Journal articles on the topic 'Korean'
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1
Kim, Bumsoo. "Are North Korean Compatriots “Korean”? The Trifurcation of Ethnic Nationalism in South Korea during the Syngman Rhee Era (1948–60)." Journal of Korean Studies 24, no. 1 (March 1, 2019): 149–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/21581665-7258094.
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Abstract Focusing on the question of whether South Koreans’ notion of “we, the people of Korea” (uri taehan kungmin) included North Korean compatriots or not, this study examines the trifurcation of ethnic nationalism in South Korea during the Syngman Rhee era (1948–1960). Specifically, by analyzing columns and editorials of three Korean newspapers, Chosŏn ilbo, Tonga ilbo, and Kyŏnghyang sinmun, this study reveals that, following the division of Korea (1948), Korean nationalism trifurcated, at least in South Korea, into three different but closely related versions, each of which did not deny that historically all Koreans belonged to the same nation, but defined “we, the people of Korea” differently: (1) tanil minjok (one nation) nationalism, which included not only South Koreans but also North Korean compatriots in “we, the people of Korea”; (2) anticommunist nationalism, which included South Koreans and “patriotic compatriots” of North Korea in “we, the people of Korea” while excluding North Korean “commies”; and (3) Taehan Min’guk (the great ROK) nationalism, which identified only South Koreans as “we, the people of Korea.” In doing so, this study suggests that, as the division of Korea solidified after the Korean War, South Koreans began to “imagine” themselves as a different national community, separated from North Korean compatriots.
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Lee, Kathy, Sunyoung Choi, and Jee Won Min. "Discursive strategies of othering: North Korean youth on a South Korean television show." Text & Talk 39, no. 6 (November 26, 2019): 725–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/text-2019-0236.
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Abstract As the number of South Koreans, especially those in their 20s and 30s, in favor of unification with North Korea decreases, it is not surprising that younger generations feel a lack of closeness or familiarity with North Korean refugees in South Korea. Targeting South Korean adolescents’ ambivalence toward unification and North Korean refugees is a talk show called Great Friends. Moderated by a South Korean host, Great Friends presents the experiences of a group of North Korean and South Korean youth. Given the current social climate surrounding North Korean refugees in South Korea, this study investigates how North Korean youth on this program are discursively constructed over the course of 17 episodes aired in 2015. Considering the unequal power relations between the host country and refugees, this study applies critical discourse analysis (CDA) to interpret how North Korean adolescents are presented to a South Korean audience. The analysis reveals the ‘othering’ of North Koreans through discourses of difference. Despite presenting North Koreans as friends to South Koreans, these discursive constructions create a dichotomy by positioning North Koreans as inferior to their southern counterparts. The findings contribute to rethinking how authorities promote the integration of North Koreans in South Korea.
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Byung Joon, Jung. "The Political Was Personal: Shifting Images of 76 Korean pow s Who Went to Neutral Nations." Journal of American-East Asian Relations 27, no. 3 (October 26, 2020): 235–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18765610-27030003.
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Abstract Under the terms of the Korean War armistice, prisoners of war (pow s) could reject repatriation. The vast majority of non-repatriates went to either of the Koreas, China, or Taiwan. But a small group consisting of 76 Korean and twelve Chinese pow s exercised their option to go to neutral nations instead. This article examines how South Korean discourse about these outlier pow s shifted over the decades. An early assumption was that they had made a principled, ideological decision to reject both blocs of a global Cold War. But their choice of neutral countries was a more personal than ideological one. Their anti-communism appeared muted, since they also eschewed the other side. This interpretation contained little direct knowledge of the pow s themselves; it owed more to how the South Korean public saw the war that devastated their peninsula. There also was the influence of “The Square” in the Korean intellectual society and the mass media in their understanding of these Korean prisoners. After the collapse of the Soviet bloc, South Koreans became more confident about the rivalry with North Korea. This led to a reengagement with the memory of the pow s who had spurned both Koreas, making rejection of Communist North Korea more convincing and their refusal to remain in South Korea was less problematic.
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SCHWEKENDIEK, DANIEL. "BIOSOCIAL COMPARISON OF MID-UPPER ARM CIRCUMFERENCE IN THE TWO KOREAS." Journal of Biosocial Science 45, no. 5 (January 2, 2013): 615–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021932012000776.
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SummaryAnthropometric differences between the two Koreas are of considerable public and scientific interest given the unique socio-political status of North Korea and the fact that the nations share the same genetic ancestry. This study provides new biosocial evidence on these differences by analysing mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) as a human welfare indicator. This is the first study to compare the nutritional status of adults surveyed inside North Korea with South Koreans. The MUAC measurements of 2793 North Korean women obtained through a household survey conducted in 2002 were compared with those of 1428 South Korean women surveyed around 2003. Comparative analysis was conducted by plotting centiles and calculating mean differences in MUAC by age. This paper finds that the MUAC of the South Koreans was on average 2.8 cm greater than that of their North Korean peers, with MUAC gaps ranging from 1.6 cm to 3.9 cm and becoming more pronounced with age. This research confirms previous studies on height and weight in the two Germanies and in the two Koreas that have shown that biosocial performance is worse in socialist economies as compared with free-market regimes.
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Kang, Jin Woong. "North Koreans in South Korea and Beyond: Transnational Migration and Contested Nationhood." Migration Letters 17, no. 2 (April 2, 2020): 325–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.33182/ml.v17i2.703.
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This article examines the differentiated identities of North Koreans in South Korea and beyond in terms of transnational migration and contested nationhood. In the post-Cold War era, North Koreans in South Korea have been marginalised as a social minority, and comprise a subaltern group within South Korea, despite having South Korean citizenship. As a result, many North Korean refugees, including those who have already gained South Korean citizenship, have migrated to Western countries for a better life in terms of wealth and welfare. As active agents, they have pursued strategic lives in the host countries’ multicultural societies and Korean communities. Through complex transnational migration to South Korea and elsewhere, North Koreans have reformulated nationhood by contesting the idea of a “homogeneous nation” of Korea. This article focuses on how North Koreans have shaped their own Koreanness in the multicultural societies of the United States and the United Kingdom as well as in the hierarchical nationhood of South Korea. By doing so, it offers an alternative framework for looking at the multifarious identities of North Korean refugees globally.
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Song, Yosung, and Justin E. Freedman. "The Construction and Embodiment of Dis/Ability for North Korean Refugees living in South Korea." Teachers College Record: The Voice of Scholarship in Education 124, no. 7 (July 2022): 201–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/01614681221111459.
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Background/Context: Every year, an unknown number of North Koreans flee their homeland. As of 2020, 33,752 North Koreans had arrived in South Korea. The political positioning of North Korean refugees in South Korean society is unique from other immigrants, in that they receive immediate South Korean citizenship and are considered members of the same ethnic group as South Koreans. However, North Korean refugees face discrimination in South Korea, including in schools. Purpose/Objective/Research Question/Focus of Study: This paper extends the use of the intersectional analytical framework, disability critical race theory (DisCrit), outside of western settings to the Korean context. The purpose is to analyze the schooling experiences of North Korean refugees in South Korea. We provide a background about the divide between the nations of North and South Korea and discuss how this divide contributes to North Korean refugees’ position as outsiders. We also situate discrimination faced by North Korean refugees within South Korea as a broader response to changing demographics, by highlighting the experiences of immigrants and South Korean multicultural education policy. Drawing upon the voices of North Korean refugees, we analyze how the discrimination they experience constructs them as less capable and valued than their South Korean peers. Research Design: This paper reports the findings of a qualitative study that analyzes data from semi-structured interviews of North Korean refugees in South Korea. The interviews focus on participants’ schooling experiences in mainstream schools, at an alternative school, and in their transition to postsecondary education. Conclusions/Recommendations: Our analysis demonstrates how North Korean refugee students are positioned as dis/abled and come to embody disabling conditions as a result of discrimination based on their ethnicized North Korean identity in South Korea. The construction of North Korean refugees as dis/abled reflects the dominance of the ideals of South Korean ethnicity and an educational ideology that promotes assimilation for economic growth. We conclude by discussing the impact of normalizing processes of ethnocentrism, racism, and ableism, and the potential future development of multicultural education in South Korea.
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Nam, Boyoung, Jae Yop Kim, and Wonjung Ryu. "Intimate Partner Violence Against Women Among North Korean Refugees: A Comparison With South Koreans." Journal of Interpersonal Violence 35, no. 15-16 (April 28, 2017): 2947–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0886260517699949.
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North Korean refugees in South Korea have been reported as at higher risk of intimate partner violence (IPV). However, few studies have examined risk factors of IPV among North Korean refugees. This study aimed to report the prevalence of IPV against women among North Korean refugees, and compared the risk factors of IPV against women between South Koreans and North Korean refugees in South Korea. Data from a nationwide survey about domestic violence in South Korea were used. The rate of IPV against women by North Korean refugees was 57.1%, which is considerably higher than that of South Koreans (9.9%). The regression analysis indicated that North Korean refugees perpetrated partner violence against women more frequently than South Koreans, even after controlling for socioeconomic factors. Child abuse victimization and witnessing IPV between parents were the main factors of IPV against women among South Koreans. On the other hand, stress and a tolerant attitude toward using violence were significantly associated with IPV against women among North Korean refugees. The findings suggested that stress management and education on reducing tolerance to violence should be provided to prevent IPV against women among North Korean refugees.
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Park, Hee Sun, Hye Eun Lee, Hye Jeong Choi, Dong Wook Lee, Jiyoung Ahn, and Hyunjin Park. "Perceived Similarity and Third-Person Effect: Media Coverage of the Shooting Incident at Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University." Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal 42, no. 4 (May 15, 2014): 539–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2224/sbp.2014.42.4.539.
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We compared the perceptions of Korean Americans, Koreans in the US, and Koreans in Korea, of the media coverage of the fatal shooting of 32 people at Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University in April 2007. This comparison was based on the third-person effect, according to which people perceive media coverage to have a greater influence on others than on themselves. Results showed that perception of individuals in the participant groups was that the media coverage had a greater influence on the Korean public in Korea (comparison group) than on themselves in terms of generating negative feelings about Korean Americans and Americans (object groups). In addition, the more that Korean Americans perceived themselves to be similar to the Korean public in Korea, the more they overestimated the influence of the media on the Korean public in Korea.
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Lee, Hyeon Ju. "Remembering and Forgetting the Korean War in the Republic of Korea." Suomen Antropologi: Journal of the Finnish Anthropological Society 35, no. 2 (March 3, 2023): 48–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.30676/jfas.127468.
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The Korean War had no official ending and has continued in a form of Cold War since 1953, the year the cease-fire agreement was signed, and yet, during the past five decades, it appears to have faded from South Korean memory. Anti-communism became a national ideology in post-war South Korea. For a country that was endeavoring to establish a national identity that differs from communist North Korea, the establishment of an anti-communist state was inevitable. However, the collapse of the Communist Bloc and a humanitarian crisis in North Korea in the 1990s led to attitudinal changes in the South Korean public toward North Korea. The forgetting and remembering of North Korea in conjunction with the memory of the Korean War has left the South Korean people ambivalent toward North Koreans. This paper explores social encounters between North and South Koreans in the late 2000s in Seoul that illustrate the uneasy interactions that stem from past anti-communist education as well as the subsequent erasure of social memory about North Korea as part of Korean culture.
Keywords: history, memory, migration, North Korean refugees
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Kang (姜抮亞), Jin-A. "The Enforcement of Immigration Control in Colonial Korea and the Rise of Nationalism in the Chinese Media." Translocal Chinese: East Asian Perspectives 9, no. 1 (December 21, 2015): 142–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/24522015-00900008.
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This paper investigates how conflicts and tension built up between Chinese migrant workers and Korean residents in colonial Korea (1910-1945). This led up to the enforcement of immigration controls by the Japanese authorities and also to a change of the image of Koreans in the Chinese media. The Japanese government adopted a policy to ban Chinese laborers from mainland Japan. This policy implied also, that, by contrast, the Government General of Korea should accommodate Chinese laborers to some extent, as long as the Chinese government accepted Korean people to inhabit and cultivate Manchuria. However, the competition between Chinese and Korean laborers became stronger and the Korean resentment against Chinese wealth in Korea also deepened the emotional gap between the Koreans and the Chinese as time passed. Along with these factors, the Korean nationalistic judgment, that the Chinese authorities oppressed Korean tenant farmers in Manchuria led to the first widespread anti-Chinese riots in Korea in 1927. Furthermore, the Wanbaoshan Incident in 1931 ignited Koreans’ anti-Chinese sentiment, which resulted in bloody ethnic riots and the killing of over 100 Chinese immigrants in Korea. Subsequently Chinese perceptions changed dramatically from Koreans as oppressed victims of Japanese imperialism to their collaborators. The subsequent Mukden Incident cemented this image decisively. However, the anti-Chinese riot not only was ignited by the nationalistic sentiment agitated over Chinese oppression in Manchuria, but also stemmed from long-lasting ethnic discord in colonial Korea. (This article is in English.)
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You, Chang Il. "Wybrane komponenty współczesnej mentalności koreańskiej związane z grzecznością." Gdańskie Studia Azji Wschodniej 19 (2021): 219–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/23538724gs.20.060.13500.
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Selected components of contemporary Korean mentality related to politeness In the twentieth century, Korea had a violent change in its history. Initially, Korea lost its independence and became a Japanese colony. It regained freedom after the defeat of Japan, but soon, the Korean War broke out. From that time until today, Korea has been divided into two parts: the southern one and the northern one. After the war, South Korea was a country under military dictatorship for a long time. South Korea after the Korean War belonged to one of the poorest countries over the world. In the present time, however, South Korea has become a country that has a great impact on the global economy. This change in history had a huge impact (positively and negatively) on the mentality of Koreans. The aim of my article is to present the economic development of South Korea from a Confucian point of view and to analyze the impact of Korean history in the twentieth century on the mentality of Koreans and its operation in Korean society (work ethos and ethos of science, Korean language, etc.).
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Cho, Seo-Young. "The effect of social identity on integration of social minorities: The case of North Korean refugees in South Korea." International Area Studies Review 25, no. 1 (December 6, 2021): 3–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/22338659211052268.
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This paper investigates the effect of a shared social identity on social behaviors of a marginalized population by focusing on North Korean refugees in South Korea. The findings of a behavioral experiment with North Korean refugees show that the common Korean identity can promote their integration in South Korea, despite considerable differences caused by seven-decade long separation between the two countries. Perceiving ethnic unity shared with South Koreans stimulates North Koreans’ socially desirable behaviors and attitudes such as trust, cooperation, confidence, and life satisfaction in South Korea, as well as their self-confidence about North Korean origin. In addition, the effect of the shared identity is greater for women and better educated persons – the finding that stresses the importance of education and gender-specific policy to accelerate social integration of North Korean refugees.
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McPhail, Sean A. "South Korea's Linguistic Tangle: English vs. Korean vs. Konglish." English Today 34, no. 1 (August 7, 2017): 45–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266078417000244.
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Konglish is a blend of Korean and English found throughout South Korea, and often suffers for lack of prestige amongst Koreans. The primary aim of this article is to determine the reasons behind Konglish's low social status in Korea. I begin my investigation by exploring Korean public space as linguistic space, and examining in what social and cultural capacities Koreans use English, Mandarin, Korean, and Konglish. I then shift in part II to discuss perceptions of Korean and English inside Korea. Having analysed Koreans’ attitudes towards Konglish's parent languages, I discuss in part III why Konglish struggles for social legitimacy, despite its ubiquity. In the course of this investigation it will become clear that Koreans often deride Konglish for its ease of use. Because one absorbs it organically through cultural exposure rather than hours of study and millions of won in tuition fees, Konglish accords none of the prestige that comes with Standard English; meanwhile, Konglish's mixed nature means not only that it cannot benefit from the national pride Koreans associate with ‘pure’ Korean, but also that this pride harms Konglish's reception throughout the country.
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Yang, Chang-Seok. "Lessons of German Unification for Korea." International Bulletin of Mission Research 42, no. 2 (January 29, 2018): 106–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2396939318757166.
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Despite differences between Korea and Germany, German unification provides valuable lessons for Korean unification. Maintaining a dialogue channel between the two Koreas is critical for keeping peace and promoting reconciliation. It is also imperative that South Korean humanitarian work resume in the North. With humanitarian projects, South Korean NGOs can increase contact with ordinary North Korean people. “Change through contact” is a crucial method of demonstrating love for those in North Korea, promoting relationship-building and trust that may facilitate in creating a foundation for rebuilding North Korea and ultimately reuniting the Korean people.
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KIM, TAEWOO. "Actualized Stigma: The historical formation of anti-Americanism in North Korea." Modern Asian Studies 51, no. 3 (April 5, 2017): 543–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026749x15000396.
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AbstractDuring the Open Port period and Japanese colonial period (1876–1945), Koreans generally had a positive image of the United States. This positive view of the United States held by Koreans persisted until after liberation from Japanese colonial rule in 1945. The United States was a ‘liberator’ that saved the Koreans, and was viewed as ‘a cooperator’ with whom Korea was to solve its national task of establishing a new country. However, the concept of ‘American imperialist warmonger’ had begun to be promoted in North Korea from 1948–49. It was a concept advanced by the Soviet Union and the North Korean leadership. The negative image of the United States, which spread throughout North Korea from the early years of the Cold War, was merely a perplexing stigma lacking substantiated grounds. However, the experiences of the Korean War actualized the image of the United States as a ‘warmonger’ in the hearts of the North Korean people. Alleged indiscriminate aerial bombings, mass slaughters, sexual assaults, and arson attacks against Korean civilians became the most important reason for the expansion of intense sentiment. Anti-Americanism began to be systemized and routinized in every aspect of North Korean life after the Korean War.
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Eydam, Tanja. "‘So, he is practically a Korean?’: Power relations and re-articulation of the Korean Self in the TV show Non-Summit." East Asian Journal of Popular Culture 6, no. 2 (August 1, 2020): 257–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/eapc_00029_1.
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Korean national identity is defined by nationalist sentiment and a mono-ethnic self-image. Having turned into a migrant-receiving country, Korea is slowly transforming into a multicultural society. The contemporary popularity of television shows with migrant representation reflects this change. The question arises how migrants get depicted in these popular broadcasting shows and what this portrayal of non-Koreans reveals about re-articulations of the Korean Self. As a response to these questions, a critical discourse analysis of Episodes 1 and 103 of the show Non-Summit (Bijeongsang hoedam 2014‐17) is conducted. Corresponding to Koller’s (2011) combined discourse-historical and socio-cognitive approach, macro-, meso- and micro-level are analysed separately. Overall, Non-Summit reproduces Korean discourse on multiculturalism as ‘happy talk’, as the avoidance of in-depth consideration of inequality, the reproduction of ‘western’ norms and the normativity of Koreanness. This results from predominantly selecting Caucasians and constructing them as ‘para-Koreans’ who can then be readily consumed. These practices enable the Korean Self to position itself as analogous to western, modern norms. This positioning mirrors the influence of ‘nouveau-riche nationalism’ and the Korean ‘will to greatness’. The show further consolidates existing societal norms in Korea (Kang 2017: 14) on four different levels of power relations between Korean producers/writers and migrant population in Korea, non-Korean cast and migrant population in Korea, Korean producers/writers/hosts and non-Korean cast, and Korean viewers and non-Korean cast, and hierarchizes modern and traditional values. Thereby, Non-Summit reproduces the South Korean struggle to reconstruct a homogenous national identity in the face of a rising ethnic diversity within the country.
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Kim, Nan. "Korea on the Brink: Reading the Yŏnp'yŏng Shelling and its Aftermath." Journal of Asian Studies 70, no. 2 (May 2011): 337–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021911811000908.
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By late December 2010, the truculence of brinkmanship between the two Koreas made it easy to forget that more auspicious signs of compromise had come as recently as this past autumn. The resumption of reunions among separated Korean families in late October and early November appeared to signal a modest improvement in inter-Korean cooperation, raising hopes that a program of cross-border family meetings would not only continue, but also expand. Yet, those hopes were dashed only weeks later when a military crisis escalated off the west coast of the Korean peninsula. On November 23 in a contested maritime zone, a South Korean military exercise was challenged by a North Korean artillery unit, which escalated the confrontation by shelling a South Korean island—killing four South Koreans including two civilians. In the artillery exchange that followed between the two sides, five North Korean soldiers were killed. The stark contrast between the pathos of the tearful family reunions and the panic and anger following the shelling of Yŏnp'yŏng Island, illustrated how quickly the inter-Korean situation had deteriorated. During the same month when South Korea hosted world leaders at the G-20 summit in Seoul to discuss the state of the global economy and the risks of a brewing “currency war,” the family reunions and deadly artillery attack served as sobering reminders that the Korean War, never formally ended, still continues.
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Filatov, Sergei B. "The Triumph of Korean Christianity in Russian Federation." Oriental Courier, no. 2 (2024): 171. http://dx.doi.org/10.18254/s268684310031316-5.
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At the end of the 19th century, Protestant churches arose in Korea (the most numerous and influential are Presbyterians and Methodists) and their numbers and influence grew explosively. Protestantism has played an important role in the modernization of South Korea. The mythologeme has been established in the minds of Koreans that they are a chosen people who are destined to convert all mankind to Christ. In 19th century Korean Protestants sent missionaries to many countries, including Russia. In 1909, missionary activity began among the Koreans of Primorye. Despite the resistance of Archbishop Eusebius of Vladivostok and Kamchatka, the missionaries converted a significant number of Koreans living in Primorye to Protestantism. In the 20s and 30s, the Soviet authorities destroyed the Protestant churches of the Far East, and the Koreans were deported to Central Asia in 1937. During the years of Perestroika, tens of thousands of Koreans returned to Primorye, and South Korean missionaries revived Protestant churches among them. Korean churches began to play a prominent role in religious, cultural life and social ministry. Their role in inter-church cooperation is significant. They themselves began to send missionaries to Central Asia. In the post-Perestroika period, Russian Koreans had mutual misunderstandings and conflicts with missionaries from South Korea, because Russian Koreans were strongly assimilated into Russian culture. This ensured their success in missionary work among Russians. The missionaries left Primorye and the churches became completely independent. Now more than 50 % of the parishioners of Korean churches are Russians, and the churches themselves are losing ethnic Korean features.
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Yook, Young-Soo. "Professionalizing and Systematizing Modern Korean Studies by American & British Missionaries and Diplomats, 1900-1940: Focusing on Transactions of the Royal Asiatic Society-Korean Branch." Korea Association of World History and Culture 61 (December 30, 2021): 31–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.32961/jwhc.2021.12.61.31.
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The article aims to reappraise the characteristics and legacy of Royal Asiatic Society Korea Branch(RASKB) and its official Journal, Transactions of the Korea Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society in the historiography of modern Korean studies.
By analysing its membership, interpreting the contents/subject-matters, and examining the new mode of writing strategies of the Transactions published from 1900 to 1940, the author is very convinced that both RASKB and Transactions had played a critical and indispensable role in professionalizing and systematizing the field of Korean studies. The Transactions, a forum dominated by British and American missionaries and diplomats, demonstrates the maturity of modern Korean studies in the first half of the 20th century, thus standing at the apex of “the First Wave of Modern Korean Studies.” Imperial Japanese scholars imitated and appropriated the Western-made First Wave and had established “the First and Half Wave of Modern Korean Studies” for the purpose of legitimizing colonialization of Korea. And “the Second Wave of Modern Korean Studies” during the 1930s, which emphasized the Korean Studies by Koreans and for Koreans, was to a certain degree the extended and reinvented outcome founded on the previous two Waves. The author concludes that modern Korean studies is a hybrid (re)production of multiple nationalities and that transnational perspectives would shed an alternative light to disclose non-nationalist and post-colonial peculiarities of ‘Knowledge/Power’ usually known as ‘the discourse on Korea.’ (Chung-Ang University)
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Jumaniyazova, Feruza I. "THE HISTORY OF THE ORIGIN OF "KONGLISH" AND ITS APPLICATION TO EVERYDAY LIFE." Journal of Social Research in Uzbekistan 02, no. 03 (August 1, 2022): 54–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/supsci-jsru-02-03-09.
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Konglish (Korean 콩글리쉬) is officially a Korean-style English language and it is the English language used by Korean speakers. This term is a combination of the sounds of two words with different meanings, the less common terms are Korlish (1988), Korenglish (1992), Korglish (2000) and Kinglish (2000). Konglish contains words that have come into Korean from English, and many of them are incomprehensible to English speakers. A common example is the Korean term 핸드폰 (hand phone) for the English "mobile phone". Straight English words, wrongly translated words from English into Korean, or fake English words imported from Japanese have been used as the “Konglish” words in Korean. The use of “Konglish” is common in South Korea as a result of American cultural influence, but the language is not familiar to North Koreans. English is also present in the domains of main streets, restaurants, and shopping areas in Seoul and the rest of South Korea, where Koreans use English mainly to sociolinguistically express luxury, youth, sophistication, and modernity.
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Caprio, Mark E. "The Eagle has Landed: Groping for a Korean Role in the Pacific War." Journal of American-East Asian Relations 21, no. 1 (March 12, 2014): 5–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18765610-02101001.
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The first Americans to arrive in Korea following Japan’s surrender at the end of World War II brought with them a quartet of Korean soldiers that U.S. officials had recruited for the Eagle Project, the most ambitious American effort to use Koreans in the Pacific War that punctuated a long wartime effort to enlist Allied diplomatic and military support for overseas Koreans. In response, U.S. officials had insisted that Korean exiles in the United States unify their efforts. This condition referenced squabbles among Korean groups in general, with the most transparent being those between Syngman Rhee and Haan Kilsoo. While Korean combatants on the Asian mainland managed to gain some U.S. support for their cause, recognition of their potential came too late in the war for them to help liberate their country. Ultimately, the United States turned to the Japanese and Japanese-trained Koreans to assist in this occupation. Reviewing the history of both Korean lobbying and U.S. response to it provides the opportunity to ask whether better handling of the Korean issue during World War II could have provided U.S. occupation forces with better circumstances to prepare southern Korea for a swift, and unified, independence.
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Lee, Hye-Kyung. "The Korean Diaspora and its Impact on Korea's Development." Asian and Pacific Migration Journal 14, no. 1-2 (March 2005): 149–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/011719680501400108.
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This paper reviews the history of the Korean diaspora and the emigration of Koreans in different periods and attempts to demonstrate how the Korean diaspora has contributed to the country's development. As of 2003, the overseas Korean population was estimated at 6.1 million distributed in 173 countries. Up until the 1970s, emigration patterns from South Korea corresponded with the country's low level of development. From the 1970s, migration patterns had been more closely associated with development processes. The organized labor export undertaken by Korean labor companies in the 1970s facilitated monetary and trade gains. The contributions of overseas Korean communities and thriving businesses of Korean immigrants to the country's trade, investments and transfer of knowledge and skills provide an alternative view to concerns about brain drain that were much-discussed in the 1960s. Korea's transformation from a labor exporting country to a labor importing one in the late 1980s has had mixed results. On the one hand, it has led to the influx of ethnic Koreans from China, who provide cheap labor. On the other hand, unemployed Koreans, especially highly educated young people, are turning to overseas employment as an option. The Korean diaspora will continue to play important roles in the future development of Korea.
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Kim, Hyein Amber. "Biracial Identity Development: A Case of Black-Korean Biracial Individuals in Korea." International Journal of Multicultural Education 18, no. 3 (October 28, 2016): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.18251/ijme.v18i3.1193.
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This study examines two cases of Black-Korean biracial individuals and 4 Black-Korean biracial public figures who were playing influential roles in South Korea (Yoon Mi-Rae, Hines Ward, Insooni, and Moon Taejong). The purpose of this study was to understand how Black-Korean biracial individuals construct their identities, how they navigate various identity options, and how they understand experiences they have in South Korea that are significant to their identity development. This study raises a number of issues in the Korean context where the ideology of a “pureblood” Korean race still prevails, and biracial Koreans continue to face implications of racism and colorism.
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Melisa, Melisa, Suyanto Suyanto, and Olivia Tanaya. "Korean Wave in Indonesia: Are there any changes in perception and intention to visit Korea?" Innovative Marketing 19, no. 3 (September 12, 2023): 171–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/im.19(3).2023.15.
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South Korea has a good image overseas due to the success of its national branding. With the Korean Wave as their national branding, Koreans introduce their country and culture through Korean entertainment. Indonesia is one of the Asian countries exposed to the Korean Wave, especially Korean dramas. This paper aims to analyze the determinants of changes in perceptions and the desire of Indonesians to visit South Korea as a tourist destination. International strategy theory, international marketing theory, and Korean Wave types are analyzed. The research sample consists of 237 randomly selected Korean Wave fans and non-fans. Data were collected using a questionnaire adapted and modified from previous studies. Respondents received questionnaires on-line via Google Forms. Multiple linear regression analysis was used in this study. The findings show that international strategy and marketing can adequately explain changes in the perception and desire of Indonesians to visit South Korea as a tourist destination. The Korean Wave has a positive and significant effect on changes in public perceptions toward Korea. The significant level of 0.000 <0.05 concludes that the four Korean Wave variables (Korean music, food, dramas, and products)simultaneously have a positive effect on changes in the perception of Indonesians people toward South Korea. However, K-pop and K-food were not found to determine the intention to visit South Korea as a tourist destination.
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Baker, Don. "Koreans in Vancouver: A Short History." Journal of the Canadian Historical Association 19, no. 2 (July 23, 2009): 155–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/037752ar.
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Abstract The Korean-Canadian community in Vancouver is relatively new, compared to older Asian-Canadian communities such as the Chinese-Canadian and the Indo-Canadian communities. However, Koreans now constitute one of the more visible minority communities in the area. A rapid increase in immigration from Korea led to Koreans establishing churches and restaurants throughout the Vancouver area, and identifying those churches with Korean-language signs. The rise in the number of Koreans living in the southwestern corner of the BC mainland has also led to the emergence of a cluster of stores and offices in the middle of Metro Vancouver that is large enough to merit the label "Koreatown." In addition, downtown Vancouver is filled with students who have come from Korea to study English, further heightening awareness of a substantial Korean population in the Vancouver area. In just a few decades, Korean-Canadians have emerged as a significant component of the multi-cultural landscape of British Columbia.
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Shen, Zhihua, and Yafeng Xia. "Chinese–North Korean Relations and China's Policy toward Korean Cross-Border Migration, 1950–1962." Journal of Cold War Studies 16, no. 4 (October 2014): 133–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jcws_a_00518.
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Making use of Chinese Foreign Ministry archives and provincial and municipal archives, this article traces the history of cross-border migration of ethnic Koreans from 1950 to 1962, especially the illegal migration of ethnic Koreans to North Korea (DPRK) in 1961. A historical examination of Koreans in northeast China demonstrates that the Chinese Communist Party attempted to achieve a workable policy toward Korean border crossers as well as a disposition to accommodate the DPRK's concerns and imperatives in defining nationality, handling cases of Sino-Korean marriages and exit procedures for ethnic Koreans, receiving Korean nationals to visit China, and dealing with cases of illegal border crossings. To this end, the Chinese authorities were pursuing larger Cold War interests, specifically the desire to keep the DPRK aligned with China during the Sino-Soviet split.
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Arthur, Philip. "Olympic Winter Games as the Instrument to Encourage the Reconciliation in Korean Peninsula." Indonesian Journal of International Relations 3, no. 2 (May 27, 2020): 65–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.32787/ijir.v3i2.107.
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Sport is an effective diplomacy in achieving National Interest. Sport has some values such as Spirit of universality, respect each other, teamwork, tolerance etc. The war between South Korea North Korea created instability in the region because North Korea keep developing his nuclear weapons. XIII Olympic Winter Games comes up by giving a hope that a peace can be achieved in Korean Peninsula.
This writing will talk about The Sport Diplomacy on how XXIII Olympic Winter Games able to unite two Koreans. The fact that two Koreans were together under Unification Flag send a good narrative to the world. Next, Multi-track Diplomacy in explaining some related tracks in creating peace between two Koreans by providing platform to interact, constructing values of peace and open the possibility to held Korean Summits. XXIII Olympic Winter Games as instrument to encourage the reconciliation in Korean Peninsula.
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Cho, Nam-hyun, and Boyeong Kim. "A study on Korean proficiency and Uzbek students’ adaptation to Korean culture." Korean Association for Literacy 14, no. 3 (June 30, 2023): 33–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.37736/kjlr.2023.06.14.3.02.
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This study explored the adaptation to Korean culture through phenomenological research on the advanced level of Korean among Uzbek students studying at domestic universities. The results of an in-depth interview with three Uzbek students are as follows. First, Uzbek students learned Korean through acquaintances and media even before coming to Korea and showed strength in speaking but difficulty in writing and learning Chinese characters. Second, Uzbek students regularly interacted and formed close relationships with Koreans. Third, Uzbek students had a high understanding of Korean food-related idioms and culture, tried to actively accept Korean-style personnel culture, and above all, enjoyed Korean dramas. However, they were not familiar with the culture of young Koreans who spoke informally and quickly when they became close. Fourth, Uzbek students found it difficult to adapt to food containing pork for religious reasons, and they felt awkward because the Korean language learned in their hometown or through the media was radically different from that used by young Koreans. They also had difficulties dealing with school administration and adapting to portal sites, and they faced substantial difficulties getting a part-time job.
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Malgazhdarova, A. M. "Политика Республики Корея в отношении «зарубежных соотечественников» (на примере Корё Сарам)." BULLETIN of the L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University.Political Science. Regional Studies. Oriental Studies. Turkology Series. 138, no. 1 (2022): 176–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.32523/2616-6887/2022-138-1-176-188.
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South Korea has been actively engaging with «overseas Koreans» since the 1990s. Diaspora policy is part of the country’s foreign policy and is managed by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, which has a coordinating committee, and the Overseas Koreans Foundation, which implements the policy. Relations with the Korean diaspora are regulated by the «Overseas Koreans Act» and the «Overseas Koreans Foundation Act».They define the policy’s purpose and the legal status of overseas Korean. It is defined by the concept of «overseas Korean - chaeoedongp’o» which includes South Koreans living abroad as well as the Korean diaspora. This article examines the diaspora policy of the Republic of Korea towards the Koryo Saram - Koreans of the CIS countries. The focus is on their legal status. An analysis of the legal framework shows that, until 2004, the Koryo Saram, like Koreans living in China, were not legally recognized as overseas Koreans. The situation changed in 2004 when the definition of overseas Koreans was modified. South Korea’s diaspora policy towards CIS Koreans is being developed through the Koryo Saram Support Programme. Subsequently, in 2010, the Koryo Saram Act was passed, and in 2019 another change in the regulations takes place, according to which all generations of Koryo Saram descendants begin to be considered foreign Koreans, not just up to the 3rd generation as previously claimed.
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Hyun, Jaehwan. "Racializing Chōsenjin: Science and Biological Speculations in Colonial Korea." East Asian Science, Technology and Society 13, no. 4 (October 11, 2019): 489–510. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/18752160-8005053.
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Abstract Recent literature on the history of medicine in colonial Korea has revealed that Japanese medical scientists studied Korean bodies to expose racial differences between the Japanese and Koreans and justify Japanese colonial rule. Previous scholars, however, have focused mainly on finding a connection between colonial medical research and eugenics. This article attempts to consider things as yet underinvestigated, in particular, the way in which medical research on Koreans emerged and was intertwined with Japanese colonialism in other ways, separate from contemporary eugenics projects. The article examines the emergence and development of what we now considered as “racial sciences”—physical anthropology, serological anthropology, and human genetics—with regard to the biological characteristics of Koreans. In doing so, it argues that biological speculations on Koreans originated as a subdiscipline of Japanese origin studies and resonated with a newly emerging type of colonial racism in colonial Korea—inclusionary racism. The article also presents the colonial scientific enterprise’s conclusion that Koreans were biologically heterogeneous, contradicting colonial Korean intellectuals’ assertion about Korean ethnic homogeneity. The use of Korean ethnic homogeneity as an ideological basis for nation building by two Korean governments meant that postcolonial Korean scientists had to seek a way to reconcile the colonial era’s “scientific conclusion” (biological heterogeneity) with the postcolonial era’s “politically approved” conceptualization (biological homogeneity). Therefore, regardless of whether it was trying to refute, appropriate, or revitalize the colonial legacy, biological research on Koreans in the postcolonial period was carried out under the framework that had been constructed by colonial racial sciences.
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Woo, Seungho, Hwan Son, and Karam Lee. "Zainichi Koreans Invited to Home Base: Building Ethnic Identity and Its Impact on the Development of Korean Baseball (1956–70)." Sport History Review 51, no. 2 (November 1, 2020): 186–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/shr.2019-0037.
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Zainichi Koreans are a unique political product of the Korean Peninsula. They were taken to Japan under the Japanese occupation (1910–45) of Korea and stayed there without becoming naturalized Japanese citizens. Baseball was a mechanism for the children of Zainichi Koreans, who were oppressed on Japanese soil, to overcome the discrimination they were experiencing in their daily lives and assimilate into Japanese society. From 1956 to 1970, South Korean newspapers invited Zainichi Korean children playing baseball to their home country for regular national baseball exchanges. This event provided nourishment for the growth of Korean baseball and served as the only cultural bridge for Zainichi Korean children to experience and understand their motherland, which they had previously only imagined.
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MURÁNYI, DÁVID, and JEONG MI HWANG. "Four new species and further contributions to the Leuctridae (Plecoptera) of the Korean Peninsula." Zootaxa 4282, no. 1 (June 23, 2017): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4282.1.2.
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Two new species of Korean needleflies, Perlomyia koreana sp. n. and P. lamellata sp. n. are described from North and South Korea. Additionally, two species, Paraleuctra paramalaisei sp. n. and Perlomyia baei sp. n. are described from South Korea. The previously unknown male of Perlomyia martynovi (Zhiltzova, 1975) is described from South Korean specimens associated with females. Leuctra fusca tergostyla Wu, 1973 comb. n. is proposed for the Far Eastern populations of the Eurosiberian L. fusca (Linnaeus, 1758). Three Leuctridae genera and species are reported from North Korea for the first time and three species are new country records for South Korea. The number of stonefly species known from the Korean Peninsula is increased to 82. A key is presented for the Leuctridae species known from Korean Peninsula including taxa that are expected to occur. Distributional maps are presented and additional notes on the habitats of Korean Leuctridae are given.
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Wolman, Andrew. "North Korean Asylum Seekers in the West: Is Dual Nationality Dispositive?" Indiana International & Comparative Law Review 32, no. 3 (September 19, 2022): 403–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.18060/26524.
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Since at least 2013, Western courts judging refugee cases have accepted that North Koreans are, with rare exceptions, considered to be South Korean nationals under South Korean law. This Article explores the implications of this holding. Given this dual nationality, are North Koreans necessarily refused refugee status because they can be protected in South Korea? Or are there still routes to refugeestatus that may be available? This Article finds that North Koreans continue to have potential paths forward in their search for refugee status in the West. There are, broadly speaking, four different types of protection arguments evident in the jurisprudence from major host states. These are: (1) that an asylum seeker possesses a well-founded fear of persecution in South Korea as well as NorthKorea; (2) that South Korean nationality does not provide a right to enter the country, and should therefore be disregarded; (3) that South Korean nationality should not be recognized because it is not bestowed in a manner consistent with international norms; and (4) that an individual asylum seeker falls into an exceptional category whereby he or she lacks South Korean nationality. Each ofthese arguments has proved successful in certain cases, at least provisionally.
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LEE, SEUNG-GYU, and KEE-JEONG AHN. "Korean species of the genus Amischa Thomson (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae), with a description of new species." Zootaxa 5230, no. 4 (January 24, 2023): 478–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5230.4.5.
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A taxonomic study of the genus Amischa Thomson of Korea is presented. The genus is represented in Korea by three species, including A. koreana Lee & Ahn, sp. nov. Amischa analis (Gravenhorst) is reported for the first time in the Korean peninsula. A key to Korean species, descriptions, habitus photographs, and illustrations of the diagnostic characters are provided.
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"The Experiences of Korea of Korean Chinese People and Their Multiple Identities: With the methods of questionnaire surveys and in-depth interviews of female Korean Chinese people in their 30s and 40s." Society for Chinese Humanities in Korea 74 (April 30, 2020): 465–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.35955/jch.2020.04.465.
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This study has examined the correlation between their experience in Korea and ethnic and national identity through the surveys and in-depth interviews with female Korean-Chinese People in their 30s and 40s. The survey has conducted on 96 subjects examining their language recognition, cultural awareness, historical awareness, sense of belonging, and experience of discrimination, and conducted interview with 9 of the selected respondents who gave meaningful responses. Surveys and interviews revealed that most of the respondents showed a strong sense of belongings to China as Chinese nationals. At the same time, as overseas Koreans who collectively share the language and daily culture of Korea, it was found that they felt a considerable sense of homogeneity with the Korean people. However, the perception of history, which should be underlying national identity and ethnic identity, were shown to be weaker in younger demographics. The national identity and ethnic identity of the Korean-Chinese people are shown to become more multiple through the experience in Korea. According to the survey, Korean Chinese People who became naturalized in Korea due to marriage and other reasons tend to perceive themselves as “Korean” or “Chinese half, Korean half.” There are also cases where people who want to be recognized as “Chinese” or “Korean-Chinse” to Chinese people, and as ”Korean” to Korean People. As such, Korean Chinese People change their identity more diversely through Korean experiences. On the other hand, the negative experience in Korea results in strengthening their original national identity. People who experienced discrimination in Korea felt inferior, and people who immagrated for marriege were forced to understand and adopt to Korean culture. In their daily lives. In order to improve their experience in Korea to be more positive, tit seems that Korean society not only needs to develop sense of respect and understanding to the culture and identity of Korean-Chinese people, but also legal mechanisms to prevent discrimination against Korean-Chinese people.
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Zimenko, T. V. "The Concept of Taste in South Korea: Historical, Aesthetical and Philosophical Aspects." Concept: philosophy, religion, culture 4, no. 4 (December 29, 2020): 83–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/2541-8831-2020-4-16-83-101.
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The focus of this paper is on the Korean aesthetic model of taste. In order to investigate the origins of aesthetics in Korea and its current place in Koreans’ lives, it analyzes the key concepts of the Korean aesthetics and spiritual aspects of life for Koreans. In a way to exemplify this cultural system, traditional Korean food is presented as a conceptual representation of the aesthetic experience. Its role in integrating different aspects of meanings and values in everyday lives of Koreans is also discussed. The research subject is studied through the complex lenses: its association with both the gastronomic taste, which comprises organoleptic perception and aesthetic judgements, and the semiotic aspect of culture, represented by basic units thereof – words. The optics of the interdisciplinary outlook of this method suggests a new approach to viewing Korean aesthetic of taste. The research shows that scientific approach to aesthetics was first adopted in Korea in the 1930s under the cospicuous cultural influence of the Japanese colonial rule; the ideas formed at that time still remain important aesthetic concepts. The study proposes that meot should be viewed as the most important and representative concept in Koreans’ everyday aesthetic experience. The cultural and historical analysis of Korean gastronomic culture suggests there is a number of specific cultural and cosmogonic meanings that were typical of the royal cuisine during the Joseon era and demonstrates how certain Korean dishes are endowed with aesthetic and existential values today.
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Zimenko, T. V. "The Concept of Taste in South Korea: Historical, Aesthetical and Philosophical Aspects." Concept: philosophy, religion, culture 4, no. 4 (December 29, 2020): 83–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/2541-8831-2020-4-16-83-101.
Full textAbstract:
The focus of this paper is on the Korean aesthetic model of taste. In order to investigate the origins of aesthetics in Korea and its current place in Koreans’ lives, it analyzes the key concepts of the Korean aesthetics and spiritual aspects of life for Koreans. In a way to exemplify this cultural system, traditional Korean food is presented as a conceptual representation of the aesthetic experience. Its role in integrating different aspects of meanings and values in everyday lives of Koreans is also discussed. The research subject is studied through the complex lenses: its association with both the gastronomic taste, which comprises organoleptic perception and aesthetic judgements, and the semiotic aspect of culture, represented by basic units thereof – words. The optics of the interdisciplinary outlook of this method suggests a new approach to viewing Korean aesthetic of taste. The research shows that scientific approach to aesthetics was first adopted in Korea in the 1930s under the cospicuous cultural influence of the Japanese colonial rule; the ideas formed at that time still remain important aesthetic concepts. The study proposes that meot should be viewed as the most important and representative concept in Koreans’ everyday aesthetic experience. The cultural and historical analysis of Korean gastronomic culture suggests there is a number of specific cultural and cosmogonic meanings that were typical of the royal cuisine during the Joseon era and demonstrates how certain Korean dishes are endowed with aesthetic and existential values today.
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Rice, Chris. "Contested South Korean Identities of Reunification and Christian Paradigms of Reconciliation." International Bulletin of Mission Research 42, no. 2 (January 31, 2018): 133–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2396939318757156.
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South Koreans, including church members, remain deeply divided about the pathway to any future reunification with North Korea. One form of division lies in the contested South Korean identities regarding North Korea and their implications for national identity, policy, and how South Koreans must change for a peaceful future with the North to become possible. This article identifies four prevailing South Korean identities regarding North Korea and reunification: Enemy Nation, Another Country, Disadvantaged Sibling, and Ruptured Family. We then consider five paradigms from the Christian tradition as responses to the contested identities via the biblical priority for peace and reconciliation.
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Park, Hee Sun, Ji Youn Ryu, and Yoo Jung Oh. "Comparisons of Koreans, Korean Americans, and White Americans regarding deceased organ donation." Journal of Health Psychology 25, no. 13-14 (August 18, 2018): 2286–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1359105318793710.
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This study examined social responsibility and individual right perception as factors related to intention to register and to intention to avoid registering in an organ donor registry among Koreans in South Korea, Korean Americans, and White Americans in the United States. Findings showed that compared to Korean and Korean Americans, White Americans considered social responsibility to a larger extent in forming intention to avoid registering in an organ donor registry. On the contrary, the relationship between individual right and intention to avoid registering did not statistically differ among Koreans, Korean Americans, and White Americans. Other findings and implications thereof are discussed in more detail.
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Yoon, Hong-key. "In Search of the Origin of Ch’ŏnhado, a Traditional Korean Map of the World." Association of Korean Cultural and Historical Geographers 34, no. 3 (December 31, 2022): 160–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.29349/jchg.2022.34.3.160.
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Ch’ŏnhado is a unique traditional Korean world map which reflects the Korean geomentality of the world. Some researchers postulated that this map was developed after the introduction of European maps of the world to Korea and concluded that Korean world maps were therefore influenced by these European maps. However, this research has found that ch’ŏnhado was independently developed by Koreans and does not reflect any influences from European maps of the world. Ch’ŏnhado is a folk-geographic map reflecting Koreans’ understanding of the world during the premodern period.
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Kung, A., K. G. Hastings, K. I. Kapphahn, E. J. Wang, M. R. Cullen, S. L. Ivey, L. P. Palaniappan, and S. Chung. "Cross-national comparisons of increasing suicidal mortality rates for Koreans in the Republic of Korea and Korean Americans in the USA, 2003–2012." Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences 27, no. 1 (November 10, 2016): 62–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2045796016000792.
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Aims.Korea has the highest suicide rate of developed countries, two times higher than the USA. Suicide trends among Koreans Americans living in the USA during the same period have not yet been described. We report suicide mortality rates and trends for four groups: (1) Korean Americans, (2) non-Hispanic White (NHW) Americans, (3) selected Asian American subgroups and (4) Koreans living in the Republic of Korea.Methods.We used US national (n = 18 113 585) and World Health Organization (WHO) (n = 232 919 253) mortality records for Korea from 2003 to 2012 to calculate suicide rates, all expressed per 100 000 persons. We assessed temporal trends and differences in age, gender and race/ethnicity using binomial regression.Results.Suicide rates are highest in Koreans living in the Republic of Korea (32.4 for men and 14.8 for women). Suicide rates in Korean Americans (13.9 for men and 6.5 for women) have nearly doubled from 2003 to 2012 and exceed rates for all other Asian American subgroups (5.4–10.7 for men and 1.6–4.2 for women). Suicide rates among NHWs (21.0 for men and 5.6 for women) remain high. Among elders, suicide in Korean Americans (32.9 for men and 15.4 for women) is the highest of all examined racial/ethnic groups in the USA.Conclusions.Suicide in Korean Americans is higher than for other Asian Americans and follows temporal patterns more similar to Korea than the USA. Interventions to prevent suicide in Korean American populations, particularly among the elderly, are needed.
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Kang, Kyoung-Lae. "Talking Hospitality and Televising Ethno-national Boundaries in Contemporary Korea: Considering Korean TV Shows Featuring Foreigners." Television & New Media 19, no. 1 (March 20, 2017): 59–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1527476417697196.
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This essay examines Korean television shows that feature foreigners encountering Korean society. A recent example, Non Summit, presents a series of formal “summits,” borrowing the format of an international strategic meeting. The show enables Koreans to consider issues involving cultural differences, racial discrimination, and national hospitality, particularly related to immigrants. Indeed, Korean TV shows that focus on foreigners living in Korea are increasingly popular, which surely reflects changes in the Korean racial imagination along with the increased number of immigrants entering Korea in recent years. Nevertheless, despite their stated purpose of encouraging Korea to be a more harmonious multicultural society, programs like Non Summit seem to reproduce racialized colonialism in the context of contemporary global capitalism, particularly through their selections of participants and their efforts to paper over revealed cultural tensions.
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Brazinsky, Gregg A. "Remembering Ŏmŏni: Using Chinese Memoirs to Understand Sino-North Korean Interactions during the Korean War." Journal of Korean Studies 26, no. 2 (October 1, 2021): 251–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/07311613-9155180.
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Abstract This article assesses the memoirs of Chinese volunteers as a source for better understanding social interactions between the Chinese and North Koreans during the Korean War. The hundreds of thousands of Chinese soldiers serving in Korea were an almost ubiquitous presence in wartime North Korea. Yet the relationship between the volunteers and North Korean civilians has not been the subject of many studies. Memoirs written by the volunteers are one of the few sources that document these interactions. Among the subjects the volunteers wrote about, their encounters with older North Koreans whom they called “mothers” or ŏmŏni were among the most prominent. While acknowledging the propagandistic intent behind some of these memoirs, the article argues that they do shed light on some of the emotional norms that shaped relations between North Korean women and the volunteers even if they cannot always be treated as completely reliable descriptions of events.
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Han, Seung-Mi. "Coethnic, Multicultural, or Cosmopolitan? Cultural Citizenship, Enfranchisement, and the Contested Category of Korean-Chinese in Globalizing South Korea." Journal of Korean Studies 28, no. 1 (March 1, 2023): 163–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/07311613-10213234.
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Abstract This article deals with the Korean-Chinese politics of recognition in contemporary South Korea. Unlike North Korean settlers who are “technically” embraced from the outset as coethnics, the Korean-Chinese are located in the interstices of the Act on the Employment of Foreign Workers, the Overseas Koreans Act, and the Multicultural Families Support Act. By analyzing how the Korean-Chinese politics of belonging is mediated by competing models of nationalism, multiculturalism, and political participation that Korean-Chinese bring with them from the People’s Republic of China and encounter anew in South Korea, the article puts into relief the various choices available to these migrants and their emotionally-charged disagreements over how to define themselves culturally and politically. Juxtaposing Korean-style multicultural policy with a curiously muted cultural distinctiveness in the Korean-Chinese politics of recognition, the article argues for the importance of cherishing cultural diversity in the public sphere, even for the coethnic politics of belonging.
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Cho, Eun Ah. "Familiar Strangers: North Koreans as “Dangerous Refugees” and the Crisis of Korean Chinese Community in Zhang Lu's Dooman River (2010)." positions: asia critique 30, no. 4 (November 1, 2022): 815–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/10679847-9967370.
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Abstract This article examines the humanistic relationship between Korean Chinese and North Korean refugees on the Sino–North Korean border in Zhang Lu's film Dooman River (2010) and delineates how the ethical obligation to “our” people, or brethren (dongpo), is removed by understanding North Koreans as potential criminals. The first part conceptualizes Korean Chinese villagers’ ethical obligation toward North Koreans, which I call ethnic ethos, and focuses on how the director preserves the Korean Chinese's conscience by stereotyping North Korean border crossers as “dangerous refugees.” The second part focuses on the meaning of ethnic identity that the director pursues, offering insights into the crisis of community in the context of urbanization and globalization, or the “Korean dream.” The two types of border crossing—the crossing of North Koreans to China and the crossing of Korean Chinese to South Korea—offer clues to the causes of the crisis of community, in which collective ethics and responsibility to others have been eroded. This article answers questions about the death of a Korean Chinese boy, who voluntarily becomes a stranger by entering into the zone of “nonlife” or refugees. I argue that the boy's death is a sacrifice suggested to audiences by the director in an attempt to preserve the communitarian ethics of Korean Chinese and maintain the value of ethnic identity.
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Burdin, E. S. "Registration of the Legal Status of Korean Migrants in Russia in the 80s 19th Century." Bulletin of Irkutsk State University. Series History 38 (2021): 95–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.26516/2222-9124.2021.38.95.
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After the start of Korean migration to Russia in 1864, the Russian authorities began to make attempts to formalize the legal status of the arrived migrants in order to protect them from persecution by the Korean government and its patron China. Areas of compact residence of Korean immigrants were separated into a separate administrative-territorial unit – Suifun District, where the post of “head of Koreans” was established. Separate elements of local self-government were introduced in the Korean settlements. After the establishment of official diplomatic relations with Korea in 1884, the problem of the legal status of Korean migrants in Russia became one of the important topics on the agenda of Russian-Korean negotiations. Due to its decision, Petersburg wanted to stop the uncontrolled transfer of the population from Korea to the Russian Far East and prevent the unauthorized seizure of state lands by Korean settlers. In 1888, the Russian authorities managed to partially resolve the issue of citizenship of the Korean settlers who settled in Russia. From now on, measures to formalize their legal status were carried out on the basis of the norms of the Russian-Korean convention on border relations of 1888, as well as an oral (gentleman's) agreement between K.I. Weber and Kim Yun Sik. An agreement was reached that the Koreans who settled in Russia before the establishment of Russian-Korean diplomatic relations were recognized as equal with Russian subjects. Migrants who settled in the region after the conclusion of this agreement were to liquidate their farms and return to their homeland. The issue of the status of Korean immigrants was finally settled only in 1900. Russian citizenship was granted to all migrants, including those who resettled after 1884. The author comes to the conclusion that the Far Eastern authorities initially perceived the Korean settlers who settled in the South Ussuriysk Territory as subjects of Russia, but could not provide them with all the benefits in accordance with Russian law, since such a step could cause protests from Korea and China.
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Matray, James I. "Irreconcilable Differences? Realism and Idealism in Cold War Korean-American Relations." Journal of American-East Asian Relations 19, no. 1 (2012): 1–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187656112x639735.
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Anti-Americanism never should have emerged as a major force in South Korea. After all, Washington was responsible for the creation of the Republic of Korea in August 1948 and provided major support against North Korea during and after the Korean War. After 9/11, however, American failure to balance means and ends in the pursuit of realistic goals caused anti-Americanism to reach a crescendo because it revived with a new ferocity at least four historical factors: (1) American disregard for Korea and Korean incomprehension of American priorities; (2) American support for Korean military dictatorship; (3) United States military presence in Korea and refusal to deal with incidents of military misconduct in ways that appeared just to Koreans; and (4) American racism. Koreans, however, also do not understand that their nation is not the center of American priorities and expect more from the relationship than Americans are likely to provide. This article traces the development of these factors through the postwar period and the impact of Bush administration unilateralism.
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Jang, Hyun-Ah. "Korean Laborers in Japan before Japan’s Annexation of Korea." Korean Association For Japanese History 61 (August 31, 2023): 121–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.24939/kjh.2023.8.61.121.
Full textAbstract:
In 1876, Joseon(조선) opened the port by signing the Japan-Korea Treaty with Japan. This opened the door of Joseon, which had been tightly closed since its founding. But it was about foreign countries and not domestic. This is because the Joseon government was regulating its citizens' overseas entry as before.
However, as changes occurred after the opening of the port, Koreans began to appear in violation of the Joseon government's policy and moving to Japan in search of jobs. This was possible due to the operation of the liner and the activities of recruiter. However, as a result of Koreans moving to Japan outside the surveillance of the Joseon government, the “people in destitution” occurred. A representative example was the Korean miner of the Joja Coal Mine(長者炭鑛·조자탄광). The Korean miner of the Joja Coal Mine was an illegal departure, and this was already a problem in it from the time of departure from Joseon. Therefore, the reason why the employment of Korean miners in Joja Coal Mine was stopped was not only because of the recession in the coal industry, but also because they were illegal immigrants.
As a result of Japan's expansion of its influence on Joseon through the Sino-Japanese War, the employment of Korean laborers in Japan increased than before. The reason is that the recruiter's activities have become easier than before. As a result, after the annexation of Korea and Japan, the Japanese Government-General of Korea managed recruiters to manage the arrival of Koreans to Japan. This was influenced by the experience of hiring Korean laborers before the annexation of Korea and Japan.
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Svintsova, I. Y., and Yi Eunkyung. "Russian Studies in Contemporary Korea." Concept: philosophy, religion, culture 8, no. 1 (March 30, 2024): 167–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/2541-8831-2024-1-29-167-172.
Full textAbstract:
The Russian Language Department of Hankuk University of Foreign Studies (HUFS) —one of the leading universities of the Republic of Korea— was founded in the same year with the University and is about to celebrate its 70th anniversary. Today the University and the Russian Language Department are the main popularizers of the Russian language, literature, culture and Russian regional studies in South Korea. There are several associations: KASEUS — Korean Association of Slavic-Eurasian Studies; Russian Language and Literature Association (based on the HUFS — Hankuk University of Foreign Studies); KAR — Korean Association of Russian Studies (based on the Korean University); KASL — Korean Association of Slavic Languages (based on the Korean University); KATPR — Korean Association of Teachers and Teaching Staff of the Russian Language (whose members are university professors and school teachers); and KRA — Korea-Russia Association. The Korean-Russian Society of Art and Culture KORACS was established in 2013 to organize cultural exchange between Korea and Russia. The associations organize and conduct scientific conferences, symposiums, forums, and some publish their own journals. In South Korea, there are exchange programs for undergraduate and graduate students of Russian and Korean universities, and Russian professors are invited here to give lectures. Every spring the Hankuk University of Foreign Studies holds a Russian language Olympiad for students of Korean universities. This competition is of great interest to Korean students and is an incentive for deeper study of the Russian language. The Russian language and culture are represented and preserved here: there are Russian professors, school teachers, Russian-speaking Koreans and citizens of other countries. Therefore, despite the difficulties associated with changes in the socio-political situation, Russian studies in South Korea continue to develop. Interest in the Russian language, literature and culture does not wane since people always need to learn something new and wonderful and this is how Russian culture is characterized.
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Gauthier, Brandon K. "A Tortured Relic." Journal of American-East Asian Relations 22, no. 4 (November 26, 2015): 343–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18765610-02204002.
Full textAbstract:
Drawing on national and local news stories, newly declassified documents, u.s. prisoner of war (pow) memoirs, and popular films, this article argues that the legacy of the Korean War in the United States from 1953 to 1962 dramatically shaped how Americans imagined the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea (dprk). It specifically examines how media portrayals of North Korean atrocities, the alleged misconduct of u.s. captives, and the relationship between the People’s Republic of China and the dprk affected public perceptions of “North Korea” as a subjective construct. The painful legacy of the Korean War, particularly the experience of u.s.pows, encouraged Americans to think of North Korea as an inherently violent foe and as part of a broader “Oriental Communist” enemy in the Cold War. When the experiences of u.s. soldiers contradicted these narratives, media sources often made distinctions between “North Koreans,” a repugnant racial and ideological “other,” and “north Koreans,” potential u.s. friends and allies.