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Journal articles on the topic 'L-serine'

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Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 25 April 2022

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1

Görbitz, Carl Henrik, Marius Bruvoll, Selma Dizdarevic, Nina Fimland, Jasmina Hafizovic, Helen Therese Kalfjøs, Alexander Krivokapic, and Kristian Vestli. "L-Isoleucyl-L-serine 0.33-hydrate,L-phenylalanyl-L-serine andL-methionyl-L-serine 0.34-hydrate." Acta Crystallographica Section C Crystal Structure Communications 62, no. 1 (December 16, 2005): o22—o25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0108270105038928.

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2

Zakharov, B. A., V. V. Ghazaryan, E. V. Boldyreva, and A. M. Petrosyan. "l-serine picrates." Journal of Molecular Structure 1100 (November 2015): 255–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.molstruc.2015.07.051.

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3

Johansen, Arne, Randi Midtkandal, Heidi Roggen, and Carl Henrik Görbitz. "L-Valyl-L-serine trihydrate." Acta Crystallographica Section C Crystal Structure Communications 61, no. 4 (March 11, 2005): o198—o200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0108270105003732.

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4

Iijima, Jun, Haruo Naruke, and Hiroshi Takiyama. "Rubidium pentaaqua(L-serine)cobalt(II) hexahydrogenhexamolybdocobaltate(III)L-serine monosolvate decahydrate." Acta Crystallographica Section E Structure Reports Online 69, no. 11 (October 19, 2013): m612—m613. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600536813028304.

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The Co2+ion in the title compound, Rb[Co(C3H7NO3)(H2O)5][H6CoMo6O24]·C3H7NO3·10H2O, is coordinated by five water molecules and oneO-monodentate L-serine ligand in a slightly distorted octahedral geometry. The Rb+ion is irregularly coordinated by nine O atoms. In the crystal, the [H6CoIIIMo6O24]3−polyanions are stacked along theb-axis direction, mediated by bridging Rb—O bonds. N—H...O and O—H...O hydrogen bonds are observed involving the L-serine molecules.

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5

Kolev, T., B. B. Koleva, and M. Spiteller. "Spectroscopic, theoretical and structural characterization of hydrogensquarates of l-threonyl-l-serine and l-serine." Amino Acids 33, no. 4 (July 31, 2007): 719–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00726-006-0391-1.

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6

Benaziz, Lhaj, Allal Barroug, Ahmed Legrouri, Christian Rey, and Albert Lebugle. "Adsorption of O-Phospho-L-Serine and L-Serine onto Poorly Crystalline Apatite." Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 238, no. 1 (June 2001): 48–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jcis.2001.7450.

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7

Stanley, S., C. J. Percival, T. Morel, A. Braithwaite, M. I. Newton, G. McHale, and W. Hayes. "Enantioselective detection of l-serine." Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical 89, no. 1-2 (March 2003): 103–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0925-4005(02)00449-5.

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8

Schouten, Arie, and Martin Lutz. "L-Serine methyl ester hydrochloride." Acta Crystallographica Section E Structure Reports Online 65, no. 12 (November 7, 2009): o3026. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600536809046480.

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9

Winarto, Budi. "Pengaruh Glutamin dan Serin terhadap Kultur Anter Anthurium andraeanum cv. Tropical." Jurnal Hortikultura 21, no. 4 (December 2, 2011): 293. http://dx.doi.org/10.21082/jhort.v21n4.2011.p293-305.

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Kultur anter merupakan salah satu teknologi haploid penting dalam produksi tanaman haploid ganda dan berhasil diaplikasikan pada berbagai jenis tanaman, namun aplikasi pada Anthurium belum pernah dilaporkan. Penelitian dan pengembangan kultur anter Anthurium yang difokuskan untuk mempelajari pengaruh glutamin dan serin terhadap induksi, pertumbuhan, dan regenerasi kalus dilakukan di Laboratorium Kultur Jaringan Balai Penelitian Tanaman Hias dari bulan Januari sampai dengan September 2008. Tujuan penelitian ialah mengetahui pengaruh kombinasi konsentrasi glutamin dan serin terhadap induksi, pertumbuhan, dan regenerasi kalus pada kultur anter Anthurium. Spadik Anthurium andraeanum cv. Tropical, kalus hasil kultur anter serta medium Winarto dan Teixeira digunakan dalam studi ini. Glutamin dan serin pada konsentrasi 0, 250, 500, dan 750 mg/l diuji dalam percobaan ini. Percobaan disusun menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap pola faktorial dengan empat ulangan. Hasil studi menunjukkan bahwa penambahan glutamin dan serin pada medium terseleksi belum memberikan pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap induksi, pertumbuhan, dan regenerasi kalus. Glutamin pada konsentrasi 250 mg/l menginduksi potensi tumbuh anter hingga 48% dengan 21% anter beregenerasi dan 1,3 anter per perlakuan membentuk kalus. Sementara serin pada 500 mg/l merupakan konsentrasi yang paling potensial dalam induksi kalus dengan 55% potensi tumbuh anter, 24% anter beregenerasi, dan 1,4 anter per perlakuan membentuk kalus. Glutamin 250 mg/l merupakan konsentrasi terbaik dibanding konsentrasi yang lain dalam mendukung pertumbuhan dan regenerasi kalus. Perlakuan tersebut tanpa serin mampu menginduksi potensi pertumbuhan kalus hingga 77% dengan volume kalus mencapai 237 mm3 dan empat tunas dihasilkan per eksplan. Sementara perlakuan serin justru mereduksi pertumbuhan dan regenerasi kalus dan menstimulasi senesensi kalus yang berdampak pada pencoklatan dan kematiannya. Dari hasil penelitian ini dapat disarankan penggunaan glutamin dibanding serin dalam meningkatkan keberhasilan kultur anter Anthurium.<br /><br /><br /><br />Anther culture is one of important haploid technologies in producing double haploid lines and successfully applied in many plants, while the application in Anthurium is not reported yet. Research and development in anther culture of Anthurium focusing on studying the effect of glutamine and serine on callus induction, growth, and its regeneration was conducted at Tissue Culture Laboratory of Indonesian Ornamental Crops Research Institute from January untill September 2008. Objective of this study was to know the effect of glutamine and serine on callus induction, growth, and its regeneration in anther culture of Anthurium. Spadix of Anthurium andraeanum cv. Tropical, callus derived from anther and Winarto and Teixeira medium were utilized in the study. Glutamine and serine of 0, 250, 500, and 750 mg/l were tested in the experiments. Factorial experiment was arranged by completely randomized design with four replications. Results of the study indicate that addition of glutamine and serine in selected culture medium gave moderate significant effect on induction, growth, and regeneration of callus. Glutamine in 250 mg/l induced potential growth of anther up to 48% with 21% regenerated anthers and 1.3 anthers per treatment producing calli, while 500 mg/l of serine was better concentration in callus formation with 55% potential growth of callus, 24% regenerated anthers and 1.4 anthers per treatment producing calli. In growth and regeneration of callus, supplementation of serine reduced callus capacity in growth and production of shoots and stimulated callus senescence causing browning and death of it, while 250 mg/l glutamine exhibited positive effect on them. The treatment without serine was able to induce potential growth of callus up to 77% with 237 mm3 per callus and four shoots produced per explants. Results of the study suggest application of glutamine rather than serine in improving anther culture of Anthurium.<br /><br />

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10

Zhou, Qin Xin, and Joachim Kohn. "Preparation of poly(L-serine ester): a structural analog of conventional poly(L-serine)." Macromolecules 23, no. 14 (July 1990): 3399–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ma00216a002.

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11

Moggach, Stephen A., William G. Marshall, and Simon Parsons. "High-pressure neutron diffraction study of L-serine-I and L-serine-II, and the structure of L-serine-III at 8.1 GPa." Acta Crystallographica Section B Structural Science 62, no. 5 (September 18, 2006): 815–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s010876810601799x.

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The hydrostatic compression of L-serine-d 7 has been studied to 8.1 GPa by neutron powder diffraction. Over the course of this pressure range the compound undergoes two phase transitions, the first between 4.6 and 5.2 GPa, yielding L-serine-II, and the second between 7.3 and 8.1 GPa, yielding L-serine-III. All three polymorphs are orthorhombic, P212121, and feature chains of serine molecules connected via head-to-tail ND...O hydrogen bonds formed between ammonium and carboxylate groups. The chains are linked into a ribbon by a second set of ND...O hydrogen bonds. The hydroxyl moieties are distributed along the outer edges of the ribbon and in phase I they connect the ribbons into a layer by chains of OD...OD hydrogen bonds. The layers are connected together by a third set of ND...O hydrogen bonds, forming R^3_4(14) rings with substantial voids at their centres. In the transition from phase I to II these voids begin to close up, but at the cost of breaking the OD...OD chains. The OD...OD hydrogen bonds are replaced by shorter OD...O hydrogen bonds to carboxylate groups. At 7.3 GPa the O...O distance in the OD...O hydrogen bonds measures only 2.516 (17) Å, which is short, and we propose that the phase transition to phase III that occurs between 7.3 and 8.1 GPa relieves the strain that has built up in this region of the structure. The hydroxyl D atom now bifurcates between the OD...O contact that had been present in phase II and a new OD...O contact formed to a carboxylate in another layer. Hirshfeld surface fingerprint plots show that D...D interactions become more numerous, while hydrogen bonds actually begin to lengthen in the transition from phase II to III.

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12

Tang, Rui-ren, Zi-er Yan, and Yi-ming Luo. "Synthesis of o-L-α-glycerylphosphoryl-L-serine." Journal of Central South University of Technology 12, no. 6 (December 2005): 693–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11771-005-0071-4.

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13

Hamano, Momoko, Shozo Tomonaga, Yusuke Osaki, Hiroaki Oda, Hisanori Kato, and Shigeki Furuya. "Transcriptional Activation of Chac1 and Other Atf4-Target Genes Induced by Extracellular l-Serine Depletion is negated with Glycine Consumption in Hepa1-6 Hepatocarcinoma Cells." Nutrients 12, no. 10 (October 2, 2020): 3018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12103018.

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Mouse embryonic fibroblasts lacking D-3-phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase (Phgdh), which catalyzes the first step of de novo synthesis of l-serine, are particularly sensitive to depletion of extracellular L-serine. In these cells, depletion of l-serine leads to a rapid reduction of intracellular L-serine, cell growth arrest, and altered expression of a wide variety of genes. However, it remains unclear whether reduced availability of extracellular l-serine elicits such responses in other cell types expressing Phgdh. Here, we show in the mouse hepatoma cell line Hepa1-6 that extracellular l-serine depletion transiently induced transcriptional activation of Atf4-target genes, including cation transport regulator-like protein 1 (Chac1). Expression levels of these genes returned to normal 24 h after l-serine depletion, and were suppressed by the addition of l-serine or glycine in the medium. Extracellular l-serine depletion caused a reduction of extracellular and intracellular glycine levels but maintained intracellular l-serine levels in the cells. Further, Phgdh and serine hydroxymethyltransferase 2 (Shmt2) were upregulated after l-serine depletion. These results led us to conclude that the Atf4-mediated gene expression program is activated by extracellular l-serine depletion in Hepa1-6 cells expressing Phgdh, but is antagonized by the subsequent upregulation of l-serine synthesis, mainly from autonomous glycine consumption.

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14

de KONING, Tom J., Keith SNELL, Marinus DURAN, Ruud BERGER, Bwee-Tien POLL-THE, and Robert SURTEES. "l-Serine in disease and development." Biochemical Journal 371, no. 3 (May 1, 2003): 653–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj20021785.

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The amino acid l-serine, one of the so-called non-essential amino acids, plays a central role in cellular proliferation. l-Serine is the predominant source of one-carbon groups for the de novo synthesis of purine nucleotides and deoxythymidine monophosphate. It has long been recognized that, in cell cultures, l-serine is a conditional essential amino acid, because it cannot be synthesized in sufficient quantities to meet the cellular demands for its utilization. In recent years, l-serine and the products of its metabolism have been recognized not only to be essential for cell proliferation, but also to be necessary for specific functions in the central nervous system. The findings of altered levels of serine and glycine in patients with psychiatric disorders and the severe neurological abnormalities in patients with defects of l-serine synthesis underscore the importance of l-serine in brain development and function. This paper reviews these recent insights into the role of l-serine and the pathways of l-serine utilization in disease and during development, in particular of the central nervous system.

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15

Netzer, Roman, Petra Peters-Wendisch, Lothar Eggeling, and Hermann Sahm. "Cometabolism of a Nongrowth Substrate: l-Serine Utilization by Corynebacterium glutamicum." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 70, no. 12 (December 2004): 7148–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.70.12.7148-7155.2004.

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ABSTRACT Despite its key position in central metabolism, l-serine does not support the growth of Corynebacterium glutamicum. Nevertheless, during growth on glucose, l-serine is consumed at rates up to 19.4 ± 4.0 nmol min−1 (mg [dry weight])−1, resulting in the complete consumption of 100 mM l-serine in the presence of 100 mM glucose and an increased growth yield of about 20%. Use of 13C-labeled l-serine and analysis of cellularly derived metabolites by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy revealed that the carbon skeleton of l-serine is mainly converted to pyruvate-derived metabolites such as l-alanine. The sdaA gene was identified in the genome of C. glutamicum, and overexpression of sdaA resulted in (i) functional l-serine dehydratase (l-SerDH) activity, and therefore conversion of l-serine to pyruvate, and (ii) growth of the recombinant strain on l-serine as the single substrate. In contrast, deletion of sdaA decreased the l-serine cometabolism rate with glucose by 47% but still resulted in degradation of l-serine to pyruvate. Cystathionine β-lyase was additionally found to convert l-serine to pyruvate, and the respective metC gene was induced 2.4-fold under high internal l-serine concentrations. Upon sdaA overexpression, the growth rate on glucose is reduced 36% from that of the wild type, illustrating that even with glucose as a single substrate, intracellular l-serine conversion to pyruvate might occur, although probably the weak affinity of l-SerDH (apparent Km , 11 mM) prevents substantial l-serine degradation.

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16

Verdaguer, N., I. Fita, and J. A. Subirana. "Molecular structure of l-lysyl-l-tyrosyl-l-serine acetate." International Journal of Biological Macromolecules 12, no. 5 (October 1990): 315–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0141-8130(90)90021-2.

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17

Ramotar, D., and E. B. Newman. "An estimate of the extent of deamination of L-serine in auxotrophs of Escherichia coli K-12." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 32, no. 11 (November 1, 1986): 842–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/m86-155.

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We have shown that serine–glycine auxotrophs of Escherichia coli K-12 use exogenous L-serine inefficiently as a source of biosynthetic intermediates. Much of the L-serine supplied in the medium is not used to satisfy the auxotrophic requirement, owing to its diversion by L-serine deaminase, presumably to pyruvate. This is the first proof that the activity known as L-serine deaminase actually deaminates L-serine in vivo.

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18

Kubota, Koji, and Kenzo Yokozeki. "Production of l-serine from glycine by Corynebacterium glycinophilum and properties of serine hydroxymethyltransferase, a key enzyme in l-serine production." Journal of Fermentation and Bioengineering 67, no. 6 (January 1989): 387–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0922-338x(89)90045-7.

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19

Brassier, A., V. Valayannopoulos, N. Bahi-Buisson, Elsa Wiame, L. Hubert, N. Boddaert, A. Kaminska, et al. "Two new cases of serine deficiency disorders treated with l-serine." European Journal of Paediatric Neurology 20, no. 1 (January 2016): 53–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpn.2015.10.007.

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20

Peters-Wendisch, Petra, Michael Stolz, Helga Etterich, Nicole Kennerknecht, Hermann Sahm, and Lothar Eggeling. "Metabolic Engineering of Corynebacterium glutamicum for l-Serine Production." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 71, no. 11 (November 2005): 7139–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.71.11.7139-7144.2005.

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ABSTRACT Although l-serine proceeds in just three steps from the glycolytic intermediate 3-phosphoglycerate, and as much as 8% of the carbon assimilated from glucose is directed via l-serine formation, previous attempts to obtain a strain producing l-serine from glucose have not been successful. We functionally identified the genes serC and serB from Corynebacterium glutamicum, coding for phosphoserine aminotransferase and phosphoserine phosphatase, respectively. The overexpression of these genes, together with the third biosynthetic serA gene, serA Δ 197, encoding an l-serine-insensitive 3-phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase, yielded only traces of l-serine, as did the overexpression of these genes in a strain with the l-serine dehydratase gene sdaA deleted. However, reduced expression of the serine hydroxymethyltransferase gene glyA, in combination with the overexpression of serA Δ 197, serC, and serB, resulted in a transient accumulation of up to 16 mM l-serine in the culture medium. When sdaA was also deleted, the resulting strain, C. glutamicum ΔsdaA::pK18mobglyA′(pEC-T18mob2serA Δ197 CB), accumulated up to 86 mM l-serine with a maximal specific productivity of 1.2 mmol h−1 g (dry weight)−1. This illustrates a high rate of l-serine formation and also utilization in the C. glutamicum wild type. Therefore, metabolic engineering of l-serine production from glucose can be achieved only by addressing the apparent key position of this amino acid in the central metabolism.

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21

Fuchs, Thomas, and Richard R. Schmidt. "Synthesis of Nojirimycinyl C-(l)-Serine." Synthesis 2000, no. 02 (2000): 259–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-2000-6251.

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22

GARIANI, LUTFI S., and J. PAUL G. MALTHOUSE. "Biosynthesis of isotopically enriched l-serine." Biochemical Society Transactions 16, no. 2 (April 1, 1988): 179–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bst0160179.

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23

Churakov, Andrei V., Petr V. Prikhodchenko, Judith A. K. Howard, and Ovadia Lev. "Glycine and l-serine crystalline perhydrates." Chemical Communications, no. 28 (2009): 4224. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b906801e.

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24

Drebushchak, Tatiana N., Heidrun Sowa, Yuryi V. Seryotkin, Elena V. Boldyreva, and Hans Ahsbahs. "L-Serine III at 8.0 GPa." Acta Crystallographica Section E Structure Reports Online 62, no. 9 (August 23, 2006): o4052—o4054. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600536806032508.

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25

Schmél, Zoltán, and Zoltán Kupihár. "N-(9-Fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl)-L-serine Amide." Molecules 5, no. 12 (July 10, 2000): M162. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/m162.

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26

Smolin, Yu I., A. E. Lapshin, and G. A. Pankova. "Crystal structure of L-serine phosphate." Crystallography Reports 50, no. 1 (January 2005): 58–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/1.1857246.

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27

Velayudhan, Jyoti, Michael A. Jones, Paul A. Barrow, and David J. Kelly. "l-Serine Catabolism via an Oxygen-Labile l-Serine Dehydratase Is Essential for Colonization of the Avian Gut by Campylobacter jejuni." Infection and Immunity 72, no. 1 (January 2004): 260–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.72.1.260-268.2004.

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ABSTRACT Campylobacter jejuni is a microaerophilic, asaccharolytic bacterium. The identity of the carbon and energy sources used by C. jejuni in vivo is unknown, but the genome sequence of strain NCTC11168 indicates the presence of genes for catabolism of a limited range of amino acids, including serine. Specific omission of l-serine from a defined medium containing a mixture of amino acids led to a dramatic decrease in cell yields. As C. jejuni does not have a biosynthetic serine requirement, this supports earlier suggestions that l-serine is a preferentially catabolized amino acid. Serine transport was found to be mediated by at least two systems in strain 11168; a high-capacity, low-affinity l-serine-specific system encoded by Cj1625c (sdaC) and a higher-affinity l-serine/l-threonine system responsible for residual l-serine transport in an sdaC mutant. Catabolism of l-serine to pyruvate and ammonia is carried out by SdaA (encoded by Cj1624c), which was overexpressed, purified, and shown to be an oxygen-labile iron-sulfur enzyme. l-Serine dehydratase activity in an sdaA mutant was reduced 10-fold compared to that in the wild type, but the residual activity (due to the anabolic l-threonine dehydratase) could not support either growth on or utilization of l-serine in defined media. However, although sdaA mutants showed no obvious growth defect in complex media, they completely failed to colonize 3-week-old chickens as assayed both by cloacal swabs taken over a 6-week period and by cecal colony counts postmortem. In contrast, the isogenic parent strain colonized chickens to high levels within 1 week of inoculation. The results show that an active SdaA is essential for colonization of the avian gut by C. jejuni and imply that catabolism of l-serine is crucially important for the growth of this bacterium in vivo.

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28

Laurido, Claudio, Alejandro Hernández, Teresa Pelissier, and Luis Constandil. "Antinociceptive Effect of Rat D-Serine Racemase Inhibitors, L-Serine-O-Sulfate, and L-Erythro-3-Hydroxyaspartate in an Arthritic Pain Model." Scientific World Journal 2012 (2012): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1100/2012/279147.

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N-methyl-D-aspartic acid receptor (NMDAr) activation requires the presence of D-serine, synthesized from L-serine by a pyridoxal 5′-phosphate-dependent serine racemase (SR). D-serine levels can be lowered by inhibiting the racemization of L-serine. L-serine-O-sulfate (LSOS) and L-erythro-3-hydroxyaspartate (LEHA), among others, have proven to be effective in reducing the D-serine levels in culture cells. It is tempting then to try these compounds in their effectiveness to decrease nociceptive levels in rat arthritic pain. We measured the C-reflex paradigm and wind-up potentiation in the presence of intrathecally injected LSOS (100 μg/10 μL) and LEHA (100 μg/10 μL) in normal and monoarthritic rats. Both compounds decreased the wind-up activity in normal and monoarthritic rats. Accordingly, all the antinociceptive effects were abolished when 300 μg/10 μL of D-serine were injected intrathecally. Since noin vivoresults have been presented so far, this constitutes the first evidence that SR inhibitions lower the D-serine levels, thus decreasing the NMDAr activity and the consequent development and maintenance of chronic pain.

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29

Střı́šovský, Kvido, Jana Jirásková, Cyril Bařinka, Pavel Majer, Camilo Rojas, Barbara S. Slusher, and Jan Konvalinka. "Mouse brain serine racemase catalyzes specific elimination of L -serine to pyruvate." FEBS Letters 535, no. 1-3 (December 21, 2002): 44–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0014-5793(02)03855-3.

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30

Nozaki, Hiroyuki, Shinji Kuroda, Kunihiko Watanabe, and Kenzo Yokozeki. "Purification and Gene Cloning of α-Methylserine Aldolase from Ralstonia sp. Strain AJ110405 and Application of the Enzyme in the Synthesis of α-Methyl-l-Serine." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 74, no. 24 (October 24, 2008): 7596–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.00677-08.

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ABSTRACT By screening microorganisms that are capable of assimilating α-methyl-dl-serine, we detected α-methylserine aldolase in Ralstonia sp. strain AJ110405, Variovorax paradoxus AJ110406, and Bosea sp. strain AJ110407. A homogeneous form of this enzyme was purified from Ralstonia sp. strain AJ110405, and the gene encoding the enzyme was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli. The enzyme appeared to be a homodimer consisting of identical subunits, and its molecular mass was found to be 47 kDa. It contained 0.7 to 0.8 mol of pyridoxal 5′-phosphate per mol of subunit and could catalyze the interconversion of α-methyl-l-serine to l-alanine and formaldehyde in the absence of tetrahydrofolate. Formaldehyde was generated from α-methyl-l-serine but not from α-methyl-d-serine, l-serine, or d-serine. α-Methyl-l-serine synthesis activity was detected when l-alanine was used as the substrate. In contrast, no activity was detected when d-alanine was used as the substrate. In the α-methyl-l-serine synthesis reaction, the enzymatic activity was inhibited by an excess amount of formaldehyde, which was one of the substrates. We used cells of E. coli as a whole-cell catalyst to express the gene encoding α-methylserine aldolase and effectively obtained a high yield of optically pure α-methyl-l-serine using l-alanine and formaldehyde.

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31

Kolesnik, E. N., S. V. Goryainov, and E. V. Boldyreva. "Different Behavior of L- and DL-Serine Crystals at High Pressures: Phase Transitions in L-Serine and Stability of the DL-Serine Structure." Doklady Physical Chemistry 404, no. 1-3 (September 2005): 169–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10634-005-0052-1.

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32

Abe, Takato, Masataka Suzuki, Jumpei Sasabe, Shinichi Takahashi, Miyuki Unekawa, Kyoko Mashima, Takuya Iizumi, et al. "Cellular Origin and Regulation of D-and L-Serine in in Vitro and in Vivo Models of Cerebral Ischemia." Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism 34, no. 12 (October 8, 2014): 1928–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/jcbfm.2014.164.

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D-Serine is known to be essential for the activation of the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor in the excitation of glutamatergic neurons, which have critical roles in long-term potentiation and memory formation. D-Serine is also thought to be involved in NMDA receptor-mediated neurotoxicity. The deletion of serine racemase (SRR), which synthesizes D-Serine from L-Serine, was recently reported to improve ischemic damage in mouse middle cerebral artery occlusion model. However, the cell type in which this phenomenon originates and the regulatory mechanism for D-/L-Serine remain elusive. The D-/L-Serine content in ischemic brain increased until 20 hours after recanalization and then leveled off gradually. The results of in vitro experiments using cultured cells suggested that D-Serine is derived from neurons, while L-Serine seems to be released from astroglia. Immunohistochemistry studies of brain tissue after cerebral ischemia showed that SRR is expressed in neurons, and 3-phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase (3-PGDH), which synthesizes L-Serine from 3-phosphoglycerate, is located in astrocytes, supporting the results of the in vitro experiments. A western blot analysis showed that neither SRR nor 3-PGDH was upregulated after cerebral ischemia. Therefore, the increase in D-/L-Serine was not related to an increase in SRR or 3-PGDH, but to an increase in the substrates of SRR and 3-PGDH.

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Arkhipov, Sergey, Boris Zakharov, and Elena Boldyreva. "High pressure studies of L-Serine-L-Ascorbic acid co-crystal." Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations and Advances 70, a1 (August 5, 2014): C988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2053273314090111.

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"Experiments for studying crystalline materials under extreme conditions are a powerful tool for investigating ""structure-property"" relationships. They also give information on the behavior of hydrogen bonds and are important both for materials science and crystal engineering. In addition, many processes in the living organisms are also related to mechanical stress. One of the most interesting tasks is to identify factors which influence the stability of a structure, or a part of the structure, at high pressure. Experiments on the systematic study of compounds in a wide range of pressures allow us to accumulate data that can be used to solve this problem. For a more complete picture, the mixed crystals of the selected compound are studied. Investigation of mixed crystals and cocrystals of interest can be compared with the crystals of individual compounds. We have chosen the structure of L-serine - L-ascorbic acid to be compared with those of L-serine and L-ascorbic acids for such a study. Phase transitions were previously reported to be induced by increasing pressure in both L-serine [1] and L-ascorbic acid [2]; moreover, the structure of L-serine was followed at multiple pressures by single-crystal and powder X-ray diffraction[3]. L-serine – L-ascorbic acid co-crystal was studied in the pressure range 0-5.4 GPa (at multiple points at every 0.5-0.7 GPa) by single-crystal X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy. A phase transition has been detected and some rearrangement in the network of hydrogen bonds was observed. The high pressure data were compared with those for the individual structures of the L-serine and L-ascorbic acid. This work was supported by RFBR (grants 12–03-31541, 14-03-31866, 13-03-92704, 14-03-00902 ), Ministry of Science and Education of Russia and Russian Academy of Sciences."

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Ward, P. F. V., and D. W. T. Crompton. "Linked metabolism of L-serine and L-alanine by Moniliformis moniliformis (Acanthocephala) in vitro." Parasitology 93, no. 2 (October 1986): 333–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182000051490.

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SUMMARYExperiments to investigate the linked metabolism of L-serine and L-alanine by Moniliformis moniliformis in vitro were carried out by incubating adult worms aerobically for 3 h at 37 °C in Tyrode’s solution containing L-[U-14C]alanine and other amino acids. When present in the medium alone, alanine was totally removed by the worms and metabolized almost entirely to ethanol and a compound identified as carbon dioxide. When present in the medium with serine and no other amino acids, alanine was largely metabolized as before but additional alanine, believed to originate from serine, was excreted. The same results were obtained with serine and 16 other amino acids in the incubation medium.

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Sethuraman, Rama, Malathi G. Krishnamoorthy, Tat-Leang Lee, Eugene Hern C. Liu, Siau Chiang, Wataru Nishimura, Masato Sakai, Toshiaki Minami, and Shinro Tachibana. "Simultaneous Analysis of d- and l-Serine in Cerebrospinal Fluid by Use of HPLC." Clinical Chemistry 53, no. 8 (August 1, 2007): 1489–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1373/clinchem.2007.086702.

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Abstract Background: d-Serine is a coagonist for the glycine-binding site of the N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors and has been implicated in various neuropsychiatric functions such as learning, memory, and nociception, as well as schizophrenia and Alzheimer disease. We developed an HPLC method for d- and l-serine in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Methods: The dabsylated racemic serine peak, automatically collected using a previously reported HPLC separation process for CSF amino acids, was desalted and subjected to a chiral resolution HPLC step with a Sumichiral column using an ultraviolet-visible detector. Results: The limits of quantification (signal-to-noise ratio = 10) for d- and l-serine were 0.8 and 1.3 μmol/L, respectively. The mean imprecision values (CVs) for within-day measurements of d- and l-serine were 2.1% and 1.8%, respectively, and for between-day were 6.2% and 6.6%. Mean recovery of CSF serine (sum of d-serine + l-serine) applied to the Sumichiral column was 87%. The mean (SD) d-serine concentrations in 45 CSF samples obtained from 16 patients with chronic pain due to degenerative osteoarthritis of the knees, 16 with postherpetic neuralgia, and 13 with no pain were, respectively, 3.97 (0.44), 1.85 (0.21), and 2.72 (0.32) μmol/L. Conclusion: d- and l-serine can be quantified with ultraviolet-visible detection of dabsyl derivatives. The dabsyl derivatives are stable and allow duplicate analysis of CSF samples in multisample runs.

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Stolz, Michael, Petra Peters-Wendisch, Helga Etterich, Tanja Gerharz, Robert Faurie, Hermann Sahm, Holger Fersterra, and Lothar Eggeling. "Reduced Folate Supply as a Key to Enhanced l-Serine Production by Corynebacterium glutamicum." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 73, no. 3 (December 1, 2006): 750–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.02208-06.

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ABSTRACT The amino acid l-serine is required for pharmaceutical purposes, and the availability of a sugar-based microbial process for its production is desirable. However, a number of intracellular utilization routes prevent overproduction of l-serine, with the essential serine hydroxymethyltransferase (SHMT) (glyA) probably occupying a key position. We found that constructs of Corynebacterium glutamicum strains where chromosomal glyA expression is dependent on P tac and lacI Q are unstable, acquiring mutations in lacI Q, for instance. To overcome the inconvenient glyA expression control, we instead considered controlling SHMT activity by the availability of 5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate (THF). The pabAB and pabC genes of THF synthesis were identified and deleted in C. glutamicum, and the resulting strains were shown to require folate or 4-aminobenzoate for growth. Whereas the C. glutamicum ΔsdaA strain (pserACB) accumulates only traces of l-serine, with the C. glutamicum ΔpabABCΔsdaA strain (pserACB), l-serine accumulation and growth responded in a dose-dependent manner to an external folate supply. At 0.1 mM folate, 81 mM l-serine accumulated. In a 20-liter controlled fed-batch culture, a 345 mM l-serine accumulation was achieved. Thus, an efficient and highly competitive process for microbial l-serine production is available.

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Hashimoto, Kenji, Taisuke Yoshida, Masatomo Ishikawa, Yuko Fujita, Tomihisa Niitsu, Michiko Nakazato, Hiroyuki Watanabe, et al. "Increased serum levels of serine enantiomers in patients with depression." Acta Neuropsychiatrica 28, no. 3 (October 29, 2015): 173–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/neu.2015.59.

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ObjectiveGlutamatergic neurotransmission via the N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor is integral to the pathophysiology of depression. This study was performed to examine whether amino acids related to NMDA receptor neurotransmission are altered in the serum of patients with depression.MethodWe measured the serum levels of d-serine, l-serine, glycine, glutamate and glutamine in patients with depression (n=70), and age-matched healthy subjects (n=78).ResultsSerum levels of d-serine and l-serine in patients with depression were significantly higher than those of healthy controls (p<0.001). In contrast, serum levels of glycine, glutamate and glutamine did not differ between the two groups. Interestingly, the ratio of l-serine to glycine in patients was significantly higher than that of healthy controls (p<0.001).ConclusionThis study suggests that serine enantiomers may be peripheral biomarkers for depression, and that abnormality in the d-serine-l-serine-glycine cycle plays a role in the pathophysiology of depression.

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., A. Al-Kadeeb Siham. "L-Serine Dehydratase Formation in Fusarium moniliforme." Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences 7, no. 7 (June 15, 2004): 1181–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/pjbs.2004.1181.1185.

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Cantacuzène, Danièle, Sandra Attal, and Sylvie Bay. "Stereospecific Chemoenzymatic systhesis of galactopyranosyl-L-serine." Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters 1, no. 4 (January 1991): 197–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0960-894x(00)80251-6.

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Sousa, Carlos A. D., Clara Pereira, José E. Rodríguez-Borges, and Cristina Freire. "l-Serine functionalized clays: Preparation and characterization." Polyhedron 102 (December 2015): 121–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.poly.2015.08.008.

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Bulman Page, Philip C., Ross L. Goodyear, Yohan Chan, Alexandra M. Z. Slawin, and Steven M. Allin. "Formal synthesis of (+)-lactacystin from l-serine." RSC Advances 9, no. 51 (2019): 30019–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9ra07244f.

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Chen, Shui-Tein, and Kung-Tsung Wang. "A New Synthesis ofO-Benzyl-L-serine." Synthesis 1989, no. 01 (1989): 36–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-1989-27138.

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Suga, T., and N. Okabe. "Aqua(L-O-serine phosphato)calcium(II)." Acta Crystallographica Section C Crystal Structure Communications 52, no. 8 (August 15, 1996): 1894–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0108270196002648.

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Kaur, Gurpreet, and Vikas. "Mechanisms for d–l interconversion in serine." Tetrahedron Letters 56, no. 1 (January 2015): 142–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tetlet.2014.11.042.

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Tri, Dang Nguyen. "D,L-SERINE BASED pH-SENSITIVE OLIGOESTER." Vietnam Journal of Science and Technology 54, no. 5A (March 22, 2018): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.15625/2525-2518/54/5a/12060.

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In recent years, pH/temperature-sensitive polymers have attracted increasing attention as drug/protein delivery systems. In this study, the main objective was to synthesize a pH-sensitive oligoester. The oligoester was synthesized by condensation reaction from carboxylic and hydroxyl groups of D,L-Serine, which had been previously modified with benezenesulfonyl chloride in order to create sulfonamides as pH sensitive groups. Various molecular weights of the oligoesters were obtained by means of manipulating the mole ratio of N,N'-Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC)/Serine (DCC acts as a coupling agent) and the Dimethylformamide (DMF)/Serine (v/w) ratio (DMF acts as solvent). The synthesized oligoesters were characterized by 1H-NMR and their molecular weights were measured by gel permeation chromatography (GPC). Also, the pKa values of pH-sensitive oligoesters were obtained by the titration method. This pH dependent property of the polymers could be very useful for preparing drug carriers that are sensitive to pH environment.

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Baba, Naomichi, Akihiro Aoishi, Yasutami Shigeta, Shuhei Nakajima, Takao Kaneko, Mitsuyoshi Matsuo, and Sakayu Shimizu. "Chemoenzymatic Synthesis of Phosphatidyl-L-serine Hydroperoxide." Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry 58, no. 10 (January 1994): 1927–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1271/bbb.58.1927.

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47

van de Mortel, E. L. M., Z. A. Shen, J. F. Barnett, L. Krsmanovic, A. Myhre, and B. F. Delaney. "Toxicology studies with N-acetyl-l-serine." Food and Chemical Toxicology 48, no. 8-9 (August 2010): 2193–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2010.05.045.

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48

Neame, Samah, Hazem Safory, Inna Radzishevsky, Ayelet Touitou, Francesco Marchesani, Marialaura Marchetti, Shai Kellner, et al. "The NMDA receptor activation by d-serine and glycine is controlled by an astrocytic Phgdh-dependent serine shuttle." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 116, no. 41 (September 23, 2019): 20736–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1909458116.

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Astrocytes express the 3-phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase (Phgdh) enzyme required for the synthesis of l-serine from glucose. Astrocytic l-serine was proposed to regulate NMDAR activity by shuttling to neurons to sustain d-serine production, but this hypothesis remains untested. We now report that inhibition of astrocytic Phgdh suppressed the de novo synthesis of l-and d-serine and reduced the NMDAR synaptic potentials and long-term potentiation (LTP) at the Schaffer collaterals-CA1 synapse. Likewise, enzymatic removal of extracellular l-serine impaired LTP, supporting an l-serine shuttle mechanism between glia and neurons in generating the NMDAR coagonist d-serine. Moreover, deletion of serine racemase (SR) in glutamatergic neurons abrogated d-serine synthesis to the same extent as Phgdh inhibition, suggesting that neurons are the predominant source of the newly synthesized d-serine. We also found that the synaptic NMDAR activation in adult SR-knockout (KO) mice requires Phgdh-derived glycine, despite the sharp decline in the postnatal glycine levels as a result of the emergence of the glycine cleavage system. Unexpectedly, we also discovered that glycine regulates d-serine metabolism by a dual mechanism. The first consists of tonic inhibition of SR by intracellular glycine observed in vitro, primary cultures, and in vivo microdialysis. The second involves a transient glycine-induce d-serine release through the Asc-1 transporter, an effect abolished in Asc-1 KO mice and diminished by deleting SR in glutamatergic neurons. Our observations suggest that glycine is a multifaceted regulator of d-serine metabolism and implicate both d-serine and glycine in mediating NMDAR synaptic activation at the mature hippocampus through a Phgdh-dependent shuttle mechanism.

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Yoshida, Toyokazu, Tairo Hagishita, Toshio Mitsunaga, and Yoshikazu Izumi. "l-Serine synthesis using the resting Hyphomicrobium sp. NCIB10099 cells under suppressive conditions for l-serine-degrading activity." Journal of Fermentation and Bioengineering 79, no. 2 (January 1995): 181–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0922-338x(95)94090-e.

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Jiang, Wei, Bingzhao Xia, Junjie Huang, and Ziduo Liu. "Characterization of a serine hydroxymethyltransferase for l-serine enzymatic production from Pseudomonas plecoglossicida." World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology 29, no. 11 (August 3, 2013): 2067–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11274-013-1370-9.

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