Academic literature on the topic 'Labile exchange'
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Journal articles on the topic "Labile exchange":
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Wolff, Steven D., and Robert S. Balaban. "NMR imaging of labile proton exchange." Journal of Magnetic Resonance (1969) 86, no. 1 (January 1990): 164–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-2364(90)90220-4.
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Novakovic, Mihajlo, Ricardo P. Martinho, Gregory L. Olsen, Michael S. Lustig, and Lucio Frydman. "Sensitivity-enhanced detection of non-labile proton and carbon NMR spectra on water resonances." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 20, no. 1 (2018): 56–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7cp07046b.
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Pattison, S. E., and R. J. Cousins. "Kinetics of zinc uptake and exchange by primary cultures of rat hepatocytes." American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism 250, no. 6 (June 1, 1986): E677—E685. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.1986.250.6.e677.
Abstract:
The kinetics of 65Zn2+ uptake and exchange by hepatocytes in primary culture have been examined in detail to provide a basis for analyzing hormonal regulation of hepatic zinc metabolism. 65Zn2+ uptake was found to be a biphasic process. The slow phase represents an exchange between Zn2+ in the medium and preexisting, intracellular zinc pools. This exchange rate was saturable with a medium zinc concentration of 9.5 microM eliciting one-half the maximum exchange rate and a maximum exchange rate of 9.9 pmol Zn2+ . min-1 . mg protein-1 in the presence of bovine serum albumin. In the absence of albumin, a secondary, nonsaturable uptake rate was observed. The slow phase was relatively selective, and of the divalent transition metal ions tested, only Cd2+ and Mn2+ caused inhibition. The rate of exchange suggests total hepatocyte zinc has a turnover rate of approximately 30 h. The fast phase of 65Zn2+ reflects net Zn2+ accumulation into a labile pool. The initial rates for this process were too fast to be measured accurately, but steady-state measurements allowed determination of the labile pool size. The pool dimensions saturated in the presence [Kapp = 28.6 microM; pool capacity = 0.44 nmol Zn2+/mg protein] and absence [Kapp = 11.8 microM; pool capacity = 0.34 nmol Zn2+/mg protein] of bovine serum albumin. Kinetics and equilibria of Zn2+ uptake into the labile pool suggest that the latter acts as a source of Zn2+ for the slow-exchange phase. Dexamethasone stimulated slow Zn2+ exchange and also increased the labile pool size. The data suggest physiological factors alter hepatic zinc metabolism by influencing both intracellular Zn2+ pools.
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Mullins, R. E., and G. E. Austin. "Sensitivity of isoelectric focusing, ion exchange, and affinity chromatography to labile glycated hemoglobin." Clinical Chemistry 32, no. 8 (August 1, 1986): 1460–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/32.8.1460.
Abstract:
Abstract We examined the effect of labile glycated hemoglobin on measurements of glycated hemoglobin by several commercial procedures. Erythrocytes from diabetic and nondiabetic patients were incubated in vitro with various concentrations of glucose, to generate labile glycated hemoglobin, and the species of glycated and nonglycated hemoglobin in each sample were identified by isoelectric focusing. Glycated hemoglobin was then assayed by the Bio-Rad A1 column method (I), the Bio-Rad A1c column method (II), and the Pierce affinity column method (III). I was sensitive to the labile (aldimine) fraction of glycated hemoglobin, and percentages of glycated hemoglobin so determined represented the sum of the labile fraction plus hemoglobin A1c and other stable glycated species. This spurious increase in glycated hemoglobin concentration by the aldimine could be obviated by any of three wash procedures, which eliminated the labile fraction from the samples: incubating the erythrocytes (a) in phosphate-buffered saline (pH 7.4) for 18 h at 22 degrees C, (b) in 100 mmol/L citrate (pH 5.0) for 30 min at 37 degrees C, or (c) in saline containing, per liter, 30 mmol of semicarbazide and 12 mmol of aniline hydrochloride (pH 5.0) for 30 min at 37 degrees C. Methods II and III did not detect the labile fraction. However, treatments a-c decreased the concentrations of stable glycated hemoglobin as determined by all three column-chromatographic methods as compared with unwashed sample. By isoelectric focusing we determined that blood with high glucose content had concentrations of aldimine roughly proportional to the blood glucose concentration. The kinetics of formation of labile glycated hemoglobin in these cells were consistent with the reported rate constants determined by using purified hemoglobin preparations in vitro.
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Gabka, Grzegorz, Piotr Bujak, Kamila Giedyk, Kamil Kotwica, Andrzej Ostrowski, Karolina Malinowska, Wojciech Lisowski, Janusz W. Sobczak, and Adam Pron. "Ligand exchange in quaternary alloyed nanocrystals – a spectroscopic study." Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 16, no. 42 (2014): 23082–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4cp03850a.
Abstract:
Detailed NMR and XPS studies of the exchange of initial ligands for pyridine in quaternary nanocrystals enabled us to demonstrate, for the first time, direct binding of this labile ligand to the nanocrystal surface.
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Foster, Jonathan A., Sebastian Henke, Andreas Schneemann, Roland A. Fischer, and Anthony K. Cheetham. "Liquid exfoliation of alkyl-ether functionalised layered metal–organic frameworks to nanosheets." Chemical Communications 52, no. 69 (2016): 10474–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6cc05154e.
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Yee, A. M., J. P. Buyon, and Y. K. Yip. "Interferon alpha associated with systemic lupus erythematosus is not intrinsically acid labile." Journal of Experimental Medicine 169, no. 3 (March 1, 1989): 987–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1084/jem.169.3.987.
Abstract:
The physicochemical properties of apparently acid-labile IFN-alpha from patients with SLE have been studied. The antigenicity, apparent molecular size, and isoelectric point of SLE IFN-alpha are indistinguishable from those of conventional, previously characterized, acid-stable subspecies of IFN-alpha. However, after partial purification by anion-exchange chromatography, SLE IFN-alpha no longer exhibits acid lability, suggesting that other plasma factor(s) are responsible for the acid lability of SLE IFN-alpha. Addition of SLE plasma, but not normal plasma, to conventional acid-stable IFN-alpha renders the exogenous IFN-alpha acid labile. Preliminary results demonstrate that an acid-dependent IFN-inactivating activity can be partially purified from SLE plasma by anion-exchange chromatography.
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Braos, Lucas Boscov, Mara Cristina Pessôa da Cruz, Manoel Evaristo Ferreira, and Fernando Kuhnen. "ORGANIC PHOSPHORUS FRACTIONS IN SOIL FERTILIZED WITH CATTLE MANURE." Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo 39, no. 1 (February 2015): 140–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/01000683rbcs20150137.
Abstract:
Inorganic phosphorus (Pi) usually controls the P availability in tropical soils, but the contribution of organic P (Po) should not be neglected, mainly in systems with low P input or management systems that promote organic matter accumulation. The aims of this study were to evaluate the changes in the Po fractions over time in soil fertilized and not fertilized with cattle manure and to correlate Po forms with available P extracted by anion exchange resin. The experiment was carried out under field conditions, in a sandy-clay loam Haplustox. The experimental design was a 2 × 9 randomized complete block factorial design, in which the first factor was manure application (20 t ha-1) or absence, and the second the soil sampling times (3, 7, 14, 21, 28, 49, 70, 91, and 112 days) after manure incorporation. Labile, moderately labile and non-labile Po fractions were determined in the soil material of each sampling. Manure fertilization increased the Po levels in the moderately labile and non-labile fractions and the total organic P, but did not affect the Po fraction proportions in relation to total organic P. On average, 5.1 % of total Po was in the labile, 44.4 % in the moderately labile and 50.5 % in the non-labile fractions. Available P (resin P) was more affected by the manure soluble Pi rather than by the labile Po forms. The labile and non-labile Po fractions varied randomly with no defined trend in relation to the samplings; for this reason, the data did not fit any mathematical model.
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Clark, Andrew, and Nikolaos Kontoudakis. "Increasing the Efficiency and Accuracy of Labile Cu Measurement in Wine with Screen-Printed Electrodes." Chemosensors 6, no. 3 (August 17, 2018): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors6030035.
Abstract:
Development of oxidative and reductive flavors in wine can be influenced by the concentration and form of Cu within the wine. Electrochemical techniques have been devised to quantitate electrochemically active Cu (labile) in wine, as opposed to inactive Cu (non-labile). However, the electrochemical methods to measure labile Cu may be biased by the wine matrix, require lengthy calibration processes and/or unduly perturb the wine matrix during measurement. In this study, medium exchange stripping potentiometry was utilized with a thin mercury film on a screen-printed carbon electrode to provide a quantitation method that could largely overcome these limitations. The best average recoveries for 0.040 mg/L of labile Cu of 101 ± 15% (n = 12) were observed using composite calibration graphs prepared in oxidized wines and on multiple electrodes and using Pb as an internal standard. Composite calibration curves performed on different electrodes to the sample analysis were as effective in quantifying labile Cu as calibration curves performed on the same electrode as the sample. The results allow selection of a quantitation procedure that will suit the required speed and accuracy of labile Cu determination.
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Wang, Yanan, Esko Makkonen, Xi Chen, and Thomas Bürgi. "Absolute configuration retention of a configurationally labile ligand during dynamic processes of thiolate protected gold clusters." Chemical Science 12, no. 27 (2021): 9413–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1sc01702k.
Abstract:
The ligand exchange between a configurationally labile BiDi ligand and intrinsically chiral Au38 gold nanoclusters is diastereoselective. More importantly, the adsorbed ligand retains its configuration during dynamic cluster processes.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Labile exchange":
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Bacchetta, Audrey. "Analyse et spéciation du tritium dans des matrices environnementales." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 6, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA066026.
Abstract:
Cette étude s'inscrit dans le domaine de la surveillance de l'environnement. Elle consiste à optimiser et valider la procédure analytique de détermination du tritium sous forme organique, et à identifier les molécules organiques, porteuses de tritium, responsables de son transfert de l'environnement à l'homme. La démarche s'est organisée en trois temps. Une procédure analytique a d'abord été mise en place pour déterminer, la teneur en hydrogène des échantillons, élément clé, utilisée pour le calcul des activités de tritium organique. L'impact de la séparation des fractions de tritium organique (l'échange labile) sur la détermination de l'activité de la fraction représentative du niveau de tritium environnemental a ensuite été évalué. Pour cela, les quantités d'échantillon solubilisées ont été estimées. Enfin, la spéciation du tritium dans des échantillons environnementaux a été abordée. Pour cela, les familles de molécules, puis les composés organiques solubilisés lors des échanges labiles ont été identifiés. Les résultats montrent que la répartition du tritium dans les organismes dépend à la fois des propriétés de la liaison chimique dans laquelle il est impliqué et des propriétés des molécules organiques le portant. Les composés identifiés appartiennent aux familles de molécules constitutives (glucides, acides aminés) de la matière vivante. Il serait à présent intéressant d'étudier la répartition du tritium au sein d'un échantillon de l'environnement pour cibler les molécules d'intérêt et étudier de manière plus approfondie la distribution du tritium dans l'environnement et son impact, de l'environnement à l'hommeThis study deals with environmental monitoring. The main aims are (i) the optimisation of the analytical procedure for the tritium in organic form determination, and (ii) the identification of the tritium bearing molecules which are responsible for its transfer from the environment to man. The study was divided into three stages. First an analytical method was developed to determine hydrogen content of several samples, which is a key element to calculate accurate organically bound tritium activities. Secondly, the impact of the organically bound tritium fractions separation (labile exchange) for the determination of the representative fraction of the level of environmental tritium activity was then evaluated. For that, the amount of solubilised sample was estimated. Finally, the speciation of tritium in environmental samples was investigated. Several molecules classes and organic compounds dissolved in the labile exchanges solvent were identified. The results show that the distribution of tritium in organisms depends on both properties of the chemical bond in which it is involved and chemical properties of tritium bearing molecules. The identified compounds belong to the molecules classes such as carbohydrates or amino acids, constitutive of living organisms. It would now be of interest to study the tritium distribution in an environmental sample to target molecules of interest and study the impact of tritium from the environment to man
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Mashni, Jamil Assad. "DEVELOPMENTS IN SIGNAL AMPLIFICATION BY REVERSIBLE EXCHANGE (SABRE) OF 15N AND 13C NUCLEI TOWARDS APPLICATIONS IN MRI." OpenSIUC, 2019. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/2516.
Abstract:
Signal Amplification by Reversible Exchange (SABRE) is a hyperpolarization technique that utilizes parahydrogen for the NMR signal enhancement of nuclear spins. SABRE is related to Parahydrogen Induced Polarization (PHIP), another means of hyperpolarization using parahydrogen; PHIP achieves hyperpolarization via chemical reduction. Although PHIP and SABRE share many similarities in experimentation, PHIP ultimately requires the presence of an unsaturated chemical bond as well as pairwise-addition of parahydrogen. No permanent chemical change occurs during SABRE, and instead may be considered as a merely physical exchange between molecules with sites on a catalyst. PHIP and SABRE may be compared to Dynamic Nuclear Polarization (DNP), arguably the most well-known and researched method for hyperpolarization; despite all that has been achieved with DNP, PHIP and SABRE offer vastly more-rapid, less-expensive, and more-simplified approaches for achieving hyperpolarization. The focus of this work is experimentation with SABRE processes and methods designed to overcome certain experimental challenges associated with this technique.
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Nolan, Gary, and Gary Nolan. "Experimental Investigation of Rates and Mechanisms of Isotope Exchange (O,H) Between Volcanic Ash and Isotopically-Labeled Water." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/12330.
Abstract:
The hydrogen and oxygen isotope ratios in hydrous minerals and volcanic glass are used as paleo-proxies to infer isotopic values of meteoric waters and thus paleo-climate conditions. Long-term exposure experiments with Mt Mazama ash reacted with isotopically labeled water (+650#8240; #948;
Books on the topic "Labile exchange":
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Stubbs, Tara. “Beyond the Lines of Poetry”. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199935338.013.151.
Abstract:
This article aims to provide a brief recent history of Irish-American literary studies, then focuses on how Irish-American poetics might be employed as an evaluative critical lens through which to regard Irish, American, and transnational exchange. It discusses whether Irish-American poetics can be used as a critical framework for reading poetry that might not traditionally be labeled “Irish-American,” at least in terms of more obvious ethnic claims or cultural affiliations. This in turn might allow asking larger questions about how, when, and why transnational cultural encounters are assessed and described, and what this might reveal about the ways in which critics, readers, and writers respond to imaginative resources.
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Perrone, Andrea. Small and Medium Enterprises Growth Markets. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198813392.003.0012.
Abstract:
In accordance with the EU's traditional focus on small and medium-sized enterprises (SME) financing and its more recent attempt to support SME access to capital markets, Directive 2014/65/EU (MiFID II) has introduced the new category of SME Growth Markets (GMs). Aimed at preserving the status quo, in which SMEs prefer second-tier exchange-regulated markets, typically in the form of multilateral trading facilities (MTFs), the MiFID II rules employ a ‘light touch’ approach. Under the new regime SME GMs: (1) constitute an optional feature of the MTF regime intended to result in a ‘specific quality label’, and (2) are subject to the rules established by each Member State as applied by the local national competent authority, within the very broad framework provided by MiFID II. This chapter argues that the MiFID II regulation pertaining to SME GMs represents a missed opportunity, if not a source of potential harm to the capital-raising efforts of SMEs.
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Bergmann, Ute, and Theresa König, eds. Biologization, Nanotechnology, Simulation Proceedings of the 1st Joint PhD Conference on Material Science: from 27.6.-1.7.2022 in Dresden/ Germany and Usti/Česká republika. Technische Universität Dresden, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.25368/2022.367.
Abstract:
Materials scientists from Ústí nad Labem and Dresden met in June of 2022 for the first joint PhD Conference on Material Science, with the special focus on biologization, nanotechnology and simulation. The conference aimed to encourage interdisciplinary exchange between Čzech and German research institutes and promote transnational cooperation on an international level along the Saxon- Čzech border. Due to the restrictions caused by the corona pandemic, several attempts were necessary before the conference, which was first planned in 2020, could finally take place for the first time in 2022. The conference could take place in presence, which was seen as a big plus by all participants, especially as it was the first meeting in this German - Čzech context for most of the participants. The attending scientists (about 60) met at the Institute of Material Science of TU Dresden in Germany for the first half of the week before the conference moved to the faculties of Science and Environment of the Jan Evangelista Purkyně University UJEP in Ústí nad Labem in Čzechia. The organized activities ranged from scientific presentations of current PhD projects and research topics, lab tours in the participating institutions, come-together events such as a guided tour at the dye collection of the TU Dresden and a hiking trip to Bohemian Switzerland. The conference was funded by INTERREG VA Saxony - Čzech Republic - a cooperation programme of the Elbe/Labe region. All participants - PhD students, scientists and staff members of the participating institutions - enjoyed this opportunity to build individual and new contacts, exchange information on current research topics and methods, find starting points for future collaborations between the different research areas and institutions and also discuss the similarities and differences between the German and Čzech research landscape. The purpose of this brochure is to present the institutions with their special topics and laboratories and to present current research topics - on the base of the presented PhD projects.
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Whitmore, Aleysia K. World Music and the Black Atlantic. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190083946.001.0001.
Abstract:
In the mid-twentieth century, African musicians took up Cuban music as their own. They claimed it as a marker of black Atlantic connections and of cosmopolitanism untethered from European colonial relations. Today, Cuban/African bands popular in Africa in the 1960s and ’70s have moved into the world music scene in Europe and North America, and world music producers and musicians have created new West African–Latin American collaborations expressly for this market niche. This book follows two of these bands, Orchestra Baobab and AfroCubism, and the industry and audiences that surround them—from musicians’ homes in West Africa, to performances in Europe and North America, to record label offices in London. This book examines the intensely transnational experiences of musicians, industry personnel, and audiences as they collaboratively produce, circulate, and consume music in a specific post-colonial era of globalization. Musicians, industry personnel, and audiences work with and push against one another as they engage in personal collaborations imbued with histories of global travel and trade. They move between and combine Cuban and Malian melodies, Norwegian and Senegalese markets, and histories of slavery and independence as they work together to create international commodities. Understanding the unstable and dynamic ways these peoples, musics, markets, and histories intersect elucidates how world music actors assert their places within, and produce knowledge about, global markets, colonial histories, and the black Atlantic. This book offers a nuanced view of a global industry that is informed and deeply marked by diverse transnational perspectives and histories of transatlantic exchange.
Book chapters on the topic "Labile exchange":
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Dobryakov, S. N. "Spin Exchange Components in Nitroxyl Biradicals EPR Spectra." In Bioactive Spin Labels, 215–25. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-48724-8_8.
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Kulikov, A. V., and E. I. Yudanova. "Investigations on Spin Exchange in Nitroxyls by the Method of Continuous Saturation of EPR Spectra." In Bioactive Spin Labels, 201–14. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-48724-8_7.
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Nakanishi, Tomoko M. "Real-Time Water Movement in a Plant." In Novel Plant Imaging and Analysis, 39–72. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-4992-6_2.
Abstract:
AbstractThe next approach to research on water was to measure the small amount of water actually moving within a plant. The best method is to utilize radioisotope (RI)-labeled water and measure the radiation from outside of the plant. However, it is rather difficult to label water, since there are only limited kinds of RI for tracing water.When utilizing 18F to trace water movement, another fundamental question to consider was the features that characterize drought-tolerant and drought-sensitive plants. It is natural to suppose that drought-tolerant plants have strong water absorption; therefore, by analyzing the water absorption mechanism of tolerant plants and by introducing this function to sensitive plants, it might be possible to make the sensitive plants more tolerant.However, when water uptake was studied in naturally developed drought-tolerant and drought-sensitive cowpea, selected from 2000 cowpea plants grown in the field of Africa, the result was unexpected. Under normal conditions, the amount of water absorbed by the drought-tolerant strain was much lower than that absorbed by the sensitive strain, as if showing the low capability of water absorption. When a drought condition was introduced, the tolerant strain began to absorb much more water than usual, whereas the sensitive strain could not absorb as much water as before. This result provided us with an important lesson. Analyzing the mechanism of drought tolerance only by comparing the water absorption of tolerant and sensitive plants might not readily reveal the reason for drought tolerance. The features of the naturally produced plants showed us different mechanisms that might not match our expectations developed in the laboratory.Next, we performed water measurements using 15O-labeled water, which has an extremely short half-life of 2 minutes. Here, we found another astonishing result, which was “water circulation” in the plant internode. A tremendous amount of water was always leaking from xylem cells, which had been regarded as a mere pipe to transfer water from the root to the aboveground parts. In another subsequent study, it was shown that the water flowing out from the xylem was pushing out the water already present in the stem and then returning to the xylem again to move upward. The water velocity in the internode was kept constant, and through simulation, it took less than 20 minutes to exchange the water already present in the stem with newly absorbed water.
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Tardieu, Hubert. "Role of Gaia-X in the European Data Space Ecosystem." In Designing Data Spaces, 41–59. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-93975-5_4.
Abstract:
AbstractThe Gaia-X project was initiated in 2019 by the German and French Ministers of Economy to ensure that companies would not lose control of their industrial data when it is hosted by non-EU cloud service providers.Since then, Gaia-X holds an international association presence in Belgium with more than 334 members, representing both users and providers across 20 countries and 16 national hubs and 5 candidate countries.The Association aims to increase the adoption of cloud services and accelerate data exchanges by European businesses through the facilitation of business data sovereignty with jointly approved (user and provider) policy rules on data portability and interoperability.Although for many enterprises, data sovereignty is seen as a prerequisite for using the cloud, a significant driver to boost the digital economy in business is incentivizing business data sharing. Two decades of cost optimization have constrained business value creation, driving many companies to neglect the opportunity to create shared value within a wider industry ecosystem.Now, thanks to the participation of large numbers of cloud users in the domains of Finance, Health, Energy, Automotive, Travel Aeronautics, Manufacturing, Agriculture, and Mobility, among others, Gaia-X is ideally positioned to help industries define appropriate data spaces and identify/develop compelling use cases, which can then be jointly deployed to a compliant-by-design platform architecture under the Gaia-X specifications, trust, and labeling frameworks.The creation of national Gaia-X hubs that act as independent think tanks, ambassadors, or influencers of the Association further facilitates the emergence of new data spaces and use/enabler cases at a country level, before these are subsequently extended to a European scope and beyond. Gaia-X partners share the view that data spaces will play a similar role in digital business as the web played 40 years ago to help the Internet take off.The Gaia-X Working Groups are at the core of the Gaia-X discussions and deliverables. There are three committees: the Technical, the Policies and Rules, and the Data Spaces and Business.The Technical Committee focus on key architectural elements and their evolution, such as and not limited to: Identity and Access Management: bridge the traditional X509 realm and new SSI realm, creating a decentralized network of identity federations Service Composition: how to assemble services in order to create new services with higher added value Self-Description: how to build digital trust at scale with measurable and comparable criteria The Policy and Rules Committee creates the deliverables required to develop the Gaia-X framework (compliance requirements, labels and qualification processes, credentials matrix, contractual agreements, etc.): The Labels and Qualification working group defines the E2E process for labels and qualification, from defining and evolving the levels of label, the process for defining new labels, and identifying and certifying existing CABS. The Credentials and Trust Anchors working group will develop and maintain a matrix of credentials and their verification methods to enable the implementation of compliance through automation, contractual clauses, certifications, or other methods. The Compliance working group collects compliance requirements from all sources to build a unique compliance requirements pool. The Data Spaces Business Committee helps the Association expanding and accelerating the creation of new Gaia-X service in the market: The Finance working group focuses on business modeling and supports the project office of the Association. The Technical working group analyzes the technical requirements from a business perspective. The Operational Requirements working group is the business requirements unit. The Hub working groups hold close contact with all Gaia-X Hubs and support the collection and creation of the Gaia-X use and business cases. These working groups maintain the international list of all use cases and data spaces and coordinate the Hubs.
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Shatzmiller, Joseph. "Introduction." In Cultural Exchange. Princeton University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691156996.003.0001.
Abstract:
This introductory chapter discusses the cultural exchange between Jews and Christians in the High and Late Middle Ages. Members of each group contributed to the other's culture, even to their religious practices. Jews would often have in their possession artistic objects from the surrounding society. Even if held for a limited time, these objects were most likely influential in shaping the possessors' own art. The idea of looking at the Christian environment when studying Jewish ritual objects was raised in 1960 by Mordechai Narkiss, then the director of the Bezalel Art Museum in Jerusalem. In studying the shape of a Jewish ritual box known in Hebrew as a besamim box, Narkiss observed that originally these boxes were similar in shape to Christian reliquaries labeled in German as Monstranz. To support this hypothesis he provided a dozen references showing how medieval Jews accepted Christian liturgical articles as securities.
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Jordan, Robert B. "Reaction Mechanisms of Organometallic Systems." In Reaction Mechanisms of Inorganic and Organometallic Systems. Oxford University Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195301007.003.0007.
Abstract:
The general principles discussed in Chapter 3 also apply to reactions of organometallic complexes. Because these systems do not have a wide range of structurally similar complexes with different metal atoms for comparative studies across the Periodic Table, comparisons are usually made down a particular group. However, there is a wide range of ligands available for studies of entering and leaving group effects. This area has been the subject of several recent reviews. A major difference from the systems discussed in Chapter 3 is that many of these complexes are soluble in organic solvents, including hydrocarbons. This can minimize the complicating factor of solvent coordination, but these solvents often have quite low dielectric constants so that various types of preassociation are more probable. The metal carbonyl family of compounds is typical of the range of structures and reactivities of organometallic complexes. The rate of CO exchange was examined in early studies, and this work is the subject of a recent review. The order of reaction rates is as follows: Where the rate law has been determined, the reaction is first-order in [M(CO)R] and zero-order in [CO]. This implies a D mechanism, since a solvent intermediate is unlikely for the "noncoordinating" solvents. This mechanism also is probable for other ligand substitutions. The main mechanistic exception to the above generalizations is V(CO)6, which has an Ia mechanism for PR3 substitution reactions. This compound is unique in that it is the only 17-electron metal carbonyl and also is by far the most labile. Some kinetic results for substitution on V(CO)6 in hexane are given in Table 5.1. The substitution rates have rather low ΔH* values, and the negative ΔS* values are typical of an associative process. The rates for various entering groups correlate with the basicity rather than the size, as measured by the cone angle. It has been suggested that formation of a 19-electron associative intermediate from a 17-electron reactant is much more favorable than a 20-electron intermediate from an 18-electron reactant.
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Sposito, Garrison. "Oxidation– Reduction Reactions." In The Chemistry of Soils. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190630881.003.0010.
Abstract:
Soils become flooded occasionally by intense rainfall or by runoff, and a significant portion of soils globally underlies highly productive wetlands ecosystems that are inundated intermittently or permanently. Peat-producing wetlands (bogs and fens) account for about half the inundated soils, with swamps and rice fields each accounting for about one-sixth. Wetlands soils hold about one-third of the total nonfossil fuel organic C stored below the land surface, which is about the same amount of C as found in the atmosphere or in the terrestrial biosphere. This C storage is all the more impressive given that wetlands cover less than 6% of the global land area. On the other hand, wetlands ecosystems are also significant locales for greenhouse gas production. They constitute the largest single source of CH4 entering the atmosphere, emitting about one-third the global total, with half this amount plus more than half the global N2O emissions coming from just three rice-producing countries. A soil inundated by water cannot exchange O2 readily with the atmosphere. Therefore, consumption of O2 and the accumulation of CO2 ensue as a result of soil respiration. If sufficient humus metabolized readily by the soil microbiome (“labile humus”) is available, O2 disappearance after inundation is followed by a characteristic sequence of additional chemical transformations. This sequence is illustrated in Fig. 6.1 for two agricultural soils: a German Inceptisol under cereal cultivation and a Philippines Vertisol under paddy rice cultivation. In the German soil, which was always well aerated prior to its sudden inundation, NO3- is observed to disappear from the soil solution, after which soluble Mn(II) and Fe(II) begin to appear, whereas soluble SO42- is depleted (left side of Fig. 6.1). The appearance of the two soluble metals results from the dissolution of oxyhydroxide minerals (Section 2.4). Despite no previous history of inundation, CH4 accumulation in the soil occurs and increases rapidly after SO42- becomes undetectable and soluble Mn(II) and Fe(II) levels have become stabilized. During the incubation time of about 40 days, the pH value in the soil solution increased from 6.3 to 7.5, whereas acetic acid (Section 3.1) as well as H2 gas were produced.
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Taber, Douglass F. "Functional Group Protection: The Pohl Synthesis of β-1,4-Mannuronate Oligomers." In Organic Synthesis. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190646165.003.0015.
Abstract:
D. Srinivasa Reddy of the National Chemical Laboratory converted (Org. Lett. 2015, 17, 2090) the selenide 1 to the alkene 2 under ozonolysis conditions. Takamitsu Hosoya of the Tokyo Medical and Dental University found (Chem. Commun. 2015, 51, 8745) that even highly strained alkynes such as 4 can be generated from a sulfinyl vinyl triflate 3. An alkyne can be protected as the dicobalt hexacarbonyl complex. Joe B. Gilroy and Mark S. Workentin of the University of Western Ontario found (Chem. Commun. 2015, 51, 6647) that following click chemistry on a non-protected distal alkyne, deprotection of 5 to 6 could be effected by exposure to TMNO. Stefan Bräse of the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology and Irina A. Balova of Saint Petersburg State University showed (J. Org. Chem. 2015, 80, 5546) that the bend of the Co complex of 7 enabled ring-closing metathesis, leading after deprotection to 8. Morten Meldal of the University of Copenhagen devised (Eur. J. Org. Chem. 2015, 1433) 9, the base-labile protected form of the aldehyde 10. Nicholas Gathergood of Dublin City University and Stephen J. Connon of the University of Dublin developed (Eur. J. Org. Chem. 2015, 188) an imidazolium catalyst for the exchange deprotection of 11 to 13, with the inexpensive aldehyde 12 as the acceptor. Peter J. Lindsay-Scott of Eli Lilly demonstrated (Org. Lett. 2015, 17, 476) that on exposure to KF, the isoxazole 14 unraveled to the nitrile 15. Masato Kitamura of Nagoya University observed (Tetrahedron 2015, 71, 6559) that the allyl ester of 16 could be removed to give 17, with the other alkene not affected. Benzyl ethers are among the most common of alcohol protecting groups. Yongxiang Liu and Maosheng Cheng of Shenyang Pharmaceutical University showed (Adv. Synth. Catal. 2015, 357, 1029) that 18 could be converted to 19 simply by exposure to benzyl alcohol in the presence of a gold catalyst. Reko Leino of Åbo Akademi University developed (Synthesis 2015, 47, 1749) an iron catalyst for the reductive benzylation of 20 to 21. Related results (not illustrated) were reported (Org. Lett. 2015, 17, 1778) by Chae S. Yi of Marquette University.
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"Preparation of Tritium-Labeled Compounds by Isotope Exchange Reactions." In Preparation of Compounds Labeled with Tritium and Carbon-14, 47–107. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470743447.ch3.
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Blanton, IV, Thomas R. "Classification and Social Relations: The Dark Side of the Gift." In A Spiritual Economy. Yale University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.12987/yale/9780300220407.003.0005.
Abstract:
Although gift exchange is often vaunted for its socially integrative functions, it is also associated with negative effects: obligation, coercion, indebtedness, and the psychological and social oppression of the donee. Perhaps due to the refusal of an offer of hospitality in Corinth, Paul becomes embroiled in hostile relations that indicate the “dark side of the gift.” Paul can classify the same exchange differently at different times, and, in attempts to activate social responses of friendship or hostility, he can label his own labor a “gift” while labeling the same type of labor performed by others a “commodity.” The chapter shows that since the classification of exchange carries significant implications for social interaction, attempts to classify a given exchange cannot be disassociated from attempts to orchestrate sociopolitical relations and, in fact, always serve sociopolitical functions.
Conference papers on the topic "Labile exchange":
1
Li, Jiandong, and Jia Fu. "A Multi-Label Text Classification Model Combining Label Graph Embedding and Transformer Decoding." In 2023 5th International Academic Exchange Conference on Science and Technology Innovation (IAECST). IEEE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iaecst60924.2023.10503359.
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Shen, Xianjie, Saimin Ma, Zhenning Lu, and Shu Xu. "FLC: Empower Large-Scale Multi-Label Text Classification via Free Label Correlations Derived from Massive Raw Texts." In 2022 4th International Academic Exchange Conference on Science and Technology Innovation (IAECST). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iaecst57965.2022.10062290.
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Waldron, Manjula B., and Regina L. Brooks. "Analyzing Inter and Intra Group Information Exchanges in Conceptual Collaborative Design." In ASME 1994 Design Technical Conferences collocated with the ASME 1994 International Computers in Engineering Conference and Exhibition and the ASME 1994 8th Annual Database Symposium. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc1994-0024.
Abstract:
Abstract This paper reports preliminary results from a technique used to study inter and intra group information exchanges which occur in the conceptual stages of collaborative group design. In the early stages of conceptual design, there is little information to guide the designers and they find themselves groping to find pertinent information which may help them. In collaborative group design the members are able to pool in both their knowledge as well as knowlwdge from other groups. Currently there are no techniques, which exist, to help track this group information exchange. In this paper, we use the sense-making theory to guide us in assessing the information needs of the designers engaged in group collaborative design. In this study, the sense-making theory is described and adapted for applications in the engineering design domain. The analysis technique is a two step process. First the records are transcribed and labeled and then interpreted. The technique allows one to obtain a chronological map of the information seeking, helps obtained, and the decisions made. Results from the first design session show that during the early phases of group design, the most needs arose in establishing the knowledge base and in identifying the design process. There was a strong need for inter and intra group information exchange.
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Kuyas, C., H. Sigrist, and P. W. Straub. "LOCALIZATION CF FIBRIN POLYMERIZATION SITES BY PHOTQAFFINITY LABELING." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1643776.
Abstract:
Fibrin polymerization is competitively inhibited by the te-trapeptide GlyProArgPro. This peptide corresponds to the N-terminal sequence of the fibrin α-polypeptide chain, which is exposed upon release of fibrinopeptide A by thrombin. A binding site for GlyProArgPro was suggested to be located in the C-terminal end of the 411 amino acids containing γ-chain (Varadi and Scheraga, Biochemistry, 25, 519, 1986). In order to characterize the polymerization domain, GlyProArgProLys-azidoazobenzene, a photoactivable derivative of GlyProArgPro was synthesized. Photoaffinity label was bound to fibrinogen in the dark and photolysis was carried out at 0°C. After reduction and S-carboxymethy-lation of the photoaffinity labeled fibrinogen, the polypeptide chains (Aα, Bβ,γ ) were separated by ion-exchange chromatography. Photolabel binding was monitored imnunologically with anti-azo-benzene antibodies (ELISA, Western blot). Selective labeling of the γ-chain was observed. Labeled γ-chains were further digested with CNBr, and the resulting fragments were separated by reversed phase HPIC, immunologically characterized and identified by Edman degradation. GlyProArgProLys-azidoazobenzene was incorporated in the 18 kD CNBr-fragment (γ95-264). The CNBr-fragments arising from C-terminal end of the γ-chain were not labeled.Our results indicate that the binding site of GlyProArgPro is localized exclusively on γ-chain, within the sequence γ95-264.
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Kemball-Cook, G., S. J. A. Edwards, K. Sewerin, L.-O. Andersson, and T. W. Barrowcliffe. "THE PHOSPHOLIPID-BINDING SITE OF FACTOR VIII IS LOCATED ON THE 80 kD LIGHT CHAIN." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1643615.
Abstract:
The binding of Factoi. VIII (F.VIII) peptides to phospholipid (PL) vesicles has been studied by two different methods involving the use of fractionated anti-F.VIII:C I-Fab123’pre viously reported, i-Fab123’ was fractionated by immunoadsorptionwith F.VIII-PL complexes into two pools:one binding only to PL-binding sites on F.VIIIsAg (PL-site antibody), the other directed against other antigenic sites (non-PL-site antibody).The first technique used was a modification of the method of Weinstein et al. (Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA, 78, 5137-5141, 1981), and involved incubation of the two anti-F.VIII pool swith F.VIII-containing samples, followed by electrophoretic separation of the complexes on the basis of size in non-denaturing SDS gels: this technique allows qualitative analysis of antibody reactive peptides in highly impure samples. Non-PL-site pool reacted with a range of peptides with MrMapparent Mr 90 kD up to 280 kD, a similar pattern to that of ’heavy chain’(HC) peptides of F.VIII seen on SDS-PAGE under reducing conditions; the PL-site antibody, however, reacted only with peptides at apparent Mrs of 80 kD and sometimes150 kD, but not with bands of higher Mr a pattern more consistent with binding to light chain (LC) peptides. Thesame patterns with the two labels were seen in both plasma and F.VIII concentrateThe second approach employed the two labels described above in direct immunoradiometric assays (IFMA’s) on purified human F.VIII peptides prepared by immunoaffinity chromatography and ion exchange on Mono Q gel. Both PL-site and non-PL-site labels measured similar amounts of F.VIII m a sample containing both HC and LC peptides; however, on assaying a sample containing purified HC peptides alone, PL-site antibody measured only 2% of F.VIII:Ag found by non-PL-site label, indicating that PL-binding sites present in samples containing both HC and LC are absent in HC alone.Results from both these immunological methods indicate that the 80 kD LC peptide of F.VIII carries the PL-binding site.
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Craig, Austin, Jürgen Kogler, Fabian Krutzek, Florian Brandt, Markus Laube, Martin Ullrich, Cornelius Kurt Donat, Klaus Kopka, and Sven Stadlbauer. "Sulfur [18F]Fluoride Exchange Reaction Enables Rapid Access to 18F-Labeled PET Tracers." In International Electronic Conference on Medicinal Chemistry. Basel Switzerland: MDPI, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ecmc2022-13652.
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Mlynczak, M. G. "A Technique to Infer the Heating Rate Associated With Non-LTE Processes in Upper Mesospheric and Lower Thermospheric Ozone." In Optical Remote Sensing of the Atmosphere. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/orsa.1991.omb4.
Abstract:
Non-LTE processes in ozone are significant components of the energy budget of the upper mesosphere and lower thermosphere [Mlynczak, 1991]. The exothermic recombination reaction that forms ozone and the upwelling radiation (from the vicinity of the stratopause) absorbed by ozone have the potential to heat the mesopause region (80-105 km) at rates exceeding 6K/day if all potential (radiative plus chemical) energy would be converted to heat. Calculation of the heating rate requires a detailed knowledge of the processes by which ozone exchanges internal energy with its environment through chemical, collisional, and radiative processes. At present, the knowledge of the rate coefficients describing the non-LTE processes is probably not sufficient to permit reliable calculations of the heating associated with non-LTE processes in ozone. Shown in Fig. 1 are the heating rates (in K day-l) calculated using two different models of non-LTE processes in ozone. The curve labeled "1" is the heating rate calculated using the model of Solomon et al. [1986] and the curve labeled "2" is the heating rate calculated using a model from Mlynczak and Dray son [1990a]. The two non-LTE models differ significantly in their parameterization of the non-LTE processes in ozone. In this paper, a technique whereby the heating rate may be inferred from appropriate measurements from satellite remote sensing instruments will be examined. This technique allows for the inference of the heating rate virtually independent of assumed kinetics models.
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Yu, Zitong, Yunxiao Qin, Hengshuang Zhao, Xiaobai Li, and Guoying Zhao. "Dual-Cross Central Difference Network for Face Anti-Spoofing." In Thirtieth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-21}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2021/177.
Abstract:
Face anti-spoofing (FAS) plays a vital role in securing face recognition systems. Recently, central difference convolution (CDC) has shown its excellent representation capacity for the FAS task via leveraging local gradient features. However, aggregating central difference clues from all neighbors/directions simultaneously makes the CDC redundant and sub-optimized in the training phase. In this paper, we propose two Cross Central Difference Convolutions (C-CDC), which exploit the difference of the center and surround sparse local features from the horizontal/vertical and diagonal directions, respectively. It is interesting to find that, with only five ninth parameters and less computational cost, C-CDC even outperforms the full directional CDC. Based on these two decoupled C-CDC, a powerful Dual-Cross Central Difference Network (DC-CDN) is established with Cross Feature Interaction Modules (CFIM) for mutual relation mining and local detailed representation enhancement. Furthermore, a novel Patch Exchange (PE) augmentation strategy for FAS is proposed via simply exchanging the face patches as well as their dense labels from random samples. Thus, the augmented samples contain richer live/spoof patterns and diverse domain distributions, which benefits the intrinsic and robust feature learning. Comprehensive experiments are performed on four benchmark datasets with three testing protocols to demonstrate our state-of-the-art performance.
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Tandon, N. N., and G. A. Jamieson. "ROLE OF PLATELET MEMBRANE GLYCOPROTEIN IV IN PLATELET-COLLAGEN INTERACTION: A MICROTITER ASSAY TO STUDY PLATELET ADHERENCE." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1643906.
Abstract:
The role of platelet glycoprotein IV (GPIV) in platelet function has not been elucidated. We have now isolated GPIV (Mr 88,000) from platelet membranes in homogeneous form by a series of steps involving (i) phase partitioning in Triton X-114, (ii) ion exchange chromatography on DEAE-cellulose, (iii) lectin affinity chromatography on WGA-Sepharose, and (iv) size exclusion chromatography on Ultrogel AcA44. Purified GPIV inhibited platelet shape change and aggregation induced by collagen (2 ug/ml; 7 nM as tropocollagen) in a dose-dependent fashion (ID50 ∼ 1 ug/ml; 10 nM) but did not affect aggregation induced by thrombin, ADP, epinephrine, arachidonate or ionophore A23187. To study the role of GPIV in platelet interaction with collagen we have developed a microtiter assay involving (i) coating acid soluble or fibrillar Type I collagen onto microtiter plates, (ii) incubation of coated collagen with 51Cr-labeled platelets and (iii) quantitation of platelet adherence by analysing the radioactivity of the SDS lysate of the adhered platelets. In this assay system, Fab fragments of anti-GPIV antibody inhibited platelet adherence by 75% to both acid soluble and fibrillar Type I collagen while nonimmune serum was without effect. Fab fragments also inhibited collagen-induced aggregation and secretion (ID∼ 10 ug/ml; 200 nM) and, slightly less effectively, aggregation by ADP and epinephrine (ID∼ 300 NM), but did not affect platelet activation by thrombin, arachidonate or ionophore. Fab fragments also inhibited platelet attachment to collagen-Sepharose columns by 80%. These results suggest a role for GPIV in the interaction of platelets with collagen, probably at the level of primary platelet adherence.
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Ishii, Tasuku, Daisuke Akiyama, Akira Kirishima, Nobuaki Sato, and Tadashi Narabayashi. "Sorption of Radioactive Methyl Iodide by Silver Doped Zeolite for Filtered Venting System." In 2016 24th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone24-60819.
Abstract:
Filtered containment venting system (FCVS) is an emergency response system for severe accident. FCVS reduces the pressure in reactor vessel and removes radioactive iodine and cesium. Recently, silver doped zeolite (AgX) has been attracting attentions since it is believed to remove over 99.99% of CH3I in the ventilation gas. However, the reliable data of AgX for CH3I sorption under expected severe accident conditions are still limited. Therefore, the sorption behavior of CH3I on AgX was investigated under several expected conditions. In this study, the CH3I labeled by 125I tracer was synthesized by isotope exchange reaction, and it was devoted for sorption experiment on AgX. Sorption experiment using stable CH3I was also conducted by the same procedure. From results of the sorption experiment, over 99.9% of 2.28g of CH3I were sorbed by 10g of AgX. After the sorption experiment, AgX samples were analyzed by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) and SEM–EDX. These results indicated the distribution of Ag agreed with that of I in micro area of AgX. For the evaluation of apparent sorption capacity of AgX, breaking through experiment was carried out. The apparent sorption capacity of AgX for CH3I was determined as 0.25g / g (AgX) at 24°C. The breaking through experiment was also carried out for the evaluation of CH3I flux and humidity effects in the vent gas. The effect of temperature on the sorption capacity was also studied. When the flux of CH3I supply was increased from 1.09 × 10−4 to 2.33 × 10−4g/cm2s, apparent sorption capacity was unchanged (= 0.21g / g (AgX)). Besides, the apparent sorption capacity was unchanged in the humidity range of ∼0 % H2O to 0.01 % H2O, while it decreased to 0.19 g / g (AgX) at 3% H2O. When sorption temperature increased to 170 °C, the apparent sorption capacity also increased to 0.69 g / g (AgX).
Reports on the topic "Labile exchange":
1
Castellano, Mike J., Abraham G. Shaviv, Raphael Linker, and Matt Liebman. Improving nitrogen availability indicators by emphasizing correlations between gross nitrogen mineralization and the quality and quantity of labile soil organic matter fractions. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2012.7597926.bard.
Abstract:
A major goal in Israeli and U.S. agroecosystems is to maximize nitrogen availability to crops while minimizing nitrogen losses to air and water resources. This goal has presented a significant challenge to global agronomists and scientists because crops require large inputs of nitrogen (N) fertilizer to maximize yield, but N fertilizers are easily lost to surrounding ecosystems where they contribute to water pollution and greenhouse gas concentrations. Determination of the optimum N fertilizer input is complex because the amount of N produced from soil organic matter varies with time, space and management. Indicators of soil N availability may help to guide requirements for N fertilizer inputs and are increasingly viewed as indicators of soil health To address these challenges and improve N availability indicators, project 4550 “Improving nitrogen availability indicators by emphasizing correlations between gross nitrogen mineralization and the quality and quantity of labile organic matter fractions” addressed the following objectives: Link the quantity and quality of labile soil organic matter fractions to indicators of soil fertility and environmental quality including: i) laboratory potential net N mineralization ii) in situ gross N mineralization iii) in situ N accumulation on ion exchange resins iv) crop uptake of N from mineralized soil organic matter sources (non-fertilizer N), and v) soil nitrate pool size. Evaluate and compare the potential for hot water extractable organic matter (HWEOM) and particulate organic matter quantity and quality to characterize soil N dynamics in biophysically variable Israeli and U.S. agroecosystems that are managed with different N fertility sources. Ultimately, we sought to determine if nitrogen availability indicators are the same for i) gross vs. potential net N mineralization processes, ii) diverse agroecosystems (Israel vs. US) and, iii) management strategies (organic vs. inorganic N fertility sources). Nitrogen availability indicators significantly differed for gross vs. potential N mineralization processes. These results highlight that different mechanisms control each process. Although most research on N availability indicators focuses on potential net N mineralization, new research highlights that gross N mineralization may better reflect plant N availability. Results from this project identify the use of ion exchange resin (IERs) beads as a potential technical advance to improve N mineralization assays and predictors of N availability. The IERs mimic the rhizosphere by protecting mineralized N from loss and immobilization. As a result, the IERs may save time and money by providing a measurement of N mineralization that is more similar to the costly and time consuming measurement of gross N mineralization. In further search of more accurate and cost-effective predictors of N dynamics, Excitation- Emission Matrix (EEM) spectroscopy analysis of HWEOM solution has the potential to provide reliable indicators for changes in HWEOM over time. These results demonstrated that conventional methods of labile soil organic matter quantity (HWEOM) coupled with new analyses (EEM) may be used to obtain more detailed information about N dynamics. Across Israeli and US soils with organic and inorganic based N fertility sources, multiple linear regression models were developed to predict gross and potential N mineralization. The use of N availability indicators is increasing as they are incorporated into soil health assessments and agroecosystem models that guide N inputs. Results from this project suggest that some soil variables can universally predict these important ecosystem process across diverse soils, climate and agronomic management. BARD Report - Project4550 Page 2 of 249
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Wouters, P., and S. Prasad. Labeled IPsec Traffic Selector Support for the Internet Key Exchange Protocol Version 2 (IKEv2). RFC Editor, October 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.17487/rfc9478.
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Jordan, Ramon L., Abed Gera, Hei-Ti Hsu, Andre Franck, and Gad Loebenstein. Detection and Diagnosis of Virus Diseases of Pelargonium. United States Department of Agriculture, July 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1994.7568793.bard.
Abstract:
Pelargonium (Geranium) is the number one pot plant in many areas of the United States and Europe. Israel and the U.S. send to Europe rooted cuttings, foundation stocks and finished plants to supply a certain share of the market. Geraniums are propagated mainly vegetatively from cuttings. Consequently, viral diseases have been and remain a major threat to the production and quality of the crop. Among the viruses isolated from naturally infected geraniums, 11 are not specific to Pelargonium and occur in other crops while 6 other viruses seem to be limited to geranium. However, several of these viruses are not sufficiently characterized to conclude that they are distinct agents and their nomenclature and taxonomy are confusing. The ability to separate, distinguish and detect the different viruses in geranium will overcome obstacles te developing effective detection and certification schemes. Our focus was to further characterize some of these viruses and develop better methods for their detection and control. These viruses include: isolates of pelargonium line pattern virus (PLPV), pelargonium ringspot virus (PelRSV), pelargonium flower break virus (PFBV), pelargonium leaf curl (PLCV), and tomato ringspot virus (TomRSV). Twelve hybridoma cell lines secreting monoclonal antibodies specific to a geranium isolate of TomRSV were produced. These antibodies are currently being characterized and will be tested for the ability to detect TomRSV in infected geraniums. The biological, biochemical and serological properties of four isometric viruses - PLPV, PelRSV, and PFBV (and a PelRSV-like isolate from Italy called GR57) isolated from geraniums exhibiting line and ring pattern or flower break symptoms - and an isolate ol elderbeny latent virus (ELV; which the literature indicates is the same as PelRSV) have been determined Cloned cDNA copies of the genomic RNAs of these viruses were sequenced and the sizes and locations of predicted viral proteins deduced. A portion of the putative replicase genes was also sequenced from cloned RT-PCR fragments. We have shown that, when compared to the published biochemical and serological properties, and sequences and genome organizations of other small isometric plant viruses, all of these viruses should each be considered new, distinct members of the Carmovirus group of the family Tombusviridae. Hybridization assays using recombinant DNA probes also demonstrated that PLPV, PelRSV, and ELV produce only one subgenomic RNA in infected plants. This unusual property of the gene expression of these three viruses suggests that they are unique among the Carmoviruses. The development of new technologies for the detection of these viruses in geranium was also demonstrated. Hybridization probes developed to PFBV (radioactively-labeled cRNA riboprobes) and to PLPV (non-radioactive digoxigenin-labeled cDNAs) were generally shown to be no more sensitive for the detection of virus in infected plants than the standard ELISA serology-based assays. However, a reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction assay was shown to be over 1000 times more sensitive in detecting PFBV in leaf extracts of infected geranium than was ELISA. This research has lead to a better understanding of the identity of the viruses infecting pelargonium and to the development of new tools that can be used in an improved scheme of providing virus-indexed pelargonium plants. The sequence information, and the serological and cloned DNA probes generated from this work, will allow the application of these new tools for virus detection, which will be useful in domestic and international indexing programs which are essential for the production of virus-free germplasm both for domestic markets and the international exchange of plant material.
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Brenan, J. M., K. Woods, J. E. Mungall, and R. Weston. Origin of chromitites in the Esker Intrusive Complex, Ring of Fire Intrusive Suite, as revealed by chromite trace element chemistry and simple crystallization models. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/328981.
Abstract:
To better constrain the origin of the chromitites associated with the Esker Intrusive Complex (EIC) of the Ring of Fire Intrusive Suite (RoFIS), a total of 50 chromite-bearing samples from the Black Thor, Big Daddy, Blackbird, and Black Label chromite deposits have been analysed for major and trace elements. The samples represent three textural groups, as defined by the relative abundance of cumulate silicate phases and chromite. To provide deposit-specific partition coefficients for modeling, we also report on the results of laboratory experiments to measure olivine- and chromite-melt partitioning of V and Ga, which are two elements readily detectable in the chromites analysed. Comparison of the Cr/Cr+Al and Fe/Fe+Mg of the EIC chromites and compositions from previous experimental studies indicates overlap in Cr/Cr+Al between the natural samples and experiments done at >1400oC, but significant offset of the natural samples to higher Fe/Fe+Mg. This is interpreted to be the result of subsolidus Fe-Mg exchange between chromite and the silicate matrix. However, little change in Cr/Cr+Al from magmatic values, owing to the lack of an exchangeable reservoir for these elements. A comparison of the composition of the EIC chromites and a subset of samples from other tectonic settings reveals a strong similarity to chromites from the similarly-aged Munro Township komatiites. Partition coefficients for V and Ga are consistent with past results in that both elements are compatible in chromite (DV = 2-4; DGa ~ 3), and incompatible in olivine (DV = 0.01-0.14; DGa ~ 0.02), with values for V increasing with decreasing fO2. Simple fractional crystallization models that use these partition coefficients are developed that monitor the change in element behaviour based on the relative proportions of olivine to chromite in the crystallizing assemblage; from 'normal' cotectic proportions involving predominantly olivine, to chromite-only crystallization. Comparison of models to the natural chromite V-Ga array suggests that the overall positive correlation between these two elements is consistent with chromite formed from a Munro Township-like komatiitic magma crystallizing olivine and chromite in 'normal' cotectic proportions, with no evidence of the strong depletion in these elements expected for chromite-only crystallization. The V-Ga array can be explained if the initial magma responsible for chromite formation is slightly reduced with respect to the FMQ oxygen buffer (~FMQ- 0.5), and has assimilated up to ~20% of wall-rock banded iron formation or granodiorite. Despite the evidence for contamination, results indicate that the EIC chromitites crystallized from 'normal' cotectic proportions of olivine to chromite, and therefore no specific causative link is made between contamination and chromitite formation. Instead, the development of near- monomineralic chromite layers likely involves the preferential removal of olivine relative to chromite by physical segregation during magma flow. As suggested for some other chromitite-forming systems, the specific fluid dynamic regime during magma emplacement may therefore be responsible for crystal sorting and chromite accumulation.