Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'La génération d'harmoniques d'ordre élevé'
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George, Hervé. "Génération d'harmoniques d'ordre élevé sur miroir plasma." Paris 11, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA112304.
Full textWhen an intense laser beam is focused on a solid target, the target's surface is rapidly ionized and forms dense plasma that reflects the incident field. For laser intensities above few 10 to the power of 15 Wcm-2, high order harmonics of the laser frequency, associated in the time domain to a train of attosecond pulses (1 as = 10 to the power of -18 s), can be generated upon this reflection. Ln this thesis, we developed numerical tools to reveal original aspects of harmonic generation mechanisms in three different interaction regime: the coherent wake emission, the relativistic emission and the resonant absorption. Ln particular, we established the role of these mechanisms when the target is a very thin foil (thickness of the order of 100 nm). Then we study experimentally the spectral, spatial and coherence properties of the emitted light. We illustrate how to exploit these measurements to get information on the plasma mirror dynamics on the femtosecond and attosecond time scales. Last, we propose a technique for the single-shot complete characterization of the temporal structure of the harmonic light emission from the laser-plasma mirror interaction
Zair, Amelle. "Production et caractérisation d'impulsions attosecondes VUV par génération d'harmoniques d'ordre élevé." Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00111726.
Full textAu CELIA, nous avons implémenté une technique de post-compression qui nous a permi de comprimer nos impulsions laser IR de 40 fs à 9 fs (1fs=10-15s). Ces impulsions sont ensuite utilisée pour confiner la HHG. Étant donné que le processus de HHG est efficace uniquement si les impulsions IR génératrices sont polarisées linéairement, nous avons créé une porte dans le profil temporel de nos impulsions sub-10fs où la polarisation est linéaire pendant une durée inferieure à la durée de l'impulsion IR génératrice. Ceci nous permet de confiner la HHG en dessous d'un demi-cycle optique IR. Cette technique de porte d'ellipticité, complètement caractérisée dans cette thèse, nous a permis de confiner la HHG jusqu'à l'émission d'une à deux impulsions attosecondes. Afin de caractériser le profil temporel du train d'impulsions attosecondes, nous avons également implémenté un interféromètre à deux couleurs qui nous a permit de mesurer la phase harmonique et de reconstruire nos trains d'impulsions attosecondes.
Zaïr, Amelle. "Production et caractérisation d'impulsions attosecondes VUV par génération d'harmoniques d'ordre élevé." Bordeaux 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006BOR13192.
Full textChappuis, Céline. "Génération d'harmoniques d'ordre élevé à deux faisceaux portant du moment angulaire." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLS022/document.
Full textHigh-order harmonic generation is a highly nonlinear laser-matter interaction process which allows the synthesis of sub-femtosecond pulses, also called attosecond (1 as = 10⁻¹⁸ s) pulses. My PhD is centered around the study of angular momentum transfer during this process, in order to control spatial and polarization features of the radiation which is emitted in the extreme ultraviolet. As for matter, the angular momentum of light can be divided into a spin component, associated with the beam’s polarization, and an orbital component, related to the shape of the wavefront. The control of high harmonics’ angular momentum requires generating schemes involving two crossing beams, thus creating a diffraction grating in the generating medium.We have shown that, although the transfer rules obey conservation laws of the angular momentum, the fine description of the phenomenon requires an accurate analysis of the laser field in the generation medium. This work opens the road for advanced shaping of attosecond pulses
Géneaux, Romain. "Le moment angulaire de la lumière en génération d'harmoniques d'ordre élevé." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLS474/document.
Full textAngular momentum is an ubiquitous quantity in all areas of physics. Just like matter, radiation carries angular momentum. It can be decomposed in two parts, namely the spin angular momentum (SAM) and the orbital angular momentum (OAM). Each one of these components has very specific properties and lead to numerous applications using visible and infrared light. In this thesis, we study the behavior of these two types of light angular momentum in a very non-linear process called high harmonic generation (HHG). In this physical process known since 1987, an intense infrared laser is focused into an atomic or molecular gas jet, which in the right intensity regime allows to generate a radiation which has a short wavelength (extreme ultraviolet domain) and is extremely brief (attosecond, 1 as = 10⁻¹⁸ s).We begin by describing theoretically this process, as well as defining in depth the notion of light angular momentum. We then study HHG from an infrared laser carrying OAM. This allows to obtain an unique light source, generating ultrashort light pulses of controlled orbital angular momentum with a wavelength of the order of 10 nm. We then study GHOE from beams carrying MAS. Using a resonance from the generation gas, we manage to transfer this angular momentum to the emitted extreme ultraviolet radiation. This radiation is finally used to measure photoionisation circular dichroisms in chiral molecules, measurements previously restricted to synchrotron sources. This paves the way towards chiroptic time resolved measurement on a femto/attosecond timescale
Kovačev, Milutin. "Rayonnement harmonique d'ordre élevé : génération d'impulsions attosecondes : applications de la cohérence." Paris 11, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA112297.
Full textThe work presented in this thesis is dedicated to the characterization and optimisation of the unique properties of high order harmonic generation in a rare gas: high brilliance, short pulse duration (femtosecond to attosecond, 1as = 10^(-18)s) and good mutual coherence. In the first part of this work, we concentrate on the exploitation of a scaling law using a high-energy laser loosely focused inside an extended gaseous medium. For the first time, the generated harmonic energy exceeds the 1mJ level per laser pulse m the 15th harmonic order at a wavelength of 53nm. The conversion efficiency reaches 4x10^(-5), which results from the combination of a strong dipolar response and a good phase matching within a generating volume that is extended by selfguiding of the generating laser pulse. In the second part, our interest is devoted to the temporal profile of the harmonic emission and its attosecond structure. We first demonstrate the feasibility of a spatial/spectral selection of the contributions associated to the two main electronic trajectories, allowing thereby the generation of regular attosecond pulse trains. We then characterize such an attosecond pulse train by the measurement of the relative phases of consecutive harmonics. Finally, we describe an original technique for the temporal confinement of the harmonic emission by manipulating the ellipticity of the generating laser beam. In the third part, our interest is dedicated to the mutual coherence properties of the harmonic emission. We first demonstrate the precise control of the relative phase of the harmonic pulses by multiple beam interference in the XUV. This frequency-domain interferometry using four phase-locked temporally separated pulses shows an extreme sensitivity to the relative phase of the pulses on an attosecond time scale. We then measure for the first time the first order autocorrelation trace of the harmonic beam thanks to the generation of two harmonic sources mutually coherent and spatially separated. We study the influence of the spatial separation between the harmonic sources on the measured interferograms. These studies provide a way towards Fourier transform spectroscopy in the XUV
Thiré, Nicolas. "Photodynamiques moléculaires sondées par imagerie de vecteurs vitesses et génération d'harmoniques d'ordre élevé." Phd thesis, Toulouse 3, 2011. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1403/.
Full textThis thesis deals with the study of ultrafast phenomena, particularly the relaxation dynamics initiated by a femtosecond pulse (10-15 s). In the first part, velocity map imaging was used to study two systems: methyl iodide (CH3I), in its first excited Rydberg state and tetrathiafulvalene (TTF -C6H4S4). In the TTF, the aim is to characterize the two major absorption bands at 300 nm. During the study of the predissociation of CH3I, the vibrational distribution of the CH3 fragment was characterized,whereas as far as the TTF is concerned bond strength of the dimer was extracted. The interpretation of photoelectron spectra of CH3I provides a good understanding of the dynamics from and/or in resonance with states near the ionization potential. In the second part, the electronic structure of atom or molecule is probed by high order harmonics generation (HHG). The minimum of the total photoionization cross section of argon (Cooper minimum) was observed and studied in the harmonic spectrum. This study allowed, among other things, for the design of a reliable and comprehensive theoretical model. Then the HHG in a chiral molecule: the fenchone (C10H16O), clearly showed the sensitivity of the harmonic process to the chirality, while interacting with an elliptically polarized field. Finally, HHG was used to probe molecular dynamics initiated by a transient excitation grating at 400 nm in nitrogen dioxide (NO2). This at picosecond time scale : photodissociation, and femtosecond time scale : population transfer via a conical intersection
Thiré, Nicolas. "Photodynamiques moléculaires sondées par imagerie de vecteurs vitesses et génération d'harmoniques d'ordre élevé." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00663009.
Full textHiguet, Julien. "Études structurelles et dynamiques de systèmes atomiques ou moléculaires par génération d'harmoniques d'ordre élevé." Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00555111.
Full textHiguet, Julien. "Etudes structurelles et dynamiques de systèmes atomiques ou moléculaires par génération d'harmoniques d'ordre élevé." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010BOR14078/document.
Full textHigh harmonic generation is a well known phenomenon explained by a “three step” model: because of the high intensity field generated by an ultrashort laser pulse, an atom or a molecule can be tunnel ionized. The ejected electron is then accelerated by the intense electric field, and eventually can recombine on its parent ion, leading to the emission of a XUV photon. Because of the generating process in itself, this light source is a promising candidate to probe the electronic structure of atoms and molecules, with an attosecond/sub-nanometer potential resolution (1 as=10-18 s).In this work, we have studied the sensitivity of the emitted light (in terms of amplitude, but also phase and polarization) towards the electronic structure of the generating medium. We have first worked on atomic medium, then on molecules (N2, CO2, O2). Comparing the experimental results with numerical simulations shows the necessity to model finely the generation process and to go beyond commonly used approximations.We have also shown the possibility to perform high harmonic spectroscopy in order to measure dynamics of complex molecules, such as Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2). This technic has obtained complementary results compared to classical spectroscopy and has revealed dynamics of the electronic wavepacket along a conical intersection. In this experiment, we have adapted conventionnal optical spectroscopy technics to the XUV spectral area, which significantly improved the signal over noise ratio
Hergott, Jean-François. "Optimisation de la génération d'harmoniques d'ordre élevé et application à l'interférométrie UVX résolue en temps." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2001. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00081880.
Full textDans une première partie, nous présentons une étude approfondie de l'optimisation du flux harmonique produit soit dans une fibre creuse soit dans un jet. Dans chacun des cas, nous déterminons les facteurs limitant l'émission : accord de phase, absorption, ionisation, défocalisation. La comparaison des profils d'émission avec les simulations démontre le rôle crucial de la phase du dipôle atomique pour la génération dans une fibre. L'optimisation dans un jet conduit à des efficacités de conversion allant de 10-5 à 50nm (1010 ph/imp) à 10-7 à 15nm (5.107 ph/imp).
Dans une deuxième partie, nous étudions la focalisation du rayonnement harmonique par une lentille de Bragg-Fresnel, qui permet une focalisation efficace hors axe, sans aberration. Nous mesurons pour l'harmonique 39 une tache focale de l'ordre de 2µm. Compte tenu du flux élevé et de la courte durée (femtoseconde) des harmoniques, des éclairements élevés dans l'UVX peuvent être atteints.
Finalement, nous présentons les premières expériences de diagnostic de plasma par interférométrie UVX utilisant le rayonnement harmonique. Une technique originale est développée à partir de 2 sources harmoniques mutuellement cohérentes séparées spatialement. L'analogue temporel de l'interférométrie spatiale, qui utilise 2 impulsions harmoniques séparées en temps, est également démontré. Cette interférométrie fréquentielle a permis le premier diagnostic UVX de l'évolution temporelle d'un plasma avec une résolution femtoseconde. Une extension du schéma de 2 à 4 impulsions permet de mesurer avec une sensibilité extrême un déphasage équivalent à une demi-période harmonique, soit des écarts temporels à l'échelle attoseconde (1as=10-18s).
Gauthier, David. "Imagerie nanométrique ultra-rapide par diffraction cohérente de rayonnement extrême-UV produit par génération d'harmoniques d'ordre élevé." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00734344.
Full textMaghraoui, Ahmed. "Génération d'harmoniques d'ordre élevé pour l'étude de la dynamique des charges et de l'aimantation de films de cobalt." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015STRAE010/document.
Full textThe goal of this thesis is to develop an harmonic source to cover the energy range of 50-70 eV of the electromagnetic spectrum by high harmonic generation in a rare gas. This source called "tabletop" is obtained from a femtosecond laser system based on the chirped pulse amplification technique. Such source allows probing the magnetization dynamics at the M-edges of transition metals. The interest to probe the magnetization dynamics with X-rays is the chemical selectivity on the elements. This, one can probe the spin dynamics of the chemical element which are responsible for magnetism. For example, in a system containing several elements, one can reach the magnetic properties of each one of its components by adjusting the photon energy to the absorption edge of the element
Gruson, Vincent. "Polarimétrie harmonique et spectroscopie de photoionisation attoseconde." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015SACLS227/document.
Full textAttosecond physics is an expending field, intrinsically linked to the High Harmonic Generation process. This emission, which can be either an attosecond pulse train or an isolated attosecond pulse, constitutes a light source in the extreme-UV (XUV) spectral domain, coherent, perfectly synchronous of the generating field. Two thematic have been studied. The first one consists in the complete characterization of the harmonic emission through Molecular Polarimetry, in collaboration with ISMO-Orsay. This technique is based on the measurement of the Molecular Frame PhotoElectron Angular Distribution, during the dissociative ionization of NO molecules. We applied this technique to three configurations producing an elliptically polarized light. For the first time, we obtain the absolute value of the ellipticity, its sign and the depolarization rate. The second topic is the resonant attosecond photoionization: we studied the photoionization of helium, close to the 2s2p autoionization resonance at 60.15 eV, excited by a tunable XUV pulse and probed by an IR pulse, using RABBIT technique, enabling the measurement of the spectral amplitude and phase of the two photons resonant transition. From this, we can reconstruct the two-photons electron wave packets (EWP). These measurements have been completed by simulations done by our collaborator from UAM-Madrid and LCPMR-Paris, showing that, in our experimental conditions, this two photons EWP corresponds to the image of the one-photon EWP. This measurement is the first reconstruction of the temporal dynamic of a resonance non-perturbed by a laser field, with an attosecond resolution
Mairesse, Yann. "Génération et caractérisation d'impulsions attosecondes." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011620.
Full textEn transposant une technique d'interférométrie spectrale couramment utilisée pour la caractérisation complète d'impulsions infrarouges (SPIDER), nous effectuons une caractérisation complète monocoup du profil temporel d'harmoniques individuelles, à l'échelle femtoseconde.
Ensuite, nous étudions expérimentalement la structure attoseconde du rayonnement harmonique, et mettons en évidence une dérive temporelle dans l'émission : les harmoniques les plus faibles sont émises avant les plus élevées. Cette dérive, qui est directement liée à la dynamique électronique microscopique dans le processus de génération, limite la durée d'impulsion que l'on peut obtenir en augmentant la largeur spectrale. Nous présentons les résultats de l'optimisation des conditions de génération afin d'améliorer la synchronisation dans l'émission. Nous montrons également la possibilité de recomprimer les impulsions attosecondes.
Enfin, nous proposons une nouvelle technique pour la caractérisation complète d'impulsions attosecondes arbitraires : FROGCRAB. Elle permettrait une mesure simultanée des caractéristiques femtoseconde et attoseconde du rayonnement, et ainsi une connaissance complète de la source lumineuse attoseconde en vue de son utilisation dans des expériences d'applications.
Staedter, David. "Spectroscopie femtoseconde reésolue en temps dans les systèmes polyatomiques étudieés par l'imagerie de vecteur vitesse et de génération d'harmoniques d'ordre élevé." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00922203.
Full textClergerie, Alex. "Modélisation de spectroscopie moléculaire par paquets d'électrons attosecondes." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019BORD0243.
Full textOn the basis of previous numerical simulations for atomic targets, we develop a model to describe high-orderharmonic generation in molecules subjected to short and intense laser pulses. In this process, anelectron wavepacket launched through ionization is driven by the field and comes back to the molecular ioniccore that it probes on the attosecond timescale. Our model, to which we refer to as molCTMC-QUEST,describes ionization and electron propagation into the continuum classically, in terms of electron trajectories, while photorecombination is described quantum mechanically. We present the methodology that wehave built, and we later apply it to harmonic generation in water molecules. After simulations in which themolecules remain frozen in their equilibrium geometry throughout the interaction, we explicitly take intoaccount nuclear vibration between ionization and recombination. molCTMC-QUEST provides a quantitativedescription of the generation process combined with an intuitive picture of the interaction inherent in theclassical description of electron dynamics
Cassin, Rémy. "Imagerie nanométrique ultra-rapide par diffraction cohérente de rayonnement XUV produit par génération d'harmoniques d'ordre élevés." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLS591/document.
Full textThe aim of this dissertation is todevelop new lensless single shot imagingtechnique in 2D and 3D with XUV harmonicsources which can be applied to study biologicalobjects and phase objects. Firstly, we introducethe theory underlying lensless imagingtechniques and we describe the methods usedduring this thesis to reconstruct the light fielddiffracted by the studied object. The imagingtechniques are split in two categories: iterativeand holographic. The iterative methodsreconstruct the phase of the diffracted wavefront using constraints in the Fourier space andthe reel space. With the holographic techniques,the phase is encoded directly in the interferencefringes between the reference and the objectwithin the diffraction pattern. We discuss theexperimental parameters required to achieve animage reconstruction and we compare therespective advantages of the two types ofmethod. Then, we describe the experimentalparameters of the XUV beam produced by highharmonic generation (HHG) and we brieflyexplain the theory of the HHG. The next sectiondiscusses the parameters the quality of thereconstructed image. We show how to improvethe resolution and the signal to noise ratio usingthe HERALDO technique in the low fluxregime.We then show the result of a new technique forthe single shot characterization of the spatialcoherence of XUV beams. Indeed, the spatialcoherence is a critical parameter for coherentdiffractive imaging techniques. Using a NRA ofreference holes, we measure the spatialcoherence for each distance between each pairof holes, without the knowledge of the intensitydistribution on the sample. We show that thespatial coherence has a gaussian distribution andthat its diameter varies according to thegeneration parameters of the harmonic beam.We also study quantitatively the effect of multishotsaccumulation of the diffraction pattern onthe apparent coherence of the beam. We alsoshow the result of phase object imaging usingcoherent diffractive imaging with a harmonicsource. To our knowledge, this if the first timesuch result has been achieved. The rest of thedissertation present new lensless imaging 3Dtechniques using harmonic sources. The first ofthe last two experiments shown is a lenslesssingle shot stereo 3D technique. It is the first oneallowing a 3D reconstruction from a singleacquisition, with a nanometer spatial resolutionand a femtosecond temporal resolution, withoutusing \textit{a priori} knowledge of the samplestudied. This method has a vast spectrum ofapplication and is particularly interesting for thestructural study of biological sample sensitive toradiation damage and for the study of nonreversibledynamical phenomena in 3D.Furthermore, this can easily be implemented inFELs and synchrotrons to reach even betterspatial resolution. The second 3D experimentshown in this thesis is a proof of concept ofcryptotomography using a high harmonic sourcein a low flux regime. To reconstruct the 3Dvolume of the sample, cryptotomographie usesdiffraction pattern acquired for unknown sampleorientations and therefore non-classified. Thelow flux regime used here simulate the flux of aharmonic source generated in the water window.We conclude from this experiment that, with theproper experimental conditions, the diffractionsignal is sufficient to allow the classification byorientation of the diffraction patterns. Withenough diffraction pattern and angles of thesample recorded, we can achieve a 3Dreconstruction of the sample. This result impliesthat the cryptotomography of biological objectsusing a water window harmonic source ispossible
Boutu, Willem. "DYNAMIQUE DE LA GENERATION D'HARMONIQUES DANS LES ATOMES ET LES MOLECULES." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00593728.
Full textFranz, Dominik. "High harmonic generation in crystals assisted by local field enhancement in nanostructures." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLS128/document.
Full textThe aim of this dissertation is to study the process of high-order harmonic generation (HHG) in solids and the possibility to amplify solid HHG by exploiting local field enhancements in nanostructures. While HHG in gases has been known for several decades and has been extensively studied, HHG in solids was first reported in 2011. Different processes such as interband and intraband oscillations were identified to play an important role in solid HHG. However, the process is still under investigation and debated in the community. Here, we study the generation of high harmonics in different crystals, such as ZnO, CaCO₃ and CdWO₄. We confirm that HHG depends on the driving wavelengths and on crystalline orientation. Beside 3D bulk crystals, we investigate HHG in 2D materials such as graphene. Due to its high electron mobility and its special band structure HHG in graphene is more efficient than in bulk crystals. Typically, intensities of 10¹² TW/cm² or more are needed to trigger HHG. The high intensity is reached by employing schemes like chirped pulse amplification which generates femtosecond pulses with µJ- or mJ-energies. Thanks to recent advances in nanofabrication techniques, nanostructures can enhance a laser electric field by several orders of magnitude. While plasmonically enhanced HHG in gases was shown not to be feasible, recent works reported on the amplification of HHG in solids. In this work, we explore the amplification of crystal HHG under various configurations. We first study different types of plasmonic nanostructures, namely bow ties, nanoholes, gratings and resonators. We compare them with respect to different parameters such as enhancement volume and peak enhancement. Different driving wavelengths and crystals are used. Strong amplification by several orders of magnitude is demonstrated for the third harmonic. Furthermore, we discuss radiation-induced damage of plasmonic nanostructures. Semiconductor nanostructures which confine light by subwavelength waveguiding have several advantages with respect to metallic nanostructures. Semiconductor nanocones for example exhibit a large amplification volume, several orders of magnitudes larger than previously reported and avoid melting observed in metallic nanostructures. We carry out several iterations of experiments with ZnO nanocones where the detection system and the nanocone geometry are improved in each cycle. We use different driving lasers and different optimized nanocone geometries. HHG in ZnO nanocones up to 15th order from a 3.1 µm driving laser is demonstrated. Amplification by several orders of magnitude of both perturbative and non-perturbative harmonics from nanojoule-oscillator pulses at MHz repetition rate and 2.1 µm wavelength is demonstrated, for the first time up to H9. The amplification factor depends on the pump intensity. We also explore the strong amplification of luminescence and propose ways to disentangle its contribution from the coherent one. Furthermore, we explore several applications of crystal HHG. First, we propose a new way to deduce the electric field spatial distribution in nanostructures by analyzing the radiation-induced damage. Secondly, we use the spatially coherent emission from the nanocone to image nanoscale objects with nanometer scale resolution. In addition, we generate solid harmonics that carry an orbital angular momentum
Ferré, Amelie. "Etude des dynamiques moléculaires sondées par générations d'harmoniques d'ordres élevés." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BORD0165/document.
Full textHigh harmonic generation (HHG) spectroscopy has proven to be a promisingtool (like probe in pump-probe experiments) in revealing the atomic and molecular dynamicswith the potential for subangstrom spatial resolution and subfemtosecond temporalresolution. Then, rotational dynamics have been resolved on small molecular systems (N2,CO2). This thesis looks to extending HHG spectroscopy methods to probe the structureand the dynamic of complex molecular systems. We will describe the two sources highharmonic generation, the transient grating of excitation and the two-color high harmonicgeneration. We enable to resolve the femtosecond nuclear dynamics in N2O4 and SF6. HHGis also used like a XUV radiation source, playing the role of pump pulse. This approach hasbeen used for the study of photoelectron circular dichroism. An XUV harmonic field witha quasi-circular polarization ionizes chiral molecules. In this manuscript, we will developthis new femtosecond XUV and quasi circular polarization radiation
Kazamias-Moucan, Sophie. "Optimisation d'une source d'harmoniques d'ordres élevés pour l'optique non-linéaire dans l'extrême UV." Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00008285.
Full textLiu, Xu. "Development of an extreme ultraviolet laser beamline for at wavelength metrology." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UPASP045.
Full textThe partnership established between CEA/LIDYL and the SME Imagine Optic (IO) at the beginning of 2020 led to the creation of the joint laboratory NanoLite, dedicated to the development of optical systems specialized in metrology at short wavelengths. This laboratory focuses notably on the extreme ultraviolet (EUV, 10-100 nm) domain, crucial for various sectors such as synchrotron radiation facilities, microelectronics (lithography), and academic research (attosecond physics).The present CIFRE thesis focuses on the development of a compact and high-performance beamline in the EUV range, based on the generation of high-order harmonic (HHG). This nonlinear phenomenon enables the production of spatially coherent radiation in the EUV range from femtosecond laser pulses. The construction of this beamline relies on a new laser system with a repetition rate of 100 kHz, generating pulses of 50 fs. This thesis manuscript addresses the various technical aspects necessary, from optics to mechanics, vacuum to electronics, and software programming for data acquisition and processing.The developed beamline has been operational since October 2022. The implemented and tested industrial applications, such as the calibration of EUV HASO wavefront sensors, inspection of the surface quality of EUV optics, and wavefront measurement modalities by stitching, are described in this manuscript.Another possible approach for metrology, complementary to wavefront characterization, is offered by nanometric coherent diffraction imaging. Ptychography, a technique that allows the study of extended samples without sacrificing spatial resolution, enables the reconstruction of spatial characteristics (amplitude and phase) of the illumination beam. Various applications of ptychography are presented, including a study of the influence of the spectral width of the source and a new self-probed imaging configuration in which the sample and the radiation source are coincident. Finally, ptychography is applied for the characterization of the EUV focus of the beamline.All these achievements have validated the performance of the beamline and have revealed possible avenues for further optimization
Lotti, Antonio. "Pulse shaping and ultrashort laser pulse filamentation for applications in extreme nonlinear optics." Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 2012. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/66/56/70/PDF/tesi.pdf.
Full textThis thesis deals with numerical studies of the properties and applications of spatio-temporally coupled pulses, conical wavepackets and laser filaments, in strongly nonlinear processes, such as harmonic generation and pulse reshaping. We study the energy redistribution inside these wavepackets propagating in gases and condensed media, in the linear and nonlinear regime. The energy flux constitutes a diagnostic for space-time couplings that we applied to actual experimental results. We analyze the spectral evolution of filaments in gases and derive the conditions for the generation of ultrashort pulses in the UV range. We study high harmonic generation in a gas from ultrashort conical wavepackets. In particular, we show how their propagation properties influence the harmonic output. We also study the interference of different electron trajectories. Finally, we derive the shape of stationary Airy beams in the nonlinear regime. For each topic, we present experimental results that motivated our works or were motivated by our simulations
Huijts, Julius. "Broadband Coherent X-ray Diffractive Imaging and Developments towards a High Repetition Rate mid-IR Driven keV High Harmonic Source." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLS154/document.
Full textSoft X-ray sources based on high harmonic generation are up to now unique tools to probe dynamics in matter on femto- to attosecond timescales. High harmonic generation is a process in which an intense femtosecond laser pulse is frequency upconverted to the UV and soft X-ray region through a highly nonlinear interaction in a gas. Thanks to their excellent spatial coherence, they can be used for lensless imaging, which has already led to impressive results. To use these sources to the fullest of their potential, a number of challenges needs to be met: their brightness and maximum photon energy need to be increased and the lensless imaging techniques need to be modified to cope with the large bandwidth of these sources. For the latter, a novel approach is presented, in which broadband diffraction patterns are rendered monochromatic through a numerical treatment based solely on the spectrum and the assumption of a spatially non-dispersive sample. This approach is validated through a broadband lensless imaging experiment on a supercontinuum source in the visible, in which a binary sample was properly reconstructed through phase retrieval for a source bandwidth of 11 %. Through simulations, the numerical monochromatization method is shown to work for hard X-rays as well, with a simplified semiconductor lithography mask as sample. A potential application of lithography mask inspection on an inverse Compton scattering source is proposed, although the conclusion of the analysis is that the current source lacks brightness for the proposal to be realistic. Simulations with sufficient brightness show that the sample is well reconstructed up to 10 % spectral bandwidth at 8 keV. In an extension of these simulations, an extended lithography mask sample is reconstructed through ptychography, showing that the monochromatization method can be applied in combination with different lensless imaging techniques. Through two synchrotron experiments an experimental validation with hard X-rays was attempted, of which the resulting diffraction patterns after numerical monochromatization look promising. The phase retrieval process and data treatment however require additional efforts.An important part of the thesis is dedicated to the extension of high harmonic sources to higher photon energies and increased brightness. This exploratory work is performed towards the realization of a compact high harmonic source on a high repetition rate mid-IR OPCPA laser system, which sustains higher average power and longer wavelengths compared to ubiquitous Ti:Sapphire laser systems. High repetition rates are desirable for numerous applications involving the study of rare events. The use of mid-IR wavelengths (3.1 μm in this work) promises extension of the generated photon energies to the kilo-electronvolt level, allowing shorter pulses, covering more X-ray absorption edges and improving the attainable spatial resolution for imaging. However, high repetition rates come with low pulse energies, which constrains the generation process. The generation with longer wavelengths is challenging due to the significantly lower dipole response of the gas. To cope with these challenges a number of experimental configurations is explored theoretically and experimentally: free-focusing in a gas-jet; free-focusing in a gas cell; soliton compression and high harmonic generation combined in a photonic crystal fiber; separated soliton compression in a photonic crystal fiber and high harmonic generation in a gas cell. First results on soliton compression down to 26 fs and lower harmonics up to the seventh order are presented.Together, these results represent a step towards ultrafast lensless X-ray imaging on table-top sources and towards an extension of the capabilities of these sources
Sanson, Fabrice. "Génération et optimisation d'harmoniques d’ordres élevés portant un moment angulaire orbital pour l'injection dans un plasma de laser X-UV." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021UPASP026.
Full textThis document presents the CIFRE/Amplitude thesis work carried out to set up on the LASERIX XUV line an experiment of high harmonic generation by a pump infrared beam carrying a non-zero orbital angular momentum produced by adding a phase plate on the beam path. The originality of our approach was to generate the harmonics in a relatively long gas cell (around 10mm) and to characterize the optical vortices of harmonic 25 by a Extreme Ultraviolet Hartmann. We demonstrated that the sensitivity of the detector and the reliability of the software processing of the data made it possible to verify that harmonic 25 typically carries an orbital angular momentum of 25, as theoretically predicted. Further analysis of the experimental data allowed us to quantitatively demonstrate the intrinsically multimode nature of the produced beams. I have therefore detailed the different methods of analysis proposed in the literature, I could compare their reliability and their relevance to describe the physical phenomenon at work. I also studied in detail the robustness and convergence of the analytical methods applied to beams with typical orbital angular momenta as high as l=25. The analysis of the data allowed me to show the role of even very weak residual astigmatism contained in the pump infrared beam to produce the bi-lobal shape of the vortices. This characteristic shape was also obtained by other teams. One way to regain a truly annular shape is to set up an active optimization loop of the pump laser wavefront. I have also developed propagation and diffraction calculations of beams carrying non-zero orbital angular momenta, whether in EUV or infrared. This allowed me to quantify the multimode character, in terms of LG modes, of the infrared beams passing through a phase plate that was first assumed to be perfect, then real. Then I showed using the single atom model for harmonic generation that this non-linear, non-perturbative process intrinsically induced new radial LG modes. Finally, the objective of all this work for the LASERIX team was to demonstrate the ability of an X-ray laser amplifier plasma pumped from a solid target to amplify a harmonic vortex at the right wavelength, while maintaining its modal structure and in any case the charge carried by the beam. A collaboration with Eduardo Oliva from Madrid, who carries out Maxwell Bloch simulations, shows that this is possible from the point of view of the fundamental physics of the amplification in this wavelength range
Cantono, Giada. "Relativistic Plasmonics for Ultra-Short Radiation Sources." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLS353/document.
Full textPlasmonics studies how the electromagnetic radiation couples with the collective oscillations of the electrons within a medium. Surface plasmons (SPs), in particular, have a well-established role in the development of forefront photonic devices, as they allow for strong enhancement of the local EM field over sub-micrometric dimensions. Promoting the SP excitation to the high-field regime, where the electrons quiver at relativistic velocities, would open stimulating perspectives for the both the manipulation of ultra-intense laser light and the development of energetic, short radiation sources. Indeed, the excitation of resonant plasma modes is a possible strategy to efficiently deliver the energy of a high-power laser to a solid target, this being among the current challenges in the physics of highly-intense laser-matter interaction. Gathering these topics, this thesis demonstrates the opportunity of resonant surface plasmon excitation at ultra-high laser intensities by studying how such waves accelerate bunches of relativistic electrons along the target surface and how they enhance the generation of high-order harmonics of the laser frequency. Both these processes have been investigated with numerous experiments and extensive numerical simulations. Adopting a standard configuration from classical plasmonics, SPs are excited on solid, wavelength-scale grating targets. In their presence, both electron and harmonic emissions exhibit remarkable features that support the conception of practical applications. Putting aside some major technical and conceptual issues discouraging the applicability of plasmonic effects in the high-field regime, these results are expected to mark new promises to the exploration of Relativistic Plasmonics
Lotti, Antonio. "Modulations d'impulsions et filamentation d'impulsions laser ultra-courtes pour les applications en optique non-linéaire extrême." Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2012. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00665670.
Full textKaassamani, Shatha. "Polarization Spectroscopy of High Order Harmonic Generation in Semiconductors Orbital angular momentum from semiconductor high-order harmonics All semiconductor enhanced highharmonic generation from a single nanostructured cone." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASP091.
Full textSince its first observation, a decade ago, high harmonic generation (HHG) in crystals has proved to be an efficient, controllable and compact source of coherent XUV radiation. In this thesis, we investigate HHG in 2D materials, particularly graphene, and in different semiconductor crystals mainly zinc oxide, silicon, gallium arsenide and magnesium oxide. We find that the laser properties, such as its intensity, polarization and ellipticity, and the crystal properties are interrelated. Moreover, we shed the light on the role of the linear and nonlinear propagation effects mainly the Kerr effect, upon laser interaction with the crystal, which can significantly influence the high harmonic generation efficiency. Although this presents major limitations, we show that in some cases it turns out to be an advantage. Finally, we demonstrate the manipulation of the harmonic radiation at the source of the emission by patterning nanostructures to confine and enhance nanojoule laser pulses, and generate harmonic beams carrying orbital angular momentum. Lastly, we successfully image a micrometer-sized sample by the coherent diffractive imaging (CDI) technique based on solid-state harmonics
Labeye, Marie. "Molecules interacting with short and intense laser pulses : simulations of correlated ultrafast dynamics." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUS193/document.
Full textIn this thesis we study different aspects of the ultrafast dynamics of atoms and molecules triggered by intense and short infrared laser pulses. Highly non-linear processes like tunnel ionization, high order harmonic generation and above threshold ionization are investigated. Two different and complementary approaches are used. On the one hand we construct approximate analytical models to get physical insight on these processes. On the other hand, these models are supported by the results of accurate numerical simulations that explicitly solve the time dependent Schrödinger equation for simple benchmark models in reduced dimensions. A numerical method based on time dependent configuration interaction is investigated to describe larger and more more complex systems with several electrons
Thaury, Cédric. "Génération d'harmoniques d'ordres élevés sur miroir plasma." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00335261.
Full textAu cours de cette thèse, nous avons prouvé que lorsque l'éclairement laser est de l'ordre de $10^{19}Wcm^{-2}$, deux mécanismes peuvent contribuer à la génération d'harmoniques d'ordres élevés sur miroir plasma : l'émission cohérente de sillage et l'émission relativiste. Ces deux mécanismes ont été étudiés à la fois théoriquement et expérimentalement.
Nous avons ainsi montré que, grâce à des propriétés très différentes, les harmoniques générées par ces deux processus peuvent être distinguées expérimentalement, sans ambiguïté. Nous nous sommes ensuite intéressés aux propriétés de phase spectrales et spatiales des harmoniques. Enfin, nous avons illustré comment exploiter la cohérence des mécanismes de génération pour obtenir des informations sur la dynamique électronique du plasma.
Platzer, Dominique. "Spectroscopie de photoionisation d’atomes et molécules en phase gazeuse aux échelles de temps femtoseconde et attoseconde." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASP088.
Full textIn this work are studied atomic and molecular systems in the gas phase using time-resolved electron pump-probe spectroscopy on the femtosecond (1 fs = 10⁻¹⁵ s) and attosecond (1 as = 10⁻¹⁸ s) timescales on the SE1 beamline of the ATTOLab platform. First, the femtosecond dissociation of methyl iodide following the absorption of one UV photon was investigated by Auger spectroscopy and multiphoton ionization (ATI-IR). In the latter case, a relaxation dynamic with 75 fs caracteristic time was evidenced for the part of the nuclear wavepacket confined to small internuclear distances. Second, the attosecond ionization dynamics of argon were studied over a large spectral range including Cooper minima. This study required: (i) a coherent light source in the extreme ultra-violet (photon energy in the 10-100 eV range) based on high harmonic generation and producing attosecond pulse trains, and (ii) an electron interferometry technique giving access to the spectral phase of the photoemitted wavepackets. The latter are used to extract the attosecond photoemission time delays that can be interpreted as the time necessary for the electron to escape from the atomic potential. Strong variations of the time delays were observed between the 3s and 3p valence shells, revealing important electronic correlation effects, like the presence of shake-up ionization channels. To be able to reconstruct the complete movie of the photoionization process, one needs to add spatial information to the spectral/temporal measurements. Two-photon resonant ionization of helium through the 1s3p state was then studied, using a velocity-map imaging (VMI) spectrometer instead of the angularly-integrating magnetic-bottle electron spectrometer used in the previous studies. An extremely fast spectral phase shift was measured, quite homogeneously up to 45° emission angles, thus giving a more complete view of the process. Finally, a new VMI spectrometer was designed, built and installed on the beamline. Its main specifications (energy range and resolution) were optimized for attosecond spectroscopy, mainly through the development of a new electrostatic lens
Bouchard, Guillaume. "Étude théorique et numérique de la génération d’harmoniques XUV à l’aide de lasers ultra-intenses sur feuilles minces." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASS037.
Full textWhen focusing an ultra-intense femtosecond laser pulse (Iλ0² > 10¹⁶ W.cm⁻ ²) on to a solid, the incident laser field is sufficiently high to ionise almost entirely the target at the very beginning of the pulse.Thus the most part of the laser field is reflected in the specular direction by the overdense plasma created until then : This is what we call a plasma mirror. The electrons, accelerated by the ultra-intense laser field ,are pulled out of the plasma with speeds which are almost equal to the speed of light c. For each laser period, electrons are the sources of a high-frequency radiation that can extend to the Extreme Ultra Violetor X domains. This periodicity in the generation process leads to the emergence of a harmonic spectrum of the laser frequency ω₀. Eventually, electrons are pushed back into the plasma with speeds always very close to c. Even though mechanisms of the XUV radiation are well known in the specular direction today, too few studies were conducted to understand generations process in the transmitted direction.The objective of this PhD thesis is to deepen understanding the laser-plasma interaction for the case where the target thickness is of the wavelength order. In particular, we will study the role of relativistic electronsjets in the forward radiation, when they fly across the target rear side.The first part of this manuscript will essentially deal with the already well-known mechanisms which explain the radiation in the specular direction. We can wonder to what extent these models are not sufficient to describe the forward radiation, in the transmitted direction.The second part of this manuscript deal with FDTD methods (Finite Difference Time Domain) in use in the "Particle-in-Cell" codes, especially two numerical effects induced by these methods potentially harmful for simulations in order to achieve physical results with meaning : Numerical dispersion and Numerical Cherenkov Instabilities. We will try to make an improvement to the algorithms in order to mitigate these two annoying effects. Eventually, we will identify a new coherent XUV radiation mechanism : The coherent plasma bremsstrahlung or coherent plasma braking radiation. When electrons leave the plasma, a several TV space-charge field appear on the target rear side. This braking longitudinal field accelerate electrons jets transversally which was created by next optical cycles. These jets radiate intenselight pulses of hundreds attoseconds
Comby, Antoine. "Dynamiques ultrarapides de molécules chirales en phase gazeuse." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019BORD0230/document.
Full textChirality is a geometric property that characterizes objects that cannot be superposed on their mirror image. Our hands are an emblematic example of this, since they exist in two different forms, right and left. While chirality is observed at all scales in the universe, it plays a particularly important role in chemistry. A chiral molecule and its mirror image can react differently with their environment and be therapeutic or toxic. These effects obviously have immense repercussions on the animal and plant kingdom. It then becomes clear that it is essential to study precisely the dynamics of chiral chemical reactions.In this thesis, we studied the ultrafast dynamics of chiral molecules by laser sources of femtosecond duration ($10^{-15}$ s). Molecular chirality is generally difficult to detect, so we have used a recent technique, circular photoelectron dichroism (PECD), to generate a very important chiral signal. We have thus observed ultrafast molecular dynamics at the attosecond scale ($10^{-18}$ s), and highlighted relaxation and ionization dynamics never observed before.In parallel to these time-resolved studies, we have developed several experiments using a new high repetition rate, high mean power Yb fiber laser. We have developed a new method, by extending the PECD, that has allowed us to measure the composition of chiral samples quickly and accurately. Finally, we have developed an ultra-short XUV beamline with very high brightness ($sim 2$ mW). This source, coupled with a photoelectron and photoion coincidence detector, will be used to study chiral recognition mechanisms
Tcherbakoff, Olivier. "Confinement Temporel de la Génération d'Harmoniques d'Ordres Élevés." Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00010739.
Full textBarszczak, Sardinha Anna Luiza. "Coherent imaging of nano-objects with ultra-short X-ray pulses." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLX006/document.
Full textThe use of X-rays is fundamental to obtain a spatial resolution in the order of the dozen of nanometers. The duration of the flashes of radiation is placed between the dozen of femtoseconds (1 fs =10-15 s) to the hundreds of attoseconds (1as=10-18 s). During this time frame nano-objects are static in time, image wise it translates as a precise image. Exciting these nano-objects with flashes of X-ray beams it is possible to follow its temporal evolution and record a "movie" of the evolution due to excitation. This type of information is extremely important since it can allow the identification of intermediary structural states and therefore attaining a better understanding of their reactional power.This type of studies it is making its debut in the scientific community due to the recent development of ultra-fast and intense X-ray sources needed to perform this type of imaging. The referenced source is a free electron laser (FEL) and there are only tree of them in the world nowadays. One in Germany, one in the USA and one in Japan. The small amount of FELs is mainly due to its elevated costs. From some years the LOA has shown that lasers can also provide an X-ray beam in the femtosecond region and intense enough to produce images of nano-objects with equivalent temporal and spatial resolutions.This present thesis was built in tree phases: realization of an X-ray laser source, circularly polarized; realization of a new improved imaging system and testing of the nano-samples possessing nano-structures. These nano-structures have a velocity of evolution after excitation in the range of 100 fs. These studies have had place at LOA, LCLS, Laboratoire de Chimie-Physique, Matière et Rayonnement (LCPMR), the CEA de Saclay, BESSY-II in Germany. These cooperations have insured a specific training and expertise in the world of nanometric imaging based on the new technique developed during this work
De, Grazia Marco. "Applications du rayonnement harmonique à l'interaction UVX-solide : dynamique de relaxation à haute densité d'excitation et endommagement de surface." Paris 11, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA112321.
Full textAlves, Carla. "Studying ultrafast magnetization dynamics through Faraday effect and using linearly polarized high order harmonics." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUS328.
Full textIn this thesis, we demonstrate that a linearly polarized XUV harmonic radiation can be employed in absorption spectroscopy to access the magnetization state of any type of sample, unlike all the techniques developed so far. Indeed, for the first time, time-resolved experiments were realized through the magneto-optical Faraday effect, which we exploit around the magnetically dichroic Co M2,3 absorption edge at 60 eV. The pump-probe technique was used to obtain the dynamic response of the magnetic samples upon laser excitation. The changes in the magnetization of the sample are associated to the changes in the polarization of the probe harmonic beam, i.e. the rotation of the polarization axis and the variation of the ellipticity. The main results of this thesis demonstrate that the measurement of the Faraday effect offers an ultra-sensitive way to characterize the magnetization of very thin films (only a few nm of magnetic materials). Moreover, since the Faraday effect takes place over a wide spectral range, it is possible to follow the simultaneous dynamics of different materials and thus to study very complex materials
Zapata, Abellán Felipe. "Electron dynamics induced by single and multiphoton processes in atoms and molecules." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUS431.
Full textThe present PhD thesis contributes to the development of numerical methods used to reproduce the electron dynamics induced by single and multiphoton processes in atoms and molecules. In the perturbative regime, photoexcitation and photoionization have been studied in atoms with range-separated density-functional theory, in order to take into account the electron-electron interaction effects. Moreover, in the non-perturbative regime, above-threshold ionization and high-harmonic generation spectra have been simulated using different representations for the time-dependent wave function for the purpose of describing the continuum states of the irradiated system. Our studies open the possibility of exploring matter-radiation processes in more complex systems
Quintard, Ludovic. "Caractérisation et contrôle des profils spatiaux, spectraux et temporels de faisceaux XUV obtenus par génération d’harmoniques d’ordres élevés dans des gaz." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BORD0641/document.
Full textWe present our work on the control of high order harmonic generation in gases.We first show how, by generating the harmonics outside the focus of the IR beam,it is possible to control the spatial phase of the harmonics in the generating mediumallowing to obtain a divergent, collimated or convergent wavefront. With this methodwe show that it is possible to focus the harmonics up to six Rayleigh length after thefocal point of the IR beam. Then we study XUV harmonic beams presenting structuredspacio-spectral distributions in the far field. In this study, we observe the influence ofthe diameter of an iris positioned before the focusing of the IR. In a third step we studymethods for controlling the harmonic spectrum. First, we finely control the harmonicscentral wavelength by modifiying the spectral content of the IR by adding two delayedIR pulses. Then we used the collective effects of the high order harmonic generationin order to foster a specific harmonic or a group of harmonics in the far field. Finally,we present a method for characterizing the duration of attosecond pulses in the timedomain. This method, called ionization ladder, uses ionization as a probe to measurepulse duration of up to hundreds of attosecond
Natile, Michele. "High-repetition rate CEP-stable Yb-doped fiber amplifier for high harmonic generation." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLS149.
Full textIn the last two decades, attosecond physics, based on the high harmonic generation (HHG) phenomenon, has allowed a better understanding of ultrafast dynamics in the microcosm. High-energy few-cycles carrier-envelope phase (CEP) stabilized sources are the main enabling tools for this physics. Recently, temporally compressed Ytterbium-doped fiber amplifiers have been successfully used as high XUV photon flux HHG drivers. CEP stabilization of these sources would ensure their full compatibility with attoscience. The thesis is devoted to the CEP stabilization of a high repetition rate Yb-doped fiber femtosecond source, for high XUV photon flux beamline applications. In the first part, we present the architecture of such a source at 100 kHz repetition rate delivering 30 microjoules 96 fs CEP-stable pulses. It constitutes a test bench for future energy-scaled few-cycle sources. The CEP stabilization is ensured in a hybrid architecture including a passively stabilized frontend followed by an actively stabilized power amplifier. A residual CEP noise <400 mrad is measured using various setups, including a shot-to-shot measurement over 1 s and a long-term stability over 1 h. In the second part, we discuss the design of a high flux HHG beamline optimized for a future generation of fiber-based driver at 13 nm for applications to coherent diffraction imaging
Dubrouil, Antoine. "Post compression d'impulsions intenses ultra-brèves et mise en forme spatiale pour la génération d'impulsions attosecondes intenses." Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00669335.
Full textAlexandridi, Christina-Anastasia. "Attosecond spectroscopy : study of the photoionization dynamics of atomic gases close to resonances." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLS571/document.
Full textThe interaction of intense laser pulses with atomic and molecular gases results in exceptionally short bursts of XUV light, through the process of high-order harmonic generation of the fundamental laser frequency. This ultrashort radiation, in the attosecond (10⁻¹⁸ s) range, allows detailed investigations of ultrafast electron dynamics in matter. The work of this thesis consists in studying the photoionization delays close to different types of resonances, using the Rainbow RABBIT technique. This is a two-color interferometric technique (XUV + IR) that allows access to the time required for the electron to escape the atomic potential with high resolution. We are particularly interested in two cases: i) autoionizing resonances which are spectrally narrow (tens of meV) and ii) Cooper-type minima which have a spectral width of some eV. The effect of these continuum structures on the corresponding ionization dynamics is studied
Blaclard, Guillaume. "Ultra-High Intense Laser on Dense Plasmas : from Periodic to Chaotic Dynamics." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASS133.
Full textThe advent of high power femtosecond lasers has paved the way to a promising and still largely unexplored branch of physics called Ultra-High Intensity physics (UHI). Once such a laser is focused on a solid target, the laser intensity I₀ can reach values as large as 10¹⁸⁻²⁰ W.cm⁻², for which matter is fully ionized. The plasma thus formed expands towards vacuum on a spatial scale characterized by a quantity Lg called the density gradient scale length. When Lg << λ₀ (laser wavelength), the dense plasma therefore acts as an optical mirror that specularly reflects the incident light: it is a plasma mirror. This remarkable physical system can be used in many scientific applications as compact source of high-energy and high-charge particle beams (electrons, ions) or bright source of radiations ranging from extreme ultraviolet-rays to X-rays through high harmonic generation processes. In order to finely control these sources, it is required to properly identify the different coupling mechanisms between light and matter at play during the interaction. In this manuscript, this has been made possible by performing accurate Particle-In-Cell (PIC) simulations with the WARP+PXR code. This recently developed code advances Maxwell’s equations in Fourier space, which proves to correctly model harmonic/electron emissions that standard codes fail to accurate describe even at high resolution. Based on WARP+PXR PIC simulations, we investigate the influence of Lg on the experimentally observed emission of light and particles, when a high-power laser pulse (I₀ = 10¹⁹ W.cm⁻²) reflects off a dense plasma. Our study reveals an unambiguous transition from a temporally periodic mechanism to a chaotic process as the interface becomes smoother. In particular, the latter mechanism, named stochastic heating, is fully characterized as well as its domain of validity in terms of laser-plasma parameters. In this regime, electrons in the underdense part of the gradient are exposed to the standing wave formed in front of the overcritical part of the plasma by superposition of incidence and reflected beams. While evolving in the two waves, electrons behave chaotically and absorb an important fraction of the laser energy. The nature of the interaction is revealed by reducing the equations of motion of particles in two waves to physical systems, such Kapitza’s pendulum, well-known to exhibit chaos. That correspondence gives deep physical intuitions on how electrons behave in different laser configurations, which allows us to predict major features of stochastic heating
Berman, Simon. "Classical mechanisms of recollision and high harmonic generation." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0494/document.
Full textThirty years after the demonstration of the production of high laser harmonics through nonlinear laser-gas interaction, high harmonic generation (HHG) is being used to probe molecular dynamics in real time and is realizing its technological potential as a tabletop source of attosecond pulses in the XUV to soft X-ray range. Despite experimental progress, theoretical efforts have been stymied by the excessive computational cost of first-principles simulations and the difficulty of systematically deriving reduced models for the non-perturbative, multiscale interaction of an intense laser pulse with a macroscopic gas of atoms. In this thesis, we investigate first-principles reduced models for HHG using classical mechanics. Using nonlinear dynamics, we elucidate the indispensable role played by the ionic potential during recollisions in the strong-field limit. Then, borrowing a technique from plasma physics, we systematically derive a hierarchy of reduced Hamiltonian models for the self-consistent interaction between the laser and the atoms during pulse propagation. The reduced models can accommodate either classical or quantum electron dynamics. We build a classical model which agrees quantitatively with the quantum model for the propagation of the dominant components of the laser field. In a simplified geometry, we show that the anomalously high frequency radiation seen in simulations results from the delicate interplay between electron trapping and higher energy recollisions brought on by propagation effects
Handschin, Charles. "Spectroscopie EUV résolue temporellement à l'échelle femtoseconde par imagerie de vecteur vitesse et génération d'harmoniques d'ordres élevés." Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00944627.
Full textGoddet, Jean-Philippe. "Etude et développement de sources laser XUV par injection d'harmoniques d'ordre élevé." Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2009. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00503026/en/.
Full textSopena, Moros Arturo. "Etude des effets relativistes en régime d’interaction non-linéaire entre les molécules et les impulsions laser brèves dans les domaines de fréquences XUV et X mous." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021BORD0131.
Full textThe development of intense XUV sources through free-electron lasers (FELs) and high-order harmonic generation (HHG) in the femtosecond (fs) and sub-fs domains provides a unique tool to investigate non-linear ultrafast laser-matter interaction. In the study of the dynamics of molecular photoionization at ultrashort timescales, the Time-Dependent Schrödinger Equation (TDSE) has been crucial for the interpretation of experimental observations. In this thesis, we present results for ab initio calculations of H2 photoionization with UV/X-ray ultrashort laser pulses. We focus on the study of non-linear processes involving two photons and their role in the coupled electron-nuclear dynamics they induce and their study beyond the dipole approximation (DA). Our theoretical approach is based on a spectral method, which requires determining the quantum states of the field-free molecule. These states are calculated in the Born-Oppenheimer approximation employing a configuration interaction scheme together with multichannel scattering theory to determine for the treatment of continuum states, and the Feshbach partitioning formalism to account for autoionization. We resort to a multipolar expansion of the vector potential in the Coulomb gauge, from which we keep the terms corresponding to DA and retardation effects up to O(1/c), to account for the interaction with radiation. Finally, we make use of perturbative and non-perturbative propagation schemes to obtain transition amplitudes from which we can extract cross-sections, photoelectron spectra (PES), and molecular frame angular distributions (MFPADs).In the first part of the results, we demonstrate the coherent control of ionization and dissociation achieved by filtering the higher harmonics in an attosecond pulse train (APT) in an XUV pump-UV probe scheme. By solving the TDSE in DA including electronic and nuclear motion, we are able to extract nuclear and electronic kinetic energy release (KER) spectra to analyze the main ionization pathways as afunction of the delay between pump and probe. We then discuss the effect of harmonic filtering in manipulating one-photon against two-photon ionization yields, dissociative ionization channels, and asymmetries in the MFPADs. In the second part of the results of the thesis, we report the first calculations of Stimulated Raman Scattering (SRS) and Stimulated Compton Scattering (SCS) in H2 with intense X-ray laser fields. These non-linear phenomena consist in the absorption of a photon and the subsequent stimulated emission of a less energetic one leaving the molecule in an excited state (SRS) or effectively ionizing it (SCS). Theoretically, the inclusion of effects beyond DA becomes mandatory. We begin by investigating the relative role of the dipole (A.P) and non-dipole (A2) interaction terms through a perturbative study of the Raman cross-section. The role of the high energy electronic continuum in the partial cancellation of the dipole contribution is also analyzed. We then present results from SRS and SCS calculations using ultra-short pulses in which we compare the relative contribution of the dipole and non-dipole routes as a function of the photon energy. We assert the validity of perturbation theory by directly comparing SRS calculations with results obtained by solving the TDSE. In SCS, the interference between dipole and non-dipole routesproduces asymmetries in the MFPADs, which we analyze. Special attention is givento the effect of molecular orientation.Finally, we study SCS with two colors, focusing on the effect of the angle between the pulse propagation directions. As seen in atoms, non-dipole effects are enhanced for counter-propagating pulses. We also investigate the effect of color separation in energy
Staedter, David. "Femtosecond time-resolved spectroscopy in polyatomic systems investigated by velocity-map imaging and high-order harmonic generation." Toulouse 3, 2013. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/2116/.
Full textRevealing the underlying ultrafast dynamics in molecular reaction spectroscopy demands state-of-the-art imaging techniques to follow a molecular process step by step. Femtosecond time-resolved velocity-map imaging is used to study the photodissociation dynamics of chlorine azide (ClN3). Here especially the co-fragments chlorine and N3 are studied on the femtosecond timescale in two excitation energy regions around 4. 67 eV and 6. 12 eV, leading to the formation of a linear N3 fragment and a cyclic N3 fragment, respectively. This work is the first femtosecond spectroscopy study revealing the formation of cyclic N3. Tetrathiafulvalene (TTF, C6H4S4) electronic relaxation is studied, while scanning the electronic excitation around 4 eV, by time resolved mass and photoelectron spectroscopy. As only few is known about the ion continuum about TTF the imaging photoelectron photoion coincidence (iPEPICO) technique is used in order to disentangle the complex ionic dissociation. The second part of the thesis is based on the generation and application of XUV light pulses by high-order harmonic generation with an intense femtosecond laser pulse in a molecular target. Two types of phase sensitive attosecond spectroscopy experiments were conducted to study the vibrational dynamics of SF6: one using strong field transient grating spectroscopy, where high-order harmonic generation takes place in a grating of excitation, and the second experiment using high-order harmonic interferometry using two intense XUV probe pulses. The temporal dependencies in phase and amplitude reveal the vibrational dynamics in SF6 and demonstrate that high-order harmonic generation is sensitive to the internal excitations. Last but not least, the use of high-order harmonics as a XUV photon source for the velocity-map imaging spectrometer is investigated. Using time-resolved photoelectron imaging, the relaxation dynamics initiated with 15. 5 eV in argon and 9. 3 eV in acetylene are revealed
Ge, Xunyou. "Imagerie ultrarapide à l'échelle nanométrique par diffraction XUV cohérente." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00828058.
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