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Buckley, Ralf. "Sector-Scale Proliferation of CSR Quality Label Programs via Mimicry: The Rotkäppchen Effect." Sustainability 15, no. 14 (July 12, 2023): 10910. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su151410910.
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Proliferation of CSR quality certification programs can be analysed within theories of mimicry. Some firms use third-party quality certificates to signal their CSR practices to consumers accurately. These firms and consumers benefit from few, simple, recognized, reliable labels. Other firms use competing or own-brand labels to signal deceptively, gaining competitive advantage without compliance costs. Unreliable labels act as mimics to dupe consumers. If consumers cannot determine which labels are misleading, they ignore them all. Within ecological theories of mimicry, this is known as aggressive reverse Brouwerian automimicry. CSR-label research has a different naming tradition, and this sector-scale effect could be called a rotkäppchen effect, analogous to program-scale groucho and firm-scale goldilocks effects. It is testable by analysing mimicry mechanisms or predicted patterns.
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Rayfield, Blake, and Omer Unsal. "Product recalls, lobbying, and firm value." Management Decision 57, no. 3 (March 11, 2019): 724–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/md-06-2017-0581.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to use a unique, hand-collected data set of Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved products to understand the effect of lobbying on the product market. The authors gather total 86,462 FDA labels including drug patents, drugs, pre-market approvals and medical devices and test the relationship between lobbying and future firms’ product submissions. Design/methodology/approach Using a sample of 86,462 FDA labels including drug patents, drugs, pre-market approvals and medical devices, the authors test the effect of lobbying on a firm’s future product submissions using survival analysis, logit, difference-in-differences and propensity score matching techniques. Findings The authors find lobbying firms experience an increase in the number of medical products approved. However, increased number of FDA labeling comes at the cost of product failure. The authors document that lobbying increases product recalls when responsible firms are associated with higher market withdrawals. Originality/value This study contributes to both the management literature on corporate lobbying and product recalls. Additionally, the study reveals the connection between pharmaceutical lobbying and firm value.
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Thompson Chaudhry, Theresa, and Mahvish Faran. "Same Jeans, Same Stitch? A Comparison of Denim Production Across Three Factories in Punjab, Pakistan." LAHORE JOURNAL OF ECONOMICS 21, Special Edition (September 1, 2016): 211–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.35536/lje.2016.v21.isp.a9.
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In this paper, we look at denim production in three different factories in Punjab, Pakistan. We map the manufacturing process for a standard pair of denim jeans produced for an international retailer. We asked three factories of different scales and proximities to the technological frontier to stitch, finish and wash an identical pair of jeans. These firms included a large-scale exporter with established links to a major multinational brand, a medium exporter with links to regional European labels and a small producer selling primarily to the domestic market. Timing the operations ourselves, we find that the stitching time of the large-scale exporter is about one-third less than that of the medium exporter and about half the stitching time of the small firm. Of the three firms, only the large exporter pays wages based strictly on standard minute value – the time expected to complete an operation. The two smaller firms pay piece rates that reflect the market rates paid for individual operations by firms throughout the sector. Even without increases in stitching efficiency, the two smaller firms could reduce their stitching costs by 30–50 percent if they were able to switch to paying wages based on stitching times. We also calculate the labor cost savings that the two smaller firms could accrue by adopting some of the more advanced equipment used by the large exporter, along with lower piece rates. Of these, the most reasonable investment would be in better loop-making machines; the cost of equipment could be recuperated by producing 325,000–500,000 garments, which for the medium firm is four to eight months’ production at current levels. However, piece rates are entrenched and, if sticky, could reduce the incentives for firms to adopt labor-saving technologies.
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Grover, Charu, and Sangeeta Bansal. "Imperfect certification and eco-labelling of products." Indian Growth and Development Review 12, no. 3 (November 11, 2019): 288–314. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/igdr-04-2018-0039.
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Purpose This paper aims to investigate the role of certification in providing information and reducing market inefficiencies when the “certification process is imperfect”. In the setting, eco-labels imperfectly signal environmental product quality to consumers where the error in the process of certification could be either Type 1 or Type 2 error. The paper examines firms' incentive to get certified, equilibrium quantities and profits. The authors use perfect Bayesian equilibrium concept for the analysis. They then examine conditions for separating and pooling equilibrium to exist and welfare implications of certification process. Design/methodology/approach The paper uses a vertical product differentiated model where firms are competing in quantities. Consumers are unable to observe the environmental quality of the product. To signal the product quality to consumers, firms may adopt certification by a third party. Using a framework where certification process is imperfect, the paper derives conditions for Perfect Bayesian separating and pooling equilibrium to exist. Findings The paper shows that the existence of separating and pooling equilibrium depends on the certification fee. A separating equilibrium, where one firm seeks certification and other firm does not seek certification exists for an intermediate value of certification fee. A pooling equilibrium, where both firms seek certification, exists only when the certification fee is sufficiently small. The paper shows conditions for the certification fee for which welfare will be higher under separating equilibrium as compared to pooling equilibrium and analyses welfare implications for subsidy policy for the certification fee. Originality/value The paper contributes to the literature by examining the role of labelling under imperfect certification.
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Cajner, Tomaz, Leland D. Crane, Christopher Kurz, Norman Morin, Paul E. Soto, and Betsy Vrankovich. "Manufacturing Sentiment: Forecasting Industrial Production with Text Analysis." Finance and Economics Discussion Series, no. 2024-026 (May 2024): 1–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.17016/feds.2024.026.
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This paper examines the link between industrial production and the sentiment expressed in natural language survey responses from U.S. manufacturing firms. We compare several natural language processing (NLP) techniques for classifying sentiment, ranging from dictionary-based methods to modern deep learning methods. Using a manually labeled sample as ground truth, we find that deep learning models partially trained on a human-labeled sample of our data outperform other methods for classifying the sentiment of survey responses. Further, we capitalize on the panel nature of the data to train models which predict firm-level production using lagged firm-level text. This allows us to leverage a large sample of "naturally occurring" labels with no manual input. We then assess the extent to which each sentiment measure, aggregated to monthly time series, can serve as a useful statistical indicator and forecast industrial production. Our results suggest that the text responses provide information beyond the available numerical data from the same survey and improve out-of-sample forecasting; deep learning methods and the use of naturally occurring labels seem especially useful for forecasting. We also explore what drives the predictions made by the deep learning models, and find that a relatively small number of words associated with very positive/negative sentiment account for much of the variation in the aggregatesentiment index.
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Papaluca, Ornella, Mauro Sciarelli, and Mario Tani. "Ethical Branding in the Modern Retail: A Comparison of Italy and UK Ethical Coffee Branding Strategies." International Journal of Marketing Studies 12, no. 1 (January 31, 2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijms.v12n1p1.
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Modern markets can be seen as complex systems of relationships where stakeholders are able to influence the firms’ decision-making processes and their value creation processes. Modern businesses should adopt a broader perspective in order to not focus their actions only on maximize economic performance, but to design them considering even their social and environmental impacts on the system as a whole. Firms have to respond to the stakeholders’ expectations as a way to obtain the legitimacy needed to create a beneficial environment that will help them in creating a positive effect out of their system of relations, without violating the social contract tying together all the actors in a given system. It follows that, when companies can effectively communicate to their systems’ actors how they are following the principles of sustainability and prove that their actions are socially responsible, they can get several advantages. One of the way companies must accomplish this feat is to ask third parties to certify their actions in order to be able to print on their products one of the various Ethical Labels. Using these labels to mark their products can be a tool to influence the consumer to buy from the firm over the competitors, leveraging on a higher legitimacy.
In this paper, we have studied the evolution of the practice of non-financial disclosure trough ethical labels that 14 coffee brands, both in Italy and in England, as a way to understand how, in different markets they have changed over a 5-year time.
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Hunter, Tim B. "Film labels: A new look." Journal of Digital Imaging 7, no. 1 (February 1994): 39–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03168477.
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Williams, Wendy. "Outward facing: W&R Jacob & Co. biscuit labels, 1900-1939." Journal of Historical Research in Marketing 6, no. 1 (February 11, 2014): 56–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jhrm-06-2013-0032.
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Purpose – The aim of this paper is to explore the marketing strategies and tools used by W&R Jacob & Co. in the first four decades of the twentieth century. Design/methodology/approach – This paper is based on close analysis of W&R Jacob & Co. labels and other primary material supported by secondary sources. Findings – The paper explores the company's initial focus on the development of an export market and their competition with similar firms in England for that business. It reveals the ways in which the firm contributed to the development of product naming and labelling conventions within the biscuit industry in this period. Labelling and product presentation strategies are examined to show methods of origination that coped with a prolific rate of introduction of new lines. Political change in Ireland in the 1920s and 1930s imposed limits on Jacob's markets and precipitated a reorientation of labelling strategies. Originality/value – The paper is based on extensive original research and makes a solid contribution to the understanding of new product development and marketing strategies within the biscuit industry in the first four decades of the twentieth century. It also furthers understanding of the effects of Irish Free State policies on export industry.
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Bontemps, C., Z. Bouamra-Mechemache, and M. Simioni. "Quality labels and firm survival: some first empirical evidence." European Review of Agricultural Economics 40, no. 3 (September 28, 2012): 413–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/erae/jbs034.
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Villas‐Boas, Sofia B., Kristin Kiesel, Joshua P. Berning, Hayley H. Chouinard, and Jill J. McCluskey. "Consumer and Strategic Firm Response to Nutrition Shelf Labels." American Journal of Agricultural Economics 102, no. 2 (January 23, 2020): 458–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajae.12002.
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Balsiger, Philip. "Explaining Dynamic Strategies for Defending Company Legitimacy: The Changing Outcomes of Anti-Sweatshop Campaigns in France and Switzerland." Business & Society 57, no. 4 (December 14, 2015): 676–705. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0007650315619471.
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This article analyzes and compares the dynamically changing outcomes of anti-sweatshop campaigns in France and Switzerland through a qualitative comparative case study using interviews and analysis of firsthand and secondary data. In both countries, some targeted firms made early concessions and later withdrew from those concessions. To explain these changing outcomes over time, the article develops a perspective that puts emphasis on interaction phases and highlights corporate strategic responses to anti-sweatshop movement demands. Analyzing those responses as driven by legitimacy contests between companies and activists, the study explains why anti-sweatshop movements had significant outcomes early on and shows the mechanisms that allowed firms to withdraw from initial concessions at a later stage. In the course of changing interaction dynamics and contexts, companies developed strategies building on competing sources of legitimacy to circumvent movement demands. The companies thereby compensated for the legitimacy losses inflicted by their withdrawal from earlier concessions and the legitimacy deficits of other solutions. The analysis reveals three strategies firms used to achieve and compensate legitimacy and discusses their contextual combination comparing the two cases: inter-firm cooperation, ethical product labels originating in collaborations with competing social movement actors, and publicly fighting back against campaign makers.
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D’Souza, Clare, and Emmanuel Yiridoe. "Producer’s Self-Declared Wind Energy ECO-Labeling Consequences on the Market: A Canadian Case Study." Sustainability 11, no. 5 (February 26, 2019): 1218. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11051218.
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The demand for environmental labels is increasingly becoming important for consumers to differentiate products and to make an informed choice. This study reports the findings of a business case study in Nova Scotia (Canada) that demonstrates how renewable wind energy and wind labeling can extend the competitive advantage of a producer. By using qualitative case study techniques, the study generates evidence which suggests on the firm level that wind energy and labelling influences competitive advantage of firms, can dictate a premium price, can differentiate products, yet achieve a low-cost advantage. Wind labels also have the potential to drive the supply chain’s environmental value to the consumer as the end user by requiring the distribution chain to follow good environmental practices. On the consumer level, in terms of label information, whereby product qualities cannot be evaluated by a search prior to purchase or by experience after purchase, eco-friendliness of the product can take predominance. Not all consumers will buy eco-friendly eggs; instead, there are other factors that drive consumers, such as their opinions towards wind technology, consumer psychographics, personality, and other behavioural determinants and, hence, attract a strong niche market. Finally, for the trust in labels, though the producer does not have third party accreditation, the labels work for them, through the means-end chain analysis where egoistic and altruistic intentions persuade environmental behaviour. As such, this study highlights the probability that in principle, there appears to be an opportunity for wind labelling to be successful; in practice, wind labelling is bound to attract a particular niche market through differentiation strategies.
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Guenzi, Alberto. "Building brand awareness with a bowl of cherries." Journal of Historical Research in Marketing 7, no. 1 (February 16, 2015): 113–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jhrm-07-2013-0043.
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Purpose – This paper aims to approach the issue of premium offers in Italy by discussing the case study of Fabbri, a firm operating since 1905 in the business of liqueurs, syrups and semi-manufactured products for ice cream. Design/methodology/approach – The research takes into analysis three marketing schemes, all related to direct premium promotions, adopted by Fabbri at various times during the twentieth century. The evolution of the company’s marketing strategy is outlined drawing on several types of sources: archive documents, posters and labels and audiovisual material. It is analysed in the socio-economic and legal context of twentieth century Italy, and in comparison with premium offers in the USA and Europe. Findings – The study argues that direct premium may represent a long-lasting and efficient marketing strategy when a firm is able to adapt it to a context that changes over time. Fabbri not only used premium offers to launch its products but also to consolidate its brand image. Research limitations/implications – By showing that innovative promotions are not necessarily connected to large firms, Fabbri’s case suggests that further research should be carried out to outline marketing policies carried out by small to medium enterprises. Originality/value – Much has been written on premium offers in the USA and in Europe, but very little on such types of promotions in Italy, especially with reference to direct premiums. This study fills this gap and documents that a small family-owned firm was able to carry out innovative marketing policies as far as in the 1920s.
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Chamberlain, S. C. "If your mineral collection is in a fire." Geological Curator 8, no. 9 (October 2008): 427–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.55468/gc396.
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In 2006, an accidental fire in the storage facility for a large mineral collection provided a case study in how to approach fighting the fire, how to stabilize the collection immediately following the fire, and how to recover from the disaster as well as possible. If the curator can be present while the fire is fought, calm persistence is beneficial. Too often emphasis rests on saving the structure rather than on saving the contents, and fire fighters need to be told to emphasize minimizing unnecessary damage to the collection. Preserving the card catalogue, of course, is of particular importance. In this instance, the fire was prevented from burning up any of the collection; however, several kinds of serious damage still occurred: cabinets were thrown out a second storey window to gain access to the fire; smoke and soot coated specimens stored very near the fire; adjacent to where the fire was fought, specimens became intermingling with charred wood, wet plaster board, melted insulation and fire-suppressing foam; and all the other specimens, labels, and cabinets suffered from water damage. These situations require different approaches, which are discussed. In all these conditions, stabilizing the situation to prevent further damage and to permit cleanup and repair of the storage facility is the first priority and needs to be attended to immediately. Recovery of the collection takes much longer, but can proceed smoothly once the situation is stabilized. Insurance coverage must be adequate to include both repairs to the structure and stabilization and recovery of the collection. The use of professionals who specialize in fire and flood cleanup is recommended provided they can be closely supervised by the collection's curator. Otherwise, they will probably worry about mould and mildew and throw away all wet and charred paper, including labels and records. Bringing in such a team permits successful stabilization in a shortened time if they are well supervised. Other lessons learned include: 1) Catalogue the collection and safeguard the catalogue. Be certain numbers attached to the specimens will survive soaking in water and strong detergents (fire-suppressing foam) for days. Many mineral specimens are more durable than you think, but labels are not. Durable storage cabinets can largely protect a collection, but paper labels may be degraded. Write the specimen number on the back of old labels to enable reassociation with the specimens if things get scrambled.
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Barahona, Nano, Cristóbal Otero, and Sebastián Otero. "Equilibrium Effects of Food Labeling Policies." Econometrica 91, no. 3 (2023): 839–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.3982/ecta19603.
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We study a regulation in Chile that mandates warning labels on products whose sugar or caloric concentration exceeds certain thresholds. We show that consumers substitute from labeled to unlabeled products—a pattern mostly driven by products that consumers mistakenly believe to be healthy. On the supply side, we find substantial reformulation of products and bunching at the thresholds. We develop and estimate an equilibrium model of demand for food and firms' pricing and nutritional choices. We find that food labels increase consumer welfare by 1.8% of total expenditure, and that these effects are enhanced by firms' responses. We then use the model to study alternative policy designs. Under optimal policy thresholds, food labels and sugar taxes generate similar gains in consumer welfare, but food labels benefit the poor relatively more.
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Roman, Svoboda, and Kopecka Lenka. "The Sweezy model of price competition among private labels of chain stores." Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská ekonomika) 63, No. 7 (July 11, 2017): 299–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/355/2015-agricecon.
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The aim of the paper is to verify and explain the actual effects of the Sweezy oligopoly model and its eventual impact on the consumer demand and the structure of the food supply of chain stores. The methodology of the paper is based on a comparative analysis of the structure of commodities of chain stores in the Czech Republic in terms of consumer demand and its change over time. An example of this model behaviour of firms may be the competition between two supermarket chains Billa and Kaufland in the market with private label products (e.g. pork meat). Results of the analysis of the Sweezy model imply that the change in company costs due to higher prices of inputs does not affect product prices and this is the reason behind the rigidity of prices in the oligopolistic markets in the Sweezy model.
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Mills, A., and N. Wells. "Smart, reusable labels for assessing self-cleaning films." Chemical Communications 51, no. 20 (2015): 4161–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4cc09734c.
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Novel, reusable photocatalyst activity indicator label undergoes a rapid colour change when placed in contact with a photocatalytic film via the photoreduction of methylene blue contained within the label's adhesive, and is ideal for assessing photocatalytic activity in situ and in laboratory work.
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Wang, Junling, Yupeng Wang, Liping Liu, Hengfu Yin, Ning Ye, and Can Xu. "Weakly Supervised Forest Fire Segmentation in UAV Imagery Based on Foreground-Aware Pooling and Context-Aware Loss." Remote Sensing 15, no. 14 (July 19, 2023): 3606. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs15143606.
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In recent years, tragedies caused by forest fires have been frequently reported. Forest fires not only result in significant economic losses but also cause environmental damage. The utilization of computer vision techniques and unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) for forest fire monitoring has become a primary approach to accurately locate and extinguish fires during their early stages. However, traditional computer-based methods for UAV forest fire image segmentation require a large amount of pixel-level labeled data to train the networks, which can be time-consuming and costly to acquire. To address this challenge, we propose a novel weakly supervised approach for semantic segmentation of fire images in this study. Our method utilizes self-supervised attention foreground-aware pooling (SAP) and context-aware loss (CAL) to generate high-quality pseudo-labels, serving as substitutes for manual annotation. SAP collaborates with bounding box and class activation mapping (CAM) to generate a background attention map, which aids in the generation of accurate pseudo-labels. CAL further improves the quality of the pseudo-labels by incorporating contextual information related to the target objects, effectively reducing environmental noise. We conducted experiments on two publicly available UAV forest fire datasets: the Corsican dataset and the Flame dataset. Our proposed method achieved impressive results, with IoU values of 81.23% and 76.43% for the Corsican dataset and the Flame dataset, respectively. These results significantly outperform the latest weakly supervised semantic segmentation (WSSS) networks on forest fire datasets.
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Neumann, Ingrid. "The Language of Negotiation in Management Training." HERMES - Journal of Language and Communication in Business 6, no. 11 (July 29, 2015): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/hjlcb.v6i11.21533.
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In this paper teaching Negotiation in a foreign language is seen as teaching 'the language of Negotiation' rather than teaching Negotiation techniques. One teaching project in a Norwegian firm is described. Method and content in the course are based on research using Negotiation data and on an 'on-line' needs analysis. Two teaching units are focused on: questions and 'meta-labels'.
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Supardianningsih, Supardianningsih, Afifah Mutsla, Meisi Riana, Septia Ardiani, and Bunda Amalia. "Development of Smart Packaging Film Label based on pH Sensor from Natural Source: Red Spinach for Freshness Detector of Meat." Journal of Aceh Physics Society 12, no. 3 (September 23, 2023): 8–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.24815/jacps.v12i3.32303.
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Abstrak. Smart packaging merupakan salah satu teknologi baru dalam bidang pengemasan yang dapat menginformasikan perubahan yang terjadi pada produk atau lingkungannya seperti suhu, pH, dan pertumbuhan mikroba. Pada penelitian ini akan dikembangkan label film smart packaging berbasis sensor pH dari sumber alami berupa ekstrak bayam merah. Dari hasil penelitian ditemukan bahwa ekstrak bayam merah dengan pH = 2 memiliki nilai serapan yang tinggi, paling asam, dan warna paling solid dibandingkan pH lainnya, dibuktikan dengan hasil UV-Vis dengan puncak tertinggi. Hasil pengujian FTIR menunjukan ekstrak bayam merah masih terdeteksi di dalam sample label film kemasan. Label film dengan konsentrasi ekstrak bayam merah 6%, 8%, dan 10% memiliki hasil uji ketebalan, kuat tarik dan elongasi yang seragam dengan rata-rata nilai untuk uji ketebalan 0,015 mm, uji kuat tarik dengan nilai 5,67 kgf/cm², dan uji elongasi 0,19%. Label film dengan konsentrasi ekstrak bayam merah 6%, 8% dan 10% memiliki warna yang solid dan menghasilkan perubahan warna yang mudah diamati. Tidak hanya itu dalam pengujian fisik, mekanik kerekteristik UV-Vis, FTIR dan perubahan warna nya label film dengan konsentrasi 6%, 8%, 10% memiliki hasil uji yang baik dan dapat diaplikasikan pada kemasan daging. Abstract. Smart packaging is a new technology in the field of packaging that can inform changes that occur in products or their environment, such as temperature, pH, and microbial growth. In this research a smart packaging film label based on a pH sensor will be developed from a natural source in the form of red spinach extract. From the research results it was found that red spinach extract with pH = 2 had the highest absorption value, the most acidic, and the most solid color compared to other pHs, as evidenced by the UV-Vis results with the highest peaks. The results of the FTIR test showed that red spinach extract was still detected in the sample packaging film labels. Film labels with red spinach extract concentrations of 6%, 8%, and 10% had uniform thickness, tensile strength and elongation test results with an average value for the thickness test of 0.015 mm, tensile strength test with a value of 5.67 kgf/cm², and 0.19% elongation test. Film labels with red spinach extract concentrations of 6%, 8% and 10% have solid colors and produce easily observable color changes. Not only that, in physical testing, mechanical characteristics UV-Vis, FTIR and changes in color, film labels with concentrations of 6%, 8%, 10% have good test results and can be applied to meat packaging.
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Gao, Yanzi, Ke Feng, Jin Zhang, and Lanying Zhang. "Finger-Temperature-Detecting Liquid Crystal Composite Film for Anti-Counterfeiting Labels." Molecules 25, no. 3 (January 25, 2020): 521. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25030521.
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The development of the economy has increased the demand for anti-counterfeiting technologies, and with the traditional ones becoming known to the public, new and more effective ones are needed. In this study, a series of liquid crystal mixtures containing side-chain liquid crystal polymers and small-molecular-weight liquid crystals (LCs) were designed and prepared. The phase transition behavior and self-assembling structures of the LC mixtures were investigated by a combination of differential scanning calorimetry, polarized optical microscopy, and small-angle X-ray diffraction. The optical properties of the mixture film were characterized with a UV/VIS/IR spectrum study. The results reveal that the obtained film exhibited different optical modes between transparent, scattering, and selective reflection under finger-temperature control. Therefore, by the introduction of a coexisting thermal- or optical-polymer-dispersed network, a liquid crystal composite film with an integration of apparent optical switching modes and enhanced strength and toughness was successfully demonstrated. This research provides a versatile strategy for the design and preparation of liquid crystal anti-counterfeiting materials for practical use. In this study, a prototype finger-temperature-detecting anti-counterfeiting label was prepared, and its temperature-response property was demonstrated.
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Kim, Jeong Min, Jae Min Bak, Bogyu Lim, Yu Jin Jung, Byong Chon Park, Min Ji Park, Jong Mok Park, Hyung-il Lee, and Seo-Hyun Jung. "Background color dependent photonic multilayer films for anti-counterfeiting labeling." Nanoscale 14, no. 14 (2022): 5377–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1nr08482h.
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Chu, Dani, Matthew Reyers, James Thomson, and Lucas Yifan Wu. "Route identification in the National Football League." Journal of Quantitative Analysis in Sports 16, no. 2 (June 25, 2020): 121–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jqas-2019-0047.
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AbstractTracking data in the National Football League (NFL) is a sequence of spatial-temporal measurements that varies in length depending on the duration of the play. In this paper, we demonstrate how model-based curve clustering of observed player trajectories can be used to identify the routes run by eligible receivers on offensive passing plays. We use a Bernstein polynomial basis function to represent cluster centers, and the Expectation Maximization algorithm to learn the route labels for each of the 33,967 routes run on the 6963 passing plays in the data set. With few assumptions and no pre-existing labels, we are able to closely recreate the standard route tree from our algorithm. We go on to suggest ideas for new potential receiver metrics that account for receiver deployment and movement common throughout the league. The resulting route labels can also be paired with film to enable streamlined queries of game film.
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Ortiz, Roberto Carlos. "La estrella del melodrama como heroína noir: La huella de unos labios (1952) / The melodrama star as a noir film heroine: The Trace of Some Lips (1952)." Balajú. Revista de Cultura y Comunicación de la Universidad Veracruzana, no. 8 (August 2, 2018): 69–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.25009/blj.v0i8.2552.
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Este trabajo reexamina La huella de unos labios (Juan Bustillo Oro, 1952), una poco conocida adaptación mexicana del autor de historias de suspenso Cornell Woolrich, y considera la película dentro de varios contextos: las heroínas de otras adaptaciones de Woolrich al cine, la mujer en el film noir mexicano y la imagen de estrella de la actriz Rosario Granados. La contextualización sostiene que María es una heroína noir inusitada dentro del cine mexicano cuya caracterización ilustra los discursos contradictorios sobre la mujer en el cine de la Época de Oro. El trabajo considera el efecto del casting de Rosario Granados, estrella de melodramas, en un film noir.
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Paul, BJ, and CR Das. "Management of the Pre Pubertal Girls with Labial Adhesions." Journal of Nepalgunj Medical College 12, no. 2 (February 4, 2016): 30–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jngmc.v12i2.14473.
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Back ground: Pre pubertal labial adhesion is an important pediatric gynecological problem. Parents panic about this condition as absent vagina, which is rather very easy to handle in a very simple, rapid, surgical management.Objective: the purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of surgical treatment on prepubertal girls with labial adhesions.Methods: A period of 3 years from May 2011 to May 2014 was taken to conduct a study about this condition on prepubertal girls. The place of study was Nepalgunj Medical College, Kohalpur, Banke, Nepal. All patients underwent either outpatient surgical treatment or in operation theatre under short anesthesia, those who were either frightened or non cooperative. They were placed in gynecological (dorsal) position. A thin stainless steel lubricated probe or 1-2 mm. size, Hegar dilator was used to separate the labia minora by firm pressure.Result: All patients were successfully treated and at present they are being followed for recurrence.Conclusion: This benign disorder can be treated by any gynecologist as an office procedure.JNGMC Vol. 12 No. 2 December 2014
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Messenger, Cory. "Record Collectors: Hollywood Record Labels in the 1950s and 1960s." Media International Australia 148, no. 1 (August 2013): 118–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1329878x1314800113.
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The affiliation between film and music is the cornerstone of modern entertainment industry synergy. This article examines one of the key chapters in that relationship: the period in the 1950s during which the major studios entered the record business. Ostensibly designed to capitalise on the emerging film soundtrack market, the flurry of mergers, acquisitions and the establishment of new record labels coincided with the rise of rock‘n’ roll and the explosion of the market for recorded popular music. The studios quickly found that in order to keep their record labels afloat, they needed to establish a foothold in popular music. The processes by which they achieved this transformed the marketing of recorded music, sparking a period of unprecedented commercial success for the record industry in the late 1960s. Simultaneously, from these record subsidiaries Hollywood learned how to market cinema to a youth audience, heralding the arrival of ‘New Hollywood’.
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van 't Veld, Klaas. "Eco-Labels: Modeling the Consumer Side." Annual Review of Resource Economics 12, no. 1 (October 6, 2020): 187–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-resource-110319-115158.
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The theoretical literature analyzing eco-label programs has focused mainly on how intricate interactions between firms, eco-label certifiers, and regulators shape these programs’ economic and environmental outcomes. Far less attention has been paid to the consumer side, which has typically been modeled very simply. Meanwhile, empirical researchers in behavioral economics, social psychology, and market research have accumulated a large body of empirical evidence that paints a rich, complex picture of that consumer. In this review, I survey a range of these empirical findings, as well as attempts by theorists to incorporate them in their models. The survey is organized around three themes: ( a) varieties of consumer ignorance, ( b) context dependence of consumer motivations, and ( c) motivational spillover effects across time and people. I also touch on the relative importance of private and public benefits of eco-label programs and on the debate over whether the private benefits should even be counted in welfare.
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Dong, Xing Guang, and Shen Jie Zhou. "Study on the Shrinkable Behavior of PETG/PET Blending Shrink Film." Materials Science Forum 863 (August 2016): 116–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.863.116.
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This paper has studied heat shrinkable behaviors of PETG/PET blending film under different blending ratio. The shrink curve, shrink force, film structure and film seaming property were studied by use of electron stretcher, SEM, shrink force tester, shrinkage tester and so on. The results indicated that PETG/PET blending film had uniform internal structure, single melting point which increased with the PET content, and more than 75% TD shrinkage of PETG/PET blending film was achieved which can be widely used in sleeve labels, but MD shrinkage and shrink force was gradually increased with the increase of PET content inside. At the same time, PETG/PET shrink film had better film stiffness, lower seaming strength, higher density and sharper shrink curve under same shrink temperature.
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Szusta, Jarosław, Adam Tomczyk, and Özler Karakaş. "A New Method for Estimating the Clamping Force of Shrink Sleeve Labels." Materials 11, no. 12 (December 14, 2018): 2544. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma11122544.
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The paper presents an original method for estimating the shrink sleeve label compressive force on packaging. One of the most popular methods of measuring deformations was used, i.e., the electrical resistance strain gauge measurement. It was assumed that the packaging was a thin-walled axially symmetrical vessel. The packing walls on one side are loaded with internal pressure generated by heating the liquid contained inside the packaging. On the other side, the film shrinking on the packaging generates additional deformation. By measuring the changes in circumferential deformations in the shrinking process at various packaging heights, it is possible to infer the uniformity of the film compressive force. Results of research on changes of these deformations over time with different intensity values of the shrinkage medium were presented.
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Castka, Pavel, and Charles Corbett. "Adoption and diffusion of environmental and social standards." International Journal of Operations & Production Management 36, no. 11 (November 7, 2016): 1504–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijopm-01-2015-0037.
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Purpose The increased focus on sustainability has led firms to incorporate a range of sustainability practices in their products, processes and supply chains. Because these practices are typically difficult to observe, firms often seek an independent verification and adopt voluntary environmental and social standards and eco-labels such as ISO 14000, FSC, USDA Organic or Fairtrade. The purpose of this paper is to study several factors linked to their adoption. Design/methodology/approach Drawing on existing theory, the authors hypothesize that environmental and social standards will be more widely adopted if they are better-governed, less stringent and more favorably covered in the media. The authors collect data on 41 eco-labels from multiple data sources. Findings The authors find that the better-governed labels are more widely adopted, but that more stringent labels within the sample are not less widely adopted. More favorable media coverage is not associated with wider adoption. Research limitations/implications The study focuses on the diffusion of a sample of well-established eco-labels. To establish causal links, longitudinal data on governance, stringency, adoption and media coverage would be needed. Practical implications Managers deciding which eco-label to adopt need not be concerned that a more stringent label will inevitably yield less business value due to the label being less widely adopted. However, they should care whether a label is seen to be well-governed. Managers cannot use the way a label is portrayed in the media as a predictor for adoption. Originality/value Past research has often ignored how characteristics of environmental and social standards impact their diffusion. The work contributes to the growing literature on diffusion of voluntary standards and eco-labels by adding a quantitative and multi-sectoral perspective.
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Gnecchi, Flavio. "B2B Brand Management and Private Labels Products." European Scientific Journal, ESJ 14, no. 28 (October 31, 2018): 115. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2018.v14n28p115.
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Brand management always requires the definition of a strategy, in order to maintain and strengthen relationships with customers. Brand management makes it possible for companies to pursue a variety of goals, which is the aim of every company. This is irrespective of the fact that every organization can scale their intensity and priorities on the basis of their specific strategic guidelines, influenced by endogenous and exogenous variables to the company. Also in B2B, it is crucial to properly assess the opportunities, and the related commitments, linked to brand management. A particular businessto- business context occurs due to the progressively growing phenomenon of private labels. After their success in supermarkets, private labels have also gained a foothold in the wholesale trade. Therefore, for some manufacturing firms, a different channel is feasible and is represented by commercial companies that wish to submit their own brand products to end customers (supermarket chains) and professional operators (wholesale warehouses).
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Kainth, Jyoti, and Gautam Kainth. "KKCL: exploring growth opportunities." Emerald Emerging Markets Case Studies 5, no. 4 (July 9, 2015): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eemcs-09-2014-0234.
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Subject area Product Management, Marketing Strategy, Growth Strategies. Study level/applicability Bachelor of Business Studies, MBA, Executive MBA. Case overview The case documents the humble beginning of Kewal Kiran Clothing Limited (KKCL) in 1981 to its current position as a leading fashion apparel brand in India. However, competition from new national players, emergence of global players in India, private labels of retailers and dawn of Internet retailing has created significant growth challenges for the firm. Mr Jain, the Managing Director of KKCL, is contemplating the growth strategies for the firm and possible changes in the business model, as he is developing the 2014-2015 strategic plan for KKCL. This is imperative to reach the ambitious sales target of INR 10 billion by 2018-2019. The students are expected to assess the performance of KKCL on multiple quantitative and qualitative data points given in the case and exhibits. It encourages them to come up with possible growth strategies for the firm. Expected learning outcomes The case is expected to guide students in comprehending the multi-thronged challenges pertaining to fashion apparel industry; in Situational Analysis of the firm, which includes assessing internal and external factors; and in recommending the best possible growth strategy after due evaluation and deliberation using Ansoff's Matrix. Supplementary materials Teaching notes are available for educators only. Please contact your library to gain login details or email support@emeraldinsight.com to request teaching notes.
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Hanser, Eva-Maria. "‘Muzak for Frogs’—Representations of ‘Nature’ in Decoder (1984)." Humanities 10, no. 2 (April 9, 2021): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/h10020067.
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This paper examines the various representations of ‘nature’ present in Decoder (1984), a German experimental cyberpunk film that was inspired by William S. Burroughs’ thoughts on utilising tapes as revolutionary weapons. Though Decoder is not a film one would easily associate with labels, such as ‘green’ or ‘environmental’, signs and images that represent or refer to ‘nature’ and non-human life are not omitted. Through a close reading of the film, the paper first explores the ways in which these representations convey and evoke certain meanings and associations and then elucidates the themes at play in the context of these representations.
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Mailath, George J., Larry Samuelson, and Avner Shaked. "Endogenous Inequality in Integrated Labor Markets with Two-Sided Search." American Economic Review 90, no. 1 (March 1, 2000): 46–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.90.1.46.
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We consider a market with “red” and “green” workers, where labels are payoff irrelevant. Workers may acquire skills. Skilled workers search for vacancies, while firms search for workers. A unique symmetric equilibrium exists in which color is irrelevant. There are also asymmetric equilibria in which firms search only for green workers, more green than red workers acquire skills, skilled green workers receive higher wages, and the unemployment rate is higher among skilled red workers. Discrimination between ex ante identical individuals arises in equilibrium, and yet firms have perfect information about their workers, and strictly prefer to hire minority workers. (JEL C70, D40, J30)
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Li, Qingsong, Ning Qi, Yu Peng, Yafeng Zhang, Lei Shi, Xiaohua Zhang, Yuekun Lai, Kai Wei, Ick Soo Kim, and Ke-Qin Zhang. "Sub-micron silk fibroin film with high humidity sensibility through color changing." RSC Advances 7, no. 29 (2017): 17889–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ra28460d.
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A Sub-micron silk fibroin film with high humidity sensibility through color changing is achieved by spin-coating fibroin aqueous solution, and it can be potentially applied for low-cost and fast humidity detection, as well as anti-counterfeit labels.
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Pan, Jin, Xiaoming Ou, and Liang Xu. "A Collaborative Region Detection and Grading Framework for Forest Fire Smoke Using Weakly Supervised Fine Segmentation and Lightweight Faster-RCNN." Forests 12, no. 6 (June 10, 2021): 768. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f12060768.
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Forest fires are serious disasters that affect countries all over the world. With the progress of image processing, numerous image-based surveillance systems for fires have been installed in forests. The rapid and accurate detection and grading of fire smoke can provide useful information, which helps humans to quickly control and reduce forest losses. Currently, convolutional neural networks (CNN) have yielded excellent performance in image recognition. Previous studies mostly paid attention to CNN-based image classification for fire detection. However, the research of CNN-based region detection and grading of fire is extremely scarce due to a challenging task which locates and segments fire regions using image-level annotations instead of inaccessible pixel-level labels. This paper presents a novel collaborative region detection and grading framework for fire smoke using a weakly supervised fine segmentation and a lightweight Faster R-CNN. The multi-task framework can simultaneously implement the early-stage alarm, region detection, classification, and grading of fire smoke. To provide an accurate segmentation on image-level, we propose the weakly supervised fine segmentation method, which consists of a segmentation network and a decision network. We aggregate image-level information, instead of expensive pixel-level labels, from all training images into the segmentation network, which simultaneously locates and segments fire smoke regions. To train the segmentation network using only image-level annotations, we propose a two-stage weakly supervised learning strategy, in which a novel weakly supervised loss is proposed to roughly detect the region of fire smoke, and a new region-refining segmentation algorithm is further used to accurately identify this region. The decision network incorporating a residual spatial attention module is utilized to predict the category of forest fire smoke. To reduce the complexity of the Faster R-CNN, we first introduced a knowledge distillation technique to compress the structure of this model. To grade forest fire smoke, we used a 3-input/1-output fuzzy system to evaluate the severity level. We evaluated the proposed approach using a developed fire smoke dataset, which included five different scenes varying by the fire smoke level. The proposed method exhibited competitive performance compared to state-of-the-art methods.
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Barton, D., and G. G. Bodiwala. "Assessment of a Triage Label System during a Major Incident Exercise." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 6, no. 4 (December 1991): 473–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x00039005.
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AbstractThe Metag triage label system was assessed during a major incident exercise at an international airport. The exercise simulated a crash of a plane carrying 40 passengers within the airport boundaries. A secondary incident also was staged involving an explosion resulting in a fire with three victims injured. The exercise involved the airport, fire, police, ambulance, and medical services of three counties—Leicestershire, Derbyshire, and Nottinghamshire. Use of the labels enabled evaluation of the triage process, early medical intervention for victims, and completion of the cards.
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Styawati, Andi Nurkholis, Zaenal Abidin, and Heni Sulistiani. "Optimasi Parameter Support Vector Machine Berbasis Algoritma Firefly Pada Data Opini Film." Jurnal RESTI (Rekayasa Sistem dan Teknologi Informasi) 5, no. 5 (October 24, 2021): 904–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.29207/resti.v5i5.3380.
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The Support Vector Machine (SVM) method is a method that is widely used in the classification process. The success of the classification of the SVM method depends on the soft margin coefficient C, as well as the parameter of the kernel function. The SVM parameters are usually obtained by trial and error, but this method takes a long time because they have to try every combination of SVM parameters, therefore the purpose of this study is to find the optimal SVM parameter value based on accuracy. This study uses the Firefly Algorithm (FA) as a method for optimizing SVM parameters. The data set used in this study is data on public opinion on several films. Class labels used in data classification are positive class labels and negative class labels. The amount of data used in this study is 2179 data, with the distribution of 436 data as test data and 1743 data as training data. Based on this data, an evaluation process was carried out on the Firefly Algorithm-Support Vector Machine (FA-SVM). The results of this study indicate that the Firefly Algorithm can obtain the optimal combination of SVM parameters based on accuracy, so there is no need for trial and error to get that value. This is evidenced by the results of the FA-SVM evaluation using a value range of C=1.0-3.0 and =0.1-1.0 resulting in the highest accuracy of 87.84%. The next evaluation using a range of values C=1.0-3.0 and =1.0-2.0 resulted in the highest accuracy of 87.15%.
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Gröppel-Klein, Andrea, Claudia Franke, and Anja Spilski. "Do Sustainability Labels Reinforce Health Claims - And Vice Versa?" Marketing ZFP 42, no. 2 (2020): 3–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.15358/0344-1369-2020-2-3.
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Health has become a crucial advertising factor for food producers and retailers. Firms can now use health claims as effective tools to differentiate their products. However, several critical issues impact the efficiency of such health claims. In this study we investigate whether a co-labelling strategy might enhance the impact of health claims by combining the claim with a reinforcing element (“strong partner”), namely a sustainability label. The most common sustainability labels are the organic and the fair-trade label. Our findings show that combining a health claim with a sustainability label does indeed increase the credibility of the health claim, which then helps convey the product’s health message – although we find that this only applies to co-labelling with an organic label. At the same time, the organic label benefits from co-labelling with the health claim, and itself then becomes more credible.
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Gröppel-Klein, Andrea, Claudia Franke, and Anja Spilski. "Do Sustainability Labels Reinforce Health Claims - And Vice Versa?" Marketing ZFP 42, no. 2 (2020): 3–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.15358/0344-1369-2020-2-3.
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Health has become a crucial advertising factor for food producers and retailers. Firms can now use health claims as effective tools to differentiate their products. However, several critical issues impact the efficiency of such health claims. In this study we investigate whether a co-labelling strategy might enhance the impact of health claims by combining the claim with a reinforcing element (“strong partner”), namely a sustainability label. The most common sustainability labels are the organic and the fair-trade label. Our findings show that combining a health claim with a sustainability label does indeed increase the credibility of the health claim, which then helps convey the product’s health message – although we find that this only applies to co-labelling with an organic label. At the same time, the organic label benefits from co-labelling with the health claim, and itself then becomes more credible.
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Naviskas Junior, Celso, Deusdete Conceição Gomes Junior, Marcondes Pessoa De Freitas, and Eunice Santos De Andrade. "Fibrossarcoma em comissura labial em cão: Relato de caso." Pubvet 17, no. 07 (July 27, 2023): e1425. http://dx.doi.org/10.31533/pubvet.v17n7e1425.
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O fibrossarcoma é um tumor mesenquimal maligno classificado como terceiro tumor oral mais comum em cães. Localmente agressivo e invasivo, possui baixo índice de metástase se identificado precocemente. O tratamento é a ressecção com margem de segurança para evitar recidiva que é comum nessa tumoração. Este relato reporta o caso desta afecção em canina que apresentava doença periodontal, sangramento gengival e edema da face interna da comissura labial direita. Essa tumoração possuía aspecto firme, com presença de inflamação e de formato arredondado. Foi efetuada a citologia como medida diagnóstica, onde apresentou a conclusão de amostra compatível com neoplasia mesenquimal. Assim, foi realizado como tratamento a ressecção cirúrgica total, com margens adequadas, associada a cirurgia reconstrutiva por ausência de tecido suficiente para realização da sutura e fechamento cirúrgico devido ao local da ressecção. A amostra foi enviada para estudo histopatológico e o resultado foi processo tumoral compatível com fibrossarcoma. Após revisão e remoção dos pontos o animal foi encaminhado para o setor especializado em oncologia veterinária.
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Desmaryani, Susi, Novira Kusrini, Weni Lestari, Dwi Septiyarini, Asti Harkeni, Rusli Burhansyah, Juliana C. Kilmanun, et al. "Investigating the role of brand image and halal labels on purchase decisions: An empirical study of rice processing firms." Uncertain Supply Chain Management 12, no. 1 (2024): 481–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.5267/j.uscm.2023.9.004.
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This study aims to examine the effect of halal labels on purchasing decisions with brand image as an intervening variable in rice processing companies. The study investigates the effect of halal labels on purchasing decisions, the effect of the halal label on brand image and the effect of brand image on purchasing decisions. The research method is quantitative and carried out using an online questionnaire distributed through social media. Determination of the research sample used a purposive sampling method, with the criteria of consumers of rice processing companies domiciled in the last year. 345 filled questionnaires were collected and processed using structural equation modeling (SEM). The results show that the halal label and brand image had a significant effect on purchasing decisions, brand image also played a mediating variable between the effect of halal labels and purchasing decisions. The study contributes to the theory that halal labels and brand image had a positive impact on purchase intentions. Company managers apply a halal label and create a brand image to increase purchase intention. Meanwhile for the industry, the research can be an important reference for consumer responses. Moreover, for academics, the results of this study become a reference for knowledge related to factors related to consumer purchasing decisions in consuming rice including the halal label, price, and brand image aspects.
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Peng, Chang-Yi, Che-Wei Hsu, Ching-Wen Li, and Gou-Jen Wang. "Using Anodic Aluminum Oxide Film and Nanoimprint to Produce Polymer Anti-counterfeit Labels." Smart Science 5, no. 3 (June 6, 2017): 117–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/23080477.2017.1336153.
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Yan, Zhengjun, Liming Wang, Kui Qin, Feng Zhou, Jineng Ouyang, Teng Wang, Xinguo Hou, and Leping Bu. "Unsupervised Domain Adaptation for Forest Fire Recognition Using Transferable Knowledge from Public Datasets." Forests 14, no. 1 (December 27, 2022): 52. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f14010052.
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Deep neural networks (DNNs) have driven the recent advances in fire detection. However, existing methods require large-scale labeled samples to train data-hungry networks, which are difficult to collect and even more laborious to label. This paper applies unsupervised domain adaptation (UDA) to transfer knowledge from a labeled public fire dataset to another unlabeled one in practical application scenarios for the first time. Then, a transfer learning benchmark dataset called Fire-DA is built from public datasets for fire recognition. Next, the Deep Subdomain Adaptation Network (DSAN) and the Dynamic Adversarial Adaptation Network (DAAN) are experimented on Fire-DA to provide a benchmark result for future transfer learning research in fire recognition. Finally, two transfer tasks are built from Fire-DA to two public forest fire datasets, the aerial forest fire dataset FLAME and the large-scale fire dataset FD-dataset containing forest fire scenarios. Compared with traditional handcrafted feature-based methods and supervised CNNs, DSAN reaches 82.5% performance of the optimal supervised CNN on the testing set of FLAME. In addition, DSAN achieves 95.8% and 83.5% recognition accuracy on the testing set and challenging testing set of FD-dataset, which outperform the optimal supervised CNN by 0.5% and 2.6%, respectively. The experimental results demonstrate that DSAN achieves an impressive performance on FLAME and a new state of the art on FD-dataset without accessing their labels during training, a fundamental step toward unsupervised forest fire recognition for industrial applications.
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Koonce, Lisa, Marlys Gascho Lipe, and Mary Lea McAnally. "Judging the Risk of Financial Instruments: Problems and Potential Remedies." Accounting Review 80, no. 3 (July 1, 2005): 871–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/accr.2005.80.3.871.
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Information that firms provide about financial instruments and derivatives should help investors judge risk. However, this paper reports that such information often is not effective for this purpose. Through a series of experiments, we demonstrate that the labels firms use to describe financial instruments and derivatives cause investors to assess economically equivalent instruments as different in terms of risk. We also show that loss-only disclosures that companies use to describe their risks cause investors to assess the same level of risk for firms with differing underlying exposures. Moreover, we establish that loss-only disclosures cause investors to make risk judgments that correspond to infrequently used risk-management strategies. We test two possible remedies for these judgment problems. Our results show that additional information describing the underlying economic exposures of a financial instrument does not eliminate the labeling effects. However, we do find that providing investors with upside and downside (i.e., two-sided) risk disclosures help them distinguish among firms using different risk-management strategies.
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Juhler, M., and N. H. Diemer. "A Method for 14C and 3H Double-Label Autoradiography." Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism 7, no. 5 (October 1987): 572–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/jcbfm.1987.107.
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The present study describes and validates a 3H/14C double-label autoradiographic method in which separation of the labels was obtained by sequential film exposures to film types sensitive to 14C only and to both 3H and 14C, respectively. The error in assuming a pure 14C image on the first film was 2–3%. A linear subtraction equation was developed for calculation of the 3H activity expressed in 14C equivalents as the difference in tissue activity between the second and the first film exposure. The actual 3H activity in the tissue could be obtained by multiplying the result by 25 (14C to 3H conversion factor). The subtraction procedure was validated for absolute 14C and 3H activities of 100–1,300 nCi/g and 600–11,000 nCi/g, respectively, and for relative 3H/14C activities between 5 and 10. Self-absorption of 3H in white matter was corrected for by multiplication by 1.61 (self-absorption coefficient). This factor was close to unity for 14C.
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Liu, Ming, Chun Rui Ma, Eric Enriquez, Xing Xu, Shan Yong Bao, and Chong Lin Chen. "Effects of Annealing Ambient on Electrical Properties of LaBaCo2O5+δ Thin Films." Journal of Nano Research 27 (March 2014): 25–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/jnanor.27.25.
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Highly epitaxial LaBaCo2O5+δthin films are successfully fabricated and annealed in different ambient conditions. The LaBaCo2O5+δthin films under O2and N2annealing atmosphere arec-axis oriented with the interface relationship of [100]LBCO//[10LAOand (001)LBCO//(001)LAO. Annealing the film in N2ambient significantly increases the resistivity and magnetoresistance comparing to the films annealed in O2ambient. The magnetoresistance after annealing in N2is almost more than twice of the magnetoresistance after annealing in O2. The result revealed that the electrical properties of the film are highly influenced by annealing atmosphere, indicating that the physical properties can be controlled by adjusting the post annealing atmosphere.
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Bey, Christoph, and Dirk C. Moosmayer. "Making a Brand Loved Rather Than Sustainable? Cosmopolitanism and Brand Love as Competing Communication Claims." Sustainability 15, no. 13 (July 1, 2023): 10402. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su151310402.
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Sustainability labels on products improve consumers’ product quality perceptions, suggests existing research. To understand this link in detail, the interaction of attitudes towards sustainability and attitudes towards the brand are explored. Theoretically, a branding view is contrasted with moral consumer cosmopolitanism: the view that people consider sustainability issues a planetary challenge that must be met by all of humanity. The theory is tested using the case of a global hazelnut spread brand and investigating the interaction between attitudes toward the brand (branding view) and attitude toward firm-NGO collaboration (cosmopolitanism) on consumers’ intention to purchase. Stepwise moderated regression analysis is applied to a sample of 109 French responses from an online consumer survey. Analyses show that for those who rated brand attitude in the highest category (brand lovers), the effect of NGO attitude on purchase intention was negative. By theoretically integrating branding and a cosmopolitan lens, the study contributes to the nascent debate around the potential negative effects of eco-labels. The negative moderation implies that sustainability researchers take a more nuanced approach to different levels of brand attitude and that brand managers consider withholding their sustainability performance from their brand lovers.
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Harris Ricardo, Jonathan, Ary López Alvarez, and Adriana Cuadrado Sandoval. "Fibroma traumático riesgo potencial del tratamiento ortodóntico." Ciencia y Salud Virtual 4, no. 1 (December 30, 2012): 132. http://dx.doi.org/10.22519/21455333.255.
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El Fibroma traumático es considerado la lesión reactiva más frecuente de la cavidad bucal, se origina por una irritación constante o por antecedentes traumáticos, clínicamente se observa lesión papular de consistencia firme, color más claro que la mucosa adyacente, afecta encía, lengua, mucosa de carrillos y labios. Se reporta caso de paciente masculino de 24 años de edad, que asistió al servicio de Estomatología y Cirugía Oral de la Clínica Odontológica de la Corporación Universitaria Rafael Núñez por presentar lesión en mucosa labial asociada a la aparatología utilizada en el tratamiento de ortodoncia, con diagnóstico clínico de fibroma traumático; como terapéutica se realizó escisión quirúrgica y se confirmó el diagnóstico con estudio histopatológico.
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Teisl, Mario F. "What We May Have Is a Failure to Communicate*: Labeling Environmentally Certified Forest Products." Forest Science 49, no. 5 (October 1, 2003): 668–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/forestscience/49.5.668.
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Abstract To develop an understanding of the performance of different eco-labels for certified forest products, we administered a mail survey to a nationally representative sample of U.S. residents. In the survey, respondents viewed different eco-labels and were asked to perform a series of tasks designed to measure the labels' communication performance. Results indicate that relatively detailed labels are more beneficial for consumers (and environmentally sensitive forest product manufacturers) than simpler eco-seals. Eco-seals are the least credible type of label and, in general, do not allow consumers an adequate basis for product differentiation. However, we also find evidence that marginal changes can significantly improve the performance of simple eco-seals. The results suggest that U.S. consumers value the environmental benefits created from more environmentally benign forestry. Thus, consumer-driven purchases could potentially support a future of environmentally benign forest management practices with less reliance on other policy alternatives. However, the results also suggest that the current state of forest product labeling, where firms can (voluntarily) label their products with simple eco-seals from a variety of certification organizations, is not the most effective labeling approach. Parties who are interested in the long-run success of these programs need to consider altering current labeling approaches.