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Journal articles on the topic 'Kohlrabi'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Sathasivam, Ramaraj, Min Cheol Kim, Hyeon Ji Yeo, Bao Van Nguyen, Soo In Sohn, Sang Un Park, and Joonyup Kim. "Accumulation of Phenolic Compounds and Glucosinolates in Sprouts of Pale Green and Purple Kohlrabi (Brassica oleracea var. gongylodes) under Light and Dark Conditions." Agronomy 11, no. 10 (September 27, 2021): 1939. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11101939.

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Kohlrabi is considered an important dietary vegetable worldwide. In this study, we investigated the growth and accumulation of phenolic compounds (PCs) and glucosinolates in sprouts of pale green and purple kohlrabi (Brassica oleracea var. gongylodes) in response to light and dark conditions. Pale green kohlrabi presented high fresh weight and root length irrespective of light treatment, whereas under dark conditions, it presented higher fresh weight and shoot length than purple kohlrabi. In contrast, the root length of both kohlrabies increased markedly under light conditions compared to that under dark conditions. Thirteen PCs and eight glucosinolates were detected and quantified in 10-day-old pale green and purple kohlrabies. In both kohlrabies, the individual and total phenolic levels were much higher under the light treatment than under the dark treatment. Under light and dark conditions, the total phenolic content was 6362.13 and 5475.04 µg/g dry weight in the pale green kohlrabi, respectively, whereas in the purple kohlrabi, it was 10,115.76 and 9361.74 µg/g dry weight, respectively. Dark conditions favored higher accumulation of glucosinolates than light conditions. Progoitrin, neoglucobrassicin, glucoerucin, and 4-methoxyglucobrassicin were the predominant glucosinolates in both kohlrabies and were present in much higher amounts in the pale green kohlrabi. In pale green kohlrabi under dark conditions, the total glucosinolates content was 4.75 and 2.62 times higher than that of the purple kohlrabi under light and dark conditions, respectively. Among individual glucosinolates, in the pale green kohlrabi under the dark condition, progoitrin was found to have the highest content, which was 90.28 and 54.51 times higher than that in the purple kohlrabi under light and dark conditions, respectively. These results show that the phenolic and glucosinolates levels varied widely, and these variations between the two types of kohlrabi under both light and dark conditions were significant. Our findings suggest that light and dark conditions enhance the accumulation of PCs and glucosinolates, respectively, during the development of kohlrabi seedlings.

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2

Gawęda, Maria, and Zofia Nizioł-Łukaszewska. "Quality of kohlrabi stems (Brassica oleracea var. gongylodes L.) kept in cold storage." Folia Horticulturae 23, no. 2 (January 1, 2011): 107–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10245-011-0016-3.

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Quality of kohlrabi stems (Brassica oleracea var. gongylodes L.) kept in cold storage Two green kohlrabi cultivars, ‘White Delikates’ and ‘Korist’ F1, were kept in cold storage at a temperature of 2°C and a relative humidity of 95%. Natural mass losses were measured at monthly intervals and dry matter content, soluble sugars, L-ascorbic acid and isothiocyanates were analysed. During five months of storage, very low losses of kohlrabi mass were detected. The decrease in dry matter during that time was between 15 and 18%. After a brief increase, soluble sugar content decreased during storage, and in March, 50% of the initial sugar content was calculated for ‘Delikates’ kohlrabi flesh and 65% for ‘Korist’. L-ascorbic acid was well preserved in the kohlrabi, since 90% remained after storage was completed. The isothiocyanate content changed little and the vegetable remained a good source of these compounds throughout the storage period.

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3

Lošák, Tomáš, Tomáš Válka, Jakub Elbl, Antonín Kintl, Anna Keutgen, Norbert Keutgen, Lenka Demková, et al. "Fertilization with Magnesium- and Sulfur-Supplemented Digestate Increases the Yield and Quality of Kohlrabi." Sustainability 12, no. 14 (July 16, 2020): 5733. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12145733.

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The vegetation pot experiment with kohlrabi (Moravia variety) was established in 2014 and 2015. The experiment included four treatments of fertilization: (1) untreated control, (2) digestate, (3) digestate + Mg + S, and (4) digestate + S. Treatments 2–4 were fertilized with the same N dose. Differences between the years were recorded in all parameters. Compared with the variant with digestate (100%), the kohlrabi yield of the unfertilized variant was demonstrably lower in both years (33.1% and 46.9%). Digestate enriched with the fertilizer containing Mg + S (treatment 3) demonstrably increased the yield of kohlrabi by 10.2% and 15.7% compared with pure digestate (treatment 2). Digestate enriched with the fertilizer containing elementary S (treatment 4) demonstrably increased the yield of kohlrabi (by 7.4%) only in 2015 compared with pure digestate (treatment 2). Except for the year 2015, there were no yield differences between variants 3 and 4. In both years, the lowest content of nitrates in kohlrabi was observed in the unfertilized control (135 and 163 mg NO3−/kgFM, respectively). Following the application of digestate (treatment 2), the content of nitrates (mg NO3−/kgFM) increased to 327 in 2014 and to 509 in 2015. The addition of fertilizers with Mg + S as well as fertilizer with elementary S to the digestate (treatment 3 and 4) significantly reduced the content of nitrates to 295–301 mg NO3−/kgFM (2014) and to 449–468 mg NO3−/kgFM (2015). The content of ascorbic acid did not statistically differ among the four treatments in the two years (268–281 and 311–329 mg/kgFM in 2014 and 2015, respectively). Digestate supplemented with Mg + S (magnesium sulfate) or only with elementary S can be recommended for kohlrabi fertilization prior to the planting in order to reduce dangerous accumulations of nitrates in kohlrabi.

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4

Cosic, Tatjana, Jelena Savic, Martin Raspor, Aleksandar Cingel, Nabil Ghalawnji, Branka Vinterhalter, and Slavica Ninkovic. "Effects of different types of sugars and plant growth regulators on kohlrabi seedling growth and development in vitro." Archives of Biological Sciences 72, no. 3 (2020): 349–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/abs200622029c.

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Kohlrabi (Brassica oleracea var. gongylodes), with its edible stem tuber formed at the base of the plant stem, presents a valuable source of nutrients. The potential effects of plant growth regulators (PGRs), as well as various concentrations of different sugars on the in vitro development of kohlrabi were studied. Ten-day-old kohlrabi seedlings were cultivated in vitro for 5 weeks at 18?2?C on half-strength MS media containing different concentrations of carbon source such as sucrose, fructose, glucose, xylose and mannitol, combined with or without specific plant growth regulators (N6-benzyladenine (BA), gibberellic acid (GA3), 2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid (TIBA)). Results showed no tuber formation in all treatments, but growth and development of treated kohlrabi seedlings was significantly affected in a distinctive manner, with a variety of morphological traits being altered in comparison to matching controls.

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5

Knoche, Moritz, and Martin J. Bukovac. "Interaction of Surfactant and Leaf Surface in Glyphosate Absorption." Weed Science 41, no. 1 (March 1993): 87–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0043174500057635.

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The effect of oxyethylene (OE) chain length of three homologous series of nonionic surfactants (allinol, nonoxynol, octoxynol) on glyphosate uptake was markedly affected by the leaf surface fine-structure of sugarbeet and kohlrabi. Adaxial leaf surfaces of sugarbeet were covered with a layer of amorphous wax, whereas the adaxial surface of kohlrabi leaves was covered with fine crystalline wax. Foliar uptake of glyphosate (1 mM glyphosate, 20 mM glycine, pH 3.2) averaged 4% for sugarbeet without surfactant, but droplets were not retained by kohlrabi leaves in the absence of a surfactant. Glyphosate absorption with octoxynol (9 to 10 OE units, 0.5 g L−1) was rapid initially (0 to 2 h) and leveled off about 2 h after application in both species. Absorption by sugarbeet decreased from 12 to 3% as OE content of octoxynol was increased from 5 to 30 OE units. In contrast, surfactants of intermediate OE content (octoxynol, 16 OE units) induced the greatest uptake (17%) on kohlrabi. Leaf wetting was markedly affected by surfactant and leaf surface. As OE content of octoxynol increased from 5 to 30 OE units, droplet/leaf interface areas of 1-μl droplets decreased from 4 to 3 mm2 on the adaxial leaf surface of sugarbeet and from 61 to 2 mm2 on kohlrabi. Concurrently, the rate of droplet evaporation (1 μl) decreased from 1.0 to 0.7 nl s−1 on sugarbeet and 4.2 to 0.5 nl s−1 on kohlrabi leaves. The effect of OE content on enhancement of glyphosate uptake and wetting characteristics of spray solutions was similar within species for different hydrophobic moieties but differed markedly between species.

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6

Kalhor Qom, Naser, Mohsen Sheykhhasan, and Ali Kowsari. "Evaluation of Kohlrabi (Brassica oleracea Var. Gongylodes) Extract Effect on Mesenchymal Stem Cells Viability and Apoptosis." Research in Molecular Medicine 8, no. 2 (April 11, 2020): 93–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.32598/rmm.8.2.1.

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Background: Cell viability and apoptosis are two crucial factors that may determine cell fate. There are several factors, such as hypoxia, which may be effective in cell processes. Because of its unique features, such as its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptosis mechanisms, kohlrabi (Brassica oleracea var. gongylodes) extract may be used in the amelioration of cell viability and a decrease in cell apoptosis. In this study, we evaluate the effect of kohlrabi extract on the viability and apoptosis of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AD-MSCs). Materials and Methods: In this study, extract from kohlrabi and mesenchymal stem cells from adipose tissue were isolated in a laboratory under sterile conditions. Expression of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) surface markers, including CD44, CD90, and CD105 was evaluated by flow cytometry method. Besides, CD34 was used as a negative marker. MTT assay was carried out to determine the cell viability. Evaluation of BCL2 and BAX expression levels was performed by real-time PCR. Results: MSC surface markers were verified by flow cytometry. The obtained results demonstrated a significant difference between the cell viability of the kohlrabi-extract treated and control group over time (P=0.03). In addition, the real-time PCR analysis showed that expression levels of BCL2 significantly increased in hypoxic condition after treatment with leaf extract (P=0.019). However, there was no significant expression change in the BAX gene. Conclusion: Our study illustrates that kohlrabi extract may have positive effects on cell survival while having inhibitory effects on apoptosis.

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7

Liebig, H. P. "TEMPERATURE INTEGRATION BY KOHLRABI GROWTH." Acta Horticulturae, no. 230 (September 1988): 371–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.1988.230.49.

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8

Liebig, H. P. "TEMPERATURE INTEGRATION BY KOHLRABI GROWTH." Acta Horticulturae, no. 248 (September 1989): 277–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.1989.248.33.

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9

Legocka, J., A. Woźny, and A. Szweykowska. "Ultrastructural study of chloroplasts isolated by various fractionation methods." Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae 44, no. 3 (2015): 443–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.5586/asbp.1975.040.

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The chloroplasts of kohlrabi and barley leaves isolated in conventional media and examined in electron microscope showed considerable impairements of their structure. The damages were not eliminated if the centrifugation number was limited and the tonicity of the medium was reduced gradually throughout the fixation and dehydration procedure. A good yield (about 90%) of structurally intact kohlrabi chloroplasts was obtained when they were isolated from leaves pre-fixed and homogenized in medium containing glutaraldehyde.

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10

Craver, Joshua K., Joshua R. Gerovac, Roberto G. Lopez, and Dean A. Kopsell. "Light Intensity and Light Quality from Sole-source Light-emitting Diodes Impact Phytochemical Concentrations within Brassica Microgreens." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 142, no. 1 (January 2017): 3–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs03830-16.

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Multilayer vertical production systems using sole-source (SS) light-emitting diodes (LEDs) can be an alternative to more traditional methods of microgreens production. One significant benefit of using LEDs is the ability to select light qualities that have beneficial impacts on plant morphology and the synthesis of health-promoting phytochemicals. Therefore, the objective of this study was to quantify the impacts of SS LEDs of different light qualities and intensities on the phytochemical content of brassica (Brassica sp.) microgreens. Specifically, phytochemical measurements included 1) total anthocyanins, 2) total and individual carotenoids, 3) total and individual chlorophylls, and 4) total phenolics. Kohlrabi (Brassica oleracea var. gongylodes), mustard (Brassica juncea ‘Garnet Giant’), and mizuna (Brassica rapa var. japonica) were grown in hydroponic tray systems placed on multilayer shelves in a walk-in growth chamber. A daily light integral (DLI) of 6, 12, or 18 mol·m−2·d−1 was achieved from SS LED arrays with light ratios (percent) of red:blue 87:13 (R87:B13), red:far-red:blue 84:7:9 (R84:FR7:B9), or red:green:blue 74:18:8 (R74:G18:B8) with a total photon flux from 400 to 800 nm of 105, 210, or 315 µmol·m−2·s–1 for 16 hours, respectively. Phytochemical measurements were collected using spectrophotometry and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Regardless of light quality, total carotenoids were significantly lower under increasing light intensities for mizuna and mustard microgreens. In addition, light quality affected total integrated chlorophyll with higher values observed under the light ratio of R87:B13 compared with R84:FR7:B9 and R74:G18:B8 for kohlrabi and mustard microgreens, respectively. For kohlrabi, with increasing light intensities, the total concentration of anthocyanins was greater compared with those grown under lower light intensities. In addition, for kohlrabi, the light ratios of R87:B13 or R84:FR7:B9 produced significantly higher anthocyanin concentrations compared with the light ratio of R74:G18:B8 under a light intensity of 315 µmol·m−2·s−1. Light quality also influenced the total phenolic concentration of kohlrabi microgreens, with significantly greater levels for the light ratio of R84:FR7:B9 compared with R74:G18:B8 under a light intensity of 105 µmol·m−2·s−1. However, the impact of light intensity on total phenolic concentration of kohlrabi was not significant. The results from this study provide further insight into the selection of light qualities and intensities using SS LEDs to achieve preferred phytochemical content of brassica microgreens.

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11

Jursík, Miroslav, Martin Kočárek, Marie Suchanová, Michaela Kolářová, and Jaroslav Šuk. "Effect of irrigation and adjuvant on residual activity of pendimethalin and metazachlor in kohlrabi and soil." Plant, Soil and Environment 65, No. 8 (September 3, 2019): 387–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/171/2019-pse.

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Metazachlor and pendimethalin are the most used herbicides in kohlrabi. The main objectives of the present study were to evaluate the residual activity of herbicides pendimethalin and metazachlor in kohlrabi and soil under different irrigation regimes and to evaluate the effect of soil adjuvants on the residual activity of tested herbicides. Pendimethalin dissipation half-life (17.3–38.3 days) was higher than metazachlor dissipation half-life (12.1–16.8 days). The pendimethalin half-life was not affected by an adjuvant, irrigation, and an experimental year. Pendimethalin mobility in the soil was affected more by natural precipitation than by irrigation. The use of adjuvant did not affect pendimethalin leaching in dry weather conditions. In wetter natural conditions, a higher pendimetha-lin leaching was found at early-irrigated plots treated by an adjuvant (9.39% of the applied dose was detected in the soil layer 5–10 cm). Metazachlor dissipation half-life was not affected both by an adjuvant and by irrigation. In the soil layer 5–10 cm, metazachlor was detected only in 2016 on intensively irrigated plots without the use of adjuvant (0.072 µg/g). A concentration of pendimethalin in kohlrabi tubers ranged between 2 and 7 µg/kg. The highest concentration of pendimethalin was detected in tubers, which were intensively irrigated shortly after the application of herbicides without an adjuvant, especially when natural precipitation was high. Metazachlor was not detected in any of the tested kohlrabi samples.

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12

Lošák, Tomáš, Jaroslav Hlušek, Hana Bělíková, Monika Vítězová, Tomáš Vítěz, and Jacek Antonkiewicz. "What is More Suitable for Kohlrabi Fertilization – Digestate or Mineral Fertilizers." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 63, no. 3 (2015): 787–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun201563030787.

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In a one-year vegetation pot experiment, we compared the effect of digestate from a biogas station and mineral fertilisers on yield and quality parameters of kohlrabi, variety Moravia. Four treatments were used in the trial: 1) untreated control, 2) urea, 3) digestate, 4) urea, triple superphosphate, KCl, MgSO4. The N dose was the same in treatments 2–4, 1.5 g N/pot. In treatment 4 the P, K and Mg doses corresponded to those supplied in the digestate treatment (3). The weight of single kohlrabi bulbs in the unfertilised control was significantly lower (39.2%) than in the urea treatment (100%) and the other fertilised treatments. After application of digestate (treatment 3) and mineral fertilisers (treatment 4), the weight of single bulbs significantly increased by 18.6 and 25.2%, respectively, compared with the urea treatment (2). The content of ascorbic acid did not differ among the all four treatments (274–291 mg/kg). There were significant differences between all fertilised treatments (2, 3, 4) in bulb nitrate content (792, 327, 776 mg NO3−/kg fresh matter, respectively). The content of nitrates was the lowest in the unfertilised treatment – 135 mg NO3−/kg fresh matter. After digestate application the nitrate content decreased significantly, to 327 mg NO3−/kg fresh matter. We recommend the use of digestate to kohlrabi as it results in comparable or better yield and qualitative parameters of kohlrabi compared with mineral fertilizers.

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Saad Abou-El-Hassan, Emad Abdel Aziz Salem, Heba Said El-Batran, and Maged Abdel Aziz El-Nemr. "Enhancing the organic production of kohlrabi using algae extract and biofertilizers." GSC Advanced Research and Reviews 5, no. 2 (November 30, 2020): 075–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/gscarr.2020.5.2.0093.

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An experiment aims to improve the organic production of kohlrabi using algae extract and biofertilizer was conducted at the experimental farm of Central Laboratory for Agricultural Climate, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt, during two successive seasons of 2018/2019 and 2019/2020. Treatments were compost only, compost with adding biofertilizer and algae extract individually or in combination, and were applied on two kohlrabi cultivars (Gulie White Vienna and Delikatess Purple Vienna). The results indicated that “Gulie White Vienna” cultivar was superior to “Delikatess Purple Vienna” in vegetative growth, nutrition content, knob yield and knob properties. All treatments of biofertilizer and algae extract individually or in combination in the presence of compost improved all studied traits compared to compost only. Applying compost with adding biofertilizer and algae extract in combination recorded the highest values of growth, nutrition content, yield and knob properties. This study demonstrated the possibility of using biofertilizer and algae extract in addition to compost for organic production of kohlrabi and for improving yield and knobs quality.

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14

Lošák, Tomáš, Ludmila Musilová, Andrea Zatloukalová, Monika Szostková, Jaroslav Hlušek, Jiří Fryč, Tomáš Vítěz, Martin Haitl, Eduardo von Bennewitz, and Anna Martensson. "Digestate is equal or a better alternative to mineral fertilization of kohlrabi." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 60, no. 1 (2012): 91–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun201260010091.

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In a one-year vegetation pot experiment, we compared the effect of digestate from a biogas station and mineral fertilisers on yield and quality parameters of kohlrabi, variety Segura F1. Four treatments were used in the trial: 1) untreated control, 2) urea, 3) digestate, 4) urea, triple super phosphate, KCl, MgSO4. The N dose was the same in treatments 2–4, 1.5 g N/pot. In treatment 4 the P, K and Mg doses corresponded to those supplied in the digestate treatment (3). The weight of single kohlrabi bulbs in the unfertilised control was significantly lower (36.2%) than in the urea treatment (100%) and the other fertilised treatments. After application of digestate (treatment 3) and mineral fertilisers (treatment 4), the weight of single bulbs significantly increased by 36.2 and 33.6%, respectively, compared with the urea treatment (2). The content of ascorbic acid did not differ between the fertilised treatments (282–301 mg/kg), but was significantly lower than in the unfertilised control (334 mg/kg). There were significant differences between all fertilised treatments (2, 3, 4) in bulb nitrate content (745, 187, 462 mg NO3−/kg fresh matter, respectively). After digestate application the content decreased significantly, to 187 mg NO3−/kg fresh matter. The soil Nmin content after harvest varied between 4.19–5.79 mg/kg in all fertilised treatments and the N-NH4+ form prevailed over N-NO3− only in the digestate treatment (3.45/2.34 mg/kg). We recommend the use of digestate to kohlrabi as it results in comparable or better yield and qualitative parameters of kohlrabi compared with mineral fertilizers.

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15

Gross, Dieter, Andrea Porzel, and Jürgen Schmidt. "Phytoalexine mit Indolstruktur aus Kohlrabi {Brassica oleracea var. gongylodes)+ / Indole Phytoalexins from the Kohlrabi (Brassica oleracea var. gongylodes)+." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C 49, no. 5-6 (June 1, 1994): 281–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znc-1994-5-601.

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Abstract UV-irradiation of sliced stem tubers of kohlrabi (Brassica oleracea var. gongylodes) followed by incubation for 4 days, resulted in the production of two new sulphur-containing indole phytoalexins, cyclobrassinone and 1 -methoxyspirobrassinin, whose structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic data. Three known indole phytoalexins, spirobrassinin, methoxybrassitin and methoxybrassinin, and several m inor phytoalexin-like compounds not yet identified were also isolated. The accumulation of these indole phytoalexins was also induced by abiotic elicitation with CuCl2. Feeding both of L-[β-14C]tryptophan and L-[14CH3]methionine to UV-irradiated stem tuber tissue of kohlrabi indicated that the S-containing indole phytoalexins were biosynthesized from these amino acids.

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16

Hajiboland, R., and L. Amjad. "Does antioxidant capacity of leaves play a role in growth response to selenium at different sulfur nutritional status?" Plant, Soil and Environment 53, No. 5 (January 7, 2008): 207–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/2202-pse.

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There are evidences of beneficial effects of selenium (Se) on plant growth. In this work, using alfalfa (<i>Medicago sativa</i> L.) and two varieties of <i>Brassica oleracea</i> L. (cabbage and kohlrabi), the effect of Se addition (10 and 20μM) on growth and concentration of sulfur and Se was investigated in hydroponic experiments. In order to study the involvement of Se-mediated changes in the antioxidant capacity of plants in growth promotion by Se, the activity of antioxidant enzymes including ascorbate peroxidase (APX), catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione reductase (GR) and the concentration of H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> and glutathione were determined. It was demonstrated that sulfur sufficient cabbage and kohlrabi plants concomitant with growth stimulation in response to Se addition expressed a progressive oxidative stress as judged by a lower activity of antioxidant enzymes and accumulation of oxidants. Results imply that the function of antioxidant system of plants could not explain either the growth stimulatory effect of Se in cabbage and kohlrabi or different response of alfalfa plants to Se supplementation.

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17

Klíma, M., M. Vyvadilová, and V. Kučera. "Production and utilization of doubled haploids in Brassica oleracea vegetables." Horticultural Science 31, No. 4 (November 25, 2011): 119–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/3804-hortsci.

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A possibility to increase the efficiency of plant regeneration from microspore-derived embryos of selected botanical varieties of Brassica oleracea was investigated from 2001 to 2004. More than 400 regenerants of R<sub>1 </sub>generation were derived in kohlrabi, cabbage and cauliflower by means of different modifications of microspore culture technique. Distinct genotype differences in embryogenic responsibility and regenerative ability of microspore embryos to whole plants were detected. The highest frequency of embryogenesis and subsequent regeneration of plants were achieved in cauliflower cultivar Siria F1, kohlrabi line P7 and some experimental F1 hybrids of cauliflower. The best production of embryos was obtained when donor plants were grown in the growth chamber under controlled light and temperature conditions. The regeneration of plantlets was considerably improved by repeated subculture of cotyledonary embryos on media with various combinations of phytohormones and excision of the cotyledons from mature embryos. The percentage of plant regeneration from subcultured embryos in kohlrabi ranged from 11.11 to 63.64%, in cauliflower from 23.53 to 46.19% and in cabbage from 5.88 to 52.00%. The utilization of regenerants for doubled haploid line production is often complicated by male sterility also in plants with the normal diploid chromosome number.    

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18

Iwaki, Tomoko, J. D. Gussow, and I. R. Contento. "Tipping Point Vegetables: “Owning” Kale and Kohlrabi." Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior 46, no. 4 (July 2014): S105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jneb.2014.04.029.

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19

Seman, Vladimira, Timea Hajnal-Jafari, Simonida Đurić, and Dragana Stamenov. "The Capacity of Soil Microalgae to Improve Germination and Initial Growth of White Radish and Kohlrabi." Contemporary Agriculture 70, no. 1-2 (May 26, 2021): 36–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/contagri-2021-0007.

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Summary Biofertilizers and biostimulators have become alternative sources of plant nutrients. Biofertilizers derived from microalgae represent a new approach in plant production. The aim of the study was to examine the capacity of the microalgal cell suspension to improve germination and initial growth (root and shoot length) of white Icicle Radish (Raphanus sativus) and Kohlrabi (Brassica oleracea var. gongylodes). By applying soil microalgal biofertilizer, initial growth was improved. Compared to the control, the root length of white radish was increased by 64.24% and 41.32%, using Chlorella sp. and Dictyosphaerium sp. cell suspension, respectively. Kohlrabi root growth was stimulated by application of Chlorella sp. and Dictyosphaerium sp. suspension by 60.97% and 55.02%, respectively. A significant difference in the shoot length was recorded, as well.

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20

Escalona, V. H., E. Aguayo, and F. Artés. "QUALITY AND PHYSIOLOGICAL CHANGES OF FRESH-CUT KOHLRABI." Acta Horticulturae, no. 628 (December 2003): 367–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2003.628.45.

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21

Escalona, V. H., E. Aguayo, and F. Artés. "Quality and Physiological Changes of Fresh-cut Kohlrabi." HortScience 38, no. 6 (October 2003): 1148–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.38.6.1148.

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Fresh-cut diced (1 cm3) kohlrabi (Brassica oleracea L. Gongylodes Group) `Kompliment F1' washed with chlorinated (100 mg·L-1) water was stored in modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) up to 14 days at 0 °C. Samples were packed in 35-μm oriented polypropylene (PP) bags or in plastic trays heat-sealed with unperforated or perforated (control) PP film. Changes in respiratory rate, ethylene emission rate, microbial growth, color, browning, decay, sugar contents, chemical attributes (soluble solids content, pH, and titratable acidity), and sensory attributes (visual appearance, aroma, flavor, and texture) were monitored. Cutting resulted in an increased CO2 production compared to the whole stem, ranging from 2-fold immediately after cutting, to 8-fold at day 4. The equilibrium atmospheres within bags and trays were 6% O2 plus 13% CO2, and 13% O2 plus 8% to 9% CO2, respectively. In both MAP treatments, microbial development was delayed compared to air (control). The total aerobic counts were lower than 7.7 log CFU/g, which has been defined as are commended limit criteria. No physiological disorders, decay. or off-flavor developed. Therefore, sensory quality attributes were suitable for commercial purposes. However, fresh-cut kohlrabi stored in MAP had slightly better color retention and microbial quality than the control.

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Escalona, Víctor H., Encarna Aguayo, and Francisco Artés. "Modified atmosphere packaging improved quality of kohlrabi stems." LWT - Food Science and Technology 40, no. 3 (April 2007): 397–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.lwt.2006.02.006.

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Chen, Lu, Meng Shan Lin, Minoru Hara, and G. A. Rechnitz. "Kohlrabi-Based Amperometric Biosensor for Hydrogen Peroxide Measurement." Analytical Letters 24, no. 1 (January 1991): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00032719108052879.

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Kim, Dan-Bi, Ji-Won Oh, Jong Seok Lee, Yeong-Hyeon Kim, In-Jae Park, Ju Hyun Cho, and Ok-Hwan Lee. "Antioxidant Activities of Green and Purple Kohlrabi Juices." Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology 46, no. 5 (October 31, 2014): 601–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.9721/kjfst.2014.46.5.601.

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Arın, L. "Kohlrabi Growing under Unheated Glasshouse Conditions in Turkey." Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B - Plant Soil Science 53, no. 1 (January 1, 2003): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09064710300517.

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Arın, L., A. Şalk, M. Deveci, and S. Polat. "Kohlrabi Growing under Unheated Glasshouse Conditions in Turkey." Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B - Plant Soil Science 53, no. 1 (January 1, 2003): 38–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09064710310006531.

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Macleod, Glesni, and Alexander J. Macleod. "The glucosinolates and aroma volatiles of green kohlrabi." Phytochemistry 29, no. 4 (January 1990): 1183–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(90)85425-f.

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BLANKE, M. "Ammonium Nutrition Enhances Chlorophyll and Glaucousness in Kohlrabi." Annals of Botany 78, no. 5 (November 1996): 599–604. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/anbo.1996.0166.

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Ulukapı, Kamile, and Yusuf Kacar. "Alabaş (Brassica oleracea L. var gongylodes) Yetiştiriciliğinde Bitki ve Yumru Gelişimi Üzerine Su Kısıtının Etkileri." Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology 8, no. 2 (February 27, 2020): 416. http://dx.doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v8i2.416-420.3103.

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Kohlrabi, which has increased production in our country in recent years, is a vegetable with high water consumption. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of different irrigation levels on plant and tuber growth and determine the appropriate irrigation level. In this study, vegetative growth and some tuber quality parameters of two different kohlrabi cultivars (Korist F1, Kolibri F1) at 4 different irrigation levels (I100 I75, I50, I25) were investigated. The experiment was carried out in unheated greenhouse as a pot experiment in April-June with three replicates and 10 plants per replicate. At the end of the experiment; number of leaves, leaf width (mm), leaf length (mm), tuber diameter (cm), tuber height (cm), tuber weight (g), tuber pH, total soluble solid content of the tuber and chlorophyll index were measured. The growth curves of the tubers were drawn and potassium (K), phosphorus (P) and sodium (Na) contents of the tubers were determined. In Kolibri F1, the highest tuber weight was obtained from the I75 irrigated plants with an average of 369.59 g. In Korist F1, the highest tuber weight was obtained from I100 applied plants with an average of 362.25 g. Especially in terms of tuber development, I100 has provided better results in water deficiency application. However, according to the results of the analysis, there was no statistically significant difference between I100 and I75 irrigation levels. It was determined that I75 irrigation level could be applied for kohlrabi cultivars in April-June cultivation period in Antalya conditions.

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Ahonen, Seija, Iris Kuokkanen, and Pirjo-Liisa Penttilä. "The nitrate concentration of domestic vegetables on Helsinki market in summer and autumn 1984." Agricultural and Food Science 59, no. 5 (December 1, 1987): 425–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.23986/afsci.72275.

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Nitrate concentration of some domestic vegetables at Helsinki district market was studied during the summer and autumn months of the year 1984.The species were cabbage (Brassica oleracea var capitata), Chinese cabbage (Brassica pekinensis), kohlrabi (Brassica oleracea var gongylodes), turnip (Brassica rapa), carrot (Daucus Carola subsp. sativas) and crisphead and butter head lettuce (Lactuca saliva var. capitata). The 395 samples were analysed with an ion specific electrode. There was a wide range of nitrate concentrations within each species. The mean concentrations mg nitrates/kg of fresh weight were the following: butter head lettuce 1835, Chinese cabbage 1057, kohlrabi 1008, crisphead lettuce 964, turnip 908, cabbage 607 and carrot 264. The nitrate concentration of butter head lettuce in the autumn was more than twice as high as that in the summer, and vice versa as to cabbage samples. The nitrate concentration of carrot samples in the summer was about 40 % higher than in the autumn.

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Lošák, T., J. Hlušek, T. Válka, J. Elbl, T. Vítěz, H. Bělíková, and E. Von Bennewitz. "The effect of fertilisation with digestate on kohlrabi yields and quality." Plant, Soil and Environment 62, No. 6 (June 24, 2016): 274–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/16/2016-pse.

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32

Gerovac, Joshua R., Joshua K. Craver, Jennifer K. Boldt, and Roberto G. Lopez. "Light Intensity and Quality from Sole-source Light-emitting Diodes Impact Growth, Morphology, and Nutrient Content of Brassica Microgreens." HortScience 51, no. 5 (May 2016): 497–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.51.5.497.

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Multilayer vertical production systems using sole-source (SS) lighting can be used for the production of microgreens; however, traditional SS lighting methods can consume large amounts of electrical energy. Light-emitting diodes (LEDs) offer many advantages over conventional light sources, including high photoelectric conversion efficiencies, narrowband spectral light quality (LQ), low thermal output, and adjustable light intensities (LIs). The objective of this study was to quantify the effects of SS LEDs of different light qualities and intensities on growth, morphology, and nutrient content of Brassica microgreens. Purple kohlrabi (Brassica oleracea L. var. gongylodes L.), mizuna (Brassica rapa L. var. japonica), and mustard [Brassica juncea (L.) Czern. ‘Garnet Giant’] were grown in hydroponic tray systems placed on multilayer shelves in a walk-in growth chamber. A daily light integral (DLI) of 6, 12, or 18 mol·m−2·d−1 was achieved from commercially available SS LED arrays with light ratios (%) of red:green:blue 74:18:8 (R74:G18:B8), red:blue 87:13 (R87:B13), or red:far-red:blue 84:7:9 (R84:FR7:B9) with a total photon flux (TPF) from 400 to 800 nm of 105, 210, or 315 µmol·m−2·s−1 for 16 hours. Regardless of LQ, as the LI increased from 105 to 315 µmol·m−2·s−1, hypocotyl length (HL) decreased and percent dry weight (DW) increased for kohlrabi, mizuna, and mustard microgreens. With increasing LI, leaf area (LA) of kohlrabi generally decreased and relative chlorophyll content (RCC) increased. In addition, nutrient content increased under low LIs regardless of LQ. The results from this study can help growers to select LIs and LQs from commercially available SS LEDs to achieve preferred growth characteristics of Brassica microgreens.

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Kopecký, P., K. Hrůzová, K. Hron, and M. Hýbl. "Comparison of resistance of cauliflower and kohlrabi to clubroot." Acta Horticulturae, no. 1202 (May 2018): 81–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2018.1202.12.

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34

Pak, Won-Min, Koth-Bong-Woo-Ri Kim, Min-Ji Kim, Bo-Kyeong Kang, Si-Woo Bark, Bo-Ram Kim, Na-Kyung Ahn, Yeon-Uk Choi, Sung-Ryul Yoon, and Dong-Hyun Ahn. "Antioxidative Effect of Extracts from Different Parts of Kohlrabi." Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry 57, no. 4 (December 31, 2014): 353–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3839/jabc.2014.056.

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35

Cha, Seon-Suk, Myung-Yul Lee, and Jae-Joon Lee. "Comparison of Physicochemical Composition of Kohlrabi Flesh and Peel." Korean Journal of Food Preservation 20, no. 1 (February 28, 2013): 88–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.11002/kjfp.2013.20.1.88.

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36

Marcinkowska, Monika, and Henryk H. Jeleń. "Inactivation of Thioglucosidase from Sinapis alba (White Mustard) Seed by Metal Salts." Molecules 25, no. 19 (September 23, 2020): 4363. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25194363.

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The glucosinolates which are specialized plant metabolites of Brassica vegetables are prone to hydrolysis catalyzed by an endogenous enzyme myrosinase (thioglycoside hydrolase, thioglucosidase) that exists in Brassica plant tissue causing volatile isothiocyanates release. Currently existing literature data on the inactivation of myrosinase is insufficient in particular for use in the analysis of volatile and odor compounds in vegetables rich in glucosinolates. In this study, the impact of different metal salts in effective inactivation of enzyme activity was investigated by solid-phase microextraction (SPME) and GC/MS system in aqueous samples and kohlrabi matrix. A saturated solution of calcium chloride which is commonly used to stop enzyme activity in plant tissue inactivates the myrosinase–glucosinolate system. However, even without the participation of myrosinase, it changes the reaction pathway towards nitrile formation. The model experiment shows that optimum efficiency in inhibition of the enzyme system shows iron(III) ions, silver ions, and anhydride sodium sulfate resulting in no volatile products derived from glucosinolates. However, in the kohlrabi matrix, the strongest enzyme inhibition effect was observed for silver salt resulting in no volatile products, also both anhydrous Na2SO4 and saturated CaCl2 solution seem to be useful inhibitors in flavor studies.

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HAJIBOLAND, R., and L. AMJAD. "The effects of selenate and sulphate supply on the accumulation and volatilization of Se by cabbage, kohlrabi and alfalfa plants grown hydroponically." Agricultural and Food Science 17, no. 2 (December 4, 2008): 177. http://dx.doi.org/10.2137/145960608785328242.

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The effect of Selenium (Se) supplementation at five levels of 0 (control), 5, 10, 15, 20 ìM in plants supplied with one of four concentrations of sulphur (S) including 0.05, 0.25, 0.5 and 1.0 mM was investigated in two varieties of Brassica oleracea (cabbage and kohlrabi) and alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) in a hydroponic experiment. In severely S deficient plants (0.05 mM), Se acted as a toxic element, alfalfa was the most susceptible plant that died at this treatment. However, in plants supplied with near adequate (0.5 mM) or adequate (1.0 mM) S, Se acted as a growth promoting element. The most pronounced stimulation of growth was observed in cabbage and the lowest in alfalfa. Increasing S concentration in the medium, reduced Se uptake and transport. In contrast, S uptake and transport increased in response to Se addition. Se volatilization was higher in alfalfa than cabbage and kohlrabi when expressed on unit shoot dry weight or leaf area basis, but not when expressed per plant. Results suggested that Se supplementation of plants supplied with adequate S, not only had beneficial effects on plants growth but also can have application in enrichment of livestock fodder and human food.;

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Loc, Marta, Nemanja Delić, Dragana Budakov, Vera Stojšin, Mladen Petreš, Jelena Medić, Tatjana Dudaš, and Mila Grahovac. "Pectolytic activity of Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. brasiliense on different root vegetables." Biljni lekar 48, no. 6 (2020): 610–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/biljlek2006610l.

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Bacteria from Enterobacteriaceae family (SRE) are significant problem in plant production, not only during vegetation, in the field, but also during storage and marketing of agricultural commodities. Species P. carotovorum subsp. brasiliense (Pcb) is a newly identified member of Enterobacteriaceae family. It causes soft rot of different plant species, including root vegetables. Pcb is described as a new subspecies of P. carotovorum due to differences in phenotypic and genotypic characteristic, more pronounced virulence and aggressiveness. Patohogenicity of this bacterium is based on the production of several enzymes: pectatliase, polygalacturonase, cellulase and proeteases. The aim of this study was to determine whether and at which rate Pcb isolates originating from potato plants exhibit pectolytic activity on root of different root vegetable species - carrot, radish, celery, kohlrabi and beetroot. The obtained data confirmed wide host range of the bacterium Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. brasiliense, but pointed to significant differences in pectolytic activity on different species of root vegetables (carrot, radish, celery, kohlrabi), while on beetroot tested Pcb isolates did not exhibit pectolytic activity. Moreover, on same species of root vegetables different levels of pectolytic activity of tested Pcb isolates were recorded.

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Park, Me-Hea, Ji-Weon Choi, Yong-Bum Kim, Myeong-Hae Kim, Hee-Yeon Won, Sun-Young Shin, and Ji-Gang Kim. "Effect of Modified Atmosphere Packaging on Postharvest Quality of Kohlrabi." Korean Journal of Horticultural Science and Technology 32, no. 5 (October 31, 2014): 655–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.7235/hort.2014.14022.

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40

Tayefi-Nas, Hossein. "Some Biochemical Properties of Catalase from Kohlrabi (Brassica oleracea gongylodes)." Journal of Biological Sciences 8, no. 3 (March 15, 2008): 649–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/jbs.2008.649.653.

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41

Zargar, F. A., S. Kumar, Z. F. Bhat, and P. Kumar. "Effect of kohlrabi on the quality characteristics of chicken sausages." Indian Journal of Poultry Science 51, no. 3 (2016): 333. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/0974-8180.2016.00070.2.

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42

Corazza, Luciana, Curgonio Cappelli, Laura Luongo, and Vittorio M. Stravato. "Rhizoctonia solani Kühn AG 2-1 on kohlrabi in Italy." European Journal of Plant Pathology 101, no. 3 (May 1995): 341–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01874790.

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43

Rahim, Md Abdur, Arif Hasan Khan Robin, Sathishkumar Natarajan, Hee-Jeong Jung, Jeongyeo Lee, HyeRan Kim, Hoy-Taek Kim, Jong-In Park, and Ill-Sup Nou. "Identification and Characterization of Anthocyanin Biosynthesis-Related Genes in Kohlrabi." Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology 184, no. 4 (September 30, 2017): 1120–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12010-017-2613-2.

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44

Cremona, Maria Victoria, Hartmut Stützel, and Henning Kage. "Irrigation Scheduling of Kohlrabi (Brassica oleracea var. gongylodes) Using Crop Water Stress Index." HortScience 39, no. 2 (April 2004): 276–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.39.2.276.

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Two-year field experiments were carried out to evaluate the suitability of crop water stress index (CWSI) as a basis for irrigation scheduling of kohlrabi (Brassica oleracea L. var. gongylodes) by comparison with irrigation scheduling based on total soil water content (SWC). In the first year, irrigation scheduling when CWSI exceeded 0.3 resulted in more frequent water applications, but the total amount of irrigation water given was lower compared to irrigation when SWC fell below 70%. Kohlrabi tuber fresh weight at harvest was similar in both scheduling treatments, leading to 25% higher irrigation water use efficiency in the CWSI-scheduled plots. In the second year, three threshold levels, i.e., 0.2 and 80%, 0.4 and 60%, and 0.6 and 40% of CWSI and SWC, respectively, were investigated. At the level of highest water supply (CWSI = 0.2 and SWC = 80%), the total amount of water supplied was less in the CWSI but the number of irrigations was higher than in the SWC plots. The CWSI-based approach may be a method for irrigation scheduling of vegetables under temperate conditions. The higher irrigation frequency required would make this method particularly suitable in combination with irrigation system that allow frequent applications, i.e., in drip irrigation. To improve the method, a coupling with a soil water balance model seems promising.

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S, Jamuna K., Ramesh C. K, Aditya Rao Sj, Paramesha M, and Riaz Mahmood. "QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS OF NATURAL ANTIOXIDANTS AND FREE RADICAL SCAVENGING ACTIVITIES OF CRUCIFERAE VEGETABLES." Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 10, no. 4 (April 1, 2017): 470. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2017.v10i4.17159.

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Objective: The aim of this research program is to evaluate the antioxidant potentialities comprehensively utilizing commonly available cruciferous vegetables of India, viz., cabbage, cauliflower, kohlrabi, and radish.Methods: The plant materials were procured and processed for cold extraction procedure using 70% ethanol. The extracts were primarily assessedfor their phytoconstituents and further for their in vitro antioxidant activity using various qualitative and quantitative estimations. The results of quantitative estimations were expressed in terms of equivalence with respective standards, and the antioxidant potentiality of various scavenging and chelating activities were expressed in terms of 50% effective concentration. Further, correlation studies were made between quantitative and qualitative assays to study the relationship between the effects of different phytoconstituents groups.Results: In this study, the results revealed that all the four cruciferous vegetable extracts possess potential antioxidant activities. Among the extractsunder study kohlrabi has recorded superior antioxidant potential than others. It is clear from the study that the tested cruciferous vegetablesmanifested differential expression of antioxidant capacity due to their phytoconstituents.Conclusion: From the results, it can be concluded that the Cruciferae vegetables have potent antioxidant activity contributing to the use for healthbenefits in addition to their nutritive role as vegetable.Keywords: Cruciferae vegetables, Phytochemicals, In vitro antioxidant activity, Correlation.

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46

Sultana, J., M. A. Siddique, and M. H. A. Rashid. "Effects of cowdung and potassium on growth and yield of Kohlrabi." Journal of the Bangladesh Agricultural University 10, no. 1 (October 3, 2012): 27–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbau.v10i1.12035.

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An experiment was carried out at the Horticulture Farm of the Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh during the period from November 2010 to January 2011 to study the effects of cowdung and potassium on growth and yield of Kohlrabi. The experiment consisted of three levels of cowdung (0, 20 and 40 t/ha) and four levels of potassium (0, 20, 50, 80 kg /ha). The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design with three replications. All the parameters were significantly influenced by application of cowdung and potassium. The highest plant height (44.65 cm), number of leaves per plant (12.11), length of largest leaf (37.54 cm), and breadth of largest leaf (18.66 cm) were obtained from the highest dose of cowdung and potassium applied (40 t cowdung + 80 kg K/ha) while the lowest plant height (33.64 cm), number of leaves (9.01), length of largest leaf (27.94 cm), and breadth of largest leaf (11.00 cm) were obtained from control treatment combination. The highest fresh weight of leaves (49.33 g), fresh weight of knob (328.66 g) and fresh weight of roots (66.55 g) per plant were also recorded under the treatment combination of 40 t cowdung + 80 kg K/ha, while the lowest fresh weight of leaves (22.11 g), fresh weight of knob (136.00 g) and fresh weight of roots (23.33 g) were obtained from control treatment combination. Similarly, the dry weight of leaves (19.34%), knob (15.19%) and roots (32.75%) were highest under the same treatment combination of 40 t cowdung + 80 kg K/ha and the lowest dry weight of leaves (11.71%), dry weight of knob (7.38%) and dry weight of roots (15.29%) were obtained from control treatment combination C0K0. The marketable yields of knob per plot (7.86 kg) and per hectare (39.58 tons) were also the highest under the treatment combination 40 t cowdung/ha and 80 kg potassium per hectare. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbau.v10i1.12035 J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 10(1): 2732, 2012

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Yumei, L., W. Xiaowu, F. Yuan, S. Peitian, Y. Limei, and H. Anfu. "INVESTIGATION AND UTILIZATION OF HETEROSIS IN KOHLRABI (BRASSICA OLERACEA VAR. GONGYLODES)." Acta Horticulturae, no. 467 (May 1998): 127–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.1998.467.13.

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Wang, Shu-Mei, Dong-Jin Yu, and Kyung-Bin Song. "Physicochemical Characteristics of Kohlrabi Slices Dehydrated by the Addition of Maltodextrin." Preventive Nutrition and Food Science 16, no. 2 (June 30, 2011): 189–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.3746/jfn.2011.16.2.189.

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Lee, Young-Jun, Jae-Hwan Kim, Ji-Won Oh, Gi-Hae Shin, Jong Seok Lee, Ju-Hyun Cho, Jin-Ju Park, Jeong-Ho Lim, and Ok-Hwan Lee. "Antioxidant and Anti-adipogenic Effects of Kohlrabi and Radish Sprout Extracts." Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology 46, no. 5 (October 31, 2014): 531–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.9721/kjfst.2014.46.5.531.

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Shin, Jong Hee, and Sang Kuk Kim. "Changes of endogenous gibberellins in corm of kohlrabi during corm development." Research on Crops 18, no. 2 (2017): 274. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/2348-7542.2017.00047.x.

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