Estado. Na medida em que os estudos atentaram para as relações entre sindicatos, Estado, trabalhadores e patrões, uma série de novas questões veio à tona. Os sindicatos não eram tão atrelados, os trabalhadores mantinham estratégias de organização e mobilização e a lei era um campo de disputas. Esta tese parte desta perspectiva. O estudo da regulamentação tem como eixo a judicialização das relações de trabalho, iniciada nos anos 1920 e incrementada durante os anos 1930. A judicialização, resultado da legislação sobre o trabalho, foi observada a partir dos serviços de fiscalização das leis e pelos órgãos de justiça do trabalho. Os encontros entre trabalhadores, sindicato e patrões no âmbito do Estado revelaram a fragilidade do Estado para aplicar as leis, os usos por parte de trabalhadores e sindicatos dos recursos legais, bem como as estratégias do Estado, pelo Ministério do Trabalho, nas tentativas de efetivar o controle sindical
Abstract: The main object of this work is the legislation on labour relations during 1930¿s. Labour historians have been concerned about the legislation over the last decades. The State was often viewed as formulating and executing labour legislation during the 1930 ¿ 1945 period, the result being a labour movement controlled by the State. When historians started to focus on labour unions, workers, employers and the State a range of new questions about the subject arose. Labour unions were not too controlled by the State, workers had strategies to organize and mobilize by right and the law was a field for struggle. This thesis starts from this perspective and studies regulation from the viewpoint of the judicialization of labour relations, begun in the 1920s and increased during the 1930¿s. This judicialization, a result of the legislation, is viewed from the enforcement services of the laws and by the instruments of the labour courts. The encounters of workers, union and owners within the State reveal the State¿s fragility in applying its laws, the uses of legal recourses by workers and unions, as well as the strategies of the State, through the Ministry of Labour, in its attempts to exercise effective control over unions
Doutorado
Historia Social
Doutor em História
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Pathanapong, Poonsri. "Childbirth pain communicative behaviors among selected laboring Thai women." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/185186.
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The purpose of this study is to describe characteristics of childbirth pain communicative behaviors among laboring Thai women, determine mode of pain communication, and determine relationships among behaviors and parturients, age, parity, education, and occupation. This study employed an exploratory description design. Direct structural observation was used to collect data. The study was conducted at a general hospital in Bangkok, Thailand, with 32 subjects participating. The "Observation Checklist of Laboring Women's Behavior" was used to record the subjects' behaviors. Descriptive statistics, the t test, and Pearson product moment correlation were used to analyze data. Data analysis indicated that the subjects of this study communicated pain via nonverbal channels and in a quiet manner. The range of nonverbal behaviors ranked from the greatest to the least frequent occurrences and included tactual, facial, lips, body movements, eyes, and respiratory behaviors. The range of verbal reports ranked from the greatest to the lowest frequencies and included reports of sensation, self evaluation of tolerance of pain, asking for information, requesting help and comfort, and asking for permission. Reports of pain were the most predominant of all the verbal reports. There were no statistically significant differences between behaviors and age, parity, education, and occupation. Pain behaviors were more prevalent among primiparae. Subjects who were younger or had fewer years of education ask for more information relating to the childbirth process compared with their counterparts. The younger subjects tended to communicate their pain via verbal mode; the older subjects tended to communicate their pain through nonverbal channels. Information derived from this study contributed to clinical practice, research, and theoretical knowledge of nursing. The information will help nurses understand about pain communication among the Thai women. Findings also will serve as empirical data for future investigations and can be used as a basis for childbirth pain assessment. The findings of this study are not generalizable because subjects were not randomly selected and the sample size was small. Recommendations for future study include the use of larger sample sizes, refinement of the checklist, and the use of multiple methods to collect the data.
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Burgueño, Leiva Cynthia Luz. "Clases laboriosas, clases peligrosas. Movimiento obrero, franquismo y transición en la Gran Barcelona." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/671358.
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Este trabajo está enfocado en los procesos de conflictividad obrera en la Gran Barcelona durante los años setenta. La hipótesis general es que la clase trabajadora ha sido una de las fuerzas sociales que más se ha manifestado en la oposición a Régimen Franquista y durante la transición democrática, cuya dinámica ascendente -que mientras se extendía se enfrentaba a una fuerte represión-, ha ido profundizando tendencias a la coordinación, la autoorganización y la politización. Una hipótesis historiográfica crítica de la transición, contraria a la visión idílica de un ‘cambio pacífico’ y protagonizado exclusivamente por ‘los de arriba’.
En primer lugar, se abordaron los precedentes históricos de la década del setenta. En el apartado La conflictividad laboral durante los primeros años del franquismo, se analiza la conformación del Estado franquista determinado por su fuerte carácter represivo y las duras condiciones de posguerra que provocaron una desafección al Régimen, desarrollándose en la década de 1940 importantes huelgas. En segundo lugar, en el apartado La década de 1950: nueva conflictividad obrera, transformaciones económicas y giro político del Régimen, se analiza el desarrollo de las primeras huelgas de esta década. En tercer lugar, en el apartado Los años sesenta: nueva clase obrera, crecimiento económico y el nuevo marco de relaciones laborales, vemos cómo el proceso de modernización del aparato productivo desembocó en importantes transformaciones en el conjunto de la clase trabajadora. En cuarto lugar en Las clases laboriosas comienzan a volverse peligrosas, analizamos la extensión e intensidad de la conflictividad obrera en esta década, la extensión de las Comisiones Obreras, el papel de las organizaciones de izquierda, principalmente el PCE y PSUC en Catalunya.
En la parte central del trabajo, La conflictividad obrera en los años setenta. Nueva clase obrera, crisis del Régimen y transición, analizamos el proceso de recomposición de las fuerzas de la clase trabajadora llegando a una década que denominaremos auge o ascenso obrero. En el siguiente apartado El régimen en crisis: los obreros se rebelan. Conflicto de clase y movimiento obrero en Barcelona, pretende demostrar que la clase trabajadora ha sabido superar la fragmentación y desestructuración sufrida producto de los efectos de la derrota de la guerra civil y la represión del nuevo Estado franquista. Se ha ido constituyendo un movimiento obrero que superó las barreras locales, construyendo una nueva cultura obrera.
En el apartado: Año 1976: la “ruptura pactada” de la transición se estudia cómo se fue preparando la reforma política de Suárez y, paralelamente, la oposición antifranquista para una ruptura pactada con el nuevo Régimen. Este trabajo parte de la premisa de que el desarrollo de la conflictividad obrera, con un movimiento obrero en ascenso en 1976, no indicaba una dinámica inevitable hacia las políticas pactistas que resultaron de la transición, tal como se analiza en El ascenso de las luchas obreras en
1976. Cuando los de arriba pactaban, los de abajo se radicalizaban. Se analiza un segundo momento de la radicalidad obrera en 1976, cuando el Gobierno franquista pactaba con el PCE. Para esta premisa analizamos El conflicto de Roca Radiadores: experiencia de autoorganización obrera de una huelga política durante la Transición, cruzado por los profundos cambios hacia la Transición durante los años 1976 y 1977 que duró la huelga de 95 días. En el capítulo Mujeres laboriosas, mujeres peligrosas, se analiza el protagonismo de las mujeres trabajadoras como un componente fundamental en lo que fue la gran oposición obrera.
La intensa conflictividad obrera como motor determinante de la crisis del Régimen franquista devela el carácter de la misma transición, lejos de un desarrollo pacífico y de un marco exclusivo de pactos y reformas.Aquest treball està enfocat en els processos de conflictivitat obrera en la Gran Barcelona durant els anys setanta. La hipòtesi general és que la classe treballadora ha estat una de les forces socials que més s'ha manifestat en l'oposició a Règim Franquista i durant la transició democràtica, sota una dinàmica ascendent que mentre s’estenia, s'enfrontava a una forta repressió, aprofundint tendències a la coordinació, l'autoorganització i la politització. Una hipòtesi historiogràfica crítica de la transició, contrària a la visió idíl·lica d'un ‘canvi pacífic’ i protagonitzat exclusivament ‘pels de dalt’. Primer, es van abordar els precedents històrics que van anar conformant una desafecció al Règim Franquista: les primeres vagues, importants transformacions de la classe treballadora i, durant la dècada del seixanta, l'extensió de la conflictivitat obrera. En la part central del treball, “La conflictivitat obrera en els anys setanta. Nova classe obrera, crisi del Règim i transició”, s'analitza la recomposició i emergència d'un moviment obrer que, superant la fragmentació, la desestructuració i les barreres locals, va saber construir una nova cultura obrera. La premissa central és que la conflictivitat no indicava una ‘dinàmica inevitable’ cap a les polítiques pactistes que van resultar de la transició. Així ho demostra el capítol “El conflicte de Roca Radiadores: experiència d'autoorganització obrera d'una vaga política durant la Transició”, creuat per profunds canvis en els anys 1976 i 1977 que va durar la vaga de noranta-cinc dies. També el capítol “Dones laborioses, dones perilloses”, on s'analitza el protagonisme de les dones treballadores com un component fonamental en el que va ser la gran oposició obrera. La intensa conflictivitat obrera com a motor determinant de la crisi del Règim franquista desvela el caràcter de la mateixa transició, lluny d'un desenvolupament pacífic i d'un marc exclusiu de pactes i reformes.
This work is focused on the processes of workers’ conflict in Greater Barcelona during the seventies. The general hypothesis is that the working class has been one of the social forces that has manifested the most in opposition to the Franco Regime and during the democratic transition, whose upward dynamics which, -while it was spreading, faced strong repression- has been deepening tendencies towards coordination, self-organization and politicization. A critical historiographic hypothesis of the transition, contrary to the idyllic vision of a ‘peaceful change’ led exclusively by ‘those from above’. First, this tesis addresses the historical precedents that were shaping a disaffection with the Franco Regime: the first strikes, important transformations of the working class and, during the sixties, the extension of workers' conflict. In the central part of the work, “The labor conflict in the seventies. New working class, crisis of the regime and transition” the recomposition and emergence of a labor movement is analyzed. The movement knew how to build a new working class culture, overcoming fragmentation, social de- structuring and local barriers. The central premise is that the existence of conflict did not indicate an ‘inevitable dynamic’ towards the pact-based politics that resulted from the transition. This is exposed in the chapter “The conflict of Roca Radiadores: experience of worker self-organization of a political strike during the Transition'', which shows the profound changes in the years 1976 and 1977, when the 95-day strike occurred. The premise is also explored in the chapter "Working women, dangerous women", which analyzes the role of working women as a fundamental component in what was the great labor opposition. The intense labor conflict as the determining engine of the crisis of the Franco Regime reveals the nature of the transition itself, far from a peaceful development and a framework built exclusively by pacts and reforms.
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Pan, Darcy. "Laboring Through Uncertainty : an ethnography of the Chinese state, labor NGOs, and development." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Socialantropologiska institutionen, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-134505.
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This study sets out to understand how international development projects supporting labor activism work in contemporary China. It focuses on the lived experiences of and relationships among a group of grassroots labor NGOs in the province of Guangdong, South China; intermediary NGOs in Hong Kong; and Western funding agencies that try to bring about social change in postsocialist China where the political climate is still highly restrictive and the limits of the state’s tolerance for activism are ambiguous and uncertain. Foregrounding the notion of uncertainty, this study investigates how state control is exercised by examining a specific logic of practices, discourses, and a mode of existence that constantly mask and unmask the state. More specifically, this study explores how the uncertainty about the boundaries of permissible activism is generative of a sociopolitical realm in which variously positioned subjects mobilize around the idea of the state, which in turn leads to articulations and practices conducive to both self-censorship and a contingent space of activism. Viewed as such, the idea of uncertainty becomes an enabler through which certain kinds of practices, relationships, and networks are made possible and enacted, and through which a sociopolitical realm of intimacy is constituted by and constitutive of these relationships, networks, and practices. Situated in the domain of uncertainty, this study examines the ways in which uncertainty, both as an analytical idea and an ontological existence, produces an intimate space where labor activists not only effectively self-censor but also skillfully map the gray zone between the relatively safe and the unacceptably risky choices.
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Stephan, Etelle. "LABORING FOR POLICIES: THE ECONOMIC INTEGRATION OF REFUGEES IN TANZANIA AND UGANDA." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2018. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/scripps_theses/1184.
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This thesis is serves to examine the refugee policies in Tanzania and Uganda and how they have affected refugee participation in their labor market economies. I focused on two developing nations because much of refugee discourse revolves around the global north, leaving developing nations out of the conversation. This gap in discourse inspired this topic in hopes of encouraging more scholarly contributions. Considering the economic impact of refugees provides an empirical approach to humanitarian issues exposing the overlap between politics, economics, and humanity.
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Pokphatthanakkun, Čhongčhairak. "Nayōbāi khō̜ng ratthabān Thai kīeokap kammakō̜n rawāng Phō̜. Sō̜. 2475-2499." 1986. http://books.google.com/books?id=WSxYAAAAMAAJ.
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Thesis (M. Ed.)--Srinakharinwirot University, 1986.In Thai; abstract also in English. Title from leaf [232]: Labour policy of Thai government between B.E. 2475 and 2499. Includes bibliographical references (leaves [205]-229). Also issued in print.
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Esser, John Schneiberg Marc. "Bread and circuses in a capitalist labor process a psychoanalytic approach to worker compliance /." 1985. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/12328048.html.
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Thesis (M.S.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1985.Typescript. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 288-290).
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Maitra, Saikat. "Laboring to create magic : the new worker in the emerging retail industries of Kolkata." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/31279.
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My dissertation focuses on the means through which a new worker-identity is getting crafted in the city of Kolkata in India under the impact of neoliberal economic policies of the state on one hand and the changing modes of capital formation on the other. Kolkata’s position as the pre-eminent city of British India in the nineteenth century had led to a huge influx of industrial capital. However, the post-independence era saw a gradual flight of capital due to a long history of political and social turbulence. With the liberalization of the Indian economy in the 1990s, both national and trans-national capital have started flowing back into Kolkata, especially in sectors such as real-estate, retail and service industries. This has led to a huge proliferation of expensive shopping malls and cafes in the city employing a large urban youth population, usually from under-privileged backgrounds. With the state giving up its former faith in socialist principles and instead strongly committing itself to neoliberal economic reforms, the future of development for Kolkata is getting tied to its capacity to attract corporate capital, particularly in organized retail and service sectors. As such, urban labor is coming under a tremendous scrutiny to delineate an identity according to principles of flexibility, self-discipline and responsiveness to the needs of contemporary private capitalist interests. In spaces like shopping malls and exclusive cafes, workers are repeatedly trained and indoctrinated to show an affective capacity to serve, be cheerful in their work and to display through bodily comportments the signs of a global cosmopolitanism that can sustain consumption. However, with most of the workers themselves coming from low-income backgrounds with little or no knowledge of the roles they are asked to play as part of their work, uncertainties and anxieties exacerbate the already precarious position of these young workers. This study therefore looks at how workers negotiate everyday work environments and how such work environments in turn alter and condition their identity through multiple strategies of discipline and control emanating from both the neoliberal state as well as corporate institutions.text
Books on the topic "Labor and laboring clases"
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Timchenko, Viktor Vasilʹevich. Ukraine today : the working class =: L'Ukraine d'aujourd'hui : la classe ouvrière = Die Ukraine von Heute : die Arbeiterklasse. Kiev: Politvidav Ukraini Publishers, 1986.
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S, Harris W. Capital and labor. Brantford [Ont.]: Bradley-Garretson, 1997.
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G, Squier E. Lecture on the condition and true interests of the laboring class of America. Albany: Published at the offices of the New York State Mechanic, and Cultivator, and in New York at the Office of the New York Tribune, 1989.
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Charles, Stelzle. The gospel of labor. New York: F.H. Revell, 1990.
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Williams, Whiting. Full up and fed up. New York: Garland Pub., 1985.
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Callinicos, Alex. The changing working class: Essays on class structure today. London: Bookmarks, 1987.
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Iroha, Enyina. Salute to workers, May day '86. [s.l.]: [s.n.], 1986.
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(Korea), Kʻŭrisŭchʻyan Akʻademi, ed. Hang̕uk nodong undong ŭi yŏksa wa chŏnmang. Sŏul Tʻŭkpyŏlsi: Munhak Yesulsa, 1985.
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Hodgskin, Thomas. Labour defended against the claims of capital. London: Routledge/Thoemmes Press, 1997.
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Gleason, Arthur. What the workers want. New York: Garland Pub., 1985.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Labor and laboring clases"
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Bourdillon, Michael F. C. "Labor as Education." In Laboring and Learning, 91–110. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-287-032-2_3.
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Maskovsky, Jeff, and Julian Aron Ross. "Laboring for whiteness." In The Routledge Handbook of the Anthropology of Labor, 166–79. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003158448-16.
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Cheng, Yi’En. "Cultural Politics of Education and Human Capital Formation: Learning to Labor in Singapore." In Laboring and Learning, 265–84. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-287-032-2_11.
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Blondell, Amy Donovan. "Undocumented and Documented Homeless Youth in the US Labor Force: Economically Useful and Politically Disenfranchised." In Laboring and Learning, 523–42. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-287-032-2_27.
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Blondell, Amy Donovan. "Homeless Youth Labor Continuum: Working in Formal and Informal Economies from Highland Guatemala to San Francisco, California." In Laboring and Learning, 327–60. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-287-032-2_24.
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Colclough, Dyan. "Laboring Fairies: The Theatrical Child as a Family Resource and a Resourceful Child." In Child Labor in the British Victorian Entertainment Industry, 43–74. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137496034_3.
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"Reconstructing the Labor Framework—Reconstructing the Laboring Classes." In Legitimating the Illegitimate, 85–120. University of California Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/jj.2430390.9.
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"4. Reconstructing the Labor Framework—Reconstructing the Laboring Classes." In Legitimating the Illegitimate, 85–120. University of California Press, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/9780520326651-008.
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Sachs, Miranda. "Interwar Reform." In An Age to Work, 148—C7P58. Oxford University PressNew York, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197638453.003.0008.
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Abstract Up to the Republic’s end, the experiences of working-class children and youths continued to be distinct from their bourgeois peers. Even by the late 1930s, the majority of working-class youths entered into the workforce or a vocational training program upon completing primary school. During the interwar period, the Republic, aided by private welfare organizations, expanded its services for young workers and young delinquents. Vocational guidance officers and social workers relied on medical knowledge to provide more individualized care to young members of the working classes. However, as with their pre-war predecessors, these state and parastate actors provided such assistance to ensure that young members of the laboring classes joined the work force. During the interwar period, republican policy with regard to young people’s labor, vocational training, and welfare continued to preserve class-based divisions within childhood.
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Johnson, Joan Marie. "Dictating with Dollars." In Funding Feminism. University of North Carolina Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5149/northcarolina/9781469634692.003.0004.
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Wealthy women’s understanding of financial independence and sisterhood are themes that are crucial to the ideas of women wealthy throughout the book. The Women’s Trade Union League (WTUL) largely failed to effectively develop a cross-class coalition of wealthy women and labor women. By studying the WTUL in comparison to Grace Dodge’s working girls clubs and YWCA work, and the support of wealthy women for the 1909 Shirtwaist Strike, the chapter explores why many wealthy women sought gender equality. Their interactions with working-class women and their desire to control their own finances drove them to link financial independence with political equality. When the wealthy held the purse strings, cross-class cooperation, while potentially empowering to laboring women, was also a potent source of conflict. Working women resented the fact that Margaret Dreier Robins and Mary Dreier dominated the funding for the WTUL and insisted on having their way, despite the sisters’ deep commitment to feminism and their professed desire for cross-class coalition.
Conference papers on the topic "Labor and laboring clases"
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Мурашева, Мария Викторовна. "FEATURES OF THE LABOR MARKET IN THE FIELD OF PHYSICAL CULTURE AND SPORTS." In Сборник избранных статей по материалам научных конференций ГНИИ "Нацразвитие" (Санкт-Петербург, Май 2021). Crossref, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37539/may191.2021.83.80.047.
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Основой организации труда физкультурных работников является его нормирование. С помощью нормирования определяются общая численность физкультурных работников, количественные соотношения между различными категориями работающих, реализуются возможности роста эффективности их труда. Нормы труда, устанавливаемые физкультурным работникам, зависят от особенностей их деятельности и методов измерения объёма выполняемых ими работ. Особенность нормирования труда ряда категорий физкультурных работников (например, тренеров, инструкторов, организаторов) состоит в том, что результаты труда работников не осуществляются в продукте, а выступают в форме нематериального блага. The basis of the organization of the labor of physical education workers is its rationing. With the help of rationing, the total number of physical education workers is determined, quantitative relations between different categories of working, the possibilities of growth in the effectiveness of their labor are being implemented. Labor standards established by physical workers depend on the peculiarities of their activities and methods for measuring the volume of work performed by them. The peculiarity of the laboring of the labor of a number of categories of physical education workers (for example, coaches, instructors, organizers) is that the results of workers are not carried out in the product, but perform in the form of an intangible good.
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Rahayu, Esty Puji, and Lailatul Khusnul Rizki. "Effect of Affirmation Flashcards on Level of Anxiety in Second Stage of Labor at Midwifery Clinic, East Java." In The 7th International Conference on Public Health 2020. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.03.49.
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ABSTRACT Background: The Indonesia Demographic and Health Survey (IDHS) 2017 reported a high maternal mortality rate (MMR) in Indonesia. Safe and effective management of the second stage of labor presents a clinical challenge for laboring women and practitioners of obstetric care. This study aimed to examine effect of affirmation flashcards on level of anxiety in second stage of labor at midwifery clinic, East Java. Subjects and Method: This was a quasi-experiment with pre and post-test design was conducted at Mei Kurniawati, Amd.Keb midwifery clinic, Surabaya from July to September 2020. A sample of 30 pregnant women who planned to give birth normally at Mei Kurniawati, Amd.Keb midwifery clinic was selected by simple random sampling. The dependent variable was anxiety in second stage of labor. The independent was flashcard affirmation treatment. The data were analyzed by Paired T test. Results: Effect of Flashcard Affirmation treatment on anxiety, control variable (Mean=-3.70; SD= 1.48; p< 0.001) was higher than treatment variable (Mean= -2.15; SD= 1.44; p< 0.001). Effect of flashcard affirmation on the duration of second stage of labor, control variable was higher (Mean= -8.88; SD= 3.81; p< 0.001) than treatment variable (Mean=-1.02; SD= 1.17; p< 0.001). Conclusion: Maintaining the mother’s psychological condition can be done by giving positive affirmations to the mother, besides that the support of husband and family is also an important point, for that research that may be carried out to develop this research is the role of husband support in the smooth delivery of labor. Keywords: flashcard affirmation, second stage of labor, anxiety Correspondence: Esty Puji Rahayu. Universitas Nahdlatul Ulama Surabaya. Jl. SMEA no.57, Surabaya. Email: esty@unusa.ac.id Mobile: 085755196600. DOI: https://doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.03.49
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Vidal Meló, Anna, Vicente D. Estruch Fuster, Francisco J. Boigues Planesc, Romina Del Rey Tormos, Jesús Alba, Bernardino Roig Sala, and Constantino Torregrosa. "Flipped Teaching: una metodología en construcción…" In In-Red 2016 - Congreso de Innovación Educativa y Docencia en Red de la Universitat Politècnica de València. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/inred2016.2016.4304.
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La UPV potencia la aplicación de nuevas metodologías docentes, como es el caso del Flipped Teaching o clase inversa, que consiste, a grandes rasgos, en hacer en casa lo que tradicionalmente se hace en el aula (la exposición teórica) y realizar en el aula lo que comúnmente se hace en casa (resolución de problemas). Este planteamiento supone disponer de más tiempo en las clases presenciales para la resolución de problemas, realización de prácticas, trabajo en equipo,… favoreciéndose la aplicación de metodologías activas. El Grup d’Innovació Educativa i Recerca en Matèries Científiques (GIERMAC) participa en la convocatoria PIMEs 2015-2016 de la UPV, con el PIME A04-“Estudio sobre la aplicación del Flip Teaching en asignaturas de Matemáticasy Física”. En este trabajo se resume la labor realizada hasta el momento: planificación y selección de contenidos, selección de recursos, y confección de una colección de fichas Flip que detallan la forma en que se desarrolla la metodología en el estudio de un tema concreto.
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Calvet Sanz, Salvador, Héctor Moreno Ramón, Sara Ibañez Asensio, Ana Isabel Jiménez Belenguer, Ignacio Enrique Guillén Guillamón, Marta Cabedo Fabrés, Alfonso Martínez García, and Miguel Ferrando Bataller. "Recursos on-line sobre experiencias innovadoras en competencias transversales para profesores y alumnos." In In-Red 2016 - Congreso de Innovación Educativa y Docencia en Red de la Universitat Politècnica de València. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/inred2016.2016.4282.
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Una de las principales amenazas detectadas para desarrollar la formación en competencias es la capacidad del profesorado para desarrollarlas en el día a día de sus clases, lo cual puede traducirse en una desmotivación del profesorado ante este reto. En este momento es esencial una importante labor de formación tanto para el profesorado como para el alumno, sobre todo en lo que respecta a cómo trabajar, desarrollar y evaluar las competencias transversales en la realidad de una asignatura determinada. El objetivo general de este trabajo es contribuir a la implementación de las competencias transversales a la realidad de las titulaciones, a través de la recopilación, selección y creación de recursos online y su posterior estructuración y difusión. Así, se ha procedido a recopilar y seleccionar recursos electrónicos ya existentes, clasificándolos según la competencia transversal a la que contribuyan y según su destinatario (profesor o alumno), entre otros. Los resultados muestran una importante disparidad cuantitativa y cualitativa entre recursos correspondientes a distintas competencias. Este trabajo tiene un carácter marcadamente multidisciplinar, y no tiene como objetivo una recopilación exhaustiva de materiales, sino establecer un sistema de organización de mayor utilidad para el profesorado.
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Espinosa Tomás, Julián, Carmen Vázquez Ferri, Begoña Domenech Amigot, and Jorge Pérez Rodríguez. "Tecnologías de la información y comunicación (TIC) en la docencia de las prácticas de laboratorio de Óptica Oftálmica." In INNODOCT 2018. València: Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/inn2018.2018.8812.
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La Óptica Oftálmica es una materia que se encuentra dentro del Plan de Estudios del Grado en Óptica y Optometría, dentro del módulo de Óptica se encuentra la materia Óptica Oftálmica. A grandes rasgos, en Óptica Oftálmica se estudia el proceso de formación de imágenes y propiedades de todo tipo de lente oftálmica utilizada en prescripciones optométricas y su proceso de adaptación. Asimismo, trata las técnicas de centrado, adaptación, montaje y manipulación de todo tipo de lentes, de una prescripción optométrica, ayuda visual y gafa de protección. La metodología docente empleada en la asignatura se basa, por un lado, en una parte presencial que incluye las modalidades de clase teórica, prácticas de problemas y clases prácticas, y, por otro lado, una parte no presencial que potencia el autoaprendizaje y que incluye las modalidades de tutorías no presenciales, estudio y trabajo en grupo e individual. Las prácticas de laboratorio se realizan en el laboratorio habilitado para la asignatura. Su contenido aparece agrupado en 8 prácticas individuales de 2 horas de duración por práctica en las que se realiza la medida y montaje de todos los elementos compensadores estudiados en la asignatura. Para cada práctica se prepara un guion donde se indica su objetivo, el material y el procedimiento a seguir. Se propone elaborar videotutoriales con las técnicas de medida de potencias de lentes oftálmicas que proporcionarán al estudiante del Grado de Óptica y Optometría la posibilidad de consultar y visionar en cualquier lugar y momento el manejo del instrumental utilizado en el laboratorio de Óptica Oftálmica. Estas herramientas, además, facilitarán la labor docente del profesorado haciéndola más eficiente al aprovechar los medios tecnológicos que dispone.
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Sosa-Avaro, Leandro, Ana Justel, and Iñigo Molina. "DEFINICIÓN DE ZONAS HOMOGÉNEAS DE DAÑO CAUSADO POR GRANIZO EN CULTIVOS AGRÍCOLAS UTILIZANDO DATOS DE SENSORES REMOTOS." In 3rd Congress in Geomatics Engineering. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica de València, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/cigeo2021.2021.12737.
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La frecuencia e intensidad de los eventos meteorológicos extremos, a nivel mundial, se han incrementado en las últimasdécadas, provocando enormes pérdidas económicas. En Argentina, en la campaña agrícola 2017-2018, se destinaronmás de 200 millones de dólares para proteger los cultivos soja, maíz y trigo contra granizo. Luego de una tormenta, unperito visita el campo para estimar las mermas de rendimiento causadas por granizo, sin información previa de las regionesafectadas ni su intensidad. La precisión en la estimación del daño depende en gran medida de la identificación de ZonasHomogéneas de Daños (ZHD) dentro de la parcela para ponderar el daño total. Actualmente, las ZHD se delimitan acampo con técnicas visuales. Se propone desarrollar un algoritmo para definir las ZHD aplicando técnicas MachineLearning a índices de vegetación calculados con datos Sentinel 1 y 2. Se procesaron y compararon 5 índices demicroondas (DPDD, IDPDD, VDDPI, MPDI y DPSVI) y 5 espectrales (NDVI, EVI, SAVI, AVI y NPCRI) y se seleccionó elmás sensible a los cambios para cada tipo de señal; además, se incorporaron como variable de entrada al modelo lasderivadas de ambos índices. Para definir las clases se empleó K-Means (k = 3). Para validar el algoritmo se analizaron38 tormentas ocurridas entre los años 2017 y 2020 en 91 parcelas de soja, trigo y maíz ubicadas en la llanura pampeanaargentina. Se aplicó a cada parcela el modelo One-Way ANOVA (p <0.05). Los índices seleccionados fueron DPSVI yNPCRI. Se detectaron correctamente ZHD en un 66,67%, 78,13% y 72,70% de los casos analizados, para los cultivos demaíz, trigo y soja, respectivamente. Se concluye que el algoritmo permite definir en forma eficiente ZHD causados porgranizo dando transparencia y precisión a la labor del perito y disminuyendo el tiempo de sus tareas a campo.
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Castillo Segura, Jesús Alberto, and Jose Pereira Chaves. "Uso de la argumentación y lenguaje científico con el abordaje de los ecosistemas marinos y costeros para la promoción de las competencias de pensamiento científico en profesores de Biología del Caribe sur de Costa Rica." In I Congreso Internacional de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Universidad Nacional, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.15359/cicen.1.33.
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La enseñanza de las ciencias ha sido concebida como una forma de transmisión de conocimientos disciplinares en donde el profesor era el responsable de hacer que los estudiantes memorizaran un saber acabado, el cual, debía recibir conocimiento como un ser pasivo, carente de herramientas y saberes previos para participar en el proceso de aprendizaje, sin dar posibilidad de construir conocimientos. Sin embargo, se comprendió que las personas debían ser capaces de utilizar tanto recursos cognitivos como de su experiencia para poder llevar a cabo una labor de la mejor forma, es decir, individuos competencialmente formados. A raíz de la preocupación de investigadores en didáctica de las ciencias, se han iniciado profundos análisis que den alternativas metodológicas para promover la generación de conocimiento en el aula, y así la propuesta de nuevas estrategias de enseñanza-aprendizaje que puedan gestarse en los estudiantes como protagonistas activo en su propia construcción de de conocimiento, por ello actualmente se busca promover las habilidades para la vida en el estudiante, por lo que se hace un abordaje y revisión de lo señalado por Quintanilla (2014) quien resalta que una de las acciones como estrategias posicionada en el tope de la “jerarquía” del sistema formativo, son las competencias de pensamiento científico (CPC); y describe que éstas buscan que no solo las personas sean capaces de realizar una labor de la mejor manera, sino que también que sean capaces de entender qué hacen, por qué lo hacen y para qué lo hacen; a su vez que el individuo desarrolle destrezas que trasciendan el área cognitiva. Basados en la generación de las competencias del pensamiento científico a través del conocimiento contextualizado de los estudiantes y las estrategias que lleva a cabo los docentes, se aborda la importancia de la riqueza y diversidad de ecosistemas que presenta el Caribe Sur costarricense (Cahuita, Manzanillo-Gandoca y Puerto Viejo) en sus zonas marino-costeras como manglares, playas y arrecifes, los cuales son fundamentales para el desarrollo varias comunidades costeras; como forma de bioalfabetizar la población joven en habilidades, conocimientos, valores y actitudes que permita un mejor desempeño en la sociedad enfrentando de manera competente las problemáticas marino-costeras; a su vez, esto conlleva estrategias para fortalecer la alfabetización científica y la promoción de las CPC; fortaleciendo herramientas que les permita al individuo brindar soluciones y dar respuestas a problemas e inquietudes de su comunidad. Debido a esto, la presente investigación tuvo como propósito principal diagnosticar el uso de la argumentación y lenguaje científico por parte de docentes Biología como actividades de mediación pedagógica que promueven las competencias de pensamiento científico (CPC) mediante el abordaje del contenido relacionado con los ecosistemas marino-costeros en liceos rurales ubicados en la zona costera del Caribe Sur de Costa Rica. La misma responde a un enfoque cualitativo dominante y a un tipo de estudio fenomenológico. La población de estudio estuvo conformada por 72 estudiantes del ciclo diversificado de los liceos rurales de Cahuita, Puerto Viejo y Gandoca, así como el profesor de Biología de cada uno de estos centros educativos. Se aplicó una encuesta dirigida a los estudiantes, una entrevista y un grupo focal aplicados a los docentes de Biología. Se encontró que los docentes muestran discretas iniciativas en el uso y promoción de la argumentación como actividad que promueve las CPC, los mismos abordan los debates y preguntas generadoras, contrariamente a lo señalado por los estudiantes, dichos resultados tienden a ser contrapuestos a un docente que tenga una visión entorno a la formación del estudiante y a la promoción de las CPC, donde las actividades de mediación en el aula juega un papel primordial para que se promuevan las distintas habilidades. Además, los docentes promueven el uso de lenguaje científico en las ferias científicas y textos científicos. Asimismo, los estudiantes manifiestan un uso moderado de dicha CPC para formar individuos con dominio de verbalización y competencialmente bioalfabetizados, por lo que es fundamental integrar diversas actividades que empoderen al estudiante sobre el saber disciplinar y a la vez pueda responder situaciones cotidianas a las que está expuesto diariamente. Además, incluir dentro de las capacitaciones dirigidas a los docentes herramientas que den abordaje a la promoción de las CPC. Por otra parte, se recomienda modificar el abordaje pedagógico en las clases de Biología para que se promueva un aprendizaje enfocado en el desarrollo de habilidades comunicativas y experimentales, individuos empoderados en lenguaje científico y competencialmente formados para enfrentarse a las necesidades y exigencias de la sociedad. En esta misma línea, es fundamental disminuir la utilización de estrategias magistrales y centradas solamente en los contenidos, sino más bien velar por el desarrollo de espacios de aprendizaje donde el estudiante se identifique con lo que aprende adaptándolo a su contexto y promoviendo la construcción científica individual y social. Finalmente, los docentes deben formarse en el abordaje de las CPC para poder aplicar actividades de mediación pedagógica que las promueven y poder hacer uso de los recursos marino-coteros con el propósito de hacer una educación contextualizada y vivencial en el marco de la educación ambiental.