Relevant bibliographies by topics / Koala growth and behaviour

Academic literature on the topic 'Koala growth and behaviour'

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Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 19 February 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Koala growth and behaviour"

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Hynes, Emily F., Geoff Shaw, Marilyn B. Renfree, and Kathrine A. Handasyde. "Contraception of prepubertal young can increase cost effectiveness of management of overabundant koala populations." Wildlife Research 46, no. 4 (2019): 317. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr18109.

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Context With limited resources for wildlife management and conservation, it is vital that the effectiveness of management programs is maximised and costs reduced. Koala populations need to be reduced in locations where they are locally overabundant and over-browsing their food trees. Subcutaneous contraceptive implants containing levonorgestrel are currently used to control koala fertility to assist in reducing population densities. Dependent young are caught with their mothers, so are also available for contraception. Aims The overall aim was to investigate whether the effectiveness of koala contraception programs can be improved by administering levonorgestrel implants to female young along with their mothers. This was achieved by: (1) determining if implanting females before sexual maturation affects their fertility, growth and pouch development; and (2) developing a stage-structured population growth model to compare two management scenarios. Methods Juvenile female koalas (11–17 months old) were treated with either a control (n = 5) or 70 mg levonorgestrel implant (n = 5). Koalas were caught every 4 to 6 weeks for 15 months, then every 3 to 12 months for 5 years. Koalas were weighed and head length measured. Pouches were checked for young. Pouch development was assessed as a proxy for sexual maturation. A stage-based population model simulating koala population growth was developed to compare different management scenarios: no treatment; treatment of adults only; and treatment of adults plus their dependent young. Key results Levonorgestrel implants prevented births with no effect on growth, survival or timing of sexual maturation. Population growth simulations indicate that treating dependent young with their mothers results in earlier population reduction. Conclusions The treatment of prepubertal female koalas with levonorgestrel implants is a safe and effective method that increases the effectiveness of koala contraception programs. Implications Development of novel strategies may provide opportunities to increase the efficiency and cost-effectiveness of management programs with constrained resources.
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Matthews, Alison, Daniel Lunney, Shaan Gresser, and Wendy Maitz. "Tree use by koalas (Phascolarctos cinereus) after fire in remnant coastal forest." Wildlife Research 34, no. 2 (2007): 84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr06075.

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The aim of this study was to examine the effects of fire on resource use by a population of koalas in remnant coastal forest. Fifty-five koalas were monitored regularly by radio-tracking for up to 35 months. The attributes of each tree in which the koala was sighted were recorded, giving a total of 8390 records. Analyses were undertaken on a range of ecological information. Regeneration of the forest began immediately following the fires and within three months koalas were seen among the epicormic growth. From a total 4631 trees used by koalas, 3247 (70%) were burnt. Observations of koalas feeding included 53% in burnt trees. Koalas changed trees frequently; individual trees were used once only on 3555 occasions (42% of all observations). Of all the trees used, 95% were used by only one collared koala; no trees were used by more than three koalas. Swamp mahogany (Eucalyptus robusta) was the tree species most frequently used by koalas, particularly at night and by breeding females. Koalas preferred trees of larger diameter (>30 cm) and used significantly taller trees during summer. This study has shown that resource depletion from intense wildfire is short-term for koalas because they utilise burnt trees within months of the fire for both food and shelter.
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Lunney, Daniel, Eleanor Stalenberg, Truly Santika, and Jonathan R. Rhodes. "Extinction in Eden: identifying the role of climate change in the decline of the koala in south-eastern NSW." Wildlife Research 41, no. 1 (2014): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr13054.

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Context Reviews of climate change in Australia have identified that it is imposing additional stresses on biodiversity, which is already under threat from multiple human impacts. Aims The present study aimed to determine the contributions of several factors to the demise of the koala in the Eden region in south-eastern New South Wales and, in particular, to establish to what extent climate change may have exacerbated the decline. Methods The study built on several community-based koala surveys in the Eden region since 1986, verified through interviews with survey respondents. Historical records as far back as the late 19th century, wildlife databases and field-based surveys were used to independently validate the community survey data and form a reliable picture of changes in the Eden koala population. Analysis of the community survey data used a logistic model to assess the contribution of known threats to koalas, including habitat loss measured as changes in foliage projective cover, fire, increases in the human population and climate change in the form of changes in temperature and rainfall, to the regional decline of this species. Key results We found a marked, long-term shrinkage in the distribution of the koala across the Eden region. Our modelling demonstrated that a succession of multiple threats to koalas from land use (human population growth and habitat loss) and environmental change (temperature increase and drought) were significant contributors to this decline. Conclusions Climate change, particularly drought and rising temperatures, has been a hitherto hidden factor that has been a major driver of the decline of the koala in the Eden region. Implications Development of strategies to help fauna adapt to the changing climate is of paramount importance, particularly at a local scale.
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Cristescu, Romane, Valma Cahill, William B. Sherwin, Kathrine Handasyde, Kris Carlyon, Desley Whisson, Catherine A. Herbert, Britt Louise J. Carlsson, Alan N. Wilton, and Des W. Cooper. "Inbreeding and testicular abnormalities in a bottlenecked population of koalas (Phascolarctos cinereus)." Wildlife Research 36, no. 4 (2009): 299. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr08010.

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Habitat destruction and fragmentation, interactions with introduced species or the relocation of animals to form new populations for conservation purposes may result in a multiplication of population bottlenecks. Examples are the translocations of koalas to French Island and its derivative Kangaroo Island population, with both populations established as insurance policies against koala extinction. In terms of population size, these conservation programs were success stories. However, the genetic story could be different. We conducted a genetic investigation of French and Kangaroo Island koalas by using 15 microsatellite markers, 11 of which are described here for the first time. The results confirm very low genetic diversity. French Island koalas have 3.8 alleles per locus and Kangaroo Island koalas 2.4. The present study found a 19% incidence of testicular abnormality in Kangaroo Island animals. Internal relatedness, an individual inbreeding coefficient, was not significantly different in koalas with testicular abnormalities from that in other males, suggesting the condition is not related to recent inbreeding. It could instead result from an unfortunate selection of founder individuals carrying alleles for testicular abnormalities, followed by a subsequent increase in these alleles’ frequencies through genetic drift and small population-related inefficiency of selection. Given the low diversity and possible high prevalence of deleterious alleles, the genetic viability of the population remains uncertain, despite its exponential growth so far. This stands as a warning to other introductions for conservation reasons.
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Cristescu, Romane, Valma Cahill, William B. Sherwin, Kathrine Handasyde, Kris Carlyon, Desley Whisson, Catherine A. Herbert, Britt Louise J. Carlsson, Alan N. Wilton, and Des W. Cooper. "Corrigendum to: Inbreeding and testicular abnormalities in a bottlenecked population of koalas (Phascolarctos cinereus)." Wildlife Research 39, no. 4 (2012): 374. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr08010_co.

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Habitat destruction and fragmentation, interactions with introduced species or the relocation of animals to form new populations for conservation purposes may result in a multiplication of population bottlenecks. Examples are the translocations of koalas to French Island and its derivative Kangaroo Island population, with both populations established as insurance policies against koala extinction. In terms of population size, these conservation programs were success stories. However, the genetic story could be different. We conducted a genetic investigation of French and Kangaroo Island koalas by using 15 microsatellite markers, 11 of which are described here for the first time. The results confirm very low genetic diversity. French Island koalas have 3.8 alleles per locus and Kangaroo Island koalas 2.4. The present study found a 19% incidence of testicular abnormality in Kangaroo Island animals. Internal relatedness, an individual inbreeding coefficient, was not significantly different in koalas with testicular abnormalities from that in other males, suggesting the condition is not related to recent inbreeding. It could instead result from an unfortunate selection of founder individuals carrying alleles for testicular abnormalities, followed by a subsequent increase in these alleles' frequencies through genetic drift and small population-related inefficiency of selection. Given the low diversity and possible high prevalence of deleterious alleles, the genetic viability of the population remains uncertain, despite its exponential growth so far. This stands as a warning to other introductions for conservation reasons.
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Jurskis, Vic. "Ecological history of the koala and implications for management." Wildlife Research 44, no. 7 (2017): 471. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr17032.

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Assessments of the conservation status of koalas and trends in their population have been based on mostly unstated false assumptions about their pre-European status and on notions that either they were naturally regulated by their predators, chiefly Aborigines and dingoes, or that they somehow ‘self-regulated’ their fecundity. Closer examination of their ecological history suggests that frequent mild burning by Aborigines maintained eucalypt forests having fewer, mostly healthy trees, fewer young trees, canopies comprising mostly hard and dry leaves with low nutrient content, and, consequently, very few koalas. European explorers did not see them because they were solitary animals occupying large home ranges. After burning was disrupted, koalas responded to increased food resources in dense new growth of eucalypts and in stressed trees continually turning over new foliage. An export skin industry flourished. When their food resources were depleted by clearing or ringbarking of new growth and/or death of declining stands during droughts, koalas crashed back to low levels. Koalas continue to irrupt and decline through much of their range according to changing land management. Wildlife managers should re-assess their status and their management from a clear historical and ecological perspective.
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Trueman, Stephen J., Tracey V. McMahon, Elektra L. Grant, David A. Walton, and Helen M. Wallace. "Designing food and habitat trees for urban koalas: graft compatibility, survival and height of tall eucalypt species grafted onto shorter rootstocks." Australian Journal of Botany 62, no. 3 (2014): 196. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt14060.

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The Corymbia and Eucalyptus species eaten by koalas are generally large trees, but these are often unpopular with urban landowners and councils because of the dangers of limbs falling from a great height. We aimed to develop shorter koala food and habitat trees for urban areas by heterografting tall eucalypt species onto rootstocks of shorter species and comparing their survival and growth with homografted trees and control ungrafted trees. In total, 12 of 14 interspecific scion/rootstock combinations were grafted successfully in the nursery but graft compatibility and field survival depended on taxonomic relatedness. The six interspecific combinations that had multiple surviving trees at 5 years after planting were all between species within the same taxonomic section or between a species and its own interspecific hybrid. Almost all trees died from grafts between species in different taxonomic sections. In most cases, the height of surviving interspecific grafted trees did not differ from control intraspecific grafted trees or from ungrafted trees of their scion species. Grafting elicited a ‘thrive or not survive’ response that diminished its usefulness for producing shorter trees. However, one combination, E. moluccana/E. behriana, had field survival of 40% and reduced height (4.0 m vs 9.9 m). These could be valuable habitat trees for koalas and other fauna in urban areas.
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Hynes, Emily F., Chris D. Nave, Geoff Shaw, and Marilyn B. Renfree. "Effects of levonorgestrel on ovulation and oestrous behaviour in the female tammar wallaby." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 19, no. 2 (2007): 335. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rd06063.

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Subcutaneous hormone implants are a useful method for managing overabundant marsupials in restricted enclosures in Australia. Levonorgestrel induces long-term infertility in the kangaroo, tammar wallaby and koala, although the contraceptive mechanism of levonorgestrel is unknown for any marsupial. In the present study, it was investigated if insertion of a single levonorgestrel or control implant at the time of reactivation of the diapausing blastocyst affected the subsequent post-partum oestrus or the preceding follicular development. Twenty levonorgestrel-treated and 16 control animals were autopsied the day before birth and the accompanying post-partum oestrus (Day 25), and 10 levonorgestrel-treated and five of the nine control animals were autopsied 3–4 days (Days 29–30) after the expected birth and oestrus. Peripartum behaviour was observed and birth and mating times were recorded. Levonorgestrel treatment did not prevent follicular growth because there was no significant difference between treatment and control animals in the size of the dominant follicle at Day 25. None of the levonorgestrel-treated females autopsied at Days 29–30 had ovulated (n = 10), in contrast to controls, where four of the five that were autopsied had ovulated. Mating occurred in eight of nine control animals but in only three of 10 levonorgestrel-treated females. Males showed a more sustained period of interest in the three that were mated than in the controls, and mating took place significantly later after birth (36 v. 10 h; P = 0.038). Follicular growth and development was not blocked in any female but only one-third of the animals mated and none ovulated after levonorgestrel treatment. These results suggest that levonorgestrel inhibits the preovulatory surge of luteinising hormone.
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Gordon, G. "Estimation of the age of the Koala, Phascolarctos cinereus (Marsupialia: Phascolarctidae), from tooth wear and growth." Australian Mammalogy 14, no. 1 (1991): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/am91001.

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Wear of the premolar and molar teeth of the Koala, Phascolarctos cinereus, was studied at two localities, in central and southern Queensland respectively. Tooth wear was classified into 10 tooth wear classes (TWC). Mean ages were determined for TWCs 1- 6, ranging from 1.2 to 7.3 years. An age estimate is also given for TWC 7 (9 years), but is based on data from only one known age animal. Rate of tooth wear varied greatly between animals from the same area, but there was no difference in rate of wear between the two localities, at which diets differed (Eucalyptus tereticornis / E. microtheca versus E. populnea). TWC is useful for dividing samples of animals from P. cinereus populations into separate age classes and for giving an approximation to the age of particular animals. The correlation between age and head length of P. cinereus of known year class was examined. Head length differs between P. cinereus from year classes 0, I and 2, and may be used to place animals in this age range into a year class.
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Osawa, Ro, Tomohiko Fujisawa, and Tomotari Mitsuoka. "Characterization of Gram-negative Anaerobic Strains, Isolated from Koala Feces, which Exhibit Satellite Growth and Pleomorphism." Systematic and Applied Microbiology 15, no. 4 (December 1992): 628–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0723-2020(11)80126-8.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Koala growth and behaviour"

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Logan, Murray. "Nutritional stresses and the feeding behaviour and activity patterns of free-ranging koalas (Phascolarctos cinereus : Goldfuss)." Monash University, School of Biological Sciences, 2003. http://arrow.monash.edu.au/hdl/1959.1/9593.

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Ma, Xun 1952. "Sintering and grain growth behaviour of Si3N4 ceramics." Thesis, McGill University, 1992. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=56789.

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During sintering, $ rm Si sb3N sb4$ transforms through a liquid phase from the metastable $ alpha$ phase to the stable $ beta$ phase. In this work, $ rm Y sb2O sb3, Al sb2O sb3$ and AlN were added as liquid-forming additives, which react with surface SiO$ sb2$ on the $ rm Si sb3N sb4$ particles. The mechanism of pressureless sintering $ rm Si sb3N sb4$ with these additives was a combination of particle rearrangement, solution-precipitation and elimination of closed porosity. The rate of densification and $ alpha$-$ beta$ phase transformation were strongly influenced by the amount and viscosity of liquid phase. The kinetics suggested that the rate of densification increased with $ rm Al sb2O sb3$ content, since the higher viscosity of the liquid provided more capillary pressure. On the other hand, the rate of transformation was improved by a higher $ rm Y sb2O sb3$ content, because of the increased rate of solution and diffusion in the low viscosity liquid environment. In addition, AlN decreased the rates of both densification and transformation, due to its low solubility in the liquid phase.
A morphology analysis was carried out on the samples sintered in the range 1600$ sp circ$C to 1900$ sp circ$C and at 1850$ sp circ$C for various soaking times. The coarsening process of the $ beta$ grains occurred with increasing temperature. Moreover, the $ beta$ grain aspect ratio and size distribution also increased with prolonged sintering. The formation of $ beta$ phase indeed improved the mechanical properties of the materials, however, excessive grain growth led to microcracking, which decreased the strength. The best values were obtained at 1850$ sp circ$C for one hour and corresponded with 98% theoretical density and 100% $ beta$ structure. At higher temperature, the strength decreased, due to decomposition of the $ rm Si sb3N sb4.$
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Howard, Simon William. "Effects of trout on galaxiid growth and antipredator behaviour." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Biological Sciences, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/1438.

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The introduction of trout has been implicated in the declines in native fish fauna in New Zealand and worldwide. Since the introduction of brown (Salmo trutta) and rainbow (Oncorhynchus mykiss) trout to New Zealand in 1867, their distribution has spread and they have been implicated in the fragmentation of native fish distributions, particularly native non-migratory galaxiids. However, in the Upper Waimakariri basin the co-occurrence of trout and galaxiid populations is relatively common, even in streams where trout reach sizes known to be piscivorous. To investigate mechanisms that may regulate trout and galaxiid co-occurrence, I investigated differences in antipredator behaviour and growth rate between stream types with varying levels of trout presence. Using quantitative survey data collected between 1997 and 2006, I found that trout abundance was low and varied annually in frequently disturbed sites compared their high abundance in stable streams. This finding was used to classify streams into three population types, barrier (trout absent), disturbed (trout presence intermittent) and sympatric (constant trout presence). Using this classification, I tested the effects of trout chemical cues on galaxiid activity and refuge use in artificial channels. There were no differences in activity or refuge use between trout odour and there were no effects of population type or galaxiid size during both the day and the night. Using otolith weight-fish length relationships in galaxiids collected from each population type, I found that galaxiid growth rate was higher in disturbed streams than in stable streams either with or without trout. An experiment manipulating trout size and presence, over two months in a natural stream, found galaxiids from treatments without trout grew slower than those with trout. Slow growth rates in galaxiids above trout-migration barriers and in sympatry, combined with low growth rates in treatments without trout suggest that the mechanisms that regulate galaxiid growth are more complex than previously thought.
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Wang, Fei. "Austenite grain growth behaviour of HSLA steel during reheating treatment." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2017. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/7415/.

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The grain growth behaviour during reheating between 950 ºC and 1300 ºC of as-cast Al-Nb steel (containing 0.019 wt% Nb and 0.057 wt% Al) and rolled Nb-containing steel (containing 0.028 wt% Nb and 0.031 wt% Al) have been investigated. In particular the role of microalloying element segregation during casting and, hence the spatial distribution of microalloying precipitates, on grain boundary pinning during reheating has been considered. The Al-Nb containing steel has been examined in separate initial conditions, including as-cast (segregated structure), homogenised and forged (reduced separation of segregated bands) samples. It was found that microalloy segregation occurred between the dendritic and interdendritic regions, where the secondary dendrite arm spacing (SDAS) was 150 ± 50 μm. Nb showed strong segregation into the interdendritic regions resulting in a higher number density of Nb(C,N) precipitates (2.64 × 104 /mm2) compared to the dendritic region (0.73 × 104 /mm2). However, Al did not show strong segregation resulting in relatively well-distributed AlN precipitates in the matrix (1.29× 104 /mm2 in the interdendritic region and 1.89× 104 /mm2 in the dendritic region). After forging, the separation between the segregated bands was reduced to 65 ± 10 μm from the previous 150 ± 50 μm in the as-cast sample. The increased Nb content in the rolled Nb-containing steel compared to the Al-Nb steel gave a greater extent of segregation in the solute-enriched regions resulting in a larger number density of Nb(C,N) present (5.9× 104 /mm2), whilst the separation between in the segregated bands in the as-rolled Nb-containing steel was 35 ± 10 μm.
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Whiteman, G. R. "Filamentous and dispersed growth in anaerobic contact systems." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.354402.

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Shi, Wei. "Growth and Behaviour : Epigenetic and Genetic Factors Involved in Hybrid Dysgenesis." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Zoologisk utvecklingsbiologi, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-4784.

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In mammals, the most frequently observed hybrid dysgenesis effects are growth disturbances and male sterility. Profound defects in placental development have been described and our work on hybrids in genus Mus has demonstrated putative hybrid dysgenesis effects that lead to defects in lipid homeostasis and maternal behavior. Interestingly, mammalian interspecies hybrids exhibit strong parent-of-origin effects in that offspring of reciprocal matings, even though genetically identical, frequently exhibit reciprocal phenotypes. Recent studies have provided strong link between epigenetic regulation and growth, behavior and placental development. Widespread disruption of genomic imprinting has been described in hybrids between closely related species of the genus Peromyscus. The studies presented in this thesis aim to investigate the effects of disrupted epigenetics states on altered growth, female infanticide and placental dysplasia observed in Mus hybrids. We showed that loss-of-imprinting (LOI) of a paternally expressed gene, Peg1, was correlated with increased body weight of F1 hybrids. Furthermore, we investigated whether LOI of Peg1 in F1 females would interfere with maternal behavior. A subset of F1 females indeed exhibited highly abnormal maternal behavior in that they rapidly attacked and killed the pups. By microarray hybridization, a large number of differentially expressed genes in the infanticidal females as compared to normally behaving females were identified. In addtion to Peg1 LOI, we studied allelic expression of numerous imprinted genes in adult Mus interspecies hybrids. In contrast to the study from Peromyscus, patterns of LOI were not consistent with a direct influence of altered expression levels of imprinted genes on growth. Finally, we investigated the allelic interaction between an X-linked locus and a paternally expressed gene, Peg3, in placental defects in Mus hybrids. This study further strengthened the notion that divergent genetic and epigenetic mechanisms may be involved in hybrid dysgenesis in diverse groups of mammals.
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Murtaza, Ghulam. "Corrosion fatigue short crack growth behaviour in a high strength steel." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.734606.

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Wang, Chun Hui. "The effect of mean stresses on short fatigue crack growth behaviour." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.364694.

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Gadagkar, Sudhindra R. "Social behaviour and growth rate variation in cultivated tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/nq24740.pdf.

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Huang, Shuwen. "Molecular genetic epidemiological studies of smoking behaviour and growth promoting genes." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.484852.

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Objectives: 1. Smoking is a major cause of death and often initiates in adolescence. Raploinsufficiency of CYP2A6 in adults is associated with lower cigarette consumption, lower cotinine level and higher quit rates. Other genes are also implicated in smoking behaviour. I explored genotypes of CYP2A6 and other genes in relation to smoking behaviour and cotinine levels in the UK-wide School Heart and Health Study (SHHS). 2. The associations between low birthweight and adult disorders have been widely investigated. Environmental factors have been widely investigated but there has been less focus on genetic factors. There is however evidence that GH-CSH influences adult OR level, one year weight, metabolic syndrome traits and bone loss. I focused on major growth genes in relation to birthweight and other metabolic traits in the SHHS cohort. 3. Results from previous studies led to the hypothesis that some ACE D allele phenotypic associations may represent proxy marking of causal factors located in the GH-CSHgene cluster. I tested this hypothesis for cardiac muscle growth response to exercise and ACE level in a British army heart study cohort. Methods: 1. 1,520 subjects from the SHHS were genotyped for CYP2A6 alleles *lA, *IB, *2, *4, *5, *9 and *12 to classify predicted nicotine metabolism rate. DBB, MAOA, DRD4 and 5HT2A markers were also studied. 2. Microsatellites CSHI.OI and IGFI(CA)n were genotyped and analysed in relation to birthweight and other metabolic traits in the SHHS cohort. 3. Combined analyses ofACEYD and GH-CSHBgl IlB in relation to exercise induced left ventricular mass (LVM) change and serum ACE activity were investigated in a group of Caucasian males in the UK. Linkage disequilibrium (LD) analysis and other genetic statistical analysis were carried out. Results: 1. Those predicted to be half normal metabolisers due to haploinsufficiency ofCYP2A6 (carriers of one fully inactive allele, i.e. *2, *4, or *5) were more likely to be a current smoker at age 18 years. Current versus ever odds ratio was 1.95 (95% C.I. 1.03-3.68). Salivary cotinine levels in current smokers were significantly lower in the 'normal' group compared with 'slow' or 'very slow' group. 2. The CSHI.OI IT genotype in the SHHS boys showed a higher birthweight compared with those DIDI or D2D2 genotype. There was no evidence for association ofthe IGFI(CA)n genotype with birthweight in the SHHS, but boys of 1921192bp genotype did show a leg length 0.65cm greater (p=0.05) than those not homozygous for allele I92bp. 3. A significant association between GH-CSHBgl lIB and ACE activity was detected but only through its LD with ACEYD. No association between GH-CSHBgl lIB and LVM change was found. Conclusions: 1. CYP2A6 haploinsufficiency increases likelihood of continuing smoking in teenagers. 2. My study provides evidence for effects ofGH-CSHon birthweight in males. Complexities ofmy data relative to previous data are discussed. 3. Cardiac muscle growth response to exercise and ACE levels both appear to be attributable to ACE polymorphism and not to nearby GH-CSHpolymorphism, although this does not exclude otherACE attributed phenotypes being due to GH-CSHvariation.
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Books on the topic "Koala growth and behaviour"

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Edwards, P. R. Short-crack growth behaviour in various aircraft materials. Neuilly sur Seine: Agard, 1990.

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Edwards, P. R. Short-crack growth behaviour in various aircraft materials. Neuilly sur Seine, France: AGARD, 1990.

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ill, Zhao Xiaoyin, and Xu Lu, eds. Xiao shu xiong chu men. [Xianggang] Quanwan: Jiao yu chu ban she you xian gong si, 2004.

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ill, Zhao Xiaoyin, and Xu Lu, eds. Xiao shu xiong chu men. Nanjing Shi: Jiangsu shao nian er tong chu ban she, 2002.

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Marco, Buti, Hagen Jürgen von, and Martinez-Mongay Carlos, eds. The behaviour of fiscal authorities: Stabilization, growth and institutions. Houndmills: Palgrave, 2002.

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Regional behaviour: Political values and economic growth in European regions. Aldershot: Ashgate, 2001.

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Singh, Sukhpal. Agricultural machinery industry in India: Growth, structure, marketing and buyer behaviour. New Delhi: Allied Publishers, 2010.

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Kumar, Deb Uttam, and Centre for Policy Dialogue (Bangladesh), eds. Bangladesh 2020: An analysis of growth prospects and external sector behaviour. Dhaka: Centre for Policy Dialogue, 2006.

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Bosworth, Derek L. Barriers to growth in small businesses: Management attitudes, behaviour and abilities. Coventry: University of Warwick, Institute for Employment Research, 1987.

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Zheng, Junhua. Characterisation of the fatigue crack growth behaviour of advanced aero-engine alloys. Portsmouth: University of Portsmouth, Dept. of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, 1997.

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Book chapters on the topic "Koala growth and behaviour"

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Martins, Jo M., Farhat Yusuf, and David A. Swanson. "Growth of Global Markets." In Consumer Demographics and Behaviour, 71–82. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-1855-5_5.

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Martins, Jo M., Farhat Yusuf, and David A. Swanson. "Population Growth in Global Markets." In Consumer Demographics and Behaviour, 55–70. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-1855-5_4.

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Pietronero, L., R. Cafiero, and A. Gabrielli. "Fractal growth with quenched disorder." In Complex Behaviour of Glassy Systems, 426–37. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bfb0104845.

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van Sinderen, Jarig, and Theo J. A. Roelandt. "Policy Implications of Endogenous Growth Models." In Market Behaviour and Macroeconomic Modelling, 341–58. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-26732-3_13.

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Ellyin, Fernand. "Growth and behaviour of small cracks." In Fatigue Damage, Crack Growth and Life Prediction, 415–41. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1509-1_9.

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Aghion, Philippe. "The Schumpeterian Approach to Education and Growth." In Institutional Change and Economic Behaviour, 99–112. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230583429_5.

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Delmar, Frédéric, Jan P. Warhuus, Per Andersson, Hans Landström, Istemi Demirag, and Andrew Tylecote. "Innovation, Growth and Entrepreneurship." In Risk Behaviour and Risk Management in Business Life, 197–224. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-2909-3_4.

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Vaz, Eric, Teresa de Noronha, and Peter Nijkamp. "The Spatial-Institutional Architecture of Innovative Behaviour." In Applied Regional Growth and Innovation Models, 35–50. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-37819-5_3.

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Oberparleiter, W., and P. Agatonovic. "Prediction of Crack Growth in High Temperature Components Using Creep Crack Growth and Fatigue Crack Growth Data." In Low Cycle Fatigue and Elasto-Plastic Behaviour of Materials, 308–13. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3459-7_46.

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van Neerven, Jan. "Spectral bound and growth bound." In The Asymptotic Behaviour of Semigroups of Linear Operators, 1–24. Basel: Birkhäuser Basel, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-0348-9206-3_1.

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Conference papers on the topic "Koala growth and behaviour"

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Liu, C. D., M. C. Chaturvedi, Y. F. Han, and M. G. Yan. "Creep Crack Growth Behaviour of Alloy 718." In Superalloys. TMS, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.7449/1991/superalloys_1991_537_548.

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Saravanakumar, R., K. S. Ramakrishna, and B. Avinash Kanna. "Fatigue crack growth behaviour of Al-Li alloys." In PROCEEDING OF INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON RECENT TRENDS IN APPLIED PHYSICS AND MATERIAL SCIENCE: RAM 2013. AIP, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4810507.

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Cha, C. L., H. J. Chong, H. G. Yaw, M. Y. Chong, and C. H. Teo. "Cu-Al Intermetallic Growth Behaviour Study Under High Temperature Thermal Aging." In 2018 IEEE 38th International Electronics Manufacturing Technology Conference (IEMT). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iemt.2018.8511626.

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Schneider, Martin, and Elisabeth Wiegele. "PETROLOGY AND GROWTH BEHAVIOUR OF VEGETATION IN RELATION TO TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURES." In 21st SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference Proceedings 2021. STEF92 Technology, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2021v/6.2/s26.15.

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DAVID, BEN, and BENZION U. "Heterogeneous Population Economic Growth and Income Distribution." In International Conference on Advances in Economics, Social Science and Human Behaviour Study - ESSHBS 2015. Institute of Research Engineers and Doctors, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.15224/978-1-63248-041-5-66.

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Joyce, M. R., and P. A. S. Reed. "Fatigue Crack Growth Behaviour Under Mixed Mode Loading in UDIMET 720 SX." In Superalloys. TMS, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.7449/2004/superalloys_2004_295_303.

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Hunt, D. W., D. K. Skelton, and D. M. Knowles. "Microstructural Stability and Crack Growth Behaviour of a Polycrystalline Nickel-Base Superalloy." In Superalloys. TMS, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.7449/2000/superalloys_2000_795_802.

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Goldman, Jacki P., William J. Gullick, Dennis Bray, and Colin G. Johnson. "Individual-based simulation of the clustering behaviour of epidermal growth factor receptors." In the 2002 ACM symposium. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/508791.508817.

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Mourad, Abdel-Hamid I., and Aladdin Abu-Assi. "Effect of Machining Process on Stable Crack Growth." In ASME 2009 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2009-78085.

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This paper aims to present an experimental evidence of the effect of machining process on stable crack growth behaviour (SCG) through AISI 4340 low alloy steel. Brittle fracture behaviour had been discovered in a batch of compact tension CT specimens, unlike previous batches that had shown ductile (stable crack growth) behaviour. This was unexpected, and indeed, was anomalous. An investigation was thus carried out to understand what processes that have affected the behaviour. Such anomalous brittle behaviour was observed while performing the fracture test on the affected specimen. The load-load displacement (P-ΔLL) curves show that the “normal” specimen exhibiting stable crack growth and the non-linear region, in the anomalous curve of the anomalous specimens, is rather limited. This indicates very limited, if any, stable crack growth. Fracture tests were carried out on CT specimens with different heat treatments to find the cause of this unexpected embrittlement. Microhardness measurements, tensile tests and microscopic (SEM) examination were also carried out and reported. The results suggest that, a great attention is needed during machining process to avoid accidental changes in the properties and to avoid misleading experimental results.
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Pavankumar, T. V., J. Chattopadhyay, B. K. Dutta, and H. S. Kushwaha. "Numerical Simulation of Load Deformation Behaviour of Cracked Piping Components Considering Crack Growth." In ASME/JSME 2004 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2004-2581.

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Conventional elastic plastic fracture analysis does not consider the crack growth and thus it cannot give the complete load deformation behaviour of cracked components. In the present paper numerical methodology is proposed to simulated the load deformation behaviour of cracked components considering the crack growth. In the present analysis, the components under study are the 8” straight pipes/elbows and 12” straight pipes having circumferential through wall crack with different initial crack angles. The tests have been performed on these piping components and TPBB/CT fracture specimens under Component Integrity Test Program at Bhabha Atomic Research Center (BARC), India. 3-D elastic-plastic finite element analyses have been carried out on the specimens and piping components to investigate the stress triaxiality ahead of crack tip. The reference JR curve has been selected based on similar triaxiality level as that of piping components, which are to be analysed. Present paper verifies the importance of stress triaxility while selecting the specimen J-R curve and discusses the extrapolation of specimen J-R curve. The applicability of the proposed numerical methodology is shown by comparing with the experimental results.
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Reports on the topic "Koala growth and behaviour"

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Cooper, Michael William Donald, I. Greenquist, M. R. Tonks, G. Pastore, K. Shirvan, Christopher Richard Stanek, and Anders David Ragnar Andersson. Milestone Report: Grain growth and fission gas behaviour in doped UO2 M2MS-18LA0201034. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1477619.

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Rajarajan, Kunasekaran, Alka Bharati, Hirdayesh Anuragi, Arun Kumar Handa, Kishor Gaikwad, Nagendra Kumar Singh, Kamal Prasad Mohapatra, et al. Status of perennial tree germplasm resources in India and their utilization in the context of global genome sequencing efforts. World Agroforestry, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5716/wp20050.pdf.

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Tree species are characterized by their perennial growth habit, woody morphology, long juvenile period phase, mostly outcrossing behaviour, highly heterozygosity genetic makeup, and relatively high genetic diversity. The economically important trees have been an integral part of the human life system due to their provision of timber, fruit, fodder, and medicinal and/or health benefits. Despite its widespread application in agriculture, industrial and medicinal values, the molecular aspects of key economic traits of many tree species remain largely unexplored. Over the past two decades, research on forest tree genomics has generally lagged behind that of other agronomic crops. Genomic research on trees is motivated by the need to support genetic improvement programmes mostly for food trees and timber, and develop diagnostic tools to assist in recommendation for optimum conservation, restoration and management of natural populations. Research on long-lived woody perennials is extending our molecular knowledge and understanding of complex life histories and adaptations to the environment, enriching a field that has traditionally drawn its biological inference from a few short-lived herbaceous species. These concerns have fostered research aimed at deciphering the genomic basis of complex traits that are related to the adaptive value of trees. This review summarizes the highlights of tree genomics and offers some priorities for accelerating progress in the next decade.
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Dudley, Lynn M., Uri Shani, and Moshe Shenker. Modeling Plant Response to Deficit Irrigation with Saline Water: Separating the Effects of Water and Salt Stress in the Root Uptake Function. United States Department of Agriculture, March 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2003.7586468.bard.

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Standard salinity management theory, derived from blending thermodynamic and semi- empirical considerations leads to an erroneous perception regarding compensative interaction among salinity stress factors. The current approach treats matric and osmotic components of soil water potential separately and then combines their effects to compute overall response. With deficit water a severe yield decrease is expected under high salinity, yet little or no reduction is predicted for excess irrigation, irrespective of salinity level. Similarly, considerations of competition between chloride and nitrate ions have lead to compensation hypothesis and to application of excess nitrate under saline conditions. The premise of compensative interaction of growth factors behind present practices (that an increase in water application alleviates salinity stress) may result in collateral environmental damage. Over-irrigation resulting in salinization and elevated ground water threatens productivity on a global scale. Other repercussions include excessive application of nitrate to compensate for salinity, unwillingness to practice deficit irrigation with saline water, and under-utilization of marginal water. The objectives for the project were as follows: 1) To develop a database for model parameterization and validation by studying yield and transpiration response to water availability, excessive salinity and salt composition. 2) To modify the root sink terms of an existing mechanism-based model(s) of water flow, transpiration, crop yield, salt transport, and salt chemistry. 3) To develop conceptual and quantitative models of ion uptake that considers the soil solution concentration and composition. 4) To develop a conceptual and quantitative models of effects of NaCl and boron accumulation on yield and transpiration. 5) To add a user interface to the water flow, transpiration, crop yield, salt transport, chemistry model to make it easy for others to use. We conducted experiments in field plots and lysimeters to study biomass production and transpiration of com (Zeamays cv. Jubilee), melon (Cucumismelo subsp. melo cv. Galia), tomato (Lycopersiconesculentum Mill. cv. 5656), onion (Alliumcepa L. cv. HA 944), and date palms (Phoenix Dactylifera L. cv. Medjool) under salinity combined with water or with nitrate (growth promoters) or with boron (growth inhibitor). All factors ranged from levels not limiting to plant function to severe inhibition. For cases of combined salinity with water stress, or excess boron, we observed neither additive nor compensative effects on plant yield and transpiration. In fact, yield and transpiration at each combination of the various factors were primarily controlled by one of them, the most limiting factor to plant activity. We proposed a crop production model of the form Yr = min{gi(xi), where Yr = Yi ym-1 is relative yield,Ym is the maximum yield obtained in each experiment, Xi is an environmental factor, gi is a piecewise-linear response function, Yi is yield of a particular treatment. We selected a piecewise-linear approach because it highlights the irrigation level where the response to one factor ceases and a second factor begins. The production functions generate response "envelopes" containing possible yields with diagonal lines represent response to Xi alone and the lines parallel to the X-axis represent response to salinity alone. A multiplicative model was also derived approximating the limiting behaviour for incorporation in a hydrochemical model. The multiplicative model was selected because the response function was required to be continuous. The hydrochemical model was a better predictor of field-measured water content and salt profiles than models based on an additive and compensative model of crop response to salinity and water stress.
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STUDY ON MICROMECHANICAL FRACTURE MODELS OF STRUCTURAL STEEL AND ITS WELDS. The Hong Kong Institute of Steel Construction, June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18057/ijasc.2021.17.2.2.

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Steel structures have been widely used in constructions due to their advantages of lightweight, high strength, short construction time and high recycling and reuse potential. Fracture failure in steel structures should be prevented to avoid collapse of the whole structures. Micromechanical fracture models can capture the fracture initiation mechanisms and therefore can be used to predict ductile fractures in steel. Twelve smooth round bars were carried out to obtain the material properties and 36 notched round bars were tested to calibrate the parameters of stress modified critical strain (SMCS) model and the void growth model (VGM) for structural steels (Q235B and Q345B) and the corresponding welds. Specimens were extracted from the base metal, the weld metal and the heat affected zone (HAZ) to investigate fracture behaviour in different parts of the welded joint. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) measurements were taken and finite element models were developed to calibrate the models. The test results and calibrated parameters are reported. Moreover, the calibrated models are applied to analyses the fracture behaviour of welded joints and their accuracy are validated. The calibrated and validated models can be used for further numerical fracture analysis in welded steel structures.
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