Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Laboour market performance'
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Mikhalchenko, Valentina. "Macroeconomic volatility effect on labour market performance." Thesis, University of Bath, 2015. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.687336.
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Macroeconomic volatility effect on labour market performance has been detected for OECD countries during the years of 1985-2011. Current research adds a number of improvements to the subject field. Labour market performance incorporates a large number of associative indicators rather than simple unemployment rate. Variety of performance indicators has been used in attempt to underpin the system mechanism. Advanced techniques are used for volatility estimation. Distinct volatility measures are used for exchange rate, inflation and interest rate series according to their stochastic properties. For long memory inflation series ARFIMA-GARCH models have been used, for interest rates that bare asymmetry due to Central Bank and market interventions QARCH, GJR-GARCH and PARCH models have been fitted. Exchange rate series have been modelled using ARIMA-GARCH and EGARCH. In estimation of volatility effect on labour market performance either random or fixed effects models have been used. Standard errors of the models have been tested and corrected for serial correlation, heteroskedasticity and cross-sectional dependence. For the robustness of the results panel time series methods have been used where possible due to its advantages for macroeconomics models (Eberhardt (2012)). Where use of these methods has been restricted by the nature of the models, Arellano-Bond (1991) and Bruno (2005) models have been fit. Hybrid (Allison (2009)) and Correlated Random effects models (Mundalak (1978)) have been used where categorical variables have been included in the regression.
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Pacelli, Lia. "Institutions and labour market performance in Italy." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2007. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1446323/.
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My research focuses on the interactions between institutions and the functioning of the labour market. In this respect Italy represents an interesting "case study". It is commonly considered a highly regulated market however, there is evidence of flexibility higher than expected. Hence it must be investigated whether this postulated rigidity is real at the firm level and whether existing institutions and regulations are actually binding on human resource management at the firm level. My contribution relies on the attempt to measure the effect of a selected set of regulations on the behaviour of the firms. I focus on different pieces of legislation, all of them recently under scrutiny to be reformed, all of them relevant to shape the functioning of the Italian labour market. Employment Protection Legislation is made of several provisions: restrictions on firings, severance payments, notice periods are the most common. I focus on the first two: a provision akin to a severance payment and the regulation of individual layoffs. Temporary contracts are a way to avoid firing costs altogether, and are analysed next. Preliminary to all this is the analysis of the wage setting process, as the effects of EPL depend on how much wages are flexible. My approach is mainly empirical, and relies on the use of a very rich data archive. After assessing that Italian wages are quite rigid, and that only about 10% of the wage is not set outside the employer-individual employee relationship, I draw two general con clusions, (i) The estimated effect of the norms I analyse is always statistically significant, but it is always small (ii) the effect is increasing with firm size. This is coherent with a flexibility higher than expected in a deeply regulated market. Some hints pointing to a segmented market and to a non universal enforcement of the norms emerge as well.
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Glitz, Albrecht. "The labour market impact and performance of immigrants." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2008. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1444182/.
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In many countries, the extent to which immigration affects the labour market of the host economy is one of the key concerns in the public debate on immigration policies. Chapter 2 of this thesis provides a thorough review of the economic literature on the labour market impact of immigration and summarises the current empirical evidence. Chapter 3 investigates the impact of immigrants on the German labour market during the 1990s. This analysis takes advantage of a natural experiment in which a particular group of immigrants was exogenously allocated to specific regions across the country by the government. The empirical analysis focuses on the effect of these exogenous inflows on relative skill-specific employment and wage rates of the resident population. Chapter 4 of the thesis investigates how industries and firms respond to a change in the skill mix of local labour supply induced by an inflow of immigrants. One way to absorb these changes is an expansion in size of those industries and firms that use the corresponding skill group most intensively. Alternatively, in dustries and firms can adjust their production process and switch to a technology that uses the corresponding skill group more intensively. Based on German micro data, the analysis assesses which of these channels is dominant and quantifies their relative contributions. One of the key assumptions in many impact analyses is that natives and immigrants of the same observable skill level are perfect substitutes in the labour market and are thus equally affected by aggregate economic shocks. Chapter 5 of the thesis tests this assumption by analysing the way different immigrant groups in Germany and the UK respond to the economic cycle relative to comparable native workers.
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Rijkers, Bob. "Small Enterprise Performance and Labour Market Outcomes in Ethiopia." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.504161.
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Fairburn, James Anthony. "Promotions, incentives and the market for corporate control." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.241164.
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Guell-Rotllan, Maia. "The effects of fixed-term contracts on labour market performance." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2000. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/2490/.
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During the 1980's, many European countries introduced flexibility measures in their labour market to fight high and persistent levels of unemployment. In particular, in many countries reforms consisted of the introduction of more flexible labour contracts (fixed-term contracts) in comparison to the predominant ones (permanent contracts). The purpose of this thesis is to analyse the effects of such contracts on the overall performance of the labour market. First, an economy with firing costs is analysed theoretically. Firing costs are generally considered one of the most important elements in making a labour market rigid. This chapter stresses the fact that it is not just the level of severance payments what matters, but a wider view of employment protection. In particular, dismissal conflicts are modeled explicitly and their cost is derived. In the second chapter, the effects on employment of introducing fixed-term contracts in an economy with only permanent contracts are analysed theoretically. Our findings are that higher employment at the expense of segmentation of the labour market only arises if wages are very flexible. Otherwise, employment is not necessarily higher than in a system with only permanent contracts. Moreover, from the social point of view, market segmentation is too large. The last two chapters are empirical work applied to Spain. The Spanish experience appears to be particularly useful in this context to draw some lessons of these policies because the unemployment rate is the highest among OECD economies despite the several "policy experiments" implemented in the last two decades. In Chapter 3 the duration pattern of fixed-term contracts and the determinants of the transformation of these into permanent ones are analysed. Evidence is found that fixed-term contracts are used as a screening device instrument. Also, employers use fixed-term contracts until their legal limit. In Chapter 4, we study the effects of fixed-term contracts on the duration distribution of unemployment. It is found that the chances of leaving unemployment for a reference group have increased at short durations, while they have decreased at long durations of unemployment.
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Rycx, François. "Collective bargaining, labour market performance, wage structures and poverty: an international perspective." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/211604.
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Conlon, Gavan Philip Pearse. "The marginal effect of vocational qualifications on labour market performance and earnings." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.365737.
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Monastiriotis, Vassilis. "Labour market flexibility and regional economic performance in the UK, 1979-1998." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2002. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/834/.
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Over the last two decades labour market flexibility has gained recognition as an important factor for good economic performance. Over the same period, the UK has followed a significant labour market deregulation programme, achieving probably the most flexible labour market in Europe. The main purpose of this study is to offer a concrete analysis of labour market flexibility and measure the impact that changes in flexibility in the UK have had on its regional economic performance. The thesis starts with a review of the forces that have created the conditions for enhanced labour market flexibility. This includes a discussion of the elements of flexibility, identifying its different forms, types, sources and targets. Through a systematic literature review the relationship between labour market flexibility and economic performance is examined. Some original international empirical evidence is also offered, based on a panel of data from the OECD. I then proceed to develop a technical economic model, examining the effects of labour standards deregulation on economic outcomes and inequalities in economic opportunities. This is followed by a theoretical discussion of regional dynamics in relation to labour market flexibility, where issues of spatial dependence are considered. In the main body of the empirical analysis, a large number of flexibility measures are developed and their evolution over time and across space is thoroughly discussed. Then, the economic effects of labour market flexibility are formally examined. The conclusion of this empirical analysis is that, on balance, labour market flexibility seems to have improved economic performance in the UK regions, although efficiency gains have coincided with larger inequalities in labour compensation and economic opportunities. The various elements of flexibility, however, are found to have variable, often opposing effects, suggesting that the issue of flexibility and improved economic performance is not purely quantitative, but mostly related to the specific combination of labour market arrangements which can lead to better or worse social and economic outcomes. It follows that this issue cannot be studied in isolation from its socio-economic environment, as the economic benefits of flexibility are not universal but rather place- and context-specific.
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Ceylan, Evelina. "The Labor Market Performance of Individuals with Foreign Backgrounds." Thesis, Jönköping University, IHH, Nationalekonomi, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-53720.
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This paper uses individual data from a collected survey, performed in Sweden by the SOM institute, to study individuals with foreign backgrounds in the labor market. We use The Ordinary Least Squares model, where we control for age, education, and gender to explore the difference in incomes between immigrants, children of immigrants, and natives in wage-employment, unemployment, and self-employment. The contribution of this paper is the second generation immigrants, we will assess their performance on the labor market in order to evaluate if self-employment is a profitable alternative. The second generation immigrants act as a benchmark for a functioning integration policy, it is therefore crucial to examine if we can observe any labor market barriers for the second-generation immigrants. The result display that immigrants do perform worse in both wage-employment and self-employment compared to natives. By being self-employed, immigrants earn 25.9 percent less than if they would have been wage-employed. The situation for the children of immigrants is different. Children of immigrants seem to perform better than immigrants on the labor market, especially in wage-employment. One could therefore conclude that since immigrants struggle with finding wage-employment, self-employment may be an alternative. However, self-employment should not be an option for the children of immigrants. It seems that they succeed in finding wage-employment, and they do better in wage-employment compared to self-employment. So, the promotion of self-employment should be more cautiously made since it may not always have a good economic outcome for the individual.
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Mourre, Gilles B. P. "Five essays on performance and structural rigidities in European labour markets." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210306.
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The thesis investigates the role of structural rigidities in recent labour market performances in Europe through various and complementary angles in five essays. By structural rigidities, we mean a lasting feature caused by a set of institutions, which prevents a market from operating efficiently. The approach is essentially empirical and macro-economic, while the scope of the analysis is definitely European, which is technically reflected in the use of either euro area aggregates or panels and cross-sections of European countries.Doctorat en Sciences économiques et de gestion
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Wilson, Nicholas Charles. "Explaining labour market emergence : the case of early music performance in the UK." Thesis, Kingston University, 2007. http://eprints.kingston.ac.uk/20281/.
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The primary purpose of this thesis is to provide a causal explanation of the emergence of the UK early music labour market. The labour market for early music performers was held to have appeared in the 1970s, when the early music movement established itself as a major cultural force in the UK. It is argued that current labour market theory has been hampered in its ability to explain this phenomenon because i) it has generally taken the view that labour markets “just exist”, and ii) because existing accounts are too often founded on conflationary theorising. The only way to offer a practically adequate causal explanation of this emergent phenomenon is to adopt an approach that can account for the transformational and stratified nature of social reality. Critical realism is introduced as the philosophical “underlabourer” for this research project, with Archer's (1995) morphogenetic method representing its methodological complement. Following an immanent critique of the labour market literature, I present a re-conceptualisation of the labour market and its emergence, drawing on a critique of the entrepreneurship literature and the process of qualification. This frames the empirical research of the emergent early music labour market, involving both intensive and extensive research. The outcome of the research takes the form of an analytical historical account. The temporal and relational emergence of the UK early music labour market is shown to depend upon a range of key causal configurations (including the presence/absence of funding and training; enterprising capabilities; incubation opportunities; and re-qualification). Two underlying causal mechanisms (the tendency towards transformation and the tendency towards standardisation) are highlighted. It is argued that the retroduction of these mechanisms represents a significant contribution to knowledge with respect to our understanding of labour markets, markets in general, and the process of entrepreneurship.
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Rosenqvist, Olof. "Essays on Determinants of Individual Performance and Labor Market Outcomes." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Nationalekonomiska institutionen, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-296299.
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Essay 1 (with Oskar Nordström Skans): This paper provides field evidence on the causal impact of past successes on future performances. Since persistence in success or failure is likely to be linked through, potentially time-varying, ability it is intrinsically difficult to identify the causal effect of succeeding on the probability of performing well in the future. We therefore employ a regression discontinuity design on data from professional golf tournaments exploiting that almost equally skilled players are separated into successes and failures half-way into the tournaments (the “cut”). We show that players who (marginally) succeeded in making the cut substantially increased their performance in subsequent tournaments relative to players who (marginally) failed to make the cut. This success-effect is substantially larger when the subsequent (outcome) tournament involves more prize money. The results therefore suggest that past successes provide an important prerequisite when performing high-stakes tasks. Essay 2: Recent experimental evidence suggests that women in general are more discouraged than men by failures which potentially can explain why women, on average, are less likely than men to reach top-positions in firms. This paper provides the first quasi-experimental evidence from the field on this issue using data from all-female and all-male professional golf tournaments to see if this result can be replicated among competitive men and women. These top-performing men and women are active in an environment with multiple rounds of competition and the institutional set-up of the tournaments makes it possible to causally estimate the effect of the result in one tournament on the performance in the next. The results show that both male and female golfers respond negatively to a failure and that their responses are virtually identical. This finding suggests that women’s difficulties in reaching top-positions in firms are caused by external rather than internal barriers. Essay 3: Voting is a fundamental human right. Yet, individuals that are younger than 18 do typically not have this right since they are considered uninformed. However, recent evidence tentatively suggests that the political knowledge of youths is endogenous to the voting age. I test for the existence of such dynamic adjustments utilizing voting age discontinuities caused by Swedish laws. I employ a regression discontinuity strategy on Swedish register data to estimate the causal effect of early age voting right on political knowledge around age 18. The results do not support the existence of positive causal effects of early age voting right on political knowledge. Thus, we should not expect that 16-year-olds respond by acquiring more political knowledge if they are given the right to vote. This finding weakens the case for a lowering of the voting age from 18 to 16. Essay 4 (with Lena Hensvik): We postulate that firms’ production losses from absence depend on the employees’ internal substitutability, incentivizing firms to keep absence low in positions with few substitutes. Using Swedish employer-employee data we show that absence is substantially lower in such positions even conditional on establishment and occupation fixed effects. The result reflects sorting on both entry and exit margins, with stronger separations responses when it was difficult to predict the absence of the employees beforehand. These findings highlight that internal substitution insures firms against production disruptions caused by absence and that absence costs are important aspects of firms’ hiring and separations decisions.
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Azhar, Sarwar Mehmood. "Strategies, market orientation and capabilities : business performance perspectives from Pakistan, a developing market economy." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2007. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/13271/.
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The aim of this thesis is to study, in the context of a developing market economy, the relationship of Marketing Orientation, Strategic Orientation as well as marketing capabilities with business performance, individually as well as simultaneously and compare these with the proposed relationships suggested in the developed markets of the western world. The findings suggest that there is a strong relationship between these independent variables with performance but these are not always positive and in some cases not even significant. This in many areas contradicts the proposed positive influence of the above mentioned variables on business performance that is normally taken for granted in developed markets. This result is, however, in line with the results of a few studies carried out in the developing market context. For example a study by Usha and Haley (2006), notify that successful managers in their study argue that best practices developed for information-rich Western markets were not effective in information-void emerging markets. Further, the thesis in response to developing better understanding of the role of Market Orientation in the affairs of the firm especially in a developing market economy, sought to test its influence on strategic orientation and marketing capabilities. The study found a strong relationship in the hypothesised direction though there is also evidence of reciprocal causality. The strong influence of Market Orientation on strategic orientation that a firm adopts is in line with the results of a few studies noticeably studies by Morgan and Strong (1997) as well as by Hoon and Lee (2005). The thesis has in a small way tried to broaden the knowledge base in the areas of strategy and marketing by bringing insights from a developing country perspective, which is currently lacking in the literature. It is hoped that the implications of the research will have significant value for both academics and practitioners in the field of marketing and strategy especially in these developing countries. The thesis, finally proposes that this study is one step in many, needed to develop a mid range theory, and it is hoped that this will become a building block in the overall framework, which would make such studies more rigorous, both theoretically and methodologically in the future.
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Barua, Shubhasish. "Essays on trade, multi-product plants, manufacturing performance and labor market." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2016. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/80029/.
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The evolution and impact of North-North and North-South trade have been among the main areas of research in the literature of international trade. But how trade shocks emanating from a low-wage southern country affect the manufacturing sector of other low-wage countries has been little researched. In particular, there is a lack of evidence on firm-level adjustment to low-wage trade shock in a low-wage developing country context. The main objective of the thesis is to fill this gap in the literature by empirically examining the impact of import competition shock from China on the evolution of manufacturing sector in India. This thesis combines plant level data from the Annual Survey of Industries (ASI) 1998-2009 with the product level trade data from UN Comtrade database. The thesis contains two main chapters –chapter 2, which explores the impact of a sharp rise in Chinese import exposure on overall plant performance and product reallocation dynamics within-plant, and chapter 3. The latter dwells on wage inequality and employment within-plant. Chapter 2 finds that increased import competition from China following its WTO accession leads to improvements in revenue productivity and a reduction of product scope at the plant-level. A 10 percentage point increase in Chinese import exposure leads to a 3.7 percent increase in large plants’ total-factor productivity. The same amount of increase in exposure to Chinese imports leads to a one percent decrease in the number of products produced by the plant. Plant product-level analysis suggests that the impact on selection of products is not symmetric. Plants drop the product in which Chinese import exposure is higher; however, the closer the product is to the core competence of the plant, the less likely it is to be dropped. Although import competition from high-wage countries has no statistically significant impact on plant performance or product scope, plant product-level adjustment shows that import competition shocks from both high-wage countries and China have a similar impact on the selection of products within a plant. Chapter 3 finds that the rise in import competition from China leads to a general increase in within-plant wage inequality between skilled and unskilled workers in large plants. But the overall pattern is driven by much greater adjustment in flexible labor markets or states that have employer friendly industrial relation regulation, while no significant adjustment is evident in the inflexible market. I find that a 10 percentage point increase in Chinese import exposure leads to a 1.35 percent increase in skill premium in the sample of large plants, whereas the same change leads to a 2.65 percent increase in skill premium in the flexible market. It is also observed that increase in import competition from China causes a downsizing of low-productivity plants through employment destruction, and an expansion of high-productivity plants via employment creation. Again, the reallocation of employment is only evident in the flexible labor market.
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Kang, Tae Young. "The effects of competitive pressures on labour market institutions and economic performance : a cross-country comparative study." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 1992. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/2588/.
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Traditionally, industrial relations have been studied with relation to three fundamental theories: pluralism, unitarism and marxism. However, over the past decade there has been an increasing contribution to industrial relations emanating from the boundaries of other disciplines: principally economics, organizational behaviour and business strategy. Among economists, and to a lesser extent, business strategists, there has been a growing concern about the relationship between macro-economic performance across several countries and labour market institutions. This has manifested itself in discussion of how specific wage bargaining structures influence unemployment and inflation. In these discussions industrial relations specialists appear to lag behind their economist colleagues, tending to favour analysis of the intrinsic relations between employers and employees. An important advantage, however, of these studies in employee relations has been in their ability to explain the conduct of an industrial relations system. This has not led to any consensus and few of the studies conducted in the past decade have investigated the strategic behaviour of both employers and employees. None have attempted to examine the macroeconomic implications of behaviourial changes and wage bargaining. This thesis builds on work already in train in a number of disciplines: principally industrial relations, business strategy, organizational behaviour and labour economics. Cognisant of the work in these areas, the study develops a theory which explains how perceived and actual increases in international competition influence the choice which employers and employees make and which eventually shape their institutions. By departing from the traditional theoretical constructs used in industrial relations, our "new" theory provides a basis for cross-country comparisons of macro-economic effects of labour relations behaviour. From our theory we devise testable propositions and draw a wide variety of time series data over a period of some twenty years, from seventeen O.E.C.D. economies to test these. These data, which lend themselves to econometric analysis, are augmented by qualitative evidence from case studies. Findings support our theory. The thesis makes three distinct contributions. Firstly, it suggests a "new" theoretical approach to the study of industrial relations which combines work from several disciplines. In this regard, it contributes a theory which explains labour market changes by recourse to macro-economic performance. Secondly, it makes a contribution, albeit modest, to policy, suggesting that some current Western policies for labour relations are inadequate since they do not clearly show employers and employees the actual implications of macro-economic performance. Thirdly, the thesis highlights some of the shortcomings of econometric studies which focus on a relatively narrow set of variables at the exclusion of qualitative data which is difficult to quantify.
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Ehlert, Mark William. "Estimates of the impact of performance-based funding on the labor market effectiveness of Missouri's area vocational-technical schools /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 1998. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p9901235.
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Ko, Jang Wan. "Performance standards and labor market outcomes of postsecondary career and technical education in Missouri /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2003. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p3091938.
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Zhu, Hong. "Women as strategic resource and organization performance: a perspective of resource synergy." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2014. https://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_oa/72.
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This thesis develops a new theoretical perspective (i.e., the resource synergy perspective) to explain how women in the workforce may help improve organization performance. Drawing upon this theoretical perspective, I study how women, as an important strategic human resource, can be better utilized with the resource synergy generated between women resources and certain synergy-relevant variables. Among the synergy-relevant variables, this perspective highlights the importance of organization strategy and leadership, because these two variables are developed based on organizational resources and should be contingent on the environmental and situational factors that are partly uncontrollable by an organization. In addition, the roles of organization culture as a type of environmental factor and task characteristics as a situational factor are also considered. To realize the research goals, I conduct two studies at different levels. In study 1, I propose that organizations can take advantage of women resources by increasing the proportion of women in the employees at the macro level. Moreover, I propose that organization strategy, culture, and task characteristic have coordinative and supportive effects on the increase of the proportion of women, leading to the generation of resource synergy. Specifically, I seek to prove that, with the coordination and coherence of these synergy-relevant variables (i.e., customer-oriented strategy), the culture of collectivism, and task complexity, women‘s resources can be better utilized. Thus, the generated synergy can bring greater competitive advantages for organizations and thus lead to higher organization financial performance. In study 2, I proceed to suggest that making full use of women resource at the micro level is also important. The resource synergy perspective provides a new explanation for the roles of inequality and leadership in the utilization of women resources in organizations. This study proposes that women‘s inequality perceptions have negative effects on their performance in organizations, thus preventing organizations from making full use of its important strategic resources and generating synergy. With these damaging effects, it is difficult for an organization to make full use of women resources and achieve competitive advantages. However, with a high level of leader-member exchange (LMX), which indicates high quality in leader-member relationships, female employees may still have the motivation to perform well. Thus, the negative effects of inequality can be attenuated and women resources can be better utilized with the synergistic effects of LMX. To test the above hypotheses, I conduct two empirical studies in China. The sample of study 1 includes 132 organizations from the service industry. Results of the hierarchical regression analysis support the positive effects of increasing the proportion of women on the organization‘s return on assets (ROA) but fail to support its positive relationship with market growth. The results also reveal that organization synergy-relevant variables such as customer-oriented strategy, the culture of collectivism, and task complexity do generate synergy with women resources. In other words, with the existence of these variables, the positive effects of the proportion of women on ROA and market growth are both enhanced. Study 2, which is conducted in organizations from four industries in China (i.e., chemistry, electronic, manufacturing, and hospitality), consists of 190 female employees and 51 matched leaders. Results of the hierarchical regression analysis show that organization inequality is negatively related to women‘s job-related performance and positively relates to their turnover intentions. In addition, LMX is found to positively moderate the effects of inequality on women‘s job-related performance and negatively moderates the effects on their turnover intentions. At the end of this thesis, the research‘s theoretical and managerial implications are discussed. This thesis makes six contributions to the literature: 1) It is among the first to specify that women are a type of strategic resource for organizations and provide systematic investigations on how to make full use of this resource. 2) This research deepens the understanding of women as a type of resources by identifying certain boundary conditions; i.e., the synergy-relevant variables. 3) This research develops a new perspective (i.e., the resource synergy perspective) to study the utilization of women as a strategic resource for organizations at multi levels. 4) This research should extend the literature of culture by identifying the role of collectivism in making use of women as a resource. 5) This research can also add to the literature of leadership by examining the role of LMX in making use of women resources. 6) This research provides a new theoretical perspective for the relationship between employees‘ inequality perceptions and their job performance. In addition to the theoretical implications, this research also provides useful knowledge for the management in organizations. First, based on the research findings, organizations should provide equal opportunity in employment for women and include more women in the workforce. Second, it is also critical to retain the existing female workforce through better talent management, thereby providing a work environment supporting the utilization of women resources. Based on the synergy relevant variables examined in this research, organizations should pay attention to their strategy, culture and task characteristics. It is important for organizations to consider about whether their culture supports the utilization of women resources or not. By the culture of high collectivism, organizations can provide a favorable work environment where women are more likely to be accepted and respected. Moreover, a strategy of customer orientation is beneficial for women resource to be deployed fully. Also organization should pay attention to place women in appropriate tasks. Third, this research highlights the importance of women‘s individual performance in realizing their value in organizations. It is vital for organizations and managers to improve women‘s equality perceptions within organizations. Moreover, managers and organizations should take measures to enhance the quality of leader-subordinate exchange relationship. Moreover, the strength and limitations of this research are also discussed. The research has several strengths. First, this research is theory-driven. Second, I conduct two empirical studies at multi-levels to address the issue of making full use of women in organizations. Third, the sample size is large in both studies (study 1, 132 organizations; study 2, 190 female employees and 51 matched leaders). Fourth, the threat of common method bias is further minimized because I collect the data of study 2 from both employees and their immediate supervisors. Fifth, I adopted the appropriate approaches to analyze the data and test the hypotheses. Finally, I try to suggest possible directions for future research on the utilization of women resources in organizations. Keywords: utilization of women resources, the proportion of women, inequality, resource synergy, performance
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Quintero, Rojas Coralia Azucena. "Essays on economic fluctuations, growth and the labor market performance : the impact of tax / benefit systems." Le Mans, 2008. http://cyberdoc.univ-lemans.fr/theses/2008/2008LEMA2001.pdf.
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Cette thèse s'intéresse aux fluctuations économiques, au chômage et à la croissance économique. Ces dernières décennies, la plupart des pays européens ont connu un ralentissement de leur croissance économique ainsi qu'un taux de chômage élevé et persistant. Cette évolution, dite de long terme, a été accompagnée d'une série de fluctuations économiques de court terme. Dans ce contexte, cette thèse analyse le fonctionnement du marché du travail et son incidence sur la performance des économies développées. Plus précisément, nous analysons les effets de court et de long terme de certaines distorsions jugées représentatives du marché du travail des pays européens, tels que la fiscalité, les systèmes d'indemnisation du chômage et les mécanismes de fixation du salaire. Le premier chapitre présente le modèle canonique de cycle réel dans un contexte international. Il s'agit de déterminer un ensemble d'hypothèses visant à pallier aux défaillances du modèle original dans l'explication des fluctuations du marché du travail. L'incorporation de ces hypothèses dans ce cadre théorique fait l'objet de la première partie du chapitre 2. Même si ces amendements du cadre canonique conduisent à une meilleure compréhension des déterminants des fluctuations économiques et de leur synchronisation entre pays, les faits concernant la dynamique des heures et du salaire ne sont pas expliqués. Ceci justifie le développement d'une modélisation alternative du marché du travail, présenté dans la deuxième partie de ce chapitre. Au centre de ce modèle prennent place le chômage et les liens économiques entre pays. Ce cadre est étendu au chapitre 3 pour intégrer la fiscalité, ce qui nous permet de rendre compte de la plupart des faits de court terme. Finalement, les chapitres 4 et 5 s'intéressent à la problématique liée à la croissance économique ainsi qu'à l'évolution tendancielle du temps du travail d'équilibre. En tenant compte des rigidités présentes sur le marché du travail, nous fournissons une explication des phénomènes de long terme.
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Quintero, Rojas Coralia Azucena Langot François. "Essays on economic fluctuations, growth and the labor market performance : the impact of tax / benefit systems." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2008. http://cyberdoc.univ-lemans.fr/theses/2008/2008LEMA2001.pdf.
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Kainz, Aran. "Ut med det gamla, in med det nya : en studie om bristande arbetsprestation och ålder." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för ekonomistyrning och logistik (ELO), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-52078.
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An employee’s job performance does not necessarily decrease just because the employee gets older. But there is an anticipated correlation between reduced job performance and age with respect to certain job assignments. Along with an increased life expectancy in today’s society it’s important to promote equal opportunities regardless of age. The purpose of this thesis is to clarify under witch circumstances a dismissal due to insufficient work performance is justified. Furthermore this thesis purpose is to clarify how current legislation affects elderly’s position on the Swedish labour market when it comes to dismissal due to insufficient work performance. Even though Swedish and EU provision protect senior employees rights to some extent, there are still gaps in the legislation that can disfavour elderly´s possibilities to maintain their employment. In order to answer the research questions at issue a traditional legal dogmatic method is applied in combination with a sociological law perspective.
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Biegert, Thomas Verfasser], and Bernhard [Akademischer Betreuer] [Ebbinghaus. "Patterns of Non-employment: How Labour Market Institutions Shape Social Inequality in Employment Performance in Europe / Thomas Biegert. Betreuer: Bernhard Ebbinghaus." Mannheim : Universitätsbibliothek Mannheim, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1067400346/34.
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Omer, Mirza, and Mathias Svensson. "Human and Ethnic capital : The labor market performance of first-, second-, and third generation male immigrants in Sweden." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för nationalekonomi och statistik (NS), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-85434.
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This essay studies the earnings, human and ethnic capital of immigrants in Sweden and how its transmitted across generations. it focuses on the first-, second-, and third-generation immigrants, were the results indicates that there are differences regarding earnings relative to natives between the generations and how the ethnic-, and human-capital is transmitted across generations. First-generation immigrants had an earning advantage relative to natives, meanwhile the second-, and third-generation faced a disadvantage. One conclusion is that the ethnic capital from the first-generation has a negative impact on the earnings of second-, and third-generation immigrants in Sweden. When measuring the ethnic capital from the second-generation immigrants, the results shows a positive influence on the earnings of the third-generation.
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Liu, Liqun. "Pre-market characteristics, gender wage disparities, and the performance of minorities in the United States labor market Application and comparison of non-parametric methodologies on a highly-educated sample /." Related electronic resource: Current Research at SU : database of SU dissertations, recent titles available full text, 2006. http://proquest.umi.com/login?COPT=REJTPTU0NWQmSU5UPTAmVkVSPTI=&clientId=3739.
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Wales, Philip David. "Essays in the economics of education : graduate specialisation, training and labour market outcomes in the context of disparities in local economic performance in the UK." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2012. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/439/.
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Spatial disparities in economic performance are amongst the most pervasive and persistent characteristics of modern economies. In the UK and across the EU, minimising regional inequalities is an objective of government policy. Yet analysis of how local differences in unemployment, earnings and industrial structure affect individual agents is not straightforward. Individual heterogeneity and sorting behaviour make separating the effects of agent attributes and regional characteristics difficult – a problem which is only compounded by the potential impact of unobserved individual heterogeneity. This thesis seeks to disentangle the effects of agent attributes – both observed and unobserved – from the effects of local labour markets in three individual level decisions made by graduates in the UK. The chapters examine (a) how agents choose which degree subject to study at university, (b) the determinants of postgraduate participation and (c) the likelihood of a graduate finding employment after completion. In this way, this thesis examines micro-level choices which affect the aggregate supply of skilled labour in the UK. The methodology I adopt permits conclusions to be drawn about how individual behaviour varies across observably different groups and offers insights into how local economic performance can shape the supply of skilled labour. I conclude that while agent attributes – including gender, ethnicity and prior academic attainment – are the most important determinants of an individual’s academic choices, economic circumstances have a significant, if smaller role to play. The results have several public policy implications, ranging from the impact of educational inequalities to the funding arrangements for postgraduate study in the UK.
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Spyropoulos, Dimitrios. "Analysis of career progression and job performance in internal labor markets : the case of federal civil service employees /." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2005. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion/05Mar%5FSpyropoulos.pdf.
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Rafael, José. "Avaliação do desempenho e análise do impacto sócio-económico do modelo de gestão do associativismo agrícola." Master's thesis, UTAD, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10198/1333.
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O nosso estudo foi orientado para estabelecer um perfil do modelo de gestão do
associativismo agrícola em Trás-os-Montes, para isso, foram seleccionados os concelhos
de Macedo de Cavaleiros e de Valpaços.
Caracterizada a actividade agrícola e a componente associativa, iniciamos a
investigação do nosso estudo de caso. O objecto de estudo? Todos os organismos de
natureza associativa sem fins lucrativos cujo interesse maior é a actividade agrícola como modo de vida.
O movimento associativo agrícola, de entre as diversas tipologias organizativas,
elegeu o cooperativismo e as associações do tipo laboral e patronal para defesa dos seus
interesses.
A informação financeira recolhida, permitiu analisar o impacto sócio – económico e
de avaliação do desempenho do modelo de gestão do associativismo agrícola, realizando
um estudo comparativo nos concelhos de Macedo de Cavaleiros e Valpaços.
O modelo de gestão, atravessa as práticas de gestão de qualquer organização, tendo o
movimento associativo revelado um modelo de gestão muito próximo do de Mercado no
movimento cooperativo e um modelo de gestão sem finalidade lucrativa nas associações
patronais. O impacto sócio-económico do movimento associativo agrícola, revelou uma
importância maior ao nível do papel de transformação/produção/comercialização no
modelo cooperativo e de prestação de serviços nas associações patronais. Outro impacto significativo, diz respeito ao efeito redistribuidor da riqueza, sob a forma de rendimentos do trabalho e em escala não materialmente relevante ao nível da colecta de impostos indirectos. A avaliação do desempenho é genericamente positiva, mas com cenários distintos, o cooperativismo apresenta indicadores positivos, mas as associações patronais revelam um desempenho negativo com graves dificuldades ao nível dos resultados operacionais, em que entenda-se, deveriam coincidir com os objectivos estatutários. No âmbito da avaliação do desempenho, foram analisados os mapas de quadro de pessoal,tendo-se estabelecido o perfil do trabalhador associativo, marcado por salários baixos e baixas qualificações, mas que analisado por tipologia se verifica uma melhoria nestes indicadores nas associações patronais para níveis perfeitamente aceitáveis. Our study it was guided to establish a profile of the model of management of the
agricultural associative organizations in Trás-os-Montes, for this, had been selected the
communities of Macedo de Cavaleiros and Valpaços.
Characterized the agricultural activity and the associative component, we initiate the
inquiry of our study of case. Object of study? All the organisms of associative nature
without lucrative ends whose bigger interest is the agricultural activity as life way.
The agricultural associative movement, of between the diverse organizatives
typologies, chose the cooperatives and the associations of the labour and patron type for
defence of its interests. The collected financial information, allowed to analyze the impact
social and economic and of evaluation of the performance of the model of management of
the agricultural associative movement, carrying through a comparative study in the
communities of Macedo de Cavaleiros and Valpaços.
The management model crosses practical of management of the any organization,
having associative movement disclosed to a model of management very next to the one of
Market in the cooperative movement and a model of management without lucrative
purpose in the association’s patrons. The social and economic impact of agricultural
associative movement, disclosed a bigger importance to the level of the paper of
transformation, production and commerce in the cooperative model and rendering of
services in the associations patrons. Another significant impact, says respect to the
redistributing effect of the wealth, under the form of incomes of the work and in scale not
materially relevant to the level of collect of indirectness taxes. The evaluation of the
performance is generically positive, but with distinct scenes, the cooperatives presents
positive pointers, but the associations patrons, disclose a negative performance with
serious difficulties to the level of the operational results, where it is understood, they
would have to coincide with the statutory objectives. In the scope of the evaluation of the
performance, the maps of personnel had been analyzed, having themselves established the
profile of the associative worker’s, marked, for low wages and low qualifications, but that
analyzed for typology, an improvement in these pointers in the associations patrons for perfectly acceptable levels is verified.
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Van, der Merwe Nadia. "The relationship between psychological well-being and academic performance of university students / Nadia van der Merwe." Thesis, North-West University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/1056.
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Emotional intelligence is a relatively new and growing area of behavioural research, which
stimulated the imagination of the general public, the commercial world and the scientific
community. Only a few studies have been done on the relationship between emotional
intelligence and academic performance. The objective of this study was to determine the
relationship of emotional intelligence, optimism, life satisfaction and self-efficacy, as well as the
validity and reliability of these measures on a sample of university students. Further objectives
included conceptualising emotional intelligence, optimism, life satisfaction, self-efficacy, wellbeing
and academic performance and determining the validity and reliability of the 33-item
measurement of emotional intelligence (SEIS) for a sample of potential future employees in
economical sciences professions. The results obtained from this study will help organisations
determine the level of emotional intelligence and well-being of their future workforce, in order to
implement certain interventions to improve it.
A cross-sectional survey design was used for this study. A sample of 341 students was used for
this study, but only 324 of the responses could be utilised. The participants (N = 324) were
students within the field of economics. 1 17 Students were from the Vanderbijlpark Campus and
207 students were from the Potchefstroom Campus. The Schutte Emotional Intelligence Scale,
Life Orientation Test Revised, Satisfaction with Life Scale, and the General Perceived Self-
Efficacy Scale were administered. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyse the
statistical data.
The results obtained from the SEIS proved this measuring instrument to be valid and reliable.
By using the multiple linear regression analysis approach, a six dimensional factor structure for
emotional intelligence among students emerged, which supported earlier conceptions in this
regard.
The results showed that Interpersonal factors consisted of Positive Affect, Emotions-Others,
Happy Emotions, Emotions-Own, Non-Verbal Emotions and Emotional Control. Intrapersonal
factors consisted of Self-Efficacy, Life Satisfaction and Optimism.
Self-efficacy, Life satisfaction, Optimism, Pessimism, Positive Affect, Emotion-Others, Happy
Emotions, Emotion-Own, Non-Verbal Emotions and Emotional Control, predict 16% of the
variance in Academic Performance. Significant predictors of Academic Performance are Life
Satisfaction, Optimism, Pessimism and Emotions-Others.
A second order factor analysis was done on the factors of the SEIS, LOT-R, GPSES, and the
SWLS. Two factors were extracted explaining 50,95% of the variance. These factors were
called Interpersonal Factors and Intrapersonal Factors. On the Intrapersonal Factor, the
following factors loaded: Emotions-Others, Happy Emotions, Emotions-Own and Non-Verbal
Emotions. Self-Efficacy, Life Satisfaction and Optimism, Positive Affect and Emotional Control
loaded on the Interpersonal Factor. It is evident from the above that psychological well-being
consisted out of two dimensions namely Interpersonal and Intrapersonal aspects.
Positive Affect is significantly positively related (large effect) to Optimism and Self-Efficacy
and significantly positive related (medium effect) to Emotions-Others, Happy Emotions,
Emotions-Own, Non-Verbal Emotions and Emotional Control. Emotions-Others is significantly
positively related (medium effect) to Happy Emotions, Emotions-Own and Self-Efficacy. Happy
Emotions is significantly positively related (medium effect) to Emotions-Own, Non-Verbal
Emotions, Emotional Control, Optimism and Self-Efficacy. Emotions-Own is significantly
positively related (medium effect) to Non-verbal Emotions, Emotional Control, Optimism and
Self-Efficacy. Non-verbal Emotions significantly positively related (medium effect) to
Emotional Control and Self-Efficacy.
Emotional Control significantly positively related (large effect) to Self-Efficacy and significantly
positively related (medium effect) to Optimism and Life Satisfaction. Optimism significantly
positively related (medium effect) to Life Satisfaction and Self-Efficacy.
Pessimism is significantly negatively related (medium effect) to Life Satisfaction and Self-
Efficacy. Life satisfaction is significantly positively related (medium effect) to Self-Efficacy and
Academic Performance.
Recommendations for future research were made.Thesis (M.A. (Industrial Psychology))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2006.
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Keizer, Arjan B. "The changing logic of Japanese employment practices: A firm-level analysis of four industries." Thesis, Erasmus University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/3727.
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YesIn previous decades, the perception of Japan¿s employment practices has been strongly intertwined with its economic fortunes. From the 1970s, Japan¿s employment practices came to be seen as one of the cornerstones of its economic success. However, this perception changed, albeit with a substantial delay, when the economy proved incapable of returning to its former path of growth after the `bubble¿ burst at the end of the 1980s. Like so many of its economic institutions, the employment practices became the subject of substantial criticism in a debate on the revitalisation of Japan¿s economy. This study takes its position within this debate by discussing the likelihood, character, and economic consequences of change. Environmental changes, like the ageing of the population and the substantial decrease in economic growth, require Japanese firms to adapt their human resource management. However, the embeddedness of national practices limits the scope of firms to make these adjustments; and change is determined by the dialectics between their strategies and existing practices. The firm, as an institution, thus experiences the impact of both the embedded employment practices and the economic impact of environmental changes. Accordingly, it is at the centre of this study. Theories of the firm are used to discuss the contribution of employment practices on efficiency, capabilities, and competitive strength. Case-studies from four different industries ¿ automobile, electronics, construction, and retailing ¿ describe the adaptations made by individual firms. Subsequently, these findings constitute the basis for a discussion of industry-specific employment practices and provide an answer to whether developments such as the rise in performance-based pay and labour mobility have altered the logic of Japanese employment practices.
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Soliveres, Anne-Victoria. "Le salarié dans la compétition." Thesis, Paris 2, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA020032.
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La compétition et la compétitivité ne doivent pas être exclusivement étudiées sous l’angle de l’entreprise. A l’instar de la matière économique, le droit du travail a su s’en emparer afin d’instaurer un cadre régulateur et protecteur pour les salariés. Son intervention n’est toutefois pas uniforme et s’adapte aux compétitions rencontrées. La première s’organise en amont de la conclusion du contrat de travail et oppose des demandeurs d’emploi. Elle est marquée par un déséquilibre et une inégalité manifestes que le droit du travail cherche à atténuer. Dans la seconde compétition, se rencontrent des entreprises souhaitant préserver et dynamiser leur compétitivité. Toutefois, les droits des salariés ne doivent pas être sacrifiés sur l’autel de la performance. Une intervention du droit du travail est là encore exigée. Ainsi, dans chacune de ces compétitions, des garde-fous sont érigés permettant d’offrir aux salariés, actuels ou en devenir, des garanties appropriéesCompetition and competitiveness should not be exclusively reviewed through the prism of companies. In the manner of economic matter, labour law was able to seize these notions, in order to establish a protective regulatory framework of the employees’ interests. Nonetheless, its intervention is not unvarying, and manages to adapt itself to the encountered competitions. Firstly, it can be found before the conclusion of the contract of employment, and brings into opposition job seekers against one another. It is marked by a disequilibrium and a patent inequality which labour law seeks to level. In the second type of competition, companies wishing to preserve and uplift their competitiveness meet. However, employees’ rights ought not to be sacrificed on the altar of performance. There again, an intervention of labour law is required. Thus, in each of those competitions, legal safeguards are erected, permitting the access for current or soon-to-be employed workers, to suitable guarantees
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Bock, Sébastien. "Transatlantic employment performances and job polarization." Thesis, Paris 1, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020PA01E062.
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Cette thèse explore les implications du progrès technique et de la fiscalité du travail sur les performances de l'emploi en France et aux États-Unis au cours des quatre dernières décennies. Le chapitre 1 évalue dans quelle mesure les différences de structures sociodémographiques et professionnelles entre pays expliquent le déficit d'emploi français. Ce déficit ne reflète pas seulement un marché du travail déficient, mais aussi une réallocation du travail qui affecte les perspectives d'emploi et les décisions de participation de groupes sociodémographiques spécifiques. Le chapitre 2 étudie les déterminants des performances d'emploi non qualifié en France entre 1982 et 2008. Le progrès technique et les politiques de taxation du travail sont essentiels pour appréhender la détérioration de l'emploi non qualifié. La réallocation de la main-d'œuvre non qualifiée des emplois de routiniers vers les emplois manuels induite par le progrès technique est en partie entravée par la présence du secteur non marchand. La fiscalité du travail interagit avec le progrès technique en modifiant la valeur des emplois non qualifiés par rapport au travail non marchand. Le chapitre 3 étudie les implications des chocs technologiques routiniers sur les fluctuations économiques entre 1989 et 2017 aux États-Unis. Il évalue leur impact en estimant un modèle VAR structurel. Les chocs technologiques biaises en défaveur des tâches routinières expliquent les effets récessifs des chocs technologiques sur les heures travaillées. Ces chocs apparaissent quantitativement pertinents et génèrent des fluctuations reconnaissables du cycle économiqueThis thesis explores the implications of technological change and labor taxation for employment performances in France and the U.S. over the past four decades. Chapter 1 delves into transatlantic employment performances. It measures the extent to which cross-country discrepancies in socio-demographic and occupational structures account for the transatlantic employment gap over time. The French employment deficit does not only reflect a disfunctioning labor market but also the occupational reallocation of labor that affects the employment prospects and participation decisions of specific socio-demographic groups. Chapter 2 investigates the determinants of unskilled employment outcomes in France between 1982 and 2008. Technological change and labor taxation policies are pivotal to grasp the deterioration of unskilled employment. The reallocation of unskilled labor from routine jobs towards manual jobs induced by technological change is partly obstructed by the presence of a nonmarket sector. Labor taxation interacts with technological change by distorting the value of unskilled jobs with respect to non-market work. Chapter 3 studies the implications of routine-biased technological shocks for aggregate fluctuations between 1989 and 2017 in the U.S. It assesses the effects of technological shocks by estimating a structural VAR mode! with long-run exclusion and sign restrictions. Routine-biased technology shocks account for the recessionary effects of technological shocks on hours worked. These shocks appear quantitatively relevant and generate recognizable business cycle fluctuations
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Brodmann, Jennifer L. "Regulatory Repercussions in Finance." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2018. https://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/2444.
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This dissertation examines the impact of regulation and public policies on firm performance. Chapter 1, entitled “Political Contributions, Insider Trading, and CEO Compensation”, determines why CEOs from politically-connected firms receive higher pay compared to their non-politically connected peers. We investigate whether insider trading can explain high CEO pay. Using hand-collected firm-level lobbying data, we examine whether politically-connected CEOs engage in insider trading after sponsored bills are introduced and passed in the U.S. legislative bodies. Our results show that politically-connected CEOs commit insider trading, which yields higher compensation packages. In addition, we also find that lobbying benefits firm performance. Politically-connected firms receive more government contracts, which increases firm value. Overall, political contributions benefit both CEOs and shareholders. Chapter 2, entitled “The Impact of Incarceration on Firm Performance” conducts analyses on the impact of incarceration on firms based in the United States. Through time series Granger Causality Vector Autoregression (VAR) tests by state, we find that incarceration can influence labor markets measured by the state’s unemployment rate. We find that firms based in states with high incarceration underperform compared to firms based in states with low incarceration. This also holds true when examining prison reform data from the Pew Charitable Trust. Through differences in differences tests, we find that firms based in states with prison reform outperform firms based in states without prison reform. When controlling for firm and state macroeconomic factors, we find that increases in incarceration rates have a negative effect on firm performance.
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Kra, Koffi. "An evaluation study of the education and training of civil engineers in the Cote d'Ivoire : with reference to the Higher National School of Public Works (Enstp) and to the graduates performance on the labour market." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1991. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/10020191/.
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This thesis is an evaluation study of the outcomes of the education and training of civil engineers in the Cote d'Ivoire. It examines the ways in which the training system in operation at the Higher National School of Public Works (Enstp) has or has not achieved its objectives in supplying the labour market with the requisite technical manpower. It focuses on three main questions: 1.) To what extent can the skills acquired during training be described as relevant for employment? 2.) What factors, if any, influence the relationship between training and work? 3.) What measures can be taken to achieve a better match between training qualifications and the skill requirements of jobs? The conceptual framework adopted, seen as a working hypothesis rather than a paradigm, and referred to as combination theory, draws on existing approaches to the issue at stake according to their relevance for the points raised. In this way, it seeks to compensate for their limitations when applied in isolation. The methods used for data collection and analysis are mainly qualitative, though comprising some basic statistics. From the analysis of data, collected in a questionnaire survey and interviews involving respectively 93 Enstp graduates and 47 employers, there appears to be a consensus between all parties concerned that training qualifications are relevant for professional practice. The weaknesses observed are described as insufficient practical experience in some engineering subjects (e.g. engineering design), and lack of general education as well as skills in the management of financial resources, pub1ic administration and language. A number of factors associated with working conditions, the socio-political environment of workplaces and behaviour, are quoted as causing distortions in the relationships between training and jobs. These include recruitment and placement procedures, unclear job description and career structure, imperfect reward systems, rigid hierarchies and inter-personal conflicts. In the light of the information thus derived from the survey and the interviews, it is suggested that measures should be taken to turn the Enstp into a "centre of specialization" catering for all initial and in-service training needs in the engineering profession and operating as a training and research institution for all Francophone countries. This requires some adjustments to existing training programmes and changes in the rules regulating the planning, management and financing of training. It is also recommended that measures be taken in workplaces to ensure that "the right persons get access to the right jobs".
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Heyman, Fredrik. "Empirical studies on wages, firm performance and job turnover." Doctoral thesis, Stockholm : Economic Research Institute, Stockholm School of Economics [Ekonomiska forskningsinstitutet vid Handelshögsk.] (EFI), 2002. http://www.hhs.se/efi/summary/601.htm.
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Naamane, Farouk. "Le professionnalisme de la main-d’oeuvre et la performance économique de l’entreprise : analyse économétrique des données d’une enseigne française de grande distribution." Thesis, Université de Lille (2018-2021), 2021. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/ToutIDP/EDSESAM/2021/2021LILUA025.pdf.
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Après une phase de forte croissance, suivie d’une phase d’élargissement des bases d’une croissance extensive, l’hypermarché français traverse une crise profonde et est entré dans une phase d’érosion de ses parts de marché à partir de la fin des années 1990. De nombreux facteurs peuvent expliquer ce déclin, mais la concurrence intense par les prix des formats concurrents en demeure la principale cause.Contrairement au modèle traditionnel dominant d’hypermarché fondé sur la concurrence par les prix et l’offre d’un minimum de services du fait d’un libre-service généralisé et systématique, un nouveau modèle qualitatif d'hypermarché semble émerger dans le secteur de la grande distribution alimentaire afin de regagner le terrain perdu. S’il maintient l’appel de la clientèle à l’aide de prix bas via les rayons/secteurs de libre-service, considéré comme une contrainte incontournable, il repose aussi à présent sur la différenciation par la qualité de service à travers les rayons/secteurs de vente assistée. Le succès de ce modèle nécessite par conséquent une augmentation du niveau de professionnalisme de la main-d’œuvre.Si les hypothèses centrales des théories du capital humain et des marchés internes du travail suggèrent que le professionnalisme des salariés a un effet positif sur la performance économique de l’entreprise, ce lien direct dans le cas des hypermarchés fait toutefois rarement l’objet d’une vérification empirique. Pour mettre en évidence empiriquement ce lien, nous avons analysé économétriquement, en utilisant une fonction de production Cobb-Douglas, le rapport existant entre la performance commerciale et le degré de professionnalisme de la main-d’œuvre dans les différents secteurs commerciaux (1043) des 119 hypermarchés d’une enseigne française de la grande distribution alimentaire.Les résultats de l’analyse empirique sont riches et originaux et intéresseront tant les spécialistes de l’économie de la distribution que les gestionnaires. Les données montrent principalement le lien incontestablement positif entre le professionnalisme et la performance économique des différents secteurs commerciaux, et cela, paradoxalement, qu’il s’agisse des ceux en libre service ou en vente assistée. Ils soutiennent ainsi l’hypothèse selon laquelle la hausse de la qualité de service peut être une stratégie payante pour les hypermarchés. Ils montrent également l’existence d’un modèle alternatif de GRH où les employés du secteur de la grande distribution accumulent plus de capital humain et sont plus qualifiés. Ces résultats sont importants, ils doivent conduire à inciter les acteurs du secteur à investir dans la professionnalisation de leur main-d’œuvre et confirment l’intérêt d’offrir aux salariés, dans le cadre d’un marché interne actif, des perspectives de progression de leur situation et de leur rémunération. Ils sont un argument, pour les dirigeants de ces groupes, en faveur d’une stratégie de « montée en gamme par la qualité » comme voie de sortie de la crise actuelle du modèle classique de l’hypermarché. Enfin, cette thèse fournit aux chercheurs une approche méthodologique pertinente et met en évidence de nombreuses contributions aux champs théoriques et empiriques, ainsi que des recommandations managériales pour les firmes de distributionAfter a phase of strong growth, followed by a phase of broadening the basis for extensive growth, the French hypermarket is going through a deep crisis and has entered a phase of erosion of its market share since the end of the 1990s. Many factors can explain this decline, but intense price competition from competing formats remains the main cause.Contrary to the traditional dominant hypermarket model based on price competition and the offer of a minimum of services due to a generalized and systematic self-service, a new qualitative hypermarket model seems to be emerging in the food retail sector in order to regain lost ground. If it maintains the appeal of the customers with low prices via the self-service floors/sectors, considered as an unavoidable constraint, it is now also based on the differentiation by the quality of service through the assisted sales floors/sectors. The success of this model therefore requires an increase in the level of professionalism of the workers.While the central hypotheses of human capital and internal labor market theories suggest that employee professionalism has a positive effect on the firm economic performance, this direct link in the case of hypermarkets is rarely verified empirically. In order to empirically demonstrate this link, we have analyzed econometrically, using a Cobb-Douglas production function, the relationship between business performance and the degree of professionalism of the workers in the different sectors (1043) of 119 hypermarkets of a French retailer firm.The results of the empirical analysis are rich and original and will be of interest to distribution economics specialists as well as to managers. The data mainly show the undeniably positive link between the professionalism and the economic performance in the different commercial sectors, and this, paradoxically, whether it is self-service or assisted sales. They thus support the hypothesis that increasing service quality can be a profitable strategy for hypermarkets. They also show the existence of an alternative model of HRM where hypermarket employees accumulate more human capital and are more qualified. These results are important. They should lead to an incentive for retail players to invest in the professionalization of their workforce and confirm the interest in offering employees, within the framework of an active internal market, prospects for career development and their remuneration. They are also an argument, for the leaders of these groups, in favor of a strategy of "upmarket through quality" as a way out of the current crisis of the classic hypermarket model. Finally, this thesis provides researchers a relevant methodological approach and highlights numerous contributions to theoretical and empirical fields, as well as managerial recommendations for retail firms
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Araújo, Antonio José Negreiros. "Ensino profissionalizante de nível médio e seus efeitos sobre desempenho escolar e inserção produtiva: uma análise recente a partir de dados do Censo Escolar e ENEM." Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, 2014. https://repositorio.ufjf.br/jspui/handle/ufjf/871.
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CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
Uma das metas do milênio para o Brasil é a melhora dos indicadores educacionais. Embora nas últimas duas décadas o acesso à educação em todos os níveis tenha aumentado, a qualidade desse ensino ainda é considerada baixa segundo as avaliações de desempenho internas e externas. Nesse contexto, insere-se a educação profissional e tecnológica (EPT) de nível médio. Este tipo de formação pode ser realizada integrada ou subsequente ao ensino regular, assumindo, na maioria das vezes, um caráter de transição para as universidades, no primeiro caso, e, para o mercado de trabalho, no segundo. Nessa dissertação, a EPT será caracterizada quanto à composição de gênero, cor, modalidades de ensino, dependência administrativa, unidades da federação, oferta, demanda e número de residentes e não residentes, por meio da base de dados do Censo Escolar de 2007 a 2012. Estima-se, com base no método de pareamento com escore de propensão, o efeito médio da EPT sobre o desempenho escolar e a inserção produtiva para os tratados, ou melhor, para aqueles que optaram pela EPT. O desempenho escolar é medido pela proficiência nas provas de Ciências da Natureza, Ciências Humanas, Linguagem e Códigos, Matemática e Redação presentes na avaliação do ENEM em 2009 e 2010. A inserção produtiva é medida pelas probabilidades de estar trabalhando e de trabalhar na área para a qual se preparou. Essas variáveis foram criadas a partir do questionário socioeconômico do ENEM de 2009 e 2010. Pelo método de pareamento do “vizinho mais próximo”, o efeito médio de realizar EPT para os alunos que realizaram, em relação aos alunos da escola regular, é positivo e significativo nas notas de Linguagens e Códigos e Redação, respectivamente, de 4,48 e 13,44 pontos no escore padronizados. O método de estratificação confirma o efeito médio positivo, respectivamente, de 4,28 e 13,08 . O efeito médio de realizar EPT para aqueles que realizaram sobre a inserção produtiva está entre 1,2 e 1,3 pontos percentuais para a probabilidade de trabalhar e de 17 pontos percentuais para a probabilidade de trabalhar em área para o qual se preparou. Esses resultados referem-se ao modelo completo para 2009.
One of the millennium goals for Brazil is improving educational outcomes. Although the access to education at all levels has increased in the last two decades, the quality of Brazilian education is still considered low by internal and external evaluations. In this context, it is important to discuss the role of the vocational and technical education and training (VTET) of middle level. This type of training can be integrated or made subsequent to regular education. It the first case, it is characterized as a transition to the university, while in the second case, it improves the access to the labor market. In this dissertation, we explore the Censo Escolar database from years 2007 to 2012, and ENEM database, from years 2009-2010, both collected by Inep. This study evaluates the effects of technical and vocational education and training (TVET) on the mid-level proficiency and productive insertion of the student. The results of the estimates with propensity score matching show an average treatment effect between 4 and 13.5 points in the standardized score of Language and Writing, respectively. There are also significant effects on the productive insertion, on average, there is an increase between 1.2 and 1.3 percentage points in the probability of being employed, and 17 percentage points in the probability of being employed in their area of technical education and training, for TVET students comparing to other students.
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Pillon, Jean-Marie. "Les rendements du chômage : mesures du travail et travail de mesure à Pôle emploi." Thesis, Paris 10, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA100041/document.
Full textAbstract:
Cette thèse a pour objectif de saisir les modalités d’intervention de Pôle emploi sur le marché du travail, depuis sa naissance en 2009. Au sein de l’opérateur public de placement, les interactions entre le travail des gestionnaires et celui des conseillers constituent le cœur de cette recherche. Testant l’hypothèse selon laquelle les réformes successives des administrations auraient modifié le statut du chiffre dans l’action publique, l’auteur étudie les mécanismes par lesquels l’Etat s’autorise à objectiver les résultats de son intervention sur le marché du travail. Fondé sur une observation du travail d’accompagnement et sur des entretiens avec les cadres de Pôle Emploi, ce travail éclaire les pratiques quotidiennes de mesure de l’efficacité de l’Etat. Deux pressions s’exercent sur les agents de Pôle emploi : l’une provient des objectifs imposés par les tutelles et l’autre de l’augmentation du nombre de demandeurs d’emploi. L’enquête analyse les bricolages élaborés par les agents pour résoudre ces tensions. L’activité des conseillers à l’emploi apparaît, sous cet angle, comme un travail de catégorisation visant à valoriser chacun des 5,5 millions d’inscrits dans trois langages distincts : celui du marché, celui des prestations d’aide à la recherche d’emploi et celui du droit du travail. Les conseillers éprouvent alors la contradiction entre l’individualisation des politiques d’activation des dépenses de chômage et le caractère collectif du sous-emploi actuel. Cette thèse rend ainsi intelligible le décalage entre le volontarisme politique en matière de lutte contre le chômage et le sentiment d’impuissance des agents de l’Etat mandatés pour mener cette lutteThis thesis deals with unemployment policies and focuses on the mutual influence of management accountants and counselors in the French one stop shop for job seekers, “Pôle emploi”. Our work tests the hypothesis that administration reforms have changed the role of statistics and accounting in policies. Based on observation of the counselors’ work and on interviews with executives of Pôle Emploi, this work sheds light on the mechanisms through which the central State measures its results on the labor market. Counselors undergo two different pressures: one derived from performance targets set by the State and the other from the increasing number of job seekers. The thesis analyzes the Arts and crafts developed by counselors to solve these tensions. From this perspective, the counselors’ work looks like a categorization activity enabling them to sort the 5.5 million unemployed in accordance with three separate scales: the labor law, the labor market, and the institutional solutions to improve employability. Counselors then experience contradictions between individualized activation policies and the macro-economic nature of the current number of unemployed. Thus, our work dissects the gap between great politicians’ addresses and civil servants’ feeling of powerlessness
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Fjellman-Lätt, Åsa. "Låt oss framåt gå att vår framtid trygga! : En studie av sociala konfrontationer, konfliktrepertoarer och klassformering inom arbetarrörelsen i Åmål." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Institutionen för samhälls- och kulturvetenskap (from 2013), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-83460.
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1900-talets början var en tid med olika arbetsmarknadskonflikter. Det förekom strejker, demonstrationer, kravaller och agitationsmöten. Dessa konflikter utspelade sig i ett samhälle där arbetarrörelsen började organisera sig alltmer i fackföreningar och i arbetarkommuner för att få politiskt inflytande och inflytande över sin arbetssituation. Det gjorde att arbetarrörelsen hamnade i sociala konfrontationer med omgivning, myndigheter och arbetsgivare. Syftet med uppsatsen är att undersöka kopplingen mellan klassformering i ett identitetsperspektiv och framväxten av konfliktrepertoarer i det tidiga 1900-talets fackliga organisationssträvanden. Frågeställningarna utgår från att identifiera konfliktrepertoarer i sociala konfrontationer och vilka av dessa som används för att skapa klassamhörighet i olika sociala, fackliga och politiska sammanhang. För att studera sociala konfrontationer, konfliktrepertoarer och identitetsskapande inom arbetarrörelsen har källmaterial efter fackföreningar vid Bergslagernas järnvägar i Åmål använts. Uppsatsen är ett bidrag till arbetarhistoria och källmaterialet undersöks utifrån teorin i forskningsfältet Contentious Politics Studies. Uppsatsen har även en ikonografisk ansats eftersom källmaterialet innehåller visuella uttryck. I undersökningen har fyra olika sociala konfrontationer identifierats. Dessa är: Agitation och politisk mobilisering 1908 - 1911, Oskar Lundströms avskedande 1909, Lokmannastrejken 1919 och Den stora järnvägsstrejken 1922. Ett antal konfliktrepertoarer identifieras och uppsatsens resultat är att konfliktrepertoarerna utvecklas och förfinas över tid. Kraven blir mer tydligt formulerade och handlingar tillsammans med visuell kultur stärker den politiska identiteten. Konfliktrepertoarer, handlingar och identiteter blir därigenom meningsskapande i klassformeringen.The beginning of the 20th century was a time of various labor market conflicts. There were strikes, demonstrations, riots and agitation meetings. These conflicts took place in a society where the labor movement began to organize itself in trade unions in order to gain political influence and influence over their work situation. As a result, the labor movement ended up in confrontations with the environment, authorities and employers. The main purpose of the essay is to investigate the connection between class affiliation in an identity perspective and the emergence of contentious repertoires in the early 20th century trade union organizational efforts. The essay is based on theories of Contentious Politics Studies. The investigated material is archives of trade unions at Bergslagernas railways in Åmål. Four different contentious politics have been identified. These are: 1. Agitation and political mobilization 1908 - 1911, 2. Oskar Lundström's dismissal 1909, 2. The engine driver strike in 1919 and 4. The great railway strike in 1922. The result of the essay is that the contentious repertoires are developed and refined over time. The claim making are more clearly formulated and contentious performances together with visual culture strengthen the political identity. Contentious repertoires, contentious performances and political identities thereby create meaning in class affiliation.
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"Executive Labor Market Segmentation: How Local Market Density Affects Incentives and Performance." Doctoral diss., 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2286/R.I.44175.
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abstract: I study how the density of executive labor markets affects managerial incentives and thereby firm performance. I find that U.S. executive markets are locally segmented rather than nationally integrated, and that the density of a local market provides executives with non-compensation incentives. Empirical results show that in denser labor markets, executives face stronger performance-based dismissal threats as well as better outside opportunities. These incentives result in higher firm performance in denser markets, especially when executives have longer career horizons. Using state-level variation in the enforceability of covenants not to compete, I find that the positive effects of market density on incentive alignment and firm performance are stronger in markets where executives are freer to move. This evidence further supports the argument that local labor market density works as an external incentive alignment mechanism.Dissertation/Thesis
Doctoral Dissertation Business Administration 2017
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Hsiao, Chen-Yu, and 蕭鎮宇. "The impact of academic interest and university major on labor market performance." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/82637809938237615988.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺灣大學
經濟學研究所
104
In this study, I tried to find the association between academic interest of university freshman and labor market performance. This study combined College Entrance Examination Data and administration data of labor insurance from Ministry of Labor to acquire academic interest and labor market performance of the same individual. I separated the samples into three groups- students whose major matched their academic interest, students whose major did not match their academic interest, and students with no academic interest. I estimated the payoff of academic interest for each department. The empirical result could not confirm that students whose major matched their academic interest received higher wage. However, I found that the preceding impact was weaker in the fields or departments which are traditionally preferred by parents. This phenomenon suggested that parents’ preference might play an important role in the decision of degree choice.
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Lai, Ching-Ying, and 賴靜瑩. "Factors Relating to the Labor Market Performance of Newly Employed Graduates of Technological Colleges." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/66472258113082366279.
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碩士國立雲林科技大學
技術及職業教育研究所碩士班
100
This study explores the factors that influence the performance in employments of technological college graduates. Here we talk about their learning experiences include academic achievement, the experience in learning second specialty, part-time job experiences on- and off-campus, student organizational activities and acquisition of technician certificates. We compare their learning experience with their wage level, job satisfaction and occupational classification. The objective of this study was to:(a) understand the current situation of the technological college graduates’ lobar market outcomes；(b) discuss the relationships between the learning experiences in college and the labor market performance of technological college graduates. This study analysis the "Taiwan Integrated Postsecondary Education Database" surveyed the graduates at 2002 school year in Taiwan by the secondary database. Research panel meter 2,361, public school graduates 564 people, private school graduates 1,797 people, females sample 1,854 people, male sample of 507 people. In this study, statistical analysis included descriptive statistics and multiple hierarchical regression analysis. The major findings were summarized as follows: I. The more public technological college graduate’s profession relates his employment content, the higher wage levels he gets, but the job satisfaction and occupational classification is not significant. II. The level of salary and job satisfaction are not differ in University of Science and Technology graduates and technical college graduates, but in the occupational classification of the former is higher than the latter. III. There is no impact of gender at the job satisfaction, but male graduates’ wage level or occupational classifications’ effect is higher than female graduates’. IV. There are not impact of wage level, job satisfaction and occupational classification at Parents'' education level. V. Although the average hours of work per week positively affects one’s wage level, it is negative correlation one’s job satisfaction. it shows no correlation with occupational classification. VI. The more technological college graduate’s profession relates his employment content, the higher wage levels, job satisfaction and occupational classification he gets. VII. There is no significant in the one’s labor market performance in academic achievement, the experience in learning second specialty, part-time job experiences on- and off-campus during ones learning period in technological graduate. VIII. The more attend club activity of technological colleges gets the higher job satisfaction. Has one’s been a club leader was not significantly related to the labor market performance during colleges in technological graduates. IX. Acquisition of class B or acquisition of class A technician certificates positively affects job satisfaction only, it doesn’t matter with wage level, while acquisition of class C technician certificates cause the contrary affects. Merely acquisition of class C technician certificates turns in lower wage level than those acquire nothing, but it doesn’t affect their job satisfaction. Finally, based on these results, this study also provides some suggestions on experience-learning, labor market performance as well as future research.
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"The labor market performance of new migrants form the Mainland: the effect of social networks." 2006. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b5892848.
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Hung Wai San.Thesis submitted in: July 2005.
Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2006.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 107-115).
Abstracts and questionnaires in English and Chinese.
ABSTRACT --- p.ii-iii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS --- p.iv
TABLE OF CONTENTS --- p.vi
LIST OF TABLES --- p.vii
LIST OF FIGURES --- p.viii
Chapter Chapter 1. --- The background and the orientation of the research --- p.1
Chapter 1. --- The background --- p.1
Chapter 2. --- Research objectives and research questions --- p.9
Chapter 3. --- Organization of the thesis --- p.10
Chapter Chapter 2. --- Social network and the labor marker performance of new migrants --- p.12
Chapter 1. --- Introduction --- p.12
Chapter 2. --- The concept of social network --- p.13
Chapter 3. --- The characteristics of social network --- p.14
Chapter A) --- The strength of ties --- p.15
Chapter B) --- Network structure and composition --- p.17
Chapter 4. --- The importance of social networks in the labor market performance of new migrants --- p.19
Chapter A) --- The importance of social networks in the labor market performance compared with other job searching methods --- p.21
Chapter B) --- The importance of social networks in the labor market performance compared with human capital --- p.23
Chapter 5. --- The analytical framework --- p.26
Chapter 6. --- Conclusion --- p.28
Chapter Chapter 3. --- Methodology --- p.31
Chapter 1. --- Introduction --- p.31
Chapter 2. --- Target population --- p.31
Chapter 3. --- Sampling --- p.32
Chapter 4. --- Data issues --- p.34
Chapter 5. --- Focuses of the questionnaire --- p.44
Chapter 6. --- Focuses of the interviews and focus group discussions --- p.46
Chapter 7. --- Data analysis --- p.48
Chapter 8. --- Conclusion --- p.50
Chapter Chapter 4. --- Survey Findings --- p.51
Chapter 1. --- Introduction --- p.51
Chapter 2. --- Demographic characteristics of the survey respondents --- p.51
Chapter 3. --- Employment performance of respondents in Hong Kong --- p.57
Chapter 4. --- Job searching details --- p.60
Chapter 5. --- Network Dimensions --- p.63
Chapter A) --- The network structure and composition --- p.63
Chapter B) --- The strength of network ties --- p.64
Chapter 6. --- The effects of social networks on the employment status --- p.67
Chapter 7. --- The effects of social networks on the quality of the first job --- p.70
Chapter 8. --- Conclusion --- p.71
Chapter Chapter 5. --- Explanation of the employment performance of Chinese new migrants --- p.73
Chapter 1. --- Introduction --- p.73
Chapter 2. --- The selectivity of Chinese new migrants --- p.74
Chapter 3. --- Economic environment and the poor labor market performance of Chinese new migrants --- p.74
Chapter 4. --- The limitations of social network on the labor market performance of Chinese new migrants --- p.80
Chapter 5. --- The low transferability of human capital and the labor market performance of Chinese new migrants --- p.90
Chapter 6. --- Conclusion --- p.93
Chapter Chapter 6. --- Conclusion --- p.95
Chapter 1. --- Summary of research findings --- p.95
Chapter 2. --- Academic contribution --- p.97
Chapter 3. --- Policy implication --- p.101
Bibliography --- p.107
Appendices --- p.116
Appendix 1-Chinese version of the questionnaire --- p.116
Appendix 2-English version of the questionnaire --- p.120
Appendix 3-Interview guide --- p.124
Appendix 4- Focus group discussion agenda --- p.126
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Luo, Lu. "Firm internal labor markets, flexible staffing, high performance work systems, and training in the United States." 2002. http://purl.galileo.usg.edu/uga%5Fetd/luo%5Flu%5F200205%5Fma.
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Paiva, Pedro Tomás Neto. "How the changes in the demand and supply of graduates and postgraduates have been shaping their labor market performance?" Master's thesis, 2021. https://hdl.handle.net/10216/136773.
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Fowkes, Lisa. "Settler-state ambitions and bureaucratic ritual at the frontiers of the labour market: Indigenous Australians and remote employment services 2011–2017." Phd thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/160842.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis explores how policy is enacted – in this case, the
Australian Government’s labour market program for remote
unemployed people, initially known as the Remote Jobs and
Communities Program (RJCP) and then the Community Development
Programme (CDP). It outlines the development and delivery of the
program from 2011, when the then Labor Government identified the
need for a specific remote employment program, placing the
employment participation of remote Indigenous people (who made up
over 80% of the remote unemployed) at centre stage. It examines
the changes that occurred to the program following the 2013
election of a Coalition Government, including the introduction of
‘continuous’ Work for the Dole.
The focus of the thesis is on how patterns of practice have
emerged in these programs, in particular: how providers have
responded; how frontline workers navigate their roles; and how
‘Work for the Dole’ actually operates. What emerges is a gulf
between bureaucratic and political ambitions for these programs
and the ways in which participants and frontline workers view and
enact them. This is more than a problem of poor implementation or
the subversions of street-level bureaucrats and clients. There is
evidence of a more fundamental failure of technologies of
settler-state government as they are applied to remote Indigenous
peoples. On the remote, intercultural frontiers of the labour
market, the limits of centralised attempts at ‘reform’ become
clear. Practices intended to tutor Indigenous people in the ways
of the labour market are emptied of meaning. The Indigenous
people who are the targets of governing efforts fail to conform
with desired behaviours of ‘self-governing’ citizens, even in
the face of escalating penalties. As a result, government
ambitions to transform the behaviours and subjectivities of
Indigenous people are reduced to bureaucratic rituals,
represented in numbers and graphs on computer screens in
Canberra.
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Dontigny, Morin Marie-Élaine. "Le cognitive enhancement en milieu universitaire : entre souffrance psychique individuelle, culture de performance et insécurités sociales." Thèse, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/15910.
Full textAbstract:
Ce projet de mémoire s’intéresse à la mise en relation du cognitive enhancement observé dans les universités occidentales contemporaines et de la société dans laquelle il s’insère. Nous avons voulu détacher la perspective du phénomène des analyses principalement orientées vers les programmes de sciences de la santé et de droit, ainsi que de l’approche quantitative, clinique, athéorique et somme toute moralisatrice qui lui est usuellement accordée afin d’explorer la nature des pratiques d’usages de psychotropes des étudiants universitaires en sciences humaines et sociales en vue d’augmenter leurs performances cognitives, d’approfondir la compréhension des raisonnements sous-jacents à ces pratiques, puis de resituer ces derniers dans leur contexte élargi.
Nous avons interrogé treize étudiants de divers programmes de sciences humaines et sociales consommant, ou ayant déjà consommé, des psychotropes en vue de rehausser leurs performances cognitives en contexte académique. Les résultats suggèrent un écart dans la nature de leurs pratiques d’usage par rapport aux domaines d’études habituellement préconisés en ce sens qu’une grande variété de substances sont considérées comme supports cognitifs ; ensuite, que le recours aux psychotropes dans une visée de performance cognitive s’éloigne des logiques de la nécessité médicale et de la toxicomanie. En premier lieu, le cognitive enhancement est associé par plusieurs à une souffrance psychique liée à une perte de repères existentiels et les étudiants y ont recours dans une optique de compréhension de soi et de quête de repères dans un monde qu’ils ressentent comme instable. En second lieu, la consommation de psychotropes s’apparente davantage à un désir de satisfaire aux conditions incertaines et menaçantes des demandes externes de performance telles qu’ils les appréhendent qu’à un souci de soigner quelque condition médicale de la cognition. Nous pensons que le rapport au psychotrope qu’entretiennent les étudiants universitaires en sciences humaines et sociales s’insère en toute cohérence dans les discours et injonctions contemporaines de performance, en ce sens que leur souffrance psychique individuelle expose les limites de ce que la société attend d’eux.This master’s thesis assesses the underlying dynamics in the cognitive enhancement phenomenon observed in Western contemporary universities and the social context in which it emerges. Detaching our perspective from the analysis of healthcare and law fields of study as well as from the usual quantitative, clinical, atheoretical and over all moralizing approach, we aimed to explore the use of psychotropic substances in humanities and social science students, to better understand the rationales behind those behaviours and to situate them in their broader context. Thirteen humanities and social science students were interviewed regarding their past or present use of psychotropics as cognitive enhancers in academia. Results suggest a gap between their practices and those of the healthcare and law students, in that a wider variety of psychotropics are used as enhancers ; it also shows that the use of cognitive enhancers parts from the medical logic as well as that of addiction. First, the students’ practices are often oriented by an existential disorientation and it seems that their resort to psychotropics assists a quest for control, understanding and stability in themselves and in a world perceived as perpetually unstable. Furthermore, those practices serve a wish to satisfy a range of uncertain and threatening conditions related to external demands as apprehended, more than to treat any medical condition regarding cognition. We believe that the underlying rationales behind the humanities and social science university students use of psychotropics fit into the performance oriented contemporary discourse and injunctions in the sense that their individual suffering exposes the limits of what society expects from them.
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Béland, Louis-Philippe. "Essays in labor and public economics." Thèse, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/11179.
Full textAbstract:
Dans ma thèse, je me sers de modèles de recherche solides pour répondre à des questions importantes de politique publique.
Mon premier chapitre évalue l’impact causal de l’allégeance partisane (républicain ou démocrate) des gouverneurs américains sur le marché du travail. Dans ce chapitre, je combine les élections des gouverneurs avec les données du March CPS pour les années fiscales 1977 à 2008. En utilisant un modèle de régression par discontinuité, je trouve que les gouverneurs démocrates sont associés à de plus faibles revenus individuels moyens. Je mets en évidence que cela est entrainée par un changement dans la composition de la main-d’oeuvre à la suite d’une augmentation de l’emploi des travailleurs à revenus faibles et moyens. Je trouve que les gouverneurs démocrates provoquent une augmentation de l’emploi des noirs et de leurs heures travaillées.
Ces résultats conduisent à une réduction de l’écart salarial entre les travailleurs
noir et blanc.
Mon deuxième chapitre étudie l’impact causal des fusillades qui se produisent dans les écoles secondaires américaines sur les performances des éléves et les résultats des écoles tels que les effectifs et le nombre d’enseignants recruté, a l’aide d’une stratégie de différence-en-différence. Le chapitre est coécrit avec Dongwoo Kim. Nous constatons que les fusillades dans les écoles réduisent significativement l’effectif des élèves de 9e année, la proportion d’élèves ayant un niveau adéquat en anglais et en mathématiques. Nous examinons aussi l’effet hétérogene des tueries dans les écoles secondaires entre les crimes et les suicides. Nous trouvons que les fusillades de natures criminelles provoquent la diminution du nombre d’inscriptions et de la proportion d’élèves adéquats en anglais et mathématiques. En utilisant des données sur les élèves en Californie, nous confirmons qu’une partie de l’effet sur la performance des élèves provient des étudiants inscrits et ce n’est pas uniquement un effet de composition.
Mon troisième chapitre étudie l’impact des cellulaires sur la performance scolaire des élèves. Le chapitre est coécrit avec Richard Murphy. Dans ce chapitre, nous combinons une base de données unique contenant les politiques de téléphonie mobile des écoles obtenues à partir d’une enquète auprès des écoles dans quatre villes en Angleterre avec des données administratives sur la performance scolaire des éleves. Nous étudions ainsi l’impact de l’introduction d’une interdiction de téléphonie mobile sur le rendement des éleves. Nos résultats indiquent qu’il y a une augmentation du rendement des éleves après l’instauration de l’interdiction des cellulaires à l’école, ce qui suggère que les téléphones mobiles sont sources de distraction pour l’apprentissage et l’introduction d’une interdiction à l’école limite ce problème.In my thesis, I use compelling research designs to address important public policy issues. My first chapter estimates the causal impact of the party allegiance (Republican or Democratic) of U.S. governors on labor market outcomes. I match gubernatorial elections with March CPS data for income years 1977 to 2008. Using a regression discontinuity design, I find that Democratic governors are associated with lower average individual earnings. I provide evidence that this is driven by a change in workforce composition following an expansion in employment of workers with low and medium earnings. I also find that Democratic governors cause a reduction in the racial earnings gap between black and white workers through an increase in the annual hours worked by blacks relative to whites. My second chapter analyze how shootings in high schools affect schools and students using data from shooting databases, school report cards, and the Common Core of Data. The chapter is co-written with Dongwoo Kim. We examine schools’ test scores, enrollment, and number of teachers, as well as graduation, attendance, and suspension rates at schools that experienced a shooting, employing a difference-in-differences strategy that uses other high schools in the same district as the comparison group. Our findings suggest that homicidal shootings significantly decrease the enrollment of students in Grade 9, and reduce test scores in math and English. We find no statistically significant effect for suicidal shootings on any outcome variables of interest. Using student-level data from California, we confirm that some of the effects on student performance occur as a result of students remaining enrolled and not only due to changes in student body composition. My third chapter investigates the impact of school mobile phone policy on student performance. The chapter is co-written with Richard Murphy. Combining a unique dataset on autonomous mobile phone policies from a survey of schools in four cities in England with administrative data, we investigate the impact of imposing a mobile phone ban on student performance. Our results indicate an improvement in student results after a school bans the use of mobile phones; this suggests that mobile phones distract learning and imposing a ban limits this problem.
49
Curcin, Ana. "Country of birth and the economic performance of recent European immigrants in Canada." Thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1828/2993.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis analyzes the economic performance of recent European immigrants to Canada. The data source for the analysis is the Longitudinal Survey of Immigrants to Canada, which followed immigrants entering Canada during 2000-2001 for four years. The purpose of this research is to examine the general category of European immigrants by region and country of birth in order to better understand the experience of immigrants in the Canadian labour market during their first years of settlement. Several important differences are observed within the European immigrant population in terms of economic performance. While Southern and Eastern European immigrants appear to have a slow start, their labour market performance improves rapidly, rivalling Western European immigrants after four post-immigration years. Immigrant category, education, and home language have a significant effect on overall labour market performance of recent European immigrants to Canada.
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Lin, Yu-Han, and 林玉涵. "The influence of market orientation, perceived organizational support and organizational innovation on department store floor managers’ job performance - using emotional labor as moderating variable." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/h2hk98.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立屏東科技大學
時尚設計與管理系所
105
In the face of rapid changes in the environment, department store operators must seek survival in the market. It will not be eliminated in the market competition. This study addressed the topic on influence between department store floor managers’ market orientation, perceived organizational support, organizational innovation, job performance and emotion labor. The participants of this study were department store floor managers from South of Taiwan. Data were collected by using snowball sampling method, total 251 effective questionnaires were returned. Data analysis included descriptive data analysis, factor analysis and reliability analysis, one-way ANOVA analysis, Pearson's product-moment correlation and regression analysis. The main results were as follows: 1. The marital status madesignificance differences on deep acting of emotion labor. 2. Department store floor managers’ market orientation has positive effect to perceived organizational support, organizational innovation and job performance. 3. Department store floor managers’ perceived organizational support and organizational innovation has positive effect to job performance. 4. Department store floor managers’ perceived organizational support and organizational innovation has the mediation effect between the market orientation and job performance. 5. Department store floor managers’ deep acting of emotion labor has the moderation effect between the perceived organizational support and job performance, organizational innovation and job performance.