Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'La variabilité de la fréquence cardiaque'
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El, Aarbaoui Tarik. "Exposition personnelle au bruit et variabilité de la fréquence cardiaque." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUS020.
Full textThe work reported in this thesis aimed to evaluate the short-term associations between personal exposure to noise and heart rate variability (VFC) – as a proxy of the state of the autonomic nervous system – in a real-life context. To do so, the analyzes were based on measurements collected by the RECORD Multisensor study, for which subjects wore during one week a set of sensors (a noise dosimeter, an electrocardiograph, an accelerometer and a GPS) during their usual activities. First, we documented concomitant non-linear (positive) associations, as well as lagged (negative) associations between sound level (LAeq) and VFC parameters. Then, we assessed how these associations were modulated by the context of exposure, as defined by the visited places and transport modes used. Although differences between contexts have been reported, their interpretation was limited by factors related to the real-life context measurement and the presence of unmeasured confounding factors. Finally, we focused on the characterization of noise exposure, usually summarized by a single indicator, the LAeq, which represents the average value of the sound energy weighted to match the sensitivity of the human ear. Our study revealed that this indicator was not the most predictive of the cardiovascular response, both in the dimension it represents (energetic) and in the weighting used
Leti, Thomas. "Intérêts de la variabilité de la fréquence cardiaque dans les dysautonomies." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00858366.
Full textCopie, Xavier. "Système nerveux végétatif en pathologie cardio-vasculaire : relation entre la fréquence cardiaque et sa variabilité." Paris 11, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA11T028.
Full textCarré, François. "Analyse des troubles du rythme cardiaque spontanés et de la variabilité sinusale dans différents modèles d'hypertrophie cardiaque." Rennes 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993REN1B008.
Full textVan, De Louw Andry. "Etude des interactions cardiorespiratoires chez le patient sous ventilation mécanique : contribution respective des effets mécaniques et nerveux dans la genèse de la variabilité à court terme des paramètres cardiovasculaires." Thesis, Evry-Val d'Essonne, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010EVRY0019/document.
Full textWhether respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) is related to the negative intrathoracic inspiratory pressure and subsequent baroreflex activation, or directly to brainstem centers is still controversial. To elucidate RSA genesis, we have investigated the effect of the inversion of airway pressure regimen (mechanical ventilation) on the breathing variability of cardiovascular signals (heart rate and arterial pressure) and on the baroreflex. On the one hand, we have shown in a first study that positive pressure ventilation induces an inversion of the breathing arterial pressure variability, which therefore depends mainly on mechanical determinants. On the other hand, RSA phase is not reversed during mechanical ventilation: RSA phase and amplitude are stable over time in some patients (perhaps the most severe) and variable in others, suggesting involvement of central nervous factors. Conflicts between mechanical and nervous mechanisms could occur, as we have shown in a second study that increasing PEEP (positive end-expiratory pressure) induces a stabilization of RSA, in terms of both phase and amplitude, and that “stable” patients have a lower efficiency of autonomic nervous system (reduced baroreflex gain and heart rate variability) compared to the unstable ones. Finally, we have shown that the time-variations of RSA phase and amplitude observed during mechanical ventilation are effectively of central nervous origin, because they disappear in brain dead patients (whose central nervous functions are abolished)
Beffara, Brice. "Variabilité cardiaque de haute fréquence et comportements prosociaux : Approche causale de la théorie polyvagale." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAS020/document.
Full textThe polyvagal theory (Porges, 2007) proposes physiological flexibility as thecorrelate of socio-emotional skills. This physiological flexibility is partially determined by heart-brain interactions measurable by heart rate variability of high frequency (HF-HRV). According to this theory, higher HF-HRV should be associated with better perception of emotions and more prosocial behaviors. If more and more data tend to support this proposal, no experiment allowed to accurately test these hypotheses. We therefore carried-out a set of studies in order to test them. In a first study, we tested the link between HF-HRV and prosocial behavior measured by the level of cooperation. HF-HRV level predicted the level of cooperation but in a specific context. Our second study was designed to test the link between HF-HRV and perception of emotions. Here, the HF-HRV level did not predict better performance in recognition ofemotions. We then wanted to test a possible causal link existing between HF-HRV and prosociality. For this we performed an experiment (Study 3) to manipulate HF-HRV by biofeedback. Biofeedback increased HF-HRV levels but only in low baseline individuals. Study 4 tested whether manipulating HF-HRV by biofeedback could modulate the behavior of cooperation. We did not replicate our findings about the effectiveness of biofeedback and therefore did not observe any effect on cooperation. The fifth and final study allowed to test whether manipulating prosociality modulated the level of HF-HRV. We did not observe any effect of our experimental manipulation on HF-HRV. In conclusion, the prediction made by the polyvagal theory about the link between HF-HRV and prosocial behaviors is corroborated by empirical data but data does not support the link between the perception of emotions and HF-HRV. Short-term experimental manipulations did not reveal any causal relationship between HF-HRV and prosocial behaviors
Cassirame, Johan. "Intérêts et limites de l'utilisation de l'analyse de la variabilité de la fréquence cardiaque pour la pratique sportive." Thesis, Besançon, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BESA3001/document.
Full textHeart Rate Variability Analysis is a non-invasive method for the evaluation of the Autonomic Nervous System activity. This analytical method initially used for clinical diagnosis progressively installed in the field of physical activity for various applications such as early detection of overreaching, calibration of training intensity, ventilatory threshold determination... These methods can be used outside the laboratory environment, but still require particular attention from a methodological aspect in order to be consistent with mathematical or physiological concepts underlying. Each step of this method requires a specific discipline not to lead to misinterpretation. This document details the process from the RR interval measurement phase including accuracy assessment of the devices used in the field or signal treatment with artifacts correction proposing several methods. This work details index from HRV analysis with their technical and conceptual limitations. External factors mat influence the Autonomic Nervous System are described to facilitate the protocol creation and results interpretation
Jutras, Annick. "Variabilité de la fréquence cardiaque lors d'une surcharge lipidique alimentaire chez des hommes avec obésité viscérale." Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/27692/27692.pdf.
Full textAboab, Jérôme. "Effet de la modulation Beta adrénergique au cours du sepsis." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013VERS0033.
Full textBeta blockers modulate the sympathetic/parasympathetic balance. In sepsis heart failure, they restore cardiovascular variability and improve survival. During septic shock, similar effects related to anti-inflammatory role may exist. In this research, we used a porcine endotoxemic model particularly severe characterized by the occurrence of heart failure during the first hour after LPS injection. Vascular filling was the same in each groups. No vasopressor was used. Given the cons-intuitive to use a beta-blocker in septic shock, we first tested the tolerance of beta-blockers during sepsis. The 20% decrease in heart rate was associated with an increase in stroke volume. Cardiac output remained stable whatever the experimental group. In the second experiment, we try to confirm the anti-inflammatory effects reported during sepsis in mouse models. These effects were not found in our model. In addition, the group of animals treated with esmolol showed a worsening of hepatic and renal function compared to the control group, raising the issue of the optimal dosage. Finally, we showed that blocking β1 was associated with an increase in cardiovascular variability reflecting improved overall functioning of the autonomic nervous system. The spectral analysis has revealed that Esmolol alters the sympathetic/parasympathetic balance in favor of parasympathetic activity
Kahn, Jean-François. "Etude de la variabilité du temps de maintien maximal de la contraction isométrique chez l'homme sain." Paris 6, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA061004.
Full textPichot, Vincent. "Investigation de l'activité du système nerveux autonome par la transformée en ondelettes de la variabilité RR : applications physiologiques." Saint-Etienne, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000STET005T.
Full textPereira, de Souza Neto Edmundo. "Variabilité de la pression artérielle et de l'intervalle R-R : validation et analyse par méthode temps-fréquence." Lyon 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000LYO1T196.
Full textLeterme, Anne-Claire. "Apport des nouvelles technologies à la gestion du stress : e-TCC et biofeedback de variabilité de fréquence cardiaque." Thesis, Lille 2, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LIL2S008.
Full textStress is a major public health issue, responsible for the development and aggravation ofa large number of somatic (cardiovascular diseases, cancers, infectious diseases, etc.) andpsychiatric (anxiety, depression, etc.) disorders. Stress management through cognitive,behavioral and emotional therapies (CBT) is effective to reduce the negative consequencesof stress and prevent disorders in people at risk, but its access remains limited. Internetand new digital technologies, in particular self-help, e-CBT and heart rate variabilitybiofeedback (HRV biofeedback) have the potential to enrich CBT-based stressmanagement programs and make their access easier. In this context, the objective of thisthesis was to develop and evaluate innovative treatment formats using CBT and newtechnologies.Initially, the Seren@ctif program, the first French e-CBT program dedicated to stressmanagement, was evaluated in a randomized controlled trial on 120 patients respondingto the diagnosis of adjustment disorder with anxiety (ADA) according to the DSM-5criteria and consulting in the outpatient psychiatry service of the Lille University Hospital.The results showed that internet-based CBT guided by a human face-to-face contact timewith a supervised health professional (blended CBT) is as effective as the same face-tofaceCBT program for the treatment of ADA, compared to a control group of patientsbenefiting from usual care by their general practitioner.Secondly, a new HRV biofeedback, directly based on vagal activation, was designed froma new measure of parasympathetic activation developed by the team of ClinicalInvestigation Center of Innovative Technology at Lille. The different stages of elaborationof this new biofeedback are presented, followed by a proof of concept carried out onseveral patients with various anxiety and depressive disorders. This new HRV biofeedbackis a promising approach to non-invasively stimulate the vagus nerve. It could alsosustainably improve vagal activation and physiologically objectify the beneficial effect ofMindful Breathing. It could be complementary to the traditional respiratory sinusarrhythmia biofeedback and would allow to diversify the behavioral techniques associatedwith biofeedback.Researches presented in this thesis contribute to advancing research in the field ofinformation technologies applied to mental and behavioral health. They open upinnovative perspectives on a new way to deliver an internet-based CBT, on the potentialeffectiveness of a new HRV biofeedback or on the interest of a new marker of flexibilityof the autonomic nervous system in the objective evaluation of the effectiveness of thethird wave of CBT, especially Mindfulness
Viola, Antoine. "La variabilité cardiaque au cours des cycles de sommeil chez l'Homme : un test d'évaluation de l'activité du système nerveux autonome." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2004. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2004/VIOLA_Antoine_2004.pdf.
Full textDesmidt, Thomas. "Physiologie cardiaque et cérébrovasculaire dans la dépression." Thesis, Tours, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012TOUR3320.
Full textDepression and cardiovascular diseases are related but the physiopathology of this association is unclear. Heart rate variability (HRV) and endothelial dysfunction (ED) could account for this association but their involvement remains controversial and only some symptoms of depression, anhedonia and emotional hyporeactivity (EH), seem to be involved. In addition, some methodological obstacles have so far limited the assessment of cardiac and cerebrovascular reactivity in anhedonia and EH. In this work, we establish using two distinct protocols 1) that cerebrovascular changes in depression can be assessed using a new ultrasound technique (Tissue Pulsatility Imaging - TPI) and 2) that HRV and emotional anticipation, as a key process in EH, are associated. Our results suggest that anhedonia and EH in depression can be characterized by a blunted emotional anticipation which is associated with a decreased HRV and a cerebral ED
Ravé, Guillaume. "Evaluation de l’adaptation à l’entraînement du footballeur professionnel par la variabilité de la fréquence cardiaque : intérêt de la position debout." Thesis, Angers, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ANGE0040/document.
Full textHeart Rate Variability (HRV) is a simple and noninvasive tool to assess autonomic nervous system(ANS) influences to the heart. ANS is made of twoopposing effect branches. The sympathetic oneactivates the heart while the parasympathetic one slowsit down. Parasympathetic indicators derived from HRVare well studied in the context of endurance sports.They could be determined by means of time or spectralanalysis (Root mean Square of the Successive Difference, RMSSD, and High Frequency, HF, respectively). They provide key information to monitor training adaptation. In the case of soccer, a balance between training charge and recovery is necessary because of the numerous games during a whole season. HRV is supposed to assist coaches in order tooptimize training and thus players’ physical performance. Many European soccer clubs use the indicator recommended for endurance sports (RMSSD). However, soccer is an intermittent sport that involves theoretically more the sympathetic nervous system(reactivity) than the parasympathetic one. Our studies on professional soccer players show that RMSSD is not the most relevant indicator, neither to monitor training during a pre-season nor to predict fitness perception during competition. We demonstrated that HRV spectralanalysis performed while players are standing is more appropriate since this position involved the sympathetic nervous system. However, spectral analysis failed toidentify sympathetic nervous system as the key determinant of soccer training adaptation. In addition, our results challenged the link between RMSSD and the parasympathetic nervous system. In conclusion,spectral analysis of HRV performed in the standing position is a useful tool in the case of intermittent highlevel sports
Wong, Sara. "Segmentation de l'intervalle RT et description par analyse factorielle de la variabilité de la fréquence cardiaque et de la repolarisation ventriculaire." Rennes 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004REN10033.
Full textCornolo, Jérémy. "Effets de l'entraînement et de l'hypoxie sur le contrôle neurovégétatif de la fonction cardiovasculaire évalué par la variabilité de la fréquence cardiaque." Paris 13, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA132042.
Full textHedreville, Mona. "Effet de l'exercice physique sur l'activité du système nerveux autonome des porteurs du trait drépanocytaire et des patients atteints de la drépanocytose homozygotte." Antilles-Guyane, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010AGUY0390.
Full textShaikh, al arab Abeer. "Intérêt de la variabilité du rythme cardiaque comme marqueur de risque." Thesis, Lille 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LIL2S005.
Full textThe heart rate variability (HRV) has arisen as a promising simple and non invasive biomarker of autonomic nervous system (ANS) function, through its effects on the heart. Multiple studies have shown that the decrease in the HRV is associated usually with poor prognosis. We proposed to further investigate the HRV in other domains of clinical application, including cardiac or extra-cardiac pathologies. In particular, the pathological contexts in which the ANS plays an important role :1-Traffic road accident (RTA) and the risk of development of post traumatic stress disorders (PTSD) in survivors.2-Effect of pain and of epidural analgesia on maternal HRV during childbirth.3-Genetic polymorphisms of beta adrenergic receptors (β-AR) in patients with left ventricular dysfunction and implanted with an implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) for secondary prevention. At first, our study is the first to show that the temporal analysis of 24-h HRV is not only a predictive factor of the occurrence of PTSD but also its severity among victims of RTA AVP. The variability index was the best predictor of PTSD with the area under the receiver-operating curve for discriminating PTSD at 6 month at 0.92 (95% CI:0.785;1.046). Acut-off at 2.19% yielded a sensitivity of 85.7% and a specificity of 81.8% for PTSD. Positive and negative predictive values were respectively 75% and 90%. At next, we showed that the ANI, which reflects the influence of ventilation on heart rate, allows an objective measure of pain in conscious subjects? At last, we found that patients with the substitutions Arg (instead of Gly) at position 16 and Gln (instead of Glu) at position 27 for β2-AR have a lower HRV value than patients with wild type receptor
Schmitt, Laurent. "Effets de l'entraînement en hypoxie et suivi de l'activité du système nerveux végétatif mesurée à partir de la variabilité de la fréquence cardiaque chez des athlètes de haut niveau en endurance." Paris 13, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA132005.
Full textWe have analyzed the efficiency of the « living high-training low » (Hi-Lo) method at the end and 15 days after the hypoxic period and also the relationship between heart rate variability (HRV), training, performance and hypoxia. The study 1, with 40 athletes (nordic-ski, swimming, running), shows an increase in the maximum aerobic capacities and in the hemoglobin level at the end of Hi-Lo. Fifteen days after, the improvement of the performance is maintained but not induced any more by an increase of the oxygen transport capacities, but undoubtedly mainly by the improvement of peripheral factors and the energy cost, not modified at the end of Hi-Lo, is improved. The study 2, with 8 swimmers who followed the same aerobic training at two different altitude levels (1200 m and 1850 m) reports that the changes of HRV and performance are related. This analysis of the HRV allows an effective follow-up of the capacity of the athlete to assimilate the training loads during altitude training. Key words: hypoxia; altitude; performance; aerobic endurance; energy cost; training; neuro-vegetative system; heart rate variability
Sennegon, Bastien. "Etude ergonomique des processus de fatigue en milieu maritime : analyse comparée de situations professionnelles distinctes." Phd thesis, Université d'Orléans, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00459783.
Full textNguyen, Thi Quynh Nga. "Influence de l’infection néonatale précoce et de la primovaccination sur la variabilité cardio-respiratoire du nouveau-né." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014REN1B002.
Full textThe heart rate variability measures permitted to evaluate equilibrium state and perturbation in the regulation of cardio-vascular system. These tools, based on heart rate variability analysis, helped to recognize associated disease state as early onset neonatal sepsis and non-infectious inflammatory response induced to immunization. An increase in global variability (SD), long term variability (SD, LF) and low approximated entropy (ApEn) were observed in the proven-sepsis full term infants. Importance of decrease in ApEn was correlated to the severity of sepsis assessed by blood markers. These suggest an association of sepsis with uncoordinated sympatho-vagal coactivation together with loss of adaptability. In premature infants, the risk of increase in cardio-respiratory events after the first immunization was associated with a specific pre-immunization profile: sympathetic predominance in heart rate control (high LF/HF ratio), abnormal oversimplification of heart rate variability and persistence rhythm control immaturity. Increased ApEn after immunization reflects a marginal result from adaptability of the heart rate to environmental changes without possibility to reserve in case of severe infection
Carles, Sébastien. "Exercice physique, fonctions cognitives et système nerveux autonome dans les pathologies cardiovasculaires." Toulouse 3, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007TOU30112.
Full textWe studied physical exercise effects on cognition and autonomic response to differential stresses, in patients with cardiovascular diseases. Cognitive impairment and dysautonomic cardiac regulation characterise this population. We showed that short term exercise training improves cognitive function at rest. Improvement of cognition is a clinical relevant question in relation to its implication in the quality of life and pharmacological treatment compliance which is dependant of its comprehension. We used heart rate variability analysis to study cardiac autonomic regulations under different stressful conditions. We showed that responses to these stress are identical to modifications before ventricular fibrillation. The association of physical and mental stress potentiates these cardiac responses. Short term exercise training can decrease these potential dangerous responses but its effects are dependant on type of stress
Fournié, Claire. "Activité physique adaptée et cohérence cardiaque en soins de support : leurs effets sur la variabilité de la fréquence cardiaque et la qualité de vie en post-traitement d’une hémopathie maligne." Thesis, La Réunion, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LARE0009.
Full textIntroduction: Hematologic malignancies require aggressive treatment, including intensivechemotherapy and sometimes hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. The repercussions of cancer and its treatment is recognized for their significant long-term adverse effects on health-related quality of life. As a part of cancer treatment, physical exercise is known to improve mainly physical functioning and fatigue, but there are still questions regarding its impact on psychological and emotional functioning. Nonetheless, heart rate variability biofeedback (HRVB) is recognized for its positive effects on autonomic nervous system balance and emotional self-regulation. Recent research in neurocardiology has shown the benefits of Cardiac Coherence (CC) training on the autonomic balance and the psycho-emotional state. Method: The objectives of the research undertaken in this thesis are to evaluate the effects of a nonpharmacological intervention on quality of life in adult hematologic patients in post-treatment time. The recovery of physiological balance is indexed by the Heart Rate Variability (HRV), which is recognized as a window of the Autonomic Nervous System (ANS). We present four studies: an experimental study in healthy subjects to better understand the mechanisms of HRV during slow and deep breathing; a feasibility study on the implementation of an APA program in hematology; preliminary results of a randomized controlled trial evaluating the effects of a program associating APA and CC on HRV, quality of life, fatigue and anxiety-depression; and a qualitative study evaluating the program’s implementation and the effects of the both interventions. Results: Our results first show the feasibility of APA and CC in these patients. Although the results of the HRV analysis are inconclusive, they tend to confirm that CC intervention results in stimulation of vagal tone. Qualitative evaluation provides us with many important insights into the appropriateness of the interventions to the specific needs of the patients and their effectiveness in optimizing a return to the active daily life. Discussion: This research provides new experimental evidence in understanding the mechanisms of cardiac coherence and its applications in the clinical setting. Further experimentation is still needed to deepen our knowledge in the context of a psychophysiological approach in APA on cancer
Salamin, Guillaume. "Influence de l'obésité viscérale sur la variabilité de la fréquence cardiaque chez des patients diabétiques de type 2 ayant subi un pontage coronarien." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/28138/28138.pdf.
Full textSaboul, Damien. "Apports de la variabilité de la fréquence cardiaque dans l'évaluation de la charge d'entraînement et le suivi d'athlètes : aspects méthodologiques et applications pratiques." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LYO10083/document.
Full textDuring the 1980s, it was demonstrated that studying heart rate variability (HRV) makes it possible to estimate the activity of the autonomic nervous system noninvasively. More specifically, many works showed that regular recording of HRV can be used to monitor an athlete’s capacity to adapt to training and their fatigue. Although several authors have suggested using this tool directly in the field, it appears that the lack of a common and uniform methodology sometimes makes it difficult to interpret results. Therefore the research presented in this manuscript follows a methodological tendency with, nonetheless, a practical objective. The first study focuses on the Low Frequency/High Frequency (LF/HF) ratio commonly used as a fatigue indicator. Our results show that in athletes, this ratio is above all modulated by the subject’s respiratory rate and that, contrary to what is currently accepted, a value higher than four does not necessarily express a state of overtraining. The second study compares the daily evolution of different HRV markers over 21 days monitoring of athletes in two different situations: recording of spontaneous breathing and of controlled respiration. We observed that RMSSD and SD1 markers follow precisely the same trends whatever the breathing method. Conversely, our results show once again that rate indexes are above all modulated by an individual’s breathing frequency. The third study focuses on a new HRV-based method for evaluating training load. Based on three recordings that include both the homeostatic disturbances generated by the session and the speed of parasympathetic reactivation, the method proposed permits objectively quantifying training load under field conditions. The strong interactions existing between HRV and training encourage us to continue our investigative approach and use this tool to individualize and optimize athletes’ training programs
Reland, Sylvia. "Effets de l'activité physique sur la variabilité sinusale de la fréquence cardiaque : études cliniques chez la femme senior et expérimentale chez le rat agé." Rennes 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003REN1B076.
Full textLespagnol, Elodie. "Impact du diabète de type 1 sur la vasoréactivité et la variabilité de la fréquence cardiaque au repos et en réponse à l’exercice aigu." Thesis, Lille 2, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LIL2S003.
Full textDespite intensive insulin treatment and advanced techniques of glucose self-monitoring, hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia are frequent complications in type 1 diabetes. Chronic hyperglycemia may contribute to early alterations in endothelial function and in cardiac autonomic activity. The literature about endothelial dysfunction is very large and sometimes contradictory but suggests that endothelial dysfunction can be evidenced during exercise. The underlying mechanisms of the altered vasoreactivity to exercise remain to be explored but may involve a decrease in the bioavailability of the main vasodilating molecule: nitric oxide (NO). In addition, chronic hyperglycemia but also acute hyper or hypoglycemic excursions may alter cardiac autonomic activity, even in patients with still uncomplicated type 1 diabetes. This manifests by a decrease in heart rate variability and in one of its components, the parasympathetic tone. Although regular exercise is recognized in non-diabetic populations to improve heart rate variability, the challenge for people with T1D may lie in the occurrence of exercise-induced hypoglycemic episodes, with a possible negative impact on parasympathetic tone. The objectives of this PhD were : 1) a systematic analysis of the literature throughout a meta-analysis, to study the presence or not of endothelial dysfunction in persons with type 1 diabetes compared to persons without diabetes, 2) investigating some molecular mechanisms underlying exercise-induced impairment in muscle vasoreactivity and finally, 3) studying the impact of a multi-day sustained cycling exercise on cardiac autonomic activity in athletes with type 1 diabetes, while considering glycemic excursions. The results show that 1) people with type 1 diabetes, albeit still free from overt micro- and macrovascular complications, have indeed an early endothelial dysfunction but also an alteration in the vascular smooth muscles function. The endothelial dysfunction was evidenced in response to various stimuli (exercise, occlusion-reperfusion, pharmacological substances or heat). Nevertheless, standardisation of methods would make the results less heterogeneous and help in the follow-up of endothelial dysfunction. 2) Alteration in muscle vasoreactivity to maximal exercise might be the consequence of a decrease in the availability of L-Arginine, the exclusive substrate of enzymatic NO synthesis. In addition, a decrease in the major circulating antioxidant, uric acid, is possibly involved, while vitamins, total free thiols and erythrocyte enzymatic antioxidant defences appear normal. 3) amateur athletes with type 1 diabetes show an increase in the time spent in hyperglycemia, but not hypoglycemia, in response to the unusual multi-day moderate-to-intense exercise, with possible deleterious impact on their nocturnal parasympathetic cardiac tone. In view of all these results, it appears therefore crucial to find non-pharmacological alternatives in an attempt to improve early endothelial and cardiac autonomic activity disorders
Grenier, Audrey. "Effets de la rosiglitazone sur la distribution adipeuse et la variabilité de la fréquence cardiaque chez des patients diabétiques de type 2 avec pontage aorto-coronarien." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25552.
Full textAbdominal obesity is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease, which includes visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT). An increase in VAT is associated with decreased heart rate variability, representing the balance of the cardiac autonomic nervous system, as well as an increased risk of cardiovascular events. Also, the effect of an increase in SAT on heart rate variability is not documented. Rosiglitazone, an oral antidiabetic, induce an increase in body weight preferentially by increasing body water and SAT. Following treatment with rosiglitazone for 12 months, we observed an increase in SAT. This increase in SAT did not influence heart rate variability in patients with type 2 diabetes after coronary artery bypass surgery. These data suggest that an increase in SAT has no impact on heart rate variability in contrast to VAT.
Fontolliet, Thimothée. "Régulations cardiovasculaires au repos et à l’exercice chez l’Homme : nouvelles perspectives de la variabilité de fréquence cardiaque et de la sensibilité du baroréflexe en boucle ouverte." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSES007/document.
Full textAutonomic nervous system (ANS) and cardiovascular regulation are closely linked. For decades, researches have tried to understand how heart rate variability (HRV) and baroreflexes can be used as significant markers of the autonomic nervous control, and sometimes of its impairments. The general aim of this thesis is to gain further insights into the role of ANS in modulating cardiac and vascular functions. The project consisted of four studies.In the first study, we analysed the effects of gravitational acceleration on cardiovascular autonomic control. This special condition showed interesting results for cardiorespiratory variables. Our results did not agree with the notion of sympathetic up-regulation in hypergravity. We speculated that only the sympathetic branch of the ANS might have been active during elevated gravitational acceleration exposure. Furthermore, the vascular response occurred in a condition of massive baroreceptor unloading.Our second work targeted the effect of lung denervation on HRV in bilateral lung transplant recipients. As the graft is no longer connected to the ANS, this is an excellent experimental model for the study of cardiovascular regulation without modulation of heart activity by parasympathetic and/or sympathetic lung afferents. The hypothesis was that the modulation of the high frequency component of HRV by the breathing frequency is mediated by the ANS. This hypothesis would be supported by the results if the high frequency component of HRV is suppressed in bilateral lung transplant recipients. Lung denervation implied strong HRV reduction, all indices being decreased, indicating that neural modulation from lung afferents contributes largely to HRV. Baroreflex sensitivity was reduced. The higher low-versus-high frequency ratio implied that the total power drop was mostly due to the high frequency component, indicating that neural modulation from lung afferents largely contributes to the high frequency component of HRV. The changes in blood pressure variability were smaller than those in HRV, suggesting that the effects of lung denervation were specific to HRV modulation. This finding confirms that blood pressure variability and HRV are under different control mechanisms.The third article concerns the effects of autonomic blockades on cardiovascular modulation, at rest and during exercise. We hypothesized that HRV should decrease with vagal or sympathetic blockades, and disappear during simultaneous blockade of both ANS branches. The results suggest that the parasympathetic outflow to the heart is the main determinant of HRV, while the role of the sympathetic branch is less important. Indeed, sympathetic blockades failed in changing HRV indices at rest, indicating that a selective blockade of cardiac ß-adrenergic receptors has no effects on spontaneous heart rate oscillations. These effects are specific to HRV, as the effects observed on blood pressure variability are indirectly related to the action of the administered drugs. The changes in baroreflex sensitivity were consistent with the changes in arterial blood pressure variability, suggesting that baroreflexes may modulate the LF power of arterial blood pressure
Le, Blanc Olivier. "Effets de 6 semaines d'entraînement par intervalles à haute intensité sur la fonction cardiaque de repos, la pression artérielle ambulatoire et la variabilité de la fréquence cardiaque chez des athlètes masculins d'endurance." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26340.
Full textThere is still a lot of interrogations regarding the mechanisms underlying the resting cardiac function adaptations of endurance athletes. High intensity interval training (HIIT) seems to be the new trend in this population. The impact of this training method on resting cardiac function in endurance athletes is still unknown. The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of six weeks of HIIT on the cardiac function at rest, ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) and heart rate variability (HRV) in endurance athletes. Following six weeks of HIIT, no sign of ventricular dilatation nor hypertrophy in the left ventricle (LV) were observed. Diastolic and systolic functions were preserved following training. HIIT decreased ABPM, reflected by a lowered systolic (SBP), mean (MAP) and pulse (PP) pressures. HRV remained at baseline level. These results suggest that six weeks of HIIT does not affect cardiac function at rest, nor HRV, but reduces ABP.
Westphal, Willy-Paul. "Influence de la privation de sommeil sur l'endurance inspiratoire." Thesis, Poitiers, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020POIT1405.
Full textIntroduction : Insufficient sleep, a frequent disturbance associated with our current lifestyles, is increasingly studied and its consequences on human organism are known better and better. The negative effect of sleep loss on endurance capacity during physical exercise is now well established, however very few studies have dealt specifically with inspiratory muscles endurance. Those which have done so have systematically found a decrease of inspiratory endurance after experimental sleep deprivation. The mechanism of this relationship has not been elucidated, but recently it has been observed clues of central drive alteration which may explain the decrease of inspiratory endurance after sleep deprivation. Those findings have potential clinical implications, in particular in intensive care units where weaning from assisted ventilation requires sufficient endurance of the inspiratory muscles, while involved patients display severe sleep loss.Objectives : To explore mechanisms of the effect of sleep loss on inspiratory endurance with two approaches : studying inspiratory fatigue neurophysiologic correlates in human and developing an animal model to explore central drive during an inspiratory endurance task.Methods : In human, heart rate variability (HRV) was used as surrogate marker of autonomic nervous system activity during an inspiratory endurance task, where high frequency (HF) are considered as representing cardiac parasympathetic activity and low frequencies (LF) sympathetic activity. In laboratory rats, a model of inspiratory endurance was developed, using an external mechanical load applied to awake animal restrained in a plethysmograph and preceded by automated sleep deprivation, to assess the effect of sleep loss on inspiratory endurance.Results : HRV analysis in human revealed a lack of HF increase during inspiratory endurance task under sleep deprivation condition compared to normal sleep condition, LF being unaffected. The model developed in laboratory rat succeeded to obtain a satisfactory sleep deprivation, with decrease by half of the sleep efficiency. During the inspiratory endurance task, sleep-deprived rats reached more quickly the criteria considered as fatigue of the ventilatory system than rats under normal sleep condition.Conclusion : In human, our results point to the fact that sleep loss is associated with an absence of cardiac parasympathetic nervous system adaptation to the work induced by inspiratory load, which might contribute to the observed decrease of inspiratory endurance. We have managed to replicate in laboratory rats the effect of sleep loss on inspiratory endurance observed in humans, allowing to precisely explore the underlying mechanisms, in particular the hypothesis of an impaired cerebral ventilatory drive
Serradas, Viegas Mendonça Tiago. "Influence of the activities imposed by the human being on equine emotional responses." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020INPT0020.
Full textHumans have made profits from equine activities, which evolved through times. Horses worked as transport facilitator, become an advantage in times of war and are athletes in many sport disciplines. Nowadays, horses are involved in therapies to improve human medical conditions as well. Horses are often involved in different equestrian disciplines or work activities, which require a great adaptation capacity of the animal. Therefore, horses’ implication in diverse activities may probably be the reason for the variability of equine emotional responses (either positive or negative). Equine emotional responses to different activities can be investigated using behavioural and physiological indicators of emotions. The aim of this thesis was to study the influence of some activities imposed by humans in horses’ emotional responses. The investigation of novel physiological indicators (biological ones) that may play a role in emotional responses (e.g. oxytocin) was also an aim of this thesis. Results from this thesis demonstrated that equine emotional responses vary according to the activity in which horses are involved. Lateral exercises were beneficial for the emotional states of horses involved in different equestrian disciplines (dressage, jumping, eventing). Equine-assisted therapy did not produce negative nor positive emotions. Sport horses (Chilean rodeo) differed from working horses (urban draught work) in their emotional responses to a specific stimulus. Different plasma levels of free oxytocin were associated with different equine activities. These results disclose many perspectives and research questions. Equine emotional responses should be investigated within each equestrian discipline or work activity separately. Training/working methods investigations may reveal innovative solutions to improve equine welfare. Further investigation on biological indicators (positive or negative) is still needed
Blons, Estelle. "Dynamiques individuelles et collectives de la complexité de signaux physiologiques en situation de stress induit." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020BORD0152.
Full textRecent studies in human health assume a causal link between the complexity of psychophysiological control systems and the complexity of their resulting biosignals. This PhD illustrates the aforementioned principle by relying on an interdisciplinary approach, combining physiology, psychology and signal processing. The dynamics of human output physiological signals are studied in response to induced stress in individual or collective situations. The objective is to extract individual signatures depicting the central and autonomic regulations at rest or in different experimental situations. Since stress is a multifactorial process depending on the individual perception and interpretation of a situation, the study of physiological signals is combined with the evaluation of psychological contextual and dispositional characteristics. We focus our attention on cardiac regulations which are analysed from the time series defined by the successive durations of the RR intervals. Statistical signal processing methods, either temporal, frequency or non-linear, are used to study the adaptive capacities of individuals facing different situations of cognitive tasks associated or not with stressors. A particular interest is given to multiscale entropy to assess the complexity of signals, which makes it possible to consider the interconnections existing between cortical, subcortical structures and autonomic cardiac regulations. The probability density functions of recorded cardiac signals along each different experimental situation are compared two by two by using the Kullback-Leibler divergence, and in particular the estimate of the asymptotic increment of the divergence of Kullback-Leibler. The results show that studying cardiac signals allows to discriminate the psychophysiological state of an individual when facing either cognitive tasks or stressful situations. Psychophysiological state differences emerge during stress, not only at an individual level, but also at a collective one, for which the subject is not directly confronted with stressful stimuli. The stress is therefore empathic. Two experimental applications are carried out from our results. First, we show that the cardiac complexity, which is altered in people stressed at work, can be improved by cardiac coherence biofeedback training. Second, signal processing methods are also used to the study of postural regulation. Overall, our results strengthen the interest of human monitoring in health
Botina, Monsalve Deivid. "Remote photoplethysmography measurement and filtering using deep learning based methods." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022UBFCK061.
Full textRPPG is a technique developed to measure the blood volume pulse signal and then estimate physiological data such as pulse rate, breathing rate, and pulse rate variability.Due to the multiple sources of noise that deteriorate the quality of the RPPG signal, conventional filters are commonly used. However, some alterations remain, but interestingly, an experienced eye can easily identify them. In the first part of this thesis, we propose the Long Short-Term Memory Deep-Filter (LSTMDF) network in the RPPG filtering task. We use different protocols to analyze the performance of the method. We demonstrate how the network can be efficiently trained with a few signals. Our study demonstrates experimentally the superiority of the LSTM-based filter compared with conventional filters. We found a network sensitivity related to the average signal-to-noise ratio on the RPPG signals.Approaches based on convolutional networks such as 3DCNNs have recently outperformed traditional hand-crafted methods in the RPPG measurement task. However, it is well known that large 3DCNN models have high computational costs and may be unsuitable for real-time applications. As the second contribution of this thesis, we propose a study of a 3DCNN architecture, finding the best compromise between pulse rate measurement precision and inference time. We use an ablation study where we decrease the input size, propose a custom loss function, and evaluate the impact of different input color spaces. The result is the Real-Time RPPG (RTRPPG), an end-to-end RPPG measurement framework that can be used in GPU and CPU. We also proposed a data augmentation method that aims to improve the performance of deep learning networks when the database has specific characteristics (e.g., fitness movement) and when there is not enough data available
Khodor, Nadine. "Analyse de la dynamique des séries temporelles multi-variées pour la prédiction d’une syncope lors d’un test d’inclinaison." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014REN1S123/document.
Full textSyncope is a sudden loss of consciousness. Although it is not usually fatal, it has an economic impact on the health care system and the personal lives of people suffering. The purpose of this study is to reduce the duration of the clinical test (approximately 1 hour) and to avoid patients to develop syncope by early predicting the occurrence of syncope. The entire work fits into a data mining approach involving the feature extraction, feature selection and classification. 3 complementary approaches are proposed, the first one exploits nonlinear analysis methods of time series extracted from signals acquired during the test, the second one focuses on time- frequency (TF) relation between signals and suggests new indexes and the third one, the most original, takes into account their temporal dynamics
Lemaire, Mathieu. "Particularités des réponses émotionnelles dans le trouble bipolaire et chez l'adulte avec autisme." Thesis, Tours, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOUR3312.
Full textInterest in emotional disturbances is relatively recent in psychiatry despite its high prevalence in mental disorders. Very few studies have explored global emotional process, which includes subjective, physiological and expressive responses and usually measures only one aspect of emotional process. Understanding emotional disturbances in neuropsychiatric disorders is essential because it may be a target of pharmacological and psychotherapeutic treatments. The aim of our work was to study the different components of emotional responses in two psychiatric disorders, bipolar disorder and autism. Results are only available for bipolar disorder. No difference was found between euthymic bipolar patients and controls regarding subjective emotional response. Symptomatic bipolar patients evidenced increased affective reactivity to neutral pictures and reduced maintenance of subjective affective responses to all pictures. Upon viewing positive pictures, pupil dilation was significantly lower in euthymic patients compared to controls. Patients, regardless of their symptomatic status, were comparable to healthy individuals in terms of voluntary control of affective responses during experiential suppression. Due to our results and conflicting results in the literature, we built a study aiming to explore the different components of emotional responses in laboratory setting but also in real life, in bipolar disorder and autism, for a better global understanding of emotional process even at an individual level
Maurelli, Olivier. "Effets d'une saison de compétition sur les caractéristiques musculaires, biologiques et psychologiques de joueurs de handball de niveau international." Thesis, Amiens, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AMIE0062/document.
Full textThe objective of this thesis was to analyze the influence of a sports season on the physical, physiological and psychological characteristics of handball players of the Montpellier Agglomération Handball club, one of the best European clubs. At first (Study 1), we were interested in the evolution of the isokinetic muscular profile of the lower limbs during the pre-competitive preparation phase (Pc2P). Although this period is short (8 weeks), our results show that most of the values of strength, power (at 30±.s¡1, 60±.s¡1 and 240±.s¡1, in concentric and eccentric), and different ratios (agonist vs antagonist, dominant vs non-dominant as wellas mixed ratio) increase significantly during Pc2P. In a second phase (Study 2), we were interested in the evolution of the isokinetic muscular profile of the lower limbs during the competition period. Our results show that a competitive season does not significantly affect the evolution of most of isokinetic parameters. Finally, during our 3rd work, we studied the evolution of many markers (biological, physiological and psychological) during a sports season. The main results of our work show (i) a decrease in the mean values of VFC concerning HF and RMSSD values, coupled with a slight increase in HR in T4, suggesting a decrease inparasympathetic activity in the supine position, (ii) an increase in the values in the T4 fitness questionnaire and (iii) a decrease in the values of [C]sg , [F]sg , IGF-1 and Hematocrit, respectively in T5 and T4. Testosterone results show a significant increase in T5. They showed no significant change in CPK and IGFBP-3 values. This work emphasizes the need to develop the strength and power qualities most effectively during Pc2P and to target the most e-relevant markers for longitudinal tracking of handball players
Filliau, Christophe. "Estimation du contrôle nerveux autonome et de l'activité intrinsèque du système cardiaque au moyen de l'analyse de la variabilité des paramètres cardiovasculaires : effets de l'âge et de l’activité physique." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015SACLS193/document.
Full textThis study is part of works about understanding of cardiovascular autonomic control mechanisms using heart rate variability (HRV) analysis. In a first study, we observed HRV from a whole overnight RR periods recordings in order to compare subject from eleven to fifty-nine years old. These recordings allowed to identify Slow Wave Sleep and to compute HRV during spontaneous and reproducible conditions. To explain our results, we estimated the intrinsic heart rate (IHR) from time frequency analysis of RR periods during an incremental exercise test. This method allows avoiding classical pharmacological use to measure IHR. During an incremental exercise test, cardiac autonomic control changes with vagal withdrawal at the beginning and next, sympathetic activation. High Frequency instantaneous spectral component (HF) is linked to vagal withdrawal from the sinus node. The drop of this component at the beginning of exercise allows us to visualize the moment of maximal vagal withdrawal. The Smooth Pseudo Wigner Ville time – frequency analysis (INRIA, France) was used to compute the instantaneous HF power of HRV. Our works aimed to build an exercise test to identify the heart rate at minimal HF power (HR@HFmin). At this rate, the heart is under minimal autonomic control: complete vagal withdrawal combined with a weak sympathetic control. Therefore, it might provide an estimation of IHR. After the identification of this parameter, we observed that the difference between HR@HFmin and resting heart rate was correlated to HF component of HRV. Moreover, HR@HFmin decreased with aging and was close to IHR values found in previous publications. In a last study, we found that HR@HFmin decreased in a sedentary population after three month of “Touch-Rugby” training. To conclude, time frequency analysis of RR recordings obtained during an incremental exercise test seems to provide IHR detection
Jourdan, Géraldine. "Conséquences des altérations induites et spontanées du système nerveux autonome sur la fonction cardiovasculaire : approches physiologiques et pharmacologiques." Toulouse 3, 2008. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/425/.
Full textOver the past 20 years numerous studies in humans have shown a significant relationship between alterations in the autonomic nervous system (ANS) and mortality. Although the nervous system is autonomous, it is a key physiopathological element in diseases and morbidity of the cardiovascular system. Some factors, directly or indirectly, linked to alterations of the ANS have thus been indentified and allow for a stratification of risk in terms of mortality. Our work, therefore, has consisted in examining the alterations of the ANS in vivo and investigating their consequences on the cardiovascular system in three distinct situations that reflect morbid affectations : the effect of aminochromes, oxidative derivatives of endogenous catecholamines, on the cardiovascular system of dogs and mice; the cardiovascular effect of a combination of two drugs in dogs; modifications in heart rate variability and ventricular repolarisation (study of the QT space) in a canine model of nutritional obesity. A primary study conducted with mice, clearly shows the existence of morbid cardiac modifications - electric and echocardiographic - specific to aminochromes. If these results are confirmed through clinical studies of plasmatic dosage of these compounds in humans, aminochromes per se could be used as a dedicated novel factor combining physiopathology and cardiovascular risk of mortality. A second investigation suggests that combined use of midodrine and dihydroergotamine in the treatment of severe orthostatic hypotension in humans must be avoided and confirms in dogs, the clinical observations of a worsening of this symptom when these two drugs are given in association. .
Chouchou, Florian. "Réactivité du système nerveux autonome à des stimulations aversives au cours du sommeil chez l’homme." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LYO10040.
Full textThe aim of this work was to study cardiac autonomic reactivity to aversive stimulations during sleep and the phenomena that could modulate this reactivity. We used time-frequency method of RR intervals variability (or heart rate variability), based on wavelet transform during nociceptive stimulations in healthy subjects and obstructive respiratory events in apnoeic patients. Our first study showed that the cardiac autonomic reactivity to nociceptive stimulations is sympathetically-driven cardiac activation in reaction, and preserved during all sleep stages. Furthermore, albeit cardiac reactivity persisted even in the absence of arousals, it was higher when a cortical arousal followed the noxious stimulus whatever the sleep stages. Our second work showed, in apnoeic patients, that cardiac autonomic reactivity in response to obstructive respiratory events was also dependent on sympathetic reactivity, mainly modulated by arousal process rather than sleep stages or severity of respiratory events. At last, our third work showed that cardiac sympathetic level before nociceptive stimuli or during respiratory events could favour cortical arousal. In conclusion, cardiac sympathetic reactivity in response to aversive stimuli during sleep is preserved during all sleep stages. This sympathetic reactivity is modulated by arousal process rather than sleep stages or severity of respiratory events. Cardiac sympathetic activity during sleep could take part in arousal process, by favouring cortical arousal
Roué, Jean-Michel. "Douleur et stress aigus en période néonatale : effets de l'utilisation des sucres et intérêts d'une évaluation multimodale de la douleur." Thesis, Brest, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018BRES0020.
Full textHospitalized newborns are exposed to repeated painful or stressful procedures that can lead to short- and long-term neurodevelopmental sequellae.The prevention of procedural pain is essentially based on the use of nonpharmacological treatments among which the sweet solutions appear to be among the most effective. However, their effectiveness has recently been challenged and their mechanisms of action remain poorly understood. Finally, the dissociation frequently found between behavioural and cortical responses shows the importance of monitoring pain in a multimodal way. The objectives of this work were 1) to compare the efficacy of breastfeeding and sucrose on procedural pain by specifically analyzing cortical responses, 2) to study the peripheral effects of sweet solutions on sensory neurons of newborn rats and 3) to evaluate the contribution of a multimodal pain assessment model in term and preterm neonates. No difference between sucrose and breastfeeding was measured on pain-evoked cortical responses (NIRS) in term neonates at 3 days of life.We reported a peripheral effect of glucose and sucrose on afferent sensory neurons from newborns rats mediated byTRPV1. The effect for glucose was associated with a decrease of substance P release.The multidimensional assessment of pain found mild to moderate correlations between the NFCS score, skin conductance, salivary cortisol and changes in [HbT] measured in NIRS.The study conducted in preterm newborns will specify the reliability of heart rate variability (instant NIPE index) in thisindication to provide a suited multimodal pain assessment model for future randomized controlled trials
Claisse, Caroline. "Etudes des mécanismes de régulation émotionnelle chez les individus alcoolo-dépendants abstinents à l'alcool à court et à long terme." Thesis, Lille 3, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LIL30008/document.
Full textEmotional disorders are recognized as a major factor of development andcontinuity of addictive behavior. These perturbations of the emotional processes areassociated with the preference given to ill-suited compensatory strategies which will inturn perpetuate addictive behaviors and interfere with the consolidation of abstinence.This study aimed to give a better understanding of the vulnerability factors of alcoholrelapse by studying the evolution of emotional competence with abstinence over threeexperimental chapters. For this purpose, we looked more closely at the mechanisms ofemotional regulation, which are considered as crucial in the addiction problem. In orderto study these mechanisms we used specific tools like the physiological cues of theautonomic nervous system.In a first chapter, we studied sympathetic system response by measuringpupillary diameter after exposure to neutral and emotional pictures (positive andnegative). We showed that when exposed to emotional induction, short-term abstinentpatients showed a stronger activation of the sympathetic nervous system than long-termabstinent patients as well as the control group. The intermediary level of pupillaryresponse found among long-term abstinent patients suggests a partial improvement ofsympathetic activation when exposed to emotional information (study 1). Heart RateVariability (HRV) is an indicator of the parasympathetic system and is viewed as amarker of emotional regulation. The study of HRV before, during and after a situation ofemotional induction showed a normalization of HRV in response to emotional stimuliwith long-term abstinence. However, results for stimuli with negative valence are notdifferent between the long-term and short-term abstinence groups. This responsepattern supports the hypothesis that there is still a vulnerability to negative emotionsdespite the prolonged abstinence. Moreover, a negative correlation between cravingscores and increase of HRV has been observed for the two patient groups (study 2).Finally, in a last experimental chapter, emotional competence and emotional regulationdifficulties were assessed by presenting the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale(DERS) and the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ) to few weeks tofew years abstinent patients. Results support the hypothesis of a recovery shift of twoyears of abstinence for these abilities (study 3).The study of the extent of the recoveries of emotional competence is a major leadfor the consolidation of abstinence. Those three studies confirm the retrieval ofemotional competence with abstinence but they particularly show the persistence of avulnerability in the emotional processes. The fact that there is a recovery shift for thosemechanisms not only involves the continuity of a vulnerability despite a prolongedabstinence, but also underlines the need of a work of support for the remediation ofemotional competence in the long term. These results can lead to several researchprospects and clinical applications that will be discussed here
Nocua, Ronald. "Conception et développement d'un système ambulatoire pour la mesure de l'activité du Système Nerveux Autonome pour la surveillance de personnes âgées à domicile." Phd thesis, Grenoble 1, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00486983.
Full textQuinart, Sylvain. "Validation d'outils adaptés pour l'évaluation de l'endurance cardiorespiratoire chez l'adolescent obèse." Thesis, Besançon, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013BESA0005/document.
Full textPédiatrie obesity and its associated diseases hâve become a major public health challenge. However, thé return to daily physical and leisure activities, recommended by most international guidelines, can be difficult for obèse youths, due to low self-esteem, difficulties in integrating groups and poor physical fitness. Overweight combined with sedentarity progressively modify cardio-respiratory exercise tolérance, rendering difficult thé return to exercise and contributing to non-compliance with prescriptions for physical activity. To meet thé growing needs of professionals in thé field of physical activity responsible for thé management of thèse subjects, thé main objective of this doctoral thesis was to validate clinical tools exploring cardiorespiratory capacity in obèse adolescent.A 12 minute walk/run test, an adapted 20m shuttle walk test (starting speed 4 km.b.-1,incréments : 0.5 km.h-1.miir1) and a submaximal exercise test by cycle ergometer with 4 stageswere proposed to calculate indices of cardiorespiratory fitness (D12, Vmax, PMA).Time-varying spectral analysis of heart rate variability was studied to estimate intensitiessubmaximal exercise near ventilatory thresholds.-The "Childhood Obesity Perceived Exertion Scale" (COPE-10) was used to quantify thé intensity of exercise as perceived by thé subjects during exercise.Thèse non-invasive tools, inexpensive, useful in thé évaluation and follow-up of cardiorespiratory fitness in obèse adolescents, can easily be used to develop and personalise adapted re-training programmes in thèse overweight teenagers
Poliakova, Natalia. "Étiologie de la variabilité cardiaque à 5 mois." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/28030/28030.pdf.
Full textJoulin, Olivier. "Choc septique : défaillance myocardique et altérations des relations force-fréquence et relation-fréquence." Lille 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LIL2S048.
Full textAlbaladejo, Pierre. "Fréquence cardiaque et risque cardiovasculaire : rôle de la fréquence cardiaque dans les altérations de la fonction et de la structure artérielle." Paris 6, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA066385.
Full textArakelian, Ara. "Rôle des ondes baroclines dans la variabilité basse fréquence." Paris 6, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA066004.
Full textMidlatitude baroclinic eddies, synoptic disturbances period from 2 to 10 days, interact on the low-frequency variability , period longer than ten days. For these periods atmospheric circulation variability is dominated by quasi-stationary structures of large spatial scale, as are the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) and Southern Oscillation (AO). On one side, momentum transport by eddiesis is balanced with surface friction and keeping the jet around its position, but on the other, the mean flow organizes these eddies. To understand why annular modes seem to be domiant low-frequency variability, eddy feedbacks to a change of zonal mean flow are studied. Resolution effect on the representation of eddies and variability is explored. At first these interactions are studied using nudged simulations allowing isolate properly the response of baroclinic eddies and momentum flux. The change of eddy propagation allows to highlight the involved mechanisms. It appears a positive feedback in the case of latitudinal jet shift, and negatively to a jet speed variation without latitudinal shift. In a second part, a set of simulations with the IPSL model at varying resolution was used to assess biases of mean state and variability representation but also to highlight the relations between the mean state, the variability, and the response to increased CO2