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Journal articles on the topic 'Kolokola'
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Nepomniashchikh, N. A. "Durylin’s Interpretation of Leskov: A Memoir Writer." Studies in Theory of Literary Plot and Narratology 15, no. 1 (2020): 104–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.25205/2410-7883-2020-1-104-116.
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The article discusses the influence of N. Leskov’s works on S. Durylin’s writings. It proves that Durylin’s literary critique on Leskov focuses on the idea of search of the god and ideal, the idea pervading Leskov’s literary heritage. Durylin was one of the first to recognize the ex- amples of worldly holiness in Leskov’s narratives. He creates characters of saints living in the world in each of his own writings as well. Durylin interprets Leskov’s image of Russia as the mythologem (author’s interpretation of the sociocultural myth) of Holy Rus’. In light of this mythologem, Durylin’s Russia is the Imperial Russia, which is, like the city of Kitezh, idealized and irretrievably lost. Leskov also affected his poetics: he dedicated his Troitsyn Den’ (The Whit Sunday) to Leskov, wrote his own novels in the unique genres created by Leskov (e.g., a novel-chronicle: Soboriane (The Cathedral Clergy / The Cathedral Folk) – Kolokola (The Bells)). Durylin repeated the storylines of several Leskov’s short novels, used some of Leskov’s narrative strategies. This research shows various similarities of Durylin’s and Leskov’s works. The conclusion is that Leskov’s character and esthetics were reviewed Durylin’s works.
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Iqbal, Muhammad, Istiqamah Istiqamah, and Riazul Muna. "KOLOKIAL BERBAHASA INDONESIA DALAM PERCAKAPAN MAHASISWA INSTITUT AGAMA ISLAM NEGERI (IAIN) LHOKSEUMAWE (Indonesian-Language Colloquial Speakers in the Lhokseumawe State Islamic Institute (IAIN) Student Conversation)." Sirok Bastra 9, no. 1 (August 30, 2021): 15–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.37671/sb.v9i1.235.
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Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mendeskripsikan kolokial berbahasa Indonesia dalam percakapan mahasiswa IAIN Lhokseumawe serta mendeskripsikan ragam kolokial berbahasa Indonesia mahasiswa IAIN Lhokseumawe. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan deskriptif. Sumber data penelitian ini adalah mahasiswa IAIN Lhokseumawe. Analisis data menggunakan teknik analisis kualitatif deskriptif menurut pendapat Moleong. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa bahasa kolokial yang terjadi dalam percakapan mahasiswa IAIN Lhokseumawe adalah bahasa santai yang digunakan sehari-hari ketika berbicara dengan orang lain. Tiga ragam kolokial yang terjadi dalam percakapan mahasiswa IAIN Lhokseumawe meliputi (1) kolokial yang menghilangkan huruf vokal [a], [i], [e], [o], [au], dan [ai]; (2) kolokial yang menghilangkan huruf konsonan [s], [h], [m], dan [k]; dan (3) kolokial yang menghilangkan huruf vokal dan huruf konsonan [ba], [ang], [ka], [id], [gan], [er], [du], [un], [be], [ya], [bagai], dan [te]. The purpose of this study is to describe Indonesian-language colloquials in the IAIN Lhokseumawe students' conversation and describe the Indonesian-language colloquial diversity of IAIN Lhokseumawe students. The method used is a qualitative method with a descriptive approach. The data source of this research is Lhokseumawe IAIN students. Data analysis uses descriptive qualitative analysis techniques in the opinion of Moleong. The results of this study indicate that colloquial language that occurs in IAIN Lhokseumawe students' conversation is a casual language that is used daily when talking to others. Three types of colocials that occur in IAIN Lhokseumawe students' conversations include (a) colloquial which removes vowels [a], [i], [e], [o], [au], and [ai]; (b) colloquial which removes the consonant letters [s], [h], [m], and [k]; and (c) colloquial which removes vowels and consonants of [ba], [ang], [ka], [id], [gan], [er], [du], [un], [be], [ya], [bagai], and [te].
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Williams, Helen. "Ringing the Bell: Editor-Reader Dialogue in Alexander Herzen's Kolokol." Book History 4, no. 1 (2001): 115–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/bh.2001.0012.
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Nazihah, Wafiqotin, and Gigit Mujianto. "Maksim Kuantitas pada Ragam Kolokial dalam Sentra Pelayanan Publik." Alinea: Jurnal Bahasa, Sastra, dan Pengajaran 9, no. 2 (October 31, 2020): 85. http://dx.doi.org/10.35194/alinea.v9i2.951.
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Artikel ini akan mendeskripsikan maksim kuantitas pada pemakaian kolokial dalam sentra pelayanan publik. Pendekatan yang digunakan dalam penelitian adalah pendekatan kualitatif. Data dalam penelitian berupa penggunaan maksim kuantitas pada pemakaian kolokial sesuai dengan tingkatan yang sesuai dalam sebuah interaksi. Sumber data dalam penelitian adalah dua contoh video pelayanan publik yang diperoleh dari situs youtube. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan teknik simak catat. Teknik analisis data menggunakan teori Miles dan Huberman dan menggunakan alur pengumpulan data, reduksi data dan penarikan kesimpulan secara tuntas. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan representasi maksim kuantitas pada pemakaian kolokial dalam sentra pelayanan publik mengarah pada (1) penggunaan kata dasar. (2) penggunaan vokal dalam sebuah kata. (3) penggunaan suku kata terakhir sebuah kata. dan (4) penggunaan konsonan dalam sebuah kata.Katakunci: kolokial, kuantitas, maksim, pelayananAbstract:This article will describe the maxim of quantity of colloquial use in public service centers. The approach used in this research is a qualitative approach. The data in this research is the use of maxim of quantity in colloquial use based on the appropriate level in an interaction. Sources of data in the study are two examples of public service videos obtained from the YouTube site. Data collection was conducted by using note-taking technique. The data analysis technique used the theory of Miles and Huberman and the flow of data collection, data reduction and conclusion. The results show that the representation of maxim of quantity in colloquial use in public service centers leads to (1) the use of basic words. (2) the use of vowels in a word. (3) the use of the last syllable of a word and (4) the use of consonants in a wordKeywords: colloquial, maxims, quantity, service
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Noge, Maria Desidaria, Maria Patrisia Wau, and Renata Rita Rosana Lado. "PELAKSANAAN PROGRAM BIMBINGAN BELAJAR BAHASA INGGRIS “ENGLISH IS FUN” SEBAGAI CARA UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN BERBICARA ANAK-ANAK DALAM MENGUASAI BAHASA INGGRIS DI SD." Jurnal Abdimas Ilmiah Citra Bakti 1, no. 2 (November 30, 2020): 120–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.38048/jailcb.v1i2.113.
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Kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat yang dilakukan secara berkelompok ini merupakan kegiatan pendampingan yang bertujuan untuk melaksanakan kegiatan bimbingan belajar bahasa Inggris English is Fun sebagai cara untuk meningkatkan kemampuan anak-anak dalam memahami bahasa Inggris. Metode kegiatan pengabdian ini adalah metode ceramah, diskusi, lagu dan permainan, demonstrasi dan unjuk kerja. Hasil kegiatan pengabdian menunjukkan bahwa (1) Pendampingan ini telah mampu menumbuhkan minat dan rasa percaya diri siswa/i di SDI Kolokoa dan semangat yang tinggi dalam mempelajari dan menguasai bahasa Inggris sebagai bahasa internasional. Hal ini tampak dari keantusiasan dan ketekunan peserta kegiatan dalam mengikuti pembelajaran dari awal sampai akhir. (2) Kemampuan siswa/i dalam mempelajari bahasa Inggris terlihat baik. Hal ini ditunjukkan dengan antusiasme dan semangat siswa dalam mempelajari materi yang diberikan. (3) Pihak sekolah yakni kepala sekolah, wakil kepala sekolah dan para guru serta pegawai di SDI Kolokoa sangat antusisas dengan pelaksanaan pendampingan ini. Di sisi lain, kegiatan ini membawa dampak yang sangat signifikan untuk membantu siswa mempelajari dan menguasai bahasa Inggris dengan baik. Tindak lanjut dari pelaksanaan kegiatan ini adalah pelaksanaan bimbingan belajar bahasa Inggris secara terprogram di setiap semester. Berdasarkan hasil kegiatan maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa pelaksanaan bimbingan belajar bahasa Inggris “English is Fun” sebagai cara untuk meningkatkan kemampuan anak-anak dalam memahami bahasa Inggris dapat terlaksana dengan baik.
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Rembiszewska, Dorota Krystyna. "Interdyscyplinarne spotkania naukowe z cyklu "Kolokwia wschodnie". Sprawozdanie." Bibliotekarz Podlaski. Ogólnopolskie Naukowe Pismo Bibliotekoznawcze i Bibliologiczne 45, no. 4 (December 20, 2019): 431–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.36770/bp.238.
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Kenmoe, M. B., and L. C. Fai. "Wei–Norman–Kolokolov approach for Landau–Zener problems." Journal of Physics A: Mathematical and Theoretical 47, no. 46 (October 31, 2014): 465202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1751-8113/47/46/465202.
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Michálek, Zbyněk. "Aktuální otázky současné jazykovědné rusistiky VI – zpráva z kolokvia." Новая русистика, no. 1 (2019): 99–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/nr2019-1-16.
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Vágnerová, Marta. "Sborník příspěvků z brněnského kolokvia k poctě prof. Stanislava Žaži." Новая русистика, no. 2 (2020): 61–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/nr2020-2-7.
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Abassa, K. P., J. Pessinaba, and A. Adeshola Ishola. "Croissance pré-sevrage des agneaux Djallonké au centre de Kolokopé (Togo)." Revue d’élevage et de médecine vétérinaire des pays tropicaux 45, no. 1 (January 1, 1992): 49–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.19182/remvt.8958.
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Des données pondérales prélevées de 1983 à 1985 sur 398 agneaux Djallonké du Centre de Kolokopé (Togo) ont été analysées. Les poids moyens obtenus par la méthode des moindres carrés étaient de 1,69 + ou - 0,08 kg à la naissance, 4,01 + ou - 0,13 kg à 30 jours et 9,64 + ou - 0,27 kg à 120 jours (au sevrage). Les gains moyens quotidiens (GMQ) obtenus par la même méthode étaient estimés à 78,32 + ou - 3,18 g et 57,11 + ou - 1,81 g, respectivement de 0 à 30 jours et de 30 à 120 jours. Les agneaux nés en mars (fin saison sèche - début saison des pluies) et novembre-décembre (début saison sèche) ont été généralement les plus performants. Le type d'agnelage est la cause la plus importante (P < 0,001) de la variabilité phénotypique observée. A l'exception du poids à la naissance, tous les paramètres considérés ont été très influencés (P < 0,001 ou P < 0,01) par l'âge de la mère. Les performances maximales ont été observées chez les agneaux issus des mères de 4 ans. Les agneaux élevés sur parcours naturels ont été moins performants que ceux entretenus sur pâturages améliorés, les écarts étant de 0,45 kg (P < 0,01), 1,04 kg (P < 0,001), 10,46 g (P <0,01) et 5,41 g (P < 0,01), respectivement à 30 jours, 120 jours, de la naissance à 30 jours et de 30 à 120 jours.
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Andriyana, Andriyana, Daroe Iswatiningsih, Jenal Mahmud, Ode Evi Yulianti, and Ton Thi Thuy Trang. "Tiktok Terhadap Variasi Bahasa Kolokial pada Kalangan Remaja Indonesia (kajian Etonolinguistik)." Fon : Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa dan Sastra Indonesia 17, no. 1 (March 27, 2021): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.25134/fjpbsi.v17i1.3957.
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ABSTRAK: Pada saat ini para remaja tidak dapat dilepaskan dari teknologi dan media sosial menjadi wadahnya. Di antaranya, Tiktok saat ini sangat gemari kalangan remaja, karena media sosial ini adalah tempat untuk mereka mengekspresikan dirinya dan juga sebagai tempat untuk berkomunikasi. Terdapat variasi atau ragam bahasa yang ada dalam menggunakan media sosial Tiktok. Keragaman tersebut hadir karena beberapa faktor - faktor sosial dan faktor situasi yang menyebabkan variasi bahasa dalam bermedia sosial Tiktok semakin beragam saat ini. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah analisis pengaruh Tiktok Terhadap Variasi Bahasa Kolokial pada remaja dan teman sejawat. Masalah yang diajukan dalam penelitian ini adalah "Bagaimana pengaruh tiktok pada bahasa kolokial remaja?" dan objek kajian adalah siswa SMA 1 Kejayan Jawa Timur dan Mahasiswa Universitas Kuningan Jawa Barat. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode campuran yaitu pendekatan kuantitatif dan kualitatif. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah varasi bahasa Kolokial yang ditemukan dalam dalam media sosial Tiktok: Anomatope, Pronomina dan Kalimat.KATA KUNCI: sosiolinguistik; variasi bahasa; variasi bahasa kolikial; aplikasi tiktokTiktok Against Colloquial Language Variation among Indonesian Adolescents (Ethnolinguistic Study) ABSTRACT: Nowadays young people cannot be separated from technology and social media. One of the social media platforms that has a major influence on Indonesian teenagers is Tiktok which is currently very popular with young people because this is a place for them to express themselves and also a place to interact with others. There are variants of the existing language and a new language formed when using Tiktok. This linguistic diversity occurs due to a number of social and situational factors that make the language variation on the social network - Tiktok more and more diverse. This research aims to analyze the influence of TikTok on colloquial change in adolescents and their peers. The problem posed in this study is "How does TikTok affect colloquial change among adolescents?" and the study subjects were third-class students on SMA 1 Kejayan East Java and students in Kuningan University, West Java. This research uses mixed methods research, namely quantitative and qualitative approaches. The results of this research are the colloquial variations found on the social network TikTok including onomatopoeia, pronouns, and sentences.KEYWORDS: sociolinguistics, language variation, daily language variation (colicial), TikTok application
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Andriyana, Andriyana, Daroe Iswatiningsih, Jenal Mahmud, Ode Evi Yulianti, and Ton Thi Thuy Trang. "TIKTOK TERHADAP VARIASI BAHASA KOLOKIAL PADA KALANGAN REMAJA INDONESIA (KAJIAN ETONOLINGUISTIK)." Fon: Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa dan Sastra Indonesia 17, no. 1 (June 5, 2021): 34–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.25134/fon.v17i1.4193.
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ABSTRAK: Pada saat ini para remaja tidak dapat dilepaskan dari teknologi dan media sosial menjadi wadahnya. Di antaranya, Tiktok saat ini sangat gemari kalangan remaja, karena media sosial ini adalah tempat untuk mereka mengekspresikan dirinya dan juga sebagai tempat untuk berkomunikasi. Terdapat variasi atau ragam bahasa yang ada dalam menggunakan media sosial Tiktok. Keragaman tersebut hadir karena beberapa faktor - faktor sosial dan faktor situasi yang menyebabkan variasi bahasa dalam bermedia sosial Tiktok semakin beragam saat ini. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah analisis pengaruh Tiktok Terhadap Variasi Bahasa Kolokial pada remaja dan teman sejawat. Masalah yang diajukan dalam penelitian ini adalah "Bagaimana pengaruh tiktok pada bahasa kolokial remaja?" dan objek kajian adalah siswa SMA 1 Kejayan Jawa Timur dan Mahasiswa Universitas Kuningan Jawa Barat. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode campuran yaitu pendekatan kuantitatif dan kualitatif. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah varasi bahasa Kolokial yang ditemukan dalam dalam media sosial Tiktok: Anomatope, Pronomina dan Kalimat.KATA KUNCI: sosiolinguistik; variasi bahasa; variasi bahasa kolikial; aplikasi tiktok Tiktok Against Colloquial Language Variation among Indonesian Adolescents (Ethnolinguistic Study) ABSTRACT: Nowadays young people cannot be separated from technology and social media. One of the social media platforms that has a major influence on Indonesian teenagers is Tiktok which is currently very popular with young people because this is a place for them to express themselves and also a place to interact with others. There are variants of the existing language and a new language formed when using Tiktok. This linguistic diversity occurs due to a number of social and situational factors that make the language variation on the social network - Tiktok more and more diverse. This research aims to analyze the influence of TikTok on colloquial change in adolescents and their peers. The problem posed in this study is "How does TikTok affect colloquial change among adolescents?" and the study subjects were third-class students on SMA 1 Kejayan East Java and students in Kuningan University, West Java. This research uses mixed methods research, namely quantitative and qualitative approaches. The results of this research are the colloquial variations found on the social network TikTok including onomatopoeia, pronouns, and sentences.KEYWORDS: sociolinguistics, language variation, daily language variation (colicial), TikTok application
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Tang, Dingyi, and Anna A. Fedotova. "POLEMIC AROUND A. I. HERZEN IN THE CULTURAL LIFE OF THE 1860-S (BASED ON RUSSIAN JOURNALISM)." World of Russian-speaking Countries 5, no. 3 (2020): 139–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.20323/2658-7866-2020-3-5-139-152.
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The article is devoted to the analysis of the turning point in the perception of late activity of A.I. Herzen by Russian society. The authors note that the sixties of the XIX century are naturally considered the time of decisive changes in the life of Russian society, and in Russian culture their sign was the progressive separation of literary forces according to the ideological principle. The article considers the acute controversy that happened in the cultural life of the 1860s between the London publicist, publications of M. N. Katkov (“Modern Chronicle”, “Russian Herald”) and the newspaper of P. S. Usov “Severnaya pchela." An ideological-free analysis of key articles written during the controversy (“Letter to Katkov and Leontiev”, “Young and Old Russia”, “Journalists and Terrorists” by A. I. Herzen, “Our Foreign réfugiés”, “Note for the publisher of “Kolokol” M. N. Katkov, the forerunner of “Severnaya pchela”, which today are convincingly attributed as belonging to N. S. Leskov), allows you to identify important differences in the socio-cultural positions of representatives of the “conservative” bodies of the domestic press and draw conclusions about copyright strategies for creating journalistic statements. The article draws conclusions about the influence of this controversy on the social and literary fate of writers, it is noted that the controversy with Katkov anticipated a sharp cooling to Herzen of Russian society in the following 1863, when, after the publisher of “Kolokol” supported the Polish uprising, the newspaper's circulation fell sharply to 500 copies, equally significant was the controversy of 1862 for Leskov, whose only beginning literary path almost came to an end as a result of harassment by the “progressive” press, and in the mind of the writer, the name Herzen began to be forever associated with the St. Petersburg fires, the imposing frivolity of revolutionary agitators and the sacrificed lives of young fanatics, which was reflected not only in the subsequent “Herzen” essays of Leskov, but also in his artistic prose. In this regard observations on Leskov's articles are especially relevant, the originality of the early journalism of which still remains a little-studied phenomenon of Russian culture.
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Mboumba, Maïk Delon, Alain Brice Moubissi, Thierry Blanchard Ekogo, Germain Hubert Ben-Bolie, and Timoléon Crépin Kofane. "Variational approach for two-component condensates dynamics with two- and three-body interactions and external feeding." International Journal of Modern Physics B 29, no. 29 (November 13, 2015): 1550202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979215502021.
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We study theoretically and numerically the dynamical behavior of two-component condensates with two- and three-body interactions in variable shape optical lattices and external feeding. By means of the variational approach, the evolution of the condensate amplitudes, widths and number of particles are investigated. The stability of stationary two-component solitons are derived through the Vakhitov–Kolokolov criterion which depends on the cubic and quintic nonlinearities. Direct numerical results of the two coupled Gross–Piteavskii equations (GPEs) which describe the dynamics of the two-component condensates are found to be in good agreement with the analytical predictions.
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Kenmoe, M. B., and L. C. Fai. "Wei–Norman–Kolokolov dual approach for arbitrary spinSin a time-dependent magnetic field." Journal of Physics A: Mathematical and Theoretical 49, no. 3 (December 17, 2015): 035203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1751-8113/49/3/035203.
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Bikicki, Nataša B. "UTICAJ SRPSKIH PREVODNIH EKVIVALENATA NA UOČAVANJE I KRATKOROČNU RETENCIJU ENGLESKIH KOLOKACIJA." Методички видици 11, no. 11 (November 20, 2020): 91. http://dx.doi.org/10.19090/mv.2020.11.91-109.
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Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je da se ispita da li usmeravanje pažnje na kolokacije u novom tekstu pomoću srpskog prevodnog ekvivalenta engleske kolokacije doprinosi njihovom lakšem uočavanju u tekstu u odnosu na tehniku povezivanja ponuđenih engleskih kolokata pre obrade teksta ili čitanja i samostalnog uočavanja svih kolokacija u tekstu. Drugi cilj bio je da se ispita da li način usmeravanja pažnje na kolokacije u novom tekstu pomoću srpskog prevodnog ekvivalenta doprinosi boljoj kratkoročnoj retenciji novih kolokacija. Rezultati kvantitativnog istraživanja u kom je učestvovalo 32 ispitanika i u kom je analizirano 7 kolokacija tipa glagol imenica su pokazali da prevodni ekvivalent nema veći uticaj na uočavanje, kao ni na kratkoročnu retenciju kolokacija u odnosu na druga dva ispitivana načina.
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Missohou, A., Bassirou Bonfoh, and A. K. Kadanga. "Le mouton Djallonké à Kolokopé (Togo) : paramètres de reproduction des brebis et viabilité des agneaux." Revue d’élevage et de médecine vétérinaire des pays tropicaux 51, no. 1 (January 1, 1998): 63–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.19182/remvt.9654.
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Ce travail qui avait pour objet d'étudier les performances de reproduction des brebis et la viabilité des agneaux Djallonké au Centre d'appui technique de Kolokopé (Togo) a porté sur 163 brebis et 4 503 agneaux. Les données ont été collectées de 1984 à 1994. L'âge à la première mise bas (APMB) était de 595,8 + ou - 15,7 j (19,5 mois) pour un intervalle entre mises bas (IMB) de 304 + ou - 8,2 j (10 mois). La taille de la portée et le taux annuel de prolificité étaient respectivement de 1,31 + ou - 0,02 et de 1,57 agneau par brebis. Le taux de mortalité avant sevrage était de 11,7 %. L'APMB était significativement influencé par l'année (p < 0,001), la saison de naissance (p < 0,05) et le type d'agnelage (p < 0,05). Quant à l'IMB, il était significativement affecté par l'année (p < 0,001), la saison (p < 0,001) et le type d'agnelage (p < 0,05). Le taux de mortalité présevrage était significativement affecté par l'année (p < 0,001) et le type de naissance (p < 0,001).
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Medovarov, Maksim. "An unknown page from the history of the orthodox press: the project of founding the newspaper ''Kolokol dukhovny'' (1898–1899)." St.Tikhons' University Review 100 (June 30, 2021): 47–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.15382/sturii2021100.47-65.
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Zloshchastiev, Konstantin G. "Stability and Metastability of Trapless Bose-Einstein Condensates and Quantum Liquids." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung A 72, no. 7 (July 26, 2017): 677–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zna-2017-0134.
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AbstractVarious kinds of Bose-Einstein condensates are considered, which evolve without any geometric constraints or external trap potentials including gravitational. For studies of their collective oscillations and stability, including the metastability and macroscopic tunneling phenomena, both the variational approach and the Vakhitov-Kolokolov (VK) criterion are employed; calculations are done for condensates of an arbitrary spatial dimension. It is determined that that the trapless condensate described by the logarithmic wave equation is essentially stable, regardless of its dimensionality, while the trapless condensates described by wave equations of a polynomial type with respect to the wavefunction, such as the Gross-Pitaevskii (cubic), cubic-quintic, and so on, are at best metastable. This means that trapless “polynomial” condensates are unstable against spontaneous delocalization caused by fluctuations of their width, density and energy, leading to a finite lifetime.
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Nguyen, Cuong Duy, Khoa Xuan Dinh, Van Long Cao, Trippenbach M., Thuan Dinh Bui, and Thuy Thanh Do. "Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking of Solitons Trapped in a Double-Gauss Potentials." Communications in Physics 28, no. 4 (December 27, 2018): 301. http://dx.doi.org/10.15625/0868-3166/28/4/13195.
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We consider an extended model of the model considered before with double-square potential, namely one-dimensional (1D) nonlinear Schrödinger equation (NLSE) with self-focusing nonlinearity and a 1D double-gauss potential. Spontaneous symmetry breaking has been presented in terms of the control parameter which is propagation constant in the case of optics and chemical potential in the of Bose-Einstein Condensate (BEC), correspondingly. The numerical simulations predict a bifurcation breaking the symmetry of 1D trapped in the double-gauss potential of the supercritical type as in the case of double-square potential. Furthermore we have constructed bifurcation diagrams considering the stability of solitons with three methods: the method using Vakhitov–Kolokolov (V-K) Stability Criterion, Pseudospectral Method and Method for Linear-Stability Eigenvalues. It will be shown that for our model the results obtained are the same for these three methods but the third one is the fastest.
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Uzobo, Endurance, J. Undutimi Dudafa, and Stanley Ebitare Boroh. "Food insecurity and depression among single mothers in Kolokuma/Opokuma Local Government Area of Bayelsa State, Nigeria." African Research Review 11, no. 1 (February 27, 2017): 75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/afrrev.v11i1.6.
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Ahadji-Dabla, Koffi Mensah, Adjovi Djifa Amoudji, Seth Wolali Nyamador, Georges Yawo Apétogbo, Joseph Chabi, Isabelle Adolé Glitho, and Guillaume Koffivi Ketoh. "High Levels of Knockdown Resistance in Anopheles coluzzii and Anopheles gambiae (Diptera: Culicidae), Major Malaria Vectors in Togo, West Africa: A 2011 Monitoring Report." Journal of Medical Entomology 56, no. 4 (March 29, 2019): 1159–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jme/tjz030.
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Abstract A survey of susceptibility to DDT, deltamethrin, bendiocarb, and chlorpyrifos-methyl was conducted in five localities in 2011 in Togo, West Africa, to assess the insecticide resistance status of Anopheles gambiae s.l. (Diptera: Culicidae). Female populations of An. gambaie s.l. emerged from collected larvae (F0) were exposed to insecticide-impregnated papers using World Health Organization test kits for adult mosquitoes; the susceptible reference strain Kisumu was used as a control. Resistance to DDT and deltamethrin was observed within the mosquito populations tested. Anopheles gambiae s.s. and Anopheles coluzzii represented the only species recorded in the study sites. The frequency of knockdown resistance (kdr L1014F) mutation determined using polymerase chain reaction diagnostic tests was lower in An. gambiae than in An. coluzzii in all of the localities except Kolokopé. Further investigations of An. gambiae s.l. resistance are needed in Togo to help the National Malaria Control Programme in vector control decision making and implementation of resistance management strategy.
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Berkolaiko, Gregory, Andrew Comech, and Alim Sukhtayev. "Vakhitov–Kolokolov and energy vanishing conditions for linear instability of solitary waves in models of classical self-interacting spinor fields." Nonlinearity 28, no. 3 (January 30, 2015): 577–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0951-7715/28/3/577.
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Ketoh, Guillaume K., Koffi M. Ahadji-Dabla, Joseph Chabi, Adjovi D. Amoudji, Georges Y. Apetogbo, Fantchè Awokou, and Isabelle A. Glitho. "Efficacy of two PBO long lasting insecticidal nets against natural populations of Anopheles gambiae s.l. in experimental huts, Kolokopé, Togo." PLOS ONE 13, no. 7 (July 11, 2018): e0192492. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0192492.
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Afriandi, Mohamad Dedy, Julita Susanti, and Novel Doktrine Mawa. "VARIASI BAHASA SLANG PADA KOMUNITAS NARKOBA DI DESA MOJOPURO WETAN BUNGAH GRESIK." SASTRANESIA: Jurnal Program Studi Pendidikan Bahasa dan Sastra Indonesia 8, no. 2 (June 29, 2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.32682/sastranesia.v8i1.1444.
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Variasi bahasa merupakan fenomena kebahasaan yang muncul akibat adanya penggunaan bahasa dalam konteks sosial yang berbeda. Banyak variasi bahasa, salah satunya adalah variasi bahasa berkenaan dengan tingkat golongan, status, dan kelas sosial para penuturnya. Variasi bahasa ini, diantaranya akrolek, basilek, vulgar, slang, kolokial, jargon, argot, dan ken. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk (1) mendeskripsikan bentuk variasi bahasa slang pada komunitas narkoba di Desa Mojopuro Wetan Bungah Gresik (2) mendeskripsikan makna variasi bahasa slang pada komunitas narkoba di Desa Mojopuro Wetan Bungah Gresik. Dalam penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian kualitatif. Sebab, dalam penelitian ini data yang diteliti berupa kata-kata yang merupakan bahasa slang. Data dalam penelitian ini kata-kata slang yang digunakan oleh komunitas narkoba. Sedangkan pencatatan sumber data data utama melalui sadap dan pengamatan berperan serta merupakan hasil usaha gabungan dari kegiatan melihat, mendengar, dan bertanya. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan metode simak dan metode cakap, untuk memeriksa keabsahan data peneliti menggunakan triangulasi waktu Hasil penelitian ini yang diperoleh adalah bahasa slang pada komunitas narkoba yang digunakan oleh anggota komunitas tersebut. Adapun pada bahasa slang tersebut berbentuk akronim, singkatan, dan kosa kata serba baru dan berubah-ubah, serta mengandung makna referensial.
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RUIZ LÓPEZ, Miguel Ángel. "La impugnación jurisdiccional de las relaciones de puestos de trabajo." RVAP 96, no. 96 (August 30, 2013): 229–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.47623/ivap-rvap.96.2013.06.
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LABURPENA: Lanpostu-zerrenden araubide juridikoa aztertzen da eta, bereziki, administrazioarekiko auzien jurisdikzioan inpugnazio jurisdikzionala jartzeko araubidea. Auzitegi Gorenaren jurisprudentziak aldarrikatua du langileak antolatzeko instrumentu horiek xedapen orokorren kategorian sartu behar liratekeela, prozesuen ondorioetarako besterik ez bada. Alabaina, berez, sui generis egintza administratiboak dira juridikoki. Bere kalifikazio juridikoaren eta inpugnazio-araubidearen arteko urruntasunak koloka handia eragiten du, eta, orotara, segurtasun juridikoan zalantzak pizten ditu. RESUMEN: Se analiza el régimen jurídico de las relaciones de puestos de trabajo y, en especial, su régimen de impugnación jurisdiccional ante la jurisdicción contencioso-administrativa. La jurisprudencia del Tribunal Supremo viene proclamando la asimilación de dichos instrumento de ordenación del personal a la categoría de las disposiciones generales, a los exclusivos efectos procesales. Sin embargo, su verdadera naturaleza jurídica es la de actos administrativos sui generis. La discordancia entre su calificación jurídica y el régimen de impugnación produce importantes desajustes que en su conjunto provocan un ambiente de inseguridad jurídica. ABSTRACT: It is analyzed the legal regime of the lists of job positions and specially its regime of judicial review before the administrative courts. The Supreme Court’s case law has proclaimed the assimilation of those instruments of organization to the category of general provisions just for exclusive procedural purposes. However, its true legal nature is that of sui generis administrative acts. The discrepancy between its legal definition and the regime of review creates important imbalances which as a whole provokes legal uncertainty.
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Babichev, Dmitriy A. "JUDICIAL CONTROL IN ENSURING THE LEGALITY AND VALIDITY OF DECISIONS TAKEN BY OPERATIONAL UNITS OF INTERNAL AFFAIRS BODIES." RUDN Journal of Law 24, no. 2 (December 15, 2020): 389–409. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2313-2337-2020-24-2-389-409.
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The article examines the features of judicial control in ensuring the legality and va- lidity of decisions made by operational units of internal affairs bodies. The relevance of the work is determined by an attempt to improve the legal mechanisms for the implementation of judicial control in the above-mentioned area based on the study of judicial practice, as well as legal conflicts and gaps in the current operational search legislation. The subject of the study is the system of control powers of the court: 1) verification of the legality and validity of decisions of the operational unit to conduct certain operational search activities by granting permission to the court to conduct them; 2) checking the legality and validity of decisions of the operational unit to conduct certain operational search activities according to their urgent (emergent) conduct; 3) checking the legality and validity of decisions of the operational unit to carry out operational search activities on citizens' complaints. The purpose of this work is to study the essential characteristics of the control powers of the court in ensuring the legality and validity of decisions made by operational divisions of internal affairs bodies. The methodology of the research is based on the General scientific dialectical method of cognition and the scientific methods that follow from it: system, logical, comparative legal analysis, statistical, special legal, and others. The theoretical basis of the research rests on the scientific works of V. V. Abramochkin, V. A. Azarov, Yu. M. Groshevii, S. V. Eskov, N. S. Zheleznyak, V. I. Ivanov, Ch.M. Ismailov, N. A. Kolokolov, E. L. Nkitin, I. A. Odnoshevin, R. H. Rakhimzoda, A. I. Tambovtsev, A. N. Khalikov, I. D. Shatokhin and other authoritative scientists who have made a significant contribution to the solution of doctrinal and applied problems of judicial control in the field of operational search activity. As a result of scientific analysis of judicial practice and legal literature, the author proposes a number of legal tools that affect the court's assessment of the legality and validity of operational search decisions on conducting intrusive OSM, and identifies legal conflicts that require delicate study and technical elimination. In addition, it is argued that amendments to the provisions of the Federal Law On Operational Search Activities aimed at preempting precedents for recognizing evidence obtained during the OSM in cases that cant be delayed and may lead to a serious or particularly serious crime are unacceptable. The results of the study can be used in law enforcement practice of subjects of operational search activity, judges, authorized prosecutors, as well as in scientific work when analyzing problems of judicial control in the field of operational search activity.
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SUHENDAR, NANANG. "RAGAM BAHASA DI KECAMATAN PAKISJAYA KABUPATEN KARAWANG (Kajian Sosiolinguistik)." LOKABASA 7, no. 1 (April 25, 2016): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.17509/jlb.v7i1.3407.
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AbstrakPenelitian ini dilatarbelakangi adanya ragam bahasa yang hidup di masyarakat Kecamatan Pakisjaya Kabupaten Karawang. Pakisjaya berada di perbatasan antara Kabupaten Bekasi dan laut Jawa yang masyarakatnya heterogen baik dalam masalah bahasa maupun budayanya. Penelitian ini mempunyai tujuan untuk mengetahui ragam bahasa yang dipakai oleh masyarakat Pakisjaya yang memakai dua bahasa yaitu bahasa Betawi dan bahasa Sunda, alih kode apa saja yang dipakai sebagai pengaruh dari adanya pemakaian dua bahasa tersebut, campur kode apa saja yang dipakai sebagai pengarh dari pemakaian dua bahasa tersebut, dan faktor apa saja yang mempengaruhi adanya ragam bahasa yang hidup di masyarakat Pakisjaya menggunakan kajian Sosiolinguistik. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan teknik deskriptif. Sumber data dalam penelitian ini yaitu ragam bahasa yang dipakai masyarakat Pakisjaya yang terdiri dari tujuh profesi sebagai wakil lapisan sosial masyarakatnya. Teknik pengambilan data yang dipakai yaitu wawancara dan observasi langsung. Ada beberapa instrumen yang dipakai dalam penelitian ini diantaranya kamera, alat perekam, dan pedoman wawancara. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ada enam ragam bahasa yang dipakai masyarakat Pakisjaya diantaranya ragam bahasa akrolek, basilek, kolokial, argot, slang, dan jargon. Kemudian alih kode yang ada yaitu alih kode intern terdiri dari peralihan kode bahasa Sunda ke bahasa Betawi. Sedangkan campur kode yang ada yaitu campur kode ke dalam terdiri dari bercampurnya bahasa Betawi dengan kata bahasa Sunda sebagai akibat dari penggunaan bahasa Betawi dan bahasa Sunda dalam komunikasi sehari-hari. Terakhir ada dua faktor yang menyebabkan adanya ragam bahasa yaitu karena lektak geografis Pakisjaya sebagai daerah perbatasan dan ragam bahasa diperlukan masyarakat sebagai media penyaluran bahasa dalam komunikasi, misalnya dalam komunikasi profesi dan komunitas. Kesimpulannya ragam bahasa sanggat memberi manfaat bagi masyarakat untuk saling memahami bahasa satu dengan lainnya terutama untuk daerah yang heterogen. Abstrak This research is based on the varieties of languages that exist in society, especially in Pakisjaya district Karawang regency. Pakisjaya is laid in the border of Bekasi Regency and Java Ocean. The language and culture is heterogenic. This study is aimed to collect the varieties of languages that is used by Pakisjaya residents. They use two kinds of languages: Betawi and Sundanese. This research used qualitative method with descriptive technique. Data source in this research is the varieties of languages that is used by Pakisjaya people which consist of seven professions as representative of society. The technique of collecting data is interview and obvious observation. There are some instruments that become supporting units to sustain this research; they are camera, sound recorder, and interview manual. Based on the result of research there are six varieties of languages that is used by Pakisjaya people they are; Akrolect, Basilect, colloquial, Argot, Slang, and Jargon. Furthermore, the code switching covers internal code consisting of the transfer from Sundanese to Betawi. In addition, code mixing covers the mixing of Betawi and Sundanese since there is an influence of both languages in the daily conversation. Lastly, there are two factors that affect language varieties. First, it is the geographical factor of Pakisjaya as a border area. Second, it is language varieties needed by people as language platform media in communication, such as in occupation and community. The research concludes that language varieties is beneficial for the society to understand each language to another language especially for heterogenic area.
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Kobzev, Artem I. "The First Interpretations of the Yi-jing in the West and in Russia." Voprosy Filosofii, no. 5 (2021): 182–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.21146/0042-8744-2021-5-182-198.
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The Yi-jing易經(Canon of Changes), or Zhou yi周易(All-Encompassing Cyclical Changes of the Zhou [era]), is “the book of books” of Chinese culture, which is also claimed to be the primary source of binary numeration, first described in the West by Leibniz. He was always interested in China, familiar with the binary code of tri and hexagrams (gua) of the Yi-jing and acknowledged its mythical creator, the ancestor emperor Fuxi, as the discoverer of binary arithmetic, and himself – as the one who found it again after four thousand years. At present, historical data do not allow us making an accurate conclusion about the dependence or independence of this outstanding discovery in Europe from the Chinese prototype. The time of the penetration of the initial information about the Yi-jing into Europe is still hidden by a veil of secrecy. The lack of a message about it in the book of Marco Polo is one of its mysteries. At the same time in the Mediterranean area traces of acquaintance with the Yi-jing studies are visible in such cultural phenomena as astrology and alchemy, Kabbalah and the teachings of Ramon Llull, sextine and hexachord. The beginning of the European study of the Yi-jing was laid by Jesuit missionaries who arrived in China at theend of the 16th century. Among them, by the end of the 17 th century, a whole trend of “Yi-jingists” or “figuralists” was formed. They saw Yi-jing as the Chinese Bible, embodying the original Divine Revelation in the form of the kabbalistic “figures” of the gua and being an expression of the common, sacred and antediluvian “hieroglyphic science” of the ancient world, that is, “Metaphysics of numbers, or general scientific method”, “containing all other knowledge”. Apparentlythe first information in Russia about the Yi-jing was published by the first Russiansinologist, German historian and philologist-polyglot G. (Th.) S. Bayer in the two-volume Museum Sinicum (Petersburg, 1730) in Latin. In Russian the primary in -formation about Yi-jing became available to the reader half a century later owing to the coryphaeus of Russian sinology of the 18th century Aleksei L. Leontiev. In 1782 he published an illustrated and commented translation of a fragment from Yi-jing (named Convenient Base) as an appendix to his translation of the Manchu text of the Statutes of the Great Qing (大清會典Dai-Qing hui-dian). Leontiev mentioned the French abbot who visited St. Petersburg in 1769 as the initiator of his appeal to the Yi-jing, but did not indicate his name. Petr E. Skachkov (1892–1964) agreed with Vsevolod S. Kolokolov (1896–1979) that this abbot was the famous French Jesuit missionary and versatile scientist Antoine Gaubil (1689–1759). However, he died ten years earlier. Most likely the interlocutor of Leontiev was a well-known theologian and economist-physiocrat, French abbot Nicolas Baudeau (1730–1792), who held confidential negotiations with Catherine IIin 1769 in St. Petersburg in connection with the situation in Poland. The secrecy of this mission on the eve of the first partition of Poland fully explains the concealment of his name in 1782 when he was still alive and preparing the second partition of Poland. Apparently, a look at the Yi-jing of the French enlighteners184 and physiocrats, expressed by F. Quesnay (1694–1774) and reported by Baudeauto Leontiev prompted him to link the ancient canon with Statutes of the Great Qing. Vasilii P. Vasiliev (1818–1900) expressed a number of original thoughts about the Yi-jing, which may have influenced the creation of his graphic system of Chinese characters and Mendeleev periodic table. Yulian K. Shchutsky (1897–1938), the first Russian researcher who specially studied the Yi-jing and wrote an extensive monograph about it, strangely ignored the statements of his domestic predecessors, but his innovative approach anticipated the neo-mystic Jungian tendency in Western interpretations of the Canon in the 20 th century. Due to the psychologization and aestheticization of the Yi-jing sanctified by world authorities in this field, after the Second World War this neo-mysticism penetrated the mass Western culture which repeated the initial success prepared by figuralists three centuries earlier on a new level and larger scale.
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Musatov, R. L., and E. M. Khalatov. "CONSTRUCTIVE FEATURES OF A DRIVE SYSTEM OF A DIVING BELL PULLING-AND-RUNNING DEVICE." Spravochnik. Inzhenernyi zhurnal, 2015, 50–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.14489/hb.2015.04.pp.050-056.
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"Report on Kolokol Group (Russia)." Scientific Event Alert Network Bulletin 12, no. 4 (1987). http://dx.doi.org/10.5479/si.gvp.sean198704-290120.
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Ciesielski, Marek. "Kolokwia habilitacyjne w naukach o zarządzaniu." Przegląd Organizacji, December 31, 2011, 3–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.33141/po.2011.12.01.
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Artykuł stanowi uzupełnienie wcześniejszej publikacji dotyczącej podstawowych problemów związanych z rozprawami habilitacyjnymi w naukach o zarządzaniu. Autor uzupełnił rozważania o kwestie związane z kolokwiami habilitacyjnymi. Sformułował dziesięć obserwacji dotyczących dominującego podejścia zauważanego na radach naukowych w obszarze nauk o zarządzaniu.
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Kolokolov, I. V., and V. V. Lebedev. "Velocity statistics inside coherent vortices generated by the inverse cascade of 2-D turbulence." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 809 (November 15, 2016). http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2016.699.
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We analyse velocity fluctuations inside coherent vortices generated as a result of the inverse cascade in the two-dimensional (2-D) turbulence in a finite box. As we demonstrated in Kolokolov & Lebedev (Phys. Rev. E, vol. 93, 2016, 033104), the universal velocity profile, established in Laurie et al. (Phys. Rev. Lett., vol. 113, 2014, 254503), corresponds to the passive regime of the flow fluctuations. This property enables one to calculate correlation functions of the velocity fluctuations in the universal region. We present the results of the calculations that demonstrate a non-trivial scaling of the structure function. In addition the calculations reveal strong anisotropy of the structure function.
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"Pásmo z kolokvia Filosofického ústavu Akademie věd ČR s tématem: Jak psát o starší filosofii?" Aither 1, no. 2 (September 30, 2009): 149–235. http://dx.doi.org/10.5507/aither.2009.015.
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*, Muhandis. "RELASI BAHASA ARAB DENGAN STRATA SOSIAL MASYARAKAT DAN IMPLIKASINYA TERHADAP KEHIDUPAN SOSIAL, EKONOMI, POLITIK DAN AGAMA (Kajian Sosiolinguistik Pada Masyarakat Tutur Arab Keturunan di Kelurahan Kauman Pekalongan Timur)." JURNAL PENELITIAN 10, no. 2 (March 26, 2014). http://dx.doi.org/10.28918/jupe.v10i2.366.
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This study is categorized as sociolinguistic studies and used language variation theory based on social ranks -- they are: Akrolek, Basilek, Vulgar, Kolokial -- and interactional theory which is a process of interaction that build, maintain, and change certain habits in language and symbols. Listening, speaking, and Noting were used to collect data. unified and apportion analysis method were used to analyze data. The results were: (1) the existence of social rank within the Arab community in Kauman descent was: (a) Cleric group. They were entitled Al-Jufri, Al- Hadad, Al-Ethiopia, Yahya, Shihab, Bawazier and so forth; (b) Masayikh group. They were fam Bafadhal, Bahomaid, Baraja, Baharmi (Baharmus), Bawazir, Basyu'aibn, Bamozaham, Ba'abad, bin Khatib, Bin Zabdah, Basalamah; and (c) Ghabili group. Those who holds Bashir, Baswedan, Sungkar, Abud, Alkatiri, Badjubier, Bafadhal, and so forth. The existence of regional variations of low and high diversity of languages based on social strata, for example قهار Gahar (angry), حريم Harim (wife), Sir سر (the streets) is a slang vocabulary that includes a low range of languages. If they were categorized in the high language using word غضبان, قرينة , and .أمشى The mention of the word pilgrims for Arabs descent, call ahlul wathan for the Javanese and Chinese descent Baodeh for socially showed no difference in social status between the Javanese and Arab descent on one side, and The Chinese descent on the other side. Regional variations of low and high diversity of languages based on their economic status, usually rich people are often invoked as 'Royyes' ( ريس ) which has the meaning of the aristocracy, including the diversity of languages is low while the high diversity of languages is صاحب الجلالة . Low variation in the range of political language is the word Haromi ( حرمى ) which is Arabic kolokial have meaning 'thief' or 'Corruptor' high variety of Arabic word 'Corruptor' using the word 'Mukhtalis ( مختلس )' is not a word Harami and DEFA Rijal ( دفع رجال ) is low in Arabic has the meaning of 'Builders Bribery' and the diversity of languages is high or fushah 'Rasyi' راشى
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Xie, Qiongtao. "Exact solutions for bright and dark solitons in spatially inhomogeneous nonlinearity." Open Physics 12, no. 12 (January 1, 2014). http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/s11534-014-0517-0.
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AbstractWe present exact analytical results for bright and dark solitons in a type of one-dimensional spatially inhomogeneous nonlinearity. We show that the competition between a homogeneous self-defocusing (SDF) nonlinearity and a localized self-focusing (SF) nonlinearity supports stable fundamental bright solitons. For a specific choice of the nonlinear parameters, exact analytical solutions for fundamental bright solitons have been obtained. By applying both variational approximation and Vakhitov-Kolokolov stability criterion, it is found that exact fundamental bright solitons are stable. Our analytical results are also confirmed numerically. Additionally, we show that a homogeneous SF nonlinearity modulated by a localized SF nonlinearity allows the existence of exact dark solitons, for certain special cases of nonlinear parameters. By making use of linear stability analysis and direct numerical simulation, it is found that these exact dark solitons are linearly unstable.
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"Pásmo z kolokvia Filosofického ústavu Akademie věd ČR s tématem: Proč se dnes zabývat antickou a středověkou filosofií?" Aither 1, no. 1 (March 30, 2009): 77–116. http://dx.doi.org/10.5507/aither.2009.007.
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"Pásmo z kolokvia Filosofického ústavu Akademie věd ČR s tématem: Filosof jako zoon politikon? Role filosofie a filosofů v předmoderních společnostech." Aither 2, no. 3 (March 30, 2010): 125–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.5507/aither.2010.007.
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Roy, Sima, and A. P. Misra. "Stability and evolution of electromagnetic solitons in relativistic degenerate laser plasmas." Journal of Plasma Physics 86, no. 6 (December 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022377820001452.
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The dynamical behaviours of electromagnetic (EM) solitons formed due to nonlinear interaction of linearly polarized intense laser light and relativistic degenerate plasmas are studied. In the slow-motion approximation of relativistic dynamics, the evolution of weakly nonlinear EM envelope is described by the generalized nonlinear Schrödinger (GNLS) equation with local and nonlocal nonlinearities. Using the Vakhitov–Kolokolov criterion, the stability of an EM soliton solution of the GNLS equation is studied. Different stable and unstable regions are demonstrated with the effects of soliton velocity, soliton eigenfrequency, as well as the degeneracy parameter $R=p_{Fe}/m_ec$ , where $p_{Fe}$ is the Fermi momentum and $m_e$ the electron mass and $c$ is the speed of light in vacuum. It is found that the stability region shifts to an unstable one and is significantly reduced as one enters from the regimes of weakly relativistic $(R\ll 1)$ to ultrarelativistic $(R\gg 1)$ degeneracy of electrons. The analytically predicted results are in good agreement with the simulation results of the GNLS equation. It is shown that the standing EM soliton solutions are stable. However, the moving solitons can be stable or unstable depending on the values of soliton velocity, the eigenfrequency or the degeneracy parameter. The latter with strong degeneracy $(R>1)$ can eventually lead to soliton collapse.
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Pitkänen-Heikkilä, Kaarina. "Tiedesanaston suomentamista koskevat normit." Virittäjä 122, no. 4 (December 20, 2018). http://dx.doi.org/10.23982/vir.57006.
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Artikkeli tarkastelee eläintaksonomisen sanaston kehittämistä suomen kieleen 1800-luvulla. 1800-luvun sanastotyötä tarkastellaan käyttäen aineistona kolmeatoista julkaistua tietokirjaa vuosilta 1856–1881. Tutkimuksessa hyödynnetään myös niiden arvosteluja sekä kääntäjien ja kirjoittajien esipuheita ja kirjeenvaihtoa. Pohjatekstien ja käännösten sekä vieraskielisten termien ja niiden suomennosten vertailu tuovat esiin sanastonkehittäjien työssä vaikuttaneet normit. Myös oheistekstit kertovat näistä konventioista ja varsinkin siitä, kuinka hyvin kääntäjät itse tiedostivat ne. Kirjeenvaihto paljastaa yhteistyöverkostot ja avaa kirjoitusprosessia, kun taas kirja-arviot kertovat teosten ja niiden sanaston saamasta vastaanotosta.
Artikkelissa myös verrataan eläintieteellisessä sanastonkehittelyssä 1800-luvulla vaikuttaneita normeja 2000-luvun alun laajaan sanastoprojektiin, jossa nisäkäsnimistö sai runsaasti uusia nimiä ja jolloin myös monia vanhoja nimiä muutettiin. Tutkimus osoittaa, että sanaston aukkojen täyttämisen keinot olivat 1800-luvun tietokirjatyössä melko erilaiset kuin 2000-luvun nimistöhankkeessa. Uudet keinot ovat johtaneet usein läpinäkymättömiin termeihin: käännöslainojen (esim. imettävät eläimet < ruots. däggande djur) sijaan suositaan lainasanoja (esim. kolokolot < engl. colocolos), ja yhdistämisen ja johtamisen sijaan on käytetty runsaasti uudenlaisia sananmuodostuskeinoja, muun muassa lyhentämistä (häntähekot ← pitkähäntähedelmälepakot) ja kontaminaatioita (jyystiäiset ← jyrsijäpäästäiset). 2000-luvun sanastotyössä vaikuttaneita normeja tarkastellaan nisäkäsnimistötoimikunnan omien periaatteiden ja toteutuneen työn lisäksi siinä laajassa keskustelussa, jota käytiin vuodesta 2008 alkaen niin Luonnontieteellisen keskusmuseon verkkosivustolla kuin lehdistössäkin.
Artikkeli osoittaa, että osa sanastotyötä ohjaavista käytänteistä on sellaisia, jotka ovat vaikuttaneet työhön 1800-luvulla ja vaikuttavat nykyisinkin. Aiheita, jotka ovat puhuttaneet sekä varhaisnykysuomen ajalla että nykyisessä digisuomen ajassa, ovat vakiintuneisuus, vierasperäisyys, läpinäkyvyys, loogisuus, selkeys, taksonominen systemaattisuus ja sanastotyön tekijän asiantuntijuus. Artikkeli osoittaa, että tietokirjojen kirjoittajien ja suomentajien valinnat ovat merkittäviä erikoisalan sanastotyölle ja että tieteellisellä sanastolla ja sen suomentamisella on oma normistonsa. Normeista poikkeaminen voi herättää laajan julkisen keskustelun, kuten kävi kymmenen vuotta sitten.
Norms in the translation of scientific vocabulary into Finnish: The development of zoological vocabulary in the 19th and 21st centuries
The article examines the development of zoological vocabulary in Finnish and norms influencing the formation of scientific vocabulary, particularly during the 19th century. By examining 13 non-fiction books published between 1856 and 1881 and their associated source texts, the article explores the translation and development of scientific vocabulary within the discipline of zoology. In addition, this vocabulary-developing project is explained using paratexts: book reviews, forewords by writers or translators, and correspondence between actors. The comparison of source and target texts reveals the many solutions that authors and translators have employed and the conventions they have absorbed. These paratexts reveal norms and conventions, as well as translators’ awareness of these norms. The correspondence between actors reveals collaboration networks and opens up the word formation process, whereas book reviews provide much information about how readers received such new vocabularies.
The vocabulary project in 19th-century zoology is here compared to the reformation of Finnish mammal nomenclature at the beginning of the 21st century. This study demonstrates that the methods of filling the vocabulary gaps in the scientific Finnish of the 21st century differ conclusively from the methods used in the 19th century. During the 19th century, loan translations (e.g. imettävät eläimet < Swed. däggande djur) were typical, and new words were formed transparently, primarily by compounding and deriving from existing domestic material. Contrastingly, the vocabulary creation methods of the 21st century have produced words that are more opaque: loan words (e.g. kolokolot < Engl. colocolos) have been formed instead of loan translations and semantically unclear abbreviations (häntähekot ← pitkähäntähedelmälepakot), and blends (jyystiäiset ← jyrsijä-päästäiset) have been formed alongside many miscible compounds and derivations.
The comparison of paratexts shows that the same subjects were discussed in the period of early modern Finnish as during the current days of modern Finnish. The discussion makes many norms visible, e.g. the establishment, transparency, logicality, clarity, taxonomical systematicity and expertism of authors and translators. Vocabulary must be understandable, clear and transparent; logicality and taxonomical systematicity are also required. Established vocabulary should be retained. The developers of scientific vocabularies require expertise in both the source language and the subject field.
The article demonstrates that, with regard to special vocabulary, authors’ and translators’ choices are significant, and the translation of scientific vocabulary has norms of its own – and can therefore lead to broad public discussion.