Journal articles: 'Kuwait National Diet and Nutrition Survey'

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Al-Lahou, Badreya, Lynne M. Ausman, José L. Peñalvo, Gordon S. Huggins, and Fang Fang Zhang. "Cardiometabolic deaths attributable to poor diet among Kuwaiti adults." PLOS ONE 17, no. 12 (December 15, 2022): e0279108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0279108.

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Background Nutrition transition towards a Western diet is happening in parallel with the rapidly increasing rates of cardiovascular disease and its risk factors in Kuwait. The cardiometabolic deaths attributable to poor diet have not been quantified among Kuwaiti adults. Methods Using a Comparative Risk Assessment model that incorporated dietary intake data from Kuwait’s first national nutrition survey, number of cardiometabolic deaths from the World Health Organization, and estimated associations of diet with cardiometabolic deaths from the Global Burden of Disease project, we estimated the number and proportion of cardiometabolic deaths attributable to suboptimal intake of 10 dietary factors among Kuwaiti adults ages 25+ years, and by population subgroups. Findings An estimated 1,308 (95% uncertainty interval [UI] = 1,228–1,485) cardiometabolic deaths were attributed to suboptimal diet, accounting for 64.7% (95% UI = 60.7%-73.4%) of all cardiometabolic deaths in Kuwait in 2009. The low intake of nuts/seeds was associated with the highest estimated number and proportion of cardiometabolic deaths (n = 380, 18.8%), followed by high intake of sodium (n = 256, 12.6%), low intake of fruits (n = 250, 12.4%), low intake of vegetables (n = 236, 11.7%), low intake of whole grains (n = 201, 9.9%), and high intake of sugar-sweetened beverages (n = 201, 9.9%). The estimated proportions of cardiometabolic deaths attributable to suboptimal diet were higher in men (67.7%) than women (57.8%) and in younger adults aged 25–34 years (84.5%) than older adults aged ≥55 years (55.6%). Conclusion Suboptimal dietary intake was associated with a very substantial proportion of cardiometabolic deaths among Kuwaiti adults in 2009, with young adults and men experiencing the largest proportion of diet-associated cardiometabolic deaths in Kuwait.

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Allafi, Ahmad R., Fahhad Alajmi, and Ahmad Al-Haifi. "Survey of nutrition knowledge of physicians in Kuwait." Public Health Nutrition 16, no. 7 (July 31, 2012): 1332–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980012003606.

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AbstractObjectiveThe objective of the present study was to determine whether nutrition knowledge differs between male and female physicians working in Kuwait City, Kuwait.DesignThe study employed a cross-sectional analysis of physician's nutrition knowledge by using a sixteen-item multiple-choice questionnaire.SettingGovernmental hospitals in Kuwait City, Kuwait.SubjectsOne hundred Kuwaiti physicians (fifty males; fifty females) working in Kuwait City, Kuwait.ResultsA response rate of 73 % was achieved (forty males; thirty-three females). The mean percentage of correctly answered questions was 60 %. The male and female physicians averaged 56 % and 65 % of correct responses, respectively (P = 0·042). However, only for two questions did male and female physicians’ scores differ significantly (P < 0·05). The two age groups (<40 years; ≥40 years) had equal mean total correct scores (60 %, P = 0·935). Physicians’ knowledge was greatest for topics that have received a great deal of media coverage in Kuwait. Most (70 %) of the physicians described their nutrition knowledge as ‘moderate’.ConclusionsPhysicians in Kuwait gave inaccurate information regarding common problems in Kuwaitis such as obesity, hypertension and osteoporosis. In view of the public's perception of the role of the physician in providing nutrition advice, it is imperative that nutrition and diet training be part of continuing medical education to bridge these deficiencies in physicians’ knowledge.

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Swan, Gillian. "Findings from the latest National Diet and Nutrition Survey." Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 63, no. 4 (November 2004): 505–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/pns2004381.

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The National Diet and Nutrition Survey (NDNS) of adults aged 19–64 years, carried out in 2000–1, is part of the NDNS programme, a series of cross-sectional surveys aiming to provide detailed quantitative information on the diet, nutritional status and related characteristics of the British population. The programme is split into four surveys of different population age-groups, conducted at approximately three-yearly intervals. In the survey of adults food consumption data were collected from 1724 respondents using a 7 d weighed-intake dietary record. Other components included: height, weight, waist and hip circumference and blood pressure measurements; a 24 h urine sample; a blood sample; a record of physical activity. Results have been published in four volumes covering food consumption, energy and macronutrient intakes, micronutrient intakes and nutritional status, including physical measurements and physical activity. The results have shown that, based on a comparison of nutrient intakes with the UK dietary reference values, adults in Britain are generally getting sufficient nutrients from their diets. However, younger adults (particularly women) and those in lower socio-economic groups are more likely to have low micronutrient intakes and lower levels of some nutritional status indices. The proportion of food energy derived from total fat has fallen since the last survey of this age-group in 1986–7 and is close to the dietary reference value, while the proportion of energy derived from saturated fatty acids and non-milk extrinsic sugars exceeds the dietary reference values. The prevalence of overweight and obesity has increased since 1986–7 and physical activity levels are low.

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Stephen, Alison M., Tsz Ning Mak, Emily Fitt, Sonja Nicholson, Caireen Roberts, and Jill Sommerville. "Innovations in national nutrition surveys." Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 72, no. 1 (January 21, 2013): 77–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0029665112002923.

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The aim of this paper is to describe innovations taking place in national nutrition surveys in the UK and the challenges of undertaking innovations in such settings. National nutrition surveys must be representative of the overall population in characteristics such as socio-economic circumstances, age, sex and region. High response rates are critical. Dietary assessment innovations must therefore be suitable for all types of individuals, from the very young to the very old, for variable literacy and/or technical skills, different ethnic backgrounds and life circumstances, such as multiple carers and frequent travel. At the same time, national surveys need details on foods consumed. Current advances in dietary assessment use either technological innovations or simplified methods; neither lend themselves to national surveys. The National Diet and Nutrition Survey (NDNS) rolling programme, and the Diet and Nutrition Survey of Infants and Young Children (DNSIYC), currently use the 4-d estimated diary, a compromise for detail and respondent burden. Collection of food packaging enables identification of specific products. Providing space for location of eating, others eating, the television being on and eating at a table, adds to eating context information. Disaggregation of mixed dishes enables determination of true intakes of meat and fruit and vegetables. Measurement of nutritional status requires blood sampling and processing in DNSIYC clinics throughout the country and mobile units were used to optimise response. Hence, innovations in national surveys can and are being made but must take into account the paramount concerns of detail and response rate.

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Ashwell, Margaret, Susan Barlow, Sigrid Gibson, and Caroline Harris. "National Diet and Nutrition Surveys: the British experience." Public Health Nutrition 9, no. 4 (June 2006): 523–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/phn2005874.

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AbstractObjectiveThe National Diet and Nutrition Surveys (NDNS) are a series of government-funded surveys of food intake, nutrient intake and nutritional status of individuals, undertaken to support nutritional policy and risk assessment. This paper summarises a review that considered the extent to which NDNS met the needs of users and suggested options for the future. The Food Standards Agency has since progressed favoured options. This paper aims to help others wishing to obtain this type of information within their own populations.DesignA detailed questionnaire was used to probe use of data and gather opinions from users, producers and managers of the NDNS. It asked about general information needs from NDNS and changes that might be made. This was followed by a two-day workshop which included discussion of the main issues and the generation of 19 possible future options for consideration by the Agency.ResultsOptions to improve effectiveness included methods to prioritise breadth and depth of coverage and possible ways of improving response and compliance. Strategies to make surveys more efficient and timely, such as adopting a rolling programme, disaggregating survey components, integrating with other studies and improving data access, were also suggested. A rolling programme, in which data are collected continuously, was the favoured option to address some of the concerns and a strategy is now in place to achieve this.ConclusionsThere is widespread support for the NDNS from its users. There is no alternative source for such high-quality data on food and nutrient consumption and nutritional status and physical measurements in the same individuals. Useful information, such as the potential value of using a rolling programme from the outset, can be gained from this British experience by others wishing to measure food and nutrient intakes and status in their own populations.

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Uzhova, Irina, Deirdre Mullally, José Peñalvo, and Eileen Gibney. "Regularity of Breakfast Consumption and Diet: Insights from National Adult Nutrition Survey." Nutrients 10, no. 11 (October 26, 2018): 1578. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu10111578.

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Breakfast is considered to be one of the most important meals of the day. Its omission has been reported to be associated with increased disease risk, such as obesity, diabetes, and coronary heart disease, as well as unhealthy lifestyle and lower dietary quality. Using data from the National Adult Nutrition Survey (NANS)—a food consumption survey conducted among 1500 Irish men and women over 18 years of age, residing in the Republic of Ireland at the time the survey was conducted—we aimed to characterize breakfast regularity, identify dietary patterns associated with regular breakfast consumption, and assess the nutritional quality of such dietary patterns, using the nutrient-rich food index score NRF9.3. We determined two breakfast regularity categories and assessed dietary quality, by means of adherence to the principal component analysis derived dietary patterns and the NRF9.3 dietary index. Regular breakfast consumers were identified as those who consumed breakfast 3–4 times out of the 4 days of the collection period; such consumers comprised the majority of the population (94.4%). They had the highest adherence to healthier dietary patterns, namely, the “vegetarian” (odds ratio (OR): 2.59: 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 1.40, 4.77), “fish and vegetables” (OR: 2.88: 95% CI: 1.63, 5.10), and “breakfast cereals” (OR: 4.62: 95% CI: 2.43, 8.79) dietary patterns. Breakfast significantly contributed to the daily micronutrient intake by providing, on average, 24% of dietary fiber, 32% of iron, 30% of calcium, 32% of folate, and 37% of riboflavin. The importance of regular breakfast consumption on those who skip breakfast should be highlighted, in order to improve compliance with nutritional recommendations and adherence to a healthy lifestyle.

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Lee, Doh Young, and Young Ho Kim. "Relationship Between Diet and Tinnitus: Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey." Clinical and Experimental Otorhinolaryngology 11, no. 3 (September 1, 2018): 158–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.21053/ceo.2017.01221.

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Smithers, Gillian, Janet R. Gregory, Christopher J. Bates, Ann Prentice, Lisa V. Jackson, and Robert Wenlock. "The National Diet and Nutrition Survey: young people aged 4-18 years." Nutrition Bulletin 25, no. 2 (June 2000): 105–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1467-3010.2000.00027.x.

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Smithers, G., S. Finch, W. Doyle, C. Lowe, C. J. Bates, A. Prentice, and P. C. Clarke. "The National Diet and Nutrition Survey: people aged 65 years and over." Nutrition & Food Science 98, no. 3 (June 1998): 133–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00346659810209791.

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Conrad, Zach, Micaela Karlsen, Kenneth Chui, and Lisa Jahns. "Diet quality on meatless days: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), 2007–2012." Public Health Nutrition 20, no. 9 (March 8, 2017): 1564–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s136898001700026x.

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AbstractObjectiveTo compare diet quality scores between adult non-meat eaters and meat eaters, and to compare the consumption of diet components across quintiles of diet quality.DesignCross-sectional analysis. The Healthy Eating Index-2010 (HEI-2010) and Alternative Healthy Eating Index-2010 (AHEI-2010) were used to assess mean diet quality. Differences in consumption of diet components between quintiles of diet quality were tested usingpost hocWald tests andztests.SettingThe National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), 2007–2012.SubjectsThe sample consisted of 16810 respondents aged≥18 years, including 280 individuals who reported not consuming meat, poultry, game birds or seafood on two non-consecutive days of dietary recall. Dietary data were obtained from one dietary recall per individual.ResultsNon-meat eaters had substantially greater HEI-2010 and AHEI-2010 scores than meat eaters (P<0·05). Among non-meat eaters, mean consumption across HEI-2010 quintiles demonstrated different (P<0·05) amounts of empty calories and unsaturated:saturated fatty acids. Mean consumption across AHEI-2010 quintiles demonstrated different (P<0·05) amounts of nuts and legumes, vegetables and PUFA.ConclusionsPublic health messages targeted at vegetarians and others who may choose to eat meat-free on certain days should emphasize decreased consumption of empty calories, and increased consumption of nuts and legumes, PUFA and vegetables, as a way to improve overall dietary quality.

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Guess, N. "Dietary intake in people consuming a reduced-carbohydrate diet in the National Diet and Nutrition Survey." Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics 30, no. 3 (October 12, 2016): 360–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jhn.12429.

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Church, S. M. "Diet and nutrition in low-income households ? key findings of a national survey." Nutrition Bulletin 32, no. 3 (September 2007): 287–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-3010.2007.00644.x.

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Kidd, Edwina. "Report on National Diet and Nutrition Survey: people aged 65 years and over." Evidence-Based Dentistry 2, no. 1 (June 2000): 27–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.ebd.6400019.

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Murakami, Kentaro, M. Livingstone, Aya Fujiwara, and Satoshi Sasaki. "Breakfast in Japan: Findings from the 2012 National Health and Nutrition Survey." Nutrients 10, no. 10 (October 19, 2018): 1551. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu10101551.

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We assessed breakfast in Japan using data from the 2012 National Health and Nutrition Survey. Dietary data were obtained from 1444 children (aged 6–11 years), 1134 adolescents (aged 12–17 years), 6531 younger adults (aged 18–49 years), and 13,343 older adults (aged ≥ 50 years), using a one-day weighed dietary record. Overall, 97% of participants reported consuming breakfast. Compared with breakfast skippers, breakfast consumers had a higher daily diet quality score assessed by the Nutrient-Rich Food Index 9.3 (NRF9.3). For those who consumed breakfast, breakfast accounted for 20–25% of daily energy intake. In comparison with the contribution to energy, breakfast accounted for higher proportions of carbohydrate and riboflavin, and lower proportions of MUFA, n-3 PUFA, thiamin, and niacin, as well as vitamins B-6 and C. The overall diet quality (NRF9.3 score) was positively associated with breakfast intake of protein, n-6 PUFA, n-3 PUFA, carbohydrate, dietary fiber, and almost all micronutrients examined, and inversely with that of added sugar. For foods, the NRF9.3 score was positively associated with breakfast intake of rice, potatoes, pulses, vegetables, fruits, and eggs and inversely with that of bread, sugar, and soft drinks. The findings will be useful in developing dietary recommendations for a balanced breakfast among Japanese.

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Gibson, S., and J. Gray. "Evaluating current egg consumption patterns: Associations with diet quality, nutrition and health status in the UK National Diet and Nutrition Survey." Nutrition Bulletin 45, no. 4 (September 16, 2020): 374–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/nbu.12462.

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Baldwin, Jennifer N., Rebecca L. Haslam, Erin Clarke, John Attia, Melinda J. Hutchesson, Megan E. Rollo, Robin Callister, et al. "Eating Behaviors and Diet Quality: A National Survey of Australian Young Adults." Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior 54, no. 5 (May 2022): 397–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jneb.2021.12.001.

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Habibi, Nahal, Kelly A. Hall, Lisa J. Moran, Dandara G. Haag, Allison M. Hodge, and Jessica A. Grieger. "Is the Association between Age and Fertility Problems Modified by Diet Quality? Findings from a National Study of Reproductive Age Women in Australia." Nutrients 14, no. 20 (October 18, 2022): 4355. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu14204355.

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Background: Increasing age is a strong risk factor for infertility, and there is accumulating evidence of the importance of a healthier diet for fertility. Whether a healthier diet modifies the association between increasing age and infertility has not been investigated. This study aimed to (i) examine if better diet quality could help reduce age-related infertility; and (ii) assess whether changes in diet quality over time are associated with fertility problems. Methods: Data were from Surveys 3 and 5 of the 1973–1978 birth cohort of the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women’s Health. Cross-sectional analysis with multivariable generalized linear models were used to examine the association between age and fertility status, adjusted for various confounders. Multiplicative and additive effect modification by diet quality was assessed, with additive effect modification evaluated with the relative risk for interaction (RERI). Results: In total, 3387 women were included from Survey 3 (age range 24–31 years) and 5614 women from Survey 5 (age range 30–38 years); 588 (17.4%) and 1321 (23.4%) self-reported to have fertility problems in the respective surveys. In Survey 3, compared to younger women with a good-quality diet, older women with a poor-quality diet had a 43% increased risk for fertility problems, with risk increasing after further adjustment for BMI (RR: 1.59; 95% CI: 1.07, 2.37) and PCOS (RR: 1.74; 95% CI: 1.15, 2.62). In Survey 5 in younger women (<33.9 years), there was no association between diet quality and risk for infertility problems. The RERI (across different adjusted models) was between −0.08 (−0.70, 0.55) to −0.39 (−1.40, 0.62) in survey 3 and 0.07 (−0.17, 0.31) to 0.08 (−0.17, 0.32) in Survey 5. Conclusions: There is little evidence to suggest effect modification on the effect of age and fertility problems with diet quality.

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Pestoni, Giulia, Jean-Philippe Krieger, Janice Marie Sych, David Faeh, and Sabine Rohrmann. "Cultural Differences in Diet and Determinants of Diet Quality in Switzerland: Results from the National Nutrition Survey menuCH." Nutrients 11, no. 1 (January 9, 2019): 126. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu11010126.

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Sociodemographic differences in dietary consumption were observed in different populations. The current study aimed to identify sociodemographic and lifestyle determinants of diet quality and to investigate the differences in diet quality between the three main language regions of Switzerland. Using data of the Swiss National Nutrition Survey menuCH (n = 2057), two diet quality scores—Alternate Healthy Eating Index and Mediterranean Diet Score—were computed. Linear regression models were used to investigate the determinants of diet quality and chi-square tests were used to test for differences in single score components between language regions. Significantly higher diet quality scores were observed for individuals who were female, older, normal weight, non-Swiss, with tertiary education or moderate-to-high physical activity level. Additionally, residents of the French- and Italian-speaking parts of Switzerland scored higher than residents of the German-speaking region. More specifically, the higher diet quality observed in the French- and Italian-speaking regions was mediated by higher scores in the components of alcohol, dairy products, fat, fish, sugar-sweetened beverages and whole grains. The present results may help to better characterize population groups requiring specific dietary recommendations, enabling public health authorities to develop targeted interventions.

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Kwock, Chang-Keun, Jung-Min Lee, Eun-Mi Kim, and Min-A. Lee. "Diet and Lifestyle Factors Affecting Obesity: A Korea National Health and Nutrition Survey Analysis." Preventive Nutrition and Food Science 16, no. 2 (June 30, 2011): 117–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3746/jfn.2011.16.2.117.

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Oguoma, Victor M., Mohamed Abu-Farha, Neil T. Coffee, Saad Alsharrah, Faisal H. Al-Refaei, Jehad Abubaker, Mark Daniel, and Fahd Al-Mulla. "Metabolically Healthy and Unhealthy Obese Phenotypes among Arabs and South Asians: Prevalence and Relationship with Cardiometabolic Indicators." Nutrients 14, no. 5 (February 22, 2022): 915. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu14050915.

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Obesity is a public health crisis in Kuwait. However, not all obese individuals are metabolically unhealthy (MuHO) given the link between obesity and future cardiovascular events. We assessed the prevalence of the metabolically healthy obese (MHO) phenotype and its relationship with high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) in Arab and South Asian ethnic groups in Kuwait. The national cross-sectional survey of diabetes and obesity in Kuwait adults aged 18–60 years were analysed. The harmonised definition of metabolic syndrome was used to classify metabolic health. Multinomial logistic regression analysis was used to model the relationship between the MHO and MuHO phenotypes and hs-CRP, ALT and HOMA-IR levels. Overall, the prevalence of MHO for body mass index (BMI)- and waist circumference (WC)-defined obesity was 30.8% and 56.0%, respectively; it was greater in women (60.4% and 61.8%, respectively) than men (39.6% and 38.2%, respectively). Prevalence rates were also lower for South Asians than for Arabs. The MHO phenotype had hs-CRP values above 3 µg/mL for each age group category. Men compared to women, and South Asians compared to Arabs had a lower relative risk for the MHO group relative to the MuHO group. This study shows there is high prevalence of MHO in Kuwait.

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Whybrow, Stephen, Graham W. Horgan, and Jennie I. Macdiarmid. "Self-reported food intake decreases over recording period in the National Diet and Nutrition Survey." British Journal of Nutrition 124, no. 6 (April 1, 2020): 586–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s000711452000118x.

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AbstractFrom 2008, the UK’s National Diet and Nutrition Survey (NDNS) changed the method of dietary data collection from a 7-d weighed diary to a 4-d unweighed diary, partly to reduce participant burden. This study aimed to test whether self-reported energy intake changed significantly over the 4-d recording period of the NDNS rolling programme. Analyses used data from the NDNS years 1 (2008/2009) to 8 (2015/2016) inclusive, from participants aged 13 years and older. Dietary records from participants who reported unusual amounts of food and drink consumed on one or more days were excluded, leaving 6932 participants. Mean daily energy intake was 7107 kJ (1698 kcal), and there was a significant decrease of 164 kJ (39 kcal) between days 1 and 4 (P < 0·001). There was no significant interaction of sex or low-energy reporter status (estimated from the ratio of reported energy intake:BMR) with the change in reported energy intake. The decrease in reported energy intake on day 4 compared with day 1 was greater (P < 0·019) for adults with higher BMI (>30 kg/m2) than it was for leaner adults. Reported energy intake decreased over the 4-d recording period of the NDNS rolling programme suggesting that participants change their diet more, or report less completely, with successive days of recording their diet. The size of the effect was relatively minor, however.

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Hua, Yumeng, Ziwei Zhang, and Aiping Liu. "Long-Term Diet Quality and Risk of Diabetes in a National Survey of Chinese Adults." Nutrients 14, no. 22 (November 16, 2022): 4841. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu14224841.

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There is little evidence involving the association between diet quality and the risk of diabetes among the Asian populations, especially from the long-term prospective cohort studies in China. This study evaluated the long-term diet quality of Chinese adults by the Chinese diet balance index 2016 (DBI-16) and firstly explored its role in diabetes prevention. A total of 9394 participants from the China health and nutrition survey (2004–2015) prospective cohort were included. Dietary information was selected by three consecutive 24-h dietary recalls, combined with a household food inventory and further calculated as the scores of the DBI-16 components and indicators. Three major indicators, the low bound score (LBS), the high bound score (HBS) and the diet quality distance (DQD), were divided into four level groups, according to the total scores, respectively, including Level 1 (scores below 20%), Level 2 (20–40% of scores), Level 3 (40–60% of scores) and Level 4 (scores above 60%). Diabetes cases were identified through a questionnaire or by testing the overnight fasting blood samples. Cox’s proportional hazards models were used to estimate the hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs, while restricted cubic splines (RCS) were applied to explore the potentially non-linear relationships. During a median follow-up of 6.0 years (61,979 persons-years), 657 participants developed diabetes. The LBS and DQD scores were positively associated with diabetes risks, whereas no significant association of the HBS scores with diabetes risks was observed. Compared with those on the lowest level, the adjusted HRs (95%) across the increased levels of diet quality were 2.43 (1.36, 4.37), 3.05 (1.69, 5.53) and 4.90 (2.46, 9.78) for the LBS; 1.06 (0.74, 1.51), 1.30 (0.99, 1.88) and 0.99 (0.39, 2.55) for the HBS; 1.28 (1.01, 1.61) and 2.10 (1.57, 2.82) for the DQD after pooling the participants on Level 1 and 2 as the reference group, due to the few who developed diabetics on Level 1 of the DQD. No significantly non-linear shape was observed for all three indicators. Our findings indicated a significant inverse association between the long-term diet quality assessed by the DBI-16 and diabetes risks, providing evidence for the positive role of healthy diets in diabetes prevention in Asia.

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Akseer, Nadia, Rebecca A. Heidkamp, and Andrew Thorne-Lyman. "Using National Survey Data From Nigeria to Assess Maternal-Child Dietary Concordance and Inform Nutrition Program Strategy." Current Developments in Nutrition 5, Supplement_2 (June 2021): 389. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzab038_001.

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Abstract Objectives Improving child diet diversity is a policy priority in many settings. Multiple factors influence complementary feeding practices in low-income countries including household food access, caregiver-level factors and cultural practices. Child's dietary data is often available in national surveys (i.e., Demographic and Health Surveys, DHS), but they typically lack diet data from adults. The 2018 Nigeria DHS was among the first to measure food group intake in both young children and women. We describe the relationship between child and maternal diet diversity in Nigeria and highlight implications for design of infant and young child feeding (IYCF) programs. Methods Using the Nigeria DHS 2018 dataset, we estimated consumption of individual food groups in the previous 24 hours as well as minimum dietary diversity for children 6–23 months (MDD-C) and their mothers, women 15–49 years (MDD-W) using WHO-UNICEF definitions. We compare rates of concordance and discordance between n = 8975 mother-child pairs for individual food groups and MDD using McNemar's tests. Probit regression was used to identify drivers of MDD-C. Results Nationally, 22% of children achieve MDD-C; 51% of mothers achieve MDD-W. For both populations, the most commonly consumed group is grains, roots and tubers (>80%) Dairy and eggs are the least consumed. Maternal-child (age 12–23 months) discordance is highest for consumption of legumes and nuts (36%), vitamin A rich fruits and vegetables (39%) and other fruits and vegetables (57%); mothers consume these more frequently. Children are more likely than mothers to consume dairy (19% vs 8%) and eggs (8% vs 4%). Maternal-child food group discordance is consistently higher for children 6–11months than children 12–23 months. Results vary at state level and by maternal age group. Children's MDD probability is increased by MDD-W (27%, P < 0.001), higher maternal education (8%, P < 0.01) and household wealth (7%, P < 0.01). Conclusions Maternal and child diet diversity is suboptimal in Nigeria. Maternal diet is a primary driver of child diet in Nigeria. Legumes and nuts and fruits and vegetables are available but not consistently fed to children; an important finding for IYCF program design. The forthcoming DHS-8 core questionnaire will provide child and maternal diet data for more than 90 countries. Funding Sources Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.

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Price, G. M., A. A. Paul, T. J. Cole, and M. E. J. Wadsworth. "Characteristics of the low-energy reporters in a longitudinal national dietary survey." British Journal of Nutrition 77, no. 6 (June 1997): 833–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/bjn19970083.

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AbstractThe aim of the present study was to establish whether the characteristics of members of a large national birth cohort study who submitted diet diaries with implausibly low-energy intake differed from those whose recorded energy intake was more plausible. Survey members (n 1898) recorded their diets in a 7d diary in household measures. Those whose reported energy intake (EI) as 'a fraction of their estimated BMR was less than 1·10, here termed low-energy reporters (LER) but often called under-reporters, constituted 20·6% of the study population. None of the variables describing dietary, smoking or exercise behaviour bore a significant relationship with low EI/BMR (<1·10), neither did those describing region of residence, subjective adequacy of income, current social class, social relations or the social environment of the subjects. Results of logistic regression analysis showed that the only independently significant characteristic for men was higher BMI. In women, in addition to higher BMI, having been overweight or obese as an adult independently, but less significantly, predicted low EI/BMR, while membership as a child of social class III (non-manual), having more children in the household and having a paid job marginally but independently decreased the probability of reporting low EI/BMR. Submission of a diary with EI/BMR < 1·10 7 years earlier in the same survey was an even more powerful predictor of current low EI/BMR than higher BMI in both sexes. The average reported diet-composition of LER was more micronutrient- and protein-rich than that of the others, indicating different dietary, or diet-recording, behaviour in this group of subjects. LER are not a random sample of the survey population, and their characteristics, definable to some extent, put them at risk for lower health status. Although EI/BMR cut-off points can be used to identify LER, the problem of how to use their data is still unresolved.

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Martimianaki, Georgia, Eleni Peppa, Elisavet Valanou, Eleni M. Papatesta, Eleni Klinaki, and Antonia Trichopoulou. "Today’s Mediterranean Diet in Greece: Findings from the National Health and Nutrition Survey—HYDRIA (2013–2014)." Nutrients 14, no. 6 (March 11, 2022): 1193. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu14061193.

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Background: This study aimed to investigate the food and macronutrient intake of the population in Greece and evaluate its adherence to the Greek traditional Mediterranean diet. Methods: Adults over 18 years old (n = 4011) were included from the 2013–2014 National Health and Nutrition survey—HYDRIA. Dietary intake was collected using two 24-h recall interviews and a nonquantitative food frequency questionnaire. Macronutrient intakes were calculated using an updated version of the Greek FCT. Results: Only 28.3% of the adult population had high adherence to the Greek traditional Mediterranean diet, with a higher percentage (39.7%) observed for participants over 65 years compared to those under 65 years (25.5%). Differences in adherence to the MD were observed among the four geographical regions in Greece. Younger adults had a higher intake of meat, cereals, alcoholic and nonalcoholic beverages, and sugar products than older individuals who consumed more vegetables, fruits, legumes, dairy, fish, and lipids (mainly from olive oil). Adults do not meet the international dietary recommendations for the intake of several foods and macronutrients. Conclusions: The adult Greek population, especially younger people, has headed away from the Greek traditional Mediterranean diet. These observations indicate potential detrimental consequences in terms of morbidity and mortality.

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Branoff, Janelle D., Michael R. Jiroutek, Chloe R. Kelly, Sadia Huma, and Beth S. Sutton. "A Retrospective Cross-sectional Analysis of Health Education Disparities in Patients With Diabetes Using Data From the National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey." Diabetes Educator 43, no. 1 (January 24, 2017): 125–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0145721716685408.

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Purpose The purpose of this study was to determine if there was an association between receipt of diet/nutrition, exercise, and weight loss education in adult patients with a primary diagnosis of diabetes with various demographic and socioeconomic variables using data from the National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey (NAMCS) for the years 2008 to 2011. Methods This retrospective, cross-sectional, observational study design included patients ≥ 18 years of age with diabetes in the NAMCS between 2008 and 2011, inclusive. A series of weighted multivariable logistic regression models was constructed to evaluate predictors of diet/nutrition, exercise, and weight loss education. Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were reported. Results Among patients included in this study (n = 3027), 35.6% received diet/nutrition education, 21.8% received exercise education, and 13.6% received weight loss education. From the multivariable analyses, visits using “other” payment type, visits with Medicaid, and visits occurring in non-Metropolitan Statistical Areas were significantly less likely to receive diet/nutrition education; visits using other payment type, visits in non-Metropolitan Statistical Areas, and visits by those ≥ 65 and 45-64 years of age were significantly less likely to receive exercise education. No significant disparities in the receipt of weight loss education were found. Conclusion These findings indicate that although only approximately one third or fewer patients diagnosed with diabetes were receiving diet/nutrition, exercise, or weight loss education, there appeared to be limited disparities among the groups studied. Education rates appear to be trending upward over time, to be slightly improved as compared with previous studies, and to include fewer disparities.

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Breslow, Rosalind A., Patricia M. Guenther, and Barbara A. Smothers. "Alcohol Drinking Patterns and Diet Quality: The 1999–2000 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey." American Journal of Epidemiology 163, no. 4 (January 6, 2006): 359–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwj050.

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Horgan, G. W., and S. Whybrow. "Associations between fat, sugar and other macronutrient intakes in the National Diet and Nutrition Survey." Nutrition Bulletin 37, no. 3 (August 15, 2012): 213–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-3010.2012.01977.x.

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Fitt, E., T. N. Mak, A. M. Stephen, C. Prynne, C. Roberts, G. Swan, and M. Farron-Wilson. "Disaggregating composite food codes in the UK National Diet and Nutrition Survey food composition databank." European Journal of Clinical Nutrition 64, S3 (November 2010): S32—S36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ejcn.2010.207.

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Spina, Alexander, Eliseo Guallar, Margaret P. Rayman, William Tigbe, Ngianga-Bakwin Kandala, and Saverio Stranges. "Anthropometric indices and selenium status in British adults: The U.K. National Diet and Nutrition Survey." Free Radical Biology and Medicine 65 (December 2013): 1315–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2013.09.025.

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Fitt, Emily, Celia J. Prynne, Birgit Teucher, Gillian Swan, and Alison M. Stephen. "National Diet and Nutrition Survey: Assigning mixed dishes to food groups in the nutrient databank." Journal of Food Composition and Analysis 22 (December 2009): S52—S56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jfca.2009.01.012.

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Marriott, Helen, and Judy Buttriss. "Key points from the National Diet and Nutrition Survey of adults aged 19-64 years." Nutrition Bulletin 28, no. 4 (December 2003): 355–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1467-3010.2003.00382.x.

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Almoosawi, S., D. Cole, S. Nicholson, I. Bayes, B. Teucher, B. Bates, J. Mindell, S. Tipping, C. Deverill, and A. M. Stephen. "Biomarkers of diabetes risk in the National Diet and Nutrition Survey rolling programme (2008–2011)." Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health 68, no. 1 (September 19, 2013): 51–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jech-2013-202885.

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Ahmed, Mavra, Alena (Praneet) Ng, Anthea Christoforou, Christine Mulligan, and Mary R. L’Abbé. "Top Sodium Food Sources in the American Diet—Using National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey." Nutrients 15, no. 4 (February 6, 2023): 831. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu15040831.

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Reducing population-level sodium intake can reduce hypertension, an important preventative strategy to lower the risk of cardiovascular diseases, the leading cause of death in the United States. Considering that most dietary sodium is derived from prepackaged foods, this study quantitatively estimates the proportion contribution and mean sodium intake from key food category contributors to total sodium intake in the US population. Data from the 2017–2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, which collected interviewer-administered 24 h dietary recalls from Americans (n = 7081), were analyzed. Based on the average proportion contributed, the top 15 sources of sodium were identified overall and by age/sex, poverty–income and race/ethnicity. More than 50% of US population-level dietary sodium intake was contributed by: pizza (5.3%); breads, rolls and buns (4.7%); cold cuts and cured meats (4.6%); soups (4.4%); burritos and tacos (4.3%); savoury snacks (4.1%); poultry (4.0%); cheese (3.1%); pasta mixed dishes (2.9%); burgers (2.5%); meat mixed dishes (2.5%); cookies, brownies and cakes (2.4%); bacon, frankfurters and sausages (2.4%); vegetables (2.2%); and chicken nuggets (1.5%), with the results remaining consistent among population subgroups. The results identified the top sources of sodium in the American population overall, as well as in key population subgroups, which can inform policies and programs aimed at reducing sodium intake.

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Johnson, J. A., C. Ma, K. N. Kanada, and A. W. Armstrong. "Diet and nutrition in psoriasis: analysis of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) in the United States." Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology 28, no. 3 (February 25, 2013): 327–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jdv.12105.

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Wakefield, Melanie. "National monitoring of diet and activity among Australian secondary students: the NaSSDA survey." Obesity Research & Clinical Practice 13, no. 3 (May 2019): 255. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.orcp.2018.11.057.

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Rippin, Holly L., Jayne Hutchinson, Jo Jewell, Joao J. Breda, and Janet E. Cade. "Assessing diet in European populations using national dietary surveys." Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 79, no. 4 (January 23, 2020): 531–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0029665119001174.

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The WHO encourages countries to conduct national dietary surveys (NDS) to inform preventative policies targeting malnutrition and noncommunicable diseases. Previous reviews have found inadequate nutrient intakes and survey provision across Europe. This research is the first to provide an updated review of NDS provision within the whole WHO European Region, across the lifecourse, with reference to disadvantaged groups, obesity and nutrients of concern. Over a third of WHO European countries, mainly Central and Eastern European countries (CEEC), had no identifiable NDS. Where countries reported nutrient intakes, poor WHO recommended nutrient intake attainment was Europe-wide across the lifecourse, particularly in CEEC. Lower educated individuals had poorer diet quality. However, heterogeneity in age group sampled, dietary assessment method, nutrient composition database and under-reporting hindered inter-country comparisons. Average population trans fatty acid intakes below WHO recommended limits may hide inequalities in disadvantaged groups; legislative bans may help alleviate this. There were few associations between NDS-derived consumed food portion size (FPS) and BMI. However, consumed FPS was greater than on-pack serving-size in the majority of foods studied. This review illustrates how NDS can generate information on diet, nutrient intakes and the food environment. However, to enable valid inter-country comparisons, countries should be encouraged to conduct and report harmonised NDS, particularly in the age groups sampled, dietary assessment methodology, nutrient range, underpinning food composition database and treatment of under-reporters. This will aid effective, coordinated policy development that can have a real impact on dietary improvement, on a population and subgroup level, throughout Europe.

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Spence, Lisa A., Beate Henschel, Rui Li, Carmen D. Tekwe, and Krisha Thiagarajah. "Adding Walnuts to the Usual Diet Can Improve Diet Quality in the United States: Diet Modeling Study Based on NHANES 2015–2018." Nutrients 15, no. 2 (January 4, 2023): 258. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu15020258.

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Background: The under-consumption of calcium, potassium, fiber, and vitamin D is considered a U.S. public health concern. Shifts in eating patterns that increase the consumption of vegetables, fruits, whole grains, nuts/seeds, and dairy products can help achieve the recommended intakes of these nutrients, leading to healthier diets. Objective: We assessed the impact of adding 1 ounce (28.35 g) of walnuts to usual diets on diet quality and nutrients of concern, including magnesium, fiber, and potassium. Methods: We utilized 24 h dietary recalls obtained from the What We Eat in America, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) and modeled the addition of 1 ounce (28.35 g) of walnuts to the usual diets of no-nut consumers. No-nut consumers aged ≥4 years (n = 7757) from the 2015–2018 NHANES study were included. Population percentages with intakes below the estimated average requirement (EAR) values for calcium, magnesium, folate, and vitamin E and above the adequate intake (AI) values for potassium and fiber were examined. Diet quality was assessed using the Healthy Eating Index-2015 (HEI-2015). The National Cancer Institute method was used to estimate the usual and modeled intakes. Significant differences between usual (current) and modeled intakes were determined using non-overlapping 95% confidence intervals. All analyses included sample weights to account for the NHANES survey design. Results: Adding 1 ounce (28.35 g) of walnuts to the usual diet resulted in significant reductions in the percentages of adults with intakes below the EAR for magnesium and folate (69.6% vs. 52.0%; 49.2% vs. 40.6%, respectively), and increased the percentage of adults above the AI for potassium (22.8% vs. 26.5%). A similar trend was observed among children (4–18 years). HEI scores improved significantly from 49.1 (95% CI: 48.0–50.4) to 58.5 (95% CI: 57.5–59.6) in children and from 52.4 (95% CI: 51.0–53.8) to 59.2 (95% CI: 58.0–60.5) in adults. Conclusions: Adding 1 ounce (28.35 g) of walnuts to the usual diet of no-nut consumers improved the diet quality and adequacy of some under-consumed nutrients.

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Krieger, Jean-Philippe, Giulia Pestoni, Sophie Cabaset, Christine Brombach, Janice Sych, Christian Schader, David Faeh, and Sabine Rohrmann. "Dietary Patterns and Their Sociodemographic and Lifestyle Determinants in Switzerland: Results from the National Nutrition Survey menuCH." Nutrients 11, no. 1 (December 29, 2018): 62. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu11010062.

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From a public health perspective, determinants of diets are crucial to identify, but they remain unclear in Switzerland. Hence, we sought to define current dietary patterns and their sociodemographic and lifestyle determinants using the national nutrition survey menuCH (2014–2015, n = 2057). First, we applied multiple factorial analysis and hierarchical clustering on the energy-standardised daily consumption of 17 food categories. Four dietary patterns were identified (“Swiss traditional”: high intakes of dairy products and chocolate, n = 744; “Western 1”: soft drinks and meat, n = 383; “Western 2”: alcohol, meat and starchy, n = 444; and “Prudent”: n = 486). Second, we used multinomial logistic regression to examine the determinants of the four dietary patterns: ten sociodemographic or lifestyle factors (sex, age, body mass index, language region, nationality, marital status, income, physical activity, smoking status, and being on a weight-loss diet) were significantly associated with the dietary patterns. Notably, belonging to the French- and Italian-speaking regions of Switzerland increased the odds of following a “Prudent” diet (Odds ratio [95% confidence interval]: 1.92 [1.45–2.53] and 1.68 [0.98–2.90], respectively) compared to the German-speaking regions. Our findings highlight the influence of sociodemographic and lifestyle parameters on diet and the particularities of the language regions of Switzerland. These results provide the basis for public health interventions targeted for population subgroups.

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Storz, Maximilian Andreas, Alexander Müller, and Mauro Lombardo. "Diet and Consumer Behavior in U.S. Vegetarians: A National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) Data Report." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 1 (December 22, 2021): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19010067.

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An increasing number of individuals adopt plant-based diets for their potential health benefits. Understanding vegetarians’ dietary behavior in the context of their socioeconomic background is essential for pro-vegetarian messaging and to influence public beliefs about plant food consumption. Thus, this study sought to investigate diet and consumer behaviors in U.S. vegetarians. This is a cross-sectional, population-based study with data from the Nutrition and Health Examination Surveys (2007–2010). Selected items from three modules (diet and nutrition behavior, consumer behavior, and food security) were compared between vegetarians (n = 352) and the general population (n = 14,328). U.S. vegetarians consumed significantly fewer calories and less cholesterol but more fiber than their omnivorous counterparts. Moreover, vegetarians had significantly fewer soft drinks and salty snacks available at home. We also observed significant intergroup differences with regard to the availability of fruit and dark green vegetables. Vegetarians spent less money on eating out and indicated a lower number of not-home-prepared meals and ready-to-eat foods. We found no differences regarding money spent at supermarkets or grocery stores. Our study contributes to a better understanding of dietary and consumer behaviors in vegetarians. We shed a new light on the economic feasibility of vegetarian diets, highlighting that these diets are not necessarily more expensive than an omnivorous diet.

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Kurotani, Kayo, Kazuko Ishikawa-Takata, and Hidemi Takimoto. "Diet quality of Japanese adults with respect to age, sex, and income level in the National Health and Nutrition Survey, Japan." Public Health Nutrition 23, no. 5 (November 18, 2019): 821–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980019002088.

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AbstractObjective:Although several studies in Western countries show that higher socioeconomic status is associated with higher diet quality, no study has observed this association in Japan. In the current study, we examined the association between diet quality and the combinations of age, sex, and household income, and also compared the dietary intake between diet quality levels according to household income.Design:Cross-sectional study.Setting:National Health and Nutrition Survey, Japan in 2014.Participants:2785 men and 3215 women.Results:Higher Japanese Food Guide Spinning Top scores (better diet quality) were observed in older women, especially those with higher household income, whereas lower scores were observed in younger men with lower household income. Those having low quality diet, especially in low income households, had higher odds of not meeting the recommended amounts of the Japanese dietary guidelines, than those having high quality diet.Conclusions:Diet quality in Japanese adults differed by age and sex as well as by household income level. A different approach to diet quality improvement is needed according to population characteristics including not only age and sex but also social economic status.

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Marchioni, Dirce Maria, Leandro Teixeira Cacau, Eduardo De Carli, Aline Martins de Carvalho, and Maria Cristina Rulli. "Low Adherence to the EAT-Lancet Sustainable Reference Diet in the Brazilian Population: Findings from the National Dietary Survey 2017–2018." Nutrients 14, no. 6 (March 11, 2022): 1187. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu14061187.

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Diets are simultaneously connected with population health and environment. The EAT-Lancet Commission proposed a sustainable reference diet to improve population health and respect the planetary boundaries. Recently, the Planetary Health Diet Index (PHDI) has been developed to assess the adherence to this reference diet. In the present study, we aimed to evaluate the adherence to the EAT-Lancet diet through the PHDI in a nationwide population-based study carried out in Brazil. We used data from the National Dietary Survey conducted through the Household Budget Survey in 2017–2018, with 46,164 Brazilians aged over 10 years old. Food consumption was evaluated with a 24 h dietary recall. The average PHDI total score in the Brazilian population was 45.9 points (95% CI 45.6:46.1) on a total score that can range from 0 to 150 points. The adherence to EAT-Lancet diet was low among all Brazilian regions. Women, elderly, those overweighed/obese, with higher per capita income and living in the urban area had higher scores in the PHDI. In general, the Brazilian population presented low adherence to a healthy and sustainable dietary pattern and seems far from meeting the EAT-Lancet recommendations.

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Popkin, Barry M. "The nutrition transition and its health implications in lower-income countries." Public Health Nutrition 1, no. 1 (March 1998): 5–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/phn19980004.

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AbstractObjective:This article reviews information on the rapid changes in diet, activity and body composition that lower- and middle-income countries are undergoing and then examines some of the potential health implications of this transition.Design and Setting:Data came from numerous countries and also from national food balance (FAOSTAT) and World Bank sources. Nationally representative and nationwide surveys are used. The nationally representative Russian Longitudinal Monitoring Surveys from 1992–96 and the nationwide China Health and Nutrition Survey from 1989–93 are examined in detail.Results:Rapid changes in the structure of diet, in particular associated with urbanization, are documented. In addition, large changes in occupation types are documented. These are linked with rapid increases in adult obesity in Latin America and Asia. Some of the potential implications for adult health are noted.Conclusions:The rapid changes in diet, activity and obesity that are facing billions of residents of lower- and middle-income countries are cause for great concern. Linked with these changes will be a rapid increase in chronic diseases. Little to date has been done at the national level to address these problems.

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Sendall, Marguerite C., Laura K. McCosker, Rahma Ahmed, and Phil Crane. "Truckies' Nutrition and Physical Activity: A Cross-sectional Survey in Queensland, Australia." International Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 10, no. 3 (July 1, 2019): 145–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.15171/ijoem.2019.1533.

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Truck drivers are at increased risk of diet- and physical activity-related chronic diseases. Despite this, there is a paucity of data about Australian truck drivers' diet and physical activity behaviors. A multiple choice and short response survey was distributed to truck drivers attending an Australian Truck Show. The survey asked about self-reported health, source of health information, number of serves of fruit, vegetables, unhealthy food, and sugary drink consumed per day, and frequency of moderate- and vigorous-intensity physical activity per week. The survey was completed by 231 truck drivers—almost all were male, with a mean age of 46 (range 20 to 71) years. Over 85% of survey respondents worked more than 9 hrs per day. Nearly 75% acknowledged the need to make changes to improve their health. Half consumed fewer serves of fruit and 88% consumed fewer serves of vegetables than national recommendations. Over 63% consumed at least one serve of unhealthy foods per day, and 65% drank at least one can of sugary drink per day. Most (80%) undertook less than moderate- and vigorous-intensity physical activity levels provided in national recommendations. Of concern, almost 90% of drivers had above the recommended body mass index—approximately 60% were obese. This is almost double the proportion found in the general population. These findings highlight the importance of health promotion to help drivers make better choices about their health behaviors, which are often underpinned by the limitations of their work environment. Health promotion in transport industry workplaces should be an important topic for future research.

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Lee, Won Joon, Hyeon Chang Kim, Sun Min Oh, Dong Phil Choi, Jaelim Cho, and Il Suh. "Factors Associated with a Low-sodium Diet: The Fourth Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey." Epidemiology and Health 35 (June 20, 2013): e2013005. http://dx.doi.org/10.4178/epih/e2013005.

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Grech, Amanda, Anna Rangan, and Margaret Allman-Farinelli. "Macronutrient Composition of the Australian Population’s Diet; Trends from Three National Nutrition Surveys 1983, 1995 and 2012." Nutrients 10, no. 8 (August 8, 2018): 1045. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu10081045.

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Although the role of individual macronutrients in the development of obesity remains controversial, changes in macronutrient composition of the diet may have played a causal role in the obesity epidemic. The aim of this analysis was to determine the percentage energy (%E) for protein, carbohydrate and fat of Australian adults’ diets over time. Cross-sectional, national nutrition surveys from 1983, 1995 and 2012 assessed diet using one 24 h recall. The prevalence of obesity increased between each survey, from 9.6% to 19.7% and 27.7%. Protein (%E) differed between each survey and contributed 17.7%, 16.8% and 18.3% energy in 1983, 1995 and 2012, respectively (p < 0.001). Carbohydrate (%E) increased from 40.0% in 1983 to 44.9% in 1995 (p < 0.001), with no change in dietary fibre but declined in 2012 to 43.1%. Fat (%E) declined between each survey from 35.3%, 31.9%, to 30.9%, respectively (p < 0.001). Alcohol (%E) has declined for younger adults and men but intake increased for women aged >45 years. Prospective cohort studies with comprehensive assessment of foods consumed, together with measurements of weight and height, will advance the understanding of the relationship between macronutrients and changes in body weight and obesity.

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Rochat, Christèle, Chin B. Eap, Murielle Bochud, and Angeline Chatelan. "Caffeine Consumption in Switzerland: Results from the First National Nutrition Survey MenuCH." Nutrients 12, no. 1 (December 20, 2019): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12010028.

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Caffeine is a natural psychostimulant with a potentially positive impact on health when consumed in moderation and a negative impact at high dose (>400 mg/day). So far, no study has examined self-reported caffeine consumption in Switzerland. Our objectives were to determine (1) the caffeine consumption per adult, (2) the main sources of caffeine intake in the Swiss diet, and (3) the timing of caffeine consumption during the day. We used data from the 2014–2015 national nutrition survey menuCH (adults aged 18 to 75 years old, n = 2057, weighted n = 4,627,878), consisting of two 24-h dietary recalls. Caffeine content in consumed foods was systematically assessed using laboratory analyses in samples of Swiss caffeinated beverages, information from food composition databases, and estimations from standard recipes. Mean (±SD) daily caffeine consumption per person and percentile 95 were 191 mg/day (±129) and 426 mg/day, respectively. We observed differences in mean caffeine consumption across age groups (18–34 y: 140 mg/day; 50–64 y: 228 mg/day), linguistic regions (German-speaking: 204 mg/day; French-speaking: 170 mg/day, Italian-speaking: 136 mg/day), and smoking status (never smokers: 171 mg/day; current smokers: 228 mg/day). The three main sources of caffeine intake were 1) coffee (83% of total caffeine intake), 2) tea (9%) and 3) soft drinks (4%). Caffeine consumption was highest between 06:00 and 09:00 (29%) and the circadian rhythm slightly differed across linguistic regions and age groups. The mean caffeine consumption in the Swiss adult population was similar to that reported in neighbouring countries.

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Chen, Chen, Ting Yang, and Chen Wang. "The Dietary Inflammatory Index and Early COPD: Results from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey." Nutrients 14, no. 14 (July 11, 2022): 2841. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu14142841.

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We examined 3962 people aged 20 to 49 years who had information on spirometry testing and underwent a 24 h dietary recall interview from the 2007–2012 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) and used multivariable logistic regression to evaluate associations between Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII, a pro-inflammatory diet) and early COPD and lung function. The overall prevalence of early COPD was 5.05%. Higher DII was associated with increased odds of early COPD (quartile 4 vs. 1, the OR = 1.657, 95% CI = 1.100–2.496, p = 0.0156). In a full-adjusted model, each unit of increase in DII score was associated with a 90.3% increase in the risk of early COPD. Higher DII is significantly associated with lower FEV1 and FVC among individuals with early COPD, each unit increment in the DII was significantly associated with 0.43 L–0.58 L decrements in FEV1 (β = –0.43, 95% CI = −0.74, −0.12) and FVC (β = −0.58, 95% CI = −1.01, −0.16). These findings demonstrate that higher consumption of a pro-inflammatory diet may contribute to an increased risk of early COPD and lower lung function, and further support dietary interventions as part of a healthy lifestyle in order to preserve lung function and prevent or improve COPD.

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Powell-Wiley, Tiffany M., Paige E. Miller, Priscilla Agyemang, Tanya Agurs-Collins, and Jill Reedy. "Perceived and objective diet quality in US adults: a cross-sectional analysis of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES)." Public Health Nutrition 17, no. 12 (March 17, 2014): 2641–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980014000196.

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AbstractObjectiveThe Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) dietary pattern has been shown to reduce cardiometabolic risk. Little is understood about the relationship between objective diet quality and perceived diet quality (PDQ), a potential psychosocial barrier to appropriate dietary intake. We compared PDQ and diet quality measured by a nutrient-based DASH index score in the USA.DesignCross-sectional study. Participants in the 2005–2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) rated diet quality on a 5-point Likert scale and PDQ scores were generated (low, medium, high). A single 24 h dietary recall was used to estimate DASH index scores (range 0–9 points) by assigning 0, 0·5 or 1 point (optimal) for nine target nutrients: total fat, saturated fat, protein, cholesterol, fibre, Ca, Mg, K and Na.SettingNationally representative sample of the US population.SubjectsAdults aged ≥19 years in 2005–2006 NHANES (n 4419).ResultsParticipants with high PDQ (33 %) had higher DASH index scores (mean 3·0 (sd 0·07)) than those with low PDQ (mean 2·5 (sd 0·06), P < 0·001), but average scores did not align with targets for intermediate or optimal DASH accordance. Adults with high PDQ reported higher total fat, saturated fat and Na intakes compared with optimal DASH nutrient goals. Differences between those with high v. low PDQ were similar for Whites and Blacks, but there was no difference between PDQ groups for Mexican Americans.ConclusionsAmong Whites and Blacks, but not Mexican Americans, high PDQ may be associated with higher diet quality, but not necessarily a diet meeting DASH nutrient goals. This disconnect between PDQ and actual diet quality may serve as a target in obesity prevention.

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Gormaz, Teresita, Sandra Cortés, Ornella Tiboni-Oschilewski, and Gerardo Weisstaub. "The Chilean Diet: Is It Sustainable?" Nutrients 14, no. 15 (July 28, 2022): 3103. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu14153103.

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Food systems are one of the main contributors to climate change. Sustainable diets are one strategy to mitigate climate change. Assessments and estimations at a national level are lacking, especially in the Global South, probably due to a lack of national surveys of food consumption and a limited interest in sustainable diets information. The objective of this study is to estimate and describe the carbon and water footprint of the Chilean population’s diet in an overall estimation desegregated by region, age, sex, socioeconomic level and their main characterizations. This study is based on a secondary data analysis from the National Survey of Food Consumption made in 2010. The carbon and water footprint of the food subgroups/person/day were estimated. The results are compared by sex, age group, socioeconomic level, and macro zone. A carbon footprint of 4.67 kg CO2eq and a water footprint of 4177 L, both per person/day, were obtained. Animal-sourced foods, such as dairy and red meat, were responsible for 60.5% of the total carbon footprint and 52.6% of the water footprint. The highest values for both footprints were found in the following groups: men, adolescents, young adults, people with a higher socioeconomic level, and residents in the southern area of the country. The carbon footprint and water footprint values in Chile generated by food consumption would be above the world averages. Transforming the Chilean food system into a more sustainable one with changes in eating patterns is urgently required to attain this transformation.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Kuwait National Diet and Nutrition Survey'

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