Academic literature on the topic 'L.D. Nathan Group of Companies'

Purpose. To investigate factors with a significant relationship with the absence of musculoskeletal disease (MSD: osteoporosis, knee osteoarthritis (K-OA), and lumbar spondylosis (L-OA)) in elderly people ≥70 years old. Methods. The subjects were 279 people (134 males, 145 females, mean age: 75.2 years) who attended an annual health checkup and were prospectively included in the study. Osteoporosis was defined as %YAM ≤70%, K-OA as Kellgren–Lawrence grade ≥2, and L-OA as osteophytes of Nathan class ≥3. Subjects were divided into those with (group D) and without (group N) any MSD. Clinical variables including locomotive syndrome (LS), frailty, sarcopenia, and QOL (SF-36) were compared between the groups. Results. There was no significant difference in age or gender between group N (n=54) and group D (n=225). Lower BMI and pain, including neuropathic pain; greater back muscle strength, physical ability, and balance with eyes closed; larger lumbar lordosis, sacral inclination, and lumbar ROM; and smaller spinal inclination were found in group N. The rates of LS and sarcopenia were significantly lower and QOL was significantly higher in group N. Conclusions. This study firstly revealed the significant musculoskeletal factors and geriatric syndromes related to an absence of MSD, which may form the basis of interventions to improve QOL in elderly people ≥70 years old.

Abstract Sarcomas encompass a group of malignant diseases arising from mesenchymal origins. Given their rarity and diversity, a fundamental understanding of the genomic underpinnings for many sarcoma subtypes is still lacking. Studies are often limited to one or several of the more common subtypes or a narrow evaluation of a broader sampling. We therefore report on one of the largest comprehensive omics evaluation in sarcomas to date, including whole exome sequencing (WES; n = 1170) and RNA-sequencing (n = 983) of tissues from 29 different sarcoma histologic subtypes collected at 13 institutions in the US as part of the Oncology Research Information Exchange Network (ORIEN). We identified recurrent somatic mutations previously identified in sarcomas (e.g. TP53, KIT) as well as other cancer types (e.g. BRCA1). The burden of putatively pathogenic driver point mutations was higher in metastatic samples (median = 3) as compared to primary tumor samples (median = 2; p < 0.001). We observed frequent copy number alterations including whole genome doubling more commonly in metastatic compared to primary tumors (23.4% vs. 16.9%; p = 0.0.25). Inspection of gene expression dimensionality reduction (UMAP) showed separation of gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs), leiomyosarcomas, myxoid liposarcomas, and well/de-differentiated liposarcomas from the other histologies. Differential expression analysis for these four histologies with gene set enrichment analysis highlights the diversity of disease-specific pathways and need for sarcoma subtype-specific translational focus. Estimation of immune cell abundances based on RNA-seq followed by hierarchical clustering identified five immune subtypes. The subtypes ranged from low (clusters A, B) to high (clusters D, E) immune infiltration with higher abundance of T, B, Natural Killer (NK), and myeloid cells (FDR < 0.01). Intermediate immune group C was predominantly composed by GISTs and marked by an enrichment for NK cells (FDR < 0.01) compared to all groups except the immune “hot” group E; however, this immune group exhibited modest infiltration by other immune cell types. Notably, we observed significant differences in the overall survival of patients with sarcomas in immune enriched (C, D, E) compared to immune depleted clusters (A, B; p = 0.002). In summary, we report the genomic and expressional landscape of over 1000 sarcomas, representing one of the largest comprehensive profiling efforts in this disease. We identify the mutational and copy number variation landscape and observe differences between primary and metastatic samples. We highlight expression pathways that are enriched in histologic subtypes that cluster most distinctly from others, providing a subtype-specific roadmap for further translational efforts. Finally, we define immune enriched or depleted sarcoma subgroupings that carry a prognostic impact. Citation Format: Alex C. Soupir, Oscar E. Ospina, Dale Hedges, Jamie K. Teer, Michael D. Radmacher, David M. McKean, Nathan Seligson, Martin McCarter, Breelyn Wilkey, Greg Riedlinger, John Groundland, Benjamin J. Miller, Bryan Schneider, Reema Patel, Abdul Rafeh-Naqash, Stephen Edge, Bodour Salhia, Chris Moskaluk, Maggy Johns, Michelle L. Churchman, Oliver Hampton, David Liebner, Brooke L. Fridley, Andrew S. Brohl. Genomic landscape and estimation of immune infiltration of soft tissue sarcoma histology subtypes from the ORIEN network [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2024; Part 1 (Regular Abstracts); 2024 Apr 5-10; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(6_Suppl):Abstract nr 3928.

The multiple factors that define and relate service quality and customer or consumer satisfaction have served as the basis for the development of several multidimensional models that have allowed the study of this important issue. The level of research that will be used in this work is the explanatory levelbecause it is intended to evaluate the role of innovation in the design of the service quality improvement plan and its impact on customer satisfaction. As a case study, the M7D model was applied to two national banks. Among other results, national banks obtained 83.5% compliance with the M7D model, the dimensions with the best performance are customer satisfaction, organization, processes and social responsibility. While, medium-sized banks have a compliance level of 62.7% with the M7D model, the dimensions with the best performance are customer satisfaction, Social responsibility and leadership. It is concluded that banks must innovate at the level of preparation and training of human resources and adequacy. Keywords: quality of service, customer satisfaction, models, innovation References [1]Silva-Treviño J. C., Macías-Hernández B. A., Tello-Leal E., Jesús Gerardo Delgado-Rivas (2021) Ciencia UAT. 15(2): 85-101. [2]Mora Contreras C. E.(2011) REMark - Revista Brasileira de Marketing, São Paulo, v. 10, n. 2, p 146-162, mai./ago. 2011. [3]Bustamante, J. C. (2015). Uso de variables mediadoras y moderadoras en la explicación de la lealtad del consumidor en ambientes de servicios. Estudios Gerenciales. 31(136): 299-309. [4]Lai, C. and Nguyen, M. (2017). Factors affecting service quality, customer satisfaction and loyalty of mobile phone servi-ce providers in Vietnam. International Journal of Organizatio-nal Innovation. 10(2): 75-85. [5]Ahrholdt, D. C., Gudergan, S. P., and Ringle, C. M. (2017). Enhancing service loyalty: The roles of delight, satisfaction, and service quality. Journal of Travel Research. 56(4): 436-450. [6]Blut, M., Frennea, C. M., Mittal, V., and Mothersbaugh, D. L. (2015). How procedural, financial and relational switching costs affect customer satisfaction,repurchase intentions, and repurchase behavior: A meta-analysis. International Journal of Re- search in Marketing. 32(2): 226-229. [7]Kasiri, L. A., Guan-Cheng, K. T., Sambasivan, M., and Sidin, S. M. (2017). Integration of standardization and customization: Impact on service quality, customer satisfaction, and loyalty. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services. 35: 91-97. [8]Bilderbeek, R y otros. Services en Innovation: Knowledge Intensive Business Services (KIBS) as Co-producers of Innovation. En SI14S Project. SI14SSynthesis Papers nro. 3. STEP Group, 1998. [9]Parasuraman, V; Zeithaml, A; Berry, L. SERVQUAL: A Multiple Item Scale for Measuring Costumer Perceptions of Service Quality. Journal of Retailing.Vol 64, Nro 1. Spring. pp. 12-40, 1998. [10]Puente, Raquel. Del mercadeo de servicios a la gerencia de servicios. Revista Debates IESA. Vol. X. Nro. 3. Caracas. pp. 13-16, 2005. [11]Santarelli, E; Piergiovanni, R. Analyzing literature based innovation output indicators: the Italian experience. Research Policy. Vol 25. pp. 689-711, 1996. [12] ACSI, American Customer Satisfaction Index (2018). Customer satisfaction reports. American Customer Satisfaction In-dex. [Online]. Available:https://www.theacsi.org/news-and -resources/customer-satisfaction-reports/reports-2018. [13]Azman, I. and Yusrizal, S. (2016). Service quality as a predictor of satisfaction and customer loyalty. Scientific Journal of Logistics. 12(4): 269-283. [14]Aznar, J. P., Bagur, L., and Rocafort, A. (2016). Impact of service quality on competitiveness and profitability: The hotel industry in the Catalan coast. Intangible Capital. 12(1): 147-166. [15]Cronin, J., Morris, M. H., and Taylor, S. (1994). Servperf vs. Servqual: reconciling performance based and perceptions minus expectations measurement of service quality. Journal of Marketing. 58(1): 125-131. [16]El-Adly, M. I. (2019). Modelling the relationship between hotel perceived value, customer satisfaction, and customer loyalty. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services. 50: 322-332. [17]Guesalaga, R. and Pitta, D. (2014). The importance and formalization of service quality dimensions: a comparison of Chile and the USA. Journal of Consumer Marketing. 31(2): 145-151. [18]Kumar, V. and Hundal, B. S. (2019). Evaluating the service quality of solar product companies using SERVQUAL model. In- ternational Journal of Energy Sector Management. 13(3): 670-693. [19]Shi, Y., Prentice, C., and He, W. (2014). Linking service quality, customer satisfaction and loyalty in casinos, does membership matter. International Journal of Hospitality Management. 40: 81-91. [20]Tomaz-de-Aquino, J., Valença-de-Souza, J., Lima da Silva, V., Jerônimo, T., and Melo, F. (2018). Factors that influence the quality of services providedby the bus rapid transit system. Ben-chmarking: An International Journal. 25(9): 4035-4057. [21]López, L. I. y Díaz, J. D. (2012). Propuesta metodológica para la gestión del cliente. Mercados y Negocios. 25(13): 5-20. [22]Michna, A. (2018). The mediating role of firm innovativeness in the relationship between knowledge sharing and custo- mer satisfaction in SMEs. Engineering Economics 29(1): 93-103. [23]Jain, P. and Aggarwal, V. S. (2017). The effect of perceived service quality on customer satisfaction and customer loyalty in organized retail chains. Amity Business Review. 18(2): 77-89. [24]Palese, B. and Usai, A. (2018). The relative importance of service quality dimensions in E-commerce experiences. Inter- national Journal of Information Management. 40: 132-140. [25]Zhang, S. and Hou, Y. (2013). A SERVQUAL model for assess- ment of service quality in supply chain. Information Technology Journal. 12(15): 3472-3475. [26]Duque, E. (2005). Revisión del concepto de calidad del servicio y sus modelos de medición. Revista Innovar, 25(ene-jun), 64-80. [27]Falk, T., Hammerschimdt, M., & Schepers, J. (2010). The service quality-satisfaction link revisted: asymmetries and dynamics. Journal of the Academy ofMarketing Science, 38(3), 288-302. [28]Arzola, Minerva; Mejías, Agustín Modelo conceptual para gestionar la innovación en las empresas del sector servicios Revista Venezolana de Gerencia, vol. 12, núm. 37, enero-marzo, 2007, pp. 80-98. [29]González, A., & Brea, F. (2006). Relación entre la calidad del servicio y la satisfacción del consumidor: Su evaluación en el ámbito del turismo termal.Investigaciones Europeas de Dirección y Economía de la Empresa, 12(1): 251-272. [30]Olorunniwo, F.; Hsu, M.K., and Udo, G.J. (2006). Service Quality, customer satisfaction, and behavioral intentions in the service factory. Journal ofServices Marketing, 20(1), 59-72. [31]Morales S. V., and Hernández, A. (2004). Calidad y Satisfacción en los servicios: Conceptualización. Efedeportes Revista Digital, 10(73). [32]Olorunniwo, F.; Hsu, M.K., and Udo, G.J. (2006). Service Quality, customer satisfaction, and behavioral intentions in the service factory. Journal of Services Marketing, 20(1), 59-72. [33]Parasuraman, A.; Zeithalm, V., and Berry, L. (1988). SERVQUAL: A multiple-item scale for measuring consumer perceptions of service quality.Journal of Retailing, 64(1), 12-40. [34]Guadarrama Tavira, E.; Rosales Estrada, E. M. (2015) Marketing relacional: valor, satisfacción, lealtad y retención del cliente. análisis y reflexión teórica Ciencia y Sociedad, vol. 40, núm. 2. 307-340. [35]Bilderbeek, R y otros. Services en Innovation: Knowledge Intensive Business Services (KIBS) as Co-producers of Innovation. En SI14S Project. SI14SSynthesis Papers nro. 3. STEP Group, 1998. [36]Arzola M. (2007) ¿cómo medir la innovación en el sector servicios?: evidencia empírica en el sector financiero, Venezuela, UCT, 11, 45. 115-122.

We probed what are the sustainability initiatives of the selected Publicly Listed Companies in the Philippines that are advancing the pursuit of the UN Sustainable Development Goals, particularly on Good Health and Well-Being and Quality Education. Specifically, we mapped the sustainability programs implemented by the sample companies that are aligned with the 17 UN SDGs. We also determined if these UN SDGs are embedded and articulated in their corporate vision-mission statements. Then, we identified the explicit programs that were implemented by the selected firms that are advancing the pursuit of a few specific targets of SDG#3 and SDG#4. We anchored our study on the theories of Sustainable Development and Humanistic Management and used qualitative descriptive and exploratory research designs. We utilized purposive sampling to select the 20 Publicly Listed Companies based on four criteria. We employed content analysis to determine their specific programs from their Sustainability Reports and/or Annual Reports. Our numeral mapping analysis revealed that the average number of implemented programs related to the 17 UN SDGs by the sample corporations is 11(65%). Companies are pursuing all 17 SDGs while some implemented only six programs. Our data further showed that overall, 15 out of 20 (75%) corporations have articulated and embedded the essence of the UN SDGs either in their vision or mission or combined vision-mission statements. On SDG#3, our findings disclosed that all (100%) of the 20 sampled corporations implemented definite programs for "ending epidemics and communicable diseases" with specific reference to the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020. On SDG#3, our findings divulged that 13 out of the 20 (65%) sampled firms implemented specific programs that directly addressed the target of "achieving health coverage and wellness for all at all ages." On SDG#4, our results indicated that all (100%) of the 20 sample corporations have implemented programs on quality education. Our propositions that there are specific sustainability programs implemented by the selected Publicly Listed Companies that contributed to achieving Health and Well-Being, as well as Quality Education, were confirmed. We recommended including non-publicly listed companies across industries, increasing the sample size, and using of mixed method design in the methodology for a more rigorous investigation of the achievements and impact of SDG target indicators for future research. ReferencesApex Mining Co., Inc (2020). Sustainability Report. http://www.apexmines.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/2020-Sustainability-Report-Final.pdfAyala Land (2020). Integrated Report. https://ir.ayalaland.com.ph/wpcontent/uploads/2021/04/ALI-AR-2020-20210420_WEB-1.pdfBenedictus PP. XVI. (2007). 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Abstract Purpose: Latent Grade Group (GG) ≥2 prostate cancer can impact the performance of active surveillance (AS) protocols. To date, molecular biomarkers for AS have relied solely on RNA or protein. We trained and independently validated multimodal (mRNA abundance, DNA methylation, and DNA copy number) biomarkers that more accurately separate GG1 from GG≥2 cancers. Materials and Methods: Low- and intermediate-risk prostate cancer patients were assigned to training (n=333) and validation (n=202) cohorts. We profiled the abundance of 342 mRNAs, 100 DNA copy number aberration (CNA) loci and 14 hypermethylation sites at two locations per tumor. Using the training cohort with cross- validation, we evaluated methods for training classifiers of pathologic GG≥2 in centrally reviewed radical prostectomies (RPs). We trained two distinct classifiers, PRONTO-e and PRONTO-m, and validated them in an independent RP cohort. Results: PRONTO-e comprises 353 mRNA and CNA features. PRONTO-m includes 94 clinical, mRNAs, CNAs and methylation features at 14 and 12 loci, respectively. In independent validation, PRONTO-e and PRONTO-m predicted GG≥2 with respective true positive rates of 0.81 and 0.76, false positive rates of 0.43 and 0.26. Both classifiers were resistant to sampling error and identified more upgraded men than a well-validated pre-surgical risk calculator, CAPRA (p <0.001). Conclusions: Two GG classifiers with superior accuracy were developed by incorporating RNA and DNA features and validated in an independent cohort. Upon further validation in biopsy samples, classifiers with these performance characteristics could refine selection of men for AS, extending their treatment-free survival and intervals between surveillance. Citation Format: Anna Y. Lee, David M. Berman, Robert Lesurf, Palak G. Patel, Walead Ebrahimizadeh, Jane Bayani, Laura A. Lee, Nadia Boufaied, Shamini Selvarajah, Tamara Jamaspishvili, Karl-Philippe Guérard, Dan Dion, Atsunari Kawashima, Gina M. Clarke, Nathan How, Chelsea L. Jackson, Eleonora Scarlata, Khurram Siddiqui, John B.A. Okello, Armen G. Aprikian, Madeleine Moussa, Antonio Finelli, Joseph Chin, Fadi Brimo, Glenn Bauman, Andrew Loblaw, Vasundara Venkateswaran, Ralph Buttyan, Simone Chevalier, Axel Thomson, Paul C. Park, D. Robert Siemens, Jacques Lapointe, Paul C. Boutros, John M.S. Bartlett. Multimodal biomarkers that predict the presence of Gleason pattern 4: Potential impact for active surveillance [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference: Advances in Prostate Cancer Research; 2023 Mar 15-18; Denver, Colorado. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(11 Suppl):Abstract nr B046.

Various controversies are present along with the issuance of the omnibus law with its copyright law. The presence of this regulation revokes at least 80 other special laws, one of which is the Limited Liability Company Law Number 40 of 2007 concerning Limited Liability Companies. The issues raised in this research are the concept and implications of the issuance of the copyright law on the legal arrangements of limited liability companies. This research study uses doctrinal normative research with primary, secondary and tertiary legal materials from literature studies. After the research, the results show that the applied method of this omnibus law is the method of legislation by combining various types of laws in a special law. This gives room to eliminate the various interests of each into just one name of interest. In the drafting process, it has violated the principles of openness and participation and is vague in its legal basis. The implication in the limited liability company law is that it raises provisions regarding the individual company model whose concept is contradictory and provisions that eliminate the minimum capital limit of the company, which is feared to result in the vulnerability of a business continuity. ___ References Books with an author: Asikin, Z., & Suhartana, W. P. (2016). Pengantar Hukum Perusahaan. Jakarta: Prenadamedia Group. Bosc, M., & Gagnon, A. (2017). House of Commons Procedure and Practice. Ontario: House of Commons. Christiawan, R. (2021). Omnibus Law: Teori dan Penerapannya. Jakarta: Bumi Aksara. Kartika, S. D. (2020). Politik Hukum RUU Cipta Kerja. Jakarta: Puslit BKD DPR RI. Marzuki, P. M. (2005). Penelitian Hukum. Jakarta: Kencana Prenada. Rahardjo, S. (2010). Ilmu Hukum. Bandung: PT Citra Aditya Bakti. Raharjo, H. (2009). Hukum Perusahaan. Yogyakarta: Penerbit Pustaka Yustisia. Sunaryati, H. (1994). Penelitian Hukum di Indonesia pada Akhir Abad ke-20. Bandung: Alumni. Sutedi, A. (2015). Buku Pintar Hukum Perseroan Terbatas. Jakarta: Raih Asa Sukses. Books with an editor: Eddyono, S. W. (ed). (2020). Catatan Kritis terhadap UU No 11 Tahun 2020 tentang Cipta Kerja (Pengesahan DPR 5 Oktober 2020). Yogyakarta: Fakultas Hukum Universitas Gadjah Mada. Eddyono, S. W. (ed). (2020). Kertas Kebijakan: Catatan Kritis dan Rekomendasi Terhadap RUU Cipta Kerja. Yogyakarta: Fakultas Hukum Universitas Gadjah Mada. Journal articles: Anggono, B. D. (2020). Omnibus Law Sebagai Teknik Pembentukan Undang-Undang: Peluang Adopsi dan Tantangannya Dalam Sistem Perundang-Undangan Indonesia. Jurnal Rechts Vinding, 9(1), 17-37. Azhar, M. (2019). Omnibus Law sebagai Solusi Hiperregulasi Menuju Sonkronisasi Peraturan Perundang-undangan di Indonesia. Administrative Law and Governance Journal, 2(1), 170-178. Aziz, M. F., & Febriananingsih, N. (2020). Mewujudkan Perseroan Terbatas (PT) Perseorangan bagi Usaha Mikro Kecil (UMK) melalui Rancangan Undang-Undang tentang Cipta Kerja. Jurnal Rechts Vinding: Media Pembinaan Hukum Nasional, 9(1), 91-108. Darmawan, A. (2020). Politik Hukum Omnibus Law Dalam Konteks Pembangunan Ekonomi Indonesia. Indonesian Journal of Law and Policy Studies, 1(1), 13-24. Dodek, A. M. (2016). Omnibus Bills: Constitutional Constraints and Legislative Liberations. Ottawa L. Rev., 48, 1. Massicotte, L. (2013). Omnibus Bills in Theory and Practice. Canadian Parliamentary Review, 36(1), 13-17. Permwanichagun, P., Kaenmanee, S., Naipinit, A., & Sakolnakorn, T. P. N. (2014). The Situations of Sole Proprietorship, E-commerce Entrepreneurs and Trends in their E-commerce: A Case Study in Thailand. Asian Social Science, 10(21), 80-88. Purwanda, S., & Wulandari, A. S. R. (2023). Socio-Legal Studies: Methodical Implications of Legal Development in Indonesia. Al-'Adl, 16(2), 152-163. Setiadi, W. (2020). Simplifikasi Regulasi dengan Menggunakan Metode Pendekatan Omnibus Law. Jurnal Rechts Vinding: Media Pembinaan Hukum Nasional, 9(1), 39-52. 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In Uruguay there is a great concern about the arsenic (As) geogenic contamination in groundwater as an environmental health problem, after rather high levels of As in groundwater in some areas (above 20 μg L-1) were reported and considering that the majority of the rural population consumes drinking water from private aquifer wells. On the other hand, Uruguay has an abundance of wells and quality groundwater, and it is vital to protect Uruguayan aquifers as important resources. In this respect we proposed and started to implement a multidisciplinary and interinstitutional program: AsURU Project (“Arsenic in Uruguayan groundwater and associated health risk”) (website: facebook.com/AsURUArsenico) to address this environmental and health problem. Although there are no systematic studies on the quality of groundwater or on the incidence of health effects associated with As exposure, a medical geology study is being performed by the research team led by Nelly Mañay, Ph.D., to assess health risks retrospectively by correlating reported cancer incidence with As groundwater levels, distributed by different localities. The AsURU Project has developed a working plan that consists of: (a) identification of main Uruguayan aquifers with relevant As data, (b) subdivision in study areas, (c) establishment of geographically delimited pilot areas following specific criteria: i) areas which have drinking water supplied by aquifers with As levels above WHO guidelines; ii) should represent a significative extension of the concerned aquifer; iii) have enough information about the aquifer hydraulic parameters and iv) availability of quantitative data about population´s exposure timeline to groundwater and shreds of evidence about health adverse effects (d) hydrogeologic, hydrodynamic and hydrogeochemical study to identify the origin of As and space-time mobility, (e) evaluation of As exposure through groundwater in the pilot areas, (e) recommend solutions like good construction and other remedial actions. The AsURU Project has seen great progress and also encountered challenges. Its main achievements in line with the proposed action plan have been: (1) the identification of pilot areas with As concentration levels in groundwater above 20 μg L-1 (max. permitted level as per Uruguayan regulations); and even with As level concentrations above 10 μg L-1 (max. permitted level as per WHO regulations). (2) the formation of three work groups to develop three related projects: the Groundwater Resource Group, the Chemistry and Medical Geology Group, and the North Littoral Group; (3) meetings were held, including the “I Symposium of Arsenic in Uruguayan Groundwater” in 2018, with the participation of various state-owned companies and the “II Symposium of Arsenic in Uruguayan Groundwater” in 2022. However, there is still no specific financial support for developing the program in its totality.

Financial information is one of the important information in decision making. However, many cases of fraud committed by management so that the information in the financial statements cannot be relied upon in decision making. Therefore, the auditor's job is to ensure that the company's financial statements are represented correctly (faithful representation) so that financial statement information becomes more quality and useful in making decisions. So this study aims to examine the effect of audit fee on audit quality. In addition, this study also examines important determinants of audit costs, namely company size, profitability, audit risk, complexity, and firm size. By using the purposive sampling method, samples of the financial and manufacturing industry in 2010-2017 used are 39 firms per year. This sample is used to examine the effect of audit fee on audit quality and the determinant of audit fee using simple linear regression analysis and multiple linear regression analysis. 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Kieso, Donald E, Jerry J Weygandt, Terry D Warfield (2018), Intermediate Accounting: IFRS Edition Third Edition, United States: John Willey & Sons, Inc. Kikhia, Hassan Yahia (2014), Determinants of Audit Fees: Evidence from Jordan. Accounting and Finance Research, 4(1), 42–53. Knechel, Robert W., & Ann Vanstraelen (2007), The Relationship between Auditor Tenure and Audit Quality Implied by Going Concern Opinions. AUDITING: A Journal of Practice & Theory, 26(May), 113–131. Knechel, W. Robert, Gopal V. Krishnan, Mikhail Pevzner, Lori B Shefchik, & Uma K. Velury (2013), Audit quality: Insights from the academic literature. Auditing, 32(SUPPL.1), 385–421. Konrath, Larry F. (2002), Auditing A Risk Analysis Approach, Fifth Edition, South Western. Kusharyanti (2013), Analysis of the Factors Determining the Audit Fee. Journal of Economics, Business, and Accountancy | Ventura, 16(1), 147–160. Lennox, C. (1999), Are large auditors more accurate than small auditors? 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(2017), Determinants of Audit fees in a Developing Economy: Evidence from Ghana. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 7(11). Newton, Nathan J., Dechun Wang, & Michael S. Wilkins (2013), Does a lack of choice lead to lower quality? evidence from auditor competition and client restatements. Auditing, 32(3), 31–67. Nikkinen, J., & Petri Sahlström (2004), Does Agency Theory Provide a General Framework for Audit Pricing ? International Journal of Auditing, 8, 253–262. Ohidoa, T., & Okun, O. O. (2018), Firms Attributes and Audit Fees in Nigeria Quoted Firms. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 8(3), 685–699. Pham, Ngoc Kim, Hung Nguyen Duong, Tin Pham Quang, & Nga Ho Thi Thuy (2017), Audit Firm Size, Audit Fee, Audit Reputation and Audit Quality: The Case of Listed Companies in Vietnam. Asian Journal of Finance & Accounting, 9(1), 429. 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The literature surrounding entropy changes accompanying degradation is scarce and limited to solely graphite anode cells. Meanwhile, graphite-silicon blends become frequent in commercial applications due to their considerable capacity advantage. The lithiation/delithiation results in volume changes of the silicon particle, which has been reported to cause an increased hysteresis [1] of the open circuit potential (OCP). Our hypothesis is that entropy reflects certain morphological changes occurring within the electrode and consequently, entropy hysteresis is also higher for electrodes containing silicon. We further postulate that entropy hysteresis increases with cycle age. If the hypothesis is correct, entropy measurement will offer a unique insight into battery degradation among commonly used differential voltage analysis (DVA) and incremental capacity analysis (ICA). To test our hypothesis, we adapted an accelerated entropy measurement method proposed by Osswald et al. [2] on high-energy NCA/Gr-Si cylindrical cells, with ~10 wt % Si and ~90 wt % Gr anode composition. The cells were divided into two groups; the first group was stored at an elevated temperature to act as an example of accelerated calendar ageing, while the second group experienced cycle ageing. Subsequently, we performed DVA and ICA to provide a direct comparison with the entropy results and checked for correlation. In accordance with the hypothesis, the entropy behaved similarly to the OCP. Entropy hysteresis remained stable for calendar aged cells (Fig. 1 a) but increased considerably for cycled cells (Fig. 1 b). Silicon volume expansion and its 'breathing' effect [3,4] caused charge entropy to increase with cycle age. Graphite particles experienced breaking and cracking, which prompted a decrease in discharge entropy during cycling. These combined effects led to the observed rise in entropy hysteresis over time. A direct comparison of entropy profiling with DVA revealed alike characteristics. Based on abrupt energy level changes accompanying phase transitions, entropy profiling was successfully used to track ageing markers, aiding recognition of a loss of active material on positive (LAMPE) and negative (LAMNE) electrodes as well as loss of lithium inventory (LLI). Both DVA and entropy profiling revealed that LLI was the main degradation mode for the calendar aged cell, while LAMNE combined with LLI for the cycled cell. Plotting entropy against voltage allowed for additional observations. Horizontal shift towards higher voltages occurred due to the rise in internal resistance but also LLI. While some authors [5] successfully obtained information about LAMPE and LAMNE from ICA, and an analogy can be performed for entropy profiling, it is difficult to draw definitive conclusions from these results. The fact that entropy profiling reflects microscopic changes occurring within electrodes, and considers also ageing markers, makes it a unique, non-invasive tool among ICA and DVA. However, its application is not straightforward and needs further validation. A possible avenue to be explored is the theoretical simulation of pristine and aged entropy profiles to cross-validate with our experimental data. References: [1] Marco-Tulio F. Rodrigues, James A. Gilbert, Kaushik Kalaga, and Daniel P. Abraham. Insights on the cycling behavior of a highly prelithiated silicon–graphite electrode in lithium-ion cells. JPhys Energy, 2(2), 2020. [2] Patrick J. Osswald, Manuel Del Rosario, Jurgen Garche, Andreas Jossen, and Harry E. Hoster. Fast and Accurate Measurement of Entropy Profiles of Commercial Lithium-Ion Cells. Electrochimica Acta, 177:270–276, 2015. [3] McBrayer, Josefine D. and Rodrigues, Marco-Tulio F. and Schulze, Maxwell C. and Abraham, Daniel P. and Apblett, Christopher A. and Bloom, Ira and Carroll, Gerard Michael and Colclasure, Andrew M. and Fang, Chen and Harrison, Katharine L. and Liu, Gao and Minteer, Shelley D. and Neale, Nathan R. and Veith, Gabriel M. and Johnson, Christopher S. and Vaughey, John T. and Burrell, Anthony K. and Cunningham, Brian Calendar aging of silicon-containing batteries. Nature Energy, 6(9):866–872, 2021. [4] Gabriel M. Veith, Mathieu Doucet, J. Kevin Baldwin, Robert L. Sacci, Tyler M. Fears, Yongqiang Wang, and James F. Browning. Direct Determination of Solid-Electrolyte Interphase Thickness and Composition as a Function of State of Charge on a Silicon Anode. Journal of Physical Chemistry C, 119(35):20339–20349, 2015. [5] Alexander J. Smith, Pontus Svens, Maria Varini, Goran Lindbergh, and Rakel Wreland Lindstrom. Expanded In Situ Aging Indicators for Lithium-Ion Batteries with a Blended NMC-LMO Electrode Cycled at Sub-Ambient Temperature. Journal of The Electrochemical Society, 168(11):110530, 2021. Figure 1

With the goal of optimizing protocols, fixed-time artificial insemination (FTAI) was performed under field conditions in a study to evaluate conception rates in Girolando (5/8) heifers (18 to 24 months of age) treated with estradiol benzoate (BE) to induce ovulation. Forty heifers were allocated to 2 groups with 20 animals each: GI-sexed semen (2 million spermatozoa/dose) and GII-nonsexed semen (20 million spermatozoa/dose), with body condition score (BCS) of 3.0 ± 0.14 (scale of 1 to 5), middleweight of 335 ± 38 kg, so that it was made for reutilization of progesterone device. On Day 0 (morning), the animals received 2.0 mg of BE (RIC-BE®,Tecnopec, São Paulo, Brazil), 0.075 mg of D-cloprostenol (Prolise®, ARSA S.R.L., Buenos Aires, Argentina), and an intravaginal device of 1 g of progesterone (Primer®, Tecnopec). On Day 8 (morning) the device was removed and 0.075 mg of D-cloprostenol was managed in the GI animals, then these animals received 1.0 mg of BE 24 h after device removal. The insemination was in the late afternoon of Day 10 with a 6-hour delay (4 to 6 pm). The GII animals received Primer previously used for 8 days (being used in the GI animals under the same protocol). After pregnancy diagnosis at 60 days, a third group was created (GIII) using the not-pregnant animals of GI and GII. In GIII, Primer from third use [disinfected in solution Kilol®-L 1:250 (Quinabra, São Paulo, Brazil) and rinsed with water, dried, and packed in plastic sacks and kept for 60 days] was used following the GI protocol with sexed semen. There were no significant differences (P > 0.05) in the conception rates of 40, 58, and 65% among groups GI (8/20), GII (11/20), and GIII (13/20). These results indicate very good conception rates for heifers, contrary to recommendations of commercial companies of sexed semen that alert for the conception rate for mated animals to be lower when using FTAI and mating protocols in mass, compared with that of AI after estrus observation.