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1
Statovci, Bedri, and Shefket Jakupi. "Fiscal Policy Reforms in Kosovo." International Journal of Management Excellence 8, no. 3 (April 30, 2017): 985–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.17722/ijme.v8i3.897.
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Fiscal policy represents one of the most important components of economic policy and as such it should be treated in its context.For this there are at least two reasons:First, economic policy defines the goals and criteria of fiscal policy in order to assess its contribution to the implementation of economic policies, andSecond, defining the connection between the objectives and instruments, theory of economic policy explains the process of fulfilling the objectives of economic policy, part of which process is fiscal policy itself. Therefore, in the following, in a quite direct manner, we will address the interdependence between economic policy and fiscal policy.The word policy, in everyday life is used to clarify the principles on which various activities run, in order to realize the goals set by the designated authorities by determining the holders of those activities, their size as well as means by which those goals should be realized.In order to achieve prosperity and political stability, national governments aim at achieving economic equilibrium. Kosovo is one of the last countries in Europe to transition to a market economy. The transition process has begun from a very difficult starting point.During the years after the war, a symbolic economic growth occurred, which has been attributed mainly to remittances, investments in infrastructure and privatization. Investments, despite continuous growth, are considered insufficient to boost domestic production.This pattern of growth has not been able to meet the development needs of the state and failed to translate into a better standard of living for citizens, given that neither unemployment nor poverty are reduced. (The Progress Report on Kosovo, European Commission 2011).
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Mehmeti, Fehmi, and Arsim Dragaj. "FISCAL POLICY IN KOSOVO AND ITS IMPACT ON ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT." Knowledge International Journal 26, no. 6 (March 18, 2019): 1693–701. http://dx.doi.org/10.35120/kij26061693m.
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Fiscal policy in Kosovo (1999) is based on government revenue and expenditure for achieving certain economic and social goals, and to influence macroeconomic indicators.Fiscal policy in this direction should be in the function of development and economic growth, with a high employment rate and protected from inflation.After the war in Kosovo, an UNMIK mission was set up, which from June to September 1999 was designated to provide donations in order to meet the emergency needs for financing and activating public administration, infrastructure rehabilitation and public services.In September 1999, the United Nations Civilian Administration established the Central Fiscal Authority (CFA) in Kosovo to build fiscal policy.Fiscal policy under specific conditions in Kosovo was tightened to mobilize financial means to cover public needs. So initially it was determined to collect funds for the Treasury bypassing the aspect of development of Kosovo. No mitigating administrative measures have been taken for economic development.
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Statovci, Bedri, and Gani Asllani. "Fiscal Policy of Kosovo, Taxation and Reforms." International Journal of Management Excellence 9, no. 3 (October 31, 2017): 1127–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.17722/ijme.v9i3.933.
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In Kosovo and in the new consolidating countries the fiscal policy plays the primary role in the functioning of the state, its institutions and economic growth in general. In the lack of monetary policy instruments, fiscal policy remains the only means available to the Kosovo Government for promoting investments in the private sector. Therefore, sound and prudent fiscal policies is key to maintaining macroeconomic stability, particularly when considering that fiscal policy is the main instrument of economic policy in Kosovo. Special emphases is given fiscal policies applied in Kosovo, its reforms, actions to be taken on the occasion of the policy-making reforms and finally are given appropriate recommendations.
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Tërstena, Arben, Ismail Mehmeti, and Sokol Krasniqi. "Fiscal policy and foreign trade as a determinant of economic development – focus Kosovo." International Journal of Finance & Banking Studies (2147-4486) 8, no. 3 (September 3, 2019): 77–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.20525/ijfbs.v8i3.497.
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Fiscal policy and foreign trade as a determinant of economic development – focus Kosovo
Abstract
Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to identify the role of fiscal policy in Kosovo, comparing with the Western Balkan countries, in the trends of economic development, which are related to the international market, and how to achieve the objectives of the economy of Kosovo, penetrating the foreign market of local companies, using fiscal policy instruments.
Design / methodology / approach: data processing is performed using deductive-analytical methods, describing and comparing research findings by commercial companies, extracting data and comparing official reports of national and international institutions on the role of policies analysis in the Western Balkan countries and in Kosovo, and the results of the research are based on these analyzes.
Findings: Each sovereign state has its own fiscal policy operating within the fiscal system of that country, which also influences the development trends of international trade, the same applies to Kosovo and the Western Balkan countries, where this policy includes customs tax, VAT, tax in personal income, etc. The government of the country, through fiscal policy instruments creates conditions for companies to be as present in the foreign market as possible with their products, which impacts on the overall economic development of the country. achieved.
Practical implications: the paper provides insights into the state of the fiscal system in Kosovo, how fiscal policy affects the creation of conditions for foreign trade development, where is Kosovo's economy is in relation to the Western Balkan countries and what are the steps needed to improve it.
Originality / value: the paper provides real data on the state of the fiscal system in Kosovo and its full role in the development of foreign trade in relation to the Western Balkan countries.
Key words: Fiscal policy, international trade, international agreements, fiscal system, economic development, development policy measures, etc.
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Peci, Dr Sc Bedri. "Reform of Kosovo Tax System after independence and its key functions." ILIRIA International Review 3, no. 2 (December 31, 2013): 69. http://dx.doi.org/10.21113/iir.v3i2.116.
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In this paper we have analyzed the initial circumstances which characterize tax system in Kosovo after independence. After the Declaration of Independence, it is of the paramount importance that Kosovo has undergone through a reform of policy and tax system by exploring more seriously the economic functions.However, policy and tax system of Kosovo should be more in function of economic development by achieving equilibrium between direct and indirect taxes, increasing efficiency of public expenditures and to offer more tax incentives. Designers’ preliminary requirement is to analyze fiscal, economic, etc., effects of each tax form which aims to apply in accordance with tax policy objectives and to analyze the role and effects of tax incentives to each tax form. Taking into account that Kosovo regarding the application of tax incentives of CIT, compared with other countries is the last, designers by using the experiences of other countries should apply more tax incentives in order that tax policy to be more in function for economic development
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Hamza, Bedri, and Petraq Milo. "Fiscal Policies and Economic Growth of Kosovo." Economics and Business 36, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 55–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/eb-2022-0004.
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Abstract Fiscal policy is of great importance for Kosovo’s economic development. This study aims at analysing the tax system in Kosovo in the theoretical and analytical terms. The data used are secondary taken from state budget and include tax revenues as well as budget expenditures between 2006 and 2018. Observance of tax laws is an essential civic responsibility. In a modern country, which Kosovo aims to be, citizens are required to pay taxes and other obligations which fund government programs, the provision of public services and high standards of education, welfare, health, social support, protection, law enforcement and general infrastructure. All of these can be secured and made possible only in the proper collection of taxes. The study concludes that tax policy plays a very important role in the collection of taxes and duties as well as in the fair distribution of the budget.
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Hamza, Bedri, and Petraq Milo. "Fiscal policy and economic growth: Some evidence from Kosovo." Journal of Governance and Regulation 10, no. 4 (2021): 130–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/jgrv10i4art11.
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The main purpose of this study is to analyze the effects of fiscal policy on economic growth in the Republic of Kosovo for the time period from January 2006 to September 2018 in terms of their long-term and short-term relationships. The methods used are measured using the second data (monthly series) provided by the Department of Finance as the appropriate national institution. Kosovo as one of the Balkan countries is facing the same problems as other labor countries. This study will contribute greatly to analyzing the impact of fiscal policy and will help policymakers come up with good decision-making. The econometric vector autoregression (VAR) model used in this study uses total public expenditure, total public income, fixed income structure, and consumer price index as independent variables and gross domestic product (GDP) as a dependent variable. In addition, in order of consistency time-series data were evaluated by the augmented Dickey-Fuller unit root test. The study concludes that total public expenditure significantly affects GDP; on the other hand, the total public income has a positive but visible impact on GDP, which means that the impact of government investment is more pronounced on financial development compared to public revenue; and increased demand for co-operation has decreased in monetary terms (World Bank, 2021). It is possible that government spending and structure may be related to key development quality ideas, such as the segregation of wages and environmental support (Halkos & Paizanos, 2015).
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BELLAQA, Bashkim, and Halil Bajrami. "Foreign Direct Investment, Management and Their Role in Economic Development - Kosovo Case." International Journal of Finance & Banking Studies (2147-4486) 8, no. 3 (August 21, 2019): 21–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.20525/jfbs.v8i3.833.
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One of the important aspects of a country's economic development is Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), these investments impact on economic development and improve social aspects. At the international level as well as at the country level, FDI has a relevant significance which as an issue is related to the sustainable management policy that makes the country more attractive in absorbing FDI. The purpose of this paper is to present the trends of FDI in the Western Balkan countries with an open look in Kosovo and their comparison, investment policy management, GDP FDI correlation and comparison of the trends of the remittances .Firstly in the introduction of this paper there is a theoretical review of the literature on the definitions of FDI in the economic aspect. Secondly, FDI has been presented and compared over the years in the Western Balkans countries with a vacant look in Kosovo. Third, it analyzes the FDI trends in Kosovo based on the country of origin of these investments, etc. Fourth, in the framework of this research paper, country-level management policies were analyzed in terms of creating an incentive environment for FDI. Fifth, as part of this paperwork, there are also empirical analysis of the correlations between FDI and GDP in the case of Kosovo, etc.
Keywords:
One of the important aspects of a country's economic development is Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), these investments impact on economic development and improve social aspects. At the international level as well as at the country level, FDI has a relevant significance which as an issue is related to the sustainable management policy that makes the country more attractive in absorbing FDI. The purpose of this paper is to present the trends of FDI in the Western Balkan countries with an open look in Kosovo and their comparison, investment policy management, GDP FDI correlation and comparison of the trends of the remittances .Firstly in the introduction of this paper there is a theoretical review of the literature on the definitions of FDI in the economic aspect. Secondly, FDI has been presented and compared over the years in the Western Balkans countries with a vacant look in Kosovo. Third, it analyzes the FDI trends in Kosovo based on the country of origin of these investments, etc. Fourth, in the framework of this research paper, country-level management policies were analyzed in terms of creating an incentive environment for FDI. Fifth, as part of this paperwork, there are also empirical analysis of the correlations between FDI and GDP in the case of Kosovo, etc.
Keywords: Foreign Direct Investment, Investment Policy Management, Correlations, Remittances
JEL classification: F21, M12, C33, F24
JEL classification: F21, M12, C33, F24
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Pribicevic, Ognjen, and Brano Miljus. "Challenges and prospects of German foreign policy." Medjunarodni problemi 64, no. 4 (2012): 403–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/medjp1204403p.
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For the last few years, the German foreign policy has been under constant temptations and substantial reconsideration. The key role in resolving the difficult economic and financial crises in the EU, the development of close economic ties with the Russian and other rising world economic powers, the decision to sustain in the UN Security Council in deciding to authorise the use of force in Libya, as well as the dominant attitude towards the crises in Greece and Kosovo clearly shows the wish of Germany to pursue a more independent foreign policy. In spite of all these efforts and its huge economic power, Germany has failed to become a global political power. Moreover, in order to protect and develop its trade interests Germany must remain within the frameworks of the EU and the NATO. For a long time, Germany has been one of Serbia?s most important economic and political partners. Since it is realistic to expect that Germany will be more oriented towards developing its economic ties with the new world economic powers, the Western Balkans and Serbia will not be in the focus of its foreign and economic policies. Therefore, for Serbia, it will be useful to concentrate on the cooperation with the mighty German provinces that have their interests in developing this cooperation. In the future, the Kosovo issues will remain the main obstacle to it.
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Terziu, Dr Sc Hysni. "Privatisation Process in Kosovo." ILIRIA International Review 5, no. 1 (June 30, 2015): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.21113/iir.v5i1.8.
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This paper aims at analysing activities of the privatisation process in Kosovo, seeing that privatisation is treated as a fundamental factor of overall transformation of the whole society.It may be established that the primary aim of privatisation process is increasing economic efficiency, reflection of the current state and directions of development in general. Privatisation as a process has as primary aim of opening new areas of freedom, economic efficiency and individualism.Key aim of privatisation process in Kosovo must be increase of economic efficiency, preservation of the healthy economic potential created up to date, and ensuring of the long term concept, which enables growth and macroeconomic stability. The policy of privatisation should give a response related to strategic aspects of privatisation of these sectors: of models, procedures, potential investors, technological modernisation and overtaking of social barriers.Process of privatisation and transition which has now covered countries of the Eastern and Central Europe, aims at profound economic and political transformation of these countries. To achieve this, it is necessarily required to have some basic preconditions, which are related to incitement of general efficiency of the enterprises, expansion of the capital market, introduction of competition, development of business culture in private property and freedom of entrepreneurship. Impacts of privatisation in economic development of Kosovo take a considerable place compared to other countries, therefore our aim is that through this paper we analyse factors and methods of implementation in this process.
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Rexha, Donat, Besime Ziberi, Hetemi Alban, and Eda Gorda. "The impact of active labour policies on economic growth." Corporate Governance and Organizational Behavior Review 6, no. 1 (2022): 177–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/cgobrv6i1p14.
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This study aims to analyze the mechanisms of active labour market policy in the case of Kosovo and the impact on reducing the unemployment rate and increasing employment. This research is descriptive, analytic, and exploratory. The data used are secondary data in the quarter for the period 2016–2020, which are provided by the Kosovo Agency of Statistics. The study uses the OLS (ordinary least square) econometric model and Pearson correlation in order to assess the impact of unemployment and employment rate on Kosovo’s GDP (gross domestic product). The paper concludes that Kosovo has approved a large number of programs for the activation of the unemployed, mainly young people, but generally young university graduates are in a higher structure and rate in the composition of the unemployment rate. It is generally accepted that university graduates as workforce are the key driver of economic growth and development (Ziberi, Rexha, & Ukshini, 2021). This allows us to come up with further recommendations, such as the active policies in labour market in the case of Kosovo to be designed in the future based on a cost-benefit perspective and in order to measure their effectiveness
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Creskoff, Stephen, and Petrit Gashi. "Tariffs as an Instrument of Trade Policy: The Unique Case of Kosovo." Global Trade and Customs Journal 8, Issue 5 (May 1, 2013): 137–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/gtcj2013018.
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Although all sovereign nations use import tariffs as an instrument of trade policy, most nations today are restricted by tariff bindings in trade agreements. Kosovo, a nation that has been independent for only five years, is an exception. Kosovo's only current restrictions regarding tariff increases are its tariff binding obligation in the eight nation Central European Free Trade Area (CEFTA) agreement. This gives Kosovo unusual power to vary tariff levels to carry out its economic and trade policy objectives, power that it to date has not utilized. During Kosovo's administration by the United Nations (UN), a uniform tariff of 10% ad valorem was adopted to collect revenue for the state and for ease of administration. Trade policy concerns were not taken into consideration. This uniform 10% tariff on imports, with few exceptions, is still applied by Kosovo today in 2013. In contrast to Kosovo, other CEFTA nations and the European Union (EU) impose a widely variegated tariff structure to carry out their trade policy objectives and frequently have a higher average applied tariff rate than Kosovo's. This article briefly reviews Kosovo's current trade regime and policy regarding trade in goods and argues that Kosovo should revise its uniform tariff of 10% on imports to carry out a trade policy based upon sound economic analysis. Four options for a new tariff policy - maintenance of the current 10% tariff with a phasing out of tariffs through the use of exemptions and new regional and bilateral free trade agreements; adoption of unilateral free trade; maintenance of the current average applied tariff rate of approximately 5.3% with adjustments to individual tariff rates to benefit consumers and local producers; and adoption of an industrialization strategy scheme - are evaluated.
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Shabani, Halit, Valdrin Misiri, Duresa Kilaj, and Fisnik Morina. "The Impact of The Tax Revenue Structure on The Economic Growth of The Republic of Kosovo." European Journal of Sustainable Development 11, no. 2 (June 1, 2022): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.14207/ejsd.2022.v11n2p51.
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Purpose: This scientific paper aims to analyze the impact of the structure of tax revenues on economic growth in the Republic of Kosovo. Based on the fact that taxes are unavoidable obligations for natural and legal persons, then the purpose of this paper was to see how they affect the case of the Republic of Kosovo.
Methodology: The empirical data that have been analyzed in this study are mainly secondary data which have been collected from the data of annual reports published by the Tax Administration of Kosovo, the Central Bank and the Kosovo Agency of Statistics, while the part of the literature review is referring to studies by other authors who have studied and analyzed similar tax-related issues.
Findings: Based on this scientific research and empirical findings, we can conclude that the structure of tax revenues and tax policy reform at the end of 2015 has positively affected economic growth in the Republic of Kosovo for the analyzed period (2010-2020).
Practical implications: This scientific research will serve as a good scientific reference basis for the Government of the Republic of Kosovo that the proper reform of fiscal policies for the benefit of businesses and households will have a substantial impact on savings and investments. On the other hand, the impact of the revenue structure from raising taxes has a positive impact on economic growth. As an important scientific result, regular payment of taxes by taxpayers will contribute to filling the consolidated state budget. Their proper channeling will suffice to improve infrastructure and facilitate the lives of citizens through adequate provision of public goods.
Originality: This study presents real and consistent results regarding the conclusions for the analyzed period (2010-2020).
Keywords: tax structure, tax policy, economic growth, VAT
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Ziberi, Besime, and Adelina Hodaj. "The fiscal policy and economic growth of Kosovo: An econometrical analysis." Economics, Management and Sustainability 5, no. 2 (November 19, 2020): 112–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.14254/jems.2020.5-2.8.
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Badivuku - Pantina, Dr Sc Myrvete, and MSc Jeton Zogjani. "The Foreign Direct Investment and Economic Growth - Case Study for Kosovo." ILIRIA International Review 5, no. 2 (December 31, 2015): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.21113/iir.v5i2.77.
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This research paper will explain the impact and relationship between the Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and economic growth, Kosovo case. The used data in research are secondary data and cover a period of time between 2008 and 2013. By using STATA program for calculation and by various regression analyses (descriptive statistics, linear regression and correlation) relationships have been identified between involved variables in research, where economic growth is defined as dependent variable, whereas FDI, interest rate and real effective and exchange rate (REER) are defined as independent variables. The main results in this research paper indicate that FDI has a positive relation (0.011) but non-significant effect (T<2) on economic growth while the interest rate has a positive relation (0.076) and a significant effect (T>2) on economic growth in Kosovo. The real effective exchange rate has a negative (-0.347) and non-significant relation (T<2) with economic growth. The main activities of FDI in overall Kosovo's economy are: real estate, transport and telecommunication, financial and manufacture services, construction, etc. The main conclusion is that the Kosovo institutions should create a favorable environment, such as: political stability, enforcement of justice, reduction of trade barriers, Kosovo should also create appropriate policy for protection of foreign investors, investment security, fair competition and institutional support. This will impact the drastic improvement and increase of FDI. In 2013 Kosovo had an FDI percentage of 5% of GDP while in 2007 it was over 13% of Kosovo's GDP.
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Nimani, Artan. "The Role of Taxes in Economic Development of Kosovo." European Journal of Economics and Business Studies 4, no. 1 (April 30, 2016): 79. http://dx.doi.org/10.26417/ejes.v4i1.p79-83.
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To achieve prosperity and political stability, national governments aimed at achieving economic equilibrium. The government uses various instruments to stimulate economic growth, reduce unemployment and to achieve macroeconomic objectives. In the context of slow economic growth in recent years and fiscal pressures, Kosovo faces the complex challenge of economic development. Unemployment remains at a high level. Demand for labor is still very low and create an environment that will favor the formation of stable work places is a challenging task that requires a multidimensional reforms in the economy. This paper addresses the impact of fiscal policy on reducing unemployment, increasing investment and consumption to generate sustainable economic growth.
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Geci, Fatos. "Foreign Direct Investments in Kosovo." SHS Web of Conferences 114 (2021): 01016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/202111401016.
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Purpose: The purpose of studying this topic is because in Kosovo the foreign direct investment has been consistently considered as a key factor in the potential development of the country. Knowing that investments are one of the most important macroeconomic aggregates of a country. Undoubtedly, their study has great importance with a special emphasis on the development of countries such as Kosovo, where economic, social and political circumstances require the continued absorption of investments by other countries. In general, for the country's economy, it is important to know what impact foreign investments have on economic growth, the factors that influence the growth of these investments and the actions of policy makers to attract investors. Design/methodology/approach: The data mainly obtained from the World Bank have compared Foreign Investments with the countries of the region. We consider the information to be accurate. Findings: From the findings we have made we consider that the main obstacles to foreign direct investment in Kosovo are at a high level of corruption, and politics, where we have disclosed several years of small investments due to non-approval of laws in the Assembly of Kosovo. Originality/value: The findings from this study can contribute to the improvement of policies, so that Kosovo as a transition country needs a lot of foreign direct investment that will change the economic conditions of the citizens.
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REXHEPI, Rinor, Vigan SAHITI, and Florim RULLANI. "Kosovo Integration in European Union." PRIZREN SOCIAL SCIENCE JOURNAL 4, no. 3 (December 31, 2020): 11–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.32936/pssj.v4i3.158.
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Kosovo is a new state which has just been established and has not yet been fully promoted in the international arena. Kosovo drafted a foreign policy strategy which consisted of key objectives such as lobbying for new recognitions and establishing diplomatic relations with the states that had recognized us. The purpose of the research is to measure the opinion of the citizens of Kosovo on the importance of Kosovo's integration into the EU, to measure the challenges, opportunities of Kosovo's citizens after integration, the impact it has on the economic field and to measure the opinion of state officials and experts on integration in EU.
Total of 400 respondents from all over Kosovo, a senior government official and two integration experts participated in the research. The research was conducted through a survey of citizens through the online platform and interviews with officials. We confirm the results of the research that the citizens of Kosovo will not migrate even after Kosovo's integration into the EU, and the integration of Kosovo has a significant positive impact on the development and economic prosperity of businesses. On the other side, it has been found that there are gender differences in terms of their opinion on the impact that EU integration has, and some citizens fear that integration would negatively affect their lives. So we recommend that Kosovo should be integrated into the EU as soon as possible in order to have a genuine economic development and for this the future legislatures should work seriously on this.
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Shala, Teki. "Collection of Value Added Tax in Kosovo and Its Effect on Economic Growth." European Journal of Economics and Business Studies 8, no. 1 (May 19, 2017): 225. http://dx.doi.org/10.26417/ejes.v8i1.p225-233.
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The revenue collected from the value added tax constitutes the main income of the Kosovo government. For this reason, this research has a great importance in the formulation of effective policies in Kosovo that will subsequently improve the efficiency of tax collection of Value Added and growing fiscal and budgetary stability. This research it will have a descriptive analysis of the trends of VAT collection in Kosovo from 2005- 2015 years using different analytical techniques to examine trends and data structure over the years. We have used two types of analysis; One is the descriptive analysis of trends and the other is the contrast of the descriptive analysis of trends that is the econometric technique used to analyze the VAT effect on economic growth in Kosovo. The source of data for this study is secondary through the Annual Financial Report of the Ministry of Finance of Kosovo and the IMF. In order to analyze the data generated for the study, the statistical tool utilized is OLS technique (multiple regression). One of the key findings in the collection of VAT has been its dependence on the border. Revenue collection is among the most pressing problems and such situation does not guarantee a country's budgetary stability. Also, based on the findings we noted that the VAT share of the gathering in gross domestic product of the Interior of the country has been low compared to other countries in Europe developing, reflecting a low level of economic development. Also from econometric analysis is confirmed that the regression coefficient shows that we have a VAT impact on GDP in Kosovo, because the level of significance is .000, or includes the rate of 1%. Also, the correlation between VAT and GDP shows a strong positive relationship, or statistically interpreted with the increase of VAT, will increase the GDP of Kosovo, these two elements conclude that VAT has a significant impact on economic growth in Kosovo. Furthermore, this research highlight some key issues that policy makers should consider dealing with the collection and effective use of revenue collected from VAT, to improve growth.
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Purnamasari, Miranti. "PERANAN UNI EROPA MELALUI PROGRAM IPA (INSTRUMEN PRE-ACCESSION ASSISTANCE) DALAM MEMBANGUN PEREKONOMIAN KOSOVO." Global Political Studies Journal 2, no. 2 (October 31, 2018): 133–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.34010/gpsjournal.v2i2.2027.
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The problem of this research is how the European Union is a regional organization that is in the European region, has a policy of enlargement, which is a policy where the EU is trying to expand the area of cooperation to do so will be more extensive. Balkan region did not escape the attention of Europe. for this region, the European Union issued a Stabilisation and Association Process (SAP) which merupaka a policy that contains the promise of the EU to the Western Balkan countries for the opportunity to become a member. That's why Kosovo had finally become part of the SAP. After becoming a part of SAP, Kosovo received assistance from the EU as a potential candidate candidate. Program assistance provided by the EU is the IPA program which is a program set up to create a single framework to assist candidate countries and potential countries to join the EU premises. Through this IPA, the EU provides financial assistance to Kosovo to build its economy. This type of research is qualitative. The method used is descriptive analysis techniques. Most of the data collected through literature, as well as the search website. The results of this study indicate that the funds provided by the European Union through the IPA program provided through economy of Kosovo has been quite successful with demonstrated through improvements to the economy of Kosovo, the provision of this assistance has resulted in significant improvements in economic growth and development of Kosovo.
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Vukadinovic, Igor. "The shift in Yugoslav-Albanian relations: The establishment of ties between Albania and the Autonomous Province of Kosovo and Metohija (1966-1969)." Balcanica, no. 51 (2020): 235–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/balc2051235v.
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The intra-party conflict in Yugoslavia in 1966 resulted in a fundamental shift in the attitude of the Yugoslav leadership toward the Albanian national minority, which was also reflected in the country?s foreign policy orientation. The normalization of relations with Albania was set as one of the objectives of Yugoslav foreign policy. Yugoslavia stopped responding to the anti-Yugoslav statements of Albanian officials and launched a series of cooperation initiatives with Albania. The Autonomous Province of Kosovo and Metohija was assigned a special role in the normalization of relations with Tirana and, with the consent of Belgrade, an exchange of publications, visits of cultural-artistic associations and contacts between the cultural institutions of Kosovo and Metohija and Albania ensued. This policy resulted in the establishment of direct cultural, economic and political ties between the governments of Albania and the Autonomous Province of Kosovo and Metohija, into which the Yugoslav political leadership no longer had any insight.
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Jashari, Nexhat. "Multimodal transport in Kosovo." Zbornik radova Pravnog fakulteta u Splitu 55, no. 4 (November 27, 2018): 919–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.31141/zrpfs.2018.55.130.919.
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Development of the classic branches of transport until after the year 1999 was a characteristic of economic policies in Kosovo, which came as a result of improper functioning of the market economy and non-application of modern technologies. Despite the great importance that the multimodal transport has for Kosovo, till today initial steps have been taken with the approval of the sector strategy for the multimodal transport 2015-2025 by the Kosovo Government, respectively by the Ministry of Infrastructure. The aim of this strategy is to set priorities in terms of infrastructure, as well as in terms of legal regulation. This paper addresses this topic in Kosovo for the first time, among other things notes the newly established circumstances in Kosovo after the war in 1999, which led to the change of policy development in the field of transport in order to adapt to the newly created circumstances and approximate with EU integration processes.
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KRASNIQI, BESNİK A., LİRİDON KRYEZIU, MEHMET BAĞIŞ, MEHMET NURULLAH KURUTKAN, and SARA IDRIZI. "COVID-19 AND SMEs IN KOSOVO: ASSESSING EFFECT AND POLICY PREFERENCES." Journal of Developmental Entrepreneurship 26, no. 01 (March 2021): 2150005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1084946721500059.
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The enforced lockdown and closure of businesses in response to the Covid-19 pandemic has resulted in economic crises across the globe, bringing the attention to entrepreneurship and its importance to economic recovery. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of the coronavirus pandemic on SME’s and the entrepreneurs’ policy preferences based on firm size and industry type. To achieve this, evidence from a Business Support Centre Kosovo’s (BSCK) survey involving 236 SME owners interviewed online is reported. Findings from SME survey suggest the problems with cash flow and reduction of customer demand, among others, are major problems faced by SME’s across all firm size groups and industry types. Findings from factor analysis clustered SME policy preferences into three groups: policy preferences related to financing and liquidity constraints, market related and tax preferences. This study discusses some policy and managerial implications urging the need for more nuanced and variegated understanding of the effect of coronavirus pandemic on SMEs.
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Belloni, Roberto, and Roberto Morozzo della Rocca. "Italy and the Balkans: The rise of a reluctant middle power." Modern Italy 13, no. 2 (May 2008): 169–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13532940801962108.
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Since the early 1990s Italy has been engaged in promoting peace and stability in the Balkans with a growing amount of political, economic and military resources. At the beginning of the process of Yugoslav dissolution, the Italian polity was torn apart by a set of political and financial scandals that prevented the development of an assertive foreign policy. Over time, however, Italy was able to play a more relevant and constructive role. This article traces Italy's policy towards the Balkans from its modest beginnings to the present day, focusing on four key political/economic events: the war in Bosnia, the Telekom Serbia affair, the war in Kosovo and the support given to the nascent Albanian democracy. Generally speaking, Italy has provided a positive, although modest, contribution to bringing peace and stability to the region.
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Zejnullahi, Emine Daci. "Impact of Agricultural Policy in Development of Agriculture Sector Within the Period of 1999-2015 in Kosovo." European Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies 1, no. 4 (April 30, 2016): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.26417/ejms.v1i4.p10-16.
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Agriculture sector represents one of the oldest economic branches, although the economics of agriculture represents a relatively new branch. In this regard the aim of this paper is to reflect on the issue based on sustainable and comparative arguments; furthermore, the paper aims to identify current disadvantage as well as opportunities for more sustainable agricultural development on the impact of subsidized fiscal policies in the future. Moreover, the effect of agricultural policy instruments on development of agriculture and agricultural income is likewise one of the purposes of this research. Given that agricultural policies play key role for the development of the poor countries, this has lead Kosovo towered listing agriculture development policies among the highest priorities of the political agendas. After the war, in Kosovo, agricultural sector has been neglected in terms of priorities in national development strategies, as well as in financial terms, since there had not been sufficient financial support provided. However, after a few years, recognizing the need of development of the sector as of priorities on poverty reduction, as well as on stimulation of the economic development, the sector has begun to be engaged in the national agendas. Meantime, this represents fundamental message of the World Bank, presented in the World Development Report (World Bank, 2008). In the case of Africa, the members of African Union agreed to allocate at least 10% of their budget to agriculture and rural development sector, and recently the G8 has scheduled to provide 1 billion Euros, as a support to African agriculture investments. In 2007, in Kosovo, grant scheme and subsidize (direct payments), has been accessed to the Agriculture and Rural Development Plan of 2007 -2013. Direct and indirect effects of these instruments on agricultural income / farms are poorly documented. This support was increased by the inclusion of other sectors and cultures until 2014, which includes the following measures: 1.Measure 101:“Investment on physical assets of agricultural economies ", 2. Measure 103:Investments in physical assets on processing and marketing the agricultural products, 3. Measures 302: Diversification of farms and business development. There is a lack of proper research, when the direct effects of the supportive measures on the agriculture and economic development are concerned.
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Pula, Leke, and Alban Elshani. "The Relationship Between Public Expenditure and Economic Growth In Kosovo: Findings from a Johansen Co-Integrated Test and a Granger Causality Test." Ekonomika 97, no. 1 (July 3, 2018): 47–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/ekon.2018.1.11778.
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In the scientific literature, there are two opposing views on the relationship between public expenditure and economic growth. The Keynesian view states that public expenditure is an exogenous factor that influences economic growth and can be used as a policy instrument. This point of view is in contrast to the Wagner view that the public expenditure is seen as an endogenous factor or an outcome, not a cause, of economic growth. The primary objective of this study is to test the views of Keynes’s versus Wagner’s in the case of Kosovo by using Public Expenditure (G), Gross Domestic Product and three other components of GDP: Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), Export (EXP) and Total Budget Revenue (TRtax); the variables used in this analysis are quarterly time series data spanning from 2004–2016. To accomplish the set objectives, the Johansen co-integrated technique is used to investigate the long-run relationship between public expenditure and economic growth, while the Granger causality test is used to know the direction of flow between variables. This study discovers that there is a unidirectional causality between government expenditures and economic growth in Kosovo. It is also found that there is a bidirectional causality between total budget revenue and public expenditure. On the other hand, results also provide evidence that there is a bidirectional causality between export and economic growth. Moreover, the results for Kosovo indicate that data for the period considered support the Keynesian view.
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Havolli, Dr Sc Ymer, and Dr Sc Skender Ahmeti. "Deindustrialization of Kosovo and establishment of the private sector in Kosovo - Obstacles." ILIRIA International Review 3, no. 1 (February 24, 2016): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.21113/iir.v3i1.95.
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This paper aims at analysing activities, and some of the causes of deindustrialization of Kosovo’s economy, and the stage of initial establishment of the private sector in Kosovo. The purpose of the paper is to present the current situation and development orientations, namely to review some of the obstacles from the perspective of entrepreneurs, with a view of eliminating such obstacles and fostering development. The paper shall provide a comparison of exports and imports, with a special focus on obstacles to Kosovo’s SMEs. This paper shall prove an overview on the situation of SME development and its sectors, and it is an effort to mirror the main obstacles preventing competitiveness and development of the sector. The analysis in this paper represent an effort to inform stakeholders with the sector, and help interested parties to take necessary action in improving the situation in the sector, and to assist sectors in benefitting from business opportunities, by creating a business development conducive environment, so that the changes occurring in the sector feed economic development, foster employment and help in attracting foreign investmentsThe main goal of the paper is to provide a basis for informing various actors involved in industrial development policy making in Kosovo.On the other hand, it is also an effort to contribute in consolidating information and statistical records, with a view of providing an accurate overview on Kosovo’s industry.
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Ibraimi, Xhemazie. "Privatization in post-war Kosovo: Legal review." Journal of Governance and Regulation 11, no. 1 (2022): 112–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/jgrv11i1art11.
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The main purpose of this paper is to analyze privatization in Kosovo as a complex legal process of redistribution of social wealth to private individuals or certain enterprises. The privatization process in Kosovo cannot be compared with the privatizations of countries in the region due to its economic and political specifics, as a country with economies in transition and high levels of corruption (Borošak, 2018). To study this phenomenon, we will analyze the data published by the complaints received from the Kosovo Trust Agency (KTA) the decisions of the Special Chamber as well as the judgments of the Special Chamber for human rights. Data analysis concludes on descriptive statistics, analysis of domestic laws, and regulations of the United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo (UNMIK), reports from the World Bank, processed cases, and Special Chamber court decisions on privatizations. The study concludes that the process of privatization of socially owned property has caused conflicts between the descendants as property owners before their confiscation, privatization has further destroyed the country’s economic development rather than improving the well-being and lives of its citizens. This paper is of great importance for policy makers, officials, scholars as the processing, publication of data, and sanctioning will enable this phenomenon that has become a new way of enrichment to be stopped and the state to be built for society and to belong to society.
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Balidemaj, Albina. "Working with marginalized groups: towards more holistic strategies for social exclusion reduction of the Roma community in Kosovo." Safer Communities 20, no. 2 (January 26, 2021): 85–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/sc-06-2020-0021.
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Purpose This paper aims to identify the successful strategies, through literature review, to be used in Kosovo to help integrate the Roma community and to reduce the community’s overall social exclusion. This paper further examines the gaps between strategies and implementation results in reducing the social exclusion of the Roma through experiences of other European countries with similar political and socio-economic history as Kosovo. Design/methodology/approach This paper uses a literature review and further examines the experiences of other European countries, with similar political and socio-economic history as Kosovo and their strategies in eliminating the social exclusion for Roma communities. A holistic socio-ecological approach is used as a recommended model to be used for the development of a strategy to reduce social exclusion among Roma Communities in Kosovo. Findings The social and economic implications are extremely negative for countries with large Roma minorities, such as Western Balkan countries and the European Union (EU) as a whole. Roma inclusion policies both in the EU and Western Balkans contain considerable flaws and tend to ignore the variables of discrimination and antigypsyism. There is an obvious need to act more urgently to prevent the exclusion of Roma and to create strategies for better inclusion. Overall, gaps seem to remain between the strategies and implementation results. Practical implications This paper aims to add to the existing literature about the ongoing efforts of the international development assistance community and communities in the developing world. This paper also aims to show the gaps in ongoing efforts and provide generic recommendations that may be applicable in many diverse situations with the aim of leading communities toward a self-sufficient sustainable future. Originality/value The Kosovo anti-discrimination law protects all individuals from discrimination; however, in practice, studies show that the Roma exclusion is very high in Kosovo. This paper stands among the first to analyze comparative literature and policy reviews.
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KOVAÇI, Idriz, Petrit HASANAJ, Avni KRASNIQI, and Alberta TAHIRI. "The Impact of Tourism on the Economic Development of Kosovo." Journal of Environmental Management and Tourism 12, no. 1 (February 21, 2021): 146. http://dx.doi.org/10.14505/jemt.12.1(49).12.
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The Tourism sector of Kosovo’s Economy is dominated by small and medium economic agents(operators), meanwhile large economic agents(operators) are still under privatisation processes, for this reason there is a necessity for a more favorable sectorial strategy which will provide long term stability to tourism operators, oferring a diverse tourism product portfolio. Based on the methods and models of stabile developments in tourism presented in this paper, tourism operators will find it easier to coordinate with their respective communities and the public sector to promote the clear message to the tourist regarding the tourism products offered of specific tourist destinations. The analysis shows opportunities for the application of, and potential for integration of those operators in the planning of tourism on a significant scale. Following a theoretical review, a model is proposed in the planning of tourism based on their respective communities. To analyse the differences between the theoretical model and practical application, we examine the Tourism Region of the Albanian Alps of Kosovo.The findings in this study highlight the challenges of institutions in seeking to identify appropriate responsibilities and coordination strategies of all agents involved in the processes of the planning and development of a stabile tourism sector. The Tourism Region taken for example in this paper offers critical evaluation on how to help tourism strategists on their approach in the composition of tourism policy with the aim of helping agents (operators) improve their planning and development methods of tourism, in full cooperation of their respective communities, while also giving aid in guiding organizational direction in seeking new tourism regions in Kosovo.
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Nikiforov, Konstantin. "Russian foreign policy and the Balkans in the 1990s…" Balcanica, no. 38 (2007): 231–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/balc0738231n.
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In the initial phase after the collapse of the USSR, Russian diplomacy lacked vision and initiative, generally following the West's lead, including its policy towards the Yugoslav crisis (1991-95). It was only from about 1994 and as a result of the decision to expand NATO into Eastern Europe, that it sought to become more synchronized with the prevailing mood in Russian society, increasingly disillusioned with Western policies. There was a change in the phrasing of official statements, but the Russian Foreign Ministry in fact continued to follow the West and supported the severe anti-Serbian sanctions regime. Russia played merely a supporting role in the Bosnian crisis, which led to the withdrawal of Russian peacekeepers. The only Russian initiative in the period was Putin's proposal to hold a Balkan conference to discuss the inviolability of borders and human rights, but it was left out in the open. Recently, however, Russia has become more active in connection with the Kosovo status talks, as a result of her aspiration to translate her newly-gained economic strength into political power, but also of the fact that there are in the post-Soviet territory some unrecognized self-proclaimed states, moreover, for the most part pro-Russian. What is vital for Russia is that she is now seeking to develop a conceptual framework for past events and to prevent any breach of international law in the future. Hence the emphasis on the necessity of laying down 'universal principles' applicable in any situation, not just in the case of Kosovo. Furthermore, a de facto independence for Kosovo, as envisaged by the Martti Ahtisaari plan, cannot resolve the problem of Serbo-Albanian conflict in a sustainable way, and remains a dangerous precedent both regionally and globally.
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Mamedov, Ilgar M. "A. Davutoglu’s Doctrine of Strategic Depth and the Balkans." Slavic Almanac, no. 3-4 (2021): 126–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.31168/2073-5731.2021.3-4.1.06.
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Davutoglu defines Turkey as a central regional power located in the middle of Afro-Eurasia and surrounded by regions with which it does not only have geographical proximity, but also historical and cultural ties. Consisting of three belts, these regions constitute the strategic depth of Turkey. The Balkans are one of them. The two basic axes on which Turkey’s Balkan geopolitics is based are Bosnia and Herzegovina, and Kosovo. The Bosnian, the Macedonian, and the Albanian issues (the latter being an extension of the Kosovo issue) are key regional problems. A. Davutoglu considers them from the point of view of global, regional, and local challenges. Turkey should keep track of external regional factors and internal regional balances. At the global level, Ankara is striving to build a new international political, economic, and cultural order. Regionalism is the most important basis and requirement for the Balkan policy aimed at creating a regional order based on the principles of regional responsibility, inclusiveness, and economic integration, and aspirations for European integration. There is an incompatibility, moreover, a contradiction of regional and European integration, which creates a dilemma for the Balkan policy of Turkey.
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Bo, Čen. "The foreign policy of China." Napredak 1, no. 2 (2020): 9–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/napredak2001009b.
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This paper presents a brief outline of the foreign policy aims of the People's Republic of China. Brought into focus is the principle of multilateralism, the basic guiding principle of China, which is aware of the effects of globalization. The principle needs to be applied to the response to the COVID-19 epidemic. Stressed in the paper are the principles that China follows in its relations with the USA, the EU and Serbia, and the importance of the Belt and Road initiative and Cooperation 17+1. The paper states that the question of Kosovo and Metohija should be resolved within the framework of Resolution 1244 passed by the UN Security Council. Hongkong is an integral part of China and the questions regarding this matter are to be resolved by China. Hongkong is a territory with a large degree of autonomy and the recent legislation aims to protect the security of China and Hongkong and do not contradict the policy "One Country - Two Systems", but rather confirm it. The paper also presents new data on the economic development of China and progress made in its economic relations with the EU and the countries participating in the Cooperation 17+1 program.
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Smajli, Remzi. "Modernization of tax structure in Kosovo." European Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies 1, no. 1 (April 30, 2015): 149. http://dx.doi.org/10.26417/ejis.v1i1.p149-154.
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An advantage in stabile economic balance in different countries is undoubtedly the form of fiscal system. Transformation towards modernization of the tax administration can undoubtedly bring favor the development of the economy with special emphasis on small business and middle. Fundamental changes that must occur in the tax structure redistribution of the tax burden and broaden the tax base. However leaders in this area requires special attention because this hypothesis is quite challenging because of the possible consequences. The main directions should have the right tax policy orientation; change in structure between direct and indirect taxes and tax structure right from the central or local level decentralization of tax power. Efficient functioning of the tax administration services and providing suitable conditions for fulfillment by taxpayers is the challenge of the tax system in Kosovo. One of the prerequisites of the efficiency of the tax system, in addition to organizational activities is the provision of modern information system, on which the tax administration of Kosovo should be on the cutting edge. This will simultaneously be the topic of discussion in my next paper for the Conference
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Muharremi, Robert. "Establishing Institutions under International Administration." Hrvatska i komparativna javna uprava 20, no. 1 (March 31, 2020): 7–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.31297/hkju.20.1.1.
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The international community, led by the United Nations, created Kosovo’s new post-war institutions and continues to influence them, even after Kosovo declared independence in 2008. One of the very first priorities of the United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo (UNMIK) was to establish the rule of law and to develop institutions and legal frameworks for a normally functioning economy. However, after almost two decades of internationally led institution-building, Kosovo is still, measured by European standards, a poor country with weak institutions. This paper shows that the creation of institutions does not follow a rational decision-making model, even when, like in Kosovo, institutions are created under direct international involvement and with the intention to develop the rule of law and facilitate economic development. The garbage can model approach to governance and decision-making provides a better explanation of the formation of governance institutions and why institutions, despite perhaps the best intentions, do not produce the desired results; failing to solve the underlying policy problems. The case studies on the privatisation of socially owned property and the development of contract law show that, in the case of Kosovo, adopting the best international and European standards almost always meant adopting a decontextualised solution promoted by an international actor. It did not really matter if that solution indeed solved the problem. In fact, in most cases the problem remained, with new problems being created because of the inadequacy of the imported ready-made solution. The conclusion is that sometimes less international assistance is more. In the absence of so much international financial and technical assistance, Kosovar leadership would have been required to assume more ownership of the policy-making for solving their problems. Less international assistance would also have meant less competition between international actors and less pressure to adopt ready-made decontextualised solutions.
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Beqiri, Burim, and Genc Rexhepi. "Policy in Relation with Health of Citizens." European Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies 3, no. 4 (October 6, 2017): 120. http://dx.doi.org/10.26417/ejis.v3i4.p120-124.
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Policy is a key factor of development and demolition of a particular country, especially Kosovo as a new country in the region. Studies showed that there is a link between economic policy, inequality and health of the population. One of the biggest surprises in the literature and studies in Europe and America is that there are few studies on policy variables and their impact on health and income. Health is the main factor, affecting the social and the welfare, also lack of health come as a result of political factors (Vincent Navarro, 2008). Rudolf Virchow stated that "Medicine is a social science while politic is nothing except the high-level medicine". The biggest development in the political field, were done by avoiding affects, welfare and directly affects health of citizens (Navarro V., 2000). Recently there were too many changes in governments confusing population so we wanted to study the current policy and to clarify if policy is a factor that affects health. Participants in this research were 86 citizens (64% males) in five cities of Kosovo chosen systematically sample. We used four questionnaires: Self-created questionnaires to measure the current state of the political based on two other questionnaires, we used Ault Hope Scale (AHS) (Snyder C. R., et. Al., 1991) to measure hope, Centre for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-DS) (Radloff,, 1977) to measure situation of current depression in general population and The Satisfaction with Life Scale (SwLS) (Diener et al., 1985) to measure satisfaction. (Data were analyzed using the statistical Package for social science (SPSS, 22). Results show that citizens are disappointed by the current political situation in Kosovo (72.5 %). Also 73.2% of the respondents accepted that they are too agitated to recent political events, which consequently follows that 47.2% of them have been depressed. These studies show that political situation is an indicator factor in health and wellbeing of citizens directly, or indirectly by increasing the scale of depression and anxiety. Policy is the main discussion topic in society and also in family so there is plenty of space to study the current policy and the effects on social wellbeing.
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Beqiri, Burim, and Genc Rexhepi. "Policy in Relation with Health of Citizens." European Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies 9, no. 1 (October 6, 2017): 120. http://dx.doi.org/10.26417/ejis.v9i1.p120-124.
Full textAbstract:
Policy is a key factor of development and demolition of a particular country, especially Kosovo as a new country in the region. Studies showed that there is a link between economic policy, inequality and health of the population. One of the biggest surprises in the literature and studies in Europe and America is that there are few studies on policy variables and their impact on health and income. Health is the main factor, affecting the social and the welfare, also lack of health come as a result of political factors (Vincent Navarro, 2008). Rudolf Virchow stated that "Medicine is a social science while politic is nothing except the high-level medicine". The biggest development in the political field, were done by avoiding affects, welfare and directly affects health of citizens (Navarro V., 2000). Recently there were too many changes in governments confusing population so we wanted to study the current policy and to clarify if policy is a factor that affects health. Participants in this research were 86 citizens (64% males) in five cities of Kosovo chosen systematically sample. We used four questionnaires: Self-created questionnaires to measure the current state of the political based on two other questionnaires, we used Ault Hope Scale (AHS) (Snyder C. R., et. Al., 1991) to measure hope, Centre for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-DS) (Radloff,, 1977) to measure situation of current depression in general population and The Satisfaction with Life Scale (SwLS) (Diener et al., 1985) to measure satisfaction. (Data were analyzed using the statistical Package for social science (SPSS, 22). Results show that citizens are disappointed by the current political situation in Kosovo (72.5 %). Also 73.2% of the respondents accepted that they are too agitated to recent political events, which consequently follows that 47.2% of them have been depressed. These studies show that political situation is an indicator factor in health and wellbeing of citizens directly, or indirectly by increasing the scale of depression and anxiety. Policy is the main discussion topic in society and also in family so there is plenty of space to study the current policy and the effects on social wellbeing.
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Bono, Giovanna. "The European Union and ‘Supervised Independence’ of Kosovo: A Strategic Solution to the Kosovo/Serbia Conflict?" European Foreign Affairs Review 15, Issue 2 (May 1, 2010): 249–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/eerr2010018.
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Abstract. This article challenges the dominant view that the European Union (EU) acted as a neutral broker in the negotiations over the Kosovo status issue. It also questions some of the critical arguments that the EU behaved as a neo-colonial power. The article suggests that EU policy towards Kosovo was shaped by a ‘victors peace’ approach but it was non-strategic, that is, it was not based on a long-term assessment of how best to foster reconciliation in the region while at the same time safeguarding the EU’s economic, political and security interests. In fact, although a consensus had emerged in 2004–2005 that appeared to favour an imposed solution around the concept of ‘supervised independence’, this was rivalled by tensions cutting across the traditional ‘Europeanists’ and ‘transatlanticists’ divide. The latter got the upper hand as the Kosovo status issue soon became caught up in the ‘second Cold War’, which is the controversy between the United States and Russia over North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) enlargement and the deployment of the anti-missile defence shield in Eastern Europe. In the short-to-medium term, the EU has, unintentionally, entrenched divisions among local actors, contributed to the proliferation of external security missions with competing objectives and most EU Member States have undermined international law by recognizing Kosovo’s unilateral declaration of independence.
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Rexha, Donat, Abdylmenaf Bexheti, and Kosovare Ukshini. "Impact of the fiscal policy on economic growth: an analytical approach from the Republic of Kosovo." International Journal of Public Sector Performance Management 7, no. 4 (2021): 534. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijpspm.2021.116385.
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Bexheti, Abdylmenaf, Kosovare Ukshini, and Donat Rexha. "Impact of the fiscal policy on economic growth: an analytical approach from the Republic of Kosovo." International Journal of Public Sector Performance Management 7, no. 4 (2021): 534. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijpspm.2021.10039124.
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Nimani, Artan, and Halil Kukaj. "New Fiscal Package in Kosovo and Its Impact on Economy." European Journal of Sustainable Development 8, no. 5 (October 1, 2019): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.14207/ejsd.2019.v8n5p29.
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In order to create a more flexible system for citizens and businesses in Kosovo, the Government of Kosovo made a decision by which from 1 April 2014 increased the salaries for 25% for employees receiving salaries and pensioner compensation and other social categories from the Kosovo budget. This Government decision carries some problems with regard to public finance management and impact on the country's economy by creating a new reality in the payroll and public spending. Direct impact of this document: Decision No: 01/176. 10 March 2014, are: First, the increase in wage expenditures was not planned in the Medium Term Expenditure Framework 2014-2016 and this has given an indication of macroeconomic inefficiency (Assessed by the Kosovo Finance Ministry). Secondly, this increase decreases capital investment costs, which have the greatest potential to generate economic growth. Thirdly, wage growth along with spending on the Pristina-Skopje highway is expected to increase the budget deficit over the fiscal rule. Such a situation was also present at the time of investments in the Motorway Vermicë - "Nations connection way". In order to balance the increase of budget expenditures with revenues, the International Monetary Fund (IMF), at the conclusion of the Kosovo visit in March 2015, suggested to the Government of Kosovo that in the continuation of the increase of the various excise duties to see the possibilities for growth Value Added Tax (VAT) which would bring a substantial increase in budget revenues. At the 20th meeting of the Government of Kosovo, dated 24 March 2015, during this IMF visit, the Government took a series of decisions on fiscal changes. Among other things, these decisions have to do with the approval of new draft laws: 1. Changes in Value Added Tax (VAT); 2. Changes in Corporate Income Tax; 3. Changes in Personal Income Tax; and 4. Changes in excises duties of cars, tobacco, and alcoholic beverages etc. Based on the analysis of these changes and their effects, one can make an assessment of the economic and fiscal effects of the aforementioned laws. Some of the key findings of this study-analysis section show that small businesses will be negatively impacted by lowering the VAT threshold, while the abolition of VAT on machinery and raw materials will lower the cost of production and potentially increase investments in manufacturing sectors. Reform in fiscal policy encourages greater investment in production and at the same time improves business liquidity. According to an estimate by the Ministry of Finance, businesses will have about 27.6% cheaper start of production process. Keywords: Kosovo budget.,VAT, Tax, IMF, Ministry of Finance, fiscal
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Maliqi, Reshat. "Kosovo's Security Policy in Preventing and Fighting Trafficking of Human Beings 2009-2014." European Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies 1, no. 3 (December 30, 2015): 227. http://dx.doi.org/10.26417/ejis.v1i3.p227-233.
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Development of policies for the prevention of every nature of organized crime from the security institutions of the Republic of Kosovo is an important element through which is aimed the coordination of works and prevention activities in order to respond to negative phenomena through taking precautions. Prevention means all activities that impact on halting and reducing crime as a social phenomenon, both quantitatively as well as qualitatively, through occasional initiatives (ad hoc). Advancing capacity to prevent crime is the need of the time and the challenge faced by the countries of the Western Balkans, especially Kosovo, because in this area there is still the old belief that only the police should be involved to prevent and fight trafficking of human beings. Nature and trends of trafficking of human beings have taken a direction in which the police as law enforcement agency cannot as such prevent these crime phenomena. Therefore, it is time imperative that in the field of crime prevention of human trafficking engage all relevant institutions with special emphasis on civil society and community in particular. To cope with the challenges of preventing and fighting trafficking of human beings, activities within state’s territory are not sufficient, but it is vital that states align and coordinate activities at the regional level in real time, place and space identified for common actions. This paper aims to address this phenomenon not only in the case of Kosovo, but also in the Western Balkan region. The main thesis of this paper is the articulation of the problem in order to successfully prevent the phenomenon of trafficking of human beings through awareness of citizens, while from institutions is required opening of perspectives for new generations, for work and life, through economic development, fighting poverty, stimulating employment and preventing the migration in different countries. To successfully prevent crime, particularly trafficking in human beings, it is necessary that responsible institutions have sufficient human resources, specialized and equipped with technical tools and necessary technology, to have continuous specialized training and to deal with all phenomena of organized crime.
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Maliqi, Reshat. "Kosovo's Security Policy in Preventing and Fighting Trafficking of Human Beings 2009-2014." European Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies 3, no. 1 (December 30, 2015): 227. http://dx.doi.org/10.26417/ejis.v3i1.p227-233.
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Development of policies for the prevention of every nature of organized crime from the security institutions of the Republic of Kosovo is an important element through which is aimed the coordination of works and prevention activities in order to respond to negative phenomena through taking precautions. Prevention means all activities that impact on halting and reducing crime as a social phenomenon, both quantitatively as well as qualitatively, through occasional initiatives (ad hoc). Advancing capacity to prevent crime is the need of the time and the challenge faced by the countries of the Western Balkans, especially Kosovo, because in this area there is still the old belief that only the police should be involved to prevent and fight trafficking of human beings. Nature and trends of trafficking of human beings have taken a direction in which the police as law enforcement agency cannot as such prevent these crime phenomena. Therefore, it is time imperative that in the field of crime prevention of human trafficking engage all relevant institutions with special emphasis on civil society and community in particular. To cope with the challenges of preventing and fighting trafficking of human beings, activities within state’s territory are not sufficient, but it is vital that states align and coordinate activities at the regional level in real time, place and space identified for common actions. This paper aims to address this phenomenon not only in the case of Kosovo, but also in the Western Balkan region. The main thesis of this paper is the articulation of the problem in order to successfully prevent the phenomenon of trafficking of human beings through awareness of citizens, while from institutions is required opening of perspectives for new generations, for work and life, through economic development, fighting poverty, stimulating employment and preventing the migration in different countries. To successfully prevent crime, particularly trafficking in human beings, it is necessary that responsible institutions have sufficient human resources, specialized and equipped with technical tools and necessary technology, to have continuous specialized training and to deal with all phenomena of organized crime.
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Sen, Kunal, and Colin Kirkpatrick. "A diagnostics approach to economic growth and employment policy in low income economies: The case of Kosovo." Journal of International Development 23, no. 1 (December 28, 2009): 132–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jid.1659.
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Bellaqa, Bashkim, and Besim Gollopeni. "Youth employment and unemployment rates in Kosovo." Corporate Governance and Organizational Behavior Review 5, no. 2, special issue (2021): 212–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/cgobrv5i2sip9.
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The main aim of this study is to analyse the employment and unemployment rates in the Western Balkans, looking particularly at youth (aged 18–24 years) unemployment in Kosovo. The results of the study show that unemployment in this age group is high and that labour market policies are also not appropriate. The empirical study was conducted during the pandemic (2020), but statistics for study needs were used from the period 2001–2019. It involved young people aged 18–24 and used data from various local and international institutions regarding the labour market for young people, labour market policy, etc. The study shows that in Kosovo, 48.7% of young people aged 18–24 are unemployed and that the most pronounced unemployment is among women. A significant proportion of the young population is unemployed (46.4%) and youth unemployment among females is higher (53.6%) compared to males (42.9%) (Kosovo Agency of Statistics, 2020b). Kosovo’s problem with youth unemployment is the result of poor economic development as well as inefficient labour market policies. The study recommends that policymakers develop sustainable and effective policies that will lead to stability in youth employment and improve the labour market performance. These policies should help organizations and businesses to increase the number of employees, but should also create long-term employment stability. Furthermore, a critical appraisal is necessary to avoid youth unemployment, instability in youth employment and labour market instability as a whole
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Toropygin, A. V. "Economic and Political Aspects of the Serbia — EAEU Free Trade Area." EURASIAN INTEGRATION: economics, law, politics 14, no. 2 (July 9, 2021): 120–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.22394/2073-2929-2021-02-120-131.
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The article is devoted to the analysis of the Serbia — EAEU relations development through the prism of the Agreement on the Free Trade Area (FTA) — between the integration association and the separate economy / country. The purpose of this study is to identify the prospects of the FTA taking into account Serbia’s desire to integrate into the European Union. The author come to the conclusion that intensive interaction, primarily between Serbia and Russia through the FTA between Serbia and the EAEU, is explained, on the one hand, by Serbia’s multi-vector foreign policy, and, on the other hand, by Russia’s attentive attitude to the course of the conflict over Kosovo. Russia has economic interests in this region, as well as the region is people-related value for Russia within which it has used and will intensively utilize of soft power mechanisms.
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Musliu, Vjosa. "Multi-ethnic democracy as an autoimmune practice: The case of international missions in Kosovo." British Journal of Politics and International Relations 19, no. 1 (November 9, 2016): 188–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1369148116672211.
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This article explains how the international project for building multi-ethnic democracy in Kosovo undermines itself by effectively opposing the very concept of democracy. Derrida explained this with ‘autoimmunity’, a term which describes the failed attempt of an organism to recognize its own constituent parts as self, leading to an immune response against its own cells and tissues. Unlike Derrida, I provide that the promotion or the building of multi-ethnic democracy in Kosovo commits suicide in its insemination because it is intrinsically undemocratic and because it defines the constituting elements of democracy on basis of ethnic lines while discriminating other identity forms such as gender, social, or economic class. First, the article contributes to the critique of ‘liberal interventionism’ and the logic of transposing ‘models of governing’ in third countries; second, it redefines Derrida’s concept of autoimmunity with regard to international projects for democracy building.
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Kukaj, Halil, and Faruk B. Ahmeti. "The Importance Of Foreign Direct Investments On Economic Development In Transitional Countries: A Case Study Of Kosovo." European Scientific Journal, ESJ 12, no. 7 (March 30, 2016): 288. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2016.v12n7p288.
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The role of investment, in particularly foreign direct investment (FDI), is regarded as one of the most important contributors of economic growth. The past quarter century has witnessed remarkable growth in FDIs flow all over the world. This is due to the fact that many countries, especially developing countries, see FDI as an important element in their overall strategy for economic development. This paper provides a review of the economic impact of FDI, with specific focus on developing countries particularly Kosovo and ex-Yugoslavian countries in the Balkan Peninsula. FDIs contribute to the economic development of host country in two main ways. They include the augmentation of domestic capital and the enhancement of efficiency through the transfer of new technology, marketing and managerial skills, innovation, and best practices. Secondly, FDI has both benefits and costs, and its impact is determined by the country’s specific conditions in general and the policy environment in particular. This is in terms of the ability to diversify, the level of absorption capacity, targeting of FDI, and the various opportunities for linkages between FDI and domestic investment. The paper aims to clarify the main causes of failure of foreign direct investments in Kosovo and reviles the importance of indicators that majorly has an institutional nature. Neither the amount nor the effects of foreign direct investment were satisfactory. Therefore, the paper reviles that in this aspect, a wide range of actions needs to be made, which is specifically related to government institutions and the business community.
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Krasniqi, Ibrahim. "The New Public Management In Transition Countries- Public Sector Decentralization And Local Governance Reform In Kosovo." International Journal of Business & Technology 2, no. 1 (May 2013): 39–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.33107/ijbte.2013.2.1.06.
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Public administration management in most developing countries is changing rapidly through reform processes with respect to public service delivery and the stimulation of economic growth. That change, in general is affected by the need for policy reform, has resulted in different structural public management reforms known as decentralization and ‘the new public management’, reflecting a movement away from the old values and norms of public administration management. This paper discusses the issue of local government reform processes in Kosovo in parallel with the new public management processes in the country. Local government reform has been and is a priority of the institutions of the Republic of Kosovo, and as such, it has gone through various stages of its evolution. In other words, special emphasis should be put also on the achievements, progress, challenges and difficulties of local government reform processes. As such, this paper reflects the ontological aspect of the new public management approach in local government reform in the Republic of Kosovo, starting from the development stages of this extensive process up to the current situation, including falls and downs of this process. Therefore, this paper reflects empirically (through research) the current status of local government in Kosovo, as well as the difficulties faced by the local government. As a result of the elaboration of this paper, we have come to the conclusion that local government has made a significant progress since the end of the war. However, much remains to be done in this regard, especially in terms of: transparency, accountability, citizen participation in decision-making, and many other processes, which further strengthen local democracy in the country.
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A. Džogović, Suada. "THE INFLUENCE OF CONTRIBUTION ACTIVITIES OF TURKEY ON ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF COUNTRIES IN TRANSITION: THE CASE OF BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA AND KOSOVO ECONOMY." Journal Human Research in Rehabilitation 9, no. 1 (April 2019): 102–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.21554/hrr.041913.
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The aim of this study is to improve the knowledge about the influence of the Republic of Turkey on the economic development of the Western Balkan countries in the period from 2003 to 2014. The analysis of the activities of the Republic of Turkey shows how much they contribute to the national product, that is, they had influence on the diversification of the economy, generate the income and sustainability of a part of the engaged population in Bosnia and Herzegovina and Kosovo. Comparative data of the analyzed countries show that, with oscillatory movements, an increase in total investments of the Republic of Turkey was recorded in the period from 2003 to 2014. From the analyzed period, it is clear that Turkey is pursuing an active economic policy, whose primary objective is to improve economic relations with the Western Balkan countries