Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Kopanos'

Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2013.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This thesis explores the representation of women, identity and education in the works of Tsitsi Dangarembga, Nervous Conditions (1989) and The Book of Not (2006), and Kopano Matlwa, Coconut (2007) and Spilt Milk (2010), through the lens of postcolonial studies. The arguments presented deal with the complicated factors associated with the formation of new identities in independent Zimbabwe and post-apartheid South Africa. I focus on how African women are represented in the texts taking place at particular socio-historical moments, including implications and interpretations of the literal and cultural shift from the indigenous, rural or segregated environments to Western, urban and racially mixed ones. My argument outlines the ways in which the stories are allegorically the stories of the fledgling democracies from which they emerge. I explore the texts in terms of symbolics of food, language, accents, family, academic settings, and the liberating and limiting elements associated with each. The authors present a complicated reality for the women of the novels, one where education is prioritized although somewhat to the detriment of traditional values and norms. The representation of women in the novels varies, leaving few successful role models for navigating workable identities for the characters as mothers, wives, and autonomous individuals. The novels offer interesting imaginaries for the future of their respective countries. The texts promote education tempered with a respect for home cultures and racial reconciliation.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie tesis ondersoek die uitbeelding van vroue, identiteit en opvoeding in die werke van Tsitsi Dangarembga en Kopano Matlwa vanuit die oogpunt van postkoloniale studies. Die voorgestelde argument hou verband met die ingewikkelde faktore van identiteit-vorming in 'n onhafhanklike Zimbabwe en 'n post-Apartheid Suid-Afrika. Ek fokus op die uitbeelding van swart vroue in hierdie tekste wat gedurende spesifiek sosio-historiese oomblikke plaas vind. Dit sluit in die gevolge en interpretasies van letterlike en kulterele verskuiwings vanaf inheemse, landelike en gesegregeerde omgewings tot Westerse, stedelike en veelrassige omgewings. My argument sit uit een hoe hierdie vroue se stories as allegorieë vir die jong demokratiese lande waaruit hul na vore kom, beskou kan word. Ek verken die tekste ook in terme van die simboliek van voedsel, taal, aksent, familie en opvoeding, en fokus verder op die bevrydende en beperkende elemente van elk. Die skrywers bied 'n ingewikkelde werkliheid vir vrouens in die romans aan, een waar opvoeding 'n prioriteit is, maar ietwat tot die nadeel van tradisionele waardes en norme. Die uitbeelding van vrouens in die romans wissel en bied min suksesvolle rolmodelle aan waarvolgens die karakters identiteite soos moeder, vrou en selfstandige individue kan vorm. Die tekste bevorder wel die verkryging van 'n volledige opvoeding, maar nie tot nadeel van tradisionele kulture, of die moontlikheid van rasseversoening nie. Beide die romans bied 'n interessante blik op die toekomste vir die onderskeie lande dur hierdie uibeelding van die vroulike karakters.

Tato diplomová práce se snaží předpovědět velikost ekonomického dopadu v případě pořádání Mistrovství Evropy v kopané na území České republiky. Vytváří přitom čtyři varianty ? optimistickou a pesimistickou variantu pod vlivem cestovního ruchu a to v případě pořádání akce samostatně či ve spolupráci s jinou zemí. V první části zkoumá přímé dopady konání ? růst HDP. V druhé části, za využití meziodvětvové analýzy, se pokouší zjistit, jak velký by byl dopad nepřímý ? obrat HDP. K výpočtu přímých dopadů sumarizuje poznatky z analýz o výstavbě nových stadionů a očekávaný přínos z cestovního ruchu. V závěrečné části nastiňuje, zda by byly jednotlivé municipality schopné vynaložit prostředky na výstavbu stadionů a potřebné infrastruktury. Vzhledem k tomu, že do současné doby jsem nedohledal žádnou studii, která by se týkala přímo tohoto tématu, považuji právě tento fakt za největší přínos této analýzy.

Thesis (M. A. (English Studies)) --University of Limpopo, 2018
This study seeks to examine the concept of identity in the post-colonial South Africa. Like any other African state, South Africa was governed by a colonial strategy called apartheid which meted out harsh conditions on black people. However, the indomitable system of apartheid was subdued by the leadership of the people, which is democracy in 1994. Notwithstanding the dispensation of democracy, colonial legacies such as inequality, racial discrimination and poverty are still yet to be addressed. As mirrored in Sindiwe Magona’s Beauty’s Gift (2008) and Mother to Mother (1998) and Kopano Matlwa’s Coconut (2008) and Spilt Milk (2010), the colonial past perhaps paved a way for social issues to warm their way into the democratic South Africa. This study will use the aforementioned novels penned in the post-colonial period to present an evocation of identity-crisis in South Africa. It will then employ these methodological approaches; Afrocentricity, Feminism, Historical-biographical and Post-Colonial Theory to assert and re-assert the identity that South Africans have acquired subsequent to the political transition from apartheid to democracy. KEY WORDS: Apartheid, Colonialism, Democracy, Identity, Post-Colonialism

Festivals, including arts festivals, have a long history of acting as special slices of space and time to commemorate or celebrate cultural occasions (Getz, 2007, p. 11). Getz’ views events and festivals as ‘special places’ and ‘other spaces’ that exist in a ‘time out of time’. Despite the proliferation of arts festivals across the globe over the past few decades, there is a lack of articulated and documented approaches with regard to sets of general principles to guide the way in which arts festivals can be structured so as to best activate the special place of a ‘heterotopia’, which can be also be described as an ‘other’ place, similar to Getz’s notion. This dissertation proposes a framework for organising arts festivals that enhances the idea of festivals being special slices of space and time by using the EMBOK Design Domain. It provides a theoretical toolkit for future festival coordinators to be able to theoretically activate heterotopic principles of space and time. In particular, this dissertation considers the 2013-2015 Krêkvars-Kopanong Student Arts Festivals hosted by the Drama Department of University of Pretoria, South Africa. To create this framework, the dissertation first considers the notion of the festival as heterotopia – supporting Getz’s idea that festivals are special places and spaces. The dissertation uses Michel Foucault's six principles of heterotopia to explore the relationship between festivals, space, and time. The dissertation extends Foucault’s theorisation of heterotopia by introducing the concept of ‘splace’. ‘Splace’ is an important concept in order to understand the complexity of, and conceptual interface between, space and place. Secondly, the dissertation considers the Event Management Book of Knowledge (EMBOK), a formal methodology for event coordination that consists of varied spheres of management, known as domains, such as administration, marketing, operations, risk and design. This dissertation argues that the strategic use of the EMBOK Design Domain may activate heterotopic principles when used as part of the process of planning and organising the Krêkvars-Kopanong Student Arts Festival. The Design Domain largely relates to decisions around the creative content of an event. The two main components of this framework, heterotopia and EMBOK, could together form an approach for the Krêkvars-Kopanong Student Arts Festival organiser to enhance the special slice of time and space that the festival occupies – creating heterotopia. The findings of the research can be extrapolated to a broader context by applying the framework to the way design decisions are made in other festivals.
Dissertation (MA)--University of Pretoria, 2018.
Drama
MA Drama
Unrestricted

An analysis of the preoccupation writers of South African fiction display after the process started by the Truth and Reconciliation Commission is vital in post-apartheid South African writing. It becomes clear that a fascination with the past is not bound to any one specific racial or gender group within post-apartheid South Africa. Authors can therefore be said to continue the excavation work that the TRC started many years ago. The severe impact that the rigid classification of human beings into different groups based on race had, and continues to have, becomes evident in contemporary South African writing. The fact that white privilege always comes at a cost for those wanting to attain or maintain it cannot be overlooked and whiteness as a construct is examined.

The thesis deals with the influence of European cup competitions on competitive balance within national leagues. The importance of competitive balance in sports leagues is highlighted and its vulnerability to the growing differences in revenues between the clubs I discussed. The main part of the thesis provides an analysis of specifics of English, German and Spanish football league. It focuses on the differences in revenue structure and revenue level between clubs within the league, as well as between the leagues. The paper analyzes the influence of participating in European cups on club revenues and the connection between growing revenues with the development of competitive balance.

The thesis deals with investments in professional sports clubs. It analyses contributions and impacts of foreign investors' approach on professional football clubs' operations and economy. It also examines motives that give foreign investors reason for buying top European football clubs. The main part of the thesis provides an analysis of six selected football teams from English Premier League to discover common features and differences in modern owners' approaches to their sports clubs. Investments on players' transfer markets and into sports facilities are being discussed as well.

This study explores the crisis of representation in black South African protest and ‘post’-apartheid literature. Conversant with the debates on the crisis of representation in black South African protest literature from the 1960s to the late 1980s, the dissertation proposes a re-reading of the ‘crisis’ by locating it in the black writer’s struggle for an aesthetic with which to express the existential crisis of blackness. I contend that not only protest but also contemporary or ‘post’-protest black South African literature exhibits a split or fractured mode of writing which is characterised by the displacement/unheimlichheid produced by colonialism and apartheid, as well as by the contentious nature of that which this literature endeavours to capture – the fraught identity of blackness. In my exploration of the split or double narratives of Mongane Serote’s To Every Birth Its Blood, K. Sello Duiker’s Thirteen Cents, and Kopano Matlwa’s Coconut, I examine the representation of blackness through the themes of violence, trauma, powerlessness, failure, and unhomeliness/unbelongingness – all of which suggest the lack of a solid foundation upon which to construct a stable black identity. This instability, I ultimately argue, suggests a move beyond an Afrocentric perspective on identity and traditional tropes of blackness towards a more processual, fluid, and permeable post-black politics.

Despite the lack of evidence, a huge body of literature continues to suggest that there is a crisis of care for children who are orphaned by AIDS. Based on a study of Kopanong Municipality in Free State, this study investigated extended family care for orphans and other vulnerable children in the context of ubiquitous poverty and the high prevalence of HIV/AIDS. It asked whether the application of current welfare policies recognises or facilitates extended family care for orphans. The care for orphans has been conceptualised in terms of the lack of adequate number of members of extended family who would provide care for orphans and the quality of care which orphans receive from their carers. To address questions of care for orphans and implications for welfare policies, this study employed both quantitative and qualitative research techniques to gather information on the prevalence of orphans, their living conditions, and types of care and support available, available welfare services and access thereto.

This thesis, on the topic of Sustainable rural development of Moravské Kopanice, is aimed at evaluating the current state of sustainability in the mentioned area and considering its future development with respect to local specifics. Sustainability was evaluated in individual pillars (social, economic, environmental) using both statistical data and data obtained from interviews and questionnaires, conducted in the area in spring 2019. The results were subsequently summarized in SWOT analysis. The research showed that although each pillar has both strong and weak points, for this area the economic pillar is the weakest, while the environmental one is the strongest. Support for the development of environmentally friendly tourism, which could become a suitable tool for sustainable development of this region, appears to be the most perspective for the future.

Title: Change in the external load at different forms of the game of football Objectives: The aim was to gain insight into various modifications of football and then apply theoretical knowledge to teaching experiment. Methods: In teaching experiment was to determine whether changes in participation of players in the game when resizing the field and change the number of players and also find how to change the load of the players with a change of pitch and number of players. Theoretical bases: Contains an list of the most modifications of football with their brief description. Then analysis of game performance. This chapter place emphasis on gaming activities of player. Last but not least the thesis contains a detailed discussion of the peculiarities of sports training of children and youth. This chapter focuses on the specifics of children's football and coaching youth both at home and abroad. Pedagogical experiment: The experiment was performed in category U-15 in the team FK Pelhřimov in November 2012 and It was focused on the participation of playeres in the game when resizing the pitch and number of players. Results: There was not detected increase in the intensity of load when resizing the pitch and change the number of players. It was found that the change in pitch and changes in the number of...

Resumé Title: The analysis of scoring goal in football on the basis of World Championship 2006 in Germany. Work objectives: My work objective is to analyze the scoring goals based on detailed watching of all the matches ofWorld Championship 2006. The players and t~ams in the offensive part ofthe play are studied, especially in the line of attack. The main purpose of the study is to reason out the model situation leading to breaking through the defensive line successfully scored by a goal (in open play), and to find out what the requirements on the particular players are and to use the gained information in practice. Methods: The research was accomplished by indirect observation from videocassette showing all goals scored at the World Championship 2006. The qualitative and quantitative analysis was used for this research. There were followed all the criteria of performance of successful shot. The graphic demonstration of representative goal situation has showed us the models, which we can break in to the training process and transfer to another performance group. Results: The results show us which models of successful offensive play were used at the world championship. Also the possibilities of strategy which lead to scoring a goal were introduced and so the frequency ofappearance ofthe partial factors. Key...

The aim of this study is to explore the challenges in the implementation of a performance management system in the Ministry of Trade and Industry (MTI), Botswana, achievements, as well as the limitations thereof. The researcher employed a mixed method approach whereby both the qualitative and quantitative designs were used. The quantitative approach using a schedule of predetermined questions utilized focus group discussions with the senior management teams while the quantitative data was collected by the use of a questionnaire with both closed and open-ended questions. The sampling frame was the employees of the MTI. Both stratified random sampling and proportional sampling were used to ensure homogeneity and fair population representation. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) was used for analyzing quantitative data while the qualitative data was grouped into themes which were then embedded in the quantitative data for analysis. The findings of the study revealed that the MTI does implement the performance management system although there are some challenges such as flawed measures, brain drain and limited resources to mention a few. The study concludes with the propositions that the outcome is not clearly defined and that PMS is not customer focused and therefore needs to be tested.
Thesis (M.Com.(Economics) North-West University, Mafikeng Campus, 2010

Background: Long waiting times and the quality of care are sometimes compromised by the ineffective systems caused among others by the bottlenecks at the reception and the treatment areas. The Hospital management of the Kopanong Hospital was concerned about the long queues and waiting times in the Hospital’s out-patient department. Therefore, the Hospital management would like to reduce the long queues and the length of the waiting times. The information from the customer care system showed that the average waiting times in the out-patient department was about five hours and that much of this time was spent at reception area waiting for files. However no study was done to systematically measure the waiting time in the OPD and the factors that might have influence on it. This study was planned in this setting to assist the Hospital management in setting the baseline that could be used in benchmarking for monitoring the situation. Aims: To evaluate factors affecting waiting times at the Out-patient department (OPD) of Kopanong Hospital Methodology: The setting of this study was Kopanong Hospital, in the Sedibeng District in the Gauteng Province. This was a cross-sectional study that looked at broad issues pertaining to the waiting time at the Out-patient Department of Kopanong Hospital, a district hospital in a the rural district in the Gauteng Province during three-year study period. The OPD has three sections: General OPD, Paediatric OPD and Antenatal Clinic (ANC). The MS excel software based data extraction tool was designed to obtain data from Hospital Information System. Results: The majority of the patients came from poor socio-economic class and had no medical aid. Therefore, these patients are dependent on public health facilities for their health care and would not be able to pay for their health care. The majority of the patients were self referred except ANC. This might be due to a well-functioning referral system for maternity patients in the District. The majority of the patients attended the General OPD and Paediatric OPD for medical reasons. The analysis of data showed that the patients spent a significant amount of time in the system before they were seen by the nurses and doctors. However, they were also spending a significant amount of time in the Pharmacy. The reasons for efficient record keeping for ANC and Paediatric OPD patients might be due to the fact patients caries their own cards (ANC cards and Road to Health cards). Similar system should be introduced for General OPD patients. Further study is necessary to identify the cause for delay in the Pharmacy. Conclusion: This study was the first of its kind to be done in this Hospital and the Sedibeng Health District. The study identified the areas where patients spent time in the OPD. This would assist the Hospital Management to develop appropriate measures to reduce waiting time in the Hospital OPD. In addition, further study is necessary at the PHC facilities in the District to identify reasons for high self-referral.

The most popular game all over the world has entered the territory of Bohemia already in the last decades of the 19th century, when especially in the cities and suburbs of Prague many Czech or German societies, engaged in new game from England called "football", was founded. Sudden and long lasting interruption of positive development of young sport by mobilization in the summer of 1914 and deep political and social changes after conflict isolated prewar events and made unique relict environment that creates the main sources for ideas of work. However chapters leaving sport performances aside and try to describe the period culminating after year 1900, when profesional player was born of student-enthusiast and when club loyalities based on nationality or social inclusion of spectator have been created. To achive a comprehensive view is also important to describe ideological orientation and economy of clubs, topography of Prague grounds or relationships between biggest clubs SK Slavia, AC Sparta, SK Viktoria Žižkov and DFC Prag, which was litmus paper of attitudes with German etnicity. Keywords Football, Prague, Czechs, Germans, Slavia, Sparta, The Great War

Title: Licensing system in professional football in case of Gambrinus league Objectives: The main aim of diploma thesis is description of licensing system in professional football in Czech Republic, which has to be observed by professional football clubs, if they want to get a professional licence. Without this required licence clubs can not figure in I. and II. league. The next object was the comparison of Czech football and German football. Methods: In thesis is used a method of interview, method of content analysis and method of comparison. Semistructured interview took main part in datas collection. The method of content analysis was used for analysis of these datas. The method of comparison was helpful for research of second aim of this diploma thesis, which was comparison between football in Czech republic and football in Germany. Results: This diploma thesis shows positive and negative of licensing system. Further describes differencies between Czech and German football. It recommends which way is the best for raise match attendance and make match more attractive like in Germany. Keywords: football, licensing system, interview, Gambrinus league

Title: Prognosis of the German Bundesliga Objectives: Description of structures and rules of the German Bundesliga. Financial analysis of the German Bundesliga and her prognosis of selected values until the year 2020. Methods used: Financial analysis of absolutes, differentials and relations indicators. Prognostics smallest squares method in Microsoft excel - linear trend function through function forecast. Results: Summary the level of the financial performance based on the financial analysis and prognosis of selected values of the German Bundesliga until the year 2020. Key words: Bundesliga, football, financial source, club, financial analysis, prognostics

Title: Prognosis of the German Bundesliga Objectives: The main goals of the diploma thesis were to analyse the German Bundesliga from her financial aspect and to create a prognosis of selected values until the year 2020. Methods used: First time was used the financial analysis of absolute, differential and relation indicators. Then to estimate the future development of the German Bundesliga were selected linear and exponencial trends calculated and applied with using the least squares method. On the top was calculated and applied the modified exponencial with using the method of partial sums. Results: Summary the outcome of the financial analysis through financial indicators and selected values prognosis of the German Bundesliga until the year 2020. Key words: Football, financial source, club, competition, financial analysis, turnover, profit, salaries, revenues, costs

The thesis elaborates on relations between PE or sports in general, and mathematics. The author focuses on a practical application of numbers on sports such football, swimming, track and field, downhill skiing and Olympic games. Moreover, the mentioned numerical methods are further used for writing a workbook of model exercises for grammar schools. The thesis is divided into two main chapters ? theoretical and practical. The theoretical part consists of selected sports which are expressed and described by numbers and formulas. In the practical part, a reader can find the workbook of model exercises which has been completed using all the mathematical sources discussed in the theoretical part. There are also correct solutions exercises available for self-studying students.

Abstracts in English, Sotho and Afrikaans
The impact of Information and Communication Technologies on all spheres of life, whether it is for educational, corporate, government or social purposes is undeniable. From an educational point of view, the South African Department of Basic Education acknowledged the impact that ICT has on teaching and learning in the classroom by introducing ICT in the education system. However, ICT integration in South African schools is still in its infancy especially in most rural schools. The phenomenological, qualitative research study employed a case study as its research design, employing the connectivism theory as the theoretical framework. The theory that underpinned this study was the connectivism theory. The research was performed with a sample of six purposively selected teacher-participants. Semi-structured interviews and non-participant observation were the methods of data collection. The aim of conducting the semi-structured interviews was to determine the teachers’ perception on the integration of ICT as a tool to enhance teaching and learning. The non-participant observation assisted in corroborating the data collected from the interviews. The research data collected were studied, analysed, explained and validated. The findings indicated that the integration of ICT is still at its infancy and though the teachers viewed ICT as a valuable tool to enhance teaching and learning, they emphasised the enormous work that needs to be done by the Department of Basic Education in ensuring the full integration of ICT in the schools. Findings of the study highlighted the challenges that teacher’s experience that hindered the proper integration of ICT in schools. The study recommends that the Department of Basic Education provides adequate ICT tools in all the public schools, ensures that the teachers receive proper ICT training, continuous support and the regular update and maintenance of ICT tools as well as the regulation of ICT policy as a guide to teaching and learning in the schools.
Seabe sa Ditheknolotši tša Tshedimošo le Dikgokagano go makala ka moka a bophelo, se ka be se le go thuto, go khamphani, go mmušo goba mabakeng a leago se ka se ganetšwe. Go ya ka maikutlo a tša thuto Kgoro ya Thuto ya Motheo ya Afrika Borwa e amogetše seabe seo Theknolotši ya Tshedimošo le Dikgokagano (ICT) e nago le sona go go ruta le go ithuta ka phapošing ya thuto ka go tsebagatša ya ICT ka lenaneong la thuto. Le ge go le bjale, kopanyo ya ICT ka dikolong tša Afrika Borwa e sa le mathomong kudukudu ka dikolong tše ntši tša magaeng. Dinyakišišo tše tša maitemogelo le tša boleng di šomišitše dinyakišišo tša seemo bjalo ka tlhamo ya tšona ya go dira dinyakišišo, ka go šomiša teori ya thuto ya kgokagano ka inthanete bjalo ka tlhako ya teori. Teori yeo e thekgilego dinyakišišo tše e bile teori ya thuto ya kgokagano ka inthanete. Teori ye e phethagaditšwe ka sampole ya barutiši ba tshela bao ba kgethilwego go kgatha tema ka maikemišetšo. Dipotšišo tša dipoledišano tšeo di bego di nyaka gore baarabi ba fahlele ka mabaka le temogo ka bao ba sa kgathego tema di ile tša šomišwa bjalo ka mekgwa ya go kgoboketša tshedimošo. Maikemišetšo a go diriša dipotšišo tša dipoledišano tšeo di bego di nyaka gore baarabi ba fahlele ka mabaka ebile go tseba maikutlo a barutiši mabapi le kopanyo ya ICT bjalo ka setlabelo sa go thuša go ruta le go ithuta. Temogo ka bao ba sa kgathego tema go thušitše go kopanya tshedimošo yeo e kgobokeditšwego ka dipoledišanong. Tshedimošo ya dinyakišišo yeo e kgobokeditšwego e ile ya lekodišišwa, ya sekasekwa, ya hlalošwa le go tiišeletšwa. Dikutollo di laeditše gore kopanyo ya ICT ka dikolong e sa thoma gomme le ge e le gore barutiši ba bona ICT bjalo ka setlabelo se bohlokwa sa go thuša go ruta le go ithuta, ba gateletše taba ya mošomo o montši wo o swanetšego go dirwa ke Kgoro ya Thuto ya Motheo go netefatša gore go ba le kopanyo ka botlalo ya ICT ka dikolong. Dikutollo tša dinyakišišo di laeditše dithohlo tšeo baithuti ba itemogelago tšona tšeo di šitišitšego kopanyo ya maleba ya ICT ka dikolong. Dinyakišišo di šišinya gore Kgoro ya Thuto ya Motheo e fane ka ditlabelo tša maleba tša ICT ka dikolong tša mmušo ka moka, e netefatše gore barutiši ba hwetša tlhahlo ya maleba ya ICT le thekgo ye e tšwelago pele, le gore ditlabelo tša ICT di fele di mpshafatšwa kgafetšakgafetša le go hlokomelwa. Godimo ga fao, gore melawana ya ICT bjalo ka tlhahlo ya go ruta le go ithuta ka dikolong e laolwe.
Ons kan nie die invloed van Inligtings- en Kommunikasietegnologie (IKT) op alle terreine van die lewe – of dit vir opvoedkundige, korporatiewe, regerings- of sosiale gebruik is – ontken nie. Uit 'n opvoedkundige oogpunt, het die Suid-Afrikaanse Departement van Basiese Onderwys die invloed van IKT op onderrig en leer in die klaskamer erken deur IKT in die onderwysstelsel bekend te stel. IKT-integrasie in Suid-Afrikaanse skole is steeds in sy beginfase, veral in landelike skole. Hierdie fenomenologiese, kwalitatiewe navorsingstudie het 'n gevallestudie as navorsingsontwerp en die konnektivisme teorie as teoretiese raamwerk gebruik. Die teorie wat die studie onderskryf het, was die konnektivisme teorie. Die navorsing is met 'n steekproefneming van ses doelbewus gekose onderwyserdeelnemers uitgevoer. Semigestruktureerde onderhoude en niedeelnemerwaarneming is gebruik om data te versamel. Die doel van die semigestruktureerde onderhoude was om die onderwysers se persepsies te bepaal oor die integrasie van IKT as hulpmiddel om onderrig en leer te bevorder. Die niedeelnemerwaarneming het gehelp om die data uit die onderhoude te bevestig. Die navorsingsdata wat versamel is, is bestudeer, ontleed, verduidelik en geldig verklaar. Die bevindings het aangedui dat die integrasie van IKT nog in sy beginfase is en alhoewel die onderwysers IKT as 'n waardevolle hulpmiddel beskou om onderrig en leer te bevorder, het hulle die groot hoeveelheid werk wat die Departement van Basiese Onderwys nog moet doen om volledige integrasie van IKT in skole te verseker, beklemtoon. Die studie se bevinding het die onderwysers se uitdagings wat die behoorlike integrasie van IKT in skole verhinder, uitgelig. Die studie beveel aan dat die Departement van Basiese Onderwys genoegsame IKT-hulpmiddels in alle openbare skole voorsien, verseker dat die onderwyser behoorlike IKT-opleiding en deurlopende ondersteuning ontvang, en dat IKT-hulpmiddels gereeld opgradeer en onderhou word. Verder, dat die IKT-beleid as 'n riglyn vir onderrig en leer in skole gereguleer moet word.
Curriculum and Instructional Studies
M. Ed. (Curriculum Studies)

Abstracts in English, Zulu and Sotho
The provision of education through an open and distance learning (ODL) mode calls for institutions of higher learning to provide support services that can respond to students’ needs and expectations, and impact positively on their learning experiences. Tutorial support is one of the pillars of student support services which contribute to the academic success of students in this academic context. The use of technology has led institutions of higher learning to change the way support is provided to students by integrating online learning to reach students who cannot attend traditional face-to-face (F2F) tutorials at a specified time and venue. The University of South Africa (Unisa) responds to these global changes by integrating F2F and online services to support its students through the integrated tutor model (ITM) which seeks to address the learning needs and expectations of students. The study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of this ITM. The study was guided by a social constructivist theory of learning supported by connectivism, empathy theory and Salmon’s five stage model of e-learning. The fundamental theory of social constructivism is based on the assumption that learning is constructed in a social setting before individuals engage with knowledge. The experiences of individuals play a big role in the construction of knowledge hence it is crucial to acknowledge their prior knowledge. Students who are supported through the ITM in the six Unisa regional service centres and the Unisa staff involved in the implementation of the ITM participated in the study. A purposive sampling technique was used to select these participants. A random sampling technique was also used to sample students to complete a questionnaire. Qualitative data were collected through individual and focus group interviews and documents analysis. The findings of this study reveal that the ITM is not quite ffective as it partly meets the students’ needs and does not meet students’ expectations. This is because Unisa offers students’ needs such as F2F and online tutor support for some modules. However, students’ expectations in terms of receiving teaching by tutors, provision of assignment aswers to students, fully fledged resource provision in the learning centres and receiving technical support from tutors are not met. In light of the findings, the study contributes to the ITM by identifying and filling its gaps using the Context, Input, Process and Product (CIPP) model of evaluation. The improvements will assist Unisa to relook at the ITM to intensify its support for students to fully meet their needs and expectations.
Uhlelo lokuhlinzeka ngemfundo olusebenzisa uhlelo oluvulekile nohlelo lokufunda ukude (ODL) linxusa amaziko emfundo aphakeme ukuthi anikeze anikeze izinsiza ezixhasayo ezingabhekana nezidingo nezinhloso ezilindelwe kubafundi kanti futhi zinomthelela omuhle ohlelweni lwabo lokufunda. Uxhaso lweThuthoriyali ngolunye lwezinsika zemisebenzi yokuxhasa abafundi olunegalelo kwimpumelelo yabafundi kwezemfundo kulesi sizinda sezemfundo. Ukusetshenziswa kobuchepheshe sekuholele amaziko emfundo ephakeme ukuba aguqule indlela abafundi abaxhaswa ngayo – ngokuhlanganisa uhlelo lokufunda nge-inthanedi ukufinyelela abafundi abangeke bakwazi ukuya kumathuthoriyali okuhlangana nabafundi ngobuso nobuso (F2F) ngesikhathi kanye nendaweni enqunyiwe.. INyuvesi yaseNingizimu Afrika (Unisa) ibhekene nalezi zinguquko zomhlaba ngokuhlanganisa uhlelo lwe-F2F kanye nezinsiza zohlelo lwe-inthanedi ukuxhasa abafundi bayo ngokusebenzisa imodeli ehlanganisiwe yamatjhutha (ITM) efuna ukwanelisa izidingo zokufunda kanye nezinhloso ezilindwe abafundi. Ucwaningo beluqonde ukuhlola ukusebenza kahle kohlelo lwa le ITM. Ucwaningo belulandela ithoyori ebizwa nge-social constructivist theory of learning ngokuxhaswa ukuxhumana (connectivism), i-empathy theory kanye nemodeli yokufunda kaSalmon yezigaba ezinhlanu. Ithiyori yokuqala yokwakhiwa komphakathi isuselwa phezu komqondo wokuthi ukufunda kwakheka ngaphansi kwesizinda sabantu ngaphambi kokuthi abantu bahlangane nolwazi. Ulwazi abantu abahlangabezana nalo ezimpilweni zabo ludlala indima esemqoka ekwakhiweni kolwazi, kanti-ke kubalulekile ukwamukela ulwazi lwabo lwangaphambilini. Abafundi abaxhaswa ngohlelo lwe-ITM ezikhungweni ezisebenzayo eziyisithupha zezifunda kanye nabasebenzi ababandakanyeka ekusetshenzisweni kwe-ITM bazibandakaye kulolu cwaningo. Indlela yesampuli enezinhloso isetshenziselwe ukukhetha labadlalindima, kanti ngakwenye ingxenye indlela yokuksampula yinoma ngubani isetshenzisiwe ukusampula abafundi ukuba baqede umbhalo wemibuzo. Idatha eyencike kwingxoxo iqoqwe ngokusebenzisa izinhlolovo zabantu kanye namaqembu aqondiwe kanye nokuhlaziywa kwemibhalo. Ulwazi olutholakele lwalolu cwaningo luveza ukuthi i-ITM ayisebenzi kahle njengoba yanelisa izidingo zabantu ngokwesigamu, kodwa lolu hlelo lwe-ITM alufinyeleli izinhloso zabo ezilindelwe. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi i-Unisa ifeza izidingo ngokuhlinzeka, isibonelo, ngohlelo lokufundisa lwe-F2F kanye nohlelo lwe-inthanedi lwamatshutha uma kunesidingo sabanye omojuli. Yize-kunjalo, izimpokophelo ezilindelwe ngabafundi mayelana nokuhlinzekwa ngemfundo eyethulwa ngamatshutha, ngokunikezwa izimpendulo zama-asayimenti kubafundi, ngokusebenzisa imithombo eqotho ezikhungweni zokufunda kanye nokuthola uxhaso lwesithekinikhali oluvela kumatshutha akuyona imisebenzi efeza lokhu. Ngokolwazi olutholakele, ucwaningo lufaka igalelo kwi-ITM ngokwehlukanisa kanye nokuvala izikhala zalo ngokusebenzisa i-Context. I-Input, uHlelo kanye noMkhiqizo (CIPP) okuyimodeli yokuhlola. Izintuthuko zizonceda i-Unisa ukuba ibuyekeze i-ITM ukuqinisa uxhaso lwayo kubafundi ukuze kufezwe izidingo kanye nezinhloso zabo ezilindelwe.
Kabo ya thuto ka mokgwa wa go ithuta ga phatlalatša le ga kgole (ODL) o ipiletša go dihlongwa tša thuto ya godimo go fana ka ditirelo tša thekgo tšeo di ka kgonago go arabela dinyakwa le dikemelo tša baithuti le go ama gabotse maitemogelo a bona a go ithuta. Thekgo ya dithutišo ke ye nngwe ya dikokwane tša ditirelo tša thekgo ya baithuti tšeo di tsenyago letsogo go katlego ya baithuti ka mo seemong se sa thuto. Tšhomišo ya theknolotši e dirile gore dihlongwa tša thuto ya godingwana go fetoša ka fao thekgo e fiwago ka gona go baithuti – ka go kopanya go ithuta inthaneteng gore go fihlelele baithuti bao ba sa kgonego go tsenela dithutišo tša setlwaedi tšeo baithuti ba kopanago le bafahloši (F2F) ka phapošing ya bofahloši. Yunibesithi ya Afrika Borwa (Unisa) e arabela ditlhohlo tše tša lefase ka bophara ka go kopanya F2F le ditirelo tša inthaneteng go thekga baithuti ba yona ka go diriša mokgwa wa go ruta wo o kopantšwego (ITM) wo o nyakago go rarolla dinyakwa le dikemelo tša go ithuta tša baithuti. Dinyakišišo di ikemišeditše go sekaseka go šoma gabotse ga ITM ye. Dinyakišišo di hlahlilwe ke teori ya kago ya setšhaba mabapi le go ithuta yeo e thekgwago ke tirišo ya theknolotši thutong, teori ya go naganela ba bangwe le mokgwa wa Salmon wa dikgato tše hlano tša go ithuta. Teori ya motheo ya kago ya setšhaba e theilwe go kwešišo ya gore go ithuta go agwa ka seemong sa setšhaba pele ga ge batho ba ka hwetša tsebo. Maitemogelo a batho a raloka tema ye bohlokwa ka go kago ya tsebo, ke ka lebaka leo go le bohlokwa go lemoga tsebo ya bona ya peleng. Baithuti bao ba thekgwago ka ITM ka disenthareng tša Unisa tše tshela tša ka dileteng le baithuti bao ba kgathago tema ka phethagatšong ya ITM ba tšere karolo ka mo dinyakišišong. Mokgwa wa go dira sampole ka maikemišetšo o šomišitšwe go kgetha bakgathatema ba, mola mokgwa wa go dira sampole ka sewelo o šomišitšwe go dira sampole ya baithuti go tlatša dipotšišo tša dinyakišišo. Tshedimošo ya boleng e kgobokeditšwe ka go botšiša batho ba nnoši le dihlopha dipotšišo gomme gwa dirwa le tshekatsheko ya dingwalwa. Dikutollo tša dinyakišišo tše di utolla gore ITM ga e šome gabotse kudu go fihlelela dinyakwa tša baithuti ebile ga e fihlelele dikemelo tša bona. Se ke ka lebaka la gore Unisa e hlokometše dinyakwa tša baithuti ka go fana ka, go fa mohlala, F2F le thekgo ya baithuti ya inthaneteng go dimotšule tše dingwe. Le ge go lebjale, dikemelo tša baithuti mabapi le go amogela go rutwa ke bafahloši, go fa baithuti dikarabo tša diasaenemente ke bafahloši, kabo ya methopo ka botlalo ka disenthareng tša thuto le go amogela thekgo ya sethekniki go tšwa go bafahloši ga di fihlelelwe. Go lebeletšwe dikkutollo tše, dinyakišišo di tsenya letsogo go ITM ka go tseba le go tlatša dikgoba ka go diriša mokgwa wa tshekatsheko wa Seemo, Tšweletšo, Tshepedišo le Setšweletšwa (CIPP). Dikaonafatšo tše di tla thuša Unisa go lekodišiša ITM go maatlafatša thekgo ya yona go baithuti gore e fihlelele dinyakwa le dikemelo tša bona ka botlalo.
Curriculum and Instructional Studies
D. Ed. (Curriculum Studies)

Online learning through the use of information and communication technology (ICT) features in institutions of higher education globally. If integrated successfully online learning holds many benefits. Research however has highlighted that the focus of online learning is often on the technology, while pedagogical considerations are neglected. As such online learning has not yielded significant changes from a pedagogical perspective. The impetus of this study was driven by the need to find approaches of integrating pedagogically sound online learning in distance education (DE). The study employed a case study research design, and was qualitative in nature. Questionnaires, interviews and documents informed the case study. The findings of the study reveal that online learning should be purposefully planned. In light of the findings, the study presents a framework for the integration of online learning in DE. The framework is built on the concept of awareness and argues that online learning should depart from three types of awareness, i.e. lecturer, student and institutional. The framework is entrenched in theory from both DE and online learning and offers direction for stakeholders at various levels of DE higher education institutions in terms of integrating online learning.
Boithuti ka inthanete ka tšhomišo ya theknolotši ya tshedimošo le kgokagano (ICT) bo hlaga ka go dihlongwa tša thuto ya godingwana lefaseng ka bophara. Ge e le gore di kopantšwe ka katlego, boithuti ka inthanete bo na le mehola ye mentši. Le ge go le bjalo, dinyakišišo, di bontšhitše gore nepišo ya boithuti ka inthanete gantši e ka go theknolotši, mola ditlhoko tša mokgwathuto di hlokomologilwe. Ka fao, boithuti ka inthanete ga se bo tšweletše diphetogo tša go bonagala go tšwa go kgopolo ya mokgwathuto. Tlhohleletšo ya dinyakišišo tše e laolwa ke nyakego ya go hwetša mekgwa ye e kopantšwego ye e kwagalago ya thuto ya boithuti ka inthanete le boithutikgole (DE). Dinyakišišo di šomišitše tlhamo ya dinyakišišo ya tshekatsheko ya maemo, gomme ka tlhago e be e le tša boleng. Mananeopotšišo, dipoledišano le dingwalwa di tsebagaditše tshekatsheko ya maemo . Diphihlelelo tša dinyakišišo di utolla gore boithuti ka inthanete bo swanetše go beakanywa ka maikemišetšo. Go ya ka diphihlelelo, tlhako e hlagišwa ke kopanyo ya boithuti ka inthanete ka go DE. Tlhako ye e theilwe godimo ga kgopolo ya temošo le go hlagiša gore boithuti ka inthanete bo swanetše go tšwa go mehuta ye meraro ya temošo, k.g.r. mofahloši, baithuti le dihlongwa. Tlhako ye e hlalošwa ka botlalo ka go teori go tšwa go DE le boithuti ka bobedi ka inthanete gomme e fa taetšo go baamegi maemong a go fapafapana a dihlongwa tša thuto ya godingwana ya kgole go ya ka boithuti ka inthanete.
Ukufunda ngokuxhumana ngekhompuyutha ngokusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bolwazi nokuxhumana (i-ICT) kuyinto ekhona ezikhungweni zemfundo ephakeme emhlabeni wonke. Uma kudidiyelwe ngempumelelo, ukufunda ngokuxhumana ngekhompuyutha kunemihlomulo eminingi. Kodwa-ke, ucwaningo luqhakambise ukuthi ukugxila ekufundeni ngokuxhumana ngekhompuyutha kuvame ukuba mayelana nobuchwepheshe, bese kuthi okuphathelene nezindlela zokufundisa kunganakwa. Kanjalo, ukufunda ngokuxhumana ngekhompuyutha akuzanga noshintsho oluningi maqondana nezindlela zokufundisa. Isisusa salolu cwaningo kwaba ngukukhuthazwa yisidingo sokuthola izindlela zokudidiyela izindlela zokufundisa ngokuxhumana ngekhompuyutha ezisebenzayo kwezemfundo yamabanga (i-DE). Lolu cwaningo lusebenzise uhlobo lokucwaninga olubheka izindawo ezithile okugxilwa kuzo kanti luwuhlobo olubheka imininingwane yezinto ezikhona ezingamaqiniso. Amaphephamibuzo, izingxoxiswano kanye nemiqulu yikona okwaholela ocwaningweni olugxila ezindaweni ezithile. Okwatholakala kulolu cwaningo kwaveza ukuthi ukufunda ngokuxhumana ngekhompuyutha kumele kuhlelwe ngendlela. Ngenxa yokutholakele, uhlaka luhlinzekelwa ukuba kudidiyelwe ukufunda ngokuxhumana ngekhompuyutha kwezemfundo yamabanga. Uhlaka lwakhiwe ngomqondo wokuqwashisa futhi lubeka phambili ukuthi ukufunda ngokuxhumana kwekhompuyutha kufanele kusukele ezinhlobeni ezintathu zokuqwashisa, kuthisha wasenyuvesi, kumfundi nakwisikhungo. Uhlaka lugxile emqondweni wezinzululwazi wakona kokubili imfundo yamabanga nokufunda ngokuxhumana ngekhompuyutha futhi luhlinzeka umhlahlandlela kwabathintekayo emazingeni ahlukahlukene ezikhungo zemfundo ephakeme yamabanga maqondana nokudidiyela ukufunda ngokuxhumana ngekhompuyutha.
Educational Studies
Ph. D. (Education)

Morero oa thuto e ne e le ho hlahloba hore na hobaneng matichere a maemo a phahameng a hokahanya kapa a sa kopanye thuto ea tikoloho ho ruteng le ho ithuteng. Sepheo sa thuto ena e ne e le tsebo ea mosuoe mabapi le thuto ea tikoloho, maano a ho a sebelisa, liphephetso le menyetla e fumanoeng ha ba tlameha ho kopanya thuto ea tikoloho. Boithuto bo amohetse mokhoa oa ho etsa lipatlisiso oa boleng, thuto ea linyeoe le paradigm ea lipatlisiso. Lintlha tsa boleng li ile tsa bokelloa ho sebelisoa lipuisano le boithuto ba lithuto. Matichere a mararo a nkile karolo thutong ena. Pseudonyms e ne e sebelisoa ho sireletsa boitsebiso ba bona. Mokhoa oa typology o sebelisitsoe ho sekaseka metheo ea data lipotsong tsa lipatlisiso, lihlooho, sebopeho sa mohopolo, tlhahlobo ea lingoliloeng le boiphihlelo ba motho oa mofuputsi. Lintlha tsohle tse bokelletsoeng, li ile tsa hlahlojoa le ho hlalosoa e le nyeoe e le ‘ngoe. Phuputso e senotse hore thuto ea tikoloho ha e kopantsoe ka katleho, matichere a hokahanyang le tse sa kopaneng li bile le mathata le hore matichere ha a na tsebo e lekaneng mabapi le ho kopanngoa ha thuto ea tikoloho. Ka hona, ho khothalletsoa hore sekolo mmoho le matichere ba hlahise mananeo a thuto a tikoloho ka bophara le ho fan aka maikutlo a mekhoa e ka sebelisoang ho ntlafatsa maano a bona a ho ruta ho kopanya thuto ea tikoholo ka nepo.
Injongo yesifundo yayikukuphonononga ukuba kutheni kwaye kutheni ootitshala benqanaba eliphakamileyo bedibanisa okanye bengadibanisi imfundo yendalo ekufundiseni nasekufundeni. Ugxininiso kolu phando lwalukwimfundo katitshala malunga nemfundo yendalo esingqongileyo, iindlela zokufundisa ezisetyenzisiweyo, imiceli mngeni kunye namathuba afunyanwa xa kufuneka edibanise imfundo yendalo. Uphononongo lwamkele indlela yophando esemgangathweni, uyilo lwamatyala kunye nepharadigm yophando. Idatha yolwazi yaqokelelwa kusetyenziswa udliwanondlebe kunye nokujonga izifundo. Ngootitshala abathathu abathathe inxaxheba kolu phando. I-pseudonyms yasetyenziswa ukukhusela ubuqu babo. Indlela yokuchwetheza isetyenziselwe ukuhlalutya iziseko zedata kwimibuzo yophando, imixholo, isikhokelo sekhonkco, uphononongo loncwadi kunye namava obuqu omphandi. Yonke idatha eqokelelweyo, yahlalutywa kwaye itolikwa njengecala elinye. Olu phando luveze ukuba imfundo yendalo esingqongileyo ayihlangananga kakuhle, ootitshala abadibanisa kunye nabangazidibanisi nemiceli mngeni kwaye ootitshala abanalwazi lwaneleyo malunga nokudityaniswa kwemfundo yendalo esingqongileyo. K ngoko kucetyiswa ukuba isikolo kunye nabafundisi-ntsapo bazise iinkqubo zokufunda zokusingqongileyo kwaye bacebise ngeendlela ezinokuthi zisetyenziselwe ukuphucula izisetyenziselwe ukuphucula izicwangiso zabo zokufundisa ukulungiselela ukudityaniswa kwemfundo yendalo esingqongileyo ngempumelelo.
The aim of the study was to explore how and why senior phase teachers are capable or incapable of integrating environmental education in teaching and learning. The focus of this study was on teacher’s knowledge about environmental education, instructional strategies used and challenges and opportunities experienced when they have to integrate environmental education. The study adopted a qualitative research method, case study design and an interpretative research paradigm. Qualitative data was collected using interviews and lesson observations. Three teachers participated in this study. Pseudonyms were used to protect their identities. A typology approach was utilised to analyse data based on the research questions, themes, conceptual framework, literature review and the personal experience of the researcher. All data collected was analysed and interpreted as a single case using. The study revealed that environmental education is not integrated effectively, teachers who integrate and those that do not integrate encountered challenges and that teachers have inadequate knowledge about the integration of environmental education. Therefore, it is recommended that the school together with teachers introduce continuous environmental education programmes and suggests approaches that can be used to improve their instructional strategies to enable the intergration of environmental education effectively.
Science and Technology Education
M. Ed. (Environmental Education)