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Ellero, Nicolas, David Gucik-Derigny, and David Henry. "An unknown input interval observer for LPV systems under L2-gain and L∞-gain criteria." Automatica 103 (May 2019): 294–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.automatica.2019.02.012.
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Gospodarek, Janina, Abrham Endalamew, Matthew Worsdale, and Iwona B. Paśmionka. "Effects of Artemisia dracunculus L. Water Extracts on Selected Pests and Aphid Predator Coccinella septempunctata L." Agronomy 12, no. 4 (March 25, 2022): 788. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12040788.
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The aim of this study was to determine the effects of water extracts of tarragon (Artemisia dracunculus L.) on the feeding intensity, mortality, and weight gain of selected pests, i.e., adult pea leaf weevils (Sitona lineatus L.), nymphs, wingless females of black bean aphids (Aphis fabae Scop.), and L2 and L4 larvae of Colorado potato beetle (Leptinotarsa decemlineata Say). In addition, the effect of the tarragon extracts on the voracity of the non-target organism Coccinella septempunctata L. L3 larvae was examined. To reduce S. lineatus feeding, at least 10% dry matter (DM) extract and 20% fresh matter (FM) should be used. Tarragon water extract has strong aphicidal potential against A. fabae, with 84% mortality of nymphs at 30% FM and 78% mortality of wingless females at 10% DM after 108 h of exposure. Aphid nymphs turned out to be more sensitive to the extracts prepared from fresh tarragon than from its dry matter. They were also more sensitive than wingless females. The body weight gain of L2 and L4 larvae of Colorado potato beetle was significantly reduced through the application of 10% and 5% extracts prepared from dry matters, respectively, while extracts prepared from fresh matter turned out to be ineffective. L2 larvae were more susceptible to extracts than L4 larvae, which suggests that they should be used as early as possible in the pest season. No negative influence of the extracts used on the voraciousness of C. septempunctata L3 larvae was found.
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Zhang, Jie, Lifeng Ma, Yurong Liu, Ming Lyu, Fuad E. Alsaadi, and Yuming Bo. "H∞ and l2−l∞ finite-horizon filtering with randomly occurring gain variations and quantization effects." Applied Mathematics and Computation 298 (April 2017): 171–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.amc.2016.11.014.
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TOADER, Ionel, Aurel SARA, Mihai BENTEA, and Marius CIOLTEA. "Influence of YEA-SACC 1026 Probiotic on Some Production and Consumption Indices in Chicken Broilers." Bulletin of University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca. Animal Science and Biotechnologies 74, no. 1 (May 18, 2017): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/buasvmcn-asb:12289.
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The researches followed the effects of powderYEA-SACC 1026 probiotic on some production and consumption indices in chicken broilers. The researches were effected on 75 meat chickens of Ross-308 hybrid, which were grouped in three lots of 25 capita/lot during 42 days. In the lot L1(E), for 42 days, in the mixed fodder was added YEA-SACC 1026 probiotic in proportion of 0.1% in breeding phase I (1-14 days), of 0.1% in phase II (15-35 days) and 0.1% in phase III (36-42 days). In the lot L2(E), for 42 days, in the mixed fodder was added YEA-SACC 1026 probiotic in proportion of 0.25% in breeding phase I (1-14 days), of 0.25% in phase II (15-35 days) and 0.25% in phase III (36-42 days). The chickens of all lots were weighted at the beginning of experiment and after that weekly being calculated the average body weight, average daily gain, fodder intake and fodder conversion index. The use of y YEA-SACC 1026 probiotic in lot L1(E) determined an increase of body weight with 16.26%, of average daily gain with 15.55% and the fodder conversion index was reduced with 29.16% given to Control Lot L(M). On the second place was situated the lot L2(E), in witch was administered 0.25% of YEA-SACC 1026 probiotic, with an increase of body weight of 8.32%, of average daily gain with 7.54% and the fodder conversion index was reduced with 21.78% given to Control Lot L(M). These superior results, registered in meat chickens from lot L1(E) YEA-SACC 1026 probiotic 0.1% and lot L2(E) YEA-SACC 1026 probiotic 0.25%, confirm the favourable influence of this probiotic on chicken broilers’ performances.
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Reddy, B. Rama Sanjeeva, and D. Vakula. "Compact dual-band truncated patch antenna with fractal defected ground structure for wireless applications." International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies 9, no. 1 (June 1, 2015): 163–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1759078715000987.
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In this paper, a compact, dual-band patch antenna is proposed over Minkowski fractal defected ground structure (DGS) for bandwidth enhancement of global positioning system (GPS) applications. The proposed design combines the truncated dual L-shaped slits cut on diagonal corners of radiating patch and fractal defect on the metallic ground plane. This concept shifts the frequencies to lower bands with improvement in antenna radiation properties. By deploying symmetrical and asymmetrical boundaries to the structure for the fractal DGS on metallic ground plane, improvement in bandwidth and gain are obtained. Compact antenna size is achieved for dual-band GPS frequencies of L1 (1.575 GHz) and L2 (1.227 GHz). The measured results for antenna prototype are (1.2–1.245 GHz): L2 band and (1.51–1.59 GHz): L1 band for 10 dB return loss bandwidth with better pattern radiation. Gain value with and without DGS is observed for compact antenna overall volume of 0.32λ0 × 0.32λ0 × 0.024λ0.
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Chen, Yun, Cong Chen, and Anke Xue. "Distributed non-fragile l2−l∞ filtering over sensor networks with random gain variations and fading measurements." Neurocomputing 338 (April 2019): 154–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neucom.2018.12.008.
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Tan, K., K. M. Grigoriadis, and F. Wu. "H∞ and L2 - to - L∞ gain control of linear parameter-varying systems with parameter-varying delays." IEE Proceedings - Control Theory and Applications 150, no. 5 (September 1, 2003): 509–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/ip-cta:20030708.
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Sang, Yongming, Balaji Ramanathan, Christopher R. Ross, and Frank Blecha. "Gene Silencing and Overexpression of Porcine Peptidoglycan Recognition Protein Long Isoforms: Involvement in β-Defensin-1 Expression." Infection and Immunity 73, no. 11 (November 2005): 7133–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.73.11.7133-7141.2005.
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ABSTRACT Peptidoglycan recognition proteins (PGRPs) are a group of newly identified proteins with emerging functions in mammalian innate immunity. Here we report the identification and characterization of two long isoforms of porcine PGRP. Their complete cDNA sequences encode predicted peptides of 252 and 598 residues and are named pPGRP-L1 and pPGRP-L2, respectively. These porcine isoforms share identical PGRP domains at their C terminus, which are highly conserved with human and mouse orthologs. pPGRP-L1 is expressed constitutively in several tissues, including bone marrow, intestine, liver, spleen, kidney, and skin. pPGRP-L2 is highly expressed in the duodenum and liver, and expression in intestinal tissues is increased by Salmonella infection. In intestinal cells, expression of both pPGRP-L1 and pPGRP-L2 is increased by bacterial infection. Recombinant pPGRP-L1 and pPGRP-L2 have N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanine amidase activity. Loss-of-function and gain-of-function experiments indicate that these two pPGRPs are involved in expression of the antimicrobial peptide β-defensin-1. Silencing of pPGRP-L2 in intestinal cells challenged with Listeria monocytogenes results in downregulation of β-defensin-1. Conversely, overexpression of pPGRP-L1 or pPGRP-L2 dramatically upregulates expression of β-defensin-1. Collectively, these findings suggest that porcine PGRPs are involved in antimicrobial peptide expression.
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Tran, Huyen, Aileen Joy L. Mercado, Terry Weeden, Brenda de Rodas, and Keith D. Haydon. "PSVII-14 Effects of Feeding High Level of Crystalline L-Lysine on Performance of Nursery Pigs." Journal of Animal Science 100, Supplement_2 (April 12, 2022): 177. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skac064.300.
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Abstract A total of 408 weaned pigs (19 d of age; 6.59 kg initial BW) were used in a 3-phase feeding program to evaluate effects of increasing levels of crystalline L- Lysine on performance of nursery pigs. Pigs were blocked by weaning BW and allotted to 44 pens which were assigned to one of 4 dietary treatments (9-10 pigs/pen; 11 pens/treatment), including the control diet supplemented with one of the four L-Lysine levels: 0.3% (L1), 0.5% (L2), 0.6% (L3), or 0.7% (L4). Diets were formulated to be isocaloric and contained 1.40, 1.32, and 1.25% Sid Lys for phase 1, 2, and 3, respectively. L-Val, L-His and L-Arg were included in the L2, L3, and L4 treatments in addition to DL-Met, L-Thr, L-Trp, and L-Ile which were offered in all diets. In Phase 1 (d 0-9), no effects of L-Lys levels on performance were observed (P > 0.10). In Phase 2 (d 9-21), increasing L-Lys from L2 to L4 Lys reduced ADG (Linear, P < 0.001), while L4 also reduced ADFI (Linear, P = 0.01) and feed efficiency (Linear, P < 0.001). In Phase 3 (d 21-42), L3 and L4 significantly improved feed efficiency (Linear, P = 0.001). Overall (d 0-42), feeding L-Lys at L4 tended to reduce ADG (Linear, P < 0.10) and ADFI (Linear, P < 0.10), while feeding L-Lys at L3 improved feed efficiency (Cubic, P < 0.05). Data of this study suggest that responses to high levels of L-Lys are more profound on feed efficiency during phase 2 and 3. Inclusion level of L-Lys at 0.3% is best for gain but 0.6% is the best for optimal feed efficiency. Increasing L-Lys level to 0.7% enhanced feed efficiency in phase 3, but reduced all performance measures in Ph1, 2, and overall.
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Zhang, Li, Mingang Hua, Fengqi Yao, Jianjun Ni, Weili Dai, and Yaling Cheng. "Non-fragile l2−l∞ filtering for nonhomogeneous Markov jump systems with randomly occurring uncertainties and gain variations." Journal of the Franklin Institute 354, no. 16 (November 2017): 7521–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jfranklin.2017.08.045.
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Zhu, Wen-Hong, Erick Dupuis, and Michel Doyon. "Adaptive Control of Harmonic Drives." Journal of Dynamic Systems, Measurement, and Control 129, no. 2 (August 11, 2006): 182–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2431813.
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Aimed at achieving ultrahigh control performance for high-end applications of harmonic drives, an adaptive control algorithm using additional sensing, namely, the joint and motor positions and the joint torque, and their practically available time derivatives, is proposed. The proposed adaptive controller compensates the large friction associated with harmonic drives, while incorporating the dynamics of flexspline. The L2∕L∞ stability and the L2 gain-induced H∞ stability are guaranteed in both joint torque and joint position control modes. Conditions for achieving asymptotic stability are also given. The proposed joint controller can be efficiently incorporated into any robot motion control system based on either its torque control interface or the virtual decomposition control approach. Experimental results demonstrated in both the time and frequency domains confirm the superior control performance achieved not only in individual joint motion, but also in coordinated motion of an entire robot manipulator.
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Hu, Xiaohui, Jianwei Xia, Xiangyong Chen, Xia Huang, and Hao Shen. "Non-fragile l2-l∞ synchronization for switched inertial neural networks with random gain fluctuations: A persistent dwell-time switching law." Neurocomputing 403 (August 2020): 193–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neucom.2020.03.112.
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Ngah, Patrick Freddy Bouli Osoe, Ornella Sokeng Kana, Arnaud Blaise Touko Hako, Nihi Housseini, Denis Koutou Koulagna, Lucien Dieudonne Bitom, Gregoire Messi Amougou, and Pierre Gado Babio. "Evaluation Technico-financière de l’embouche bovine en zone forestière au Cameroun." International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences 18, no. 2 (July 26, 2024): 571–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ijbcs.v18i2.19.
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Du 23 novembre 2021 au 23 février 2022, une étude expérimentale d’embouche s’est déroulée au sein de l’Ecole Pratique de Binguela (EPAB) dans la Région du Centre au Cameroun. 40 taureaux de race Goudali de 2 à 3 ans ont été répartis en Lot témoin L0 (10 sujets) et lots expérimentaux (L1 et L2 de 15 sujets). Trois rations constituées uniquement de Pennisetum purpureum pour le lot L0, de Pennisetum et d’une supplémentation sans son de blé pour le lot L1 et avec son de blé pour le lot L2 ont été distribuées aux sujets pendant 90 jours. A l’issue de l’expérimentation, un Gain de poids moyen de 74,94±13,11 kg, 102,17±18,49 kg et 116,03±17,66 kg pour un Indice de consommation 21,99±25,09 ; 9,60±5,35 et 8,04±3,38 ont été obtenus pour L0, L1 et L3.Sur le plan financier, la réalisation de l’embouche a nécessité la mobilisation de 546483,33±83123,24 FCFA ; 1436620,83±318522,40 FCFA ; 1490620,83±338776,76 FCFA respectivement pour L, L1 et L2 et permis dans le même ordre de générer une marge bénéficiaire par animal de 71812,96±6594,69 FCFA, 109651,94±18 057,62 FCFA et 108998,61±19629,58 FCFA. Une différence significative (p<0,05) a été observée pour les paramètres zootechniques et financiers entre les lots expérimentaux et le Lot témoin, ce dernier ayant une meilleure rentabilité. English title: Technical and financial evaluation of cattle fattening in forest area in Cameroon From November 23, 2021 to February 23, 2022, an experimental fattening study took place at the Binguela Practical School (EPAB) in the Center Region of Cameroon. 40 Goudali bulls aged of 2 to 3 years were divided into control batch L0 (10 subjects) and experimental batches (L1 and L2 of 15 subjects). Three rations consisting only of Pennisetum purpureum for batch L0, Pennisetum and supplementation without wheat bran for batch L1 and with wheat bran for batch L2 were distributed to the subjects for 90 days. At the end of the experiment, an average weight gain of 74.94±13.11 kg, 102.17±18.49 kg and 116.03±17.66k g for a consumption index of 21.99±25.09; 9.60±5.35 and 8.04±3.38 were obtained respectively for L0, L1 and L3. Financially, carrying out the fattening required the mobilization of 546 483.33±83 123.24 FCFA; 1 436 620.83±318 522.40 FCFA; 1 490 620.83±338 776.76 FCFA respectively for L0, L1 and L2. The activity generated a profit margin per animal of 71 812.96±6 594.69 FCFA, 109 651.94±18 057.62 FCFA and 108 998.61±19 629.58 FCFA. A significant difference (p<0.05) was observed for all the zootechnical and financial parameters between the experimental batches and the control batch, the latter having better profitability.
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Roy, N., H. Lapierre, and J. F. Bernier. "Whole-body protein metabolism and plasma profiles of amino acids and hormones in growing barrows fed diets adequate or deficient in lysine." Canadian Journal of Animal Science 80, no. 4 (December 1, 2000): 585–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/a98-057.
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Eighteen growing barrows (body weight: 26.6 ± 1.4 kg) were assigned (day 0) to one of three levels of dietary lysine: to be deficient (0.45%; L1), to achieve (0.75%; L2), or to exceed (0.98%; L3) National Research Council (NRC) (1988) lysine requirements (as-fed basis), according to a completely randomized block design. Nitrogen balance was measured over a 6-d period (days 10 to 16). On day 16, pigs were moved into respiratory chambers and received a 6-h continuous i.v. infusion of NaH13CO3 (1.66 µmol h−1 kg−1, preceded by a priming dose of 2.35 µmol kg−1) on day 17. The following day, pigs received an i.v. infusion of L-[1-13C]leucine (11.07 µmol h−1 kg−1, preceded by a priming dose of 11.07 µmol kg−1). Average daily gain and nitrogen retention increased (P < 0.10) by 36 and 20%, respectively, as dietary lysine content increased from L1 to L3. Leucine irreversible loss rate increased (P < 0.05) by 14% from diets L1 to L3, while leucine oxidation remained constant (P > 0.10) between diets. In consequence, fractional oxidation decreased (P < 0.05) by 20%, from L1 to L3. Protein synthesis and degradation increased (P < 0.05) from diets L1 to L2, but the values for the diets L2 and L3 were similar. Insulin levels tended to increase from L1 to L3 (P < 0.10), while that of triiodothyronine decreased from diets L1 to L3 (P < 0.05). Daily feed intake, nutrient digestibility, energy metabolism and plasma concentrations of insulin-like growth factor 1 and growth hormone were not affected (P > 0.10) by treatments. In conclusion, the improvement in protein gain associated with increasing lysine supplementation to achieve lysine requirement involved a general stimulation of whole-body turnover, protein synthesis being increased to a larger extent than protein degradation. Key words: Pigs, protein, metabolism, hormone, lysine, leucine
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Fernandes, Carolina Di Pietro, Arnildo Pott, Priscila Aiko Hiane, Valter Aragão do Nascimento, Wander Fernando de Oliveira Filiú, Lincoln Carlos Silva de Oliveira, Eliana Janet Sanjinez-Argandoña, et al. "Comparative Analysis of Grape Seed Oil, Linseed Oil, and a Blend: In Vivo Effects of Supplementation." Foods 13, no. 14 (July 20, 2024): 2283. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods13142283.
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Grape seeds are rich in bioactive substances, including polyphenols, terpenoids, and phytosterols. Linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) boasts a high concentration of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), lignans, phytoestrogens, and soluble fibers, all contributing to its therapeutic potential. In this study, we pioneered the formulation of an oil blend (GL) combining grape seed oil (G) and golden linseed oil (GL) in equal volumes (1:1 (v/v)) and we evaluated in terms of the nutritional, physical, and chemical properties and their influence in an in vivo experimental model. We analyzed the oils by performing physical–chemical analyses, examining the oxidative stability using Rancimat; conducting thermal analyses via thermogravimetry/derivative thermogravimetry (TG/DTG) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), performing optical UV–vis absorption analyses; examining the fluorescence emission–excitation matrix, total carotenoids, and color, and conducting metabolic assessments in an in vivo experimental trial. The fatty acid profile presented a higher fraction of linoleic acid (C18:2) in G and GL and alpha-linolenic acid (C18:3) in L. The acidity and peroxide indices were within the recommended ranges. The TG/DTG, DSC, and Rancimat analyses revealed similar behaviors, and the optical analyses revealed color variations caused by carotenoid contents in L and GL. In the in vivo trial, G (G2: 2000 mg/kg/day) promoted lower total consumption, and the blend (GL: 2000 mg/kg/day) group exhibited less weight gain per gram of consumed food. The group with G supplementation (G2: 2000 mg/kg/day) and GL had the highest levels of HDL-c. The group with L supplementation (L2: 2000 mg/kg/day) had the lowest total cholesterol level. The L2, G1 (1000 mg/kg/day), and G2 groups exhibited the lowest MCP-1 and TNF-α values. Additionally, the lowest adipocyte areas occurred in G and GL. Our results suggest that this combination is of high quality for consumption and can influence lipid profiles, markers of inflammation, and antioxidant status.
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Papilaya, Bercomien Juliet, and Rajab Rajab. "Pertumbuhan Beberapa Galur Ayam Lokal Fase Starter Yang Dipelihara Pada Kandang Slat Dan Litter." Jurnal Ilmiah Fillia Cendekia 8, no. 2 (November 6, 2023): 123. http://dx.doi.org/10.32503/fillia.v8i2.4065.
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Animals with genetic abilities along with the environment will express different phenotypes (P = G + L + GL). The research was conducted for 1 month in the Amahusu people's livestock business, Ambon City. The livestock used were the starter phase, totaling 72 heads aged 3 weeks with an average initial weight of 80 grams. Tools used: digital scales, places to eat, drink, cages, hygrometer, thermometer. Cages used: 12 floors of slat and 12 floors of litter measuring 50 x 50 M, drinking water, litter (wood pulp), commercial feed. The research method is an experimental method using a completely randomized design (CRD) factorial pattern (3x2x4). Factor G is a strain consisting of 3 levels: 1. G1 = Arabic chicken, 2. G2 = Super chicken, 3. G3 = Free-range chicken, with female sex Factor L is the type of cage which consists of 2 levels, namely: 1. L1 = slat floor; 2. L2 = litter floor. Animal feed consumption had a significant effect on floor type (P<0.05) and lines had a very significant effect (P<0.01), drinking water consumption, body weight gain and feed conversion did not have a significant effect on chicken growth. village. There was no effect of strain interaction with floor type, but the average feed consumption results showed the highest interaction was in G1L2 and the lowest score was in G3L2, while the average PBB of lines with floor type showed the highest interaction in G2L1 of 74.87 while the lowest G3L2 was 58.75 grams. The highest body weight gain on the slat floor was an average of 70.20 grams per head/week, for the super lines was 72.56 grams while efficient feed conversion was 4.48 and 4.48 litter floors. super strain 3.8 gram.
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Vankadara, Ramkumar, Nirvikar Dashora, Sampad Kumar Panda, and Jyothi Ravi Kiran Kumar Dabbakuti. "A Comparative Analysis of the Effect of Orbital Geometry and Signal Frequency on the Ionospheric Scintillations over a Low Latitude Indian Station: First Results from the 25th Solar Cycle." Remote Sensing 16, no. 10 (May 10, 2024): 1698. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs16101698.
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The equatorial post-sunset ionospheric irregularities induce rapid fluctuations in the phase and amplitude of global navigation satellite system (GNSS) signals which may lead to the loss of lock and can potentially degrade the position accuracy. This study presents a new analysis of L-band scintillation from a low latitude station at Guntur (Geographic 16.44°N, 80.62°E, dip 22.18°), India, for the period of 18 months from August 2021 to January 2023. The observations are categorized either in the medium Earth-orbiting (MEO) or geosynchronous orbiting (GSO) satellites (GSO is considered as a set of the geostationary and inclined geosynchronous satellites) for L1, L2, and L5 signals. The results show a higher occurrence of moderate (0.5 < S4 ≤ 0.8) and strong (S4 > 0.8) scintillations on different signals from the MEO compared to the GSO satellites. Statistically, the average of peak S4 values provides a higher confidence in the severity of scintillations on a given night, which is found to be in-line with the scintillation occurrences. The percentage occurrence of scintillation-affected satellites is found to be higher on L1 compared to other signals, wherein a contrasting higher percentage of affected satellites over GSO than MEO is observed. While a clear demarcation between the L2/L5 signals and L1 is found over the MEO, in the case of GSO, the CCDF over L5 is found to match mostly with the L1 signal. This could possibly originate from the space diversity gain effect known to impact the closely spaced geostationary satellite links. Another major difference of higher slopes and less scatter of S4 values corresponding to L1 versus L2/L5 from the GSO satellite is found compared to mostly non-linear highly scattered relations from the MEO. The distribution of the percentage of scintillation-affected satellites on L1 shows a close match between MEO and GSO in a total number of minutes up to ~60%. However, such a number of minutes corresponding to higher than 60% is found to be larger for GSO. Thus, the results indicate the possibility of homogeneous spatial patterns in a scintillation distribution over a low latitude site, which could originate from the closely spaced GSO links and highlight the role of the number of available satellites with the geometry of the links, being the deciding factors. This helps the ionospheric community to develop inter-GNSS (MEO and GSO) operability models for achieving highly accurate positioning solutions during adverse ionospheric weather conditions.
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Fîciu, Ionuţ-Dorinel, Jacob Benesty, Laura-Maria Dogariu, Constantin Paleologu, and Silviu Ciochină. "Efficient Algorithms for Linear System Identification with Particular Symmetric Filters." Applied Sciences 12, no. 9 (April 23, 2022): 4263. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12094263.
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In linear system identification problems, it is important to reveal and exploit any specific intrinsic characteristic of the impulse responses, in order to improve the overall performance, especially in terms of the accuracy and complexity of the solution. In this paper, we focus on the nearest Kronecker product decomposition of the impulse responses, together with low-rank approximations. Such an approach is suitable for the identification of a wide range of real-world systems. Most importantly, we reformulate the system identification problem by using a particular symmetric filter within the development, which allows us to efficiently design two (iterative/recursive) algorithms. First, an iterative Wiener filter is proposed, with improved performance as compared to the conventional Wiener filter, especially in challenging conditions (e.g., small amount of available data and/or noisy environments). Second, an even more practical solution is developed, in the form of a recursive least-squares adaptive algorithm, which could represent an appealing choice in real-time applications. Overall, based on the proposed approach, a system identification problem that can be conventionally solved by using a system of L=L1L2 equations (with L unknown parameters) is reformulated as a combination of two systems of PL1 and PL2 equations, respectively, where usually P≪L2 (i.e., a total of PL1+PL2 parameters). This could lead to important advantages, in terms of both performance and complexity. Simulation results are provided in the framework of network and acoustic echo cancellation, supporting the performance gain and the practical features of the proposed algorithms.
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Megasari, Ria, Yulan Ismail, M Darmawan, and Muh. Iqbal Ardha. "Pengaruh Pupuk Organik dan Pemberian Pakan Terhadap Produksi Padi dan Ikan Pada Sistem Minapadi." Perbal: Jurnal Pertanian Berkelanjutan 12, no. 2 (July 15, 2024): 191–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.30605/perbal.v12i2.3716.
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Minapadi merupakan sistem budidaya yang memadukan tanaman padi dan ikan di sawah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian pupuk organik dan pakan terhadap produksi padi dan ikan pada sistem minapadi. Penelitian ini menggunakan RAK faktorial dua faktor. Faktor pertama adalah perlakuan pupuk organik (P) dengan 4 taraf yaitu: P0 (kontrol), P1 (pupuk kandang sapi), P2 (pupuk kandang ayam), P3 (pupuk kompos). Faktor kedua adalah interval pemberian pakan (L) dengan 3 taraf yaitu: L1 (2 hari sekali), L2 (1 kali sehari) dan L3 (2 kali sehari). Data penelitian dianalisis menggunakan analis ragam dan apabila terdapat hasil yang berbeda nyata makan dilakukan uji lanjut BNT (Beda Nyata Terkecil). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa (1) Interaksi antara pupuk organik dan interval pakan tidak berpengaruh terhadap produksi padi dan ikan pada sistem minapadi. (2) Pupuk organik berpengaruh terhadap tinggi tanaman umur 90 HST (90,72 cm), jumlah anakan (17,85 anakan), jumlah malai (16,87 malai), jumlah bulir berisi/malai (101,96 bulir), produksi padi (1,73 ton.ha-1). (3) Interval pemberian pakan berpengaruh terhadap berat total (51,16 gr) dan pertambahan berat (20,32 gr) ikan pada sistem minapadi. (4) Analisis usahatani memperlihatkan bahwa R/C Ratio sebesar 2,56 dan B/C Ratio sebesar 1,56 sehingga usahatani ini layak untuk diusahakan. Minapadi is a cultivation system that combines rice plants and fish in rice fields. This research aims to determine the effect of providing organic fertilizer and feed on rice and fish production in the Minapadi system. This research uses a two-factor factorial RAK. The first factor is organic fertilizer (P) treatment with 4 levels, namely: P0 (control), P1 (cow manure), P2 (chicken manure), P3 (compost manure). The second factor is the feeding interval (L) with 3 levels, namely: L1 (every 2 days), L2 (1 time a day) and L3 (2 times a day). The research data was analyzed using analysis of variance and if there were significantly different results, a further Fisher’s (Least Significant Difference) was carried out. The research results show that (1) The interaction between organic fertilizer and feeding intervals has no effect on rice and fish production in the Minapadi system. (2) Organic fertilizers influence plant height at 90 HST (90.72 cm), number of tillers (17.85 tillers), number of panicles (16.87 panicles), number of filled spikelets/panicles (101.96 spikes), production rice (1.73 tons.ha-1). (3) Feeding intervals affect the total weight (51.16 gr) and weight gain (20.32 gr) of fish in the minapadi system. (4) Farming analysis shows that the R/C Ratio is 2.56 and the B/C Ratio is 1.56, so this farming is worth running.
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Li, Yue, Chong Li, Ya Jiang, Xue Han, Sisi Liu, Xiuxiu Xu, Wanxiangfu Tang, et al. "Correlation of PD-L1 Expression with Clinicopathological and Genomic Features in Chinese Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer." Journal of Oncology 2022 (April 11, 2022): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/1763778.
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Programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 (PD-L1) has been approved as predictive biomarker for non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients treated with PD-(L)1 blockade therapy. The clinical/genomic features associated with PD-L1 are not well studied. Genomic profiling of tumor biopsies from 883 Chinese NSCLC patients was performed by targeted next-generation sequencing. Immunohistochemical analysis was conducted to evaluate PD-L1 expression levels using antibodies Dako 22C3 and 28-8, respectively. Our study showed distinct correlation between PD-L1 expression and clinical/genomic characteristics when using different PD-L1 antibodies and in different histological subtypes including adenocarcinoma (ADC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), respectively. PD-L1 high expression (22C3) was associated with male and lymph node metastasis only in ADC patients. Furthermore, mutations of TP53 and KRAS, KIF5B-RET fusion, copy number gains of PD-L1 and PD-L2, and arm-level amplifications of chr.12p were significantly associated with PD-L1 positive status in ADC patients. For SCC patients, the gain of EGFR and MDM2 and loss of PTPRD were negatively associated with PD-L1 expression. We also compared our results with other studies and found conflicting results presumably because of the multiplicity of antibody clones and platforms, the difference of cutoffs for assigning PD-L1 expression levels, and the variation in study populations. Our study can help to understand the utility and validity of PD-L1 as biomarker of response to immune checkpoint inhibitors.
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Pine, A. P., N. S. Jessop, and J. D. Oldham. "Maternal protein reserves and their influence on lactational performance in rats." British Journal of Nutrition 71, no. 1 (January 1994): 13–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/bjn19940107.
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To determine the contribution of tissue protein reserves to lactational performance, multiparous female Sprague-Dawley rats were mated, caged individually and offered a diet high in protein (215 g crude protein (N × 6·25; CP)/kg dry matter (DM);H) ad lib. until day 12 of gestation. Subsequently half the rats continued to receive diet H while the remainder were offered a diet low in protein (65 g CP/kg DM;L) until parturition. This treatment aimed to produce a difference in carcass protein at parturition. On day 1 of lactation females were allocated to either diet H or a low-protein diet (90 g CP/kg DM; L2) offered until day 13 of lactation, giving four lactation treatment groups HH, HL2, LH and LL2. Groups of females were slaughtered on days 2 and 12 of gestation and days 1 and 13 of lactation and carcass and major organs were analysed. Weight gain of standardized litters was used as an indicator of lactational performance. Maternal carcass protein contents at parturition were 43·5 (SE 1·2) and 38·7 (SE 0·8) g (P < 0·01) for diets H and L respectively. During lactation there was little change in carcass protein content of HH rats while LH rats appeared to replenish their depleted reserves. Food intake or lactational performance did not differ between these two groups. HL2 and LL2 rats lost carcass protein with HL2 rats losing more than LL2 rats (P < 0·05). Intake and lactational performance were reduced compared with that on diet H (P < 0.05) but for the first 6 d of lactation were both greater (P < 0·05) for diet HL2 than for diet LL2. All four groups showed a considerable loss of body fat during lactation which was not affected by diet. The ability of HL2 rats to catabolize more protein and consume more food allowed them to sustain a greater lactationai performance. Previous maternal protein depletion had no influence on lactationai performance as long as an adequate supply of dietary protein was provided.
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Liang, Feng, Sisi Liu, Ya Jiang, Xiuxiu Xu, Qiuxiang Ou, Hua Bao, Xue Wu, Yang Shao, and Xingsheng Hu. "Genomic correlates and classification of PD-L1 status in non-small cell lung cancer." Journal of Clinical Oncology 38, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2020): e21578-e21578. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2020.38.15_suppl.e21578.
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e21578 Background: Programmed cell death 1 (PD-L1) is the first FDA-approved predictive biomarker for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients treated with PD-(L)1 blockade therapy. Herein, we aim to identify potential anti-PD-L1 treatment-related biomarkers through evaluating the correlation between the PD-L1 expression level, clinical characteristics, and the mutational profile of a large Chinese NSCLC cohort. Methods: Genomic profiling of tumor biopsies from a total of 808 Chinese NSCLC patients, including 651 adenocarcinomas (ADCs) and 157 squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs), was performed using next-generation sequencing by targeting 425 cancer-relevant genes. Immunohistochemical analysis was used to evaluate PD-L1 protein expression using PD-L1 antibodies including DAKO 22C3 ( N= 695) and DAKO 28-8 ( N= 113), respectively. Results: The PD-L1 positive ( > 1%) rate was 49.2% in ADCs and 52.9% in SCCs, respectively. PD-L1 expression (22C3) was associated with the male gender( p< 0.01) and lymph node metastasis ( p= 0.048) in ADCs but not in SCC patients. PD-L1 expression (22C3) was inversely correlated with KRAS wildtype ( p< 0.001) and EGFR exon 19 deletion( p< 0.01) in ADC, while it was negatively associated with TP53 oncogenic mutations ( p= 0.049) in SCC. Copy number variation analysis revealed that MDM2 amplification ( p= 0.027), 1q gain ( p= 0.012), and 5q deletion ( p< 0.01) negatively correlated with PD-L1 expression, whereas PD-L1 and PD-L2 amplification ( p< 0.001 and p< 0.0001) were positively associated with PD-L1 expression in ADCs. In SCCs, PD-L1 expression (22C3) was negatively associated with copy number gain in EGFR ( p= 0.040), MDM2 ( p= 0.044), 14q ( p= 0.032), and 20q ( p= 0.026), along with PTPRD loss (p = 0.015) and 19p deletion (p = 0.025). However, it was positively associated with 9p amplification ( p< 0.01) and 13q deletion ( p= 0.019). Plus, KIF5B- RET ( p= 0.006) appeared to be inversely related to the PD-L1 expression levels (22C3) in ADCs alone. In addition, these predicted biomarkers were used to delineate the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) calculation to discriminate between PD-L1 low and high (22C3, 50%) with an AUC score of 0.779. Lastly, PD-L1 expression (28-8) did not show significant correlation with any detected oncogenic mutations, but negatively correlated with NKX2-1 gain ( p= 0.0379) and 9q deletion ( p= 0.0379) in ADCs. Conclusions: This study revealed the correlation between PD-L1 protein expression, clinical features, and mutational traits in NSCLC patients, and provided a classifier for PD-L1 expression prediction.
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Moningkey, Sonny A. E., Ronny A. V. Tuturoong, Ingriet D. R. Lumenta, and Stevy P. Pangemanan. "EVALUASI NILAI NUTRISI SORGUM TERFERMENTASI Cellulomonas Sp DALAM PAKAN KOMPLIT TERNAK KELINCI." Jambura Journal of Animal Science 5, no. 1 (November 21, 2022): 54–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.35900/jjas.v5i1.16484.
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This study aims to obtain the best ration using fermented sorghum Cellulomonas Sp in complete feed through performance parameters of rabbit production. This research was carried out in 2 stages namely; 1) Sorghum fermentation test experiment using Cellulomonas Sp with determination of the best incubation time. 2) Research on biological test of treated feed (best results of phase 1) research formulated in a complete feed mixture for rabbits. The first phase of the study used an experimental method with a completely randomized design (CRD) with 4 treatments which was repeated 5 times. Treatment of incubation time (L) at room temperature was 4 levels, namely L1 = 7 days, L2 = 14 days, L3 = 21 days and L4 = 28 days. The observed variables were protein and crude fiber content. The second phase of the study used an experimental method with a randomized block design (RAK) based on the initial body weight of rabbits. The treatment feed consisted of 5 levels which were repeated in 3 body weight groups, each experimental unit filled with 2 male rabbits so that the number of rabbits used was 30. The treatment given was the level of use of sorghum in a complete feed ration made in pellet form with the following arrangement: R0 = Ration without using sorghum; R1 = Ration using 10% fermented sorghum Cellulomonas Sp; R2 = Ration using 20% fermented sorghum Cellulomonas Sp; R3 = ration using 30% fermented sorghum Cellulomonas Sp and R4 = ration using 40% fermented sorghum Cellulomonas Sp. The observed variables were feed consumption, body weight gain and feed conversion. The results of the Phase I study showed that the average protein content incubated at 7, 14, 21 and 28 days, respectively, was 7.23%, 7.50%, 8.77% and 8.80%, while the average fiber content was crude oil is 14.46%, 12.33%, 11.22% and 10.64%. Fermentation plays an important role in the process of increasing protein and decreasing crude fiber, because in the fermentation process there are microbes that can remodel the substrate. In the second stage of the study, it was seen that the highest ration consumption was found in the R3 treatment, which was 59.70 g/head/day, as well as the highest body weight gain was found in the R3 treatment, which was 15.91 g/head/day. The R3 treatment also showed the lowest conversion value of 3.75 compared to other treatments in this study. This shows that the R3 treatment is more efficient than the other treatments. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that the administration of 30% fermented sorghum Cellulomonas sp in a complete feed mixture showed the best results in terms of consumption parameters, body weight gain and feed conversion
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Prochazka, Vit, Tomas Papajik, Patrik Flodr, Pavla Latalova, Zuzana Prouzova, Radka Nedomova, Marie Jarosova, Vladimir Divoky, and Karel Indrak. "Programmed Death-1 Ligand Is Uniformly Expressed On Primary Mediastinal Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma Cells with No Influence On Patient Survival." Blood 120, no. 21 (November 16, 2012): 2671. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v120.21.2671.2671.
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Abstract Abstract 2671 Introduction: Primary mediastinal diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (PMBCL) is an uncommon disease with an aggressive clinical course and potential curability. Growing evidence suggests that host antitumor immunity suppression may play a role in resistant cases. The most studied candidate molecules are ligands PD-L1 (CD 274) and PD-L2 (CD 273) expressed by lymphoma cells, which effectively suppress host T cells. The PD ligand genes are located on chromosome 9p24.1 close to Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) gene. The clinical impact of PD-L1/PD-L2 protein expression has not been described in PMBCL. Methods: Tumor samples of 27 previously untreated patients were analyzed. Clinical characteristics were as follows: median age at diagnosis 35 years (20–74), female-to-male ratio 1.7:1, most patients (70%) had limited mediastinal disease and a mean tumor diameter of 10.7 cm. The IPI and aaIPI scores were low in 67% and 37%, intermediate-low in 26% and 41% and intermediate-high in 7% and 22%, respectively. No patients were assigned to a high risk group. All patients were treated with anthracycline-based chemotherapy 15% with CHOP and 85% with third-generation intensive regimen. Therapy was intensified in 70% of the cases with high-dose therapy and autologous stem cell transplantation. Most of the patients (70%) received rituximab and 15% were also treated with IF radiotherapy. Formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tissues were processed in routine tissue sections (approx. 5 micrometers) and placed on plus slides. After antigen retrieval with the use of the enzymatic or microwave oven processes, indirect immunohistochemistry with commercially available primary antibodies in optimized dilution was performed: CD20 clone L27, CD23 clone 1B12, CD30 clone Ber-H2, CD10 clone G27-P, Bcl-2 clone 100, Bcl-6 clone PGB6p, MUM1/IRF4 clone MUM1p, CD274 polyclonal, CD273 polyclonal, and HLADR clone TAL.1B5. For visualization, a secondary antibody with the standard avidin-biotin (ABC) method was applied. Results were expressed as a percentage of positive tumor cells and H-score (product of percentage of positive cells and staining intensity). Cytogenetic analysis with a locus-specific FISH probe (9p24) and arrayCGH was carried out in 15 (56%) of the patients. Results: Final treatment response was assessed in 26 (96%) patients (1 patient did not passed restaging procedures yet), CR was achieved in 22 (85%), PR in three and one patient progressed. After a median follow-up of 73 months (6.1 yrs), 22/26 (84%) patients are alive in the 1st CR, and only three patients died. Five-year PFS was 82.6% (95% CI 0.67–0.98) and five-year overall survival was 90.9% (95% CI 0.79–1.00). All samples expressed PD-L2 in (a median of) 80% of tumor cells with a median H-score of 90. PD-L2 protein expression was very low - six cases were negative and in positive cases, median expression was only 5% (H-score 5). HLA-DR expression was detected in all cases with a median positivity of 70% (H-score 140). Cytogenetic analysis detected amplification of 9p24.1 in 8/15 (53%) of the cases. When analyzing clinical characteristics, only correlation of high HLA-DR expression with limited clinical stage (p=0.04) and low IPI (p<0.01) was found. There was no correlation between treatment response quality and HLA-DR or PD-L2 expression, but high PD-L1 expression (above the median) correlated with non-CR status after treatment (p=0.07). Due to a low number of relapses, there was no relationship between protein expression and survival. No difference was found between cases with or without JAK-2 copy gain in terms of PD-1L expression (71% vs. 73%, p=0.92) or PD-L1 H-score (80 vs. 73, p=0.55); expression of PD-2L was higher (4% vs. 9%, p=0.19) in cases with JAK-2 amplification. Conclusion: Frontline intensive therapy is very effective in PMBCL patients. This is why no clear prognostic impact of protein expression of PD ligands or HLA expression was observed. There was constant high PD-L1 protein expression in PMBCL, low PD-2L expression and a high proportion of cases with JAK-2 gene amplification. Preliminary data show relationship between tumor immunogenicity (HLA-DR expression) and lymphoma aggressiveness. High PD-1L protein expression may probably influence treatment response quality. Further analyses are needed to clarify correlation between 9p24.1 amplification and PD-L protein expression. Supported by grants: MZ ÈR IGA NT 11103, LF-2012-007 and MSM 6198959205. Disclosures: Prochazka: Roche: Travel grants Other.
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Van de Meeberg, M., M. Lin, M. Seinen, H. Fidder, B. Oldenburg, G. Bouma, R. de Jonge, and M. Bulatović Ćalasan. "P312 Erythrocyte methotrexate polyglutamate concentrations in patients with Crohn’s Disease: towards a new therapeutic drug monitoring tool." Journal of Crohn's and Colitis 15, Supplement_1 (May 1, 2021): S339. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjab076.436.
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Abstract Background Methotrexate (MTX) is an immunomodulatory drug for patients with Crohn’s Disease (CD), used as first-line therapy, as a second-line in case of failure to thiopurine, and concomitantly with anti-TNFα agents to decrease production of anti-drug antibodies. Nevertheless, MTX is underutilised in the treatment of CD, despite its proven efficacy and good safety profile. This is for a large part due to the lack of therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) of MTX because no stable plasma MTX levels are reached. Intracellular MTX-polyglutamates (MTX-PGs), formed after folylpolyglutamate synthetase attaches glutamate residues to MTX, could be used as a TDM tool as MTX-PG is thought to mediate MTX’s efficacy. We present the results of our cross-sectional study in CD patients, aiming to gain insight into erythrocyte MTX-PG levels. Methods CD adults on MTX treatment who visited the outpatient clinic of Amsterdam UMC between May 2019 and February 2020 were included consecutively. An established LC-ESI-MS/MS method1 was used to measure erythrocyte MTX-PGs. Results Nineteen patients were included. Mean disease duration was 17 years (SD±13.7). Montreal disease location and behaviour were as follows (n=): L1 = 2, L2 = 4, L3 = 13; B1 = 11, B2 = 5, B3 = 3. Only 4 patients had a flare according to Physician Global Assessment. Twelve patients received MTX monotherapy, whereas 7 patients were on concomitant anti-TNFα agents. The mean dose of MTX was 15.5 mg (SD±2.8) and 12 (63%) patients had subcutaneous (sc.) MTX. We successfully measured MTX-PG2-5 in 18 patients, showing substantial variability in measured concentrations of total MTX-PG(tot) and the individual species. The median MTX-PGtot was 117.1 nmol/L [min:46.4-max:358.7] with preferential accumulation of MTX-PG3 (43.1 [15.3-96.1]); the least predominant species being MTX-PG5 (9.4 [1.1-24.1]). Patients on sc. compared to oral MTX had higher MTX-PGtot levels (177.8 [58.8-358.7] vs. 93.2 [46.4-120.8] nmol/L, p=0.067) and significantly higher long-chain MTX-PG4-5 levels (55 [3.7-84.3] vs. 8.9 [2.4-15.0] nmol/L, p=0.010); see figure. Conclusion We showed that erythrocyte MTX-PGs can be measured in CD patients by tandem MS. Large variability in concentrations was demonstrated, similar to our previously published results in rheumatoid and juvenile arthritis2,3 which is a pre-requisite for MTX-PG use as a TDM tool. We showed for the first time that MTX-PG accumulation was higher in sc. MTX vs. oral MTX treatment. This work provides the first step towards establishing TDM for MTX in CD, a goal we aim to realize in our upcoming longitudinal study. References
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Wang, Ge Si, Zhi Gang Yu, and Shen Min Song. "Adaptive Neural Network L2-Gain Control for Unmodeled Dynamics Nonlinear System." Key Engineering Materials 419-420 (October 2009): 561–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.419-420.561.
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A new control scheme is proposed for the nonlinear system with unmodeled dynamics based on HJI and adaptive neural network L2-gain controller. The aim is to make the closed-loop system a finite gain L2 stable between the disturbance and output of the system. The approach will avoid the limit of precise modelling, only need the unmodeled dynamics to be bounded without the other transcendent information. The simulation results show that the control system designed can satisfy the performance indicators proposed.
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Carey, Christopher Daniel, Courtney Connelly, Evisa Gjini, Margaretha GM Roemer, Edward Stack, Stephen Hodi, Margaret A. Shipp, and Scott J. Rodig. "Quantitative Assessment of PD-L1 Expression in Classical Hodgkin Lymphoma Suggests a Critical Role for Tumor Associated Macrophages in Suppressing Anti-Tumor Immunity." Blood 126, no. 23 (December 3, 2015): 1440. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v126.23.1440.1440.
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Abstract BACKGROUND: The programmed cell death-1 ligands (PD-Ls; PD-L1 and PD-L2) act as negative regulators of anti-tumor immunity by binding their cognate receptor, PD-1, on cytotoxic T-cells and inducing T-cell "exhaustion", a phenotype that is reversible with PD-1 blockade. Human antibodies that block PD-1 induce objective clinical responses in the majority of patients with relapsed / refractory classical Hodgkin Lymphoma (CHL). CHLs include small numbers of malignant Hodgkin Reed-Sternberg (HRS) cells (~5% of total cellularity) within an extensive but ineffective inflammatory and immune cell infiltrate. Over 85% of CHLs express PD-Ls on both the HRS cells and additional non-malignant cells within the tumor microenvironment (Chen et al., CCR 2010). PD-L expression in HRS cells is attributable, in part, to copy gain of chromosome 9p24.1, a region that includes PD-L1, PD-L2, and JAK2 (Green et al., Blood, 2010). However, the contribution of non-malignant cells to the overall PD-L expression within the tumor micro-environment of CHL is poorly defined. METHODS: We analyzed select CHLs (12 EBV+, 8 EBV-) by multiplex immunofluorescence using formalin-fixed, paraffin embedded tissue sections, with successive labeling by primary antibodies (PD-L1, CD30, CD68, pSTAT3, CD163), followed by secondary amplification and tyramide-conjugated fluorophores. For each case 2 large representative areas of tissue, totaling eight 20x fields of view were selected and imaged using a multispectral imaging platform. Two specific image analysis algorithms were designed to accurately identify CD30+ HRS cells and CD68+ macrophages simultaneously, then to threshold PD-L1 by relative fluorescent units (RFU) in each phenotype. Cartesian coordinates for all cells were exported and distance calculations were generated between PD-L1+ and PD-L1- macrophages and their Ônearest neighborÕ CD30+ PD-L1+ HRS cell. RESULTS: The percentages of CD30+ HRS cells and CD68+ macrophages expressing PD-L1 was highly variable across cases (range 9 - 94%, median 46.6% for HRS cells; range 6 - 91.3%, median 48.2% for macrophages). In all cases the majority of PD-L1 protein within the tumor micro-environment was contributed by macrophages (median 77.9%, range 50.4 - 98.5%), although the mean relative intensity of PD-L1 per cell was higher for HRS cells than for macrophages (3.13 +/-0.02 RFU vs 2.85 +/- 0.01 RFU; p < 0.0001 by Welch t-test). Further analysis revealed that the percentage of HRS cells and macrophages expressing PD-L1 was highly correlated (Pearson r = 0.67; 95% CI 0.32 - 0.85; p=0.001) and, in 18/20 tumors, PD-L1+ macrophages were in greater proximity to PD-L1+ HRS cells than PD-L1- macrophages (across 20 cases mean distance of 32.6 µm (SE 5 µm) versus 51.2 µm (SE 6.8 µm), respectively; p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: CD68+ tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) express the majority of PD-L1 in CHLs, which contain rare tumor cells. Image analysis of the distribution of PD-L1 in the tumor microenvironment indicates that PD-L1+ TAMs are significantly enriched in proximity to PD-L1+ HRS cells. These data implicate HRS cells in coordinating PD-L1 induction among TAMs to limit anti-tumor immunity. Figure 1. Figure 1. Disclosures Shipp: Merck: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Gilead: Consultancy; BMS: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; Sanofi: Research Funding; Bayer: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding. Rodig:Perkin Elmer: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Bristol Myers Squibb: Research Funding.
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Liu, Dan, Ni Hong Wang, and Gui Ying Li. "Neural Networks L2-Gain Controller Design for Nonlinear System." Key Engineering Materials 467-469 (February 2011): 1505–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.467-469.1505.
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This paper proposes a new method that it uses the neural network to construct the solution of the Hamiltion-Jacobi inequality (HJ), and it carries on the optimization of the neural network weight using the genetic algorithm. This method causes the Lyapunov function to satisfy the HJ, avoides solving the HJ parital differential inequality, and overcomes the difficulty which the HJ parital differential inequality analysis. Beside this, it proposes a design method of a nonlinear state feedback L2-gain disturbance rejection controller based on HJ, and introduces general structure of L2-gain disturbance rejection controller in the form of neural network. The simulation demonstrates the design of controller is feasible and the closed-loop system ensures a finite gain between the disturbance and the output.
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IMURA, Junichi, Toshiharu SUGIE, and Tsuneo YOSHIKAWA. "Internal Stability and L2 Gain of Nonlinear Systems." Transactions of the Society of Instrument and Control Engineers 29, no. 6 (1993): 659–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.9746/sicetr1965.29.659.
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Qian, Jing, Yun Zeng, Li Xiang Zhang, and Qi Song. "Nonlinear L2 Design for the Generator Hamiltonian System Included Excitation and PSS." Applied Mechanics and Materials 444-445 (October 2013): 759–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.444-445.759.
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In this paper, the generator included typical automatic voltage regulation (AVR) and power system stabilizer (PSS) SCR excitation system is taken as the research object, The Hamiltonian energy function and its general Hamilton control model are analyzed, on the basis of the five order Hamilton system model, positive definite conditions of the damping matrix R(x) was derived, and the system dissipation characteristics was analyzed. Using the Hamilton energy design method, the control strategy of system was designed, under the above control, the system is finite-gain L2 stable when external disturbance occurs.
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SASAKI, Seigo, and Kenko UCHIDA. "L2-Gain Analysis of Nonlinear Systems via Extended Quadratic Lyapunov Function." Transactions of the Society of Instrument and Control Engineers 33, no. 5 (1997): 352–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.9746/sicetr1965.33.352.
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ASAI, Toru. "Necessary and Sufficient Conditions for Analysis of L2 Gain across Switching." Transactions of the Society of Instrument and Control Engineers 41, no. 5 (2005): 437–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.9746/sicetr1965.41.437.
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OHTA, Yoshito, and Takashi KUNITAKE. "L2 Gain Analysis of Linear Parameter Varying Systems Based on Duality Theorem." Transactions of the Society of Instrument and Control Engineers 40, no. 2 (2004): 220–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.9746/sicetr1965.40.220.
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MORINAGA, Eiji, and Kenji HIRATA. "L2-Gain Analysis of Piecewise Affine Systems via Piecewise Quadratic Storage Functions." Transactions of the Society of Instrument and Control Engineers 40, no. 4 (2004): 405–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.9746/sicetr1965.40.405.
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ISHII, Chiharu, and Tielong SHEN. "Robust Tracking Control with L2-Gain Disturbance Attenuation for Electrically-Driven Robot Manipulators." Transactions of the Society of Instrument and Control Engineers 37, no. 2 (2001): 181–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.9746/sicetr1965.37.181.
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Allred, Curtis A., Richard E. Heinz, Yuta Matsumura, Tetyana V. Forostyan, David Kircher, Salah Sommakia, Thomas Welte, et al. "Abstract 1617: TGFBR1 as a novel therapeutic target in adult granulosa cell tumors." Cancer Research 83, no. 7_Supplement (April 4, 2023): 1617. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2023-1617.
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Abstract Adult granulosa cell tumor (AGCT) is a subtype of sex-cord stromal tumors and accounts for ~5% of all ovarian neoplasms. Nearly 100% of AGCT cases are caused by an oncogenic point mutation in the Forkhead Box L2 (FOXL2) transcription factor. Weis-Banke et al. found this gain-of-function mutation (FOXL2C134W) allows FOXL2 to hijack the nuclear SMAD2/3/4 complex, the downstream effector of transforming growth factor- ß (TGF-ß), and redirect to novel transcription sites, inducing transcription of epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) and other oncogenes. We hypothesized that FOXL2 mutant AGCT would be sensitive to TGF-ß inhibition. To test this hypothesis, we treated two GCT cell lines with TP-6379, an orally available, investigational small molecule kinase inhibitor of TGFBR1 that has been shown to block the phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of SMAD2 and SMAD3 in cells. TP-6379 was tested in the KGN cell line, derived from an AGCT patient and heterozygous for the FOXL2C134W mutation, and the COV434 cell line, derived from a juvenile GCT patient, which is FOXL2 wild type (WT). KGN cells (IC50 = 135 nM) were observed to be more than 70-fold more sensitive to TP-6379 treatment than COV434 (IC50 = >10,000 nM), after a 6- and 7- day treatment, respectively. KGN cells that were edited to remove the WT FOXL2 or both the WT and FOXL2C134W alleles were observed to be 1.6-fold more sensitive to TP-6379 and 22-fold less sensitive than the parental KGN cells. In vivo testing using KGN cells is ongoing. Viably cryopreserved dissociated tumor cells (DTCs) from two AGCT patients and one JGCT patient, which contain a mixture of tumor, immune, endothelial, and other stromal cells, were also tested in proliferation assays with TP-6379. All three ex vivo samples were positive for the FOXL2C134W mutation as detected by a qPCR genotyping assay and were sensitive to TP-6379 (IC50 = 555-1600 nM) after 6-day treatment. Xenograft models using these patient samples are currently under development. TGF-ß signaling is also a master regulator of the tumor microenvironment (TME) and immune evasion by modulating deposition of extracellular matrix and suppression of immune cells. We performed an immunophenotyping assay in tissue microarrays of thin-needle biopsy cores of multiple cancer types by looking at the distribution of CD8 T cells within tumor and stroma. AGCT showed the strongest excluded and desert phenotype among the tested cancer types, where CD8 T cells were confined to the stroma or absent entirely. TP-6379 treatment was observed to increase expression and reverse TGF-ß induced suppression of HLA class I in KGN cells. These data suggest that TGF-ß may play a significant role in the TME of AGCT. In conclusion, preclinical data shows inhibition of TGFß signaling with TP-6379 in FOXL2C134W mutant AGCT is active at blocking cell growth and may prove to be a potential therapy in this rare disease. Citation Format: Curtis A. Allred, Richard E. Heinz, Yuta Matsumura, Tetyana V. Forostyan, David Kircher, Salah Sommakia, Thomas Welte, Veena Vuttaradhi, Jason M. Foulks, Steven L. Warner, R Tyler Hillman. TGFBR1 as a novel therapeutic target in adult granulosa cell tumors [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2023; Part 1 (Regular and Invited Abstracts); 2023 Apr 14-19; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(7_Suppl):Abstract nr 1617.
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TAKAKU, Yuichi, and Takashi KIDA. "Optimal Static Output Feedback Controller Design of L2 Gain Performance Based on LMI for Linear Time-varying Mechanical System." Transactions of the Society of Instrument and Control Engineers 50, no. 10 (2014): 739–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.9746/sicetr.50.739.
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Долґунсоз, Емраг, and Аріф Сарісобан. "Word Skipping in Reading English as a Foreign Language: Evidence from Eye Tracking." East European Journal of Psycholinguistics 3, no. 2 (December 22, 2016): 22–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.29038/eejpl.2016.3.2.dol.
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During reading, readers never fixate on all words in the text; shorter words sometimes gain zero fixation and skipped by the reader. Relying on E-Z Reader Model, this research hypothesized that a similar skipping effect also exists for a second language. The current study examined word skipping rates in EFL (English as a Foreign Language) with 75 EFL learners by using eye tracking methodology. The results showed that word skipping was affected by EFL reading proficiency significantly and articles (a, an, the) were skipped more than content words. Furthermore, more skilled learners were observed to have less fixation count and skipped more words during reading while less skilled learners employed more fixations and skipped less words. Eye tracking as a novel method to observe learner development and progress in EFL reading was also discussed.
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Li, Xin, Ning Hou, and Wen Xiong. "The optical gain variation of Ge nanowires induced by L-valley splitting under the [110] direction stress." Applied Physics Express, January 11, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.35848/1882-0786/ad1db6.
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Abstract The electronic structures of Ge nanowires under the [110] direction stress are calculated via effective-mass k.p theory, and the results manifest eight equivalent L-valleys will be split into fourfold degenerate L1-valleys and L2-valleys. As increasing the stress, the electron levels at the L1-valleys and L2-valleys can be pushed close to and away from those at the Γ-valley, respectively, which causes the appearance of rising inflection point in Γ-valley filling ratio and gain peak intensity at around 2.5 GPa stress. Moreover, we prove the positive net peak gain with small diameters is apt to be obtained considering the free-carrier absorption loss.
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Mohammedi, Irryhl, David Gucik-Derigny, and David Henry. "A state-space approach for interval LPV estimators under L2/L∞-gain criterion." Journal of the Franklin Institute, August 2024, 107144. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jfranklin.2024.107144.
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Zhang, Ziyu, Xinsong Yang, Ju H. Park, and Zhilu Xu. "Observer‐based dual event‐triggered control for non‐weighted L2$$ {\mathcal{L}}_2 $$‐gain of switched linear systems." Asian Journal of Control, March 3, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/asjc.3351.
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AbstractAs everyone knows, strict mode‐dependent event‐triggered mechanism (MDETM) is rarely studied for switched systems due to the difficulty in settling down the relationship between the dwell time (DT) and triggered intervals. This problem is satisfactorily solved by considering the exponential stabilization via observer‐based dual MDETMs in switched linear systems. The dual MDETMs on the sensor‐controller (S‐C) channel and controller‐actuator (C‐A) channel are designed respectively according to mode‐dependent average dwell time (MDADT). The MDETMs on the C‐A channel are generated based on the MDETMs on the S‐C channel, which makes the new control technique strict mode‐dependent and reduces conservatism as much as possible. Furthermore, when there exists external disturbance, a non‐weighted ‐gain with better performance than existing results is given. By studying an augmented system, exponential stabilization is achieved through a new event‐triggered state estimation (ETSE) and dual MDETMs. The observer gain, controller gain, and non‐weighted ‐gain are derived through an effective algorithm. Finally, two numerical examples are given to illustrate the effectiveness of theoretical research.
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Chen, Wenxiang, Huiju Li, and Xinquan Zhang. "L2$$ {L}_2 $$‐gain analysis and fault‐tolerant control for uncertain nonlinear switched system with actuator saturation and time‐varying delay." Asian Journal of Control, January 4, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/asjc.3289.
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AbstractFor the nonlinear continuous‐time switched system with input saturation and time‐varying delay, the problem of actuator failure is investigated in the presence of external disturbances. First, the sufficient conditions for the tolerance disturbances of system are obtained by using the multiple augmented Lyapunov Krasovskii functionals method combined with the Wirtinger integral inequality method and the reciprocally convex combination inequality. Second, the restricted ‐gain is analyzed. Third, the switching law and the disturbance suppression fault‐tolerant controllers are designed to obtain the maximum value of tolerance disturbance and the minimum upper bound on the restricted ‐gain. Finally, the numerical examples are given to verified the effectiveness of the proposed method by comparing the state trajectories under the action of the fault‐tolerant controllers and the standard controllers.
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Guo, Hu, Huiju Li, and Xinquan Zhang. "L2$$ {L}_2 $$‐gain analysis and fault‐tolerant control for nonlinear discrete‐time switched systems with time‐varying delay and actuator saturation." Optimal Control Applications and Methods, February 29, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/oca.3110.
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AbstractThe ‐gain analysis and fault‐tolerant control of a class of uncertain nonlinear discrete‐time switched systems with time‐varying delay and actuator saturation are studied by using the multiple Lyapunov functions method. The fault‐tolerant state feedback controllers and the switching law are designed such that the closed‐loop system with actuator failures satisfies the disturbance attenuation performance indicator. The problem of estimating the capacity of admissible disturbance is transformed into a constrained optimization problem to ensure that the state trajectory of the closed‐loop system is bounded under the action of external disturbances. The upper bound of restricted ‐gain is estimated by solving constrained optimization problems. Then, when the fault‐tolerant controller can be regard as the design variable, the optimization problems above are adjusted for solving control synthesis problems. Finally, the numerical example is given to verify the effectiveness of the design method.
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Shultz, Andrew, Bo Liu, Maogang Gong, Francisco C. Robles Hernandez, and Judy Wu. "Pixel Geometry Effect on PbS Quantum Dot/Graphene Nanohybrid Broadband Photodetectors." Advanced Optical Materials, March 14, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adom.202302675.
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AbstractPhotodetectors based on colloidal quantum dots (QD)/graphene nanohybrids are quantum sensors due to strong quantum confinement in both QD and graphene. The optoelectronic properties of QD/graphene nanohybrids are affected by the quantum physics that predicts a high photoconductive gain and hence photoresponsivity (R*) depending on the pixel length (L) as R*∝L−2. Experimental confirmation of the effect of the pixel geometric parameters on the optoelectronic properties of the QD/graphene photodetector is therefore important to elucidate the underlying quantum physics. Motivated by this, an array of PbS QDs/graphene nanohybrid photodetectors are designed with variable QD/graphene pixel length L and width (W) in the range of 10–150 µm for a study of R*, noise, and specific detectivity (D*) in a broad spectrum of 400–1500 nm. Intriguingly, R* exhibits a monotonic decreasing trend of 1/L2 while being independent of W, confirming experimentally the theoretical prediction. Interestingly, this geometric effect on the photoresponsivity seems to be partially compensated by that in noise, leading to D* independent of L and W at wavelengths in the ultraviolet‐visible‐near infrared range. This result sheds light on the quantum physics underlying the optoelectronic process in QD/graphene nanohybrids, which is important to the design of high‐quality QD/graphene photodetectors and imaging systems.
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Pourbagher, Mohammad, Changiz Ghobadi, Javad Nourinia, and Rahim Naderali. "Wideband circularly polarized antenna with metallic walls for L-band applications." Circuit World ahead-of-print, ahead-of-print (July 13, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/cw-10-2020-0271.
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Purpose To achieve right-hand circular polarization (RHCP), a 3-dB Wilkinson power divider with a λ/4 phase shifter is used. The crossed-dipoles are placed at almost λ/4 elevation on the ground plane and connected to two coaxial cables. Experiments show that the impedance bandwidth of 49.40% (913.7–1,513.1 MHz) and axial ratio bandwidth (ARBW) of 22.88% (1,145.8–1,441.8 MHz) are achieved. Design/methodology/approach In this study, a wideband crossed-dipole antenna with circularly polarized (CP) radiation for L-band satellite and radar applications is presented. The proposed CP antenna comprises two orthogonally placed printed dipoles, a quadrature coupler and a box-shaped ground plane. Findings Furthermore, by fixing the box-shaped ground plane under the radiators, 5.13 dBic RHCP peak gain at 1,300 MHz and maximum half-power beamwidth (HPBW) of 84.5° at 1,170 MHz are realized for the antenna. Originality/value Eight metallic walls are connected to four corners of the substrate to stabilize the radiation properties in this study. Results show that the ARBW and front-to-back ratio are improved and the maximum HPBW around 127° across the operating frequency band is achieved. The proposed CP antenna is a good candidate for Global Positioning System (GPS) L2 (1.227 GHz), GPS L5 (1.176 GHz) and air route surveillance radar system at 1,215–1,390 MHz frequency band.
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Maradana, Sandhya, Fizzah Iqbal, and Marjorie Safran. "THU438 A Case Of Pregnancy Associated Osteoporosis." Journal of the Endocrine Society 7, Supplement_1 (October 2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jendso/bvad114.399.
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Abstract Disclosure: S. Maradana: None. F. Iqbal: None. M. Safran: None. Background: Pregnancy associated osteoporosis (PAO) is a rare form of osteoporosis that is seen in late pregnancy and early post-partum period. Hip and vertebral body are most involved in PAO. Common clinical manifestation is back pain, and many patients suffer from vertebral fractures and kyphosis causing great physiologic burden and negative impact on quality of life. We report a case of PAO with good response to teriparatide. Clinical case: A 27-year-old female with no significant past medical history presented with severe acute back pain two months after delivery of her second child, whilst still breast feeding. Imaging studies demonstrated acute compression fractures of T12, L1, L2 and L3 vertebrae. She had regular monthly menstrual cycles prior to pregnancy with no previous history of fractures. Her pre pregnancy weight was 135 lbs and she had been physically active, while caring for her older son. Family history is notable for osteoporosis in multiple paternal aunts and maternal grandmother with no family history of fractures. There were no other identifiable risk factors. Evaluation for secondary causes of osteoporosis showed 25-OH vitamin D levels of 23 ng/mL (NL 30-100 ng/mL), TSH 1.72 uIU/mL (NL 0.28-3.8 uIU/mL), PTH 19 pg/mL (NL 14-64 pg/mL), calcium 9.7 mg/dL (NL 8.7-10.7 mg/dL), phosphorus 4 mg/dL (NL 2.5-4.5 mg/dL), tryptase 4 mcg/L (NL <11 mcg/L), alkaline phosphatase 111 U/L (NL 30-115 U/L) and 24-hour urine calcium 168 mg (NL 100-300 mg). Urine immune electrophoresis and serum immunofixation did not show any evidence of monoclonal gammopathy. DEXA scan showed low BMD with Z-score of −4.4 SD in lumbar spine -3.1 in femoral neck. She was diagnosed with PAO. She stopped breast feeding after the diagnosis. As the bone mineral density was very low, she was started on teriparatide along with calcium and vitamin D supplementation. One year after treatment initiation, her DEXA scan showed improved bone mineral density with Z-score of −3.5 in lumbar spine and −1.9 in femoral neck. Her osteoporosis is currently being managed with teriparatide with plan to continue for a total duration of 24 months. Conclusion: PAO is under-recognized and under-reported, with limited available evidence on the management. Spontaneous improvement in BMD is known to occur in 6-12 months after pregnancy and lactation have been completed, although, the addition of anti-resorptive treatment in this setting may result in superior BMD gain compared with calcium and vitamin D supplementation alone. Use of teriparatide has shown to have significant increase in BMD and help with pain relief in PAO. Teriparatide has helped with improving the BMD in our patient. Nevertheless, controlled trials are lacking, and the optimal timing of teriparatide use in these women remains uncertain. Presentation: Thursday, June 15, 2023
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Ragoowansi, Henna, Brian Young, Steven Young, and Jeffrey Young. "Do upright radiograph findings affect treatment plans for patients with thoracic and lumbar spine injuries?" Trauma, December 3, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/14604086231213742.
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Background After spinal trauma, upright radiographs are commonly used to evaluate spinal stability. However, the benefits and risks of upright films have not yet been thoroughly studied. This study aimed to elucidate the effect that upright imaging has on patients with thoracic and/or lumbar spinal injuries by evaluating the impact on treatment decisions. Methods A retrospective review of all adult patients who suffered traumatic spine injuries and received thoracic and/or lumbar spine imaging between April 2019 and March 2021 in a Level 1 University Trauma Center. Patients’ charts were reviewed, and those patients who received upright films as a final dynamic evaluation of their spine before clearance for standing were identified. Fractures due to infection or malignancy were excluded as were 17 patients who only received post-operative upright films. We examined whether upright films modified the treatment strategy. Results Of the 353 upright radiographs conducted on patients without prior surgical intervention, 27 (7.6%) of these studies provided information not known from prior imaging; the remaining 92.4% of upright films were considered “unchanged” or “stable.” Of the 27 patients who had changes in uprights, in only 7 cases (2.0%) did the new findings affect the treatment plans. In 6/7 cases, upright films showed increased vertebral body height loss and/or worsening fractures—suggestive of instability—in previously known T12-L1 fractures. Conclusions We studied 353 patients who received T and/or L uprights after suffering a traumatic spine injury and before receiving any surgical interventions. Of these patients, 98.0% did not gain substantial benefit from the additional imaging as the upright radiographs did not affect the treatment strategy. In 2% of cases a significant change in management was indicated following the upright films; virtually all of these were in T11-L2 fractures. The utility of upright films should be re-evaluated and more studies directed to potentially clarify which subgroups of patients will benefit from these radiographs.
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"Bilingual education & biligualism." Language Teaching 38, no. 4 (October 2005): 229–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0261444805263140.
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