Academic literature on the topic 'Korean Reference books'

Taekwondo, designated as the official ‘national sport of the Republic of Korea,’ has been a source of pride and a point of reference for the Korean people. A great variety of academic articles and books have been published over the last decades about the general historical formation of taekwondo; however, the topic of taekwondo’s institutionalization in South Korea has been largely neglected or ignored. At some point in their lives, almost every South Korean, particularly within the male population when they enter military service, undergoes some form of taekwondo training. No other country in the world integrates martial arts in such a wide-ranging manner. Hence, this article aims to explain the broad integration of taekwondo into the public and higher education system and the military of South Korea. Subsequently, this study details taekwondo as a career opportunity in South Korea, which is highly unique among nations. Lastly, this article focuses on the broadening and specialization of taekwondo activities with the spread and popularization of ‘demonstration’ and ‘forms’ taekwondo. In summary, this article aims to explore these phenomena and contribute new insights to the field of Taekwondo Studies.

The purpose of this article is to examine a different distribution of grammar items in Korean language education depending on spoken formal and informal register. To do so, this author constructed a list of grammar items in Korean language education by compiling grammar items published in Korean grammar dictionaries and grammar books. Then, the Sejong Corpus was reconstructed to build a spoken formal/informal reference corpus and analyze the frequency of grammar items. The frequency of grammatical items was used to calculate G2, based on which grammatical items with formality were suggested. The results of this study hold significance as they provide objective register information which can be utilized in Korean language grammar education and assessment or register descriptions in grammar dictionaries.

The National Library (NL) of Korea holds about 16.3 million digital information materials. Since 2016, the NL has been receiving legal deposit copies of e-books, digital copies of publications, magazines and newspapers. The article analyses digital services of the NL of Korea and identifies the main problems in this area.The NL of Korea is the main library of the country, actively developing the inter-library relations, cooperating with libraries of the Republic of Korea and around the world. It developed the Reference service “Ask a Librarian”, created the Catalogue of digital books, the System “Free Access to Korea” and offers the services on providing information in alternative forms for people with disabilities. The NL designed the automated library system and implemented it in 1094 library. The NL of Korea started the work on creation of the China-Japan-Korea Digital Library Portal. There is a number of problems: acquisition of electronic legal deposit copies, lack of the content for some projects, lack of information services, optimized for the users requirements. The purpose of this study: professional dialogue in the world library community for the exchange of experience, knowledge information resources and for sharing of library content. The article presents the Three-year digital service plan. The author describes the goals and objectives of the NL of Korea: the expansion of the library holdings in the digital environment, the improvement of operation of digital resources, the activation of mobile services and popularization of humanities knowledge through digitization.The principle of operation of all Korean libraries is changing from data collecting and information storage to implementation of information. The author concludes that libraries should quickly respond to the information technology changes. Nowadays, there increases the importance of collecting and storing of all information resources of the national value.

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to discover and enumerate the elements of the digital library and measure how much an individual library was equipped with the characteristics of the digital library accordingly. Design/methodology/approach – For this purpose several steps were taken. First, research on the characteristics and the representative services of the digital library were comprehensively reviewed. Second, examples of the library services that were being considered for the next generation digital library were investigated to compare with the conventional library services. Third, the elements of the conventional and the digital libraries initially extracted were examined by ten experts. These experts were composed of researchers and professors specializing in digital libraries, and career librarians who had worked in the digital library field for at least ten years. The elements were verified through discussions with them. Fourth, 19 university libraries, 16 public libraries, and 17 special libraries were selected in accordance with the verified elements of the conventional and the digital libraries to measure the digitization level of the libraries. Findings – The following is a summary of the evaluation of the first eight evaluation items, which are covered in Part 1 of this study. The remaining five items will be covered in Part 2. First, the digitization level of the acquisition element and classification and cataloguing was significantly high. Second, book collections excluding “digital video,” reference service, library program service, and space service showed significantly conventional characteristics. Third, in the element of circulation services, the item of lending books offline and returning the books scored 92.64 and the item of lending-returning with use of smart devices and social media obtained significantly low scores. Also, the average in using the book return desk for the circulation service was 81.39, much higher than using the automatic book return machine, which scored 18.61, by a wide margin. Fourth, in the element of user services, the digital item of providing support for mobile services related to the library resources demonstrated higher scores than the conventional item, but other items showed more conventional characteristics. In particular, the item of duplication services for material scored 94.99, but other items such as support for publication/bookbinding services using digital publication tools and devices obtained significantly low scores. Originality/value – This study is first study in the world to measure the level of digitization of the library. Therefore, hereafter, each library will be able to measure and determine its digital position based on these elements. Up to now, some research was performed in pursuit of extracting the elements of a library but it has relied solely on literature review. Comprehensive research had never been performed as in this study.

This Present study is used a qualitative method that prioritizes information on the novel text and interpretation it into the analysis. The data was taken from a novel entitled Shine by Jessica Jung, and several journals and books as supporting data. The focus of this study is the main character in the Shine novel, Rachel Kim. This study is about postcolonialism. Rachel Kim had experienced identity issues that occurred in her life. This research aims to describe how the identity issue occurred in Rachel. An overview of the identity issues experienced by Rachel is explained in the discussion of this article. Unhomeliness and hybridity are concepts described in the phenomena that occurred to Rachel. Unhomeliness is a sense of a person caught in two cultures. Hybridity is the strategy of colonized become the part of the colonizer. Both theories analyze the identity issues experienced by the main characters in the novel. The reference used is the theory of unhomeliness and hybridity is to use the concept of Homi. K. Bhaba. Unhomeliness analysis refers to the phenomenon of racism, discrimination, and rejection of the main character. As a result, the main character got mockery jokes and physical appearance toward her. The main character was sorrowful and upset being Korean in America. Furthermore, the analysis of hybridity described in the phenomenon Rachel wants to become a K-pop star. Along with her move from America to Korea, she also got rejected in Korea. The cause of rejection in Korea was because of her American background. Even though she got treated like that, she still struggles to achieve her dream as a K-pop star. The analysis proved the hybridity phenomenon had a relationship with the cause of Rachel's unhomeliness. The result of this study was the main character hybridized her identity. The first perceived experience phenomenon by the main character is unhomeliness and the second is hybridity. Being a K-pop star is made her proud as a Korean. As well as being a K-pop star who has Korean America would make her special in the entertainment industry. Thus, Rachel's identity is not fixed but hybridized.

To identify printing techniques for medieval Korean books, ink tone analysis of printed characters is proposed. Ink tones of printed character images in two ancient books, The Song of Enlightenment with Commentaries by Buddhist Monk Nammyeong Cheon (南明泉和尙頌證道歌), designated as Korean treasures in 1984 and 2012, were compared and analyzed. Both books have been misidentified and disclosed by the Cultural Heritage Administration of Korea as woodblock-printed versions from the Goryeo dynasty of Korea in the 13th century. Ink tone analysis showed clear differences in brightness histograms between printed characters on the two books, suggesting printing technique differences. Statistical ink tone analysis of printed characters in the two books revealed totally different brightness (or darkness) histograms of pixels, within inked areas, suggesting differences in printing techniques and materials used for the two books. Ink tone analysis was performed for the Jikji (直指: metal type printed in Korea in 1337) and the Gutenberg Bible (metal type printed in Europe around 1455) for comparisons. As additional references, the ink tone analysis was conducted for two sets of old Korean books titled Myeongeuirok (明義錄), printed in 1777, and Sok-Myeongeuirok (續明義錄), printed in 1778, using both metal type and re-carved woodblocks. The Gongin version of The Song of Enlightenment, designated as a Korean treasure in 2012, showed very similar distribution and average brightness of ink with the metal-type-printed books from Korea and Europe from the 14th to 18th centuries. All metal-type-printed books from Korea and the Gutenberg Bible showed spotty prints with lighter ink tones and more symmetrical histograms compared with woodblock-printed Korean books from the 14th to 18th centuries. Ink tone analysis of printed character images can provide additional insights into a printing technique identification method. It is additional evidence for metal type printing of the Gongin version (空印本) of The Song of Enlightenment, designated as a Korean treasure in 2012. The version of interest is the world’s oldest extant book, printed using metal type in Korea in September 1239, as indicated in the imprint. This predates Jikji (1377) by 138 years and the 42-line Gutenberg Bible (~1455) by 216 years.

To understand the process of publication and distribution of ancient Korean novels under the Joseon dynasty and Japanese occupation, collecting information on the publication of various printed materials and estimating their publication date through various methods is extremely important. In this study, the characteristics and differences that appeared in the woodblock printing process were investigated using image comparison among editions of the Honggildongjeon (Tale of Honggildong) of Wanpanbon (完板本) (published in the Jeonju region) with other commercial editions of the ancient Korean novels. Additionally, the publication year of each edition was estimated. Printed images of different versions were compared with those of a recently discovered original series version and the changes in the process of carving replacement woodblocks were investigated and summarized. Various phenomena, such as differences in fonts, borderline shapes and integrity of printed characters, appearing in woodblock prints provided useful information for determining chronological relationships between the prints and estimating the approximate publication year for each edition. The various characteristics of woodblock printing obtained through this study are expected to serve as a reference for estimating the relationship between the printing method and the approximate publication date of old books and paper-based printed historical records.

A Review of: Zhang, Li. "Citation Analysis for Collection Development: A Study of International Relations Journal Literature." Library Collections, Acquisitions, and Technical Services 31.3-4 (2007): 195-207. Objective – To determine primary type, format, language and subject category of research materials used by U.S. scholars of international relations. Also, to investigate whether research method, qualitative or quantitative, can be correlated with the type and age of sources that scholars use. Design – Citation analysis. Setting – Research articles published in three journals on international relations with high impact factors: International Organization, International Studies Quarterly, and World Politics. Subjects – A random sample of cited references taken from the 410 full-length research articles published in these journals from 2000 to2005. Cited references of articles written by authors of foreign institutions (i.e., non-American institutions), as well as cited references of editorial and research notes, comments, responses, and review essays were excluded. Methods – Cited references were exported from ISI’s Social Science Citation Index (SSCI) to MS Excel spreadsheets for analysis. Data was verified against original reference lists. Citations were numbered and identified by source format, place of publication (foreign or domestic), age, and language used, if other than English. The author used a random number generator to select a random sample of 651 from a total of 29,862 citations. Citations were randomly drawn from each journal according to the proportion of the journals’ citations to the total. These citations were analyzed by material type and language. The author also used the Library of Congress Classification Outline to identify the subject category of each book and journal citation in the sample. A separate sampling method was used to investigate if there is a relationship between research methodology and citation behaviour. Each of the original 410 articles was categorized according to research method: quantitative, qualitative or a combination of the two. Two articles representing qualitative research and two representing quantitative research were randomly selected from each of the three journals for each of the six years. Subsequently, five citations from each of the resulting pool of 72 articles were randomly selected to create a sample of 360 citations. These citations were analyzed by material type and age of source. Main Results – Analysis of the citation data showed that books (including monographs, edited books, book chapters and dictionaries) made up 48.2% of the total citations; journals (including scholarly and non-scholarly titles) made up 38.4% of the citations; and government publications made up 4.5% of the citations. Electronic resources, which primarily refer to Web sites and digital collections in this study, represented 1.7% of the citations. Other sources of citations included magazines (1.1%), newspapers (1.1%), working papers (1.1%), theses (0.9%), conference papers not yet published as articles (0.6%), and a miscellaneous category, which included items such as committee minutes, radio broadcasts, unpublished materials and personal communications (2.5%). The average age of book citations was 14.3 years and the median age was 8 years. Foreign language citations represented 3.7% of the 651 total citations. The top ranked foreign languages were German (7), French (5), Russian (4), Spanish (3), Korean (2) and Swedish (number not given Subject analysis of the citations revealed that 38% of all citations were from international relations and two related disciplines, political science, political theory, and public administration. Subject areas outside international relations included social sciences (23.4% - including economics, commerce, industries and finance), history (16.3%), sociology (6.2%), and law (5.9%). Citations from philosophy, psychology, military science and general works together made up 7.3% of the total citations. Citations from science, linguistics, literature, geography and medicine made up less than 2% of the total. Authors of qualitative research articles were more likely to cite books (56.7%) than journals (29.4%) while authors of quantitative research articles were more likely to cite journals (58.3%) than books (28.9%). Authors of qualitative research articles were also more likely to cite government publications and electronic resources than those of quantitative articles. However, authors of quantitative research articles were more likely to cite other materials, such as dissertations, conference papers, working papers and unpublished materials. The age of cited materials for both qualitative and quantitative research articles is similar. Citations to recent materials up to 5 years old were most frequent, followed by materials 6 to10 years old, materials 11 to15 years old, and those 26 or more years old. The least frequently cited materials were 16 to 20 and 21 to25 years old. Conclusion – Scholars in international relations primarily cite books, followed by journals and government publications. Citations to electronic resources such as Web sites and digital collections, and to other materials are far less common. Scholars primarily cite English-language materials on international relations and related subjects. Authors of qualitative research articles are more likely to cite books than journals, while authors of quantitative research articles are more likely to cite journals than books. Recent materials are more frequently cited than older materials, though materials that are more than 26 years old are still being cited regularly.

Purpose: It was intended to measure the sound intensity of children's sound books and to compare them with the standards of Korea and the International Standards Organization (ISO).Methods: The loudness of 15 children’s sound books was measured at a distance of 25 cm (child’s arm length), and 2.5 cm length of external auditory canal. Measurements taken three times with each book were performed, and the overall sound intensity of the sound books and the sound intensity of each button were measured and compared.Results: Compared with the Korean standard, all the buttons of all books exceeded the standard for the sound volume of the children’s book measured at a distance of 2.5 cm. When comparing the maximum sound intensity measured at a distance of 25 cm with 85 LAmax, a total of 168 buttons of these, 25 (14.88%) were recorded as exceeding the maximum loudness. According to the standards of the ISO, all buttons in all books were below the standard 85 LAeq.Conclusion: Several children’s books are loud enough to cause noise-induced hearing loss, especially when they are placed close to the ear. Strict standards for sound children’s books are required, and it is important to put a warning on the cover of the book. It is expected that the sound intensity of the children’s sound book presented in this study can be referenced when referring to the loudness during hearing rehabilitation in children.

The introduction defines “media ventriloquism” and explains its value in an era wherein interactions are increasingly mediated. The political stakes of the project are high, particularly when the world is witnessing technological manipulation on a grand scale, yet the theoretical lens used in this volume allows the authors to approach ventriloquism from a number of disciplines and apply it to texts from nineteenth-century spiritualism to early Hollywood talkies to Korean video games. The introduction explains how the chapters are organized into sections and coins two new terms that unify their focus: the “technovocalic body,” which builds on Steven Connor’s idea of the vocalic body, and the “screen voice,” which is rooted in Sigmund Freud’s discussion of the screen memory. To explain these terms, the chapter turns to recent films by Spike Lee and Boots Riley and also references classics such as Singin’ in the Rain and Julie Dash’s Illusions.

The conclusion summarizes the main arguments of the book before picking up the narrative thread with the death of King Yŏnsan’gun and the enthronement of King Chunjong in 1506. It argues that beginning in the sixteenth century, fewer references to royal and elite hunting appear in the official sources as this was an era of both the suppression of hunting activities (including the royal involvement) and the expansion of domination over the land and animals by the throne. The king and court shifted their definition of legitimacy away from martial matters, like hunting, to one of sagely rulership, where the king would spend his time in the capital and royal palace to steady the state. The conclusion ends by offering additional insight into the significance of hunting and animals to Korea and Northeast Asia from the sixteenth through the twentieth centuries as well as the necessity for scholars to incorporate animals into historical studies.