Journal articles on the topic 'Kyphotic thoracic curvature'
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Cheon, Ji Hong, Na Na Lim, Geun Su Lee, Ki Hong Won, Sung Hoon Lee, Eun Young Kang, Hyun Kyung Lee, and Younkyung Cho. "Differences of Spinal Curvature, Thoracic Mobility, and Respiratory Strength Between Chronic Neck Pain Patients and People Without Cervical Pain." Annals of Rehabilitation Medicine 44, no. 1 (February 29, 2020): 58–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.5535/arm.2020.44.1.58.
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Objective To investigate the differences of spinal curvature, thoracic sagittal mobility, and respiratory strength between patients with chronic neck pain (CNP) and people without cervical pain, and to determine the correlation between respiratory strength and thoracic mobility in CNP patients.Methods A total of 78 participants were finally included in this study, of whom 30 had no cervical pain and 48 had CNP. The Neck Disability Index (NDI), cervical lordotic curvature, thoracic kyphotic curvature, thoracic sagittal range of motion (ROM), maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP), and maximal expiratory pressure (MEP) were measured and analyzed.Results In males, thoracic sagittal ROM<sub>MEP-MIP</sub> and MEP showed a significant difference between the no cervical pain group and the CNP group. In females, thoracic kyphotic curvature, thoracic sagittal ROM<sub>MEP-MIP</sub>, MIP, and MEP were significantly different between the no cervical pain group and the CNP group. Thoracic kyphotic curvature was significantly correlated with MEP and MIP in all population groups, and significantly correlated with NDI in the female group. Thoracic sagittal ROM<sub>MEP-MIP</sub> had a significant linear relationship with NDI, MEP, and MIP in all population groups.Conclusion The thoracic mobility during forced respiration was reduced in patients with CNP and was correlated with respiratory strength. Changes in the biomechanics of the cervicothoracic spine and rib cage due to CNP may contribute to impairment of respiratory strength.
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Dimitrijevic, Vanja, Branka Protic-Gava, Tatjana Vinaji, and Nela Popovic. "Effects of corrective exercises on kyphotic angle reduction: A systematic review and meta-analysis." Medical review 74, no. 5-6 (2021): 167–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/mpns2106167d.
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Introduction. Kyphosis is a deformity of the spine characterized by excessive backward curvature of the thoracic spine. The normal range of thoracic kyphosis in teenagers is 20 - 40 degrees, and the diagnosis of hyper-kyphosis is beyond 45 degrees. The aim of this review was to assess the magnitude of the effects of various corrective exercises on kyphotic angle reduction. Material and Methods. The Web of Science and PubMed were searched to retrieve relevant literature. Ten studies were included in our systematic review and meta-analysis. Results. The magnitude of the effects of corrective exercises on the kyphotic angle correction was estimated and the results showed a statistical significance in standardized mean difference (-0.504, P < 0.001). The analysis of the subgroups regarding the age showed a heterogeneity that was not statistically significant and the magnitude of the effects in different age groups. Conclusion. The results of our meta-analysis may be useful to many physiotherapists and clinicians in solving problems in patients with kyphosis and hyper-kyphosis.
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Hassan, Ali M., Mohamed Abdel Bary, Sara M. Mohamed Kamel, Fatma A. Hegazy, Emad A. Aboelnasr, Amany M. Helmy, and Ahmed S. Abdelhamid. "Assessment of Thoracic Kyphosis Using Flexicurve Ruler after Open Heart Surgery: A Cross-Sectional Study." Journal of Hunan University Natural Sciences 49, no. 8 (August 30, 2022): 218–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.55463/issn.1674-2974.49.8.26.
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In literature, the development of spinal deformities was reported after surgical intervention for congenital heart disease using thoracotomy and sternotomy incisions in children; however, there are not enough data regarding the incidence of spinal kyphosis after open-heart surgery in adults. This study aimed to determine the impact of open-heart surgery using median sternotomy incision on the sagittal plane thoracic spine curve and pulmonary functions after open-heart surgery. A cross- sectional study was conducted on 100 participants (53 ± 9.43 years), who underwent open heart surgery using median sternotomy. The spinal kyphotic curve was evaluated using a Flexicurve ruler and spirometry parameters [forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1) and ratio of forced expiratory volume in the first second to forced vital capacity (FEV1/FVC)] were evaluated before and one week after open-heart surgery. The comparison between the preoperative and postoperative measurements of the variables under study was performed using the paired t-test. Statistical significance was set at (P ˂ 0.05). The results revealed a significant increase in the dorsal kyphotic curve (9.75 ± 2.32) and a significant decrease in all spirometry parameters under study [(FVC: 2.12 ± .77); (FEV1:1.55 ± .64) and (FEV1/FVC: 0.72 ± .13)] with an alpha level of (P < 0.05). There is a high incidence of exaggerating the sagittal plane thoracic spine curvature (thoracic kyphosis), and reduction in the pulmonary functions after open-heart surgery using median sternotomy incision.
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Iba, Kousuke, Marian E. Durkin, Lise Johnsen, Ernst Hunziker, Karen Damgaard-Pedersen, Hong Zhang, Eva Engvall, Reidar Albrechtsen, and Ulla M. Wewer. "Mice with a Targeted Deletion of the Tetranectin Gene Exhibit a Spinal Deformity." Molecular and Cellular Biology 21, no. 22 (November 15, 2001): 7817–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.21.22.7817-7825.2001.
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ABSTRACT Tetranectin is a plasminogen-binding, homotrimeric protein belonging to the C-type lectin family of proteins. Tetranectin has been suggested to play a role in tissue remodeling, due to its ability to stimulate plasminogen activation and its expression in developing tissues such as developing bone and muscle. To test the functional role of tetranectin directly, we have generated mice with a targeted disruption of the gene. We report that the tetranectin-deficient mice exhibit kyphosis, a type of spinal deformity characterized by an increased curvature of the thoracic spine. The kyphotic angles were measured on radiographs. In 6-month-old normal mice (n= 27), the thoracic angle was 73° ± 2°, while in tetranectin-deficient 6-month-old mice (n = 35), it was 93° ± 2° (P < 0.0001). In approximately one-third of the mutant mice, X-ray analysis revealed structural changes in the morphology of the vertebrae. Histological analysis of the spines of these mice revealed an apparently asymmetric development of the growth plate and of the intervertebral disks of the vertebrae. In the most advanced cases, the growth plates appeared disorganized and irregular, with the disk material protruding through the growth plate. Tetranectin-null mice had a normal peak bone mass density and were not more susceptible to ovariectomy-induced osteoporosis than were their littermates as determined by dual-emission X-ray absorptiometry scanning. These results demonstrate that tetranectin plays a role in tissue growth and remodeling. The tetranectin-deficient mouse is the first mouse model that resembles common human kyphotic disorders, which affect up to 8% of the population.
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Çavuşoğlu, Halit, Ramazan Alper Kaya, Osman Nuri Türkmenoğlu, Cengiz Tuncer, İbrahim Çolak, and Yunus Aydandinodot;n. "A long-term follow-up study of anterior tibial allografting and instrumentation in the management of thoracolumbar tuberculous spondylitis." Journal of Neurosurgery: Spine 8, no. 1 (January 2008): 30–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/spi-08/01/030.
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Object The purpose of this study was to determine the efficacy of anterior instrumentation following radical debridement and tibial allografting and its long-term progression in patients with multilevel spinal tuberculosis. Methods This prospective observational study was undertaken to analyze 22 patients with multilevel spinal tuberculosis (Pott disease) who underwent anterior radical debridement, decompression, and fusion using anterior spinal instrumentation and tibial allograft replacement between 1999 and 2001. Clinical outcomes were assessed using the American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) Impairment Scale and a visual analog scale (VAS). Preoperative and postoperative plain radiographs were obtained, and the focal kyphotic angle of the surgically treated spinal segments and the overall sagittal and coronal contours of the thoracic and lumbar spine were evaluated in all patients. Results The mean follow-up time was 84 months (range 36–96 months). All patients demonstrated clinical healing of the tuberculosis infection. All patients showed evidence of successful bone fusion. The mean late postoperative kyphosis correction was 74% (range 63–91%). On average, 2° (range 0–5°) of loss of correction was noted in the local kyphotic angle postoperatively in late follow-up findings. Evaluation of the surgical effect on sagittal global contours showed a significant correction rate in thoracic, thoracolumbar, and lumbar regions. The mean late postoperative coronal plane alignment correction was 99%. The ASIA Impairment Scale scores demonstrated significant improvement in late follow-up results in our series. Surgical decompression also resulted in a dramatic reduction of overall pain in all patients (late postoperative VAS score 1.61 ± 0.81). Conclusions Anterior tibial allografting and instrumentation provide correction of the curvature, prevention of further deformation, improvement of sagittal and coronal balance, and restoration of neurological function in patients with spinal tuberculosis.
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Wall, Bradford A., Alan Moskowitz, M. Camden Whitaker, Teresa L. Jones, Ryan M. Stuckey, Catherine L. Carr-Maben, and Alexander CM Chong. "Functional Outcomes of Thoracolumbar Junction Spine Fractures." Kansas Journal of Medicine 10, no. 2 (January 14, 2019): 30–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.17161/kjm.v10i2.8649.
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Introduction. Few studies have evaluated the functionaloutcomes of traumatic thoracic and lumbar vertebral bodyfractures. This study evaluated the functional and clinicaloutcomes of patients, who sustained a fracture to thethoracolumbar area of the spine (T10 to L2 region), with≥ 25° kyphosis versus those with less kyphotic curvature.
Methods. The trauma registry records of two level 1 traumacenters using ICD-9 codes for fracture to the thoracolumbarjuncture (T10 to L2 region) were reviewed. Kyphosis anglewas measured on the standing lateral thoracolumbar (T1 -L5) radiograph at initial trauma and at clinical follow-up.Functional outcome questionnaires, including the OswestryDisability Questionnaire (ODQ), the Roland Morris DisabilityQuestionnaire (RMDQ), and the Nottingham Health Profile(NHP), were evaluated at clinical follow-up. Work statusand medication used after trauma also were recorded.
Results. A total of 38 patients met the inclusive criteria. Seventeenpatients (45%) had ≥ 25° kyphosis and 21 patients (55%)had < 25° kyphosis at follow-up. These two groups were similarbased on sex and age. Based on the ODQ Score, the RMDQScore, and the NHP, no statistically significant differenceswere detected between the two groups in regards to energy,pain, mobility, emotional reaction, social isolation, and sleep.
Conclusions. Patients who sustained a fracture to the thoracolumbararea of the spine with ≥ 25° kyphosis do notreport worse clinical outcomes. When using the kyphosisangle as an indication for surgery, it should be used withcaution and not exclusively. KS J Med 2017;10(2):30-34.
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Janusz, Piotr, Wioleta Ostiak-Tomaszewska, Mateusz Kozinoga, and Tomasz Kotwicki. "Supine fulcrum bending test and in-cast correction of Scheuermann juvenile kyphosis." International Journal of Research in Orthopaedics 5, no. 2 (February 23, 2019): 206. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/issn.2455-4510.intjresorthop20190431.
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<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Patients with Scheuermann disease often require conservative management with a series of corrective casts, followed by anti-kyphotic brace. Flexibility of the kyphosis can be assessed during a supine fulcrum bending test. The aim of the study was to analyze the radiological flexibility of kyphosis and immediate in-cast correction in a series of patients conservatively treated.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> Eighty-six adolescents were conservatively treated for Scheuermann disease of thoracic location. Charts of 55 patients, 39 boys and 16 girls, were accessible. The mean age was 14.6±1.6 years. On the lateral full-cassette standing radiograph, the angle of thoracic and lumbar lordosis were measured. The flexibility of kyphosis was assessed on a supine fulcrum bending lateral radiograph. The in-cast kyphosis angle was measured on a standing lateral radiograph.<strong></strong></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> In 18 patients, a mild non-progressive scoliotic curvature was present; it did not exceed a Cobb angle measurement of 25°. The initial kyphosis angle was 59.2°±9.3°. The lordosis angle was 76.3°±9.3°. The kyphosis angle on supine fulcrum bending test was 30.4°±9.7°. The kyphosis angle in the reclining cast was 44.3°±12.5°. There was no correlation between age and the supine bending correction. There was a correlation between the correction obtained with the supine bending test and the immediate correction in the cast (r=0.64, p=0.0012).</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> The reduction of the kyphosis Cobb angle by supine fulcrum bending was 50% on average, while in the cast in standing position, only half of this correction was maintained.</p>
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Mizutani, Jun, Kushagra Verma, Kenji Endo, Ken Ishii, Kuniyoshi Abumi, Mitsuru Yagi, Naobumi Hosogane, et al. "Global Spinal Alignment in Cervical Kyphotic Deformity: The Importance of Head Position and Thoracolumbar Alignment in the Compensatory Mechanism." Neurosurgery 82, no. 5 (June 7, 2017): 686–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/neuros/nyx288.
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Abstract BACKGROUND Previous studies have evaluated cervical kyphosis (C-kypho) using cervical curvature or chin-brow vertical angle, but the relationship between C-kypho and global spinal alignment is currently unknown. OBJECTIVE To elucidate global spinal alignment and compensatory mechanisms in primary symptomatic C-kypho using full-spine radiography. METHODS In this retrospective multicenter study, symptomatic primary C-kypho patients (Cerv group; n = 103) and adult thoracolumbar deformity patients (TL group; n = 119) were compared. We subanalyzed Cerv subgroups according to sagittal vertical axis (SVA) values of C7 (SVAC7 positive or negative [C7P or C7N]). Various Cobb angles (°) and SVAs (mm) were evaluated. RESULTS SVAC7 values were –20.2 and 63.6 mm in the Cerv group and TL group, respectively (P < .0001). Various statistically significant compensatory curvatures were observed in the Cerv group, namely larger lumbar lordosis (LL) and thoracic kyphosis. The C7N group had significantly lower SVACOG (center of gravity of the head) and SVAC7 (32.9 and –49.5 mm) values than the C7P group (115.9 and 45.1 mm). Sagittal curvatures were also different in T4-12, T10-L2, LL4-S, and LL. The value of pelvic incidence (PI)-LL was different (C7N vs C7P; –2.2° vs 9.9°; P < .0003). Compensatory sagittal curvatures were associated with potential for shifting of SVAC7 posteriorly to adjust head position. PI-LL affected these compensatory mechanisms. CONCLUSION Compensation in symptomatic primary C-kypho was via posterior shifting of SVAC7, small T1 slope, and large LL. However, even in C-kypho patients, lumbar degeneration might affect global spinal alignment. Thus, global spinal alignment with cervical kyphosis is characterized as head balanced or trunk balanced.
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Akbar, Michael, Haidara Almansour, Renaud Lafage, Bassel G. Diebo, Bernd Wiedenhöfer, Frank Schwab, Virginie Lafage, and Wojciech Pepke. "Sagittal alignment of the cervical spine in the setting of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis." Journal of Neurosurgery: Spine 29, no. 5 (November 2018): 506–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2018.3.spine171263.
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OBJECTIVEThe goal of this study was to investigate the impact of thoracic and lumbar alignment on cervical alignment in patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS).METHODSEighty-one patients with AIS who had a Cobb angle > 40° and full-length spine radiographs were included. Radiographs were analyzed using dedicated software to measure pelvic parameters (sacral slope [SS], pelvic incidence [PI], pelvic tilt [PT]); regional parameters (C1 slope, C0–C2 angle, chin-brow vertical angle [CBVA], slope of line of sight [SLS], McRae slope, McGregor slope [MGS], C2–7 [cervical lordosis; CL], C2–7 sagittal vertical axis [SVA], C2–T3, C2–T3 SVA, C2–T1 Harrison measurement [C2–T1 Ha], T1 slope, thoracic kyphosis [TK], lumbar lordosis [LL], and PI-LL mismatch); and global parameters (SVA). Patients were stratified by their lumbar alignment into hyperlordotic (LL > 59.7°) and normolordotic (LL 39.3° to 59.7°) groups and also, based on their thoracic alignment, into hypokyphotic (TK < −33.1°) and normokyphotic (TK −33.1° to −54.9°) groups. Finally, they were grouped based on their global alignment into either an anterior-aligned group or a posterior-aligned group.RESULTSThe lumbar hyperlordotic group, in comparison to the normolordotic group, had a significantly larger LL, SS, PI (all p < 0.001), and TK (p = 0.014) and a significantly smaller PI-LL mismatch (p = 0.001). Lumbar lordosis had no influence on local cervical parameters.The thoracic hypokyphotic group had a significantly larger PI-LL mismatch (p < 0.002) and smaller T1 slope (p < 0.001), and was significantly more posteriorly aligned than the normokyphotic group (−15.02 ± 8.04 vs 13.54 ± 6.17 [mean ± SEM], p = 0.006). The patients with hypokyphotic AIS had a kyphotic cervical spine (cervical kyphosis [CK]) (p < 0.001). Furthermore, a posterior-aligned cervical spine in terms of C2–7 SVA (p < 0.006) and C2–T3 SVA (p < 0.001) was observed in the thoracic hypokyphotic group.Comparing patients in terms of global alignment, the posterior-aligned group had a significantly smaller T1 slope (p < 0.001), without any difference in terms of pelvic, lumbar, and thoracic parameters when compared to the anterior-aligned group. The posterior-aligned group also had a CK (−9.20 ± 1.91 vs 5.21 ± 2.95 [mean ± SEM], p < 0.001) and a more posterior-aligned cervical spine, as measured by C2–7 SVA (p = 0.003) and C2–T3 SVA (p < 0.001).CONCLUSIONSAlignment of the cervical spine is closely related to thoracic curvature and global alignment. In patients with AIS, a hypokyphotic thoracic alignment or posterior global alignment was associated with a global cervical kyphosis. Interestingly, upper cervical and cranial parameters were not statistically different in all investigated groups, meaning that the upper cervical spine was not recruited for compensation in order to maintain a horizontal gaze.
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Halmai, Vilmos, István Domán, Tamás de Jonge, and Tamás Illés. "Surgical treatment of spinal deformities associated with neurofibromatosis Type 1." Journal of Neurosurgery: Spine 97, no. 3 (October 2002): 310–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/spi.2002.97.3.0310.
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Object. In 10 to 50% of cases with neurofibromatosis, skeletal disorders are present, mainly as various deformities of the spine. These deformities can be divided into dystrophic and nondystrophic groups depending on the absence or presence of bone dystrophy. The nondystrophic curves are highly similar to those in idiopathic scoliosis, whereas the dystrophic curves are manifested early and, by progressing inexorably, may lead to neurological symptoms. In this article the authors report on a series of 12 patients (11 with dystrophic and one with nondystrophic deformities) who underwent surgical treatment. Methods. In the case with a nondystrophic curve, posterolateral instrumentation-assisted fusion was performed. A curvature correction of 70% was achieved in the frontal plane, and at the 2-year follow-up examination neither bone dysplasia nor pseudarthrosis was observed. In the cases with dystrophic curves, preoperative traction for 3 weeks was applied; anterior surgical release was then performed, as was two-stage posterior instrumentation-assisted fusion. In the cases of thoracic kyphoscoliosis in which this treatment protocol was performed, the mean scoliosis correction was 66%, whereas the mean decrease in kyphotic angle was 34.5°. In the cases with thoracolumbar and lumbar curves, the mean correction in the frontal plane was 69.8°, whereas the mean preoperative lumbar kyphosis of 42° was corrected to a mean lordotic angle of 23°. Postoperatively, no hook dislocation was detected. A neurological complication was observed in one case. Conclusions. The surgical treatment of dystrophic curves always included 360° fusion and the use of a tibial corticocancellous graft, which must be placed on the concave side of the curve in the frontal plane, the graft thereby providing biomechanical support.
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Lee, Ki Young, Jung-Hee Lee, Sang Kyu Im, Hae Sung Lim, and Gil Han. "Transiency of postoperative cervical kyphosis seen after surgical correction of sagittal malalignment in adult spinal deformity patients." PLOS ONE 16, no. 7 (July 19, 2021): e0254381. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0254381.
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Objective In this study, we evaluated factors affecting changes in cervical lordosis after deformity correction and during follow-up period in adult spinal deformity (ASD) patients with severe sagittal imbalance. Methods Seventy-nine patients, with an average age of 71.6 years, who underwent long-segment fixation from T10 to S1 with sacropelvic fixation were included. We performed a comparative analysis of the radiographic parameters after surgery (Post) and at the last follow-up (Last). We calculated the Pearson’s correlation coefficient and performed multilinear regression analysis to predict independent parameters for Post and Last cervical lordosis (CL), T1 slope (T1S), and thoracic kyphosis (TK). Results Hyperlordotic changes of -23.3° in CL before surgery was reduced to -7° after surgery, and Last CL had increased to -15.3°. T1S was reduced from 27° before surgery to 14.4° after surgery and had increased to 18.8° at the last follow-up. Through multilinear regression analysis, we found that Post CL and T1S were more significantly affected by the amount of LL correction (p = .045 and .049). The effect of Last T1S was significantly associated with the Last CL; the effect of Last TK, with the Last T1S; and the effect of Post PI-LL, with the Last TK (p < .05). Conclusion The postoperative kyphotic change in CL in ASD patients with preoperative cervical hyperlordosis is not permanent and is affected by drastic LL correction and SVA restoration. To achieve spinopelvic harmony proportional to the difference in LL relative to PI, TK becomes modified over time to increase T1S and CL, in an effort to achieve optimal spine curvature.
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Vissarionov, Sergei V., Ayrat R. Syundyukov, Dmitry N. Kokushin, Nikita O. Khusainov, and Michael A. Khardikov. "A comparative analysis of the surgical treatment of preschool children with congenital spinal deformation and isolated hemivertebra from the combined and dorsal approaches." Pediatric Traumatology, Orthopaedics and Reconstructive Surgery 7, no. 4 (January 20, 2020): 5–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/ptors745-14.
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Background. Currently, there are many studies on the evaluation of the results of surgical intervention and the comparative analysis of various surgical techniques for treating children with congenital spinal deformities. However, there is no consensus regarding the choice of surgical access to the abnormal vertebra that considers the duration of surgery, the volume of intraoperative blood loss, the degree of correction achieved during the intervention, the length of metal fixation, and the preservation of the result in the long-term observation period.
Aim. The goal is to identify the advantages and disadvantages of the dorsal and combined approaches to the surgical treatment of preschool children with congenital deformities of the thoracic and lumbar spine against the background of an isolated violation of the vertebral formation.
Materials and methods. A retrospective analysis of 56 patients under the age of five with congenital spinal deformities and a history of an isolated hemivertebra in the thoracic and lumbar regions who underwent one-stage hemivertebral extrusion from a dorsal approach (1st group: n = 30) or from a combined approach (2nd group: n = 26) was conducted.
Results. All patients showed improvement in the sagittal and frontal profiles of the spine. However, during separation in the first group of patients, a progression of the kyphotic component of the deformity in the lumbar spine from 19 to 8 was noted, while the correction value of the curvature of the scoliotic component remained stable. Intraoperative blood loss in the first group of patients was less (234 mL) compared with that in the second group (319 mL), while the duration of surgery was longer (310 min and 185 min, respectively). On average, in the first group, a longer metal structure was used to correct the spinal deformity compared with the second group.
Conclusions. The correction of the patients congenital spinal deformities with a single hemivertebra from a combined access approach allows a complete correction of the congenital curvature, the fixation of a smaller number of vertebrae, and the maintenance of a stable result in the long-term observation period compared with the dorsal approach. Isolated dorsal access to the hemivertebral body is characterized by less intraoperative blood loss compared with the combined approach, although the length of surgical intervention is increased.
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Lichota, Małgorzata, Magdalena Plandowska, and Patrycjusz Mil. "The Shape of Anterior-Posterior Curvatures of the Spine in Athletes Practising Selected Sports." Polish Journal of Sport and Tourism 18, no. 2 (June 1, 2011): 112–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10197-011-0009-3.
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The Shape of Anterior-Posterior Curvatures of the Spine in Athletes Practising Selected SportsIntroduction. Practising sport at the professional level brings about considerable spinal loads. As a result of an intensive effort, the adaptation abilities of vertebrae, intervertebral discs, ligaments and muscles decrease, which, in turn, influences the size of physiological curvatures of the spine and at the same time the quality of body posture. The aim of the work was to evaluate the shape of anterior-posterior curvatures of the spine and to define the frequency of occurrence of body posture types in athletes practising selected sports. Material and methods. The research was conducted among 46 athletes from the following sections: athletics, handball, volleyball and taekwondo. Inclination angles of the curvatures of the spine were defined with the use of a posturometer: α angle (upper-thoracic segment), β angle (thoracic-lumbar segment), γ angle (lumbar-sacral segment) as well as the level of thoracic kyphosis (χ) and lumbar lordosis (λ). Every athlete's body posture type was defined. Results. It was revealed that in the shape of anterior-posterior curvatures of the spine in the examined athletes the level of thoracic kyphosis was higher than the level of lumbar lordosis. In all the athletes the biggest values were observed in the inclination of the upper-thoracic segment, whereas the lowest ones (except for taekwondo competitors) in the inclination of the lumbar-sacral segment. The most common types of body posture were kyphotic and balanced types. No type-III kyphosis and type-III lordosis were observed. Athletes practising selected sports generally had a proper body posture. An improper posture, especially a wrong posture, was observed in few athletes. Conclusion. The specificity of movements performed during the training applied in a particular sport may influence the shape of anterior-posterior curvatures of the spine and thus the type of body posture.
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Mimura, Tetsuhiko, Shota Ikegami, Shugo Kuraishi, Masashi Uehara, Hiroki Oba, Takashi Takizawa, Ryo Munakata, Terue Hatakenaka, Michihiko Koseki, and Jun Takahashi. "Residual thoracolumbar/lumbar curve is related to self-image after posterior spinal fusion for Lenke 1 and 2 curves in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis patients." Journal of Neurosurgery: Pediatrics 26, no. 2 (August 2020): 211–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2020.2.peds19656.
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OBJECTIVEAlthough it is well known that major curve severity in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) is inversely related to self-image, surgeons often encounter patients who complain of low self-image with preoperatively mild curves or postoperatively well-corrected main curves, suggesting the presence of other factors. This study examined factors contributing to self-image in AIS.METHODSA total of 86 consecutive patients who underwent posterior spinal fusion for AIS Lenke 1 or 2 curves and were followed for a minimum of 2 years were included in this study of patient self-image based on data that included scores reported on the Scoliosis Research Society survey (SRS-22r). The authors evaluated sex, BMI, Risser grade, age, angle of trunk rotation, Cobb angle of the main thoracic (MT) curve, Cobb angle of the thoracolumbar/lumbar (TL/L) curve, apical vertebral translation (AVT), T5–12 kyphotic angle, and clavicular angle. Univariate and multivariate general linear models were employed to identify preoperative and 2-year postoperative factors that impact self-image.RESULTSUnivariate analysis revealed no significant correlation between preoperative MT curve Cobb angle and SRS-22r self-image score (p = 0.51), although patients with a higher MT curve AVT had a significantly worse preoperative self-image (p < 0.01). Two years postoperatively, larger Cobb angle of the TL/L curve (p = 0.01) and higher Risser grade (p = 0.03) resulted in significantly lower self-image scores. In multivariate testing, preoperative MT curve AVT remained significantly related to diminished self-image (p < 0.01). Two years later, higher TL/L curve (p < 0.01), Risser grade (p = 0.03), and MT curve AVT (p = 0.03) had significant associations with lower self-image scores.CONCLUSIONSPreoperative MT curve AVT appears more strongly related to self-image than does Cobb angle. Two years postoperatively, persistent TL/L region curvature and high Risser grade may also be associated with diminished patient self-image.
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López-Miñarro, Pedro Ángel, and Fernando Alacid Cárceles. "Cifosis funcional y actitud cifótica lumbar en piragüistas adolescentes (Functional kyphosis and lumbar kyphosis in adolescent paddlers)." Retos, no. 17 (March 9, 2015): 5–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.47197/retos.v0i17.34659.
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El objetivo de este estudio fue valorar la frecuencia de casos de cifosis funcional y actitud cifótica lumbar en piragüistas adolescentes. A un total de 140 piragüistas (media de edad: 13,67 ± 0,61 años) se les midió, mediante un inclinómetro, la disposición sagital del raquis dorsal y lumbar en bipedestación relajada y al realizar una flexión máxima del tronco en sedentación con rodillas extendidas (test de distancia dedos-planta). Al clasificar los valores angulares en base a las referencias de normalidad, un 63% de los deportistas tenían una curva dorsal normal en bipedestación, de los cuales un 91,2% presentaban un morfotipo cifótico leve o moderado en la posición de máxima flexión del tronco. En cuanto al raquis lumbar, el 68,5% tenía una curva normal en bipedestación, de los cuales el 83,9% presentaban un morfotipo cifótico en flexión máxima del tronco. En conclusión, existe un alto porcentaje de piragüistas con una disposición normal del raquis en bipedestación, pero con un morfotipo cifótico leve o moderado en flexión máxima del tronco. Es necesario incluir, en el control y seguimiento de estos deportistas, una valoración de la columna que incluya el estudio de la disposición sagital del raquis en flexión máxima del tronco.Palabra clave: raquis, torácico, lumbar, flexión máxima del tronco, bipedestación.Abstract: The objective of this study was to evaluate the frequency of functional kyphosis and lumbar kyphosis in adolescent paddlers. A total of 140 paddlers (mean age: 13,67 ± 0,61 years) participated in this study. The sagittal spinal curvatures (thoracic and lumbar curves) in relaxed standing and in maximal trunk flexion with knees extended (sit-and-reach test) were evaluated with an inclinometer. The analysis of angular values with respect to the normality references showed that 63% of athletes with normal thoracic curve in standing, while in maximal trunk flexion there were many athletes (91.2%) with a moderate or slight kyphotic posture. With respect to lumbar curve, 68.5% of the subjects had normal values in standing, while 83.9% showed lumbar kyphotic postures in maximal trunk flexion. In conclusion, there was a high percentage of paddlers with normal angular values in relaxed standing, although when maximal trunk flexion with knees extended was performed there was a significant increase of kyphotic postures in both thoracic and lumbar curves. For this reason, the evaluation of sagittal spinal curvatures of paddlers is an important variable to include in training planning.Key words: spine, thoracic, lumbar, maximal trunk bending, standing.
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Sainz de Baranda, Pilar, Pilar Andújar, Mónica Collazo-Diéguez, Antonio Pastor, Fernando Santonja-Renedo, María Teresa Martínez-Romero, Alba Aparicio-Sarmiento, Antonio Cejudo, Olga Rodríguez-Ferrán, and Fernando Santonja-Medina. "Sagittal standing spinal alignment and back pain in 8 to 12-year-old children from the Region of Murcia, Spain: The ISQUIOS Program." Journal of Back and Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation 33, no. 6 (November 11, 2020): 1003–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/bmr-191727.
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BACKGROUND: The child’s spine shows changes in posture and balance of its curvatures during growth and musculoskeletal spinal conditions are likely to develop, such as back pain (BP). OBJECTIVE: The purposes of this study were (a) to describe the sagittal spinal alignment in a relaxed standing position and (b) to analyze its association with BP among 8 to 12-year-old children. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study. A total of 731 elementary schoolchildren (379 girls and 352 boys), from 16 Spanish schools, participated. An unilevel inclinometer was used to quantify the sagittal spinal curvatures (thoracic and lumbar) in a relaxed standing position. Sagittal spinal morphotype was analyzed by sex, age, weight, height, and BMI. Children’s parents or legal guardians filled in a questionnaire according to the children’s responses about the BP suffered in the previous week and the preceding year. RESULTS: The mean angular value of thoracic kyphosis was 36.08 ± 8.99∘ and significantly higher in males than in females (p= 0.036). In contrast, the mean value of lumbar lordosis was 32.11 ± 7.46∘, being higher in females than in men (p< 0.01). The thoracic curve tends to increase by age (p= 0.003). Children who had low back pain (LBP) in the previous week had a significantly greater lumbar curve (35.88 ± 8.20∘) than those who did not have LBP in the preceding week (32.24 ± 7.30∘). The angle for lumbar curvature was a small predictor of LBP occurrence in the assessed children (OR = 1.082 [small]; 95% CI = 1.009–1.160, p= 0.028). CONCLUSIONS: To conclude, almost 3/4 of the students were classified with normal thoracic kyphosis; however, 27.36% of the students had thoracic hyperkyphosis. Lumbar hyperlordosis was identified in 9.05% of the students, and was 2.5 times more frequent in girls. The lumbar curvature was a small predictor of LBP occurrence in the assessed children and the angle of lumbar curvature that most accurately identified individuals at risk of developing LBP was determined to be 33∘. The results of this study indicate the need to assess sagittal spinal curvatures at school during development ages.
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Briggs, Andrew M., Jaap H. van Dieën, Tim V. Wrigley, Alison M. Greig, Bev Phillips, Sing Kai Lo, and Kim L. Bennell. "Thoracic Kyphosis Affects Spinal Loads and Trunk Muscle Force." Physical Therapy 87, no. 5 (May 1, 2007): 595–607. http://dx.doi.org/10.2522/ptj.20060119.
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Background and Purpose Patients with increased thoracic curvature often come to physical therapists for management of spinal pain and disorders. Although treatment approaches are aimed at normalizing or minimizing progression of kyphosis, the biomechanical rationales remain unsubstantiated. Subjects Forty-four subjects (mean age [±SD]=62.3±7.1 years) were dichotomized into high kyphosis and low kyphosis groups. Methods Lateral standing radiographs and photographs were captured and then digitized. These data were input into biomechanical models to estimate net segmental loading from T2–L5 as well as trunk muscle forces. Results The high kyphosis group demonstrated significantly greater normalized flexion moments and net compression and shear forces. Trunk muscle forces also were significantly greater in the high kyphosis group. A strong relationship existed between thoracic curvature and net segmental loads (r =.85–.93) and between thoracic curvature and muscle forces (r =.70–.82). Discussion and Conclusion This study provides biomechanical evidence that increases in thoracic kyphosis are associated with significantly higher multisegmental spinal loads and trunk muscle forces in upright stance. These factors are likely to accelerate degenerative processes in spinal motion segments and contribute to the development of dysfunction and pain.
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García Vélez, Antonio Joaquín. "Descripción del morfotipo raquídeo en diferentes posiciones en tenistas jóvenes (Description of young tennis players’ spinal morphotype in different positions)." Retos, no. 36 (February 2, 2019): 174–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.47197/retos.v36i36.65707.
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La práctica deportiva sistemática puede conllevar adaptaciones en el morfotipo raquídeo. Varios estudios han mostrado diferentes morfotipos raquídeos en función de la disciplina practicada, así como mejoras en la movilidad global de la columna en bailarinas de flamenco o asimetrías posturales entre jugadores adolescentes de voleibol y sedentarios. Por lo que se pretende describir el morfotipo raquídeo de tenistas adolescentes en diferentes posiciones. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 40 tenistas varones entre los 14 y 18 años (media de edad: 16,35 ± 1,82 años; talla media: 1,71± 0,14 metros; masa media: 67,45 ± 10,11 kilogramos) y una frecuencia de entrenamiento de 3 sesiones por semana durante al menos 4 años. Se exploró la disposición angular del raquis torácico y lumbar y el ángulo de inclinación pélvica mediante el Spinal Mouse. Los resultados mostraron en la bipedestación relajada, un 79,5% de los sujetos dentro los valores de normalidad; en la sedentación relajada, más de la mitad de los sujetos presentaron cifosis leves y moderadas, tanto en la zona lumbar como torácica; y en los test de distancia DD-S y DD-P se observó una cifosis moderada en la zona lumbar en un 94,9% y un 71,8% de los casos respectivamente. Por lo tanto, en bipedestación, la mayoría de los tenistas presentan unos valores angulares torácicos y lumbares normales, mientras que en la sedentación relajada los valores de normalidad se reducen a la mitad en ambas curvaturas. Por su parte, en la flexión máxima del tronco, se presentan morfotipos cifóticos en ambas curvaturas evidenciando una cifosis funcional. Abstract. Systematic sports practice can provoke adaptations in the spinal morphotype. Several studies have shown different spinal morphotypes depending on the discipline practiced, as well as improvements in the overall mobility of the spine in flamenco dancers, or postural asymmetries among adolescent volleyball players and sedentary youth. Therefore, we intend to describe the spinal morphotype of adolescent tennis players in different positions. The sample consisted of 40 male tennis players between 14 and 18 years old (mean age: 16.35 ± 1.82 years, average height: 1.71 ± 0.14 meters, average weight: 67.45 ± 10.11 kilograms) and a training frequency of 3 sessions per week for at least 4 years. The angular disposition of the thoracic and lumbar spine, as well as the pelvic tilt angle, were measured using Spinal Mouse. Results showed that in relaxed standing, 79.5% of the subjects laid within normal values; in slumped sitting, more than half of the subjects presented mild and moderate kyphosis, both in the lumbar and thoracic curvatures; and in the DD-S and DD-P distance tests, a moderate kyphosis was observed in the lumbar spine in 94.9% and 71.8% of the cases respectively. Therefore, most tennis players present normal thoracic and lumbar angle values while standing, whereas in slumped sitting normality values are reduced by half in both curvatures. On the other hand, kyphotic morphotypes appear in both curvatures during maximum flexion of the trunk, evidencing a functional kyphosis
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Pesenti, Sébastien, Antoine Chalopin, Emilie Peltier, Elie Choufani, Matthieu Ollivier, Stéphane Fuentes, Benjamin Blondel, and Jean-Luc Jouve. "How Sublaminar Bands Affect Postoperative Sagittal Alignment in AIS Patients with Preoperative Hypokyphosis? Results of a Series of 34 Patients with 2-Year Follow-Up." BioMed Research International 2016 (2016): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/1954712.
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Hypokyphosis is currently observed in thoracic idiopathic scoliosis. The use of sublaminar bands allows a good restoration of sagittal balance of the spine. The aim of the study was to provide a middle-term radiographic analysis of patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis with preoperative hypokyphosis treated by posterior arthrodesis with sublaminar bands. This retrospective study included 34 patients with Lenke 1 scoliosis associated with hypokyphosis (TK < 20°). A radiographic evaluation was performed with a 2-year follow-up. Cobb angle, cervical lordosis, thoracic kyphosis, lumbar lordosis, and pelvic parameters were measured preoperatively, postoperatively, and at 6-month and 2-year follow-up. The mean preoperative thoracic kyphosis was 10.5° versus 24.1° postoperatively (p<0.001), representing a mean gain of 13°. Cobb angle ranged from 59.3° to 17.9° postoperatively (mean correction 69%,p<0.001). Cobb angle increased between the immediate postoperative measurement and the 6-month follow-up (17.9 versus 19.9,p=0.03). Cervical curvature changed from a 5.6° kyphosis to a 3.5° lordosis (p=0.001). Concerning lumbar lordosis, preoperative measurement was 39.7° versus 41.3° postoperatively (p=0.27). At 6-month follow-up, lumbar lordosis significantly increased to 43.6° (p=0.03). All parameters were stable at final follow-up. Correction performed by sublaminar bands is efficient for both fontal and sagittal planes. Moreover, the restoration of normal thoracic kyphosis is followed by an adaptation of the adjacent curvatures with improved cervical lordosis and lumbar lordosis.
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Grabara, Małgorzata. "Effects of 8-months yoga training on shaping the spine in people over 55." Biomedical Human Kinetics 5, no. 1 (November 15, 2013): 59–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/bhk-2013-0009.
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Summary Study aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of hatha yoga practices on the shaping of the anteroposterior (AP) spinal curvatures in students of the University of the Third Age, who participated in hatha yoga classes. Material and methods: 20 women and 5 men took part in the study. Hatha yoga classes were held once a week for 90 minutes over a period of 8 months along with additional exercises including basic positions of hatha yoga in home conditions 1-2 times a week for about 30 minutes. The inclination of the AP curvatures of the spine was measured twice, before and after the end of the classes. A Rippstein plurimeter was used for the measurements. R esults: Measurements of the angle of thoracic kyphosis before starting the series of hatha yoga classes and after finishing them showed a decrease in thoracic curvature in female (p < 0.01). In case of the angle of lumbar lordosis, a reduction in this curvature as a result of yoga techniques has been observed in women (p < 0.01) too. Amounts of AP curvatures of the spine, measured after completing the series of hatha yoga classes, fluctuated around correct values better than before taking them up. Conclusion: This study has shown that yoga training leads to an improvement in the habitual body posture in case of aggravating (excessive) AP curvatures of the spine.
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PINTO, EDUARDO MOREIRA, JORGE ALVES, ARTUR TEIXEIRA, and ANTÓNIO MIRANDA. "SAGITTAL BALANCE IN ADOLESCENT IDIOPATHIC SCOLIOSIS." Coluna/Columna 18, no. 3 (September 2019): 182–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1808-185120191803191004.
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ABSTRACT Objective The objective of this study is to achieve a better understanding of the parameters that influence sagittal balance in a population with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS). Methods A retrospective study of 80 patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) was conducted. The parameters evaluated were: age, sex, pelvic incidence (PI), sacral slop (SS), pelvic tilt (PT), sagittal balance (SB), coronal balance (CB), lumbar lordosis (LL), thoracic kyphosis (TK) divided into upper (between T1 and T5) and lower (between T5 and T12), cervical spine alignment (CSA), and Cobb’s coronal angle (CCA) of primary scoliotic curvature. Results Regarding the sagittal balance, this study demonstrated a significant statistical positive correlation with cervical shape (p<0.01) and upper thoracic kyphosis (from T1 to T5) (p<0.05), but not with the other variables. LL had a strong influence on lower thoracic curvature (from T5 to T12) and was strongly influenced by the PI and SS. Conclusions Sagittal balance is a parameter that is influenced by multiple factors. In fact, it is closely related to cervical shape and the upper thoracic curvature (from T1 to T5), which in turn, is closely linked to the severity of the scoliotic kyphosis. The Cobb angle of the lower thoracic spine (from T5 to T12) is more closely correlated with the angle of lumbar lordosis than with the upper thoracic kyphosis (from T1 to T5). Level of evidence IV; Case Series.
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López-Miñarro, Pedro A., and Jose M. Muyor. "Comparison of sagittal spinal curvatures and pelvic tilt in highly trained athletes from different sport disciplines." Kinesiology 49, no. 1 (2017): 109–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.26582/k.49.1.2.
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The aim of this study was to compare the thoracic and lumbar curvatures and pelvic tilt in relaxed standing and maximal trunk flexion among highly-trained young athletes from three different sports disciplines. Thirty-two male canoeists, 30 male kayakers and 24 male tennis players were recruited for the study. The Spinal Mouse® system was used to measure the thoracic and lumbar sagittal spinal curvatures and pelvic tilt in relaxed standing and maximal trunk flexion in sitting with flexed (McRae & Wright test) and extended knees (sit-and-reach test). Significant differences were found in maximal trunk flexion tests among athletes. Kayakers and canoeists showed increased anterior pelvic tilt compared to tennis players in the McRae & Wright (p<.01) and decreased posterior pelvic tilt in the sit-and-reach (p<.001) tests; however, canoeists had increased posterior pelvic tilt compared to kayakers in the sit-and-reach test (p<.01). Canoeists had increased thoracic kyphosis curvature compared to kayakers (p<.01) and tennis players (p<.001) in the sit-and-reach test. Spinal sagittal curvatures and pelvic tilt in relaxed standing did not show significant differences. In conclusion, specific sport training may be associated with adaptations in the sagittal spinal curvatures and pelvic tilt when maximal trunk flexion positions are performed.
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Grabara, Małgorzata. "Spinal curvatures of yoga practitioners compared to control participants—a cross-sectional study." PeerJ 9 (September 16, 2021): e12185. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.12185.
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Purpose The angles of thoracic kyphosis and lumbar lordosis determine the spinal alignment in the sagittal plane. The aim of this study was to compare the thoracic kyphosis and lumbar lordosis of male and female yoga practitioners with non-practicing participants and to determine the possible dependencies between sagittal spinal curvatures and somatic parameters, time spent on yoga exercise, and undertaking other physical activities in yoga practitioners. Methods The study involved 576 women and 91 men ages 18–68 years (mean = 38.5 ± 9) who were practicing yoga, and 402 women and 176 men ages 18–30 years (mean = 20.2 ± 1.3) as a control group. The angles of thoracic kyphosis and lumbar lordosis were measured using a Plurimeter-V gravity inclinometer. Results The two-way ANOVA demonstrated the influence of group (p < .0001) and sex (p = .03) on the angle of thoracic kyphosis, as well as the influence of group (p < .0001) and sex (p < .0001) on the angle of lumbar lordosis. It was noted that yoga practitioners had less pronounced thoracic kyphosis and lumbar lordosis and were more often characterized by normal or smaller thoracic kyphosis and lumbar lordosis than students from the control group. In yoga practitioners, the angle of thoracic kyphosis was positively correlated with age, body mass, BMI, and undertaking other forms of physical activity. The angle of lumbar lordosis was negatively correlated with body height and body mass. Conclusions The results suggest that yoga exercises can affect the shape of the anterior-posterior curves of the spine and may be an efficient training method for shaping proper posture in adults.
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Twarowska-Grybalow, Natalia, and Aleksandra Truszczyńska-Baszak. "The Sizes of Spine Curvatures of Children That Practice Selected Sports." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20, no. 3 (January 19, 2023): 1826. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20031826.
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(1) Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the shape of the spine curves in the cervical, thoracic and lumbar sections of children that practice selected sports. (2) Methods: The body posture of the examined children was assessed using the digital photography method, i.e., the Moiré method. Selected parameters characterizing the curvature of the spine (the Alpha, Beta and Gamma angles, the size of kyphosis in the thoracic spine and the size of lordosis in the lumbar spine) were analyzed. (3) Results: The study of the body posture using the Moiré method allowed for the assessment of the angles that determine the size of the spine’s curvature. The analysis of differences among the groups included in the study (football, swimming, biathlon/taekwondo, volleyball) was carried out on the basis of one-dimensional models that take into account the distributions of individual parameters. On the basis of the Alpha, Beta and Gamma angles, it was possible to calculate the size of kyphosis in the thoracic section and the size of lordosis in the lumbar spine. There was a statistically significant difference in the size of the Alpha, Beta and Gamma parameters among the groups. (4) Conclusions: Most of the respondents had the correct body posture in the sagittal plane, regardless of the type of sport they practiced. Our results did not allow us to unequivocally state whether practicing various sports and having different training loads resulting from these sports have a negative or positive effect on the size of the anterior–posterior curvatures of the spine.
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Alves, Débora Pinheiro Lédio, Vera Lúcia dos Santos Alves, and Osmar Avanzi. "Analysis of musculoskeletal changes in patients with postural roundback." Coluna/Columna 13, no. 3 (September 2014): 188–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1808-18512014130300389.
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OBJECTIVE: To analyze the clinical and radiographic changes in patients with postural rounded upper back. METHODS: 30 patients diagnosed with postural rounded upper back were studied, being 22 male and eight female, aged between 10 and 20 years, referred by the outpatient clinic of the Grupo de Cirurgia da Coluna of the Irmandade da Santa Casa de Misericórdia de São Paulo, SP, Brazil. Patients underwent assessment of posture, special tests to check for muscle retractions and radiographic examination to measure the curvatures of spine using the Cobb method. RESULTS/CONCLUSION: It is concluded that in the postural roundback there is a moderate increase of the thoracic kyphosis; the lumbar and cervical curvatures do not increase as a compensatory mechanism; the head appears anteriorized and the shoulder is also anteriorized and medially rotated; muscle retractions are present in the hamstrings, hip flexors, pectoralis minor and adductors of the shoulder muscles; the mobility of the lumbar spine is preserved and there is no relationship between the magnitude of thoracic curvature and the retraction of the hamstring muscles.
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Lang-Tapia, Morin, Vanesa España-Romero, Juan Anelo, and Manuel J. Castillo. "Differences on Spinal Curvature in Standing Position by Gender, Age and Weight Status Using a Noninvasive Method." Journal of Applied Biomechanics 27, no. 2 (May 2011): 143–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jab.27.2.143.
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This aim was to examine differences on lumbar lordosis and thoracic kyphosis in standing position by gender, age and weight status in healthy subjects using a noninvasive method. A total of 297 women (36.6 ± 7.3 years) and 362 men (39.8 ± 7.5 years) participated in this study. Participants were categorized according to the international BMI (kg/m2) cut-off points. Age was stratified by ten years increments starting from 20 y. Men showed smaller lumbar lordosis (17.3 ± 9.3) and larger thoracic kyphosis (42.8 ± 8.8°) than women (29.6 ± 11.3 and 40.4 ± 9.5° respectively; bothp< .001). Older groups presented smaller lumbar lordosis and larger thoracic kyphosis values compared with the 20–29 y group (20.9 ± 10.4, 20.8 ± 11.2 and 23.6 ± 12.6° for ≥50, 40–49 and 30–39 y, respectively vs. 26.7 ± 12.2° for 20–29 y in lumbar lordosis and 42.6 ± 9.8, 42.61 ± 8.7 and 41.8 ± 8.9° for ≥50, 40–49 and 30–39 y, respectively vs. 37.5 ± 10.9° for 20–29 y in thoracic kyphosis; bothp< .05). Finally, overweight and obese groups showed smaller lumbar lordosis (19.4 ± 11.1 and 20.9 ± 11.8° respectively) and larger thoracic kyphosis values (42.7 ± 8.9 and 42.8 ± 9.4° respectively) compared with nonoverweight participants (25.1 ± 12.4 and 40.6 ± 9.2° for lumbar lordosis and thoracic kyphosis respectively; allp< .05). However, when gender, age and weight status were take into account all together only gender seems to influence the lumbar lordosis curvature. The results of this study suggest that gender could be the only determinant factor of lumbar lordosis in healthy people.
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Goh, S., R. I. Price, P. J. Leedman, and K. P. Singer. "RASTERSTEREOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS OF THE THORACIC SAGITTAL CURVATURE: A RELIABILITY STUDY." Journal of Musculoskeletal Research 03, no. 02 (June 1999): 137–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218957799000142.
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Limitations associated with radiological evaluation of spinal curvature have resulted in the increased application of noninvasive optical imaging systems to define various shape parameters of the spine. There is little information describing the reliability of the measurement of the thoracic spine upright posture using these imaging systems. The objective of this study was to examine the reliability of thoracic kyphosis measurement from noninvasive back surface analysis. Repeated imaging of back shape was performed in 10 volunteers of widely different ages (range 19–64 years), and in a back phantom, utilizing the Jenoptik Formetric video rasterstereography imaging system. Coefficients of variation (CV) for five repeated measurements of the subjects ranged from 2.4% to 3.0% for the kyphosis parameters measured. The reproducible nature of derived angles was further reflected by low standard deviation values (1.2° to 2.0°). Inter-trial CV values for repeated imaging of the back phantom ranged from 0.4% to 1.3%. High intraclass correlation coefficients were noted for all the measurements (0.98 to 0.99). Consistent results were demonstrated across the varying age cohorts. The reliability of rasterstereographic evaluation of thoracic kyphosis is largely influenced by the variability in subject posture, with minimal errors arising from internal system inaccuracies. These results confirm the utility of rasterstereographic back shape imaging in the detection of relatively small curve changes and hence its potential clinical role in monitoring kyphosis progression.
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Czaprowski, Dariusz, Paulina Pawłowska, Aleksandra Kolwicz-Gańko, Dominik Sitarski, and Agnieszka Kędra. "The Influence of the “Straighten Your Back” Command on the Sagittal Spinal Curvatures in Children with Generalized Joint Hypermobility." BioMed Research International 2017 (2017): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/9724021.
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Objectives. The aim of the study was to assess the change of sagittal spinal curvatures in children with generalized joint hypermobility (GJH) instructed with “straighten your back” command (SYB).Methods. The study included 56 children with GJH. The control group consisted of 193 children. Sacral slope (SS), lumbar lordosis (LL), global thoracic kyphosis (TK), lower thoracic kyphosis (LK), and upper thoracic kyphosis (UK) were assessed with Saunders inclinometer both in spontaneous positions (standing and sitting) and after the SYB.Results. Children with GJH after SYB presented the following: in standing, increase in SS and decrease in TK, LK, and UK (P<0.01), with LL not significantly changed; in sitting: decrease in global thoracic kyphosis (35.5° (SD 20.5) versus 21.0° (SD 15.5),P<0.001) below the standards proposed in the literature (30–40°) and flattening of its lower part (P<0.001). The same changes were observed in the control group.Conclusions. In children with generalized joint hypermobility, the “straighten your back” command leads to excessive reduction of the global thoracic kyphosis and flattening of its lower part. Therefore, the “straighten your back” command should not be used to achieve the optimal standing and sitting positions.
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Tunç, Y. "THU0403 THE EFFECT OF SPINAL STABILIZATION EXERCISES ON SPINAL CURVES DIAGNOSED WITH ANKYLOSING SPONDYLITIS." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 79, Suppl 1 (June 2020): 439.2–439. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-eular.6458.
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Background:Postural deformities can cause changes in spinal curvatures patients with ankylosing spondylitis. In these patients, preventive and therapeutic approaches are needed for spinal deformities (1). Positive effects of the spinal stabilization exercises are manifested in reducing pain, maintaining mobility, improving posture, increasing aerobic capacity and improving quality of life (2).Objectives:The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of stabilization exercises on spinal curvatures in s ankylosing spondylitis patients.Methods:Twenty-eight ankylosing spondylitis patients (25 females, 3 males) with a mean age of 30.87 ± 9.13 years were included in the stabilization exercises program. The patients performed spinal stabilization exercises two days a week for six weeks. Stabilization training includes training of deep muscles providing diaphragmatic breathing, neutral spine position control training and local motor control, and motor control training of global muscles, dynamic stabilization exercises and strengthening training. Thoracic kyphosis and lumbar lordosis curvature of patients in an upright position were evaluated with Spinal Mouse (SM) device before and after therapy program. The SM device is a reliable, valid, safe, quick method that can be used in the clinics and researches of the adults with no side effects.Results:At the end of 6 weeks of treatment, there was a decrease in the total curvature degree of the thoracic vertebrae in the sagittal axis (p=0.026). No significant difference was found in the lumbal region (p= 0.109).Table 1.Differences of Total Curve DegreesPre-Exercises ProgramMean±SDPost-ExercisesProgramMean±SDzpThoracal Total Curve Degrees43.50±8.1142.57±7.70-2.232*0.026Lumbal Total Curve Degrees-26.42±8.46-23.77±7.15-1.6040.109*p<0.05, SD: Standart DeviationConclusion:Stabilization exercises are effective in reducing thoracic kyphosis in patients with ankylosing spondylitis patients. The use of these exercises in treatment programs will contribute significantly to improving spinal alignment and preventing postural deformities.References:[1]Grazio, S., Grubišić, F., & Brnić, V. (2019). Rehabilitation of patients with spondyloarthritis: a narrative review.Medicinski Glasnik,16(2).[2]Gunay, S. M., Keser, I., & Bicer, Z. T. (2018). The effects of balance and postural stability exercises on spa based rehabilitation programme in patients with ankylosing spondylitis.Journal of back and musculoskeletal rehabilitation,31(2), 337-346.Disclosure of Interests: :None declared
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Klineberg, Eric, Frank Schwab, Christopher Ames, Richard Hostin, Shay Bess, Justin S. Smith, Munish C. Gupta, et al. "Acute Reciprocal Changes Distant from the Site of Spinal Osteotomies Affect Global Postoperative Alignment." Advances in Orthopedics 2011 (2011): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4061/2011/415946.
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Introduction. Three-column vertebral resections are frequently applied to correct sagittal malalignment; their effects on distant unfused levels need to be understood.Methods. 134 consecutive adult PSO patients were included (29 thoracic, 105 lumbar). Radiographic analysis included pre- and postoperative regional curvatures and pelvic parameters, with paired independentt-tests to evaluate changes.Results. A thoracic osteotomy with limited fusion leads to a correction of the kyphosis and to a spontaneous decrease of the unfused lumbar lordosis (−8°). When the fusion was extended, the lumbar lordosis increased (+8°). A lumbar osteotomy with limited fusion leads to a correction of the lumbar lordosis and to a spontaneous increase of the unfused thoracic kyphosis (+13°). When the fusion was extended, the thoracic kyphosis increased by 6°.Conclusion. Data from this study suggest that lumbar and thoracic resection leads to reciprocal changes in unfused segments and requires consideration beyond focal corrections.
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Picelli, Alessandro, Giuliano Mazzocco, and Nicola Smania. "Trunk Posture Adaptations during Sitting on Dynamic Stool: A Validation Study." Applied Sciences 10, no. 21 (October 27, 2020): 7567. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10217567.
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Back pain is a complex condition that results from multiple factors including sitting issues such as the chair type and spinal sitting posture. The physiological spinal curvature on the sagittal plane represents a typical feature of good body posture. Sitting postures matching the physiological shape of the spine on the sagittal plane during standing are deemed advantageous from a postural point of view. The aim of this study was to validate a novel dynamic stool by comparing trunk posture adaptations on the sagittal plane during dynamic sitting vs. conventional sitting (standard stool) in healthy people. In total, 100 healthy adults were included. Age, sex and body mass index were recorded. Thoracic kyphosis and lumbar lordosis were measured with the IncliMed® goniometer during standing posture, conventional sitting posture (standard stool) and dynamic sitting posture (novel dynamic stool). Sitting posture was maintained for 2 min before evaluation. Thoracic kyphosis and lumbar lordosis were significantly different between standing vs. sitting (dynamic and conventional) posture (p < 0.001) and between dynamic vs. conventional sitting posture (p < 0.001). Sitting on the novel dynamic stool tested in this study was shown to provide a greater match of thoracic kyphosis and lumbar lordosis with the physiological spinal curvature on the sagittal plane during standing than conventional sitting.
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Sainz de Baranda, Pilar, Antonio Cejudo, Victor Jesus Moreno-Alcaraz, Maria Teresa Martinez-Romero, Alba Aparicio-Sarmiento, and Fernando Santonja-Medina. "Sagittal spinal morphotype assessment in 8 to 15 years old Inline Hockey players." PeerJ 8 (January 2, 2020): e8229. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.8229.
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Background Physiological sagittal spinal curvatures play an important role in health and performance in sports. For that reason, several scientific studies have assessed spinal morphology in young athletes. However, to our knowledge, no study has assessed the implications of Inline Hockey (IH) practice on sagittal integrative spinal morphotype in adolescent players. Objectives The aims of the present study were to describe habitual sagittal spinal posture in young federated IH players and its relationship with training load and to determine the sagittal integrative spinal morphotype in these players. Methods An observational analysis was developed to describe the sagittal spinal morphotype in young federated IH players. A total of 74 IH players from the Technification Plan organized by the Skating Federation of the Valencian Community (aged from 8 to 15 years) participated in the study. Thoracic and lumbar curvatures of the spine were measured in a relaxed standing position (SP), in a slump sitting position (SSP) and in maximum flexion of the trunk (MFT) to determine the “Sagittal Integrative Morphotype” of all players. An unilevel inclinometer was used to quantify the sagittal spinal curvatures. The Hip Joint Angle test was used to quantify the Lumbo-Horizontal angle in flexion (L-H fx) of all participants with a goniometer. Results When thoracic curvature was analyzed according to normality references, it was found that 64.9% of IH players had thoracic hyperkyphosis in a SSP, while 60.8% and 74.3% of players were classified as normal in a SP and in MFT, respectively. As for the lumbar curve, 89.2% in a SP and 55.4% in MFT were normal, whereas 68.9% of IH players presented lumbar hyperkyphosis in a SSP. Regarding the “Sagittal Integrative Morphotype,” only 17.6% of players were classified as “Normal” in the three measured positions for the thoracic curve, while 37.8% had “Thoracic Hyperkyphosis” and 41.8% presented “Functional Thoracic Hyperkyphosis.” As for the “Sagittal Integrative Lumbar Morphotype,” only 23% of athletes had a normal curve in the three positions, whereas 66.2% presented “Functional Lumbar Hyperkyphosis.” When the L-H fx was evaluated, the results showed that only 16.2% of the athletes were classified as normal. Conclusions Federative IH practice seems to cause specific adaptations in spinal sagittal morphotype. Taking into account the “Sagittal Integrative Morphotype” only 17.6% IH players presented “Normal Morphotype” with a normal thoracic kyphosis in the three measured positions, while only 23% IH players presented “Normal Morphotype” with a normal lumbar curvature in the three assessed positions. Furthermore, only 16.2% of IH players showed normal pelvic tilt. Exercise programs to prevent or rehabilitate these imbalances in young IH players are needed.
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Cejudo, Antonio, Sebastián Gómez-Lozano, Pilar Sainz de Baranda, Alfonso Vargas-Macías, and Fernando Santonja-Medina. "Sagittal Integral Morphotype of Female Classical Ballet Dancers and Predictors of Sciatica and Low Back Pain." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 9 (May 10, 2021): 5039. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18095039.
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The aims of this study were to describe the sagittal integral morphotype (SIM) of classical ballet (CB) dancers, and to establish predictor factors and their cut off values for high risk of experiencing sciatica or low back pain (LBP). This retrospective cohort study was performed in 33 female professional CB dancers. Data related to anthropometric parameters, CB dance experience, sciatica or LBP history, and sagittal spine curvatures were collected. A binary logistic regression and receiver-operating characteristic analysis were performed. The main spine misalignments observed in the SIM of CB dancers were thoracic functional hyperkyphosis, hypomobile kyphosis, and hypokyphosis, and those for the lumbar curvature were hyperlordotic attitude and functional hyperkyphosis. The lumbar curvature in slump sitting and trunk forward bending positions, together with the stature, were significant predictor factors of sciatica history, while the years of dance experience was a significant predictor factor of LBP history. The cut off values analysis revealed that dancers with a stature of 161 cm or less, and those with 14 years of experience or more, have a greater probability of experiencing sciatica or LBP history, respectively.
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Hwang, Steven W., Amer F. Samdani, Baron S. Lonner, Michelle C. Marks, Tracey P. Bastrom, Randal R. Betz, and Patrick J. Cahill. "A multicenter analysis of factors associated with change in height after adolescent idiopathic scoliosis deformity surgery in 447 patients." Journal of Neurosurgery: Spine 18, no. 3 (March 2013): 298–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2012.12.spine12870.
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Object In the surgical management of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS), patients are often preoperatively informed that they will gain height as a result of their surgery. However, current estimations conflict significantly and do not have any clinical correlation. The authors developed a formula that would predict postoperative gains in height after deformity correction in AIS. Methods A large, multicenter, prospective database was retrospectively queried for AIS patients with Lenke Type 1, 2, or 3 curves having undergone posterior spinal fusion alone. A univariate and multivariate analysis was performed to identify which factors contributed significantly to changes in height. Results Four hundred forty-seven patients were included in the series. Factors correlating with changes in postoperative height included: upper thoracic curve magnitude, main thoracic curve magnitude, lumbar curve magnitude, T2–12 kyphosis, T5–12 kyphosis, curve flexibility, number of levels fused, presence of Ponte osteotomies, total preoperative coronal Cobb angle, change in coronal curve magnitude, total preoperative sagittal curvature, change in sagittal curvature, and thoracic curve correction. When combined in a multivariate regression analysis the following variables remained significant: thoracic curve magnitude (p < 0.01), number of levels fused (p < 0.01), change in total sagittal curvature (p < 0.01), and the presence of osteotomies (p = 0.03). The contribution from the thoracic curve magnitude was significantly greater than any of the other parameters identified (R2 = 0.140). Change in height (in cm) = ([thoracic curve magnitude × 0.039] + [number of levels fused × 0.193] − [change in sagittal curvature × 0.033] + [x × 0.375]) − 1.858, where x = 1 if 1 or more osteotomies were performed and x = 0 if no osteotomy was performed. Conclusions The authors' results suggest that changes in the coronal plane contribute more significantly to height changes than those in the sagittal plane and approximately 0.39 cm of height gain can be expected for each 10° of coronal curve preoperatively. Unfortunately, a significant fraction of the postoperative height changes cannot be predicted by currently measured parameters.
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Goh, S., R. I. Price, P. J. Leedman, and K. P. Singer. "AGE-INDEPENDENT CORRELATION OF OPTICALLY DETERMINED THORACIC KYPHOSIS WITH LUMBAR SPINE BONE MINERAL DENSITY." Journal of Musculoskeletal Research 03, no. 04 (December 1999): 267–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218957799000294.
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The thoracic spine is susceptible to age-related increases in the sagittal curve, a process which is accentuated in osteoporosis. Previous studies have demonstrated an association between low vertebral bone mineral density (BMD) and accentuation of kyphosis. However, concerns of ionizing radiation associated with radiographic evaluation of osteoporotic fracture risks create a demand for alternative noninvasive detection methods. Back shape, and in particular the thoracic kyphosis, may act as a surrogate for bone density and complement methods of screening individuals for osteoporosis or monitoring progression. The aim of this prospective study is to establish the statistical association of mean lumbar spine BMD and the age-independent BMD Z-score with kyphosis, measured from noninvasive, rasterstereographic analysis of back shape. Back shape imaging of 42 females was performed following routine lumbar bone densitometry using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. Kyphosis parameters derived from an optical back shape imaging system were correlated, using simple linear regression models, against mean lumbar BMD and BMD Z-scores. Moderate associations were noted between lumbar BMD and thoracic kyphosis (r=0.63 to 0.71, p<0.0001). The trend was still evident when correlating kyphosis against BMD Z-scores (r=0.57 to 0.68, p<0.0001). These data confirm earlier studies comparing radiographic indices of thoracic curvature with vertebral BMD, and suggest potential application of noninvasive back shape imaging to assist in the screening of individuals at risk of spinal osteoporosis, particularly in younger populations.
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Alvero-Cruz, Jose Ramón, Fernando Santonja-Medina, Jose Manuel Sanz-Mengibar, and Pilar Sainz de Baranda. "The Sagittal Integral Morphotype in Male and Female Rowers." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 24 (December 8, 2021): 12930. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182412930.
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The goal of this study was to describe the integrated spinal assessment of the sagittal morphotype in rowers to determine whether the intense practice of rowing causes a modification of the sagittal curvatures of the spine, its relationship with the rowing technique, and training background. The second goal was to analyse how the dorsal and lumbar curves behave in the three phases of the rowing gesture, and to determine which phases can be detrimental to the correct development of the spine during growth. We analysed the spine curvatures in the sagittal plane of 29 females and 82 males, which were measured with an inclinometer in standing, slump sitting, maximal trunk flexion and during rowing performance. The average value of thoracic kyphosis in the rowers was 30° (mean, 30 + 8.27°). Thoracic hyperkyphosis was found in only two rowers (1.8%). Lumbar lordosis was within normal range in 84.1% of the males (mean, 27 + 9.57°) and 75.9% of female rowers (mean, 33°). Functional thoracic hyperkyphosis was observed in 57.4% of the males and 17.1% of the females. Functional lumbar hyperkyphosis was observed in 28 of the 69 males (40.5%) and five of 22 females (17.2%). Rowing seems to provide adequate spine alignment in the sagittal plane on standing. The integrated spinal assessment of the sagittal morphotype showed that half or our rowers presented with functional thoracic hyperkyphosis, and 43.2% presented with functional lumbar hyperkyphosis. Spine behaviour during the rowing technique shows that the thoracic kyphosis (98.2%) and lumbar spine (91%) perform within normative ranges and could explain the adequate positioning of the spine in the sagittal plane on standing. Years of rowing training tend to reduce thoracic kyphosis in males.
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Waś, Jakub, Dominik Sitarski, Paulina Ewertowska, Justyna Bloda, and Dariusz Czaprowski. "Using smartphones in the evaluation of spinal curvatures in a sagittal plane." Advances in Rehabilitation 30, no. 4 (December 1, 2016): 29–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/rehab-2015-0053.
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Abstract Introduction: In physiotherapeutic diagnostic processes, various tools and methods may be used. However, price and availability may limit their daily use in clinical practice. Therefore, the suggestion that smartphones with specific applications may be useful as diagnostic tools can be found in the literature. However, before using them in clinical practice, it is important to verify their reliability. The aim of the study was to evaluate the consistency of measurements of the curvatures in the sagittal plane performed with the Saunders digital inclinometer and a smartphone application. Materials and methods: The study included 40 subjects aged 22-39 years (23.0 ± 3.7). All subjects had sagittal spinal curvatures (sacral slope - SS, lumbar lordosis - L, thoracic kyphosis - K, upper thoracic kyphosis - K1, lower thoracic kyphosis - K2) measured in both standing and sitting positions with the Saunders digital inclinometer and a smartphone application. Results: In measurements performed with the use of the Saunders inclinometer and the smartphone, no significant differences were found between the size of the curvatures of the spine in a standing position (SS 19° ±8.2 vs. 17° ±8.4 p=0.3; L 32° ±11.1 vs. 29° ±10.3 p=0.2; K 43° ±8.4 vs. 41° ±8.1 p=0.2; K1 31° ±7.2 vs. 29.0° ±7.3; K2 11o ±7.4 vs. 11.0° ±6.7) and a sitting position (SS 3.75° ±8.9° p=0.8; L 5.8° ±9.06 vs. 5.2° ±8.5 p=0.75; K 40.0° ±8.1 vs. 36.7° ±7.9 p=0.6; K1 25.8° ±7.1 vs. 24.9° ±7.1; K2 14.5° ±9.9 vs. 11.5° ±9.4). Conclusions: The examination of spinal curvatures in the sagittal plane using Saunders digital inclinometer and a smartphone application allows researchers to obtain reliable results. Therefore, smartphones can be used for an objective evaluation of the musculoskeletal system in daily clinical practice.
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Feitosa, Sheila Oliveira, Dhecyeny Alves Ferreira, Daise Fernanda Santos Souza Escobar, Priscilla Rayanne e. Silva Noll, and Matias Noll. "Evaluation of the prevalence of sagittal plane changes in the spine of elementary students in the city of Ceres, Brazil." Research, Society and Development 10, no. 13 (October 16, 2021): e362101319362. http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v10i13.19362.
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Background: Adolescence is the period when postural changes occur, as it is a phase when the body develops and grows. It is also the most appropriate time to evaluate and detect postural problems, and preventive measures may help to avoid these possible changes. However, studies evaluating the postural changes in this age group are lacking. Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate thoracic kyphosis and lumbar lordosis changes in the spine of 9th grade students at a state military school in Goiás, Brazil. Methods: A total of 113 students (54 boys and 59 girls) participated in the study. A radiation-free three-dimensional scanning system was used to evaluate the students’ spine. The equipment emits a light on the participants’ back and uses its topography to automatically calculate asymmetries. Results: The prevalence of increased thoracic kyphosis was 14%, increased lumbar lordosis 2% and 72% straightening of the curvature of the lumbar lordosis. Thoracic kyphosis was reported by 9% of male students and 19% of female students. Students of both sexes had increased lumbar lordosis (2%). Females had a higher prevalence of rectified lumbar lordosis (59%) than males (11%). Conclusion: The prevalence of postural changes, especially lumbar lordosis, was very high in the elementary students.
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Gaweł, Eliza, and Anna Zwierzchowska. "Effect of Compensatory Mechanisms on Postural Disturbances and Musculoskeletal Pain in Elite Sitting Volleyball Players: Preparation of a Compensatory Intervention." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 19 (September 26, 2021): 10105. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph181910105.
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The aim of the study was to identify the effect of compensatory mechanisms on the prevalence of sagittal spinal curvature deformity and musculoskeletal pain and to assess the interrelationships between those components in sitting volleyball players. Twenty-one elite Polish sitting volleyball players (age = 34.1 ± 7.5, BM = 77.9 ± 16.0) participated in the study in which direct participatory systematic observation and a non-invasive method were used. Both objective (anthropometric, spinal curvature–Idiag M360) and subjective (musculoskeletal ailments–NMQ = 7) measurements were performed. The Statistica 13.3 software package was used for statistical analyses. The neck, lower back (43%), and upper back (38%) were the most frequently reported painful areas. Of all participants, 76% reported sagittal spinal deformities. In the habitual position, the results indicated moderate correlations (r = 0.5, p < 0.05) between the lumbar concavity of the back and low back pain (LBP) and between thoracic convexity and LBP (r = 0.4, p < 0.05). Internal and external compensation have an effect on the prevalence of spinal curvature deformities in the sagittal plane, with thoracic hyperkyphosis (38%) and lumbar hyperlordosis (33%) being the most common. More severe lower and upper back pain were correlated with greater angles of thoracic kyphosis and lumbar lordosis in the habitual position.
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Singer, K. P., S. J. Edmondston, R. E. Day, and W. H. Breidahl. "Computer-Assisted Curvature Assessment and Cobb Angle Determination of the Thoracic Kyphosis." Spine 19, no. 12 (June 1994): 1381–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00007632-199406000-00012.
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Doroniewicz, I., M. Matyja, J. Durmała, and J. Pastuszak. "Effect of holiday on postural tone and selected parameters of body posture in young people with Down syndrome." Physiotherapy and Health Activity 23, no. 1 (December 1, 2015): 45–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pha-2015-0014.
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AbstractBackground: Regular physical therapy of people with Down syndrome improves the efficiency of such treatment. However, it remains unclear whether a discontinuation of the therapy over the period of summer holiday influences the effects of the therapeutic process. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of summer holiday on postural tone and quantitative parameters of body posture (angle of trunk rotation in the transverse plane and the spinal curvatures such as kyphosis or lordosis in the sagittal plane) in young people with Down syndrome.Material/Methods: Twenty one people aged 14 to 24 years were examined, with IQ scores from 54 to 35 on the Wechsler Intelligence scale. The experimental group was young people with Down syndrome whereas the control group were people with moderate intellectual disability without additional neurological, orthopaedic and other genetic disorders. The postural tone coefficient (PTC) and values of the spinal curvature (lordosis and kyphosis) and angle of trunk rotation (ATR) were evaluated twice. The first measurement was performed after 10 months of regular neurorehabilitation according to the neurodevelopment concept while the second - after 2 months of summer holiday.Results: During the holiday, the PTC value reduced significantly in the controls, from 0.40 to 0.37 (p=0.02), whereas in young people with Down syndrome, postural tone did not change significantly (p=0.33). In terms of the parameters of body posture, one significant change was observed in the group of patients with Down syndrome (kyphosis, p=0.00).Conclusions: No significant correlations were found between postural tone and values of kyphosis, lordosis and angle of trunk rotation, except for the relationship between PTC and angle of trunk rotation obtained in the main thoracic measurement (Th5- Th12, p=0.03).
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Katarzyna, Walicka-Cupryś, Szeliga Ewa, Guzik Agnieszka, Mrozkowiak Mirosław, Niewczas Marta, Ostrowski Paweł, and Tabaczek-Bejster Iwona. "Evaluation of Anterior-Posterior Spine Curvatures and Incidence of Sagittal Defects in Children and Adolescents Practicing Traditional Karate." BioMed Research International 2019 (April 28, 2019): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/9868473.
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Background and Study Aim. To evaluate anterior-posterior spine curvatures and incidence of sagittal defects in children and adolescents practicing traditional Karate. Material and Methods. 152 people aged 6-16 yrs, mean age 10.5±3.03. The study group (SG), subjects attending traditional Karate classes for min one year, 60 minutes twice a week (76 people). The control group (CG) randomly selected on 1:1 basis to match SG. The anterior-posterior curvatures were measured with a gravitational inclinometer. Sauder’s norms were used to assess postural defects. Body mass, height, and BMI were measured. Mann-Whitney U-test/Student’s t-test for independent variables, χ2 test, and Cramer V test were used in statistical analysis. Results. Significant differences were observed between the groups in lumbosacral inclination ALPHA1 p<0.001; karateka had significantly lower ALPHA 1 and greater thoracic inclination (GAMMA TH/L) p=0.23. In study group, lumbosacral angle flattening (ALPHA 2) (81.6%) was greater than in CG (56.6%). ALPHA 2 (43.4%) was more frequently within the norm in CG. Increased ALPHA 2 was reported only among SG (2.6%). Differences were statistically significant (χ2 (2) = 15.23 p<0.001) and of moderate power (Cramer V=0.31). Regarding thoracic kyphosis and lumbar lordosis, there were no statistically significant differences between the groups. Conclusions. Traditional Karate affects pelvic tilt leading to posterior tilt; it correlates with somatic parameters: height, mass, and BMI in terms of spine curvatures. The size of the lumbar lordosis and thoracic kyphosis in karatekas is comparable to that of those not practicing sport. Frequent incidence of reduced pelvic tilt in karatekas requires implementing exercises activating anterior tilt during training session.
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Tuz, Jacek, Adam Maszczyk, and Anna Zwierzchowska. "Variability of Body Build and Physiological Spinal Curvatures of Young People in an Accelerated Longitudinal Study." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 14 (July 16, 2021): 7590. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18147590.
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The human body is characterized by the variability of the characteristics of body build, which is expressed in the instability of spinal curvatures, which change during ontogeny. This phenomenon leads to a phylogenetic evolution of the human body build and posture. The aim of the study was to assess the dynamics of the variability of traits and indices of body build and posture and their mutual relations. It was assumed that over the 10-year observation period, a significant variability and relationships will be observed between the characteristics of body build and posture in young adults. Between 2006 and 2016, 2154 women and men aged 19.6 ± 0.8 were examined (first-year students at the University of Economics in Katowice, Poland). Measurements of basic anthropometric measurements and angular values of lumbar lordosis and thoracic kyphosis were performed. The collected data were analysed statistically, and the intergroup and intragroup differences were evaluated (ANOVA with repeated measures). The dynamics of variability (by building time series) and absolute and single-base increments were determined. The body build of young men and women in the period of ontogenetic stabilization in the study group has changed statistically significantly over the decade. A prediction of the increases in body weight and hip circumference was recorded over a period of 10 years, especially in men. The characteristics of body posture have also undergone a significant progressive change. In women, thoracic kyphosis increased by 96.15%, whereas in men, lumbar lordosis decreased by 52.65%. Significant sexual differentiation was shown for such characteristics as body height, waist circumference and the angle of lumbar lordosis. The relationships between the characteristics of body build and posture were verified. There was a moderate relationship between the hip circumference and lumbar lordosis in women and a weak relationship between body height and the angle of thoracic kyphosis in men.
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Park, Yun-Jin, Won-Moon Kim, Jae-Ho Yu, Hyung-Hoon Moon, and Yong-Gon Seo. "Effects of Combined Exercise Program on Spinal Curvature and Balance Ability in Adolescents with Kyphosis." Children 9, no. 12 (December 19, 2022): 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/children9121999.
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Thoracic hyperkyphosis is associated with postural abnormality, physical function, and quality of life. This study aimed to examine the effects of a combined exercise program on the spinal curvature and balance ability in adolescents with kyphosis. Fifty-one adolescents (mean age 21.95 ± 3.90 year, 23 male and 28 female) diagnosed with kyphosis were randomly divided into two groups: an experimental group (n = 25) and a control group (n = 26). All participants in the study group underwent a combined exercise program for 60 min, three times per week, for 12 weeks. Cobb’s angle and forward head angle showed significant differences between the two groups (p < 0.001). The anterior and posterior weight distributions of static and dynamic plantar foot pressures showed a significant difference between the two groups (p < 0.001), and significant differences were observed only in the study group (p < 0.001). However, the left and right static plantar foot pressures did not differ significantly. In conclusion, these results demonstrate that a combined exercise program is an effective intervention for the improvement of alignment in the spinal curve and balance in adolescents with postural kyphosis.
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González-Sánchez, Manuel, Jin Luo, Raymond Lee, and Antonio I. Cuesta-Vargas. "Spine Curvature Analysis between Participants with Obesity and Normal Weight Participants: A Biplanar Electromagnetic Device Measurement." BioMed Research International 2014 (2014): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/935151.
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To analyse and compare standing thoracolumbar curves in normal weight participants and participants with obesity, using an electromagnetic device, and to analyse the measurement reliability.Material and Methods. Cross-sectional study was carried out. 36 individuals were divided into two groups (normal-weight and participants with obesity) according to their waist circumference. The reference points (T1–T8–L1–L5and both posterior superior iliac spines) were used to perform a description of thoracolumbar curvature in the sagittal and coronal planes. A transformation from the global coordinate system was performed and thoracolumbar curves were adjusted by fifth-order polynomial equations. The tangents of the first and fifth lumbar vertebrae and the first thoracic vertebra were determined from their derivatives. The reliability of the measurement was assessed according to the internal consistency of the measure and the thoracolumbar curvature angles were compared between groups.Results. Cronbach’s alpha values ranged between 0.824 (95% CI: 0.776–0.847) and 0.918 (95% CI: 0.903–0.949). In the coronal plane, no significant differences were found between groups; however, in sagittal plane, significant differences were observed for thoracic kyphosis.Conclusion. There were significant differences in thoracic kyphosis in the sagittal plane between two groups of young adults grouped according to their waist circumference.
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Hwang, Steven W., Amer F. Samdani, Ben Wormser, Hari Amin, Jeff S. Kimball, Robert J. Ames, Alexander S. Rothkrug, and Patrick J. Cahill. "Comparison of 5-year outcomes between pedicle screw and hybrid constructs in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis." Journal of Neurosurgery: Spine 17, no. 3 (September 2012): 212–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2012.6.spine1215.
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Object Pedicle screw fixation has been theorized to provide better correction of scoliotic deformity, but controversy over the benefits of pedicle screw–only constructs remains, and the longer-term impact of pedicle screw fixation as compared with hybrid constructs is unclear. In this study, a retrospective review of a prospectively collected database was conducted to determine the longer-term impact of pedicle screw fixation as compared with hybrid constructs in patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS). Methods The authors retrospectively reviewed a multicenter database of pediatric patients (ages ≤ 18) from 1995 to 2006 and identified 127 patients with Lenke Type 1–4 AIS curves with a minimum 5 years of follow-up. Patients were divided into 2 cohorts based on whether they had undergone pedicle screw fixation or fixation with hybrid constructs. Results The mean main thoracic curvature of 56.1° ± 13.0°, which corrected to 14.9° ± 9.3°, translated into a mean correction of 73% (p < 0.01). The curve was 19.4° ± 10.6° at 2-year follow-up and 20.5° ± 10.4° at 5 years. When comparing preoperative parameters between the groups, differences were noted in the magnitude of the main thoracic curve (p = 0.04), flexibility of the main thoracic curve (p = 0.02), coronal balance (p = 0.04), T2–12 kyphosis (p = 0.02), and sex (p = 0.02). The pedicle screw cohort had fewer spinal segments instrumented (p < 0.01), fewer anterior releases performed (p = 0.02), and fewer thoracoplasties performed (p < 0.01). By 5 years of follow-up, significant differences were apparent between the two cohorts with respect to upper thoracic curvature (p = 0.01), T2–12 (p = 0.02) and T5–12 (p = 0.02) kyphosis, lumbar lordosis (p < 0.01), and sagittal balance (p = 0.01). Conclusions Although some preoperative differences did exist, outcomes were comparable between hybrid and screw constructs at 2 and 5 years. However, hybrid constructs required more concurrent anterior releases and thoracoplasties to achieve similar results.
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Otremski, Hila, Roger F. Widmann, Mary F. Di Maio, and Dror Ovadia. "The correlation between spinal and chest wall deformities and pulmonary function in Marfan syndrome." Journal of Children's Orthopaedics 14, no. 4 (August 1, 2020): 343–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1302/1863-2548.14.200076.
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Purpose Scoliosis, chest wall deformities and pulmonary involvement are common features of Marfan syndrome (MFS). We aimed to assess the impact of spinal and chest wall deformities on pulmonary function in paediatric MFS patients with a surgically managed spinal deformity. Methods In this multicentre retrospective study, spirometry, lung volumes and radiographic imaging were performed on 26 MFS patients between the ages of seven and 18 years who were undergoing planned spinal fusion surgery for spinal deformity. A correlation analysis assessed the relationship between radiographic measurements of spinal and chest wall deformities and predicted total lung capacity (TLC), forced vital capacity (FVC) and the ratio between forced expiratory volume in one second and FVC (FEV1/FVC). Results In total, 18 patients (70%) had impaired pulmonary function. Thoracic kyphosis (mean 19.3°; -32° to 54°) had a strong positive correlation with FEV1/FVC (r = 0.65; p < 0.001). Significant decrease in FEV1/FVC below 80% occurred at kyphosis under 15° (p = 0.004). Kyphosis had a moderate negative correlation with FVC (r = -0.43; p = 0.03). Chest wall deformity had a strong negative correlation with FEV1/FVC (r = -0.61; p = 0.001). The magnitude of the thoracic curve (mean 55.2°; 28° to 92°) had a significant moderate negative correlation with TLC (r = -0.45; p = 0.04). Conclusion In MFS, three factors correlate with decreased pulmonary function measures: hypokyphosis, increasing chest wall deformity and increasing coronal curve magnitude. Hypokyphosis and increased chest wall deformity correlated with diminished FEV1/FVC; increasing thoracic spinal curvature with diminished TLC. Further analysis with a larger cohort will help better define the relationship between these deformities and pulmonary function in this unique population. Level of Evidence IV
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Sainz de Baranda, Pilar, Antonio Cejudo, María Teresa Martínez-Romero, Alba Aparicio-Sarmiento, Olga Rodríguez-Ferrán, Mónica Collazo-Diéguez, José Hurtado-Avilés, Pilar Andújar, and Fernando Santonja-Medina. "Sitting Posture, Sagittal Spinal Curvatures and Back Pain in 8 to 12-Year-Old Children from the Region of Murcia (Spain): ISQUIOS Programme." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 7 (April 9, 2020): 2578. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17072578.
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To explore sagittal spinal alignment and pelvic disposition of schoolchildren in a slump sitting position is needed in order to establish preventive educational postural programs. The purposes of this study were to describe sagittal spinal alignment and pelvic tilt (LSA) in a slump sitting position and to explore the association of sagittal spine and pelvic tilt with back pain (BP) among 8–12-year-old children. It was a cross-sectional study. Sagittal spinal curvatures, BP and pelvic tilt were assessed in 582 students from 14 elementary schools. It was found that 53.44% of children had slight thoracic hyperkyphosis and that 48.80% presented moderate lumbar hyperkyphosis and 38.66% presented slight lumbar hyperkyphosis. Those who did not suffer from BP in any part of the back had a higher lumbar kyphosis (24.64 ± 7.84) or a greater LSA (107.27 ± 5.38) than children who had some type of BP in the previous year or week (lumbar kyphosis: 23.08 ± 8.06; LSA: 105.52 ± 6.00), although with no clinically relevant differences. In fact, neither sufferers nor those who did not have BP presented normal mean values for lumbar kyphosis or LSA according to normality references. This study demonstrates the need to assess sagittal morphotype in childhood since schoolchildren remain incorrectly seated for many hours and it greatly affects their spinal curvatures.
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Miyachi, Ryo, and Junya Miyazaki. "Relationship Between Lumbar Motor Control Ability and Spinal Curvature in Elderly Individuals." Healthcare 8, no. 2 (May 9, 2020): 130. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare8020130.
Full textAbstract:
This study aimed to clarify the relationship between spine curvature and the movement pattern/motor control ability of the lumbar and hip joints during prone hip extension in elderly individuals. The participants were 14 elderly people who attended a community health class. We measured the motion angle, motion ratio (movement pattern), and motor control ability of the lumbar and hip joints during prone hip extension. In addition, the lumbar lordosis angle and thoracic kyphosis angle were measured in the standing position. There was no correlation between the spinal curvature in the standing position and the lumbar/hip joint movement pattern and motor control ability during prone hip extension. When evaluating the lumbar spine, it is necessary to perform a comprehensive evaluation by interpreting static evaluations such as spinal alignment or dynamic evaluations such as movement patterns and motor control abilities.
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Zwierzchowska, Anna, Eliza Gawel, Diana Celebanska, Aleksandra Mostowik, and Michal Krzysztofik. "The Impact of Internal Compensatory Mechanisms on Musculoskeletal Pain in Elite Polish Sitting Volleyball Players – A Preliminary Study." Journal of Human Kinetics 81, no. 1 (January 28, 2022): 277–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/hukin-2022-0023.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract The purpose of the study was to evaluate the impact of (1) maximal muscular strength of the upper body and (2) fat mass on musculoskeletal pain and sagittal spinal curvature deviations in elite Polish sitting volleyball players. The study examined twelve players (age = 35.4 ± 6.9 years). The assessments were performed based on objective (anthropometric examinations, Medi Mouse, 1RM test) and subjective (NMQ = 7) measurements. All statistical analyses were performed using the SPSS. The lower back, the upper back and the neck were the most frequent painful areas. Statistical analyses showed a significant relationship between lumbar lordosis (LL) sagittal standing extension (r = 0.62; p = 0.03) and thoracic kyphosis (TK) sagittal standing flexion (r = -0.63; p = 0.28) with the 1RM. Furthermore, correlations between a body adiposity index and TK sagittal standing flexion and extension (r = -0.65; p = 0.05, r = - 0.58; p = 0.0.05) as well as LL sagittal standing flexion (r = 0.61; p = 0.05) were found. The body mass index correlated with wrist pain, whereas a very high relationship was found between pain in the wrists and knee joints. Neck pain positively correlated with TK and LL sagittal standing. Low back pain correlated with LL sagittal standing flexion and TK sagittal standing extension. Fat mass impacts the depth of anteroposterior spinal curvatures, what may cause pain in the neck and the lower back. The 1 RM bench press may influence the prevalence and location of musculoskeletal pain, whereas its values might be predicted by the depth of TK. A lower 1RM in the bench press may impact sagittal spinal curvature deviations. Deepen TK and LL significantly contribute to the prevalence of the neck pain.