Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Knowledge society environment'

Fishing is an ancient way of food gathering, which has been instrumental for the healthy living of many people, for many years. Nowadays, fishing is particularly important to developing countries since the value of fish surpasses that of agricultural commodities such as sugar and rice. People living along the coast have been harvesting marine resources for basic subsistence for generations and at present several small-scale fisheries operate along the South African coastline, ranging from the shore-based harvesting of intertidal resources such as mussels, to the targeting of migratory line-fish stocks using small motorized vessels. Due to their high dependence on marine resource harvesting, small-scale fishers (SSF) are among the most vulnerable socio-economic groups, and while small-scale fisheries employ the vast majority of the world's fishers, they are often marginalized and ignored. The lack of appropriate governance in South African small-scale fisheries has made it hard for fishers to benefit from the resources that are readily available to them. However, changes within fisheries management practices have led to the move from conventional resource-centred strategies to management approaches that recognize the complexity of the sector. The new small-scale fisheries policy, currently in its implementation phase, embraces many of these new approaches but does not necessary prepare small-scale fishers to actively participate in the co-management of their resources. Furthermore, the lack of reliable data and information about small-scale fisheries, due to historical marginalisation, is currently one of the primary challenges facing the sector in the country, and preventing small-fishers from demonstrating to policy makers the potential of the sector to contribute towards food security and poverty eradication. The purpose of this study was to explore the potential of a mobile app in bringing about a co-production of fisheries knowledge and stimulating the co-management of fisheries, using the fishing communities of Lambertsbaai on the West Coast and Struisbaai along the South Coast as case studies. The research aimed to understand and assess the concerns and uncertainties of formalizing the mobile app (Abalobi) and explore if the mobile app can entice fishers' enthusiasm towards the implementation of

The City of Cape Town is under increasing pressure to develop sustainable urban policies and plans to be able to mitigate and prepare for impacts of environmental change. Both city practitioners and academic researchers in Cape Town believe that one knowledge base is not sufficient to attempt to address the 'wicked problems' associated with environmental change, and that there is a need for collaboration among different knowledge types. This case study considers the value of facilitating an engaged interaction between academics and practitioners in order to co-produce knowledge that can be more relevant and useful for addressing sustainable urban planning challenges. A process of qualitative research by means of interviews with practitioners and researchers within the Cape Town Knowledge Transfer Programme revealed that a more engaged interaction between the researchers and the practitioners, who are the likely users of that research, generates more valuable knowledge and solutions for addressing sustainable urban planning challenges. This case study found that the engaged interaction was immeasurably valuable for both of the institutions, as well as the knowledge produced during the interaction, and the individuals involved in it. The results and implications for partnerships between academic researchers and city practitioners is discussed.

This research project investigates the implementation of a learning community approach in two rural Australian communities with a particular focus on the initiatives of a primary school in each community. Case study research describes and analyses the developments in each community and a cross case analysis examines similarities and differences in approach and outcomes.

Konsumtionen har idag blivit en stor del av samhället och människans vardagliga liv. Särskilt hos unga individer förekommer det en benägenhet att konsumera mer för att uppnå en högre social status och skapa en identitet genom konsumtionen. Det var därför intressant att undersöka varför unga individer konsumerar trots att de idag besitter en hög miljömedvetenhet. Syftet med studien var att undersöka unga individers konsumtionsvanor samt hur de förhåller sig till sina konsumtionsvanor i relation till det rådande miljöproblemet. Till det formulerades även tre frågeställningar för att kunna uppfylla syftet, vilka var: ”Hur ser intervjupersonerna på sina konsumtionsvanor?”, ”Hur ser intervjupersonerna på miljön?” samt ”Hur upplever intervjupersonerna sina konsumtionsvanor i förhållande till miljön?”. Det teoretiska ramverket består av teorier om konsumtion och konsumtionssamhället i vilket individer skapar sig en identitet med de varor de konsumerar. Empirin samlades in genom semistrukturerade intervjuer med åtta personer i åldrarna 18–25. Under intervjuerna ställdes frågor som var baserade på olika teman, vilka var härledda är det teoretiska ramverket samt från syfte och frågeställningar. Dessa teman rörde intervjupersonernas konsumtionsvanor, miljömedvetenhet samt förhållandet mellan dessa. Resultatet visade att intervjupersonernas konsumtionsvanor varierar, men att konsumtionen är en stor del av deras liv. Merparten konsumerar saker de upplever trendiga eftersom de i viss mån påverkas av andras åsikter och vad de ser andra personer konsumera. Intervjupersonerna upplever positiva känslor vid konsumtion till en början, för att sedan uppleva ångest över att de har spenderat pengar och således minimerat möjligheten för att konsumera ytterligare. Samtliga intervjupersoner ansåg att en bättre ekonomi hade möjliggjort för en önskad ökad konsumtion. Intervjupersonernas miljömedvetenhet varierar även den stort där samtliga är medvetna om det rådande miljöproblemet varpå merparten känner en oro för framtiden. Dock kände intervjupersonerna en hopplöshet eftersom de upplevde att deras engagemang inte hjälper klimatet i det stora hela vilket resulterar i inaktivitet även hos de som har en stor miljömedvetenhet. Medvetenheten kring deras konsumtionsvanors påverkan på miljön är låg varpå samtliga menar att dåliga vanor är svåra att bryta. Intervjupersonerna känner en stark vilja att konsumera nya varor och det finns en ständig rädsla att inte passa in på grund av en bristande konsumtion. Detta väger därför högre än deras medvetenhet kring konsumtionens negativa påverkan på miljön.
Consumption has today become a large part of human life. Especially for young individuals there is a tendency to consume more to achieve a higher social status and create an identity through consumption. It was therefore interesting to investigate why young individuals consume despite the fact that they today has a high environmental awareness. The aim of this study was to investigate the consumption habits of young individuals and how their feelings are towards their consumption habits in relation to the current environmental problem. In addition three questions were stated to fulfill the aim of the study, these were stated as followed: “How do the interviewees understand their consumption habits?”, “How do the interviewees understand the environment?” and “How do the interviewees experience their consumption habits in relation to the environment?”. The theoretical framework consists of theories of consumption and consumption society in which individuals create an identity with the product they consume. The empire was collected through semi-structured interviews with eight people aged 18-25. The interview questions were based on different themes which referred to the interviewees consumption habits, environmental awareness and the relationship between them. The result showed that the interviewees consumption habits varies but that consumption is a big part of their lives. The majority of the interviewees consume things they found to be trendy, as they to some extent are affected by the opinions of others and what they see other people consume. The interviewees experience positive emotions while consuming initially, and then experienced anxiety about having spent money and thus have less money to consume further. All interviewees considered that a better economy had made it possible for a desired increased consumption. The environmental awareness of the interviewees also varies widely, all of which were aware of the current environmental problem and most of them feel anxiety about the future. However, there was a hopelessness amongst the interviewees as they feel that their involvement do not help in the grand scheme of things, which results in inactivity even for those who have environmental knowledge. Awareness of the impact of their consumption habits on the environment is low, and all believed that bad habits are difficult to break. The interviewees feel a strong desire to consume new goods and there is a constant fear of not fitting in because of a lack of consumption and that therefore outweighs their awareness of the negative impact of consumption on the environment.

O Fórum Delta do Jacuí foi criado na busca por respostas efetivas à crise ambiental vigente na pesca artesanal em sua área de abrangência. Observamos que impactos ambientais causados pela pesca predatória e por outras atividades econômicas têm causado a desterritorialização e o concomitante estabelecimento de novos territórios e territorialidades dos pescadores artesanais. Assim, se estabelece um contexto de conflitos e disputas territoriais que influenciam o conteúdo dos conhecimentos tradicionais, que passam a ser entendidos como territoriais. Na assembleia geral do Fórum, ocorre o diálogo de tais conhecimentos com os conhecimentos técnicos e científicos, os quais podem ser compreendidos a partir dos mundos da vida. Esse processo analítico identifica consensos, dissensos e rupturas entre os participantes que dialogam sobre a gestão ambiental e a gestão compartilhada da pesca artesanal. Consideramos que a partir desse diálogo tem se estabelecido um território da ação do referido Fórum, que é substantivado pelos arranjos territoriais que o compõem, bem como corresponde a uma iniciativa de gestão compartilhada territorial da pesca artesanal.
The “Delta do Jacuí” Forum was created in the search for effective responses to the environmental crisis prevailing in artisanal fisheries in their coverage area. We observed that environmental impacts caused by fishing and other economic activities have caused the dispossession and the concomitant establishment of new territories and territoriality of fishermen. Thus, it establishes a context of conflict and territorial disputes that influence the content of traditional knowledge, which are then understood as territorial. At the Forun’s general meeting, occurs the dialogue of such knowledge with the technical and scientific knowledge, which can be understood from the worlds of life. This analytical process identifies consensus, dissent and ruptures among participants that dialogue about environmental management and shared management of artisanal fisheries. We consider that from this dialogue has established a territory of action of this forum, which is the noun territorial by arrangements that compose it, as well as corresponds to an initiative of shared management of territorial fishing.

CAFOs raise tens of thousands of animals in confined cages and feedlots, feed them high calorie diets, and ship them to slaughter in record time. These factory farms (as they are sometimes called) devastate neighboring environments with the releases of toxic methane gas and animal waste. Progress in modernized agricultural production has enabled us to feed the growing population but unintended consequences for human health and neighboring communities are happening. This study examines environmental and human health impacts of CAFOs on Central Mississippi residents. Through analyses of existing studies and data and telephone surveys, the objectives will be met. Risk society theory is used to explain the increase of diseases and environmental risks associated with CAFOs in late modernity. The results do not indicate that neighboring residents of CAFOs in Central Mississippi are more likely to have ill health, a negative quality of life, or environmental degradation, overall.

No Brasil, o acesso aos recursos genéticos e conhecimentos tradicionais são regulamentados pela Medida Provisória n. 2186-16, de 2001. Essa regulamentação não foi capaz de conter a biopirataria, uma prática que data de tempos antigos, e cuja incidência é maior nos países megadiversos. O cupuaçu, objeto de estudo do presente trabalho, foi o primeiro caso de denúncia da biopirataria envolvendo um exemplar da biodiversidade brasileira, mas além dele, outros exemplares de nossa biodiversidade também tiveram seus nomes populares registrados como marca por empresas estrangeiras, entre os quais: o açaí, a copaíba e o jaborandi. Ante a importância do assunto e da escassez de estudos sobre o tema desenvolveu-se a presente pesquisa com o intuito de levantar, discriminar e analisar um conjunto de fatores responsáveis pela ocorrência de práticas de biopirataria tendo como referência o estudo de caso do cupuaçu. Entre os quais destacamos a inexistência de uma lei que configure a biopirataria como crime; a falta de fiscalização nas regiões com maior diversidade biológica; a burocratização gerada pela supramencionada Medida Provisória às pesquisas científicas brasileiras; as limitações dos órgãos responsáveis pela concessão de patentes; as lacunas geradas pela legislação internacional, representada pelo acordo Trips; o fator econômico, relativo ao rendimento econômico que a prática gera às empresas e instituições que se utilizam de recursos genéticos e conhecimento tradicional associado e o fator políticas públicas, dado à necessidade de políticas que valorizem o conhecimento tradicional das comunidades. Para seu combate, propomos formas de iniciativas sociais e políticas de conservação à biodiversidade e proteção ao conhecimento tradicional, onde destacam-se: o fortalecimento das unidades de conservação, principalmente as de uso sustentável por permitirem a presença humana, constituindo-se num importante mecanismo de proteção da nossa biodiversidade e das comunidades tradicionais; a multiplicação do projeto Aldeias Vigilantes: uma nova abordagem na Proteção dos Conhecimentos Tradicionais e no Combate à Biopirataria na Amazônia que visa levar à comunidade indígena um programa de caráter informativo, educativo e conscientizador sobre fatos envolvendo apropriação desautorizada de conhecimentos tradicionais e recursos biológicos da Amazônia, numa linguagem adequada à diversidade étnica e cultural de cada povo; a reflexão e aplicação da Carta dos Pajés de São Luis do Maranhão; o estímulo aos contratos de bioprospecção no Brasil; o incentivo à cooperação Sul-Sul (entre países do hemisfério sul). Além disso, elencamos os elementos necessários para a construção da legislação nacional de acesso e repartição de benefícios, sugeridos a partir das contribuições positivas identificadas nas legislações estrangeiras de acesso e repartição de benefícios; da aplicação das Diretrizes de Bonn; da construção de um sistema de patentes sui generis; aplicação das propostas da CPI da Biopirataria, além das contribuições obtidas com o processo do caso cupuaçu.
In Brazil, the access to the genetic resources and traditional knowledge are controlled by Medida Provisória n. 2186-16, of 2001. This regulation wasnt able to contain the biopiratary, a practice that dates from old times, and whose incidence is bigger in the megadiversos countries. Cupuaçu, object of study of the present work, was the first case of denunciation of biopirataria involving a sample of Brazilian biodiversity, but beyond it, other samples of our biodiversity had also their popular names registered as brands by foreign companies, among them there are: açaí, copaíba and jaborandi. In front of the importance of the subject and the shortage of studies on the subject was developed the present research with the intention to raise, discriminate and to analyze a set of responsible factors for the occurrence of the practice biopiratary having as reference the study of case of cupuaçu. Among them there are: the lack of a law that configures this biopiratary as crime; the lack of fiscalization in the regions with bigger biological diversity; the bureaucratization generated by the Medida Provisória against the Brazilian scientific research; the limitations of the responsible agencies for the concession of patents; the gaps generated for the international legislation, represented for the Trips agreement; the economic factor, relative factor to the economic income that the first practice generates the companies and institutions which use genetic resources and traditional knowledge and the public politics factor, to necessity of politicians that value the traditional knowledge of the communities. For this combat, we consider forms of social initiatives and politics of conservation to biodiversity and protection to the traditional knowledge, where they are distinguished: the strengthening of the units of conservation, mainly of sustainable use for allowing to the presence human being, consisting in an important mechanism of protection of our biodiversity and the traditional communities; the multiplication of the project \"Vigilant Villages: a new boarding in the Protection of the Traditional Knowledge and in the Combat of the Biopiratary in the Amazon\" that aims at taking the aboriginal community a program with informative character, educative and makes counscious on facts involving anauthorized appropriation of traditional knowledge and biological resources of the Amazon, in a suitable language to the ethnic and cultural diversity of each people; the reflection and application of the Letter of the Pajés of São Luis of the Maranhão; the stimulus to contract of bioprospecção in Brazil; the incentive to the cooperation South-South (between countries of the south hemisphere). Moreover, we identify the necessary elements for the construction of the national legislation of access and distribution of benefits, suggested from the positive contributions identified in the foreign legislations of access and distribution of benefits; of the application of Diretrizes of Bonn; the construction of a patentss system sui generis; application of the proposals of the CPI of the Biopiratary, beyond the contributions gotten with the process of the cupuaçus case.

The threat of global climate change increasingly influences the actions of human society. As world leaders have negotiated adaptation strategies over the past couple of decades, a certain discourse has emerged that privileges Western conceptions of environmental degradation. I argue that this framing of climate change inhibits the successful implementation of adaptation strategies. This thesis focuses on a case study of the Maldives, an island nation deemed one of the most vulnerable locations to the impacts of rising sea levels. I apply a postcolonial theoretical framework to examine how differing knowledge systems can both complement and contradict one another. By analyzing government-enforced relocation policies in the Maldives, I find that points of contradiction between Western and indigenous environmental epistemologies can create opportunities to bridge the gap between isolated viewpoints and serve as moments to resist the dominant climate change discourse.

The processes by which individuals learn how to perceive, interpret and think about their environment are not completely understood. Sixty years of anthropological studies of indigenous environmental knowledge have largely focused on language-like classification systems. These studies typically revolve around (a) conceptual knowledge such as categories, taxonomies and the functionality of certain flora and fauna and (b) the social mechanisms such as language through which they are transmitted. These approaches have been successful in highlighting variation and continuity between cultures, but more recent studies have shown that environmental knowledge varies within cultures and communities. Research conducted in Bali, Indonesia demonstrates how social labor and symbolic systems may influence several aspects of environmental knowledge, such as perceptual skills, interpretive metaphors and emic models of ecological interactions. The findings in this study address gaps in the literature on how indigenous environmental knowledge emerges, and also supplements the largely theoretical literature on the phenomenology and epistemology of labor.

The following study examines gendered learning experiences of a population of Appalachian migrants surveyed from the late 1970s to the early 1990s. The respondents who participated in the survey used for this study began their lives in Appalachia. These respondents then left Appalachia for various other areas in the country and even around the world only to ultimately return to the mountainous region later in their lives. To begin, theory will be introduced concerning the stratification of gender in the Appalachian economic landscape, as well as a theoretical framework placing Appalachian women in an interlocking web of oppression with other subjugated cultural groups. This outsider kinship found among Appalachian women and other socially ostracized groups, I argue with the support of theory, will foster an atmosphere of tolerance and positive interaction among Appalachian females and the people they meet in their new homes. Literature will also be presented regarding the heavily skewed nature of the role of women versus men in Appalachian society and economy. Using logistic regression, various aspects of migrant experiences away from Appalachia will be examined and analyzed, including the acquisition of job skills, tolerance-based knowledge, and positive interactions with neighbors in their new environment.

Societal marketing - marketing based on socially or environmentally conscious attributes, has for many years been considered an accepted chapter of marketing theory. However, consumer response to many socially-conscious products never met expectations - prompting marketing researchers to re-examine the assumptions underpinning the societal marketing theory. One such assumption is that, given consumer concern for environmental and social issues, there is a positive, significant relationship between consumer societal knowledge and the purchase of socially-conscious products. However, the few studies which have examined this relationship have failed to provide consistent results, and thus the nature of the relationship remains unclear. It is argued within this thesis that the equivocation of results may have been a methodological artefact, as investigations often used general rather than specific measures and excluded moderating variables from their theoretical models. Adopting a mixed-method approach, this study first used qualitative interviews to identify moderating variables which may impact the relationship between the knowledge and purchase. The identified potential moderating variables were then incorporated into quantitative, survey research which was used to examine the nature of the relationship between consumer societal knowledge and the purchase of socially-conscious products. The study found that the relationship between the variables is both positive and significant, but weak. The results revealed that one contextual variable, Health, moderated the relationship between knowledge and purchase. The results also suggest the more traditional product attribute of price remains the most significant predictor of purchase - far greater than the consumers' societal knowledge.

Food deserts are low-income areas lacking access to nutritious and affordable food. Such limited access has various implications for public health, particularly diet-related diseases such as diabetes. Among American Indian communities, diabetes is particularly rampant at nearly twice the rate of white populations in the U.S. On the Navajo Nation, diabetes incidence has been estimated to be as high as 1 in 3. According to the USDA, the majority of the Navajo Nation is considered a food desert. This paper utilizes food sovereignty as a lens for decolonization to identify the underlying causes of hunger and nutrition-related diseases within Diné communities. This paper will explore the histories of the change in the Diné diet and how colonial processes and the loss of traditional food systems affects current food and health patterns on the Navajo Nation. By expanding the scope of public health issues such as obesity and diabetes in Native American communities from food access and nutrition to power relations embedded in colonial structures that have resulted in the loss of indigenous sovereignty and power, I hope to pinpoint entry points for future indigenous researchers to develop and enact policies that will expand access to healthy and culturally significant foods on the Navajo Nation and contribute to efforts to restore food sovereignty of the Navajo Nation by rebuilding local food economies.

En la societat del coneixement i de l’aprenentatge la universitat ocupa un lloc fonamental com a factor de progrés i transformació social. La universitat ha de ser motor d’estratègies didàctiques que fomentin la construcció del coneixement, gràcies a les possibilitats que ofereixen les tecnologies de la informació i de la comunicació (TIC). En aquest sentit, els entorns personals d’aprenentatge (PLE) esdevenen un punt d’inflexió en les pràctiques educatives amb les TIC i una oportunitat per promoure una universitat sense murs que doni resposta a les demandes de la societat del coneixement i de l’aprenentatge. L’objectiu d’aquesta tesi doctoral és analitzar com s’introdueixen les TIC, i més concretament els entorns personals d’aprenentatge, en activitats d’ensenyament-aprenentatge formals. És una recerca aplicada i orientada a l’acció, en què la introducció dels PLE s’entén com una metodologia impulsora de la saviesa digital. Per aquest motiu, les conclusions finals estan formulades com a propostes d’acció per a les institucions d’educació superior, els docents universitaris i els desenvolupadors tecnològics. Com a estratègia metodològica i amb l’objectiu de comprendre el fenomen d’estudi en un context real, s’ha optat per l’estudi de dos casos: el mòdul Entornos, intrumentos y prácticas de aprendizaje virtual (M9) del Màster Interuniversitari de Psicologia de l’Educació (MIPE) coordinat per la Universitat de Barcelona i l’assignatura de Psicologia de l’educació dels estudis del Bàtxelor en Ciències de l’educació (BCE) de la Universitat d’Andorra. A fi d’ampliar la investigació realitzada en els dos casos d’estudi, també s’han analitzat les valoracions d’una àmplia mostra d’estudiants, sobre la possibilitat d’incorporar als entorns virtuals d’aprenentatge (EVA) de les seves institucions les característiques clau dels PLE i el grau d’utilitat per als seus aprenentatges.
In the society of knowledge and learning the university is central for progress and social transformation. The university should be motor in teaching strategies that promote knowledge construction thanks to the possibilities offered by Information and communications technology (ICT). In this sense, personal learning environments (PLE) become a turning point in educational practices with ICT as well as an opportunity to promote a university without walls, that meets the demands of the society of knowledge and learning. The aim of this thesis is to study how to introduce ICT, and more specifically personal learning environments, in formal teaching and learning activities. It is an applied and action-oriented research which understands the introduction of PLE as a driving methodology of digital wisdom. For this reason, the final conclusions are made as proposals for action to institutions of higher education, university teachers and technology developers. As a methodological strategy and with the aim of understanding the phenomenon of study in a real context, we decided to study two different educational streams: the course Environments, tools and practices of virtual learning, from the Master’s degree Educational Psychology/MIPE coordinated by the University of Barcelona, and the course Educational Psychology, from the Bachelor of Educational Sciences at the University of Andorra. In order to expand the research conducted in the two case studies we have also analyzed the valuations of a large sample of students; on the possibility of incorporating to their present virtual learning environments (EVA) the key features of PLE.

Cette thèse présente les mutations d’une pratique sociale qui repose sur l’interaction directe avec l’environnement – la pêche, dans l’espace du delta du Danube, territoire doté d’une remarquable richesse écologique et engagé, après 1990, dans une double transition socio-économique et écologique qui implique une redéfinition radicale des pratiques d’appropriation des ressources naturelles. Caractérisée par une multiplication des acteurs, des savoirs et des actions, la création d’une Réserve de Biosphère du Delta du Danube met à l’épreuve l’existence même de la pratique de pêche et l’interaction des habitants avec les ressources désormais « naturelles » du delta. A travers une analyse des dispositifs de réglementation des droits de pêche expérimentés dans la Réserve au cours des 20 dernières années, cette thèse présente la dégradation de la pêche comme un espace d'incertitude où les « êtres de la pêche » : acteurs sociaux et poissons, sont redéfinis, expliqués, apprivoisés, mobilisés dans la définition de nouvelles formes d'interaction entre les acteurs sociaux et des ressources naturelles. Dans un contexte de persistance des pratiques de pêche illégales, les indicateurs utilisés dans la formulation des droits de pêche ont une faible capacité à faire évoluer les pratiques. L'approche développée dans cette thèse est clairement confrontée à la manière dominante de penser et de faire dans les politiques de conservation, orientées vers une plus grande rationalisation et la formulation de chaînes logiques entre des indicateurs, des droits et des résultats attendus. Nous montrons les limites de cette approche, qui devrait avoir comme préoccupation première de dépasser la distinction entre « ceux qui savent » et « ceux qui pêchent », en facilitant l’émergence des accords collectifs sur la définition des acteurs, des ressources et de leur état écologique. Nous montrons que dans le monde de la pêche artisanale, la réussite des dispositifs de gestion de la pêche dépend de leur capacité à prendre en considération les savoirs, les pratiques et les capacités critiques des acteurs locaux, développés au cours d’une longue appropriation des ressources
In the last two decades, different fishing rights systems have been experimented in the Danube Delta Biosphere Reserve fisheries in order to orient natural resources exploitation practices towards the conservation of biodiversity. Overfishing is considered as one of the main threats to conservation in this ecologically fragile area, since 1989, when the communist productivist model was replaced by conservationist policies. Characterized by the multiplication of actors and knowledge production, the creation of the Biosphere Reserve of Danube Delta is challenging the continuity of fishing practices. Based on an analysis of the fishing rights systems experienced in the reserve, this work presents the degradation of fisheries as an area of uncertainty where social actors and fishing resources are redefined, explained, tamed and mobilized in the definition of new forms of ecological interactions between actors and resources. Indicators and proofs of sustainable fisheries are built on the ground, while experimenting different fishing rights systems. In a context of persisting illegal fishing practices and persistent controversies, fishing rights do not legitimate the introduction of more restrictive measures, and have a week capacity of changing practices. The approach developed in this thesis tries to go beyond the classical distinction between knowledge producers and nature users, by considering knowledge production, rights definition and social practices over nature as interconnected elements of the same process of nature appropriation. The perspective developed in this work is clearly confronted to the dominant way of thinking and doing in conservation policies, oriented towards a greater rationalization and the pre-formulation of a logical chain between measures, effects and outcomes. We show the limits of this approach, which should be primarily concerned by overcoming the distinction between "those who know" and "those who fish", facilitating the emergence of collective agreements on the definition of resources and their ecological status. We show that in the world of artisanal fisheries, the success of fisheries management incentives depends on their ability to take into account the diversity of knowledge, practices and critical capacities that local actors developed through resources appropriation practices

La "Santé-Sécurité au Travail" (SST) est au cœur des politiques d'entreprise et la judiciarisation de la société concourt à une inflation du nombre de textes réglementaires publiés chaque année. Les préventeurs sont donc confrontés au traitement croissant de données afin de rester en conformité. Ils se forment au droit et s'entourent de compétences interne (direction juridique) ou externe (bureaux de contrôle et de conseil) et se dotent de systèmes d'information. Ces derniers sont principalement des bases de données de "veille juridique" proposant des textes réglementaires accompagnés de commentaires. L'ensemble de ces données demeure complexe à interpréter et à exploiter en raison du nombre croissant de textes, de l'expertise nécessaire à fin de les comprendre et de la difficulté à s'assurer qu'ils concernent les activités de l'entreprise. Ce besoin peut être satisfait par le recours aux modèles et méthodes de l'intelligence artificielle. Parmi ceux ci, les concepts d'ontologies et de bases de connaissances ont été retenus. Une ontologie est un modèle d'un domaine particulier de connaissances réalisé dans un but précis. Un cas pratique de gestion des connaissances est décrit dans le cadre d'une expérimentation conduite avec une entreprise du domaine de la production d'énergie.

En France, l'éducation à la biodiversité est devenue une priorité au regard de la dégradation de la diversité biologique. À l'école primaire, elle est rattachée à la fois aux disciplines scientifiques et au développement durable. Les apprentissages attendus suivent essentiellement deux dimensions : les savoirs bio-écologiques et les comportements escomptés reliés à ces savoirs. Cependant, de nombreuses recherches font apparaître l'importance de la dimension affective dans ces apprentissages notamment au regard du rapport émotionnel entretenu avec les objets d'étude. Dans ce contexte, cette thèse explore les dimensions cognitive, affective et comportementale des apprentissages en éducation à la biodiversité. Le champ de recherche est restreint à l'étude d'arthropodes à l'école primaire. Quels sont les apprentissages d'élèves du primaire en éducation à la biodiversité dans le cas de l'étude d'arthropodes, selon la description, l'analyse et l'articulation de trois dimensions : savoir, affectivité et comportements ? Pour répondre à cette question, le cadre conceptuel s'appuie sur l'analyse des savoirs, sur le modèle de la maturité affective vis-à-vis des objets étudiés et sur l'opérationnalisation des comportements par les prises de position et intentions d'agir. Quatre objectifs sont poursuivis pour répondre à cette question : a) décrire et analyser chacune des trois dimensions, b) dégager les corrélations éventuelles entre les trois dimensions, c) identifier des profils particuliers d'apprenants, d) vérifier les effets d'une étude des arthropodes sur les apprentissages selon ces trois dimensions. La méthodologie utilisée suit deux perspectives : quantitative par une analyse multivariée des réponses à un questionnaire et qualitative par une analyse de réponses à la suite d'entretiens semi-dirigés. Les résultats obtenus ont permis de clarifier les trois dimensions considérées et d'éclairer leur articulation. La mesure et l'analyse de chaque dimension ont montré des différences significatives en fonction du type d'enseignement reçu en classe. Entre les dimensions analysées il existe des corrélations remarquables entre les savoirs, la maturité affective et les comportements. Des profils particuliers d'apprenants inter reliant savoirs et affectivité ont pu être identifiés, ainsi que des profils généraux impliquant les trois dimensions. Nous avons pu constater l'importance de la relation affective avec les objets d'apprentissage qui, loin de perturber l'appropriation des savoirs aurait au contraire tendance à les renforcer tout en contribuant à construire des comportements citoyens et responsables.

Never before have humans wielded a greater ability to alter and disrupt planetary processes. Our impact is becoming so noticeable that a new geological epoch has been proposed – the Anthropocene – in which Earth systems might no longer maintain the stable and predictable conditions of the past 12 millennia. This is particularly evident in the rapid expansion of urban areas, where a majority of humans now live and where environmental changes such as rising temperatures and habitat loss are happening faster than elsewhere.  In light of this, questions have been raised about what a more responsible relationship between humans and the rest of the planet might look like. Scholars in sustainability science employ the concept of ‘stewardship’ in searching for an answer; however, with multiple different applications and definitions, there is a need to better understand what stewardship is or what novelty it might add to sustainability research. This thesis investigates stewardship empirically through two case studies of civic engagement for protecting nature in cities – Bengaluru, India and New York City, USA. Further, the thesis also proposes a conceptual framework for how to understand stewardship as a relation between humans and the rest of nature, based on three dimensions: care, knowledge and agency. This investigation into stewardship in the urban context uses a social–ecological systems approach to guide the use of mixed theory and methods from social and natural sciences. The thesis is organized in five papers. Paper I reviews defining challenges in managing urban social–ecological systems and proposes that these can more effectively be addressed by collaborative networks where public, civic, other actors contribute unique skills and abilities. Paper II and Paper III study water resource governance in Bengaluru, a city that has become dependent on external sources while its own water bodies become degraded and depleted.Paper II analyzes how locally based ‘lake groups’ are able to affect change through co-management arrangements, reversing decades of centralization and neglect of lakes’ role in Bengaluru’s water supply.Paper III uses social–ecological network analysis to analyze how patterns in lake groups’ engagements and collaborations show better fit with ecological connectivity of lakes.Paper IV employs sense of place methods to explore how personal bonds to a site shapes motivation and goals in waterfront stewardship in New York City. Finally,Paper V reviews literature on stewardship and proposes a conceptual framework to understand and relate different uses and underlying epistemological approaches in the field. In summary, this thesis presents an empirically grounded contribution to how stewardship can be understood as a human–nature relation emergent from a deep sense ofcare and responsibility, knowledge and learning about how to understand social–ecological dynamics, and theagency and skills needed to influence these dynamics in a way that benefits a greater community of humans as others. Here, the care dimension is particularly important as an underappreciated aspect of social–ecological relations, and asset for addressing spatial and temporal misalignment between management institutions and ecosystem. This thesis shows that care for nature does not erode just because green spaces are degraded by human activities – which may be crucial for promoting stewardship in the Anthropocene.

At the time of the doctoral defense, the following papers were unpublished and had a status as follows: Paper 3: Manuscript. Paper 4: Manuscript. Paper 5: Manuscript.

This research is an attempt to obtain insight in the influence of ICT and the information society on the labour environment of the officers of the Netherlands Defence Organization and to determine the competence of those officers in a number of information, communication and technological areas associated with the changed ways of working in the information society as they are discussed in the literature. What was found is that a substantial number of officers are not fully prepared to participate in the new ways of working required in the information society. The implications of those findings for a digital learning environment for the Netherlands Defence Academy are discussed and a general model for information, communication and technological competencies for managers in the information society is proposed based on the results of the case study.
Thesis (PhD (Computer-Integrated Education))--University of Pretoria, 2008.
Curriculum Studies
unrestricted

碩士
臺北市立教育大學
環境教育與資源研究所
97
The purpose of this research was to understand the Society of Wilderness Youth Group volunteers’ environmental knowledge, environmental attitude and environmental behavior. The subjects were the Society of Wilderness Youth Group volunteers. Questionnaires were used to test a series of major elements environmental awareness. 60 questionnaires were sent to all volunteers in the program and 51usable questionnaires (85％) were returned. The topics addressed in the questionnaire included: environmental knowledge, environmental attitude, environmental behavior and environmental behavior intention scales. A number of findings came from the questionnaires including: 1.Environmental knowledge: The average percentage of correct rate was 71.6%. That indicates volunteers of the Society of Wilderness Youth Group who have studied in biological resources or agricultural college, and taken part in environmental activities scored significantly higher on the questionnaire. 2.Environmental attitude: The average score was 3.58 on a 5 point scale, indicating that the environmental attitude of volunteers was positive. Those who have studied the environmental courses scored significantly higher on the questionnaire. 3.Environmental behavior: The average score was 3.46 on a 5 point scale. It indicates the volunteers’ environmental behavior needs to be strengthen. Thus, in the questionnaire of the actual environmental behavior, the ‘‘physical action’’ scored the highest points, followed by ‘‘educational action ’’, ‘‘financial action’’ , ‘‘persuasive action’’ and ‘‘civic action’’. Those who have taken part in environmental activities scored significantly higher on the questionnaire. 4.Environmental behavior intention: The average score was 3.71 on a 5 point scale. In the questionnaire of the actual environmental behavior, the ‘‘physical action intention’’ scored the highest points, followed by ‘‘educational action intention’’, ‘‘financial action intention’’, ‘‘persuasive action intention’’ and ‘‘civic action intention’’. Those who have taken part in environmental activities scored significantly higher on the questionnaire. 5.In addition, the Society of Wilderness Youth Group volunteers’ environmental attitude, environmental behavior and environmental behavior intention exhibit a positive correlation. Finally, some suggestions for the Society of Wilderness Youth Group were proposed based on the results of this research.

This research explored the role of science and civil society environmental organizations in conservation planning, using a case study of Ontario’s Long Point region. Science is a dynamic field that is constantly adapting and evolving and is increasingly relied on as a basis for decision-making in conservation planning, policy and management. The role of civil society in conservation planning has also grown and organizations that operate outside of government now play an important role in acquiring land, conducting monitoring activities, and promoting local stewardship. Considering the activities of these organizations, and the underlying science that informs them, is essential given the increasing prevalence of this type of work and the increasing ability of civil society organizations to affect conservation planning outcomes. Through a literature review, document analysis, and semi-structured interviews, this research considered how characterizations of science, applications of science, and recent trends in science have influenced conservation plans, policies, and actions in the Long Point region. The results illustrate how different forms of information were considered and applied when prioritizing, justifying, and implementing conservation projects and provide a location-specific example of how the modern features of conservation planning and management are influencing environmental outcomes. Specifically, the results suggest how place-based knowledge can potentially be disseminated through policy and planning initiatives and also suggest how different forms of information may interact to influence overall project credibility. These findings have implications for both planning theory and practice by contributing to our understanding of the role of science in shaping conservation practices, the role of civil society in driving conservation innovation, and the importance of local knowledge in supporting effective conservation actions.
Thesis (Master, Urban & Regional Planning) -- Queen's University, 2010-07-05 20:55:39.924

碩士
國立臺灣師範大學
環境教育研究所
93
The Society of Wilderness (SOW) is a private environmental organization that relies on volunteers to conduct public education and conservation activities in Taiwan. Volunteers are assigned to specific locations known as Environmental Observation Groups (EOG’s). Nearly 1,000 volunteer interpreters work at 40 EOG’s. Ideally, volunteer interpreters are knowledgeable about and emotionally attached to their EOG, and enjoy participating in SOW functions. Since volunteers play an important role in resource management and environmental education, more information is needed to understand their motives for participation in SOW. This study examined the relationship between place attachment, resource knowledge, and activity involvement in a sample of volunteer interpreters assigned to the Er-Ge Mountain EOG. Surveys were used to gather data from a sample of volunteer interpreters during July 2003. Forty-eight questionnaires were mailed and 45 were received, yielding a response rate of 93.8%. The following conclusions can be drawn from this study: Activity involvement is one indicator of interest and enthusiasm for recreational participation. The overall mean for activity involvement was 3.41. Three dimensions comprise activity involvement. In this study, attraction scored the highest (x=3.84), self-expression was next (x=3.45), and centrality was the lowest (x=2.64). Place attachment is an emotional bond with nature. It consists of two factors. The overall mean for place attachment was 3.40. Volunteer interpreters scored higher on place identity (x=3.77) than place dependence (x=3.03). A multiple-choice test measuring resource-based knowledge was administered to volunteers. The mean score was 14.91 (out of 20 questions). Selected socio-demographic characteristics were tested against activity involvement, place attachment and resource knowledge using t-tests or one-way analysis of variance. Gender, attendance at indoor seminars, participation in outdoor observation, and length of interpretive service were significantly related to level of activity involvement. In relation to place attachment, frequency of visitation to Er-Ge Mountain showed a significant difference. Gender, residence, attendance at indoor seminars, participation in outdoor observation, frequency of visitation, and length of interpretive service were significantly related to resource knowledge. The relationship between activity involvement, place attachment, and resource knowledge was examined using Pearson correlation coefficient. Results indicated that activity involvement was significantly related to place attachment (r= 0.622, p< .001) and resource knowledge (r= 0.318, p< .05). However, there is no significant relationship between place attachment and resource knowledge. These results were shared with SOW. Also, recommendations for future studies were proposed.

A presente investigação incidiu sobre a análise da relação que estabelece os adultos imigrantes e a aprendizagem ao longo da vida, haja vista que, de uma forma geral, alguma investigação sugere que adultos imigrantes estão em desvantagem em relação à participação na educação. Neste sentido, inserido no contexto nacional, optou-se por abarcar um grupo de indivíduos oriundo de países de língua oficial portuguesa, por ser a comunidade estrangeira de maior expressão em Portugal. A pesquisa foi norteada pelo conceito de aprendizagem que foi alargado com o tempo, sobretudo pelo advento das tecnologias de informação e comunicação. Ainda assim, a orientação teórica se articulou com outros conceitos como aprendizagem de adultos, desigualdade de acesso e imigração. Foi lançada mão da estratégia metodológica de análise qualitativa (comparativas-tipológicas), uma vez que as entrevistas semiestruturadas em profundidade contribuem para captar o social e dar voz aos sujeitos. As entrevistas biográficas foram direcionadas para um conjunto de contextos e situações do vivido. Participaram 12 indivíduos, residentes no conselho de Lisboa, selecionados pelo método bola de neve. A análise dos resultados da pesquisa permitiu concluir que os adultos imigrantes, em sua grande maioria, estabelecem uma relação de continuidade das práticas adotadas no país de origem no que se refere à aprendizagem ao longo da vida. Contudo, quando há a influência do contexto, fica em evidência um retrocesso, onde o desinvestimento supera o aumento dos processos de aprendizagem.
This research concerns the scrutiny of the relations established between adult immigrants and lifelong learning. In general, the existing research suggests that adult immigrants are at a greater disadvantage with respect to education participation. In order to asses it for Portugal, it was decided to cover a group of individuals from countries whose official language was Portuguese. Since this group represents the mainstream of Portugal’s foreign community. The research was shaped by the ever growing learning definition. It must be mention that such increase is related with the appearance of communication and information technologies. Even though, the theoretical orientation covers other dimensions, for instance, adulthood learning, immigration and disadvantage. To research into the target it was used the Methodological strategy of qualitative analysis (comparative-typological), since the in-depth semi-structured interviews not only grants a social insight but also imparts the individual feelings. The biographical interviews were directed by a defined set of environments and daily situations. There were 12 interviewees chosen using the snowball method, all of the participants at the time were living in Lisbon. From the results withdrawal, was possible to conclude that adult immigrants remain following lifelong learning practices acquired in the origin country. However, if induced by the environment there is a setback, since that the disinvestment outweighs the increase in the learning process.