Journal articles on the topic 'Korean self-employed business people'
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Oh, Soojin, Youjin Han, Ken Nah, and Keunhee Kwon. "Development Direction Research Of Korean Lifestyle Brands Through Analysis For Global Lifestyle Brands - Focused On The Trend Analysis." International Business & Economics Research Journal (IBER) 15, no. 2 (February 24, 2016): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/iber.v15i2.9608.
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As global lifestyle brands are recognized by consumers worldwide, their business are winning a great success. Now that in Korea too, a large-family culture in which members are accustomed to concession and self-sacrifice is changing to a lifestyle of single households, people care a lot about their own properties, privacy, and personalities. As a result, many original cultures reflect that individuals ‟lifestyles” are emerging. This study suggests development directions for Korean lifestyle brands to grow in line with such social trends and to compete with global lifestyle brands. Based on the survey of Koreans “major lifestyle trends, concepts and products that would represent Koreans” emotions and attract domestic consumers are examined and suggested in this study.
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Lee, Ju-lak, Seok Lee, and Jinsung Kim. "The State of Security Law Violations by the Private Security Businesses in Seoul and Countermeasures." Journal of Public Administration and Governance 4, no. 3 (August 5, 2014): 159. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/jpag.v4i3.6155.
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The private security industry in South Korea has grown rapidly since the cessation of the Korean War in 1953. The main duty of the private security officers in their beginning era was to simply protect the supplies of the U.S. military stationed in the country, but the number of people employed in the business has outgrown the number of police officers since 2001.Despite the quantitative development of the private security industry, the quality of the services provided by the businesses has not advanced sufficiently except for a few number of specialized areas because of the perception that the police should be in charge of the overall security of society in addition to the low crime rate in the country and the lack of safety awareness by citizens. This has also resulted in an overflow of under-qualified businesses. Moreover, the lack of sense of duty among the employees of private security has resulted in violations of the existing laws and regulations, which has hindered further development of the industry. In this study, the current state of the private security companies registered at the Seoul Metropolitan Police Agency is examined in addition to the details of the Private Security Act and its breaches by the security businesses in Seoul area during 2013. With a basis on the findings, the causes for the violations are assessed and prevention measures are suggested.
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Krisnatalia, Heni. "MARKETING MIX 7P DIBALIK SUKSESI KREATIF BISNIS KULINER BERTEMA ETNIK SEOUL PALACE SEMARANG (7P-Marketing Mix Behind The Creative Succession of Culinary Business with Ethnic Theme in Seoul Palace Semarang)." ETNOREFLIKA: Jurnal Sosial dan Budaya 10, no. 1 (March 1, 2021): 76–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.33772/etnoreflika.v10i1.1068.
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This study aims to determine the effect of 7P-Marketing Mix Elements (Product, Price, Place, Promotion, People, Process, and Physical Evidence) on the "Seoul Palace" Semarang Restaurant to identify the concept of an ethnic-themed restaurant and to analyze it based on a study using a qualitative descriptive approach , carried out through observation, interview with restaurant managers, and documentation. Based on the research carried out on the concept of an ethnic-themed restaurant, it can be stated that there are 3 basic aspects supporting the restaurant's existence, including an atmosphere that is characterized by ethnicity, especially Korea in accordance with the theme it carries as an attraction to its visitors. The quality of the product is maintained with a variety of selected imported ingredients to produce the taste of ethnic dishes. Guidelines “first-come, first-served visitors always” puts first-arriving visitors first. Meanwhile, the results of the 7P marketing mix of products, in terms of product itself, its quality, brand, packaging, label, and type of product have been fully fulfilled, pricing is measured by the cost of competing products through cost-based pricing, with a variety of payment systems offered from the cost of competing products, strategic choice of place and supported by word of mouth promotion, publicity, to sales promotion with human resources (people) understanding the menu and cooking procedures for Korean food. The process (the process) offers open kitchen facilities and self-service cooking which is a series of physical evidence replete with supporting factors.
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Park, Kwang-Hi, Hyunlye Kim, and Suin Park. "Leisure Factors Predicting the Happiness of Self-Employed Workers in South Korea." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 18 (September 18, 2021): 9852. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18189852.
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South Korea’s employment status is characterized by a high rate of self-employment and many small-scale self-employed businesses with no employees. This study explored leisure factors relating to self-employed individuals’ subjective happiness based on data from the 2019 National Leisure Activity Survey. The extracted data (N = 2343) were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson’s correlation coefficient, Kendall’s τb coefficient, Eta correlation coefficient, phi coefficient, and Cramer’s V. And a three-step hierarchical regression analysis was performed to identify multidimensional variables that predict happiness more effectively. In Model 3, which additionally inserted positive and intrinsic factors into Model 2, the explanatory power was significantly increased. The predictors of subjective happiness among self-employed people identified in the final regression model were high economic status (β = 0.05), perceived health status (β = 0.32), financial constraints (β = −0.09), leisure recognition (β = 0.20), and work–life balance (leisure-oriented β = 0.09; work-oriented β = −0.13). This study’s findings will contribute to the establishment of basic data, to prepare empirical measures to improve self-employed individuals’ quality of life.
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Eib, Constanze, and Steffi Siegert. "Is Female Entrepreneurship Only Empowering for Single Women? Evidence from France and Germany." Social Sciences 8, no. 4 (April 23, 2019): 128. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/socsci8040128.
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Entrepreneurship has been suggested as an alternative career model for women to gain economic empowerment while maintaining caring obligations. In this study, we investigate how gender and living situation affect entrepreneurs’ engagement in their business, home, well-being and business success in both France and Germany. Data from the European Social Survey were used, which included 470 French and 622 German self-employed people. For the French, women reported more working hours when living alone but there were no gender differences for the other living situations. For the Germans, there were no gender differences when the self-employed person lived alone; for the other living situations, men reported more working hours. Women reported working more household hours than men in both countries. There were no gender differences in life satisfaction for German self-employed people regardless of living situation; for the French, gender differences varied by living situation. Men reported more business success than women in both countries. Results suggest that self-employed people in Germany follow a traditional breadwinner model, whereas in France, self-employed women do more paid and unpaid work at the same time. In sum, entrepreneurship may only be empowering for self-employed women living alone.
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Kulikova, Elena Sergeevna, Maya Ivanovna Lvova, and Olga Anatolyevna Rykalina. "New tax system for self-employed persons." JOURNAL OF SOCIAL SCIENCE RESEARCH 14 (February 28, 2019): 3073–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.24297/jssr.v14i0.8155.
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This article focuses on the problem of identification, determination and management the results of the activities of self-employed citizens. People become self-employed either intentionally because they leave work and improve the welfare on their own or because of the lack of money, low wages, and constant price increase. This is just a little list of reasons why people are seeking secondary earnings. The decision to legalize self-employment and on income tax registration of them had become necessary because the government of the Russian Federation intended to include self-employment in the legitimate economic system and increase confidence in tax audit and in question about source of income which is not subject to tax. ‘Self-employed person’ is not too far removed from ‘entrepreneur’, according to foreign study. That is why there is not a clear separation between these words. However, entrepreneur is most often considered as a person who desires to develop own business and has to invest a lot in the early stages. ‘Self-employed’ is a person who plans to work independently without recruitment and any transactions not only in the early stages but thereafter. There is a well-argued conclusion that innovation of the Russian Ministry of Finance is aimed at primarily increase in fees. It remains to be seen if this novation will improve the situation for self-employed persons.
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Tammelin, Mia. "The solo self-employed person and intrinsic financial security: does the promotion of self-employment institutionalise dualisation?" Journal of Poverty and Social Justice 27, no. 2 (June 1, 2019): 219–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/175982719x15535215192741.
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Self-employment has been promoted as a path to gainful employment in Finland and elsewhere. But recently there has been increasing concern in Finland about the position of those who are self-employed, particularly the solo self-employed, who are often insecure, especially in terms of their financial situation. This study discusses the dualisation of labour markets and the intrinsic dimension of financial security among those who are solo self-employed. Using survey data on solo self-employment in Finland, the study finds that financial insecurity is particularly experienced by solo self-employed people who start a business because of a lack of other employment opportunities.
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Dana, Leo Paul, and Teresa E. Dana. "How do self-employed Sami people perceive the impact of the EU and globalisation?" International Journal of Business and Globalisation 1, no. 1 (2007): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijbg.2007.013716.
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Sharma, Puspa Raj, and Yub Raj Bohara. "Personal Finance Knowlegde and Practice: An Opinion Survey with Employed and Self-employed People in Pokhara." Journal of Nepalese Business Studies 7, no. 1 (July 9, 2012): 80–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jnbs.v7i1.6410.
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The ability to manage personal finances has become increasingly important in today's world. People must plan for long - term investments for their retirement and children's education. They must also decide on short - term savings and borrowing for daily life like a down payment for a house, a car loan, and other big - ticket items. Additionally, they must manage their different risk and insurance needs. This is might be the first survey about 'Personal Financial Knowledge and Practice' survey was conducted in 2011 with employed and Self-Employed people in Pokhara, Nepal. The survey revealed encouraging findings about how Employed and Self-Employed people of Pokhara approach money matters. This Personal financial literacy modeling research has been attempted to measure the literacy of Personal Finance with respect to their financial knowledge of different financial instrument and their practice or investment decisions. This study is based on stratified random sampling method with the help of financial literacy related parameters. This study has the intention to explore the skills of financial literacy; hence the objective was to test the basic financial knowledge of key products that is common to current society. In general, both categories have fairly healthy attitudes towards basic money management, financial planning and investment matters. Minorities of respondents of both categories save, monitor their spending and are generally responsible in the use of credit. Most of the respondents recognize the importance of financial planning and have done some basic financial planning.The Journal of Nepalese Business Studies Vol. Vii, No. 1, 2010-2011Page : 80-99Uploaded date: July 8, 2012
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Williams, Colin C., and Ioana Alexandra Horodnic. "Self-employment, the informal economy and the marginalisation thesis." International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research 21, no. 2 (April 13, 2015): 224–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijebr-10-2014-0184.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to evaluate which groups of the self-employed engage in the informal economy. Until now, self-employed people participating in the informal economy have been predominantly viewed as marginalised populations such as those on a lower income and living in deprived regions (i.e. the “marginalisation thesis”). However, an alternative emergent “reinforcement thesis” conversely views the marginalised self-employed as less likely to do so. Until now, no known studies have evaluated these competing perspectives. Design/methodology/approach – To do this, the author report a 2013 survey conducted across 28 countries involving 1,969 face-to-face interviews with the self-employed about their participation in the informal economy. Findings – Using multilevel mixed-effects logistic regression analysis, the finding is that the marginalisation thesis applies when examining characteristics such as the age, marital status, tax morality, occupation and household financial circumstances of the self-employed engaged in the informal economy. However, when gender and regional variations are analysed, the reinforcement thesis is valid. When characteristics such as the urban-rural divide and educational level are analysed, no evidence is found to support either the marginalisation or reinforcement thesis. Research limitations/implications – The outcome is a call for a more nuanced understanding of the marginalisation thesis that the self-employed participating in the informal economy are largely marginalised populations. Originality/value – This is the first extensive evaluation of which self-employed groups participate in the informal economy.
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Ashley, Deborah, and Noreen M. Graf. "The Process and Experiences of Self-Employment Among People With Disabilities: A Qualitative Study." Rehabilitation Counseling Bulletin 61, no. 2 (February 3, 2017): 90–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0034355216687712.
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Self-employment and business ownership may provide viable options toward overcoming employment disparities for people with disabilities. This qualitative study explored the process and experience of self-employment among people with disabilities. An online survey yielded responses from 18 individuals who were engaged in various self-employment endeavors. The researchers identified three main categories: reasons for self-employment, the process of becoming self-employed, and the challenges encountered. The majority of participants revealed negative and/or unhelpful interactions with vocational rehabilitation counselors. In addition, this study solicited advice from participants for vocational rehabilitation counselors and other persons with disabilities contemplating self-employment. Finally, recommendations for vocational rehabilitation practice, business development training, and education are provided.
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Levine, Ross, and Yona Rubinstein. "Smart and Illicit: Who Becomes an Entrepreneur and Do They Earn More?*." Quarterly Journal of Economics 132, no. 2 (November 15, 2016): 963–1018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/qje/qjw044.
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Abstract We disaggregate the self-employed into incorporated and unincorporated to distinguish between “entrepreneurs” and other business owners. We show that the incorporated self-employed and their businesses engage in activities that demand comparatively strong nonroutine cognitive abilities, while the unincorporated and their firms perform tasks demanding relatively strong manual skills. People who become incorporated business owners tend to be more educated and—as teenagers—score higher on learning aptitude tests, exhibit greater self-esteem, and engage in more illicit activities than others. The combination of “smart” and “illicit” tendencies as youths accounts for both entry into entrepreneurship and the comparative earnings of entrepreneurs. Individuals tend to experience a material increase in earnings when becoming entrepreneurs, and this increase occurs at each decile of the distribution.
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Colling, Kyle, and Nancy Arnold. "A Qualitative Analysis of the Potential for Collaboration between Vocational Rehabilitation Agencies and Small Business Developers." Journal of Applied Rehabilitation Counseling 38, no. 2 (June 1, 2007): 35–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0047-2220.38.2.35.
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Self-employment is a significant economic trend. For a variety of reasons, self-employment may be particularly salient to people with disabilities. For a person working with a vocational rehabilitation agency, collaboration with a business consultant is an important component of the business development process to help insure success. However, quite often this step is not included in the process or is overlooked. This article reports on a qualitative study conducted to learn about collaborative efforts between Vocational Rehabilitation and business consultants such as Small Business Development Centers, and to assess the potential for strengthening resources available for persons with disabilities who wish to pursue entrepreneurship. Focus groups were conducted using knowledgeable and experienced participants from both service entities, as well as people with disabilities who are self-employed. Analysis of these data is presented, along with recommendations based upon the findings and the empirical literature on professional collaboration.
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Redmond, Janice, Elizabeth Anne Walker, and Jacquie Hutchinson. "Self-employment: is it a long-term financial strategy for women?" Equality, Diversity and Inclusion: An International Journal 36, no. 4 (May 15, 2017): 362–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/edi-10-2016-0078.
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Purpose Becoming self-employed has appeal to both genders. For many women, balancing work and family is a key motivator. However, businesses owned and operated by women are often very small, with limited turnover. This potentially can have disastrous consequences when these women come to retire, unless a solid retirement savings strategy has been considered. The purpose of this paper is to outline many of the issues and implications of a lack of research in this area. Design/methodology/approach Data were collected from 201 small business owners via a convenience sample derived from various databases. The survey was completed on-line and analysed using SPSS. Findings Many self-employed women in Australia have neither enough savings for their retirement, or an actual retirement plan. This is exacerbated by the lack of regulation requiring mandatory contributions into a superannuation (personal pension) fund by small business owners, unlike pay as you go employees, whose employers must contribute a certain about on their behalf. Social implications Middle-to-older aged women are the biggest cohort of homeless people in Australia. This is likely to grow as self-employed Baby Boomers stop working and find they do not have sufficient personal financial resources to fund their retirement. Originality/value Whereas there is much written about gender and small business ownership, as well as retirement and savings planning, these two areas have not been researched before in Australia. Yet it is an issue for the majority of small business owners, particularly women.
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Jun, Hankyung. "Are the Self-Employed Mentally Healthier Than Salaried Workers? Evidence From Korea, Mexico, and the United States." Innovation in Aging 4, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2020): 40–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.132.
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Abstract Self-employed workers are often reported to have better health than salaried workers. Whether this is because self-employment has health benefits or healthier workers are self-employed is not clear. Self-employed workers may have higher job satisfaction due to higher levels of self-efficacy and autonomy, but may also experience higher job stress, uncertainty, and lack of health insurance leading to mental health problems. Self-employed workers in the U.S. may have different characteristics than those in Mexico and Korea given different working and living environments as well as different institutional arrangements. This study will examine the association between self-employment and mental and cognitive health for older adults in the U.S., Mexico, and South Korea. It uses harmonized panel data from the Health and Retirement Study, the Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging, and the Mexican Health and Aging Study. We compare the health and selection effect of self-employment using a pooled logistic model, fixed-effects model, and a bivariate probit model. In addition to comparing self-employed and salaried workers, we analyze differences between self-employed with and without employees. By using rich data and various models, we address reverse causality and estimate the relationship between self-employment and health. We show that the positive health effects of self-employed workers in the U.S. disappear once controlled for unobserved heterogeneity, indicating the possibility of healthier workers selecting into self-employment. Interestingly, for Korea and Mexico, healthier individuals seem to select into wage work which reflects the difference in working conditions across countries. Further analysis will show effects by business size.
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De Groot, I. Manon, and W. Fred Van Raaij. "The role of mental budgeting in healthy financial behavior: a survey among self-employed entrepreneurs." Applied Studies in Agribusiness and Commerce 10, no. 2-3 (August 1, 2016): 15–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.19041/apstract/2016/2-3/2.
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Self-employed entrepreneurs (without personnel) manage their business and household finances at the same time. Both domains tend to interact with each other. In this study, it is studied whether and how self-employed entrepreneurs manage their finances. More specifically, the role of mental budgeting and time orientation in healthy financial behavior is studied. Mental budgeting is a way to manage expenses. It entails setting budgets, making reservations on budgets, compensating after too much spending on a budget, and non-fungibility (treating money as earmarked and categorized). It can be expected that self-employed entrepreneurs using mental budgeting strategies behave in a more healthy financial manner. Survey data were collected among self-employed people without personnel in The Netherlands. The survey contained, among others, questions about the company, time orientation, financial management, tax attitude, reported tax compliance, and concern or worry about the future. Questions were factor analyzed using principal component analyses. The resulting scales were used for further analyses. Regression analyses were performed to predict concern or worry about finances, financially restricting to and exceeding budgets, and reporting tax compliance. In this paper, two components of time orientation are distinguished: awareness of consequences and carelessness about the future. From these components, four orientation types of self-employed people were obtained. The orientation type focusing on long-term consequences shows more healthy financial behavior, whereas the orientation type focusing on the present and less on consequences shows less healthy financial behavior. Responsible and healthy financial behavior of self-employed entrepreneurs is related to focusing on long-term consequences, using mental budgeting, and keeping one’s budgets. Aspects of mental budgeting are predicting worry about business finances. Differential effects of mental budgeting were found on restricting one’s budgets, and exceeding budgets, respectively. Of two measures of future circumstances (work disability, pension), only pension measures were predicting worrying about finances. Mental budgeting was not related to tax compliance, except for fungibility. Past tax behavior is predictive of other (past) tax behaviors. Fiscal history measures prove to be correlated with present measures.
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Ofori, Edmond. "Financial planning for retirement of self-employed workers in the Ghanaian economy." International Journal of Social Economics 48, no. 6 (March 15, 2021): 811–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijse-04-2020-0189.
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PurposeThe purpose of this study was to ascertain the types of financial plan Ghanaian self-employed workers have towards their retirement, and the main forces that motivate these workers to financially plan for their pension.Design/methodology/approachThe study focused on self-employed workers aged from 15 to 60 years. Questionnaires were administered in gathering data for the study. The researcher used probit model in analysing the driving forces behind self-employed workers' financial planning for retirement.FindingsThe study revealed that bank/credit union/savings and loans savings, building of apartments for renting, investment in SSNIT pension, investment in treasury bills/fixed deposits, investment in ownership of business and private insurance pension are the types of financial plan that exist for self-employed workers towards their retirement. The study found that age, marital status, level of education, household size, number of children, renting a house, life style of the future retiree, income, risk level of job and types of retirement plan are the driving forces behind the retirement plans of self-employed workers.Practical implicationsUsing the identified types of financial plan and driving forces in this study, governments in the developing countries can develop and implement self-employed pension schemes, educate and encourage more self-employed workers to plan for their retirement.Originality/valueAnalysing the driving forces behind retirement plans of self-employed people in developing economies.
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Tomlinson, Frances, and Fiona Colgan. "Negotiating the Self Between Past and Present: Narratives of Older Women Moving Towards Self-Employment." Organization Studies 35, no. 11 (November 2014): 1655–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0170840614550734.
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Older people are encouraged into self-employment as a means to extend their working lives; however, both age and gender are thought to constrain the capacity of individuals to take on an enterprising identity. This paper explores the narrative identity work of women over 50 contemplating a move into self-employment. It reveals how they negotiated a provisional self-employed identity in relation to an aged identity, an enterprising identity and an identity as organizational outsider. It discusses the implications of contrasting forms of engagement with these identities for the subsequent enactment of participants’ business plans. The paper briefly considers the implications of its findings for the following areas: enacting and realizing provisional identities; the relationship of self-employment to enterprise; and a process-based conceptualization of age.
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Svidron, Lisa M. "Entrepreneurship as an employment option for people with disabilities: Adding information to your job development toolkit1." Journal of Vocational Rehabilitation 54, no. 3 (May 19, 2021): 285–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/jvr-211138.
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BACKGROUND: Traditional job development for people with disabilities involves placement of individuals into currently open community-based positions or customized positions in the community. OBJECTIVE: When an individual expresses the desire to be self-employed and grow their own business, job developers are unaware of the opportunities available to assist in the process. Entrepreneurship or self-employment has been achieved by many notorious businessmen throughout time. These businessmen all have a disability in which they have learned to embrace their strengths and receive assistance for their weaknesses. CONCLUSIONS: Lessons can be learned from the top businessmen to assist job developers in developing self-employment and entrepreneurship for their individuals to build a better job development toolbox.
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van den Groenendaal, Sjanne Marie Elyse, Silvia Rossetti, Mattis van den Bergh, T. A. M. (Dorien) Kooij, and Rob F. Poell. "Motivational profiles and proactive career behaviors among the solo self-employed." Career Development International 26, no. 2 (April 29, 2021): 309–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/cdi-06-2020-0149.
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PurposeAs the current “one size fits all” research approach is likely to be ineffective in identifying the conditions that promote the entrepreneurial career of the solo self-employed, this paper advances the current understanding of the heterogeneity among the solo self-employed.Design/methodology/approachA person-centered approach is used to identify groups among the solo self-employed based on their starting motives and to examine their engagement in proactive career behaviors.FindingsUsing Latent Class Analysis (LCA), six groups displaying distinct motivational profiles are identified: (1) the pushed by necessity, (2) entrepreneurs by heart, (3) control-seekers, (4) occupationally-driven, (5) challenge-seekers and (6) the family business-driven. In line with the argument that starting motives affect behavior because they reflect the future work selves that individuals aim for, results show that solo self-employed with distinct motivational profiles differ in their engagement in proactive career behaviors. For future research, it is recommended to examine the role of demographic characteristics in the engagement in proactive career behaviors.Originality/valueAlthough starting motives among self-employed people have been studied frequently, this research applies an innovative methodological approach by using LCA. Hereby, a potentially more advanced configuration of starting motives is explored. Additionally, this study applies a career perspective towards the domain of solo self-employment by exploring how solo self-employed with distinct motivational profiles differ in terms of managing their entrepreneurial careers.
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Katerattanakul, Pairin, James J. Lee, and Soongoo Hong. "Effect of business characteristics and ERP implementation on business outcomes." Management Research Review 37, no. 2 (January 14, 2014): 186–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/mrr-10-2012-0218.
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Purpose – This study is an exploratory study aiming to explore whether different groups of manufacturing firms with similar business characteristics and enterprise resource planning (ERP) implementation approaches would experience different business outcomes from ERP implementation. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach – Cluster analysis with data collected from 256 Korean manufacturing firms was employed to identify groups of manufacturing companies having similar business characteristics and adopting similar ERP implementation approaches. Then, the differences in business outcomes from implementing ERP systems among these groups of companies were examined. Findings – Company size and production approaches are useful variables for grouping manufacturing firms into clusters of companies with similar characteristics. Additionally, large manufacturing firms with make-to-order production approach have significantly higher perceived benefits from implementing ERP systems regarding external coordination and competitive impact than other firms do. Research limitations/implications – This study was conducted in only one industry of one country and used the data collected by self-reporting instrument. Thus, further studies conducted in other industries and/or other countries and using more objective measures would allow more generalizability of the findings of this study. It would also be interesting to investigate the effects of the logistics practices adopted by small manufacturing firms even though these practices may be more suitable for large manufacturing firms. Originality/value – This study contributes to the literatures on benefits obtained from implementing ERP systems as none of the previous studies has focused on the relationship among business characteristics, ERP implementation approaches, and business outcomes from ERP implementation.
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Et al., Yousef A. Baker El-Ebiary. "Home Maintenance Business Centre Using Global Positioning System (GPS) Technique in IR 4.0 Era." Psychology and Education Journal 58, no. 1 (January 20, 2021): 5436–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/pae.v58i1.2158.
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Home helper is very much sought nowadays as it will alleviate the burden of performing the daily chores at home. Home helpers are usually self-employed and provide home service on a part-time basis. However, to acquire home helper services within local community is quite challenging because the public do not know where and how to reach the person with this services. The examples of services that can be offered include chaperone services, garden maintenance, meals preparation, pet care assistance, household chores assistance or even companionship for the elderly. Obviously, there is a gap between home service providers and the local community who demanded the services. People who offer the services usually promote their services using flyers or by passing their phone number to people. This is not a systematic marketing strategy since the dissemination of information is limited to just a small group of local community. Hence, i-HomeHelper acts as a dynamic platform for individuals to promote their services to the nearby public who require their services using modern technologies in Industry Revolution 4.0 (IR4.0) and Global Positioning Systems (GPS). i-HomeHelper enables systematic booking process for the required services and also serves as a platform to promote various services that are available. Details of services that include prices, name of the home helpers and contact numbers are also displayed at the promoting page so that the public can choose the services that meet their criteria. It is anticipated that this application will create an ecosystem of inclusive economic growth for these self-employed individuals and benefits the public who really need an assistance on the household chores or home maintenance
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Dunkerley, David, and Claire Wallace. "Young People and Employment in the South West." Journal of Interdisciplinary Economics 4, no. 3 (April 1992): 225–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/02601079x9200400303.
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From a comprehensive survey of over 1200 17 and 18 year olds in Devon and Cornwall, the paper concentrates on the economic position of young people. Important differences were found between the young people in urban and rural areas. Of interest here is the role played by them in the local economy. The rural South West is shown to be characterized by a prevalence of self-employment and small businesses. Furthermore, factors such as a shortage of housing and travelling difficulties leads to different kinds of interdependence between parents and children in rural areas from those found in urban areas. Although in rural areas a dependence of young people upon the family was found, this was balanced by the dependence of the family on them in the sense of a young person’s labour often being a crucial part of the family business. This interdependence is intensified in many rural businesses where there is often no geographical separation of home and workplace. The far South West experiences some of the highest unemployment and the lowest wages in the UK and yet young people in rural areas were found to have developed coping strategies manifested in both formal and informal work practices, casualization and self-employment. The ‘pluriactivity’ found shows young people socialized into long hours, hard work and poor rewards. It is clear from the results that young people are not simply passively dependent upon the household nor that the flow of resources goes simply from parents to children. Small scale rural enterprises in which young people are employed or seek to be employed still show a marked gender division of tasks. Further, it was difficult in many instances to make a clear distinction between work and non-work although again distinct gender differences are visible.
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BILAD, NISMA NURUL. "Utilization of Life Skills Training Results In Enhancing Self-Employed Alumni LKP Nuning Kota Cimahi." Empowerment 7, no. 2 (September 30, 2018): 224. http://dx.doi.org/10.22460/empowerment.v7i2p224-231.878.
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Entrepreneurship is the right choice to improve the life of the economy independently. Whether it's the economy of ourselves personally, even the economy in general in a bigger scope. Cimahi City as one of the cities in Indonesia that has the number of unemployed as many as 2,903 people in 2015. Based on data obtained from the Department of Manpower Cimahi City in 2016, it is known that only about 25.2% alone the amount of unemployment that can be absorbed on the job there is. Based on the conditions in this field, needed an empowerment to overcome the condition. One of the empowerment activities that can be done to overcome this condition through life skills training in the field of bridal makeup organized by Course and Training Institute. But the activity of the alumni of post life skill training training needs to be seen again. Like what the alumni are applying the results of training in entrepreneurship. This research uses qualitative approach with descriptive method. The subject of this research is alumni of LKP Nuning Kota Cimahi in bridal make up. Data collection techniques in this study using interview techniques, observation, and documentation studies. The results of this study indicate that the life skills training process in bridal makeup field consists of preparation process, implementation process, evaluation process, and mentoring process. It can be said that 75% of LKP Nuning alumni in the field of bridal makeup have successfully entrepreneurship independently. This bridal makeup training really helps the alumni in improving their economic and social position in the community. After the training, the alumni began to pioneer their business independently. Promoting online and offline, improving existence through professional organization activities, as well as setting aside funds for upgrading on her dressing skills. In addition, they begin to encounter the obstacles in it. In general, the obstacles faced are divided into 4 issues namely, capital constraints, business competition obstacles, barriers to trend changes that are too fast, and hambantan management of business management. However, not all alumni succeeded in becoming bridal cosmetic. There are also alumni who return to their original job or remain a housewife. Keywords: Entrepreneurship Independence, Life Skills, Bridal Makeup
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Berde, Éva, and László Tőkés. "The platform economy as a working opportunity for older people." Journal of Enterprising Communities: People and Places in the Global Economy 14, no. 1 (November 17, 2019): 76–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jec-09-2019-0092.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to show that gig jobs could be considered an alternative way, albeit not the very best, to give work opportunities to older people. This could offset the continuously decreasing income from the pay-as-you-go pension system, which remains the main source of income for older Hungarians. Design/methodology/approach The paper reviews the most important aspects of employment of older people and highlights the digital divide which still restricts their participation in the labor market. The paper analyzes data from the Hungarian carpooling company Oszkár and compares it with official statistical data from the Hungarian labor market, focusing on the dynamics of the employment of older persons. Findings The findings show that the alienation of older workers from the gig economy is just transitory, and that an increasing proportion of older gig workers can be anticipated. Research limitations/implications Compiling data on the gig economy faces a number of obstacles, as enterprises are disincentivized from revealing all their data. Social implications Older people are more likely to be employed in lower-quality jobs, such as own-account self-employed. They are also increasingly more likely to become gig workers. Originality/value The paper articulates the importance of remaining active as one ages and moreover challenges the traditional belief that gig jobs mainly offer opportunities to the younger generations.
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Zahra, Aning Az, Aftina Nurul Husna, and Ahmad Liana Amrul Haq. "Dinamika Pengambilan Keputusan dan Perkembangan Jiwa Wirausaha pada Mahasiswa." Psympathic : Jurnal Ilmiah Psikologi 6, no. 1 (June 30, 2019): 111–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.15575/psy.v6i1.3464.
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This study aims to describe the dynamics of entrepreneurial decision making and the development of entrepreneurial spirit in students who are self-employed. The researcher used phenomenology to understand the psychological dynamics in students who are self-employed. The results of the study are starting from the subject decision making of entrepreneurship is related to several factors, namely internal and external factors. Internal factors related to the desire to be independent to meet needs, want to help, like challenges and seek freedom. External factors related to family and other people. This research found that an entrepreneur must have a strong commitment and consistency towards his business. An entrepreneur should also have good interpersonal skills, this is important for building relationships. Even so, the entrepreneurial spirit in students still needs to be improved, especially on commitment, consistency, and decision making.
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Păunescu, Carmen, and Laura Blid. "Seniorpreneur as a career option for smart active ageing. A study on Romania." Proceedings of the International Conference on Business Excellence 11, no. 1 (July 1, 2017): 826–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/picbe-2017-0088.
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Abstract The ageing of population is a global phenomenon and solutions are looked for in order to milder the economic impact. One alternative is supporting active ageing through development of entrepreneurship among senior population. Seniors are a valuable resource for entrepreneurship. They often have the skills, financial resources and time available to contribute to economic activity. This will lead to the growing prevalence of senior entrepreneurship. Engaging seniors in both business creation and in supporting new and existing entrepreneurs would maximize the quality of their working life, nurture intergenerational learning and ensure knowledge transfer. In this respect, the paper seeks to answer the following questions: What is the seniors’ perception about entrepreneurship and self-employment in Romania? How desirable is a self-employed career for senior population? What are the motivations of Romanian senior population to become self-employed? To achieve these objectives, the paper analyzes the pulse of self-employment in Romania for people from the age group 60+ years. The data used are extracted from the Amway Global Entrepreneurship Reports (AGER) developed for Romania, for the period 2014-2016. Analysis is conducted by taken into considerations the following dimensions of the “entrepreneurship perception”: attitude towards entrepreneurship, intention of starting a business, entrepreneurship career appealing and entrepreneurship motivations. The findings of the paper show that, in general, people over 60 years exhibit a decreasing positive perception about entrepreneurship that can be explained by multiple reasons. In the paper we raise some key issues that require consideration by policy makers in order to support senior entrepreneurship in Romania and improve seniors’ quality of life.
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Startienė, Gražina, and Rita Remeikienė. "EVALUATION OF THE IMPACT OF SELF-EMPLOYMENT FACTORS ON SELF-EMPLOYMENT DURATION IN THE COUNTRY WITH TRANSITION ECONOMY: A LITHUANIAN CASE." Technological and Economic Development of Economy 19, no. 1 (April 2, 2013): 125–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/20294913.2012.763073.
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The focus of this article is the factors of self-employment duration having the bidirectional effect (positive or negative) on a self-employed person. The research of the impact of bidirectional self-employment factors on self-employment direction has been encouraged by several reasons. Firstly, the scientific literature lacks of the research to focus on the factors motivating self-employment sustainability. The more abilities a person has to sustain self-employment activity, the more benefits he brings to the country (GDP creation, increase of employment, taxes paid) and his personal environment (ensured material well-being, good psychological state, realized objectives). Secondly, realising the impact of self-employment factors on self-employment duration, the government of the country can start application of the targeted business regulation measures that can help to increase the employment rate in the country. Using the methods of expert evaluation and correlation analysis, the impact of the highlighted self-employment factors on self-employment duration in the country with transition economy (Lithuanian case) has been evaluated: self-employment development is positively influenced by financial and non-financial business promotion measures, decreasing gross domestic product (GDP), extraversion, low level of neuroticism, openness, younger people, education andmarital status defined by having older children; it is negatively influenced by inflexible labour market, high unemployment rate, high income taxes and the immigrants. The article highlights the specificity of the country with transition economy considering the fact that business environment conditions in such countries are more difficult than in industrial countries.
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Mallett, Oliver, and Robert Wapshott. "Small business revivalism: employment relations in small and medium-sized enterprises." Work, Employment and Society 31, no. 4 (March 22, 2017): 721–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0950017017690503.
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This e-special issue focuses on employment relations in the context of ‘small business revivalism’ and an ‘enterprise culture’ that has sought to establish a so-called ‘entrepreneurial economy’. Economic restructuring and other political, social and economic changes in the 1970s and 1980s led to an increase in the number and prominence of small and medium-sized enterprises, with implications for the working lives of many people who are now more likely to work as self-employed, freelancers or members of smaller organizations. This e-special issue presents research from Work, employment and society that considers important elements of these changes, including debates about the influences of businesses’ external and internal environments, family relations and government policy. This introduction provides a general overview of the field of employment relations in small and medium-sized enterprises and the 11 articles included in the e-special issue.
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Walsh, Darlene. "Can priming a healthy eating goal cause depleted consumers to prefer healthier snacks?" Journal of Consumer Marketing 31, no. 2 (May 6, 2014): 126–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jcm-09-2013-0697.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine whether priming words related to a healthy eating goal can facilitate self-control among depleted people. Design/methodology/approach – A between-subject experimental design was employed, and participants were randomly assigned to conditions. Findings – Consistent with prior research, this research finds that depletion hurts self-control, and that priming words related to a healthy eating goal facilitates it. What is novel is that if people engage in an initial task that requires self-control (that is, if people are depleted), priming health-related words has no positive influence on self-control. Practical implications – Priming health-related words has no impact on preference when consumers are depleted; implying that marketers of healthy food products should place their product at the beginning of a consumer shopping experience, when resources are most available. In other words, the decision to associate a brand with health-related claims must be strategically coordinated with retail location decisions to maximize its effect on consumer choice. From a public policy perspective, there are some implications for grocery store layouts. For example, it may be argued that removing temptations near the entrance of a grocery store might allow consumers to conserve their effort, which may result in healthier choices. Originality/value – This research finds that priming consumers with health-related words can encourage healthy eating choices, but only when consumers have not already engaged in self-control. This is a new insight to theory (specifically, the depletion model and the theory of nonconscious goal priming), and provides an important contribution to a significant and timely issue (that is, how to prevent and reduce obesity). This paper presents relevant implications and concludes with a number of worthwhile future research ideas.
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Luczkiw, Eugene. "The End of Entrepreneurship: A Holistic Paradigm for Teaching and Learning About, for and through Enterprise." Industry and Higher Education 21, no. 1 (February 2007): 43–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.5367/000000007780222705.
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This paper builds a case that broadens the purpose of entrepreneurship education beyond the walls of the business school to include diverse fields of study at the tertiary level. Entrepreneurship, as a discipline, transcends traditional business school programmes that constrict its holistic nature. It has long been recognized that entrepreneurs are much more than small business owners/managers or self-employed people. They are more aptly described as agents of change and disruption and, more importantly, entrepreneurs can be found in every sector of society. The emerging science of complexity holds a great deal of promise as a theoretical framework for the entrepreneurial journey. The field of entrepreneurship is holistic and interdisciplinary in nature. Entrepreneurship requires a much broader sweep than what the business school curriculum alone can offer. The ‘end’ of entrepreneurship calls for a whole new field of study to unfold and emerge.
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Yoon, Se Joon, Yeon Joo Chae, Kyunguk Yang, and Hyeryun Kim. "Governing through creativity: Discursive formation and neoliberal subjectivity in Korean firms." Organization 26, no. 2 (October 19, 2018): 175–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1350508418805286.
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After the 1997 financial crisis, South Korea abruptly transformed into a neoliberal state. This sudden neoliberal turn necessitated an invention of new subjectivities, making it one of the nation’s most urgent projects. Various efforts were made by the state and market, and among them the notion of ‘creativity management’ stood out. First employed by Samsung Group, creativity management in a wide variety of forms was soon emulated by numerous organizations in South Korea, private or public. This article, drawing upon Foucault’s notion of governmentality, examines how self-governing, neoliberal subjectivities were constructed by the practices and discourses of creativity management. For this, we performed a multilevel analysis of governmentality at the macro (societal), meso (organizational), and micro (individual) levels by using data collected from various media sources and in-depth interviews conducted at two large Korean firms. The analysis reveals that the macro-meso-micro frame is a useful way of understanding the processes by which creativity discourse at a societal level is materialized in organizational programs and how both the discourse and programs influence subjectivities. The finding of this study also suggests an almost universal applicability of the governmentality notion in explaining the advent of neoliberal subjects even in a previously authoritarian state like South Korea. The article concludes by elaborating on these and other contributions in the discussion section.
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Gorman, Hugh S. "Efficiency, Environmental Quality, and Oil Field Brines: The Success and Failure of Pollution Control by Self-Regulation." Business History Review 73, no. 4 (1999): 601–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3116128.
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In the first half of the twentieth century, most firms sought to reduce emissions, effluents, and other pollution-causing discharges only when it resulted in the recovery of valuable material or decreased the amount of money spent on damage and nuisance suits. However, this did not necessarily mean that engineers and technical managers saw themselves—or the firms that employed them—as polluters. Rather, they assumed that as they made industrial operations more efficient, they would also address pollution concerns. This article illustrates the initial success and ultimate failure of this efficiency-based ethic of self-regulation by examining efforts to eliminate the pollution associated with the disposal of oil field brines. Until the 1950s, it argues, efforts to address problems associated with the disposal of oil field brines reinforced the notion that economic incentives to increase the efficiency of industrial operations overlapped with efforts to fight pollution. However, by the late 1950s, economic incentives proved incapable of encouraging further reductions in brine contamination. Yet pollution concerns remained. Since then, the efficiency-based ethic of self-regulation has gradually been replaced by an ethic that most people—and most firms—now treat as legitimate: reaching consensus on environmental objectives and then regulating pollution-causing discharges to meet those objectives.
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Sumra, Sana Haider, Hina Safarish, Sana Suhail, and Syed Tauqeer Ahmad. "Factors Responsible for Low Inclination towards Entrepreneurship in the Public Sector Institutions of Pakistan." Journal of Public Administration and Governance 1, no. 1 (June 13, 2011): 75. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/jpag.v1i1.699.
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Entrepreneurship is of great deal of importance and interest all over the world. For developed countries, this new venture formation results in revitalizing the economy, catalyst of technological innovation and change, means of employment and incubator of market and product innovation. For developing countries, it can be taken as means of job creation, engine for economic progress wealth creation and reducing the social differences. Hence, small business enterprises and entrepreneurship is widely encouraged by the governments who make such policies so as to ensure economic growth and entrepreneurship encouragement. This article presents research on factors which influence the inclination of taking entrepreneurship as a career choice among the business graduates in Pakistan. Entrepreneurship can be taken as means to overcome unemployment and improving social status. This study is conducted from business graduates in the three cities of Pakistan; Islamabad, Lahore and Bahawalpur from HEC recognized institutes which were taken as a sample. The information to be collected on variables ranges from determining simply the presence or absence of a variable to ranking the variables on a given scale depending upon the nature of the variable. Our study is Descriptive and Exploratory nature and Z-test Analysis was carried out in order to unearth the relationship between hypothesized Factors i.e., lack of innovation and creativity, lack of risk tolerance, lack of resources, unsupportive social environment, lack of support from self – employed people, the lack of promotion of self – employment from teachers, lack of entrepreneurship education, low number of self – employed parents, lack of required human skills, long working hours and will discuss how these variables affect to the low inclination towards entrepreneurship in business students of Pakistan. The present youth of Pakistan is showing a very low inclination towards entrepreneurship and hence, the trend is declining rather than to augment. There is only a small proportion of current business students which are interested in doing their own business. A vast majority is still planning their career to become employees in organizations.
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Song, Ki-Han, and Solsaem Choi. "A Study on the Behavioral Change of Passengers on Sustainable Air Transport After COVID-19." Sustainability 12, no. 21 (November 5, 2020): 9207. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12219207.
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From the perspective of the sustainability of aviation demand, we investigated passenger perceptions with regards to whether or not Korean people will resume the use of air transport after COVID-19. Based on five factors—the prevalence of COVID-19, requirements for self-isolation, circumstances at the destination, social atmosphere with regards to overseas travel, and level of preventative measures employed in the aviation service sector—a structured questionnaire was developed using confirmatory factor analysis. Based on these, the main levels of determination per factor were derived and a structured path for the recovery of aviation demand via structural equation analysis between factors was analyzed. The five factors established above were found to have a significant impact on passenger perceptions with regards to the restart of using air transport. It was found that people may consider resuming overseas travel with air transport, prior to the development of a COVID-19 cure or vaccine, corresponding to relaxed requirements for self-isolation if there is a fall in the number of confirmed cases. In addition, it was determined that the unconditional lifting of self-isolation requirements without considerations for the hygienic conditions of the destination has limitations in how much it will lead to the resumption of air travel. We hope that this study will serve as a starting point for other studies monitoring passenger behavior in the future and that it will lead to the development of sustainable strategies for recovering aviation demand.
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Zampetakis, Leonidas A., Konstantinos Kafetsios, Manolis Lerakis, and Vassilis S. Moustakis. "An Emotional Experience of Entrepreneurship." Journal of Career Development 44, no. 2 (July 26, 2016): 144–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0894845316640898.
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According to Bandura’s social cognitive theory, emotions constitute important sources of information for people to judge own efficacy to accomplish specific tasks. The present research employed a laboratory task to assess career starters’ anticipatory emotions and associations with chronic self-construal and emotion regulation strategies. The intensity of facial emotional expressions was assessed while participants were responding to scenarios regarding envisaged business start-up activities. Results from Bayesian path analysis found that independent self-construal was associated with lower intensity of facial expressions of fear; interdependence was associated with higher intensity of anger and disgust. Emotion suppression was associated with lower intensity of happiness and higher intensity of anger. Emotion reappraisal fully mediated relationships between independent self-construal and intensity of expressions of fear in women but not in men. Results add to an emerging literature that highlights the significance of emotions and cultural orientation in the entrepreneurial process.
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Krasniqi, Besnik A. "Personal, household and business environmental determinants of entrepreneurship." Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development 16, no. 1 (February 20, 2009): 146–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/14626000910932935.
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PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore personal, household and business environmental influences on entrepreneurship in Kosova.Design/methodology/approachThe approach takes the form of a econometric investigation using a binary choice model based on a nationally representative labour force and household survey conducted by Riinvest Institute at the end of 2002.FindingsThe results suggest that males, those who live in urban areas, belonging to a larger family/household, have a higher likelihood of being involved in entrepreneurial activities, while a weak positive effect of age and no significant effect of marital status are found. Self‐employed were more likely to be found in sectors where start‐up and sunk costs are expected to be lower (such as services and trade), those sectors that experienced high growth (construction) and in the regions in which entrepreneurship is more developed. In contrast with previous studies, it is found that education received household remittances and the presence of an additional wage earner in a household have negative impact on entrepreneurial activities arising from country‐specific features.Research limitations/implicationsThese empirical findings identified determinants influencing entrepreneurial activities providing basis for policy discussion aimed at entrepreneurship development in the country.Originality/valueThe paper complements rather scarce empirical evidence on determinants of entrepreneurship from a unique transition country. It highlights the role of some transition and country‐specific factors in entrepreneurial activity of the population, providing better insights in understanding entrepreneurial behaviour of people in general and in transition economies in particular.
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Kapoor, Deepa, and Alka Munjal. "Functional Foods: The New Secret of the Health Conscious Indian Women!!" Global Business Review 18, no. 3 (April 9, 2017): 750–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0972150917692196.
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In India, with growing disposable income and increased urbanization and health consciousness among people, the demand for functional foods is emerging. Consumers are more proactive about their health and this in turn has stirred the global market for functional foods and beverages. This article attempts to segment consumers using cluster analysis on the basis of their health orientation and perception towards functional foods. Correlation has been employed to measure the relation between health orientation and functional foods perception. The research has been carried out using primary data collected from 150 women respondents in Delhi NCR. Data analysis showed there is low correlation between health orientation and functional foods perception. Gym instructors and nutritionists are found to be the most important source of information for functional foods. Women respondents have been segmented into three distinct groups showing varied attitudes towards functional foods and health orientation. Among demographic characteristics, age affects the attitude towards self-health and consumption of functional foods.
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Shahzad, Muhammad Farrukh, Kanwal Iqbal Khan, Saima Saleem, and Tayyiba Rashid. "What Factors Affect the Entrepreneurial Intention to Start-Ups? The Role of Entrepreneurial Skills, Propensity to Take Risks, and Innovativeness in Open Business Models." Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity 7, no. 3 (July 12, 2021): 173. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/joitmc7030173.
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Start-ups are launched every day, and most of them will fail at the same pace. Worldwide unemployment has become a major concern due to the geometric increase in the population. However, job opportunities are not created at the same pace as the overall population, and jobless people are becoming a burden on the economy. This situation led to introduce a system that helps people become self-employed and gives dignity to their lives. Prior studies reported that many factors could motivate an individual to pursue entrepreneurial projects. However, there is still a gap in identifying a path that promotes entrepreneurial intention among young graduates. Therefore, the purpose of the current study is to determine the effect of self-motivation, family support, peer influence, and institutional support on entrepreneurial intention through entrepreneurial skills, propensity to take risks, and innovativeness. Data were collected from 416 business students from six public and private sector universities in Pakistan. The results revealed that self-motivation, family support, peer influence, and institutional support positively and significantly affected entrepreneurial intention. The mediating role of entrepreneurial skills, a propensity to take risks, and innovativeness also enhances entrepreneurial intention among young graduates. A categorical analysis was conducted to explain the characteristics of the individuals motivated to launch start-ups. The results revealed a significant difference in the grouping variables of gender and education. The conceptual model provides more pronounced results in the case of male and post-graduate students. These findings may motivate young graduates to start new venture capital start-ups based on open business models. In this way, they can contribute to the complex and evolutionary economics that accelerate efficiency through technological innovation.
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Chazova, I. Yu, and I. A. Mukhina. "ROLE OF PUBLIC AUTHORITIES IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF ENTREPRENEURIAL ACTIVITY." Bulletin of Udmurt University. Series Economics and Law 30, no. 2 (April 23, 2020): 222–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.35634/2412-9593-2020-30-2-222-229.
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Doing business requires certain rules that are formed and regulated by public authorities. The main results of the development of local self-government in the Volga Federal district from the point of view of entrepreneurial activity of public authorities are analyzed. The indicators of local self-government in the Udmurt Republic that characterize the economic activity of municipalities are considered. It is revealed that representatives of local self-government bodies are not able to solve not only financial issues, but also issues of local economy. At the same time, for the period from 2010 to 2018 the number of organizations in Udmurtia decreased by 944 units, which is due to a significant excess of annually liquidated organizations over the number of newly created ones. Negative consequences for the region's economy are manifested in a decrease in: the volume of goods and services produced by various entities; sales turnover, respectively, the amount of taxable profit, and the number of taxes collected; and employment. In Udmurtia in 2018, the number of employed people was 700.5 thousand people, that is, based on 1 economic entity, about 20 people. Forms of support for small and medium-sized businesses are analyzed, federal programs and projects that are aimed at helping small and medium-sized businesses in Udmurtia are considered. Measures are proposed to identify the key points for the development of municipal policy in relation to economic entities, which will allow developing infrastructure, entrepreneurship, and the social sphere, and making better and more effective use of the territory's resources.
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Darville, Gabrielle, Charkarra Anderson – Lewis, Michael Stellefson, Yu-Hao Lee, Jann MacInnes, R. Morgan Pigg, Juan E. Gilbert, and Sanethia Thomas. "Customization of Avatars in a HPV Digital Gaming Intervention for College-Age Males: An Experimental Study." Simulation & Gaming 49, no. 5 (October 2018): 515–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1046878118799472.
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Background.Digital games are increasingly popular among college age men and present themselves as an ideal platform to deliver HPV interventions. Customizing avatars in role playing games encourage intrinsic motivation in the learning process because of self-representation. Proteus Effect research suggests that the representations people make are an adaption of their actual/ ideal self and dictate how one conforms to the expectations and identity cues of their avatar. Objective/Purpose: This study evaluated the effectiveness of a digital gaming intervention aimed at increasing HPV risk perceptions, self- efficacy and behavioral intention to receive the HPV vaccine among college age men (18 - 26). Methods. This randomized control trial employed a 2 X 2 fully-crossed between subjects and tested the effects of avatar characters (assigned/customized) and perception of self (ideal/actual) on HPV risk perception, HPV vaccine self-efficacy and behavioral intent to receive the HPV vaccine. Participants were randomly assigned to one of four conditions. Results. A Factorial ANOVA with repeated measures and a between subjects’ factor (split plot) was used to test for the differences between the means of the outcome variables. Despite having no main or interaction effect our analysis did report a significant main effect of using a pre-post design with the experiment as a stimulus. Discussion/Conclusion. For experimental data, customizing an avatar to look like one’s actual self increases risk perception for the HPV virus and self – efficacy for the HPV vaccine whereas customizing an avatar to look like one’s ideal self increases one’s intent to receive the HPV vaccine.
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Singh, Pukhraj, Nitin Kumar Nag, Lalit Kumar Verma, and Dushyant Kumar. "Performance and problems of self help groups (SHGs) in Meerut district of Uttar Pradesh." International Journal of Agricultural Invention 4, no. 01 (June 17, 2019): 76–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.46492/ijai/2019.4.1.12.
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The present study was carried out in the rural area of Meerut district, with the objective to find out the study the performance of SHGs and problems faced by the SHGs in the study area. As a part of primary data collection, a sample (random) of 110 women respondents were selected out of 22 SHGs operating in the district. The data was collected during the period July 2018 - Dec 2018. A self-help is a small, economically and attractive group of 10-20 rural people which comes together to save small amounts regularly. It generally performs various types of economic activities with the help of their small savings. Self-help groups are informal association of women. The main purpose of such an association is to enable members to mobilization of savings and credit facilities gain economic benefits out of mutual help, solidarity and social responsibility. SHGs is the group based approach, which helps the women members of each SHGs to accumulate capital by way of small saving and helping them to get credit facilities from their funds. Presently, the women of the society are facing the financial problem to start business or to undertake different economic activities to become self-employed and self-reliant.
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Bede Uzoma, Achugamonu, Kehinde A. Adetiloye, Adegbite O. Esther, Patrick O. Eke, and Godswill Osagie Osuma. "Social integration and financial inclusion of forcibly displaced persons in Sub-Saharan African countries." Problems and Perspectives in Management 18, no. 3 (September 7, 2020): 170–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/ppm.18(3).2020.15.
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Most government and international financial institutions worldwide have adopted financial inclusion as a veritable platform for achieving the Social Development Goals of hunger and poverty eradication, inequality reduction, and employment creation. Their efforts will not yield much dividend if a sizeable part of the populace are constrained from social and formal financial inclusion due to social disorder. This study examined the relationship between social seclusion of forcibly displaced persons from formal financial inclusion in twenty-seven Sub-Saharan African countries. Granger Error Correction Method (ECM) with Generalized Methods of Moments (GMM) was used to analyze the short panel data obtained from the World Bank database. The study found a negative long-run relationship between social seclusion and financial inclusion. That is, an increase in social menace overtime will result in more people being financially excluded from formal financial transactions. It, therefore, recommends, amongst others, that government should encourage forcibly displaced persons to become gainfully employed and productive. Specifically, persons in refugee and internally displaced persons camps should be trained to acquire skills that will enable them to become self-employed, create wealth for themselves, and contribute actively to the sustainable economic growth of their host country rather than just provide food and other welfare packages as a temporal palliative for survival.
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Arman, Arman. "Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi keinginan orang tua menjadikan anak-anak mereka pegawai dibandingkan berwirausaha (Studi pedagang retail di pasar Bangkinang Kabupaten Kampar)." Jurnal Daya Saing 1, no. 2 (June 15, 2015): 111–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.35446/dayasaing.v1i2.15.
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Abstract: Lack of motivation of parents to make their children as an entrepreneur or self-employed is not no excuse. From the results wawacara conducted and analyzed can be found the reason why parents prefer their children to become civil servants compared to become entrepreneurs or self-employed as they (parents) that is running the business opened a shop which is on the market Bangkinang among others: because of the prestige or taste proud parents will be great with the civil servants and the official dress uniform when viewed into a pride, then the certainty of income attributed here that even small payments made to them, but they get certainty. When compared with no certainty though employers can sometimes be great, but sometimes not at all. Also due to old age or retired, retiree becomes a problem for people in this area because the retirement income when it is already limited and sometimes only hope of children who are still not clear as well that the PNS can be no guarantee of that. Then factor can be relied upon, as civil servants or work dikantoran, it will be more reliable in the deal, because the deal sometimes requires a strong and attractive appearance, so to be considered to facilitate civil servants dealing and or become reluctant.
Keywords: keingian, Civil Servants, Entrepreneur
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Iqbal, Qaisar. "The Era of Environmental Sustainability: Ensuring That Sustainability Stands on Human Resource Management." Global Business Review 21, no. 2 (June 28, 2018): 377–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0972150918778967.
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Organizations around the world are shifting from processes that exploit the environment towards environmentally friendly processes. Today, there is extreme enthusiasm among practitioners and academic researchers for green management. The fundamental factor of such enthusiasm is that people expect managers to utilize resources wisely and responsibly and make minimum use of air, water, minerals and other materials in the final product. Green management has certain significance on the normative or moral scale. A self-administered questionnaire was distributed to collect data. The G* (where* represents general stand-alone nature of this application in statistical tests across social and behavioral research) power programme suggested a minimum of 43 observations assuming a significance level of 5 per cent, the effect size of 0.15 and a statistical power of 80 per cent with five predictors (Faul, Erdfelder, Buchner, & Lang, 2009, Behavioral Research Methods, 41(4), 1149–1160). A convenience purposive sampling technique was employed. The reliability of instrument was checked through values of Cronbach’s Alpha. The normality of data was checked through the Shapiro–Wilk test. The normality plot was used to find the outlier in collected data. Andrew Hayes’s methodology was employed to investigate the moderating role in the statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) (Hayes, 2012, PROCESS: A versatile computational tool for observed variable mediation, moderation, and conditional process modeling, Lawrence, KS: University of Kansas). This study confirms the significant moderating role of green human resource management (GHRM) over the scale of the employees’ green behaviours (EGBs) and environmental sustainability. Going forward, researchers recommend more research like this, illuminating the role of GHRM activities in enhancing and perhaps even driving environmental management initiatives.
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Jäger, Georg, Laura S. Zilian, Christian Hofer, and Manfred Füllsack. "Crowdworking: working with or against the crowd?" Journal of Economic Interaction and Coordination 14, no. 4 (September 24, 2019): 761–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11403-019-00266-1.
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Abstract Our current labour market is affected by massive changes like digitalization, automation and globalization, which gives rise to completely new forms of generating income. One such innovative idea is crowdworking, where many people (a so-called crowd) work on individual tasks for a firm in a way similar to a self-employed freelancer. This form of occupation is a recent development but gains acceptance, esteem and relevance quite rapidly. The risk potential for wage dumping and (self-) exploitation is still unknown. A crucial, but often neglected fact about crowdworking is that it exists in many variants which have completely different properties. We investigate how much these distinct versions of crowdworking differ by using an agent-based computer simulation. Wages, job security, workforce composition and other relevant indicators are calculated by simulating the micro scale to gain aggregated information on the macro-scale. We find that there is a significant difference between the versions of crowdworking. Our main finding is that especially variants where the crowdworkers are able to set their own wages are susceptible to wage dumping. Simulations suggest that this phenomenon is independent of the specifics of the labour market but rather a fundamental property of those variants of crowdworking.
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Mayombe, Celestin. "Success stories on non-formal adult education and training for self-employment in micro-enterprises in South Africa." Education + Training 59, no. 7/8 (August 14, 2017): 871–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/et-08-2016-0130.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the way the adult non-formal education and training (NFET) centres motivated and empowered graduates to start their own micro-enterprises as individuals or as a group. The specific objectives are as follows: to find out the transforming factors fostering the utilisation of acquired skills into self-employment in micro-enterprises; to investigate challenges encountered in starting and managing micro-enterprises and to investigate short-term impact of the NFET programmes and micro-enterprises on living conditions of graduates. Design/methodology/approach The research design was multiple case studies. Semi-structured interviews and field observations were used for data collection in the qualitative study. In the context of non-probability sampling, the study used the purposive sampling method to select five out of 20 self-employed graduates for one-on-one interviews. Case studies also comprised some observations of activities in their small businesses. Findings The main findings reveal that “learning by doing” training approach and forming groups of entrepreneurs while being on the programme were major factors fostering the translation of acquired skills into micro-enterprises. Practical implications The adult NFET is a tool to enable poor disadvantaged people to improve their well-being. However, this can be achieved if the livelihood skills training is combined with the creation of conducive environments to allow adult trainees become micro-entrepreneurs and self-reliant. Originality/value The study contributes to the knowledge of effective entrepreneurial training programmes by demonstrating the importance of involving stakeholders from the local communities and designing post-training support mechanisms for self-employment prior to the training delivery. The centre managers should also motivate trainees to start micro-enterprises in groups or co-operatives while still on the training programmes.
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Kumar Dahal, Rewan. "Customer performance and non-financial organizational performance of the Nepalese cellular telecommunications industry." Problems and Perspectives in Management 19, no. 2 (May 25, 2021): 132–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/ppm.19(2).2021.11.
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The study assessed a product or service by customers that met their needs and aspirations. It sought to examine the influence of non-financial customer performance (CP) measures on non-financial organizational performance (NFOP) in the Nepalese cellular telecommunications industry (NCTI). Using a structured questionnaire survey instrument, it employed a descriptive research approach. This study’s population included all the global system for mobile (GSM) customers of Nepal Telecom (NT) and Ncell. The sample comprised 385 customers delineated through non-probability sampling techniques. The study’s targeted respondents were postgraduate understudies, service holders, business people, and self-employed individuals. The survey instrument was composed of three sections comprising 28 data collection questions. A statistical package for the social sciences (SPSS) and analysis of moment structures (AMOS) programming were used to analyze the collected data. The study applied confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), path analysis (PA), and structural equation modeling (SEM) to evaluate the significance of the hypothesized paths. It was found that CP had a positive and significant relationship with NFOP in NCTI, with customer retention (CR) being a better predictor, followed by customer loyalty (CL), customer satisfaction (CS), and customer acquisition (CA). This was a cited representative study, not exhaustive, and would help to understand the key drivers of CP in the NCTI.
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Sarmah, Ankita, Bedabrat Saikia, and Dhananjay Tripathi. "Can unemployment be answered by Micro Small and Medium Enterprises? Evidences from Assam." Indian Growth and Development Review 14, no. 2 (May 7, 2021): 199–222. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/igdr-09-2020-0140.
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Purpose Generating meaningful employment has become a major concern for countries across the globe to break the vicious circle of poverty. Employment creation becomes more intricate in a developing economy like India where the population is at an incessant rise, without a simultaneous increase in the employment generation. In the event of situations of mounting unemployment, micro small and medium enterprises (MSMEs) being largely labour-intensive have been claimed as a significant contributor in an economy’s development to induce employment generation. The study at hand is an attempt to gauge the overall contributions of MSMEs in employment creation in Assam, a developing region of the Indian sub-continent. However, most importantly, the purpose of this paper is to determine if men and women are differently employed in the sample MSMEs and if the pattern of employment creation is different across male and female-owned sample MSMEs. Design/methodology/approach The study is based on a uniquely large sample of 320 MSME entrepreneurs with an equal representation of 160 each from male and female entrepreneurs. Secondary data sources were also consulted. Study areas comprising Kamrup-Metropolitan and Kamrup-Rural, depicting both urban and rural Assam, respectively. The choice of activities undertaken by the entrepreneurs includes a wide variety of 12 activities pertaining to all the MSME entrepreneurs in general and certain gender-specific in particular. The two hypotheses (H01 and H02) formulated were tested using the Chi-square test and the Mann-Whitney U test. Furthermore, the growth rate of employment generation in Assam along with the growth rate of the number of MSMEs established and investment made by the MSMEs were computed. Findings The calculated growth rate of employment creation, capital investment and MSMEs established were found to be positive. Based on the results of the Chi-Square test and Cramer’s V test, this paper establishes a strong association between the MSMEs and the total employment generation by the sample entrepreneurs (H01). The primary data suggested that 320 MSMEs are Employing 2,766 people in the study area with an average of 8 people per unit. Employment in the service sector is higher than the manufacturing units with an average of 4 people per unit. Another vital finding of the study professed that the women-owned MSMEs have a relatively lesser number of people (32.2%) employed than their male counterparts (67.8%). The mean rank of male entrepreneurs is considerably higher (211.49) testifying a higher employment creation by the male-owned MSMEs than the women-owned (H02). Moreover, women (33.4%) are thinly employed than men (66.5%). Women entrepreneurs were seen to have mostly limited themselves in micro-units followed by small-units. In terms of the nature of employment, full-time employees (81.8%) supersede part-time employees (6.6%). The pattern of self-employment is equal (5.8%) across both male and women entrepreneurs. MSMEs have been well identified as an impeccable answer to mitigate the problem of mounting unemployment. Originality/value The novelty of the study lies in its meticulous and explicit understanding of the employment scenario in Assam by the MSMEs. Empirical works on employment creation by the MSMEs in Assam were fundamentally based on secondary data sources. The study fills in the gap by providing a holistic picture of employment creation based on both primary and secondary data, but prominently on the primary. The study accounts details about the nature of MSME employment, the gender of the MSME employees, employment creation by male and female MSME entrepreneurs, the growth rate of MSME employment and self-employment to name a few
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Cheese, Peter. "Managing risk and building resilient organisations in a riskier world." Journal of Organizational Effectiveness: People and Performance 3, no. 3 (September 5, 2016): 323–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/joepp-07-2016-0044.
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Purpose There has been increasing attention given to the need to bring risk thinking into the field of HRM. The purpose of this paper is to explore the nature of risk in a rapidly changing context, examines the responses being made and indicates the characteristics of resilient and adaptive organisations. Design/methodology/approach The paper presents a categorisation of risk. It uses the volatile, uncertain, complex and ambiguous metaphor to lay out the likely shape of imminent business risks, and the concept of adaptation to present a case that there is scope for effective responses. Findings The paper argues we are at inflexion point that will force businesses to re-examine how they do business in ways that will impact customer expectations, product enhancement, collaborative innovation and ultimately organisational forms. In order to manage and mitigate risk organisations need to understand corporate cultures, operating models and organisational constructs, leadership and governance, as well as the more traditional talent management practices and processes. Practical implications Key to achieving resilience will be a focus on behaviour and culture. These issues have to be brought to the heart of strategy and the business model of every organisation. Organisation cultures need to be developed based on trust and respect and the need to avoid risk blindness. We need to challenge the mindset that people can only be trusted within narrow confines of rules, or limits of authority. Social implications As we continue to develop more heterogeneous employment models – flexi-working, contractors, self-employed consultants, secondees, agency staff, interns and volunteers, outsourcing, partnering and even crowdsourcing – attention needs to be given to the implications for skills, learning and development and the challenges of aligning behaviours. Originality/value The paper brings together a range of imminent business risks to build the case that these risks of course have potentially profound impacts on people management, but that their solution also brings HRM thinking to the heart of strategies, cultures and business models.