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Journal articles on the topic 'L1 Norms'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 18 May 2024

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1

Arens, Richard, and Moshe Goldberg. "Multilinear operators and weighted l1 norms." Linear Algebra and its Applications 267 (December 1997): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0024-3795(97)80039-0.

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Fu, Haoying, Michael K. Ng, Mila Nikolova, and Jesse L. Barlow. "Efficient Minimization Methods of Mixed l2-l1 and l1-l1 Norms for Image Restoration." SIAM Journal on Scientific Computing 27, no. 6 (2006): 1881–902. http://dx.doi.org/10.1137/040615079.

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3

Qi, Jinshan, Xun Liang, and Rui Xu. "A Multiple Kernel Learning Model Based on p-Norm." Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience 2018 (2018): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/1018789.

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By utilizing kernel functions, support vector machines (SVMs) successfully solve the linearly inseparable problems. Subsequently, its applicable areas have been greatly extended. Using multiple kernels (MKs) to improve the SVM classification accuracy has been a hot topic in the SVM research society for several years. However, most MK learning (MKL) methods employ L1-norm constraint on the kernel combination weights, which forms a sparse yet nonsmooth solution for the kernel weights. Alternatively, the Lp-norm constraint on the kernel weights keeps all information in the base kernels. Nonethele

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4

Yun, Jong-Gug. "Comparison Geometry With L1-Norms of Ricci Curvature." Canadian Mathematical Bulletin 49, no. 1 (2006): 152–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4153/cmb-2006-016-2.

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AbstractWe investigate the geometry of manifolds with bounded Ricci curvature in L1-sense. In particular, we generalize the classical volume comparison theorem to our situation and obtain a generalized sphere theorem.

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Mustafa Chalabee, Botan A., and Bayan A. Hassan. "Cephalometric Norms of Erbil Kurdish Adults." Polytechnic Journal 10, no. 1 (2020): 130–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.25156/ptj.v10n1y2020.pp130-134.

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Ethical group might have differential skeletal forms, thus cephalometric analysis and orthodontic material have been developed for specific ethnic groups which might be different for Kurdish Ethics.Objectives: This study is to determine the cephalometric norms of an Erbil Kurdish population according to Steiner analysis, who attend to Tishk Hospital/Diagnosis Department Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 48 lateral cephalograms of adult orthodontic subjects between 20 and 29 years with normal occlusion, and with no previous orthodontic treatment were evaluated. Lateral cepha

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Siangloy, Thitirat, and Chairat Charoemratrote. "Incisor and Soft Tissue Characteristics of Adult Bimaxillary Protrusion Patients among Different Skeletal Anteroposterior Classifications." Diagnostics 14, no. 10 (2024): 1031. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics14101031.

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The objective of this study was to investigate the upper incisors (U1), lower incisors (L1), and soft tissue profiles of bimaxillary protrusion (BM) adult patients among skeletal Class I (BM1), II (BM2) and III (BM3). Understanding these characteristics would be useful for incisor and lip diagnostics in different skeletal classifications. Fourteen linear and twelve angular variables of the incisors and lips were evaluated in 214 lateral cephalograms (BM1 = 91, BM2 = 84, BM3 = 39). ANOVA and Bonferroni tests compared the measurements. BM1 and BM3 exhibited a greater U1 position and U1 inclinati

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Yun, Jong-Gug. "Mean Curvature Comparison with L1-norms of Ricci Curvature." Canadian Mathematical Bulletin 47, no. 2 (2004): 314–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4153/cmb-2004-030-0.

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8

Sanchez Lopez, Hector, Yajie Xu, Pulung Nurtantio Andono, Yan Chang, and Xiaodong Yang. "Planar Gradient Coil Design Using L1 and L2 Norms." Applied Magnetic Resonance 49, no. 9 (2018): 959–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00723-018-1020-3.

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9

Mehta, Harsh. "The L1 norms of de la Vallée Poussin kernels." Journal of Mathematical Analysis and Applications 422, no. 2 (2015): 825–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmaa.2014.09.018.

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Kalaj, David, and Djordjije Vujadinovic. "The Gradient of a Solution of the Poisson Equation in the Unit Ball and Related Operators." Canadian Mathematical Bulletin 60, no. 3 (2017): 536–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4153/cmb-2017-020-7.

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AbstractIn this paper we determine the L1 ⟶ L1 and L∞ ⟶ L∞ norms of an integral operator N related to the gradient of the solution of Poisson equation in the unit ball with vanishing boundary data in sense of distributions.

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Schinzel, A., and W. M. Schmidt. "Comparison of L1- and L∞-norms of squares of polynomials." Acta Arithmetica 104, no. 3 (2002): 283–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4064/aa104-3-4.

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12

Karuhanga, Martin. "Eigenvalue Bounds for a Class of Schrödinger Operators in a Strip." Journal of Mathematics 2018 (December 12, 2018): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/7172356.

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This paper is concerned with the estimation of the number of negative eigenvalues (bound states) of Schrödinger operators in a strip subject to Neumann boundary conditions. The estimates involve weighted L1 norms and Lln⁡L norms of the potential. Estimates involving the norms of the potential supported by a curve embedded in a strip are also presented.

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13

Novikov, A. "C*-algebra Positive Element Invertibility Criteria in Terms of L1-norms Equivalence and L∞-norms Equivalence." Lobachevskii Journal of Mathematics 40, no. 5 (2019): 677–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1995080219050159.

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14

Casarino, Valentina. "Norms of Complex Harmonic Projection Operators." Canadian Journal of Mathematics 55, no. 6 (2003): 1134–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4153/cjm-2003-045-6.

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AbstractIn this paper we estimate the (Lp – L2)-norm of the complex harmonic projectors πℓ,ℓ′, 1 ≤ p ≤ 2, uniformly with respect to the indexes ℓ, ℓ′. We provide sharp estimates both for the projectors πℓ,ℓ′, when ℓ, ℓ′ belong to a proper angular sector in ℕ × ℕ, and for the projectors πℓ0 and π0ℓ. The proof is based on an extension of a complex interpolation argument by C. Sogge. In the appendix, we prove in a direct way the uniform boundedness of a particular zonal kernel in the L1 norm on the unit sphere of ℝ2n.

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15

Itakura, Hiroko. "Femininity in mixed-sex talk and intercultural communication." Pragmatics and Society 5, no. 3 (2014): 455–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ps.5.3.09ita.

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Previous studies of language and gender discuss how men and women use gender-specific conversational styles mainly in relation to English, whereas similar studies for Asian languages remain comparatively few. Moreover, little is known about gender and conversational styles during intercultural communication. This paper explores whether speakers follow similar norms of politeness in mixed-sex talk in their L1 and in intercultural conversations in L2 English, and if femininities are modified, what factors may be involved. It reports findings from a case study of a Japanese female’s conversations

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16

Binks, Hanna L., and Enlli Môn Thomas. "Long-term outcomes for bilinguals in minority language contexts: Welsh–English teenagers’ performance on measures of grammatical gender and plural morphology in Welsh." Applied Psycholinguistics 40, no. 4 (2019): 1019–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0142716419000110.

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AbstractThis study explored the long-term effects of limited input on bilingual teenagers’ acquisition of complex morphology in Welsh. Study 1 assessed 168 12–13 and 16–17-year-old teenagers, across three bilingual groups: those whose first language was Welsh (L1 Welsh), those who learned Welsh and English simultaneously (L1 Welsh–English), and those who learned Welsh as a second language (L2 Welsh), on their receptive knowledge of grammatical gender. Study 2 assessed the same participants on their production of plural morphology. While the results of Study 1 revealed continuous progression to

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17

Grolmusz, Vince. "On the power of circuits with gates of low L1 norms." Theoretical Computer Science 188, no. 1-2 (1997): 117–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0304-3975(96)00290-3.

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18

Maniatty, W. A., and B. K. Szymanski. "Fine-grain discrete Voronoi diagram algorithms in L1 and L∞ norms." Mathematical and Computer Modelling 26, no. 4 (1997): 71–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0895-7177(97)00145-3.

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19

Omidikia, Nematollah, Mahdiyeh Ghaffari, and Róbert Rajkó. "Sparse non-negative multivariate curve resolution: L0, L1, or L2 norms?" Chemometrics and Intelligent Laboratory Systems 199 (April 2020): 103969. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemolab.2020.103969.

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20

Benítez, Carlos, and Manuel Fernández. "Norms in product spaces which preserve approximation properties." Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh: Section A Mathematics 105, no. 1 (1987): 199–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0308210500022034.

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SynopsisLet E1 and E2 be real normed linear spaces such that the dimension of any of them is at least 2. We prove that the norms in E1 × E2 which verify a simple property of monotonicity with regard to the initial norms in E1 and E2 are the only norms in E1 × E2 which preserve best linear approximations, in the sense that ifyk ∊ Lk is best approximation to xk from the linear subspace Lk, (k = 1,2), then (y1, y2) is best approximation to (x1, x2) from L1 × L2.

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21

White, Jonathan R. "Local Norms in CALL Language Practice." International Journal of Computer-Assisted Language Learning and Teaching 6, no. 1 (2016): 40–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijcallt.2016010103.

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This article presents an investigation into what norms are negotiated in a CALL classrooms by non-native speakers of English who are Internet novices. There is an on-going debate regarding the status of non-native speaker norms. Although there is more and more recognition that they are valid learner targets, native speaker norms are still reported to have the highest status for learners. Internet language use, though, has led to a change in the perception of norms, as communities of non-native speakers can set their own norms over those of native speakers. Data are analysed from academic textc

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22

LANCONELLI, ALBERTO, and AUREL I. STAN. "A HÖLDER INEQUALITY FOR NORMS OF POISSONIAN WICK PRODUCTS." Infinite Dimensional Analysis, Quantum Probability and Related Topics 16, no. 03 (2013): 1350022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219025713500227.

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An understanding of the second quantization operator of a constant times the identity operator and the Poissonian Wick product, without using the orthogonal Charlier polynomials, is presented first. We use both understanding, with and without the Charlier polynomials, to prove some inequalities about the norms of Poissonian Wick products. These inequalities are the best ones in the case of L1, L2, and L∞ norms. We close the paper with some probabilistic interpretations of the Poissonian Wick product.

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23

Boyarshinov, Victor, and Malik Magdon-Ismail. "Linear time isotonic and unimodal regression in the L1 and L∞ norms." Journal of Discrete Algorithms 4, no. 4 (2006): 676–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jda.2005.07.001.

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24

Ikeda, Kazushi, and Noboru Murata. "Geometrical Properties of Nu Support Vector Machines with Different Norms." Neural Computation 17, no. 11 (2005): 2508–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/0899766054796897.

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By employing the L1 or L∞ norms in maximizing margins, support vector machines (SVMs) result in a linear programming problem that requires a lower computational load compared to SVMs with the L2 norm. However, how the change of norm affects the generalization ability of SVMs has not been clarified so far except for numerical experiments. In this letter, the geometrical meaning of SVMs with the Lp norm is investigated, and the SVM solutions are shown to have rather little dependency on p.

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25

Amarorwot, Sarah, and Bebwa Isingoma. "Order of adjectives and adverbs in L2 English: Evidence from L1 Acholi speakers of Ugandan English." Studies in Linguistics, Culture, and FLT 9, no. 3 (2021): 44–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.46687/yxuv9786.

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L2 Englishes are quintessentially characterized by cross-linguistic influence at all levels of linguistic analysis as a result of contact phenomena. This study examines the contribution of the syntax of a Ugandan indigenous language (Acholi) to how its L1 speakers speak English and the extent of variability observed among them, taking into account two grammatical aspects, i.e. how multiple attributive adjectives are sequenced in a noun phrase and the placement of adverbs in a sentence. The findings of the study show notable differences from L1 English (e.g. Standard British English), as L1 Ach

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26

Fahad, S., M. A. Mustafa, Z. Ullah, T. Hussain, and A. Qayyum. "Weighted Ostrowski's Type Integral Inequalities for Mapping Whose First Derivative Is Bounded." International Journal of Analysis and Applications 20 (March 8, 2022): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.28924/2291-8639-20-2022-16.

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The aim of paper is to develop the inequalities for L∞, Lp and L1 norms. Applications for some special weight functions and Perturbed expressions are also determined via Chebychev functional. We recaptured the previous results for different weights.

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27

Costa, Felipe Timóteo da, Marco Antonio Cetale Santos, and Djalma Manoel Soares Filho. "Wavenumbers illuminated by time-domain acoustic FWI using the L1 and L2 norms." Journal of Applied Geophysics 174 (March 2020): 103935. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jappgeo.2019.103935.

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28

Dai, Shaosheng, Dezhou Zhang, Junjie Cui, Xiaoxiao Zhang, and Jinsong Liu. "Edge preserving super-resolution infrared image reconstruction based on L1- and L2-norms." Frontiers of Optoelectronics 10, no. 2 (2016): 189–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12200-016-0659-3.

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29

Shaidurov, Vladimir V., Alexander V. Vyatkin, and Elena V. Kuchunova. "Semi-Lagrangian difference approximations with different stability requirements." Russian Journal of Numerical Analysis and Mathematical Modelling 33, no. 2 (2018): 123–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/rnam-2018-0011.

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Abstract The paper demonstrates different ways of using the semi-Lagrangian approximation depending on the fulfillment of conservation laws. A one-dimensional continuity equation and a parabolic one are taken as simple methodological examples. For these equations, the principles of constructing discrete analogues are demonstrated for three different conservation laws (or the requirements of stability in the related discrete norms similar to the L1, L2, L∞-norms). It is significant that different conservation laws yield difference problems of different types as well as different ways to justify

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30

Lampayan, Valentine Blez, and Marrick Neri. "Nonconvex TVq model with l1 fidelity term in image restoration." SciEnggJ 17, no. 1 (2024): 18–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.54645/2024171mxs-35.

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Restoration of images based on a nonconvex �! variational model which contains the �" “norm,” q ∈ (0,1), is considered. The existence of a minimizer of the model is established in the discrete setting. To solve the minimization problem, Huber-type regularizations of the �" and the �!norms are performed on the model. A primal-dual semismooth Newton method with a trust region technique is adapted to solve the model and the convergence of the algorithm is presented. Applications are made on restoration of images corrupted with blur and impulse noise.

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Higginbotham, G., I. Munby, and J. Racine. "A Japanese Word Association Database of English." Vocabulary Learning and Instruction 4, no. 2 (2015): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.7820/vli.v04.2.higginbotham.et.al.

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In this paper, two word association (WA) studies are presented in support of recent arguments against the use of native-speaker (NS) norms in WA research. In Study 1, first-language (L1) and second-language (L2) WA norms lists were developed and compared to learner responses as a means of measuring L2 proficiency. The results showed that L2 norms provided a more sensitive measure of L2 lexical development than did traditional NS norms. Study 2 was designed to test the utility of native norms databases in predicting the primary WA responses of Japanese learners to high-frequency English cues. W

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Chantharasombat, Jidapa, and Nattama Pongpairoj. "Interlanguage Pragmatics: Deviant Patterns of Negative Responses to English Negative Yes/No Questions by L1 Thai Speakers." International Journal of Applied Linguistics and English Literature 7, no. 3 (2018): 193. http://dx.doi.org/10.7575/aiac.ijalel.v.7n.3p.193.

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This study investigated the potential cause of L1 Thai speakers’ persistent deviations from target-like negative responses to negative yes/no questions in L2 English context based on the theory of interlanguage pragmatics, particularly pragmatic transfer. L1 Thai undergraduates were categorized into two groups according to their level of L2 English linguistic proficiency. A discourse completion task (DCT), which required the participants to complete their turns in a conversation under different situations, were used to elicit their negative responses. The results revealed that negative pragmat

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33

Dmitrieva, Olga, Allard Jongman, and Joan A. Sereno. "The Effect of Instructed Second Language Learning on the Acoustic Properties of First Language Speech." Languages 5, no. 4 (2020): 44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/languages5040044.

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This paper reports on a comprehensive phonetic study of American classroom learners of Russian, investigating the influence of the second language (L2) on the first language (L1). Russian and English productions of 20 learners were compared to 18 English monolingual controls focusing on the acoustics of word-initial and word-final voicing. The results demonstrate that learners’ Russian was acoustically different from their English, with shorter voice onset times (VOTs) in [−voice] stops, longer prevoicing in [+voice] stops, more [−voice] stops with short lag VOTs and more [+voice] stops with p

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Leśniewska, Justyna, and Ewa Witalisz. "Cross-linguistic influence and acceptability judgments of L2 and L1 collocations." EUROSLA Yearbook 7 (August 10, 2007): 27–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/eurosla.7.04les.

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The paper presents an investigation of the extent and nature of cross-linguistic influence on both L2 and L1 phraseological competence of advanced Polish learners of English. We review relevant research studies, which describe various types of collocational deviation from native speaker norms in the language production of advanced learners, and indicate that the collocational choices of learners may be affected by their L1, which results either in incorrect collocations, or in patterns of underuse or overuse. We administered two acceptability judgment tests to 91 Polish advanced learners of En

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35

Levine, Glenn S. "Principles for code choice in the foreign language classroom: A focus on grammaring." Language Teaching 47, no. 3 (2012): 332–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0261444811000498.

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The social and cultural ‘turn’ in language education of recent years has helped move language teaching and curriculum design away from many of the more rigid dogmas of earlier generations, but the issue of the roles of the learners’ first language (L1) in language pedagogy and classroom interaction is far from settled. Some follow a strict ‘exclusive target language’ pedagogy, while others ‘resort to’ the use of the L1 for a variety of purposes (see ACTFL 2008). Underlying these competing views is the perspective of the L1 as an impediment to second language learning. Following sociocultural t

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Ma, Changzheng, Boon Poh Ng, and Junjie Feng. "ISAR IMAGING BASED ON L1 L0 NORMS HOMOTOPY 2D BLOCK SPARSE SIGNAL RECOVERY ALGORITHM." Progress In Electromagnetics Research C 67 (2016): 135–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.2528/pierc16060701.

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37

Saperas-Riera, Jordi, Glòria Mateu-Figueras, and Josep Antoni Martín-Fernández. "Lp-Norm for Compositional Data: Exploring the CoDa L1-Norm in Penalised Regression." Mathematics 12, no. 9 (2024): 1388. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math12091388.

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The Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) regression technique has proven to be a valuable tool for fitting and reducing linear models. The trend of applying LASSO to compositional data is growing, thereby expanding its applicability to diverse scientific domains. This paper aims to contribute to this evolving landscape by undertaking a comprehensive exploration of the L1-norm for the penalty term of a LASSO regression in a compositional context. This implies first introducing a rigorous definition of the compositional Lp-norm, as the particular geometric structure of the com

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38

Osuka, Naoko. "The Effect of Study-Abroad on Pragmatic Transfer." Chinese Journal of Applied Linguistics 44, no. 1 (2021): 3–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cjal-2021-0001.

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AbstractThis study aims to investigate the effect that studying abroad may have on pragmatic transfer in requests, refusals, and expressions of gratitude, produced by Japanese learners of English. Twenty-two Japanese college students completed a multimedia elicitation task (MET) before and after studying in the US for one semester, together with twenty-two L1 English speakers and twenty L1 Japanese speakers as baseline data. The MET is a computer-based instrument for eliciting oral data. Unlike previous studies on pragmatic transfer, which often lack statistical evidence, this study includes s

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Tang, Jinping, Bo Han, Weimin Han, Bo Bi, and Li Li. "Mixed Total Variation and L1 Regularization Method for Optical Tomography Based on Radiative Transfer Equation." Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine 2017 (2017): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/2953560.

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Optical tomography is an emerging and important molecular imaging modality. The aim of optical tomography is to reconstruct optical properties of human tissues. In this paper, we focus on reconstructing the absorption coefficient based on the radiative transfer equation (RTE). It is an ill-posed parameter identification problem. Regularization methods have been broadly applied to reconstruct the optical coefficients, such as the total variation (TV) regularization and the L1 regularization. In order to better reconstruct the piecewise constant and sparse coefficient distributions, TV and L1 no

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Warsono, Warsono. "LANGUAGE TRANSFER IN LEARNER LANGUAGE." EduLite: Journal of English Education, Literature and Culture 1, no. 1 (2016): 103. http://dx.doi.org/10.30659/e.1.1.103-114.

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In using the foreign language they are learning, learners tend to use forms that deviate from the target language (TL) norms. The question that arises is whether these forms are the result of transfer or the result of some other causes; and if transfer does exist in learner language, whether it diminishes with the development of the learner TL achievement. This paper tries to find answers to these questions by (1) reviewing some related literature, and (2) looking at some data of learners’ written production of Indonesian learners of English. The data were collected from the writings of the fi

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41

DUAN, RENJUN, SEIJI UKAI, TONG YANG, and HUIJIANG ZHAO. "OPTIMAL CONVERGENCE RATES FOR THE COMPRESSIBLE NAVIER–STOKES EQUATIONS WITH POTENTIAL FORCES." Mathematical Models and Methods in Applied Sciences 17, no. 05 (2007): 737–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021820250700208x.

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For the viscous and heat-conductive fluids governed by the compressible Navier–Stokes equations with an external potential force, there exist non-trivial stationary solutions with zero velocity. By combining the Lp - Lq estimates for the linearized equations and an elaborate energy method, the convergence rates are obtained in various norms for the solution to the stationary profile in the whole space when the initial perturbation of the stationary solution and the potential force are small in some Sobolev norms. More precisely, the optimal convergence rates of the solution and its first order

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Kislitsyn, Alexey Alexeevich, and Maria Yurievna Kislitsyna. "Recognition of sample distribution functions among a system of patterns: the nearest neighbor method." Keldysh Institute Preprints, no. 29 (2023): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.20948/prepr-2023-29.

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The value of the sample distribution identification error of a multidimensional discrete random variable among a library of reference patterns is studied, depending on the dimension of the random vector, the sample length and the distance between two reference distributions in the norms C and L1. It is shown that the recognition error in the L1 norm is significantly lower than in C. Reference distributions of n-grams for texts are considered as a practical application. It turned out that the accuracy of identification is mainly determined by the individual characteristics of the standards, and

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43

THOMAS, ENLLI MÔN, NIA WILLIAMS, LLINOS ANGHARAD JONES, SUSI DAVIES, and HANNA BINKS. "Acquiring complex structures under minority language conditions: Bilingual acquisition of plural morphology in Welsh." Bilingualism: Language and Cognition 17, no. 3 (2013): 478–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1366728913000497.

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This study explored the effects of quantity and quality of input on bilingual children's acquisition of complex plural morphology in Welsh. Study 1 explored the quality of adult input and revealed target-like marking of plural forms in naturalistic adult speech. Study 2 presented eighty-eight 7–11-year-old children, across three bilingual language groups (L1 Welsh, 2L1, and L2 Welsh), with a plural production task. Results revealed performances approaching L1 adult norms among L1 Welsh-speaking bilinguals, but delayed progression among 2L1 and L2 Welsh bilinguals, although analyses of errors r

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44

Livadiotis, George. "General Fitting Methods Based on Lq Norms and their Optimization." Stats 3, no. 1 (2020): 16–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/stats3010002.

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The widely used fitting method of least squares is neither unique nor does it provide the most accurate results. Other fitting methods exist which differ on the metric norm can be used for expressing the total deviations between the given data and the fitted statistical model. The least square method is based on the Euclidean norm L2, while the alternative least absolute deviations method is based on the Taxicab norm, L1. In general, there is an infinite number of fitting methods based on metric spaces induced by Lq norms. The most accurate, and thus optimal method, is the one with the (i) hig

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Salapaka, Murti V., Petros Voulgaris, and Mohammed Dahleh. "SISO controller design to minimize a positive combination of the l1 and the H2 norms." Automatica 33, no. 3 (1997): 387–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0005-1098(96)00169-0.

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Pełczyński, Aleksander, and Michał Wojciechowski. "Sobolev spaces in several variables in L1-type norms are not isomorphic to Banach lattices." Arkiv för Matematik 40, no. 2 (2002): 363–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02384541.

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Vujić, Jelena, Mirjana Daničić, and Tamara Aralica. "Caught in the cross-fire: Tackling hate speech from the perspective of language and translation pedagogy." Lodz Papers in Pragmatics 14, no. 1 (2018): 203–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/lpp-2018-0010.

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Abstract Hate speech is a phenomenon which has been in the focus of scholarly interest of linguists, philosophers, sociologists, human-rights advocates, legal and media experts. Much of this interest has been devoted to establishing criteria for identifying what constitutes hate speech across disciplines. In this paper, we argue that hate speech has profiled as a distinct subgenre of the language of politics with typical patterns and ways of addressing which can be recognized in political campaigns across the world. Therefore, we present the findings of the case study of translation exercises

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Al Fajri, Muchamad Sholakhuddin, and Ikmi Nur Oktavianti. "Stance expressions in applied linguistics research articles: A corpus-based contrastive study." Training, Language and Culture 8, no. 1 (2024): 54–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2521-442x-2024-8-1-54-65.

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Stance, a crucial aspect of academic writing, is complex and vital for both beginner and advanced writers. However, L2 English learners and experienced writers frequently struggle with using stance markers effectively. Currently, there remains a scarcity of research comparing the utilisation of stance markers in applied linguistics research articles between native English professional writers and L1 Indonesian speakers. This study aims to fill this gap by investigating similarities and differences in the deployment of stance markers in applied linguistics research articles by authors with L1 I

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KLEMENT, ERICH PETER, ANNA KOLESÁROVÁ, RADKO MESIAR, and ANDREA STUPŇANOVÁ. "LIPSCHITZ CONTINUITY OF DISCRETE UNIVERSAL INTEGRALS BASED ON COPULAS." International Journal of Uncertainty, Fuzziness and Knowledge-Based Systems 18, no. 01 (2010): 39–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218488510006374.

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The stability of discrete universal integrals based on copulas is discussed and examined, both with respect to the norms L1 (Lipschitz stability) and L∞ (Chebyshev stability). Each of these integrals is shown to be 1-Lipschitz. Exactly the discrete universal integrals based on a copula which is stochastically increasing in its first coordinate turn out to be 1-Chebyshev. A new characterization of stochastically increasing Archimedean copulas is also given.

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R Alawfi, Dr Nadyh Naser. "Linguistic transformation and preservation of the mother tongue of Saudi Postgraduate scholarship students and their children." International Journal of English Literature and Social Sciences 7, no. 5 (2022): 199–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.22161/ijels.75.31.

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Experiences of linguistic shift (LS) and language maintenance (LM) among Saudi postgraduates who had returned home from studying internationally were investigated. Assessment of perspectives of their first language (L1) among the learners and their children was undertaken, in addition to efforts at advocating language maintenance adopted by educational facilities, cultural and religious associations, as well as the learners themselves. Furthermore, the strengthening of language maintenance in particular fields was examined. Semi-structured interviews were carried out to discuss with and observ

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