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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Kynurenine - Metabolism'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 28 January 2023

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1

Owe-Young, Robert School of Medicine UNSW. "Kynurenine pathway metabolism at the blood-brain barrier." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. School of Medicine, 2006. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/26183.

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A major product of HIV-infected and cytokine-stimulated monocytic-lineage cells is quinolinic acid (QUIN), a neurotoxic metabolite of the kynurenine pathway (KP) of L-tryptophan (L-Trp) metabolism. Despite the large number of neurotoxins found in HIV patients with AIDS Dementia Complex (ADC), only QUIN correlates with both the presence and severity of ADC. With treatment, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) QUIN concentrations decrease proportionate to the degree of clinical and neuropsychological improvement. As endothelial cells (EC) of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) are the first brain-associated cell

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2

Skouras, Christos. "Kynurenine metabolism and organ dysfunction in human acute pancreatitis." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/28898.

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BACKGROUND: Acute pancreatitis (AP) is a sterile initiator of systemic inflammation that can trigger multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS). In the acute phase of AP, the kynurenine pathway of tryptophan metabolism plays an important role in the genesis of AP-MODS in experimental animal models, but it is unknown whether the pathway is activated in human AP. Human data are required to support the rationale for kynurenine 3- monooxygenase (KMO) inhibition as a treatment for AP-MODS and reinforce the translational potential. Additionally, as respiratory dysfunction is frequent in severe AP, t

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3

Milne, Gavin D. S. "Inhibition studies of kynurenine 3-monooxygenase." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/4101.

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Kynurenine 3-monooxygenase (K3MO) lies on the kynurenine pathway, the major pathway for the catabolism of L-tryptophan. It converts kynurenine to 3-hydroxy kynurenine. Inhibition of K3MO is important in several neurological diseases and there is evidence that inhibition of K3MO could also be targeted for the prevention of multiple organ failure, secondary to acute pancreatitis. A structure activity relationship based upon the 1,2,4-oxadiazoles motif was carried out which revealed amide 207 as an inhibitor of P. fluorescens K3MO. Further structure activity relationships were developed based upo

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4

Pisar, Mazura Md. "The role of kynurenine metabolism in the development of the central nervous system." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2014. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/5550/.

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Prenatal exposure to maternal infection has been thought as a major risk factor for neurodevelopmental brain damage and thus contributes to the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative diseases including schizophrenia and autism. The mechanisms of aberrant neurodevelopmental processes on the offspring, in which primary cerebral insults occur during early brain development, are not fully understood. In the present investigation, maternal infection was modelled in timed-pregnant rats at embryonic day (E) 14, 16 and 18 by administering intraperitoneal injections of polyriboinosinic-polyribocytidilic

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5

Marchi, Alexandre Froes. "Produção de quinurenina em modelos experimentais de restrição de sono e obesidade." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/9/9141/tde-03062015-165904/.

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A via das Quinureninas (Via Quin) representa a principal via catabólica do metabolismo do triptofano (Trp) e é essencial para diversos processos fisiológicos. No fígado, o Trp é catalisado por triptofano 2,3-dioxigenase (TDO) quinurenina (Quin). A mesma reação também pode ser catalisada pela enzima indolamina 2,3-dioxigenase (IDO), produzida por células imunológicas. Em alguns processos patológicos, há um aumento do consumo de Trp pela Via Quin, que gera compostos que estão relacionados ao processo de imunotolerância. No presente estudo, foram selecionados dois modelos que mimetizam situações

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6

Yan, Edwin B., Tony Frugier, Chai K. Lim, Benjamin Heng, Gayathri Sundaram, May Tan, Jeffrey V. Rosenfeld, David W. Walker, Gilles J. Guillemin, and Maria C. Morganti-Kossmann. "Activation of the kynurenine pathway and increased production of the excitotoxin quinolinic acid following traumatic brain injury in humans." BioMed Central, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/610324.

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ABSTRACT: During inflammation, the kynurenine pathway (KP) metabolises the essential amino acid tryptophan (TRP) potentially contributing to excitotoxicity via the release of quinolinic acid (QUIN) and 3-hydroxykynurenine (3HK). Despite the importance of excitotoxicity in the development of secondary brain damage, investigations on the KP in TBI are scarce. In this study, we comprehensively characterised changes in KP activation by measuring numerous metabolites in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from TBI patients and assessing the expression of key KP enzymes in brain tissue from TBI victims. Acute

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7

Jonker, Anneliene. "Synthetic Lethality and Metabolism in Ewing Sarcoma : Knowledge Through Silence." Thesis, Paris 11, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA11T039/document.

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Le sarcome de Ewing est la seconde tumeur pédiatrique de l’os la plus fréquente. Elle est caractérisée par une translocation chromosomique résultant à la fusion de EWSR1 avec un membre de la famille ETS. Chez 85% des patients, cette fusion conduit à l’expression de la protéine chimérique EWS-FLI1 qui est l’oncogène majeur de ce sarcome. Ce dernier agit principalement par son action transcriptionelle sur des cibles qui lui sont propres. Au niveau thérapeutique, le sarcome d’Ewing est traité par chimiothérapie, chirurgie locale et par radiothérapie. La survie à long terme des patients est de l’o

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8

Vallius, Laura I. "Modulating the immune system by amino acid depletion : IDO and beyond." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2011. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:eb1a1987-4121-4042-be82-2aafb67c9941.

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Amino acid availability plays an important role in modulating the activity of T-cells. One of the pathways employed by T-cells to sense nutrient levels is the “mammalian target of rapamycin” (mTOR) pathway that is inhibited in response to nutrient depletion. Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) is the first and rate-limiting enzyme along the tryptophan catabolising kynurenine pathway. T-cells are very sensitive to lack of this essential amino acid in their microenvironment and this confers strong immunomodulatory properties to cells expressing active IDO. It therefore has a significant physiologi

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9

Mizdrak, Jasminka. "Human lens chemistry: UV filters and age-related nuclear cataract." Australia : Macquarie University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1959.14/16855.

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"A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy".<br>Thesis (PhD) -- Macquarie University, Division of Environmental and Life Sciences, Dept. of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, 2007.<br>Bibliography: p. 243-277.<br>Introduction -- A convenient synthesis of 30HKG -- Facile synthesis of the UV filter compounds 30HKyn and AHBG -- Synthesis, identification and quantification of novel human lens metabolites -- Modification of bovine lens protein with UV filters and related metabolites -- Effect of UV light on UV filter-treated

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10

Boulet-Le, Gouar Lysiane. "Etude de la voie catabolique du tryptophane dans différentes conditions pathologiques : exemple de la phénylcétonurie et perspectives dans les maladies cardiovasculaires Is tryptophan metabolism involved in sleep apnea-relatedcardiovascular co-morbidities and cancer progression? Neuropathology of Kynurenine Pathway of Tryptophan Metabolism Simultaneous determination of tryptophan and 8 metabolites in humanplasma by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020GRALV040.

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Le métabolisme du tryptophane (Trp) a été investigué dans différentes pathologies, incluant les maladies cardiovasculaires, la cancérologie et les maladies neurodégénératives. Le Trp, acide aminé essentiel, est catabolisé en périphérie et au niveau central selon 2 voies : celle des kynurénines, quantitativement majoritaire et impliquée dans les cardiopathies et la tolérance immune, et celle de la sérotonine, connue pour son implication dans la dépression et le sommeil. Dans le cadre de ce travail, nous nous sommes intéressés à l’implication de cette voie métabolique dans la phénylcétonurie (PC

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11

Tutakhail, Abdulkarim. "Potential muscular doping effects of anti-depressants." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLS513.

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Bien que l’effet psychotrope des antidépresseurs soit bien connu, afin de corriger les conséquences du stress et de renforcer la confiance en soi, de nombreux autres effets pharmacologiques, notamment périphériques, doivent encore être approfondis. Les antidépresseurs inhibiteurs de la recapture de la sérotonine (ISRS) peuvent avoir un effet bénéfique sur la performance physique en participant à une réparation et à une croissance plus rapides des muscles. Il a récemment été démontré que la sérotonine était impliquée dans la récupération de la force musculaire chez un modèle murin de myopathie

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12

Gracia, Rubio Irene 1986. "Neurobiological links between depression and drug dependence." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/382484.

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Early life experiences play a key role in brain function and behaviour. Maternal separation produced negative early life experiences that induce emotional alterations. Contrary, the communal nest has been proposed as a protective model that may reduce the vulnerability of individuals to suffer psychiatric disorders. Moreover, early-life stress enhances the vulnerability to develop substance use disorders, principally during adolescence. Hence, depressive states are associated with drug use disorders and abuse vulnerability since depressed patients could consume drugs to alleviate their symptom

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13

Erhardt, Sophie. "Importance of endogenous kynurenic acid in brain catecholaminergic processes and in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia /." Stockholm, 2001. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2001/91-628-4889-5/.

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14

Migliorini, Silene. "Metabolismo de triptofano na vigência de choque endotóxico induzido por LPS e hipertriptofanemia." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/9/9136/tde-15072011-104933/.

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Triptofano (TRP), um amino ácido essencial, é metabolizado por duas vias principais, a via das quinureninas e a via serotonérgica. Em ambas as vias há a possibilidade de formação de compostos ativos no sistema imune que se caracterizam pelas ações imunossupressoras e indutoras de tolerância. Na via serotonérgica há a formação de serotonina (5-HT) e em alguns tecidos de melatonina (MEL). Este composto pode ainda ser oxidado por ação de peroxidases aos seus produtos de abertura de anel indólico o AFMK (N1-acetil-n2-formil-5-metoxiquinuramina) e AMK (N1-acetil-5-metoxiquinuramina). Já na via das

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15

Bipath, Priyesh. "Dysregulation of tryptophan metabolism in a sub-Saharan HIV/AIDS population." Thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/46053.

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The essential amino acid tryptophan is an important substrate for the synthesis of serotonin, melatonin, tryptamine, proteins and the kynurenines. The aim of this study was to investigate tryptophan metabolism along the kynurenine pathway in a low income sub- Saharan HIV/AIDS patient population from the Gauteng Province of South Africa. The first objective was to develop and validate a novel gas chromatography mass spectrometry method to enable reliable quantification of tryptophan and metabolites of the kynurenine pathway in plasma. Validation parameters for the detection of tryptophan,

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16

Zsizsik, Beate. "Oxidativer Metabolismus von Kynurensäure und ihren Analoga." 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-1735-0000-0006-AC1E-3.

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