Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'L'histoire économique'
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Ragni, Ludovic. "Production et équilibre général : une contribution à l'histoire de l'analyse économique." Nice, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991NICE0016.
Full textThe object of this work is to study production analysis in the general equilibrium theory and status which is confered on the producers. Three types of modele are successively taking in account, the one which belong to walraso-paretian paradigm, the one which use the activity analysis to demonstrate the equilibrium existance and the neo-walrasian's one. All the expressed criticismes show that the general equilibrium theory can not elaborate a specific and substantial behavior space for the production and the producers in relation to pure exchange mecanismes and to consumers
Chabane, Mohamed. "Agriculture, rente et développement : de l'histoire à la prospective, le cas de l’Algérie." Rennes 2, 2011. http://www.bu.univ-rennes2.fr/system/files/theses/TheseChabane.pdf.
Full textSince 1962, Algeria has experienced strong population dynamics, which broke various balances economic, social and natural. One consequence of this population pressure is seen through the imbalance of agricultural resources, which led to an extremely high food dependency vis-à-vis other countries. Today, most of the commodity is imported and the gap between supply and demand is increasingly rising. Since the intensive exploitation of hydrocarbons, agriculture has often been neglected and relegated to second place. However, agricultural policy initiated by the country's independence ensured top performance in the agricultural sector, which enjoyed a reputation as an exporter sector mainly due to policies of basic infrastructures, , and of all sorts of supports as , a way of promoting very advanced techniques. How and why could farming reach such a state? What the State could do if the hydrocarbon resources are running low? How can the State put farming in the forefront? How can it give agriculture a place with which it will contribute to the economic development of the nation? How can it meet the challenges of the future and cope with population growth, climate change and depletion of natural resources, presently the almost only sources of finance for the State? To answer these questions, we first consider the history of the Algerian agriculture during the last centuries. This quest leads to the conclusion that a real farm policy, founded over a real and effective study of Algerian agricultural sector is necessary. To this end, a mathematical model linking together the main parameters of the Algerian agricultural system is built. Focused on the future of the sector in Algeria, its goal is not only to imitate behaviour of agricultural systems but also to produce scenarios that could occur in reality in case of policy changes it is based on a rational analysis of land use patterns as depicted in field studies
Deghels, Nathalie. "Les fondements de la macroéconomie kaleckienne : une contribution à l'histoire de l'analyse économique." Nice, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996NICE0004.
Full textThe objet of this thesis is about the microfoundations of kaleckian macroanalysis. This work is a contribution to the history of economic analysis
Park, Myung Ho. "Etude sur la méthode dynamique à travers l'histoire de la pensée économique contemporaine." Paris 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA010029.
Full textMarlière, Elise. "Amphores, tonneaux et outres : contribution à l'histoire économique de la Gaule Belgique occidentale." Lille 3, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000LIL30009.
Full textPorcer, Didier. "Trajectoires familiales et professionnelles : contribution à l'histoire économique et sociale du Languedoc (XVIe-XXe siècle)." Montpellier 3, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004MON30010.
Full textGaul, Michael. "Progrès et prix naturels : conceptions de l'Histoire dans la pensée économique de Cantillon à Marx." Thesis, Paris 1, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020PA01E025.
Full textThis thesis analyzes the relations between the origin of the notion of historical progress in the second half of the eighteenth century and the formation of political economy as an autonomous science. In contrast to a traditional view, post-Smithian classical political economy and Ricardian economics in particular appear not as the ‘dismal science’, but rather as a pure theory of progress. The first part deals with the way in which conceptions of history and economic theory are articulated in the works of Richard Cantillon, François Quesnay et Adam Smith. Whereas Cantillon’s theory expresses a cyclical conception of history and physiocratic thought aims at the repression of this cyclical conception, Smith’s theory is opposed both to Cantillon and Quesnay, through its foundation of a progressive conception of history and the affirmation that progress is ‘natural’. Since Smith’s progressive conception of the historical process is based upon a simple, yet novel co-ordination of technical change in time and across space, the second and third parts study the classical theory of technical progress and the classical theory of international trade. It is in this context that Ricardo turns out to be the most radical of the ‘Smithian’ economists: Ricardo identified the condition under which progress is indeed ‘natural’ and insisted upon the fact that this condition is approximately satisfied by natural prices. In the final analysis, it is Smith’s affirmation of natural progress which provides the common framework for post-Smithian classical economists, Marx included, and distinguishes them from earlier exponents of the same ‘surplus approach’ to value and distribution
Quiquerez, Guillaume. "Le rôle des a priori cognitifs en économie : le cas de la dépendance à l'histoire du taux de chômage." Aix-Marseille 3, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000AIX32024.
Full textTopalov, Christian. "Formes de production et formes de propriété du logement en France : approche sociologique de l'histoire de rapports économiques." Paris 5, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA05H022.
Full textCalcei, Didier. "Création, diffusion et compétitions technologiques : croisement de l'histoire, de l'analyse économique et de la stratégie d'entreprise." Aix-Marseille 3, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003AIX32024.
Full textThe research deals with the creation of technological diversity and its diffusion. This research proposes to combine the historic, economic and strategic perspectives. The diffusions of QWERTY keyboard and of the increasing-returns-path-dependence theory invented by Arthur and David are analysed. The results of the competition and diffusion models based on increasing-returns-path-dependence theory are opposed to the analysis of Liebowitz and Margolis. The probability of a technological lock-in with an inferior technology is minimised by the introduction of the strategic manoeuvring of technology sponsors and the study of the diffusion process of technological innovations. The notion of technological acceptability is preferred to an inferiority-and-superiority analysis because it allows a better comprehension of the phenomena of technological creation, diffusion and competitions
Fisher-Post, Matthew. "Essays on Inequality and Fiscal Policy." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, EHESS, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024EHES0104.
Full textThis dissertation comprises five chapters on inequality and fiscal policy.Chapter 1 builds and analyzes a new global database of effective tax rates on capital and labor, and establishes a new stylized fact: while effective capital tax rates have fallen since 1965 in developed countries, in developing countries they have recently risen. In many countries, globalization appears to have supported governments’ ability to tax capital.In Chapter 2, data on public expenditures complement the Chapter 1 data on tax revenues, and we estimate the incidence of both along comprehensive pretax national income distributions, worldwide since 1980. We find that redistribution rises with development, but this is entirely due to transfers; tax progressivity is uncorrelated with per capita income. Redistribution has increased in most world regions, except in Africa and Eastern Europe, where it has stagnated.Shifting gears from worldwide estimates to single-country studies, Chapter 3 examines the midcentury decline in inequality in the United States of America. New attention to archival data reveals that the decline in inequality favored the middle class more than the working poor—with one exception: Midcentury wage compression lasted for the entire postwar era. I explain one generation-defining trend with another, and demonstrate the causal impact of World War II service on postwar wages, particularly for those at the bottom of the wage distribution.The fourth chapter estimates of the full distribution of all national income in Australia for the period 1991 to 2018, and find that in fact inequality of post-tax national income is lower and increased less than inequality of survey-based (post-transfer, disposable) income between 1991 and 2018. Australian inequality is much lower than that of the United States, and similar to that of France, with those at the bottom of the income distribution faring noticeably better in France and Australia than in the US.Finally, in Chapter 5, we estimate pre- and post-tax income distributions for Canada and its provinces from 1982 to 2021. Since the mid-2000s, income inequality has decreased slightly although it remains far above the levels observed in the early1980s. Across Canadian provinces, Ontario has consistently had higher inequality than Quebec although the gap has closed in recent years. Quebec has the most progressive tax and transfer system. During the pandemic, post-tax income inequality initially fell with large temporary transfer programs, but pre-tax income inequality has increased since then
Weber, Nicolas. "Contribution à l'histoire des communautés cam en Asie du Sud-Est (Cambodge, Vietnam, Siam, Malaisie) : intégration politique, militaire et économique." Paris, INALCO, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005INAL0008.
Full textThis study is a synthesis of the history of the Cam communities in Southeast-Asia (Cambodia, South Vietnam, Siam and Malaysia). The study features the history of the coming of the Cam to the host countries and their implication in the political, military, social and economical lives. It features the interactions with the different governments. In Cambodia, the Cam have been integrated by the government without any kind of discrimination : they could be present in the highest levels of administrative hierarchy. From the 15th century, they started to have a firm and decisive role in the Cambodian politics. They had also particular relationships with the foreign powers (Vietnam and France), which from the 19th century were ruling the country. The Cam communities in Malaysia constitute a 'Diaspora in the Diaspora' : they are originally from Cambodia. The Cam communities in Siam have been integrated by the Siamese government in the military affairs, the army and the navy but had little influence in politics. Their economical activities were famous in the 70's : they were renowned for the production of silk. As for Malaysia, their immigration is recent : it started from the end of the Red Khmers regime in Cambodia, from 1979. If they have no influence in Malaysia's politics, they could thrive in the cloth trade and initiate humanitarian programs to help the Cam communities that are still living in Cambodia
Capel, Chloé. "Sijilmassa et le Tafilalt (VIIIe-XIVe siècles) : éclairages sur l'histoire environnementale, économique et urbaine d'une ville médiévale des marges sahariennes." Thesis, Paris 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA01H098.
Full textStudying medieval Sijilmasa (Morocco) through archaeological data, and not just from textual sources, is a paradigm shift that has not, to date, been done in sufficient depth. Perceiving this Saharan oasis city through intrinsic data, rather than only through the perception of outside travelers, geographers and chroniclers, allows a significant reopening of questioning about this caravan crossroads in southern Morocco. This thesis proposes, through the exploitation of unpublished excavation archives of the Moroccan-American Project at Sijilmasa (MAPS) and data from new archaeological surveys conducted in the Tafilalt region of Sijilmasa, to reread the history of the Saharan city relying on two main research areas: environmental history of the city and urban history of the archaeological site. Proceeding by successive steps and considering the disparate nature of the documentary corpus, this research is fully the beneficiary of the Moroccan-American team upon which it is totally dependent, all while being able to add to the conclusions of the previous program. It reveals major economic, ecological, demographic and social dynamics to explain the city’s emergence, decline, and transformation, as well as the prominence that it acquired, throughout medieval times, in the history of African trade
Olmer, Fabienne. "Les amphores romaines en Bourgogne : contribution à l'histoire économique de la région dans l'Antiquité, depuis la Tène finale jusqu'au Haut-Empire." Dijon, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997DIJOL027.
Full textBecause of the recent development of archaeological investigations, both by the "rescue archaeology" and the main sites, the study of the roman amphorae of Burgundy contribute to a better understanding of the the economical and social structures of antique societies. Some aspects treat of consumption of foods, progress of the romanisation and functioning of local economy. Considering 170. 000 fragments, coming from about one hundred sites, some hypothesis are proposed about the circulation of amphorae in Burgondy during five centuries. For the late la Tène period, the wine is the most common food, but the origins are more diverse that it was thaught, for example some of them are coming from Adriatic area and Aegean sea. The circulation of other foods olive oil and fish sauces, begin as early as the first century B. C. , certainly before the cesarian conquest. Bibracte appears as the center of all commercial activities and to be the preferential place, where mediterranean goods are consumed. At the end of the second century B. C. , Italian wine is probably an important item of the exchanges, not only because of its ideological value but of its merchandising value. The great importance of archaeological remains discovered in Burgondy allows us to develop two chapters about dressel 1, typical amphora of the Italy : one survey about typological aspects and one other about epigraphical witness to the question of the production areas. During the early roman empire, the observed situation is different, and shows the homogeneity of the types and of the goods, consequently of the romanisation. The number of amphorae is less, but all the types made in the empire are presented, especially in the river saone
Drost, Vincent. "Le monnayage de l'empereur Maxence (306-312 ap. J. -C. ) et l'histoire politique et économique de la fin de l'époque tétrarchique." Paris 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA010528.
Full textGachet, Bruno. "La Gabelle du sel de 1561 : une source remarquable pour l'histoire démographique et socio-économique de la Savoie au XVIe siècle." Chambéry, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009CHAML007.
Full textThe state of Savoy undertook an exhaustive census of its population in 1561 in order to control the Salt Tax (also called "Gabelle"). The couting of families in each parish or even locality implied the registration of the name, forename and nickname of each family head, his activity, the identity of each member of his family, his financial status and the composition of the family livestock. We have studied in detail the corpus of 85 villages, which represents more than 80 000 people and about 16 000 families. This huge data base allows us to carry out several thematic analysis such as family strcture, anthroponomy, toponomy, pauperism, cattle breeding, economic activities, movements of population, administrative and religious frames. . . The calculating of statistics and the cartographic analysis have been largely undertaken on a computer-aided basis. This thesis brings out a few towns that were important poles of social and economic development in a society which was on the whole very poor, overpopulated and in which the strong geographical roots of the families didn't produce any drift from the land although they were scattered in nuclear households. The coexistence of squirearchy and groups of inhabitants shows how much of the transition period that was, a century when the ever-growing power of syndics was opposed to the decadence of squires. As far as the power of religion is concerned, we can say that its presence was not always secured but several clues hint at the fact that the society was deeply catholic. This piece of work shows the benefits of having computerized population censures
Béavogui, Facinet. "Contribution à l'histoire des Loma de la Guinée forestière, de la fin du XIXe siècle à 1945." Paris 7, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA070030.
Full textSituated since the sixteenth century on the junction of the savannah and the forest boundary of central-west africa, in the middle of the commercial exchange binding the sudan at the atlantic coast, the loma were involved in all the episodes of the political, economic and cultural history of west africa. Articulated since this century on the slave line by the portuguese merchants who reached the fringes of their territory, the loma are typical of the societies of the interior who became deeply distressed by this commerce. Beginning from the arrival of the french colonies in 1892, the economic and social condition of the loma was characterised by the development of the productive slavery : clearly divided into two main classes, the slaves mostly controlled with cultural ham lets, and the free; the captives, cola, palm oil and rice making up the countries principal products of trade. In addition, in the midst of the open population, the dy namic atlantic which was franforming the entire woodland of central west africa into a melting pot, emerged a political plan, a system of "democratic" government excluding all links with oppression. The prominent fact during the entire colonial period up until 1945, was the determination to develop a colony set up under the principles of the loma group. .
Bouchentouf, Lofti. "La pêche en eau douce du XIIe siècle au XVIe siècle : contribution à l'histoire économique et sociale du Sud-Ouest de la France." Bordeaux 3, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987BOR30058.
Full textValade, Bernard. "Critique des sciences et théorie de l'histoire dans l'oeuvre de Pareto : recherches sur la genèse et les développements de la sociologie générale de Vilfredo Pareto." Paris 5, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA05H087.
Full textThe beginning of Pareto's scientific career, and the determining influences on Pareto's scientific career. Analysis of the Pareto's fundamental contributions to economic thought and sociological theory. Main aspects analysed : the intellectual background of Pareto's sociology ; the theoretical task of sociology according to Pareto: analysis of the nature, scope and limits of theory in the social sciences ; the sociological meaning of economic equilibrium; the circulation of elites and the processes of change in dynamic societies
Mihout-Natar, Mylène. "L' intervention des capitaux français dans la Pologne de la Seconde République (1918-1939) : contribution à l'histoire de l'impérialisme économique français en Europe Centrale." Lille 3, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003LIL30039.
Full textWanyou, Maurice. "Le domaine en Côte d'Ivoire (environ 1840-1963) : contribution à l'histoire du droit colonial." Paris 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA010254.
Full textThe history of state ownership law in Ivory Coast reveals the French strategy and method of occupying space in the colonial lands. It falls within the realm of the colonial policy of organizing property and is justified by the seizing of sovereign power resulting from conquest. The french theoretically based their right to the Ivoirian state properties on their right of conquest and on substituting themselves for the native powers. But these rights were invalidated by the courts in light of the absence of judicial foundation. However, the french state transferred its unjustified ownership rights to the independent ivory coast state, which pursued on this subject the colonial policy of using the country's resources for partisan gain. Perhaps we must see in this policy one of the causes of the actual economical difficulties of the country. Indeed, contrary to the functioning of customary state ownership law consisting of insuring protection and means of subsistance to all, the principles of colonial ownership rights rather favoured the exploitation of the colony's resources for the profit of the colonials, their companies, and metropolitan France. To that end, colonials, legislation tended toward promoting French laws on private property on African soil and abolishing the native customs
Djiba, Diané. "Contribution à l'histoire de l'Islam de Haute-Guinée : la société musulmane du Batè, son rayonnement des origines à la mutation socio-économique de 1914-1970." Paris 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA010507.
Full textGeographically speaking, bate is the strip of land witch spreads on the left bank of milo river. It was conquered in the 16 th century by the soninke and the malinke converted to islam, called mandeng-mori or manikamori, who founded in bate a muslin kafo (or state) consisting of twelve villages united under the authority of a kanda, the political head and quargian of the islamic faith. He chooses the chief iman of kankan, who embodies the spiritual authority. Through their political and cultural resistance to french civilization, the manikamori were to stand out in the colonial history of french guinea. On, bate, the karamoko have created a consolation title to act as a susbstitude for the pilgrimage to mecca. This is a religious innovation noteworthy enough to be considered as a historical landmark in the cultural of the manikamori. Thus, we witness the building-up of new elite: the fode or namuntigi. The religious authorities played a prominent part in the social and political life in bate. But they took advantage of their charismatic influence to exploit indiscriminately. .
Laot, Françoise. "Contribution à l'histoire des institutions d'éducation des adultes : le complexe de Nancy (CUCES/ACUCES - INFA), 1954-1973." Paris 10, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA100073.
Full textSy, Aïdi. "Le concept de développement dans l'histoire de la pensée économique de Jean Bodin à Adam Smith (XVIème-XVIIIème siècles) et ses implications pour l'analyse du développement de l'Afrique subsaharienne." Paris 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA010012.
Full textBourgeon, Oriane. "La production d'amphores à huile dans la basse vallée du Genil : contribution à l'histoire socio-économique de la Bétique à l'époque romaine (Ier s. av. J.-C.- Ve s. ap. J.-C.)." Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018MON30054.
Full textFrom the end of the 1st century BC, the population of Rome is close to one million inhabitants. At this time, Augustus plans the conquest of the northern regions. The supply of the people of the Vrbs and the armies is a prime concern and the refuelling of olive oil, essential product of the Roman daily, becomes a major challenge. The province of Betica combines all the conditions necessary to accommodate large-scale oil production, thanks to its optimal climate and the ideal export conditions offered by its navigable waterways. Thus the oil produced in the Guadalquivir Basin, transported in the Dressel 20 globular amphorae, will feed the entire Roman West between the 1st and the 3rd centuries. Although this major economic phenomenon is relatively well understood from the point of view of consumption sites, the question of the production of oil and amphorae in Betica has long been neglected.The oil amphorae potters' workshops (Dressel 20 and Dressel 23), located on the banks of the Guadalquivir and Genil, are undeniably the best witnesses to the intensity of olive growing in the region, due to the magnitude vestiges caused by this pottery industry. As a subsidiary activity of speculative olive growing, the evolution of amphora production is therefore a faithful reflection of this economic sector. This microregional study, devoted to the workshops of the Genil valley, is an indirect approach to apprehend the development of speculative olive growing. It aims to analyse the economic dynamics of oil amphorae workshops in this region, to understand the existing interactions between industrial oil production, the development of the pottery industry and the consequences of these activities on the environment.This thesis, which is part of an archaeo-historical perspective, is based at the same time on a documentary work and on a global analysis of the material facts highlighted during field investigations. The archaeological surveys conducted in the study area and the excavation of the Las Delicias potters' workshop have allowed a considerable renewal of knowledge thanks to the collection of many brand-new data. The characterization of the workshops resulting from the classification and analysis of these data made it possible to address a number of issues relating to the organization of work, the manufacturing processes and the various activities related to the production of oil amphorae.In addition, the epigraphic richness that characterizes the Dressel 20 amphora has made it possible to correlate archaeological observations of structural and topographical order with onomastic and toponomastic stamps. The in depth epigraphic study of the stamps of the different production centres thus made it possible to trace the history of each workshop, identifying the actors of the production, the strategies and the management methods put in place by the latter.This multiscalar approach, starting from the analysis of each workshop, then moving on to the correlation of the results obtained at the valley scale, and finally joining the sphere of olive growing, made it possible to confront the social history with the history of techniques, and thus trace a whole section of the socio-economic history of the Roman Betica
Kroll, Jean-Christophe. "Politique agricole et relations internationales : les enseignements théoriques et pratiques de l'histoire économique contemporaine des idées et des faits pour une réforme de la politique agricole en France et dans la CEE." Paris 10, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA100084.
Full textThe first part of the thesis is devoted to a critical survey of the different conceptions concerning the role of the state in agricultural matters proposed by the main contemporary theoretical analysis trends in agricultural economics it vindicates the historical method used to analyze the different modes of regulation of the agricultural policy having prevailed after 1945. The analysis in economics history made in the second part shows the strong relations existing between the movement of international relations and the great periods of evolution of the agricultural policy regulation methods. The lessons of this historical analysis are used in the third part of the work to put forward a few rules along with some management principles, essential for the achievement of the necessary reformation of the CAP and its application in a country like France. The fourth part is made up of a synthesis of different summaries from sectorial and regional research. It illustrates the analytical work of a more general interest carried in the previous parts and brings forward the actual ground experience this study is stemming from
Dione, Marème. "Les enjeux des politiques et les techniques des travaux publics en Afrique du nord (1939 - 1962) - la politique des plans d’équipement et de modernisation - contribution a l'histoire de la colonisation française en Afrique du nord." Paris 8, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA081187.
Full textThe first part of this thesis analyses the equipment and mornizing plans' politics undertaken in french colonies after world war ii, and particularly in north africa. It shows how relationship between the west and north africa has been directed during that time by access to raw materials, including petroleum, and led to take possession of sahara. Second and third parts both investigate politics carried out in these three countries in transport-field and water-field and deal with technical aspects of projects worked out and their involvements. After having drawn up an inventory of technical progress in these chosen areas, we have proved that colony has played a testing stand to acquire technical skill before spreading. We also showed off the burden and influence of american management, country-planning and development models during that period in north africa and in france, that of technics properly so called. Finally, we have thrown into relief the leading part of army in genesis and keeping of colonial space and order
Blein, Charlotte. "Économie et territoire en Macédoine sous domination romaine (la Bottiée, l'Eordée et la Piérie du IIe s. Av. J. -C. Au IIIe s. Ap. J. -C) : l'apport des résultats de l'archéologie préventive à l'histoire des sociétés anciennes." Paris, EHESS, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015EHES0025.
Full text"What has become of the economy of Philip II of Macedon's kingdom following the Roman conquest of Macedonia?" This broad (but significant) question is of particular interest as Macedonia is often depicted as an interface between the Greek and the Barbarian world and a passageway between the East and the West through the Via Egnatia. However, following the battle of Pydna in 168 BC, literary sources are scarce on the history of the new Roman province. This historical silence can be interpreted in ways that the area seems totally devoid of any economic dynamism. This dissertation seeks to outline the economic organization of the Roman province of Macedonia, from the point of view of its inner, daily and domestic functioning rather than on its integration within the broad Mediterranean trading networks. In order to grasp the diversity of the economic strategies and the organization and occupation of the Macedonian landscape at a local and regional scales, this study will primarily focus on archaeological evidences. It will be based on an exhaustive and comprehensive collection of remains uncovered from rescue excavations and related to "production" and "economic mechanisms" such as agricultural installations, trading facilities and craft apparatuses and workspaces. The available data is plentiful, but the amount of information that can be extracted from them is often limited as most of the archaeological remnants cannot be investigated separately from one another. The methodology use to reconstruct parts of the economical system of Roman Macedonia will be based on an approach focusing on a global and contextual examination of the archaeological vestiges
Defalvard, Hervé. "Contribution à l'histoire intellectuelle du marché." Paris 10, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA100118.
Full textWhereas it is generally admitted by the economists that Adam Smith founded the modern market theory, our work has shown that this idea was more a myth than a reality. In order to appraise the smith's place within the intellectual history of the market, we have in a first part followed two routes. The former has studed the theories of exchange before Adam Smith in which the exchange always belong to a share economy (versus the exchange economy). The latter has analysed the liberal individual of social contract theories and his critic - in particular by hume- during XVIIIe century. In a such perspective, we have in a second part proposed two thesis about the wealth of nations. The first thesis -based one's argument on the lectures of Glasgow and the theory of moral sentiments - has maintained that the smithian exchange economy is limited an artisanal organization of production which only takes 1% of the wealth of nations. The second thesis has asserted that the remainder of the wealth of nations (ie 99%) is consecrated to analyse a salary share economy. After Adam Smith, the economists - in particular l. Walras- have understood the modern economy like an exchange economy or an economy of craftsmen
Defalvard, Hervé. "Contribution à l'histoire intellectuelle du marché." Paris 10, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA100018.
Full textWhereas it is generally admitted by the economists that Adam Smith founded the modern market theory, our work has shown that this idea was more a myth than a reality. In order to appraise the smith's place within the intellectual history of the market, we have in a first part followed two routes. The former has studed the theories of exchange before Adam Smith in which the exchange always belong to a share economy (versus the exchange economy). The latter has analysed the liberal individual of social contract theories and his critic - in particular by hume- during XVIIIe century. In a such perspective, we have in a second part proposed two thesis about the wealth of nations. The first thesis -based one's argument on the lectures of Glasgow and the theory of moral sentiments - has maintained that the smithian exchange economy is limited an artisanal organization of production which only takes 1% of the wealth of nations. The second thesis has asserted that the remainder of the wealth of nations (ie 99%) is consecrated to analyse a salary share economy. After Adam Smith, the economists - in particular l. Walras- have understood the modern economy like an exchange economy or an economy of craftsmen
Escudier, Jean-Louis. "Contribution à l'histoire des rapports économiques de genre : application à la viticulture française 1850-2010." Perpignan, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PERP1185.
Full textThe aim of this thesis is to applied to French wine growing a linked analyze of employment and economics gender relations. In a first part, relative to the period from 1850 to 1914, we explain the historical building of wine growing tasks, the intermittent employment and the half-payment of female workers. In a second part, which speaks about 1914 to 1945, we show how, for women, agricultural and domestic education was not a technical training to wine growing but a social model for housewives. Always paid half of male workers, women are less employed but they remain indispensable for some wine growing tasks like grape harvest. In the third part, about years 1945 to 2010, we analyze the impact of new employment norm (female wages represent 80 % of male wages) and collective agreements on employment, professional qualification and payment of female workers. Because of lacks of general data on female labor force, we have chosen to use several kinds of archives sources : account books of wine growing farms, administrative, judiciary and trade-unions archives, professional media and interviews with female viticulturists
Damourette, Olivier. "Garissa, la fin du voyage : poids de l'histoire et rôle de l'aide dans la sédentarisation des Somali de la North Eastern Province du Kenya." Toulouse 2, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001TOU20051.
Full textSince the beginning of the Nineties East of Kenya knows a strong growth of migrations. Initially related to the refugees fleeing the war which devastated close Somalia, they are now the fact of Somali herders of Kenya. It is easy to see in the migration the consequence of droughts and other climatic hazards. But, it is often forgotten that the Somali are accustomed to compose with the elements and that their very fine knowledge of the medium doubled of a great adaptability their made it possible to settle in these inhospitable regions. To understand why more than 50. 000 people came to fix itself in one decade in the bullas around Garissa (village of 29. 000 inhabitants to the census of 1989) it is necessary to relativize the place of the climatic risks to propose the real causes of the faintness of the nomads. The emergence of a crisis of the pastoralism during the twntieth century and, recently, the acceleration of the shifts in the population by the presence of the assistance are indeed elements impossible to circumvent for which wants to include/understand why thousands of nomads give up the pastorale life. We are indeed in this area of Kenya in front of a crisis of the pastoral world, which largely exceeds the framework of the economic situation. The process in progress clarifies the pangs of the nomadism and the consequences of the assistance on the local economies. The major crisis that currently the Somali of Kenya face bursts at the great day at the time of climatic risks, when the nomads, weakened, do not have any more an other alternative but the installation downtown. It raises consequently multiple questions about the future of this population, often perceived of an evil eye because of the history of the province, and the violent changes which the nomads must face in this migration of the last chance
St-Cerny-Gosselin, Julie. "Le poids de l'histoire : rôle des facteurs économiques, politiques et institutionnels dans l'accumulation de dette publique." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/9537.
Full textJohnson, Kodjo Yackoley. "L'enfance exploitée au Togo : l'histoire des enjeux juridiques, socio-économiques, politiques et culturels dans un pays en mutation." Lyon 3, 2010. https://scd-resnum.univ-lyon3.fr/in/theses/2010_in_johnson_ky.pdf.
Full textSince its birth, the child has rights and inalienable against all forms of exploitation may be an obstacle to its development. In traditional Africa in general and in Togo in particular, the rights of children are perceived as more duties to the community. This is particularly in a respect that the social integration of children is through his initiation into the work and respect for tradition. In contrast, modern law, which tries the new republic of Togo since independence declared in 1960, is in itself a break with tradition in both legal in the socio-economic, political and cultural. This either led the young republic to adopt modern laws, national inspiration in connection with some manners, or internationally inspired (conventions, treaties. . . ). Nevertheless, the lack of enforcement in the implementation of legal provisions and purposes of the indelible presence of custom in the attitudes of the population, among others, are as much inertia in the dynamics of protection of children in Togo. Is not that a great challenge for a Republic of Togo that is modern and fully integrated in the community of civilized nations?. .
Ould, Sidi Sidi Mohamed. "L'histoire du pouvoir politique mauritanien : à travers le conflit de Bebbe et l'émergence de l'État moderne." Bordeaux 4, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005BOR40001.
Full textEchaoui, Mohamed. "Evolution de l'economie marocaine pendant la seconde guerre mondiale (1939-1945). Contribution a l'etude de l'histoire economique et sociale du maroc contemporain." Nice, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995NICE2002.
Full textTazi, Jaouad. "Essai sur l'état et les rapports socio-économiques dans la théorie et l'histoire du Maroc impérial : du XIème au XIVème s." Paris 10, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA100066.
Full textSantos, Egídio Sousa. "La ville de Malanje dans l'histoire de l'Angola : de la fin du XIXe à 1975." Paris, EHESS, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004EHES0054.
Full textThis thesis is dedicated to the study of the city of Malanje in the history of Angola, the end of XIX-th century in 1975. It is about a city of Africa situated in the centre - North of Angola. Angola counts several regions and important cities, but one of these cities often draws attention, seen the level of the development of economic and commercial activities of the country : it is Malanje and the region. The choice to make a study on the history of the mode of political, commercial and social organisation of the city of Malanje seems to us of a major importance, contrary to most of the known Angolan cities today by their different activities Malanje represents a town or another a conglomeration of which creation is the fact of the Portuguese storekeepers, the luso-Angolan half-bloods, Afro-brésiliens and finally Brazilians. The development of Malanje joins in the dynamics on one hand, former (ancient) commercial networks organized by the luso-African traders, on the other hand, of the development of the agricultural colonization. Alliances among agricultural Angolan producer’s local and itinerant (mobile) storekeepers of the region contributed to the implementation of strategies and powerful enough relation’s afin to control exchanges. The organization of the city of Malanje results not only from turnovers registered (recorded) in the political, economic, commercial and social organization précoloniale, but also of the dependence of specific political conditions in Portugal. In the crossroads of commercial main roads of the North of the country, Malanje knew a continuous evolution, resisting to European and Portuguese interventions, when the autochthons of the region (Ngola, Njinga, Imbangala and the others) tried to give themselves political means, and especially economic, to face the new requirements of international trade, after the abolition of the draft négrier. Malanje took up this challenge above all due to the products which fed the "justifiable" business, production of his(its,her) very fertile lands, but also those of all the region. We know indeed that first Portuguese intentions were not those of the conquest with the aim of a territorial activity (occupation); they were short of means and even of the will in front of the opposition of the populations met in the zone and at their level of social organization. How did one arrive it at a situation where the city of Malanje translates Portuguese power in its entire rigor at the same time as in its politics (policy) of spatial discrimination and impoverishment of the African populations in this city? How, bit by bit, is reduced the field of African exercise of power to Malanje ? By cultivating the discriminatory attitudes and racists, Portuguese authorities carefully maintained antagonism between the "white" city and the "black" city to Malanje. How shows itself this antagonism and, in spite of some rare organizations, which are the stages of it until the independence of Angola in 1975 ?. These main preoccupations are translated by two essential hypotheses:-First hypothesis tries to examine origin and development of the city of Malanje towards the dynamics luso - African transforming this city, following the desolation of Kasanje's fair in 1861, in mission control of economic activities of the region. -The second hypoyhèse considers Malanje as the symbiosis of two cities, African and white, of which dynamic joint (articulation) and growth answered the Portuguese political, economic and social rationality
Berland, Nicolas. "L'histoire du contrôle budgétaire en France : les fonctions du contrôle budgétaire, influences de l'idéologie, de l'environnement et du management stratégique." Paris 9, 1999. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=1999PA090018.
Full textSaraiba, Russell Maria de los Angeles. "Les enjeux de la modernité dans l'histoire du Mexique contemporain : le développement de l'isthme de Veracruz entre 1830 et 1920." Paris, EHESS, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005EHES0003.
Full textThis work aims to reconstruct the conformation process of the Isthmus of Veracruz and also the challenges of themodernisation politics made in the country through the time of Mexican's nation formation. During this period, the Isthmus of Veracruz experienced an economical, political and social transformation nowadays visible. Following the international, the national and the local thread's cross, this paper wants to show the ties and the strategics made by the local and foreign people during a long economical and political process. All these events make possible a deep change in the area that presented a solid and complex social tisssue at the beginning of the XX century
Jenn-Treyer, Olivier. "Théorie des fonds prêtables, épargne forcée et théorie autrichienne du capital : une contribution à l'histoire de la macroéconomie wicksellienne." Paris 12, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA123003.
Full textGasnier, Marina. "Le patrimoine industriel en Ille-et-Vilaine : 19e-20e siècles : de l'inventaire à l'histoire." Rennes 2, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001REN20002.
Full text@Fruit of a partnership between the University of Haute-Bretagne Rennes 2 and the Direction régionale des Affaires culturelles, this work tackles the industrial history of the department of Ille-et-Vilaine, not with respect to its architectural heritage, but its landscape and technological resources. The interaction between the site and its environment is obvious in this department. The latter benefits from forests (combustible fuel), a wide range of minerals (raw materials) and remarkable water resources (hydroelectric power), which have contributed significantly to its industrialization and the development of hydraulic factories. These, primarily present in the milling sector, increased continually until the 1880's. Despite a relatively discreet insertion in the rural and urban landscape, the industrial buildings, influenced by a regional building style, stand out from civil architecture by their productive aims,perceptible both in their spatial organization and in their design. From the end of the nineteenth century throughout the twentieth century, the industiral landscape has changed dramatically. The growing mechanization and the new energy sources such as thermal power, the auxiliary engine and subsequently electricity, have all freed the factories distribution. The industrial architecture also changes through the use of new construction materials such as metal and concrete. The factory is characterized more and more by an architecture guided by simplicity and utilitarian aims. Technological history, as viewed through its production machinery, intersects the social, economic and commercial interests of its largest factories
Kuzmany, Börries. "La ville de Brody au cours du long 19e siècle : l'histoire d'une contre-performance." Thesis, Paris 4, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA040244/document.
Full textBrody, a town today lying in Western Ukraine, became a border town of the Habsburg Empire following the First Partition of Poland in 1772. This thesis embraces a timespan of almost 150 years, excluding the First World War. It examines Brody’s economic and social history in the first two sections; the third section is dedicated to the perception of the town’s Austrian past. The most important material which serves as the basis for this work are archival sources mainly holdings in L’viv, Vienna, Paris and Kraków as well as published sources such as statistics, administrative handbooks and travel reports
Khuon, Vichheka. "Battambang et sa région, de 1939 à nos jours : intégration, spécificité et divergences dans le cadre de l'histoire contemporaine du Cambodge." Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCC032.
Full textBecause of its wealth in precious stones, fish, wood production and the wealth of his land that favored agricultural production including rice, Battambang province has been, since the eighteenth century, an issue of rivalry between Cambodia and Siam. Battambang was a sort of hybrid space that was influenced from both sides: from Cambodia as one of its provinces and from Thailand as a former annexed territory and a current border province. The fundamental characteristics of Khmer and Thai cultures can make it difficult, from surface view, identifying what belongs to the one and the other, especially as the economic, religious and educational relations between Cambodia and Thailand always remained active. Yet there is much originality and specificity of this territory. The particular history, forged by several separations from Cambodia, certainly plays a role in the fact that the inhabitants of the province seem more independent, more solidarity and more active in the development of the province and the rest of the country for their own province. In the contemporary period of the Cambodian history, Battambang province was active in organizing protests and group resistance building against the central government in Phnom Penh. This strong centrifugal activity could be explained by the geographical feature of the province, the intervention of foreign countries, including Thailand and by familiarizing of Battambang's people with the protest and the national political affairs
Aignan, Fabien. "Ecologie et économie du fait religieux dans l'enseignement de l'histoire au collège et au lycée en France : une approche par la théorie anthropologique du didactique." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0143.
Full textDespite the secularisation of the French society, religion takes an important place in our daily life. The religious fact is an important cog in the understanding of our world, and the teaching of it becomes a necessity.Our thesis focus on the teaching of history in secondary education, through the analysis of school textbooks published between 2008 and 2012, that correspond to a coherent set from year 7 to year 13. We grasp the phenomenon of didactic transposition of the ‘religious fact’ object within the textbooks. In the frame of the Anthropological Theory of didactics, we study the teaching of religious fact through its tool and set light on the praxeology complexes we can find in the history textbooks. In front of tasks we already find in the ‘tell’ ‘describe’, and ‘explain’ requirements, we can bring out the existence of different techniques that come under iconography or narration exploitationblurred outlines of the religious fact as an object, prevalence of monotheism, confinement of the subject in the past, our study brings light on large variations in the presentation of our subject and on the very cautious way the school treat with the teaching of the religious fact
Diop, Momar. "Etude critique de la théorie quantitative de la monnaie dans l'histoire des crises des prix." Thesis, Dijon, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014DIJOE003/document.
Full textThe Quantity Theory of money which always links the increase in the high-Powered money supply and the general rise in prices is one of the oldest concepts in economics. After to have been the subject of many controversies at different times, it seems nowadays to hold less attention from the economists because the dispute is dissipated in a kind of religious choice to believe or not to believe to quantity theory. This theory officially influences the monetary policy of most of central banks in the world that bind conventional measures to control the money supply to curb inflation process. In many orthodox economics’ textbooks, the quantity theory is still deployed in perpetuum to explain the price crisis in history.By using the methods of political economy, we will counterbalance the economic facts like they are recorded and the economic theory; our thesis aims to provide a critical assessment of orthodox monetary doctrines based on the quantity theory, in the interpretation of historical price crises. Our approach relies on a factual reinterpretation of two major historical price crises in Europe, and we will seek to see if the quantity theory is relevant. Thereby, the “price revolution” of the sixteenth in Europe and the German hyperinflation are two periods of price crisis where the quantity theory is insufficient to explain all sides of the problem studied. Yet the quantity conception of money is much transformed over time, based each time on the doctrines of equilibrium and value. Our thesis is back critically in details on all aspects of this transformation: the contribution from the classics until the neoclassical School, all with a focus on the contribution of Keynes, to account for the long survival of quantity thinking in monetary economics
Fraisse, Anne-Sophie. "La théorie libérale des salaires au miroir de ses instruments : contribution à l'histoire de la liaison salaire-productivité du travail dans le champ de l'économie politique libérale française du XIXe siècle." Paris 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA010022.
Full textJouffroy, Denis. "L'histoire de l'olivier et de l'huile d'olive en Corse de la fin du XVIème siècle au début du XXème siècle - Economie - Société - Aspects culturels." Phd thesis, Université Pascal Paoli, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00905350.
Full textEdzang, Abaga Jean-Bosco. "Lecture hégélienne des fondements de l'État moderne en Afrique." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00462178.
Full textLochmann, Alexia. "Essays on the economics of migration and cultural identity." Thesis, Paris 1, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020PA01E018.
Full textThis dissertation aims at shedding light on the interplay between human mobility, cultural identity and globalization. The critical role that human mobility and cultural identity play in the history of economic development is undeniable, for both phenomena accompany humankind throughout space and time. The questions I answer in this dissertation intend to focus on three aspects of these phenomena, that are at the core of the current public debate. I address these questions using novel data, partly coming from recently digitized historical files in the context of this doctorate. I provide conceptual, historical and theoretical frames for each topic, while relying on rigorous state-of-the-art econometric methods to infer causality. Following an introduction on the economics of migration and diversity, the core of this dissertation comprises three research papers. The first paper evaluates the effects of language training on the economic integration of immigrants; the second highlights the role of cultural identity and economic factors when taking the decision to emigrate, and the third investigates the effects that misleading information can have on the formation of cultural identity