Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'La spectroscopie des rayons-X par photoémission'
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Morales, Ugarte Jorge Eduardo. "Etude Operando des accumulateurs au lithium par couplage spectroscopie à photoémission des rayons X et spectroscopie d’impédance." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAI082.
Faced with the major industrial challenges in the field of electrochemical energy storage, a fundamental research effort on the materials involved and their interfaces is nowadays essential for a gain in performance, durability and safety.In this context, it is essential to understand the interfacial processes involved that induce the degradation of the lithium metal-electrolyte interface and lead to a decrease in Coulombic efficiency and promote dendritic growth.In this thesis, we propose a study coupling electrochemical techniques such as impedance spectroscopy with surface analysis techniques such as X-ray photo-emission spectroscopy to study the chemical and electrochemical reactivity between electrolytes and a lithium metal electrode.To this end, special attention has been paid to the ionic liquids based electrolytes, which have been proposed as solvents for lithium salts, particularly for their low saturation vapor pressure, which considerably increases the safety of the batteries thus designed.Finally, this work was devoted in particular to the development of operando XPS assemblies and measurements in order to follow the chemical evolution of the interfaces inside a battery in real time
Serreau, Laurence. "Adsorption et lubrification de surfaces de silice par mélange silane-tensioactif." Paris 6, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA066084.
Bure, Taylor Rose. "Inelastic background analysis from lab-based HAXPES spectra for critical interfaces in nano-electronics." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Clermont Auvergne (2021-...), 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023UCFA0125.
This work uses lab-scale hard X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (HAXPES) in the perspective of inelastic background analysis (IBA) for applications in the metrology field in order to provide thickness measurements of technologically relevant materials in memory and power devices. We seek to meet the need for a method adapted for inline processes and routine analysis. The samples presented in this work were fabricated by pre-industrial processes and are representative of real device technology with concerns like complex interdiffusion properties and deeply buried active layers and interfaces. In this work, we evaluate the HAXPES-IBA technique executed with QUASES software by studying the free parameters, the operator contributions, and uncertainty in the depth distribution. We present a self-contained analysis by accessing high energy photoelectron spectra of elements from each sample layer recorded with a novel lab-scale HAXPES instrument (PHI Quantes) fitted with a Cr Kα photon source (hv = 5414.72 eV). First, highly controlled reference samples of known thicknesses (Al2O3 and HfO2 thin films) were studied to confirm the accuracy of the IBA method through validation against highly quantitative reference techniques. HAXPES-IBA thickness determinations of bilayer samples with a thick overlayer up to 25 nm and a buried layer of approximately 2.5 nm were found to be in excellent agreement with results from X-ray reflectivity (XRR) with fitting uncertainty of the IBA solution in the sub-nanometer range. The need to select the appropriate HAXPES excitation energy depending on total film thickness was demonstrated thanks to complimentary HAXPES measurements recorded with Ga Kα radiation (hv = 9251.74 eV). Finally, we apply the method to realistic technological samples. In the first study, we present thickness results from a sample class of Al2O3 films deposited over GaN by atomic layer deposition (ALD), representative of a recessed gate MOS channel High Electron Mobility Transistor (HEMT). Quantitative secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) measurements compliment the IBA technique by confirming need for reference spectrum. In the second study, the HAXPES-IBA method is combined with ion sputtering to confirm the Ti/TiN overlayer thickness in a Ti/HfO2-based structure used for oxide resistive random access memory (OxRRAM) technology. We provide a critical summary of advances to reach for an accurate and reliable HAXPES-IBA method fully-integrated into inline process control
Rangan, Sylvie. "Réactivité des nitriles sur la surface Si(001)-2x1, étudiée par spectroscopie de photoémission, d'absorption X, et microscopie tunnel." Paris 6, 2004. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00010268.
RANGAN, Sylvie. "Réactivité des nitriles sur la surface Si(001)-2x1, étudiée par spectroscopies de photoémission, d'absorption X et microscopie tunnel." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00010268.
Gotte, Vincent. "Etudes structurales par spectroscopie d'absorption des rayons X polarisés." Nancy 1, 1999. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/SCD_T_1999_0248_GOTTE.pdf.
Gauthier, Christophe. "Recherches sur de nouveaux modes de détection des spectres d'absorption X exploitant l'excitation de la fluorescence X, de la luminescence visible et la photoémission." Nancy 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992NAN10025.
Bébin, Philippe. "Étude des interfaces polymère-métal par la spectroscopie photoélectronique des rayons X." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape3/PQDD_0021/NQ55804.pdf.
Danger, Jérôme. "Dichroi͏̈sme magnétique et spectroscopies X résonantes : Des spectroscopies fines pour l'étude des propriétés magnétiques et de la structure électronique des solides." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002STR13151.
The physical properties of materials like magnetism, electric conductivity or reactivity are due to the outtermost electrons of atoms. Experimental techniques, based on the interaction between photons and matter like X-ray Photoelectrons Spectroscopy, X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy, or X-ray Magnetic Dichroism are powerful tools to study and to understand the behavior of such electrons. In the first part of this thesis, rare earths compounds have been studied. The 4f electrons of these elements, which generaly carry a strong magnetic moment, confer to these compounds original magnetic properties which are useful for various technological applications. In the rare earths series, the samarium presents atypical magnetic properties and seems to be an exception: the spin momentum makes up for the orbital momentum, which results in a weak total atomic magnetic momentum. Two studies concerning samarium compounds illustrating the capacities of the magnetic dichroism to probe magnetic properties of materials are presented in this thesis. A linear magnetic dichroism study gave the value of the magnetic moment of samarium in an antiferromagnetic thin film of metallic samarium. A magnetic circular dichroism study on the Sm1-xGdxAl2 (x=0, 1, 0. 025) system, at the samarium and gadolinium L2,3 edges, also allowed to explain the origin of the compensation point, where the magnetization cancels, observed in the temperature dependent magnetization measurements. In the second part of this thesis, we have investigated the electronic structure of oxides using resonant spectroscopies. Resonant spectroscopies consist in measuring photoemission or decay processes (fluorescence or Auger) for photons energies around an absorption threshold. Resonant Auger measurements allowed us to locate and to quantify 1s?3d quadrupolar transitions at the titanium K-edge in TiO2, thanks to the analysis of intensity of spectator lines which appear in the resonant Auger spectra and are due to the additional 3d electron. Resonant spectroscopies also allowed us to understand the titanium L2,3M2,3V Auger decays lineshape in various oxides. These decays, which involve the valence band, are very sensitive to the titanium degree of oxidation, and are very useful for the characterisation of titanium oxides surfaces, or of thin films deposited on these surfaces. The resonant study of the Auger spectra and of the valence band, completed by Auger electrons-titanium 2p photoelectrons coincidences measurements, allowed us to link the Auger lineshape and the degree of oxidation of titanium
Amira, Yassine. "Matériaux ferroélectriques PKGN : synthèse, études par diffraction de rayons X, diélectriques et par spectroscopie Raman." Amiens, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010AMIE0110.
A new family of a rare-earth ferroelectric Tetragonal Tungsten Bronze (TTB)-type compounds, with general formula Pb2(1-x)K1+xGdxNb5O15 (PKGN) was elaborated by solid state reaction. Structural and electrical properties were investigated using X-ray diffraction and dielectric measurements. Ferroelectric phases are found, and their symmetry, together with the transition temperature strongly depended of the gadolinium concentration. It was shown that at room temperature, for the low gadolinium (Gd) concentration (x < 0. 3) the ferroelectric state is described by the symmetry group Cm2m, while at intermediate Gd concentration (0. 35< x < 0. 70) the symmetry group is mainly described in Pba2 and in compounds with a higher Gd concentration, the space group P4bm is associated to ferroelectricity. The ferroelectric/paraelectric transition temperature strongly changes with the gadolinium concentration, in a non monotonic way. This behavior is due to the existence of structural changes versus composition. Two phase transitions were evidenced for compounds with higher gadolinium rate, where the intermediate phase could be related to an antiferroelectric state. The obtained results were also confirmed by Raman spectroscopy studies which provide strong evidence of the reduction of the disorder in the TTB structure when going from Pb to Gd
Roisnel, Thierry. "Etude par spectroscopie de rayons X de quelques composés d'intercalation graphitique d'halogénures métalliques." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376182211.
Roisnel, Thierry. "Etude par spectroscopie d'absorption de rayons X de quelques composés d'intercalation graphitique d'halogénures métalliques." Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 1988. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00621239.
Gabison, Laure. "Etude du mécanisme de l'urate oxydase par diffraction des rayons X et spectroscopie RPE." Paris 5, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA05P610.
Urate oxidase is a key enzyme of the purine degradation pathway. This protein work without cofactor (metallic nor organic) and catalyse in presence of molecular oxygen, the degradation of urate (uric acid mono-anion) into 5-hydroxyisourate with release of hydrogen peroxide. 5-hydroxyisourate finally decomposes spontaneously or via two specific proteins to allantoïne. Urate oxidase mechanism is studied since the beginning of the century and it still remains nottotally understood. X-Ray diffraction and EPR spectroscopy allow bringing new lighting on urate oxidas mechanism. EPR spectroscopy shows the radical character of the mechanism and brings to propose the electronic state of some intermediate. Tridimensional studies by x-ray diffraction of high resolution inhibitor-enzyme complexes suggest urate déprotonation for the first step of the mechanism to give di-deprotonated intermediate on N3 and N7 atoms of uric acid. Several approach to block the natural substrate in the active site confirm deprotonated state and also permit to propose dehydrourate as stable relational intermediate. Finally different fruitless attempts to detect the hypothetic 5-hydroperoxyisourate intermediate from literature drove to formulate hypothesis of a direct passage to dehydrourate or generation of 4-hydroperoxyisourate. Dehydrourate is the hydroxyled and un-complexe from the active site. From all the result two news alternative mechanism were suggested
Kodjo, Charles Guillaume. "Détermination structurale d'une série de 3,4,5-triméthoxy N-salicylidène anilines par diffraction des rayons X et spectrométries." Aix-Marseille 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997AIX11011.
Kahloun, Charlie. "Etude des contraintes résiduelles par diffraction de rayons X : statistiques et déconvolution des mesures." Dijon, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991DIJOS008.
MIMOUNI, ABDELHAFID. "Etude des derives de la vitamine b#1#2 par spectroscopie d'absorption des rayons x." Paris 12, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA120025.
Baumier, Cédric. "Etude des matériaux corrélés de terres rares par diffusion résonante inélastique des rayons X." Paris 6, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA066346.
Becquart-Gallissian, Alice. "Etude par microscopie électronique et diffraction de rayons X des mécanismes de formation de l'oxyde dans les alliages argent-magnésium." Aix-Marseille 3, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000AIX30020.
Internal oxidation is ideal for following a precipitation reaction from its initial stages up to oxide formation. In this work, the mechanism of oxide formation and its different morphologies, MgO precipitates or inner bands parallel to the surface, have been studied in silver-magnesium binary alloys. The principle techniques of investigation used were conventional and high resolution transmission electron microscopy (CTEM HRTEM), electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS), X ray diffraction, scanning électron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). It has been shown for the first time in these alloys that there exists two types of precipitation : inter and intragranular. Moreover, it was pointed out that the formation of coherent precipitate and their growth is the best way to obtain well-defined metal-oxide interface. .
Bevilacqua, Elsa. "Etude chimique et minéralogique des peintures : analyse sur poudre par méthodes X, traitement de données." Lille 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989LIL10155.
Donon, Jeremy. "Caractérisation de paires d’ions par spectroscopies IR, UV et rayons X, interprétées par calculs de chimie quantique." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASS106.
Ion pairs are ubiquitous in nature, from sea water, aerosols, to living organisms. They influence the properties of concentrated ion solutions, and thus play a crucial role in various chemical reactions and biological processes. However, the characterization of ion pairs faces some difficulties: on one hand, several types of pairs coexist, and on the other hand, they are transient species in solution. In this context, this work presents several studies carried out according to three main research studies, backed by an original approach in the gas phase, and then in solution. Firstly, the effects of the electric field produced by the ion pair on the UV spectroscopy of a chromophore in gas phase (Stark effects) are studied. The ion groups can produce an electric field high enough to induce significant electronic Stark effects on a nearby UV chromophore. This study is conducted on model systems (C₆H₅-(CH₂)n-COO⁻,M⁺) with M = Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs and n = 1-3, allowing to vary the electric field experienced by the UV chromophore. These different systems are studied in the gas phase by UV spectroscopy combined with quantum chemistry calculations, as well as by conformation selective IR spectroscopy. Based on the analysis of the electronic Stark effects, precise conformational assignments can be proposed for electronic transitions separated by a few cm-1, without resorting to IR spectroscopy, or frequency calculations. The next study is focused mainly on understanding the environmental effects on ion pairs by microsolvation experiments in gas phase. The pair of sodium acetate ions [CH₃-COO⁻,Na⁺] is studied for the first time in a trimer complex with p-xylene by IR spectroscopy. Microhydration experiments are then carried out on charged ion pairs ([CH₃-COO⁻,M²⁺]; M = Ca, Ba), highlighting two different behaviours depending on the nature of the cation. The final research is to detect and identify the structures formed by the ions in electrolytic solutions by IR and RX spectroscopy. The first experiment is carried out on electrolytic solutions ([CH₃-COO⁻,M⁺]; M = Li, Na and K) by TF-IR spectroscopy by varying the ion concentration. A theoretical study is then carried out in order to propose a theoretical spectrum for each type of pair, and to confront them with experimental spectra in solution. The approach is based on the calculation of the IR signature of pairs ([CH₃-COO⁻,M⁺]; M = Li, Na, K, Rb and Cs) and free anion in solution, where the first solvation layer were described at the quantum level, followed by a solvent continuum. For each type of pair, spectroscopic families, consistent with the experimental data, are identified. This original approach paves way to the identification of supramolecular structures in electrolytic solutions. Finally, the first FZRET experiment in liquid micro-jet is carried out on a potassium acetate solution, providing access to a measurement of the distance distribution between cations and paired anions.In these studies, different methods are used ranging from experiment to theory, from the gas phase to solution. This work illustrates the need to combine several methods in order to obtain additional data and allow a better characterization of the supramolecular organisation of ions and their environment
Caby, Béranger. "Développement de l’analyse combinée par Réflectométrie de rayons X (XRR) et Fluorescence des rayons X en Incidence Rasante (GIXRF) pour des applications micro et nano-électroniques." Caen, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015CAEN2055.
Due to recent developments in microelectronics, new in-depth characterization techniques are needed. Combined Grazing Incidence X-ray Fluorescence (GIXRF) and X-ray Reflectivity (XRR) analysis is as a promising alternative technique. Indeed, this technique allows obtaining, in a non-destructive way, the depth-profile composition and density of multilayered samples. In the literature, only few works using the potentiality of the XRR-GIXRF technique have been reported. Therefore, in order to accelerate the development of its application in materials characterization, a collaborative international group has been set up between laboratories to share expertise, equipment and analysis software. The objective was to apprehend the methodologies for the XRR-GIXRF acquisition, measurements analysis as well as the physical principles along with the possible limitations of the technique. In this work, after a presentation of the analysis protocols and software, the solutions implemented in different software in order to handle instrumental effects and quantification problems, are discussed. Subsequently, applications of the combined XRR-GIXRF technique on samples of interest are presented. In particular, through the investigation of Ultra-Shallow junctions and various multilayers, the qualitative and quantitative depth-profiling capabilities are demonstrated and compared to classical characterization techniques. Finally, limitations of the technique and possible outlooks are discussed
Servol, Marina. "Géneration de rayonnement X par interaction laser-écoulement de poudre." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00128860.
Dans ce cadre, nous avons étudié l'interaction d'un faisceau laser intense et bref avec des grains de poudre en écoulement. Ce système présente un certain nombre d'avantages techniques sur les cibles conventionnelles. D'un point de vue fondamental, cette étude permet d'évaluer l'influence de la structure particulière de ce nouveau type de cible sur l'interaction laser-matière.
Une première phase du travail a été consacrée à l'élaboration du système d'écoulement sous vide et à un choix de poudres permettant d'étudier différents régimes d'interaction. Nous avons ensuite étudié les propriétés de cette source, telles que l'extension spatiale et spectrale, l'émissivité ou la cadence de répétition maximale. Les flux de photons X obtenus sont comparables à ceux obtenus sur cible solide massive. Les spectres X mesurés nous permettent également de comprendre les phénomènes se produisant au cours de l'interaction.
Le, Boite Marie-Gabrielle. "Premières étapes du mélange par faisceau d'ions : étude par réflectométrie de rayons X et diffraction de neutrons." Paris 11, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA112421.
There are several processes involved in ion beam mixing: ballistic processes, chemical driving forces and radiation enhanced diffusion. Experiments usually performed on bilayers irradiated with heavy elements and characterized by Rutherford backscattering (R. B. S. ), have shown that the measured mixing rate is always higher than the calculated one, taking into account ballistic effects only. Besides classical R. B. S. Experimental on NiAu and NiPt bilayers irradiated with Xe, we have used another technique of characterization: X-ray reflectometry and neutron diffraction, performed on multilayers irradiated with He. The systems are NiAu, NiPt, NiPd and NiAg, which behave similarly from the ballistic point of view, but have very different beats of mixing. In these experiments, the range of deposited energy density is very low, in contrast to heavy ions irradiation: this has allowed us to reach very low diffusion coefficient, never observed before. The dependence of the diffusion coefficient on the heat of mixing is in agreement with the one theoretically calculated. For the NiAg system, which has a positive heat of mixing, the measured diffusion coefficient is smaller than the ballistic one a decrease of the ballistic mixing rate is seen for the first time. In this work, we have shown the interest of the reflectometry techniques (X-ray and neutrons); we have used a simple model to analyze the ion beam mixing, when elementary processes are involved
Weitner, Anny Dupouey Jean-Luc. "Analyse dendrochimique par spectrométrie de rayonnement X application à l'étude de la nutrition des arbres et des variations spatiales et temporelles de l'environnement /." S. l. : S. n, 2007. http://www.scd.uhp-nancy.fr/docnum/SCD_T_2007_0099_WEITNER.pdf.
Proux, Olivier. "Spectroscopie d'absorption X par détection d'électrons : cas de non-linéarité dans les structures massives et les poudres - ordre local dans les films minces déposés NixAg1-x." Poitiers, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998POIT2263.
Berreghis, Adel. "Désalumination de la zéolithe EMT - caractérisation par les méthodes physico-chimiques et par hydrocraquage d'alcanes." Poitiers, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996POIT2368.
Selmi, Ania. "Synthèse et caractérisation de nouvelles céramiques conductrices par ions O2- dérivées de La2Mo2O9 par substitutions aliovalentes." Le Mans, 2007. http://cyberdoc.univ-lemans.fr/theses/2007/2007LEMA1011.pdf.
To improve the properties of the fast oxide ion conductor La2Mo2O9, La was substituted by either an alkaline metal (K) or an alkaline earth metal (Ca, Sr, Ba), and Mo by V. Double substitutions (Mo/W and La/alkaline earth metal or La/K) have also been studied. Above a certain substitution rate, the high temperature, disordered and highly conducting form is stabilized at the expense of the low temperature α form. Temperature-controlled X ray diffraction of the substituted materials revealed that a demixion/recombination phenomenon takes place at high temperature in most compounds, while for some compounds the β form is metastable at lower temperature. As shown on a Ca-substituted compound, the materials shaping influences the thermal stability of the α and forms and also the reversibility of the transitions, but not the demixion/recombination phenomenon. Densification as a pellet tends to stabilize the form. An EPR study and molecular dynamic simulations performed on some of the compositions suggest that clusters of the substituents form, which are responsible for the decrease in ionic mobility. The vanadium-substituted compound, prepared by conventional solid state reaction or by complex polymerisation, was used with a Keggin-structured heteropolycompound for heterogeneous catalysis. It improved the calalytic properties of the heteropolycompound for the selective oxidation of isobutane in methacrolein and methacrylic acid. We attempted to explain the origin of transport properties in β-LAMOX compounds by using analytical methods, molecular dynamic simulation and a crystallographic approach using an anti-polyhedral description of the β-La2Mo2O9 structure
TENEGAL, FRANCOIS. "Etude des premiers stades de la cristallisation de nanopoudres sicn par spectroscopie d'absorption des rayons x au seuil k du silicium, diffusion de neutrons et de rayons x." Paris 7, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA077154.
Mateu, Suau Isidre. "Systèmes de détection digitaux par traitement numérique des impulsions X-dur pour des applications spatiales." Toulouse 3, 2014. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/2376/.
Anticipating future mission opportunities in high-energy astronomy, the development of a hard X-ray detection system for imaging and spectrometry is in progress at the Institut de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planétologie of Toulouse. The system is based on a High-purity Germanium double sided strip detector and aims at energy coverage from a few keV to a few hundred keV. Besides the sophisticated detector design, the extensive use of digital signal processing algorithms for the analysis of the impulsion is another innovation in this project, and constitutes the main topic of this thesis. Astrophysics in the hard X-ray domain expect an era of major evolution in the upcoming years. Technological progress in mirror manufacturing allows now the focusing of photons well above 10 keV, which for many years had been the upper limit allowed by the technology. NASA's Nustar observatory, launched in 2012, and JAXA's Astro-H, to be launched in 2015, are the first missions to exploit the new mirrors for energies up to 80 keV. However, last research shows that focusing optics beyond this limit are to be expected soon. With this new generation of optics, a need for new detectors capable of exploiting the focusing capabilities is currently developing. One of the main features of the studied detector is the possibility to obtain a three dimensional location of the interaction of the photons in its volume, with immediate applications in background reduction and tracking of Compton events for polarimetry measurements. For this purpose, we implemented an estimator of the interaction position, which is presented in this work, together with the methods used for calibration, triggering, pulse shaping and energy measurement purposes. In order to develop a full simulation of the system, we have adapted to our particular case the MGS tool, an already existing Matlab code for the simulation of the charge collection processes and signal response provided by the detector, and we have used Pspice to model the analogue readout stage prior to the digitizer. Both tools have allowed us to generate realistic input signals for the testing of the performances of the signal processing algorithms in charge of the energy measurements and the location of the interaction position. Finally, we have completed the study with the first measurements obtained from PheniX, a laboratory prototype of the detection system which has been designed and manufactured in the framework of a Research and Technology action at IRAP, funded by the CNES
Clermont, Gallerande Emmanuelle de. "Étude de la structure locale d’oxydes alcalins par diffusion Raman des rayons X." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUS070.
The oxygen is an abundant element on Earth, which is able to make oxide by bonding with many other elements. Among the diverse oxides, alkali borates and silicates are studied in many scientific fields for their properties, which requires to improve the understanding of both their crystalline and vitreous structures. X-ray Raman Scattering (XRS) is an adequate technique to study the local structure of those compounds as it allows measurements carried out on light elements even using a complex sample environment, like high-pressure or high-temperature device. XRS requires the development of theoretical tools in order to interpret the experimental spectra, we have thus developed a computational code to simulate XRS spectra at K edges. A good agreement between theoretical and experimental spectra at all the edges of references compounds composed of light elements was found, allowing us to use this code to interpret data on alkali borates and silicates. We mainly focused on the oxygen local environment in alkali borates and silicate in order to understand the local and medium range order of the structure of vitreous compounds using crystalline compounds as references. We manage to evidence some specific spectral signature related to the symmetry of the oxygen environment. Some spectral signature can be followed during in situ high-pressure measurements as they give information on the compounds behavior under pressure and the structural changes it undergoes. Using those spectral signatures, we were able to follow the behavior of two lithium borates under pressure and to come up with a densification mechanism depending on the structural oxygen packing
Daldosso, Nicola. "Etude de la structure locale et de la luminescence de matériaux optoélectroniques par spectroscopie d'absorption des rayons X." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001GRE10159.
Lavoie, Hugo. "Propriétés structurales de protéines membranaires à l'interface air-eau : une étude par spectroscopie PM-IRRAS et rayons X /." Thèse, Trois-Rivières : Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 2002. http://www.uqtr.ca/biblio/notice/resume/03-2238826R.html.
Thèse présentée sous la forme de 3 articles scientifiques rédigés en anglais et acceptés par différentes revues scientifiques. CaQTU Comprend des bibliogr.
Lavoie, Hugo. "Propriétés structurales de protéines membranaires à l'interface air-eau : une étude par spectroscopie PM-IRRAS et rayons X." Thèse, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 2002. http://depot-e.uqtr.ca/6654/1/000693512.pdf.
Benihya, Karim. "Nouveaux complexes macrocycliques du bismuth : synthèse et caractérisation par diffraction des RX et spectrométries UV-Visible, Infrarouge et résonance magnétique nucléaire du proton." Aix-Marseille 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999AIX11040.
Bantignies, Jean-Louis. "Etude par spectroscopie d'absorption des rayons x et spectroscopie infrarouge des contrastes de mouillabilite observes dans la fraction argileuse des roches reservoir greseuses." Paris 11, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA112383.
Ramond, Céline. "Probing the femtosecond dynamics of laser-cluster interaction via X-ray and electron spectroscopy : = Sonder la dynamique sub picoseconde de l'interaction laser agrégats par spectroscopie X et d'électrons énergétiques." Paris 6, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA066272.
The work performed during my thesis aims to study the sub-picosecond dynamics of laser- argon cluster interaction using X-ray and energetic electron spectroscopy. One of the key parameter to reveal the temporal competition between the electron heating mechanisms and the cluster expansion is the laser intensity threshold needed to create inner-shell vacancy in cluster atoms. Its evolution with pulse duration has been measured very accurately for two wavelengths, 400 and 800 nm. For long pulse durations, typically more than 800 fs in IR light and 600 fs in blue light, this intensity threshold is a low as 1014 W/cm2, confirming previous results at 610 fs. At this laser intensity, only ionization of the least bound electrons of the argon atom is possible via tunnel effect. This demonstrates that the production of Ar1+ is the ignition process for production of K-shell vacancy in highly charged Arq+. It has also been possible to compare, for the first time, the efficiency of the electron heating mechanisms between both wavelengths (400 and 800 nm) under similar experimental conditions. The mid- IR light is found to be always 10 times more efficient than blue light to create inner-shell vacancies, whatever the pulse duration up to 635 fs. This finding is in clear disagreement with the results present in the literature, as a -6 scaling law was found. Finally, by recording electron energy distribution under the same experimental conditions than the X-ray yield, we demonstrated a strong correlation between the high energy tail of the electron distribution (for energy typically higher than the inner-shell binding energy of the argon atom) and the X-ray emission
Pons, Jérôme. "Diagnostic d'un plasma d'argon fortement ionisé créé par décharge capillaire pour la production de rayonnement extrême-ultraviolet cohérent." Orléans, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003ORLE2001.
Wu, Meiyi. "Development of the x-ray standing waves methodology to probe the interfaces of periodic multilayers." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUS175/document.
The interfacial information of periodic multilayers can be crucial for the development of reflecting mirrors which operate in the X-ray and extreme ultraviolet (X-EUV) ranges. Such information may contain the interdiffusion and chemical process at the interfaces of the layers. The idea of this thesis is to apply the X-ray standing wave technique to the characterization of materials, mainly but not limited to the periodic multilayers. X-ray standing wave technique enables to enhance the excitation (photoemission, fluorescence etc.) of specific locations within a periodic stack. The nature of such advantage is the interference of two coherent X-ray beams. One may compare the X-ray standing waves with the mechanical standing waves. The constructive interference at the anti-nodal plane amplifies the electric field; while the destructive interference at the nodal plane minimizes the electric field. In this way, the experimental spectra obtained under standing wave field will be mostly the material located on the anti-nodal plane. Combined with other techniques such as X-ray emission spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, a depth-selective information with a sub-nanoscale sensitivity can be obtained
Rochet, Amélie. "Caractérisation structurale de catalyseurs hétérogènes en conditions de fonctionnement par spectroscopie d'absorption des rayons X résolue dans le temps." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00756909.
Halut, Desportes Sabine. "Etude de complexes du MG2+ avec le méthanol et la pyridine par diffraction des rayons X et spectroscopie vibrationnelle." Paris 6, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA066408.
Chaudemanche, Samuel. "Caractérisation in situ de l'endommagement volumique par Spectroscopie Raman et rayons X de différents polypropylènes déformés en traction uniaxiale." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LORR0263/document.
The use of polymer materials - replacing or combining with metallic materials - has successfully established itself in the 20th century for increasingly technical mechanical applications. The great diversity of polymers physical properties is closely related to their high microstructural complexity, which is still very misunderstood despite their massive use. The development of new techniques for in situ characterization allows to better understand the microstructural evolutions on nanoscale and micrometer scale which affect the macroscopic behavior. This work report the use of Raman spectroscopy coupled with the VideoTractionTM system in order to obtain information about the microstructural deformation of polymer. Various formulations of polypropylene were studied to highlight the role played by the polypropylene matrix and the organic and mineral fillers in the plastic deformation process. The in situ measures of the macromolecular chains' orientation determined by Raman were confirmed by the performing of an experimental setup coupling the Raman-VideoTractionTM system with a device of Wide angle X-ray scattering. The volume damage of material was studied post mortem using X-ray tomography. The improvements made to VideoTractionTM-Raman system and a study of the incoherent light scattering of our materials enabled the setting of a Raman criterion for measuring in situ the volume damage. The studies carried out to evaluate in situ macromolecular orientation and volume damage highlight the existence of competition between these two processes. The degree of influence of organic and mineral fillers in this competition within the polypropylene matrix was determined
Halut-Desportes, Sabine. "Etude de complexes de Mg²⁺ avec le méthanol et la pyridine par diffraction des rayons X et spectroscopie vibrationnelle." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1986. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37598182f.
Flogeac, Karine Aplincourt Michel. "Etude de la capacité de rétention de produits phytosanitaires par deux solides modèles des sols." Reims : S.C.D. de l'Université, 2005. http://scdurca.univ-reims.fr/exl-doc/GED00000041.pdf.
Panfilis, Simone De. "Étude de métaux liquides à haute température et haute pression par spectroscopie d'absorption des reyons X." Paris 6, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA066560.
Lebert, Blair Wilfred. "Propriétés magnétiques des supraconducteurs non conventionnels epsilon-Fe, FeSe, et Ca2CuO2Cl2 étudiés par diffusion des rayons X et des neutrons." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUS063.
The ubiquitous proximity of magnetic and superconducting order in unconventional superconductors implies the importance of understanding magnetism in these materials. In this context, this thesis concerns the study of magnetism in three unconventional superconductors. The magnetic excitations in the light element copper oxychloride system Ca2CuO2Cl2 were studied as a function of doping and temperature using primarily resonant inelastic x-ray scattering. The effect of pressure on magnetism in epsilon-iron and beta-FeSe was studied using x-ray emission spectroscopy and neutron powder diffraction
Fares, Lahouari. "Etude par microscopie électronique en transmission et diffraction des rayons X des phénomènes de décollement aux interfaces barrière de diffusion TiN/Ti- diélectrique." Aix-Marseille 3, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000AIX30021.
Lebert, Blair Wilfred. "Propriétés magnétiques des supraconducteurs non conventionnels epsilon-Fe, FeSe, et Ca2CuO2Cl2 étudiés par diffusion des rayons X et des neutrons." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUS063/document.
The ubiquitous proximity of magnetic and superconducting order in unconventional superconductors implies the importance of understanding magnetism in these materials. In this context, this thesis concerns the study of magnetism in three unconventional superconductors. The magnetic excitations in the light element copper oxychloride system Ca2CuO2Cl2 were studied as a function of doping and temperature using primarily resonant inelastic x-ray scattering. The effect of pressure on magnetism in epsilon-iron and beta-FeSe was studied using x-ray emission spectroscopy and neutron powder diffraction
Dufour, Catherine. "Etude des propriétés structurales et magnétiques de multicouches Fe/Si par spectroscopie Mössbauer et diffusion aux petits angles de R. X. Et de neutrons polarisés." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990INPL005N.
Cunin, Frédérique. "Synthèses, études structurales par spectroscopie de vibration, diffraction de rayons x sur poudre, analyse Rietveld de perchlorates covalents et ioniques." Montpellier 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000MON20016.
Jacquamet, Lilian. "Etudes structurales de la protéine Fur (Ferric uptake regulation) d'Escherichia coli par spectroscopie d'absorption des rayons X : XANES et EXAFS." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999GRE10044.