Academic literature on the topic 'Knowledge Organization System (KOS)'
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Journal articles on the topic "Knowledge Organization System (KOS)"
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Zeng, Marcia Lei. "Knowledge Organization Systems (KOS)." KNOWLEDGE ORGANIZATION 35, no. 2-3 (2008): 160–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/0943-7444-2008-2-3-160.
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Zhitomirsky-Geffet, Maayan. "Towards a diversified knowledge organization system." Journal of Documentation 75, no. 5 (September 9, 2019): 1124–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jd-10-2018-0163.
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Purpose The need for inclusive and logically consistent representation of diverse and even confronting viewpoints on the domain knowledge has been widely discussed in the literature in the past decade. The purpose of this paper is to propose a generic model for building an open coherent diversified knowledge organization system (KOS). Design/methodology/approach The proposed model incorporates a generic epistemological component, the validity scope type, assigned to each statement in the constructed KOS. Statements are clustered by their association with various validity scope types into internally coherent subsystems. These subsystems form a knowledge organization network connected through the universal (consensual) subsystems with more than one validity scope type. The model extends the Galili’s Cultural Content Representation paradigm, which divides the knowledge content of a scientific theory into two confronting parts: body and periphery. Findings The knowledge organization network model makes it possible to comparatively examine similarities and differences among various viewpoints and theories on the domain knowledge. The presented approach conforms with the principle of Open Knowledge Network initiative for creation of open accessible knowledge. Practical implications The proposed model can be used for ontological reasoning by a variety of information services, such as ontology-based decision-support and learning systems, diversified search and customer management applications. Social implications The model enables explicit representation of social and cultural minority voices and historical knowledge in the KOS. Originality/value The main contribution of the proposed model is that it generalizes and enhances various previously proposed representations of epistemological aspects of KOS and allows for multiple inter-linked subsystems to coherently co-exist as part of the extensible network.
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Zeng, Marcia, Margie Hlava, Jian Qin, Gail Hodge, and Denise Bedford. "Knowledge organization systems (KOS) standards." Proceedings of the American Society for Information Science and Technology 44, no. 1 (October 24, 2008): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/meet.145044019.
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Mazzocchi, Fulvio. "Knowledge Organization System (KOS): An Introductory Critical Account." KNOWLEDGE ORGANIZATION 45, no. 1 (2018): 54–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/0943-7444-2018-1-54.
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Machado, Luís Miguel Oliveira. "Ontologies in Knowledge Organization." Encyclopedia 1, no. 1 (January 29, 2021): 144–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/encyclopedia1010015.
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Within the knowledge organization systems (KOS) set, the term “ontology” is paradigmatic of the terminological ambiguity in different typologies. Contributing to this situation is the indiscriminate association of the term “ontology”, both as a specific type of KOS and as a process of categorization, due to the interdisciplinary use of the term with different meanings. We present a systematization of the perspectives of different authors of ontologies, as representational artifacts, seeking to contribute to terminological clarification. Focusing the analysis on the intention, semantics and modulation of ontologies, it was possible to notice two broad perspectives regarding ontologies as artifacts that coexist in the knowledge organization systems spectrum. We have ontologies viewed, on the one hand, as an evolution in terms of complexity of traditional conceptual systems, and on the other hand, as a system that organizes ontological rather than epistemological knowledge. The focus of ontological analysis is the item to model and not the intentions that motivate the construction of the system.
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Biagetti, Maria Teresa. "Ontologies as Knowledge Organization Systems." KNOWLEDGE ORGANIZATION 48, no. 2 (2021): 152–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/0943-7444-2021-2-152.
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This contribution presents the principal features of ontologies, drawing special attention to the comparison between ontologies and the different kinds of knowledge organization systems (KOS). The focus is on the semantic richness exhibited by ontologies, which allows the creation of a great number of relationships between terms. That establishes ontologies as the most evolved type of KOS. The concepts of “conceptualization” and “formalization” and the key components of ontologies are described and discussed, along with upper and domain ontologies and special typologies, such as bibliographical ontologies and biomedical ontologies. The use of ontologies in the digital libraries environment, where they have replaced thesauri for query expansion in searching, and the role they are playing in the Semantic Web, especially for semantic interoperability, are sketched.
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Tran, Quoc-Tan. "Ethically Responsible Knowledge Organization Systems: Towards an Intercultural User Interface." Zagadnienia Informacji Naukowej - Studia Informacyjne 55, no. 2(110) (October 1, 2017): 16–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.36702/zin.364.
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PURPOSE/THESIS: This paper discusses the challenges of creating a theoretic framework within the context of an intercultural and ethically responsible knowledge organization system (KOS). APPROACH/METHODS: First, the paper explores ethical and societal concerns linked to the development of KOS. Second, it illustrates a way to tackle this ethical factor by proposing an applicable architecture for intercultural interfaces which respects cultural diversity on a global scale. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: The author emphasizes the importance of opening up the notion of cultural inclusiveness, to weigh not only linguistic diversity but also other cultural and social aspects, such as geography, religious affiliations, tradition, historical elements, ethnic. This kind of approach should be attentive to intersectionality and cultural interoperability. ORIGINALITY/VALUE: By addressing local circumstances, the author offers insights into essential approaches that take into account cultural diversity when designing KOS and access interfaces to knowledge.
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Cheng, Yi‐Yun, Inkyung Choi, Rhiannon Bettivia, Wan‐Chen Lee, and B. M. Watson. "Knowledge Organization Systems and Provenance: Experiences and Challenges." Proceedings of the Association for Information Science and Technology 61, no. 1 (October 2024): 741–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pra2.1091.
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ABSTRACTThis panel is situated at the intersections of Knowledge Organization Systems (KOS) and provenance research. In this panel, we will share experiences and challenges in documenting the changes of a KOS The panelists will provide real‐world examples drawn from their research and practice. These examples range from KOSs used in LIS, such as the Dewey Decimal Classifications, Homosaurus, and Library of Congress Subject Headings; to extended information science research fields, such as digital preservation metadata standards, biodiversity taxonomies, and ontologies. Currently, the models and practices for documenting changes in KOSs fall short in supporting even simple provenance queries like “who made the change?”“what are the reasons for the change?”or“when was the change made?” The panelists will collectively discuss examples of queries we have faced, as well as the implications for provenance for KOS research and practice.This panel is sponsored by Classification & Metadata Research Special Interest Group (SIG‐CMR).
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Zou, Qing. "Represent Changes of Knowledge Organization Systems on the Semantic Web." International Journal of Librarianship 3, no. 1 (July 17, 2018): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.23974/ijol.2018.vol3.1.64.
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Traditional knowledge organization systems (KOS) including thesauri, classification schemes, taxonomies, subject heading systems, name authorities, and other lists of terms and codes have been playing important roles in indexing, information organization, and retrieval. With the advent of the semantic web, a large number of them have been converted into Linked Open Data (LOD) datasets. Since the Simple Knowledge Organization Systems (SKOS) and SKOS eXtension for Labels (SKOS-XL) are languages for representation of knowledge organization systems, they have been applied to knowledge organization systems. In this article, the issues surrounding changes, versioning control, and evolution of KOS are investigated. From KOS services providers and consumers perspectives, this study focuses on representation of changes on the semantic web.
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Dobreski, Brian. "Re-examining Aristotle’s Categories as a Knowledge Organization System." KNOWLEDGE ORGANIZATION 48, no. 4 (2021): 291–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/0943-7444-2021-4-291.
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In his Categories, Aristotle details the kinds of being that exist, along with what can be understood and predicated of existing things. Most notably within this work, Aristotle advances a set of ten, top-level categories that can be used to classify all kinds of being. Even today, the influence of the Categories is felt in many domains, particularly in knowledge organization (KO). Here, Aristotle’s Categories bear deep, long-standing connections with works examining categorization, subject analysis, and theory of classification. Though its relation to ontology might seem obvious, connections to KO perspectives on knowledge organization systems (KOSs) and ontological modeling are curiously lacking. The aim of this work is to offer a re-examination of the Categories as a KOS, particularly through the lens of the KO field’s understandings of ontology. Utilizing Zeng’s classification of KOSs as a theoretical framework, this study draws parallels between the first two sections of the Categories and the defining features of ontologies and offers an initial ontological model of this work. The results of this re-examination stand to offer a new view of a fundamental work in the KO canon, draw further connections between past and present perspectives in KO, and further contribute to the theoretical grounding of contemporary KOS research and practice.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Knowledge Organization System (KOS)"
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Reis, Julio Cesar Dos. "Mapping Adaptation between Biomedical Knowledge Organization Systems." Thesis, Paris 11, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA112231/document.
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Les systèmes d'information biomédicaux actuels reposent sur l'exploitation de données provenant de sources multiples. Les Systèmes d'Organisation de la Connaissance (SOC) permettent d'expliciter la sémantique de ces données, ce qui facilite leur gestion et leur exploitation. Bénéficiant de l'évolution des technologies du Web sémantique, un nombre toujours croissant de SOCs a été élaboré et publié dans des domaines spécifiques tels que la génomique, la biologie, l'anatomie, les pathologies, etc. Leur utilisation combinée, nécessaire pour couvrir tout le domaine biomédical, repose sur la définition de mises en correspondance entre leurs éléments ou mappings. Les mappings connectent les entités des SOCs liées au même domaine via des relations sémantiques. Ils jouent un rôle majeur pour l'interopérabilité entre systèmes, en permettant aux applications d'interpréter les données annotées avec différents SOCs. Cependant, les SOCs évoluent et de nouvelles versions sont régulièrement publiées de façon à correspondre à des vues du domaine les plus à jour possible. La validité des mappings ayant été préalablement établis peut alors être remis en cause. Des méthodes sont nécessaires pour assurer leur cohérence sémantique au fil du temps. La maintenance manuelle des mappings est une possibilité lorsque le nombre de mappings est restreint. En présence de SOCs volumineux et évoluant très rapidement, des méthodes les plus automatiques possibles sont indispensables. Cette thèse de doctorat propose une approche originale pour adapter les mappings basés sur les changements détectés dans l'évolution de SOCs du domaine biomédical. Notre proposition consiste à comprendre précisément les mappings entre SOCs, à exploiter les types de changements intervenant lorsque les SOCs évoluent, puis à proposer des actions de modification des mappings appropriées. Nos contributions sont multiples : (i) nous avons réalisé un travail expérimental approfondi pour comprendre l'évolution des mappings entre SOCs; nous proposons des méthodes automatiques (ii) pour analyser les mappings affectés par l'évolution de SOCs, et (iii) pour reconnaître l'évolution des concepts impliqués dans les mappings via des patrons de changement; enfin (iv) nous proposons des techniques d'adaptation des mappings à base d'heuristiques. Nous proposons un cadre complet pour l'adaptation des mappings, appelé DyKOSMap, et un prototype logiciel. Nous avons évalué les méthodes proposées et le cadre formel avec des jeux de données réelles contenant plusieurs versions de mappings entre SOCs du domaine biomédical. Les résultats des expérimentations ont démontré l'efficacité des principes sous-jacents à l'approche proposée. La maintenance des mappings, en grande partie automatique, est de bonne qualitéModern biomedical information systems require exchanging and retrieving data between them, due to the overwhelming available data generated in this domain. Knowledge Organization Systems (KOSs) offer means to make the semantics of data explicit which, in turn, facilitates their exploitation and management. The evolution of semantic technologies has led to the development and publication of an ever increasing number of large KOSs for specific sub-domains like genomics, biology, anatomy, diseases, etc. The size of the biomedical field demands the combined use of several KOSs, but it is only possible through the definition of mappings. Mappings interconnect entities of domain-related KOSs via semantic relations. They play a key role as references to enable advanced interoperability tasks between systems, allowing software applications to interpret data annotated with different KOSs. However, to remain useful and reflect the most up-to-date knowledge of the domain, the KOSs evolve and new versions are periodically released. This potentially impacts established mappings demanding methods to ensure, as automatic as possible, their semantic consistency over time. Manual maintenance of mappings stands for an alternative only if a restricted number of mappings are available. Otherwise supporting methods are required for very large and highly dynamic KOSs. To address such problem, this PhD thesis proposes an original approach to adapt mappings based on KOS changes detected in KOS evolution. The proposal consists in interpreting the established correspondences to identify the relevant KOS entities, on which the definition relies on, and based on the evolution of these entities to propose actions suited to modify mappings. Through this investigation, (i) we conduct in-depth experiments to understand the evolution of KOS mappings; we propose automatic methods (ii) to analyze mappings affected by KOS evolution, and (iii) to recognize the evolution of involved concepts in mappings via change patterns; finally (iv) we design techniques relying on heuristics explored by novel algorithms to adapt mappings. This research achieved a complete framework for mapping adaptation, named DyKOSMap, and an implementation of a software prototype. We thoroughly evaluated the proposed methods and the framework with real-world datasets containing several releases of mappings between biomedical KOSs. The obtained results from experimental validations demonstrated the overall effectiveness of the underlying principles in the proposed approach to adapt mappings. The scientific contributions of this thesis enable to largely automatically maintain mappings with a reasonable quality, which improves the support for mapping maintenance and consequently ensures a better interoperability over time
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Wint, Noel Jr. "An Investigation of Socio-technical Components of Knowledge Management System (KMS) Usage." NSUWorks, 2016. http://nsuworks.nova.edu/gscis_etd/961.
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Existing literature indicates that although both academics and practitioners recognize knowledge management (KM) as a source of competitive advantage, users are not always willing to use a knowledge management system (KMS). Because of the social nature of knowledge transfer, a KMS can be considered a socio-technical system. Many explanations have been presented for this failure to utilize the KMS. These explanations include a number of the socio-technical factors relating to people, processes, and technologies. While these factors may have significant explanatory power when examined independently, existing studies have not sufficiently addressed the interactions among all three socio-technical factors or their impacts on KMS usage.
The goal of this study was to develop a comprehensive understanding of socio-technical factors that impact KMS usage within decision support systems (DSS). A comprehensive framework was presented that will be helpful in developing and improving KMS initiatives and thus improving KM across the organization. This study identified factors of people (self-efficacy, social ties, and ease of use), processes (leadership, culture/climate, and governance), and technologies (system & information quality, and technology fit) and their influence on KMS system usage. Analysis for this problem required a causal, non-contrived field study employing structural equation modeling.
Founded on socio-technical systems theory, nine hypotheses were proposed. Data was collected using a 36 item survey distributed to KMS users from a variety of industries in the United States. Confirmatory factor analysis and an eight-stage structural equation modeling procedure were used to analyze 97 usable responses. The results confirmed that technology-oriented factors predicted knowledge seeking and contributing in DSS. Furthermore, significant positive relationships were confirmed between certain sociotechnical factors including: (1) people and process, (2) people and technology, (3) processes and technology, (4) processes and people, (5) technology and people, and (6) technology and processes. These findings extend the relevance and statistical power of existing studies on KMS usage.
This study indicated that the most important concerns for increasing KMS usage were system quality, information quality, and technology fit. Results also confirmed that in the context of this study, people-oriented factors (self-efficacy, social ties, and ease of use/usefulness) and organizational process factors (leadership, organizational culture/climate, and governance) were not critical factors directly responsible for increasing KMS usage. However, the relationships among socio-technical factors all had positive significant relationships. Therefore, investments in people and process-oriented factors will create a more favorable perspective on technology-oriented factors, which in turn can increase KMS usage.
On a practical front, this study provided indicators to managers regarding a number of desirable and undesirable conditions that should be taken into consideration when developing or implementing knowledge management initiatives and the systems to support them. This study offered an original contribution to the existing bodies of knowledge on socio-technical factors and KMS usage behavior. The constructs presented in this study highlighted the significance of social and technical relationships in understanding knowledge seeking and contribution in a decision-driven organization.
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Ankoud, Manel. "Gestion de l’hétérogénéité d’un SI de classification documentaire multifacette et positionnement dans l’environnement des ECM." Thesis, Paris, CNAM, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2015CNAM0964.
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L’organisation des connaissances est une discipline investie par des bibliothécaires, documentalistes, archivistes spécialistes de l’information, informaticiens et tous professionnels de documents. Elle englobe toutes activités, études et recherches qui élaborent et traitent les processus d’organisation et de présentation des ressources documentaires utiles dans une organisation. Dans ce contexte, le projet ANR Miipa-Doc a pour objectifs d’explorer des nouvelles méthodes d’indexation ascendantes, en utilisant des termes descripteurs formulés par les individus plutôt que choisis parmi une liste préétablie, pour l’organisation des contenus documentaires complexes au sein des entreprises de large taille, et concevoir l’architecture logicielle correspondante.Dans ce projet notre contribution consiste à gérer l’hétérogénéité d’un système d’information d’organisation des contenus documentaires, basé sur une approche orientée métier et un SOC (système d’organisation des connaissances) folksonomique à facette. Nous proposons dans cette gestion une approche incrémentale dirigée par les modèles, issue de l’IDM (ingénierie dirigée par les modèles), basée sur des méta-modèles pour garantir l’aspect d’évolutivité. Après l’implémentation du prototype HyperTaging qui met en place ces deux approches, nous proposons un processus d’évaluation permet de positionner ce prototype et tous SI de classification documentaire dans l’environnement des ECM, en se basant sur des critères d’évaluation fins et particuliersThe knowledge organization is invested by librarians, archivists, information specialists, IT professionals and all discipline of document. It includes all activities, studies and research which develop and treat organization process and presentation of relevant information resources in an organization. In this context the Miipa-Doc project aims to explore new ascendants indexing methods, using descriptors made by individuals rather than selected given list for complex contained in the organization document, in large size companies, and design the corresponding software architecture.Our contribution in this project is to manage the heterogeneity of an information system of document organization, based on a business-oriented approach and a KOS (knowledge organization system) of folksonomy facet. We propose an incremental approach this management model driven, outcome of MDE (Model Driven Engineering), based on meta-models to ensure scalability appearance. After implementing the HyperTaging prototype, that implements both approaches, we propose an evaluation process used to position the prototype and all IS of documentary classification in the environment of ECM based on purposes of delicate and particular evaluation criteria
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Noori, Sheak Rashed Haider. "A Large Scale Distributed Knowledge Organization System." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Trento, 2011. https://hdl.handle.net/11572/368691.
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The revolution of Internet and the Web takes the computer and information technology into a new age. The information on the web is growing very fast. The progress of information and communication technologies has made accessible a large amount of information, which have provided each of us with access to far more information than we can comprehend or manage. This emphasizes the difficulty with the resulting semantic heterogeneity of the diverse sources. Human knowledge is a living organism and as such evolves in time where different people having different viewpoints and using different terminology among people of different cultures and languages, intensify the heterogeneity of the sources even more. These introduce some concrete problems like natural language disambiguation, information retrieval and information integration. Nevertheless, the problem is quite well known in almost every branch of knowledge and has been independently approached by several communities for several decades. To make this huge amount of existing information accessible and manageable while also solving the semantic heterogeneity problem, namely the problem of diversity in knowledge, and therefore support interoperability, it is essential to have a large scale high quality collaborative knowledge base along with a suitable structure as a common ground on which interoperability among people and different systems should be possible. It will play the role of a reference point for communication, assigning clear meaning by accurate disambiguation to exchanged information, communication and automating complex tasks. However, successfully building large scale knowledge bases with maximum coverage is not possible by a single person or a small group of people without collaborative support. It extremely depends on expert community based support. Therefore, it is necessary for experts to work together on knowledge base building. Furthermore, it is very natural that these expert users will be geographically distributed. Web 2.0 has the potential to support information sharing, interoperability and collaboration on the Web. Simplicity, flexibility and easy to use services make it an interactive and collaborative platform which allows them to create or edit their content. The exponential expansion of the Web users and the potentials of Web 2.0 make it the natural platform of choice for developing knowledge bases collaboratively. We propose a highly flexible knowledge base system, which takes into account diversity of knowledge and its evolution in time. The work presented in this thesis is part of a larger project. More specifically the goal of this thesis is to create a powerful and easy to use knowledge base management system to help people in building, organizing a high quality knowledge base and making accessible their knowledge and to support interoperability in real world scenarios.
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Noori, Sheak Rashed Haider. "A Large Scale Distributed Knowledge Organization System." Doctoral thesis, University of Trento, 2011. http://eprints-phd.biblio.unitn.it/569/1/PhD_Thesis_Noori.pdf.
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The revolution of Internet and the Web takes the computer and information technology into a new age. The information on the web is growing very fast. The progress of information and communication technologies has made accessible a large amount of information, which have provided each of us with access to far more information than we can comprehend or manage. This emphasizes the difficulty with the resulting semantic heterogeneity of the diverse sources. Human knowledge is a living organism and as such evolves in time where different people having different viewpoints and using different terminology among people of different cultures and languages, intensify the heterogeneity of the sources even more. These introduce some concrete problems like natural language disambiguation, information retrieval and information integration. Nevertheless, the problem is quite well known in almost every branch of knowledge and has been independently approached by several communities for several decades. To make this huge amount of existing information accessible and manageable while also solving the semantic heterogeneity problem, namely the problem of diversity in knowledge, and therefore support interoperability, it is essential to have a large scale high quality collaborative knowledge base along with a suitable structure as a common ground on which interoperability among people and different systems should be possible. It will play the role of a reference point for communication, assigning clear meaning by accurate disambiguation to exchanged information, communication and automating complex tasks. However, successfully building large scale knowledge bases with maximum coverage is not possible by a single person or a small group of people without collaborative support. It extremely depends on expert community based support. Therefore, it is necessary for experts to work together on knowledge base building. Furthermore, it is very natural that these expert users will be geographically distributed. Web 2.0 has the potential to support information sharing, interoperability and collaboration on the Web. Simplicity, flexibility and easy to use services make it an interactive and collaborative platform which allows them to create or edit their content. The exponential expansion of the Web users and the potentials of Web 2.0 make it the natural platform of choice for developing knowledge bases collaboratively. We propose a highly flexible knowledge base system, which takes into account diversity of knowledge and its evolution in time. The work presented in this thesis is part of a larger project. More specifically the goal of this thesis is to create a powerful and easy to use knowledge base management system to help people in building, organizing a high quality knowledge base and making accessible their knowledge and to support interoperability in real world scenarios.
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Tanabe, Eiichi 1959. "Knowledge chain in the clockspeed-based organization." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/29209.
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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, System Design & Management Program, 2000.Includes bibliographical references (leaf 75).
Adding to the increasing complexity and ambiguity in products and customer values, the sudden rise in the clockspeed of business operations is forcing existing companies towards a new organizational model, which autonomously integrates knowledge across technologies, functions, and clockspeeds to find optimal solutions. This thesis first analyzes clockspeed characteristics in terms of four dimensions (customer value, product, process, and organization) and clarifies them by means of presentations. Based on this analysis, it develops a conceptual framework and an organizational model for the mixed clockspeed organization: that is, a company whose products individually involve components or elements with different clockspeeds, and where the four dimensions of clockspeed are not necessarily highly correlated. Finally, the thesis proposes an original model for organizing such a mixed clockspeed organization, focused on building an intermediate layer of organization to mediate between the formal business unit structures and the informal human networks that have long been recognized as crucially important for technical organizations.
by Eiichi Tanabe.
S.M.
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Kwasnik, Barbarak. "Revisiting the Preserved Context Index System (PRECIS): The Bridge between Hierarchically Structured Thesauri and Facetted Classifications." dLIST, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/105262.
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This presentation will address the difficult task of representing complex concepts in a text in a way that reflects their contextual meaning. The preservation of context enables the disambiguation of a termiÌ s possible multiple senses, and also shows how the term is being used. In developing these ideas we revisit an indexing system called PRECIS, which was developed by Derek Austin in the early 1970s for subject indexing for the British National Bibliography, and subsequently developed by him with the assistance of Mary Dykstra into a adaptable method of linking both the semantics and syntax of indexing terms.
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Valenzuela, Jorge L. "DTAACS: distributed task allocation for adaptive computational system based on organization knowledge." Diss., Kansas State University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/18247.
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Doctor of PhilosophyDepartment of Computing and Information Sciences
Scott A. DeLoach
The Organization-Based Multi-Agent Systems (OMAS) paradigm is an approach to address the challenges posed by complex systems. The complexity of these systems, the changing environment where the systems are deployed, and satisfying higher user expectations are some of current requirements when designing OMAS. For the agents in an OMAS to pursue the achievement of a common goal or task, a certain level of coordination and collaboration occurs among them. An objective in this coordination is to make the decision of who does what. Several solutions have been proposed to answer this task allocation question. The majority of the solutions proposed fall in the categories of marked-based approaches, reactive systems, or game theory approaches. A common fact among these solutions is the system information sharing among agents, which is used only to keep the participant agent informed about other agents activities and mission status. To further exploit and take advantage of this system information shared among agents, a framework is proposed to use this information to answer the question who does what, and reduce the communication among agents. DTAACS-OK is a distributed knowledge-based framework that addresses the Single Agent Task Allocation Problem (SAT-AP) and the Multiple Agent Task Allocation Problem (MAT-AP) in cooperative OMAS. The allocation of tasks is based on an identical organization knowledge posses by all agents in the organization. DTAACS-OK di ers with current solutions in that (a) it is not a marked-based approach where task are auctioned among agents, or (b) it is not based on agents behaviour, where the action or lack of action of an agent cause the reaction of other agents in the organization.
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Febriyani, Yeni. "The Perception of Knowledge Management System Implementation to Employee Performance is Measured With Balanced Scorecard at PT Vale Indonesia TBK." TopSCHOLAR®, 2016. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/1598.
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Knowledge Management System (KMS) is a necessary concept as knowledge possessed by each individual employee is an intellectual property asset that will provide benefits for any organization. In a company, in terms of KMS, employees’ performance holds an important role in helping run the business of the company becoming sustainable and successful. Therefore, the measurement of employees’ performance based on a balanced scorecard is needed to understand the current business situation. This research helped focus on the perception between the KMS and employee’s performance based on a balanced scorecard (BSC) regarding a financial perspective, customer perspective, internal business process perspective, and learning & growth perspective. A survey was conducted at PT. Vale Indonesia Tbk (Vale) to ascertain these perspectives and perceptions of employees regarding performance based on a BSC. These perception data were analyzed, and conclusions were drawn regarding hypotheses. The findings section of this thesis shows the results in details. The results of the survey showed that the employees had a good perception of the value and benefits of KMS as measured with the BSC with the exception of the financial aspect. The interpretation of the results created recommendations to further implement KMS, and to improve employees’ performance at Vale.
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Goodrich, Mark R. "The implementation of a knowledge management system to the acquisition organization at a major systems command." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2000. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA386039.
Full textBooks on the topic "Knowledge Organization System (KOS)"
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Andoniou, Constantine. Fractal fetishes: Essays on the organization of the system of information. Saarbrücken: VDM, Verlag Dr. Müller, 2008.
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Andoniou, Constantine. Fractal fetishes: Essays on the organization of the system of information. Saarbrücken: VDM, Verlag Dr. Müller, 2008.
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Zhulidov, Sergey. Trade organization. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/987233.
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The book describes the main stages of organization and technology of trade processes at the enterprises of wholesale and retail trade in the market. Separate chapters are devoted to retail trade services, technological solutions shops, as well as the protection of consumer rights and the fundamental rules of trade.
Given the schema, table, topics interdisciplinary course, accompanied by explanatory text. Schemes allow to consider the material on the theoretical and practical level in their unity, which provides the opportunity to see the structure of the problem being studied, its logical relations, theoretical approaches, and therefore provides a more in-depth study of the discipline.
The textbook will help students acquire new knowledge and skills in the field of trade in the sphere of circulation of goods and services and to prepare them for successful practical activity in the conditions of market economy.
Meets the requirements of Federal state educational standards of secondary professional education on a speciality "Commerce (on branches)" PM.01 "Organization and management of trade marketing activities of" MDK 01.02 "Organization of trade".
For students on specialities "Commerce (on branches)" and "commodity research and quality expertise of consumer goods" and for listeners of system of improvement of qualification of workers of trade.
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Frank, Van Harmelen, ed. Information sharing on the semantic Web. Berlin: Springer, 2005.
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Minobrnauki, Rossiyskoy. Finance and Financial analysis. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1242227.
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The textbook systematizes basic knowledge in the field of finance, financial analysis and financial management, presented in their direct relationship and significance from the point of view of evaluation, diagnosis, forecasting and monitoring of the continuity of the organization's activities. It includes seven chapters grouped into three sections. The first section is devoted to the theoretical foundations of the organization's financial management, stakeholders and sources of the organization's activities. The second section discusses the basics of financial analysis, providing knowledge of the main directions, information base and methods of financial analysis, as well as allowing them to be applied reasonably, calculate and evaluate analytical indicators, determine the impact of globalization processes, various macro-and microfactors on the financial condition of the organization. The third section contains the basics of financial management, providing an understanding of the essence of the financial mechanism of the organization and algorithms for justifying decisions in the field of financial management.
It complies with the federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation and provides the formation of basic competencies in the field of finance, financial management and financial analysis.
For bachelor's, specialist's and master's students studying in the field of Economics, the system of additional professional education, training centers for advanced training of auditors and other financial market specialists, as well as for individual preparation of applicants for qualification certification and passing qualification exams.
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Golubeva, Tat'yana. Analysis of financial and economic activities. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1081757.
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The textbook discusses the theoretical foundations of economic analysis as a system of knowledge about the subject and objects, method and tasks, methodology and organization of analytical work at the enterprise. The methods of managerial and financial analysis of the business entity's activities, including the calculation of reserves for improving the results of production and economic activity, are presented.
Meets the requirements of the federal state educational standards of secondary vocational education of the latest generation.
For students of secondary vocational educational institutions studying in an enlarged group of specialties 38.02.00 "Economics and Management".
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Kaspina, Roza, and Lyubov' Plotnikova. Accounting and taxation of foreign economic activities of organizations. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1018339.
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The tutorial contains practical examples of organization and conducting accounting and tax accounting of foreign economic activity and the examples that reveal the specifics of foreign exchange operations. Given a multivariate system of control of knowledge of students with answers and solution algorithm is a full set of the Fund of assessment tools for current and intermediate control. Used active learning methods in the form of colloquiums, business games, discussions and other interactive forms.
Meets the requirements of Federal state educational standards of higher education of the last generation.
Designed for students enrolled in our undergraduate and graduate students of economic universities. It can be useful to executives and managers of organizations, chief accountants and economists, auditors in their practical work, as presented in the textbook material allows to solve a dispute.
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Burmistrova, Lyudmila. Accounting. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1045886.
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the textbook reveals the basics of accounting and reporting. This knowledge will help economists and managers to better understand the work of accountants, quickly and carefully make management decisions based on the processes occurring in the organization's finances.
It contains the most important concepts and definitions. Raises the main problems related to the organization and maintenance of accounting, reporting, financial management based on analysis and management accounting. In addition, the issues of taxes and tax accounting at the enterprise were touched upon.
The material is presented in an accessible language, with examples and calculations. The methods of accounting and analysis are given. With the help of control questions, tests, tasks, the skills of reflecting business operations in the accounting and financial analysis system are fixed.
For students and teachers, as well as anyone interested in accounting issues.
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Grigor'eva, Iya. Geoecology. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1969527.
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The textbook highlights the problems and history of the formation of geoecology as a science; basic concepts and definitions in the system of geoecological knowledge; theoretical provisions on the structure, dynamics and interaction of the Earth's geospheres. The main types of anthropogenic impacts and reactions of the Earth's ecosystems to them are considered. The formal-logical and theoretical-methodological foundations of the organization of natural and natural-technical systems are given; attention is paid to the ecological consequences of the functioning of natural-technical systems of various types: urban, industrial, agricultural, energy, etc. An idea of the information bases and approaches in geoecology is given.
For students and postgraduates studying in the fields of training (specialties) "Geology", "Geography", "Ecology and nature management". It can be used by specialists engaged in solving problems of geoecology and rational nature management.
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Lachinina, Tat'yana. Change Management. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1859856.
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The textbook outlines the theoretical foundations of change management, as well as models and approaches to their implementation. The essence of resistance to change is revealed and methods of overcoming resistance to change in the organization are given. The manual includes the results of a study of the process of managing the socio-economic system during a period of strategic changes and contains an educational and methodological workshop that helps consolidate the studied material and verify the knowledge gained. Meets the requirements of the federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation. It is intended for students studying in the areas of 38.03.02 "Management" (bachelor's degree) and 38.03.03 "Personnel Management" (bachelor's degree), undergraduates, graduate students, university professors, heads of organizations, as well as for anyone interested in the specifics of change management in modern socio-economic systems.
Book chapters on the topic "Knowledge Organization System (KOS)"
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Szostak, Rick, Claudio Gnoli, and María López-Huertas. "How to Develop a KOS to Serve Interdisciplinarity." In Interdisciplinary Knowledge Organization, 151–70. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-30148-8_7.
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He, Joy Wei, and Kwok-Kee Wei. "Knowledge Management Systems (KMS) Continuance in Organizations: A Social Relational Perspective." In Knowledge Science, Engineering and Management, 34–41. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/11811220_4.
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Czap, H. "Case Based Software Engineering CBSE The Example of a Store Control System." In Classification and Knowledge Organization, 245–52. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-59051-1_26.
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Romacker, Martin, Klemens Schnattinger, Udo Hahn, Stefan Schulz, and Rüdiger Klar. "A Natural Language Understanding System for Knowledge-Based Analysis of Medical Texts." In Classification and Knowledge Organization, 499–508. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-59051-1_52.
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Stausberg, J., M. Laghmouch, and C. Moraga. "Realization of a Medical Data Dictionary in a Relational Database Management System." In Classification and Knowledge Organization, 547–54. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-59051-1_57.
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Oertel, Wolfgang. "Knowledge organization using the development system FAENSY." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 303–6. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-61708-6_69.
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Mezahem, Fatema Hamad, Said A. Salloum, and Khaled Shaalan. "Applying Knowledge Map System for Sharing Knowledge in an Organization." In Proceedings of International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Intelligent Systems, 1007–17. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-85990-9_80.
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Wang, Jue. "An Approach to Designing an Expert System Through Knowledge Organization." In Expert System Applications, 361–93. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-83314-4_6.
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De Maio, Annarita, Daniele Ferone, Elisabetta Fersini, Enza Messina, Francesco Santoro, and Antonio Violi. "Smart Tourism System in Calabria." In Studies in Classification, Data Analysis, and Knowledge Organization, 131–44. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-51222-4_11.
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Meulman, Jacqueline J., Lawrence J. Hubert, and Willem J. Heiser. "The Data Theory Scaling System." In Studies in Classification, Data Analysis, and Knowledge Organization, 489–96. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-72253-0_66.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Knowledge Organization System (KOS)"
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Fitriasari, Novi Sofia, Willdan Aprizal Arifin, Ayang Armelita, Luthfi Anzani, Afrizal Dzikrillah, Aulia Maulida Rahmah, Abdillah Aditama Sujana, Hilda Maela Kisty, and Salsabila Putri Fahriza. "Marine and Fishery Big Data System Model: A Knowledge Management System Perspective." In The 4th International Conference on Science and Technology Applications. Switzerland: Trans Tech Publications Ltd, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-6v8e2d.
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The need for data on marine resources is increasing, Indonesia as one of the world's maritime countries plays a big role in this. The successful application of big data on marine resources is not only seen from the technology used in it but it is also must related to other system components. A qualitative approach is used in this study to produce a big data model that can be applied to marine resources. This research produces a big data model from the perspective of a Knowledge Management System (KMS) which consists of four elements or layers, namely organization, Big Data Process and Technology Information, and people as users. The integration of these four elements is expected to promote economic transformation and knowledge in the marine and fishery sectors.
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Al-Raqadi, A. M. S., and B. S. N. Al-Riyami. "PaperTitle." In International Conference on Marine Engineering and Technology Oman. London: IMarEST, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.24868/icmet.oman.2019.020.
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Transfer of modern technology (ToMT) including upgrading/alterations/additions (As and As)) through individuals’ organizational effectiveness of training (EoT) in the Omani ships’ repairs environment (OSRE) remains a challenging issue, particularly with regards to the future of on-going projects such as ships/maritime materiel, infrastructure and platforms that continue their operations for many years after acceptance dates. ToMT/upgrading is done to enhance the capability of the whole dockyard/navy through a predetermined arrangement, involving many areas of interest such as the knowledge, competencies and skills (KCS) of the indigenous workforce to support the capability. Typical examples that can drag/slow down the modern KCS development of the indigenous workforce are to fully depend on the outside contracts, manpower substitution, external organization and institutions to do the work, which can also be expensive in the short and long-term. Technology transfer requires a high level of commitment and expertise from both the technology provider and the recipients/owner/indigenous workforce. Intellectual talents are a decisive requirement, followed by financial resources, particularly when major contractual projects and long-term relations are involved. This literature review and methodical study endeavoured to draw previous experience of the organizations under study, including the Omani Dockyard, to understand the current situational readiness of knowledge, competencies and skills (KCS) in single- and double-loop learning. The KCS are valued by emphasising the need for force for direction, force for efficiency, force for proficiency, force for innovation, force for concentration and force of cooperation as ‘a system of forces’ and also the effectiveness of training, to deliver overall Organizational Performance. The study begins by significantly and initially forming a model to introduce the determinants for the subject of study, followed by a critical literature review on ToMT and the determinants of the model. The discussion and conclusions are intended to outline the method that enhances readiness for new technology. The main contributing factors are the know-how to develop expertise and transfer KCS in the workplace. This study has determined the collaborative value of the current business to see whether future acceptance of new knowledge or technology transfer can be entertained.
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S Halibas, Alrence, Rolou Lyn Maata, Mohamed Abdul Kader Varusai, Ali Al-Badi, and Peyman Nouraey. "Design of a Knowledge Management System for the Research-Teaching Nexus: Evidence from Institutional Audit Reports [Abstract]." In InSITE 2020: Informing Science + IT Education Conferences: Online. Informing Science Institute, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.28945/4543.
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[This Proceedings paper was revised and published in the journal "Issues in Informing Science and Information Technology," 16, 21-40.] Aim/Purpose: The need for Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) to maximize the use of their intellectual property and strategic resources for research and teaching has become ever more evident in recent years. Furthermore, little attention is paid in developing an enabling system that will facilitate knowledge trans-fer in the Research-Teaching Nexus (RTN). Hence, this study assesses the current state of practice in knowledge management of the nexus in higher education in Oman. It also explores the context of how Knowledge Management System (KMS) for the nexus can be designed and utilized by HEIs and challenges them to rethink their traditional approaches in managing their knowledge assets to boost individual and organizational learning. Background: This study provides a Knowledge Management-based framework and de-sign of a knowledge management system that support the academic community towards the improvement of the nexus. This study sets out ideas from various academic and professional experts on how academic stake-holders in the higher education can improve and promote knowledge transfer and make better use of its knowledge and research assets for teaching and learning. It stressed the importance of having the knowledge assets or resources that can easily be pooled, accessed, and made available to its intended stakeholders. Methodology: Data were gathered from 29 out of 49 institutional quality audit reports of all HEIs in Oman. The panel comments were coded and analysed to ex-tract valuable insights regarding the management of knowledge assets in research. Additionally, data were gathered from the institutional accreditation outcomes page of the same website. Manifest and latent content analyses were used in reporting the findings of the panel. Contribution: The study will contribute to a greater understanding and acceptance of Knowledge Management (KM) in higher education and extended the body of knowledge concerning knowledge management for the RTN. Findings: The reports revealed a very limited practice of the nexus in terms of people and culture, structure ad processes, and computing and web technologies. A few staff are involved in RTN work, there is an uneven understanding of the RTN among staff, limited joint research between staff and students are some of the reasons for this. Significantly, there is no explicit research framework or policy for the RTN, and systems and/or mechanisms are limited. Furthermore, the reports did not account any use of computing and web technologies for the nexus. These limitations can lead to students with less academic, research, and graduate skills. Hence, this study presents a feature design of a KMS that incorporates various RTN best practices, as informed by the reports and literature. The design will allow the staff to utilize the research assets in the classroom, at the same time, engages stu-dents in research and scholarly undertakings. Recommendations for Practitioners: All HEIs must have a innovative system that integrates a formal agenda and approach, and set initiatives, strategies, policies, and procedures for knowledge management in utilizing research assets for teaching and learning. It must be designed so that RTN practices remain up-to-date, relevant, and responsive to the needs of the stakeholders, as well as, address academic accreditation challenges. Recommendation for Researchers: Researchers can evaluate the knowledge management of RTN practices of other HEIs outside of Oman to effectively recommend the proper course of action for teaching and learning improvement. Impact on Society: This study will redefine the role and contribution of HEIs, which are key players in advancing a knowledge economy. HEIs are expected to be powerhouses where academic knowledge is discovered, created, disseminated, shared, and re-invented. They must be able to fully grasp the value of man-aging knowledge to be able to effect positive and purposeful change to the community. Future Research: Future work should include staff and student surveys that examine the knowledge management need of the learning organization to better inform the design of a KMS for the RTN. Thereafter, future research can test the stage to test the effectiveness of the conceptual design.
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Badi, Ibtihal, Andreas Braun, and Lena Kallis. "Model-Based Knowledge Management in HV Battery Development." In SAE/AABC - EV Mobility 2030. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2024-01-2902.
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<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">In the dynamic landscape of battery development, the quest for improved energy storage and efficiency has become paramount. The contemporary energy transition, coupled with growing demands for electric vehicles, renewable energy sources, and portable electronic devices, has underscored the critical role that batteries play in our modern world. To navigate this challenging terrain and harness the full potential of battery technology, a well-defined and comprehensive data strategy resp. knowledge management strategy are indispensable. Conversely, the imminent and rapid progression of artificial intelligence (AI) is poised to have a substantial impact on the forthcoming landscape of work and the methodologies organizations employ for the management of their knowledge management (KM) procedures. Conventional KM endeavors encompass a spectrum of activities such as the creation, transmission, retention, and evaluation of an enterprise’s knowledge over the entire knowledge lifecycle. However, these efforts frequently overlook the ongoing advancements within the domain of AI. Consequently, organizations grapple with the integration of AI into their operational milieu to harness enhanced efficiency in outcomes.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph">This paper will draw upon the tenets of the already established KM strategies in AVL High Voltage Energy Systems Team and Al-centric paradigm tailored for the implementation of KMS within organizational frameworks. Our proposed approach serves to fortify the foundations of KM strategy by outlining the ways in which AI interfaces with existing operational procedures. This, in turn, enables a comprehensive comprehension of the potential roles AI could assume in the intricate interplay between knowledge workers and AI systems.</div></div>
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"Virtual and knowledge-based organization minitrack." In Proceedings of HICSS33: Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences. IEEE, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/hicss.2000.926881.
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Feng, Yong, and Hong-Yan Xu. "Design on Post Knowledge Push System for Knowledge-Based Organization." In 2008 4th International Conference on Wireless Communications, Networking and Mobile Computing (WiCOM). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/wicom.2008.2545.
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Shen, Zhang. "Student organization system based on the knowledge management." In 2011 International Conference on E-Business and E-Government (ICEE). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icebeg.2011.5882014.
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Yonghui, Cao, and Liu Hui. "Study of Multi-agent Self-Organization System." In 2009 Second International Symposium on Knowledge Acquisition and Modeling. IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/kam.2009.250.
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Sharma, Alok, Les Miller, and Sree Nilakanta. "Managing Knowledge for Organization-Wide Ad Hoc Committees." In 2011 44th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS 2011). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/hicss.2011.297.
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Xiaowen Wang, Jinsheng He, Shu'en Wang, and Mingrong Wang. "Model and empirical analysis for organization knowledge innovation system." In 2011 2nd International Conference on Artificial Intelligence, Management Science and Electronic Commerce (AIMSEC). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/aimsec.2011.6011222.
Full textReports on the topic "Knowledge Organization System (KOS)"
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Winkler-Portmann, Simon J. Knowledge transfer supporting sustainable development: implications for regional intermediaries. Sonderforschungsgruppe Institutionenanalyse, November 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46850/sofia.9783941627970.
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The wicked sustainability challenges of current socio-technical systems, crossing the planetary boundaries vital for human life, call for fundamental and radical change in the form of transitions. These sustainability transitions require a knowledge basis of relevant actors in the system, which intermediary structures organizing knowledge transfer can support. Over the last decades, sustainability researchers have not only increasingly studied the dynamics of transitions (Rip and Kemp 1998; Geels 2002; Papachristos et al. 2013), but have also gained insights on activities contributing to the acceleration of transitions and the sup-portive role of intermediaries in that regard (Wieczorek and Hekkert 2012; Kanda et al. 2018; Kivimaa et al. 2019). This paper revisits the literature on the dynamics of transitions, the activities of intermediaries in contributing in order to formulate implications of the characteristics of sustainable development and sustainability transitions and the related knowledge types for the organization of knowledge transfer by regional intermediaries.
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Karam, Sofia, Morteza Nagahi, Vidanelage Dayarathna, Junfeng Ma, Raed Jaradat, and Michael Hamilton. Integrating systems thinking skills with multi-criteria decision-making technology to recruit employee candidates. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/41026.
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The emergence of modern complex systems is often exacerbated by a proliferation of information and complication of technologies. Because current complex systems challenges can limit an organization's ability to efficiently handle socio-technical systems, it is essential to provide methods and techniques that count on individuals' systems skills. When selecting future employees, companies must constantly refresh their recruitment methods in order to find capable candidates with the required level of systemic skills who are better fit for their organization's requirements and objectives. The purpose of this study is to use systems thinking skills as a supplemental selection tool when recruiting prospective employees. To the best of our knowledge, there is no prior research that studied the use of systems thinking skills for recruiting purposes. The proposed framework offers an established tool to HRM professionals for assessing and screening of prospective employees of an organization based on their level of systems thinking skills while controlling uncertainties of complex decision-making environment with the fuzzy linguistic approach. This framework works as an expert system to find the most appropriate candidate for the organization to enhance the human capital for the organization.
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Franco Silva, Adriana. Working paper PUEAA No. 19. Dissidences, learning, and organizational experiences of Latin American women: Decolonial Dialogues. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Programa Universitario de Estudios sobre Asia y África, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.22201/pueaa.004r.2023.
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In recent years, violence against women has increased significantly in Latin America. Faced with this context, women have not been passive, but have organized themselves to confront the violence of the system. The community feminism of Bolivia and Guatemala, as well as the organization of black women in Brazil are just a few examples of the different women's movements throughout the region. The proposals that have come out of these groups have made visible the historical violence of capitalism and are also proposing new ways of socialization based on the recovery of their knowledge and experiences. In this way, in this text some of their approaches will be shared, emphasizing that the proposals confront the prevailing system and provide alternatives to face the crisis of civilization.
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Tyshchenko, Yelyzaveta Yu, and Andrii M. Striuk. Актуальність розробки моделі адаптивного навчання. [б. в.], December 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/123456789/2889.
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The learning process can be made most effective by transferring the educational process to the electronic environment. Thanks to adaptive testing, the accuracy, quality, reliability of training and student interest are enhanced, which allows him to be more motivated. This is a new approach for the student to master most of the information. The introduction of an adaptive testing system ensures the improvement of student learning performance. From the proper organization of the control of knowledge depends on the effectiveness of the educational process. Adaptive testing involves changing the sequence of tasks in the testing process itself, taking into account the answers to the tasks already received. In the process of passing the test, a personality model is built that learns for later use in selecting the following testing tasks, depending on the level of knowledge of the student and his individual characteristics. When calculating the assessment, the adaptive testing system takes into account the probability that the student can guess the answer, the number of attempts to pass the test and the average result achieved during all attempts. The complex of tasks for adaptive testing can be developed taking into account a separate type of perception of information by each student, that is, the student is offered tasks that he is able to cope with and which are interesting for him, which means he is more confident in his abilities and aims at successful completion of the course.
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Diahyleva, Olena S., Igor V. Gritsuk, Olena Y. Kononova, and Alona Y. Yurzhenko. Computerized adaptive testing in educational electronic environment of maritime higher education institutions. [б. в.], June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/123456789/4448.
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The article is devoted to the organization of modern learning process, namely the use of innovative technologies – computerized adaptive testing in educational electronic environment of maritime higher education institutions. The example of educational electronic environment is presented in the article on LMS Moodle. The provided new technological and methodological opportunities are a priority in the developed methods of control and testing of knowledge, skills and abilities of students. Comparative characteristic of using computerized adaptive testing in educational electronic environment is given in the article according to different criteria: the role of tests in the learning process; methods of training; equipment; presence of the problems in educational process; level of its control and learning outcomes. The paper also presents examples of activities to form communicative competency of future maritime professionals. Types of adaptive tests are listed in the paper. The research activities were done by second year cadets of ship engineering department of Maritime College of Kherson State Maritime Academy. The experiment was devoted to the formation of communicative competence with the help of electronic environment of maritime higher education institution. The results of experiment proved positive impact of computerized adaptive testing on communicative competence of future ship engineers. Further investigation of adaptive testing can also be done for learning system of maritime education establishments using simulation technologies of virtual, augmented and mixed realities.
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Shiihi, Solomon, U. G. Okafor, Zita Ekeocha, Stephen Robert Byrn, and Kari L. Clase. Improving the Outcome of GMP Inspections by Improving Proficiency of Inspectors through Consistent GMP Trainings. Purdue University, November 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317433.
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Approximately 90% of the pharmaceutical inspectors in a pharmacy practice regulatory agency in West Africa have not updated their training on Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) inspection in at least eight years. However, in the last two years the inspectors relied on learning-on-the job skills. During this time, the agency introduced about 17% of its inspectors to hands-on GMP trainings. GMP is the part of quality assurance that ensures the production or manufacture of medicinal products is consistent in order to control the quality standards appropriate for their intended use as required by the specification of the product. Inspection reports on the Agency’s GMP inspection format in-between 2013 to 2019 across the six geopolitical zones in the country were reviewed retrospectively for gap analysis. Sampling was done in two phases. During the first phase sampling of reports was done by random selection, using a stratified sampling method. In the second phase, inspectors from the Regulatory Agency from different regions were contacted on phone to send in four reports each by email. For those that forwarded four reports, two, were selected. However for those who forwarded one or two, all were considered. Also, the Agency’s inspection format/checklist was compared with the World Health Organization (WHO) GMP checklist and the GMP practice observed. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the reporting skills and the ability of inspectors to interpret findings vis-à-vis their proficiency in inspection activities hence the efficiency of the system. Secondly, the study seeks to establish shortfalls or adequacies of the Agency’s checklist with the aim of reviewing and improving in-line with best global practices. It was observed that different inspectors have different styles and methods of writing reports from the same check-list/inspection format, leading to non-conformances. Interpretations of findings were found to be subjective. However, it was also observed that inspection reports from the few inspectors with the hands-on training in the last two year were more coherent. This indicates that pharmaceutical inspectors need to be trained regularly to increase their knowledge and skills in order to be kept on the same pace. It was also observed that there is a slight deviation in placing sub indicators under the GMP components in the Agency’s GMP inspection format, as compared to the WHO checklist.
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Bloch, G., and H. S. Woodard. regulation of size related division of labor in a key pollinator and its impact on crop pollination efficacy. Israel: United States-Israel Binational Agricultural Research and Development Fund, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2021.8134168.bard.
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Despite the rapid increase in reliance on bumble bees for food production and security, there are many critical knowledge gaps in our understanding of bumble bee biology that limit their colony production, commercial management, and pollination services. Our project focuses on the social, endocrine, and molecular processes regulating body size in the two bumble bee species most important to agriculture: Bombus terrestris in Israel, and B. impatiens in the USA. Variation in body size underline both caste (queen/worker) differentiation and division of labor among workers (foragers are typically larger than nest bees), two hallmarks of insect sociality which are also crucial for the commercial rearing and crop pollination services of bumble bees. Our project has generated several fundamental new insights into the biology of bumble bees, which can be integrated into science-based management strategies for commercial pollination. Using transcriptomic and behavioral approaches we show that in spite of high flexibility, task performance (brood care or foraging) in bumble bee colonies is associated with physiological variation and differential brain gene expression and RNA editing patterns. We further showed that interactions between the brood, the queen, and the workers determine the developmental program of the larva. We identified two important periods. The first is a critical period during the first few days after hatching. Larvae fed by queens during this period develop over less days, are not likely to develop into gynes, and commonly reach a smaller ultimate body size compared to workers reared mostly or solely by workers. The facial exocrine (mandibular and hypopharangeal) glands are involved in this queen effect on larva development. The second period is important for determining the ultimate body size which is positively regulated by the number of tending workers. The presence of the queen during this stage has little, if at all, influence. We further show that stressors such as agrochemicals that interfere with foraging or brood care specific processes can compromise bumble bee colony development and their pollination performance. We also developed new technology (an RFID system) for automated collection of foraging trip data, for future deployment in agroecosystems. In spite of many similarities, our findings suggest important differences between the Eurasian model species (B. terrestris) and the North American model species (B. impatiens) that impact how management strategies translate across the two species. For example, there is a similar influence of the queen on offspring body size in both species, but this effect does not appear to be mediated by development time in B. impatiens as it is in B. terrestris. Taken together, our collaboration highlights the power of comparative work, to show that considerable differences that exist between these two key pollinator species, and in the organization of young bumble bee nests (wherein queens provide the majority of care and then transition away from brood care) relative to later stages of nest development.
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Kirchhoff, Helmut, and Ziv Reich. Protection of the photosynthetic apparatus during desiccation in resurrection plants. United States Department of Agriculture, February 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2014.7699861.bard.
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In this project, we studied the photosynthetic apparatus during dehydration and rehydration of the homoiochlorophyllous resurrection plant Craterostigmapumilum (retains most of the photosynthetic components during desiccation). Resurrection plants have the remarkable capability to withstand desiccation, being able to revive after prolonged severe water deficit in a few days upon rehydration. Homoiochlorophyllous resurrection plants are very efficient in protecting the photosynthetic machinery against damage by reactive oxygen production under drought. The main purpose of this BARD project was to unravel these largely unknown protection strategies for C. pumilum. In detail, the specific objectives were: (1) To determine the distribution and local organization of photosynthetic protein complexes and formation of inverted hexagonal phases within the thylakoid membranes at different dehydration/rehydration states. (2) To determine the 3D structure and characterize the geometry, topology, and mechanics of the thylakoid network at the different states. (3) Generation of molecular models for thylakoids at the different states and study the implications for diffusion within the thylakoid lumen. (4) Characterization of inter-system electron transport, quantum efficiencies, photosystem antenna sizes and distribution, NPQ, and photoinhibition at different hydration states. (5) Measuring the partition of photosynthetic reducing equivalents between the Calvin cycle, photorespiration, and the water-water cycle. At the beginning of the project, we decided to use C. pumilum instead of C. wilmsii because the former species was available from our collaborator Dr. Farrant. In addition to the original two dehydration states (40 relative water content=RWC and 5% RWC), we characterized a third state (15-20%) because some interesting changes occurs at this RWC. Furthermore, it was not possible to detect D1 protein levels by Western blot analysis because antibodies against other higher plants failed to detect D1 in C. pumilum. We developed growth conditions that allow reproducible generation of different dehydration and rehydration states for C. pumilum. Furthermore, advanced spectroscopy and microscopy for C. pumilum were established to obtain a detailed picture of structural and functional changes of the photosynthetic apparatus in different hydrated states. Main findings of our study are: 1. Anthocyan accumulation during desiccation alleviates the light pressure within the leaves (Fig. 1). 2. During desiccation, stomatal closure leads to drastic reductions in CO2 fixation and photorespiration. We could not identify alternative electron sinks as a solution to reduce ROS production. 3. On the supramolecular level, semicrystalline protein arrays were identified in thylakoid membranes in the desiccated state (see Fig. 3). On the electron transport level, a specific series of shut downs occur (summarized in Fig. 2). The main events include: Early shutdown of the ATPase activity, cessation of electron transport between cyt. bf complex and PSI (can reduce ROS formation at PSI); at higher dehydration levels uncoupling of LHCII from PSII and cessation of electron flow from PSII accompanied by crystal formation. The later could severe as a swift PSII reservoir during rehydration. The specific order of events in the course of dehydration and rehydration discovered in this project is indicative for regulated structural transitions specifically realized in resurrection plants. This detailed knowledge can serve as an interesting starting point for rationale genetic engineering of drought-tolerant crops.
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Bourrier, Mathilde, Michael Deml, and Farnaz Mahdavian. Comparative report of the COVID-19 Pandemic Responses in Norway, Sweden, Germany, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. University of Stavanger, November 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31265/usps.254.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of this report is to compare the risk communication strategies and public health mitigation measures implemented by Germany, Norway, Sweden, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom (UK) in 2020 in response to the COVID-19 pandemic based on publicly available documents. The report compares the country responses both in relation to one another and to the recommendations and guidance of the World Health Organization where available. The comparative report is an output of Work Package 1 from the research project PAN-FIGHT (Fighting pandemics with enhanced risk communication: Messages, compliance and vulnerability during the COVID-19 outbreak), which is financially supported by the Norwegian Research Council's extraordinary programme for corona research. PAN-FIGHT adopts a comparative approach which follows a “most different systems” variation as a logic of comparison guiding the research (Przeworski & Teune, 1970). The countries in this study include two EU member States (Sweden, Germany), one which was engaged in an exit process from the EU membership (the UK), and two non-European Union states, but both members of the European Free Trade Association (EFTA): Norway and Switzerland. Furthermore, Germany and Switzerland govern by the Continental European Federal administrative model, with a relatively weak central bureaucracy and strong subnational, decentralised institutions. Norway and Sweden adhere to the Scandinavian model—a unitary but fairly decentralised system with power bestowed to the local authorities. The United Kingdom applies the Anglo-Saxon model, characterized by New Public Management (NPM) and decentralised managerial practices (Einhorn & Logue, 2003; Kuhlmann & Wollmann, 2014; Petridou et al., 2019). In total, PAN-FIGHT is comprised of 5 Work Packages (WPs), which are research-, recommendation-, and practice-oriented. The WPs seek to respond to the following research questions and accomplish the following: WP1: What are the characteristics of governmental and public health authorities’ risk communication strategies in five European countries, both in comparison to each other and in relation to the official strategies proposed by WHO? WP2: To what extent and how does the general public’s understanding, induced by national risk communication, vary across five countries, in relation to factors such as social capital, age, gender, socio-economic status and household composition? WP3: Based on data generated in WP1 and WP2, what is the significance of being male or female in terms of individual susceptibility to risk communication and subsequent vulnerability during the COVID-19 outbreak? WP4: Based on insight and knowledge generated in WPs 1 and 2, what recommendations can we offer national and local governments and health institutions on enhancing their risk communication strategies to curb pandemic outbreaks? WP5: Enhance health risk communication strategies across five European countries based upon the knowledge and recommendations generated by WPs 1-4. Pre-pandemic preparedness characteristics All five countries had pandemic plans developed prior to 2020, which generally were specific to influenza pandemics but not to coronaviruses. All plans had been updated following the H1N1 pandemic (2009-2010). During the SARS (2003) and MERS (2012) outbreaks, both of which are coronaviruses, all five countries experienced few cases, with notably smaller impacts than the H1N1 epidemic (2009-2010). The UK had conducted several exercises (Exercise Cygnet in 2016, Exercise Cygnus in 2016, and Exercise Iris in 2018) to check their preparedness plans; the reports from these exercises concluded that there were gaps in preparedness for epidemic outbreaks. Germany also simulated an influenza pandemic exercise in 2007 called LÜKEX 07, to train cross-state and cross-department crisis management (Bundesanstalt Technisches Hilfswerk, 2007). In 2017 within the context of the G20, Germany ran a health emergency simulation exercise with WHO and World Bank representatives to prepare for potential future pandemics (Federal Ministry of Health et al., 2017). Prior to COVID-19, only the UK had expert groups, notably the Scientific Advisory Group for Emergencies (SAGE), that was tasked with providing advice during emergencies. It had been used in previous emergency events (not exclusively limited to health). In contrast, none of the other countries had a similar expert advisory group in place prior to the pandemic. COVID-19 waves in 2020 All five countries experienced two waves of infection in 2020. The first wave occurred during the first half of the year and peaked after March 2020. The second wave arrived during the final quarter. Norway consistently had the lowest number of SARS-CoV-2 infections per million. Germany’s counts were neither the lowest nor the highest. Sweden, Switzerland and the UK alternated in having the highest numbers per million throughout 2020. Implementation of measures to control the spread of infection In Germany, Switzerland and the UK, health policy is the responsibility of regional states, (Länders, cantons and nations, respectively). However, there was a strong initial centralized response in all five countries to mitigate the spread of infection. Later on, country responses varied in the degree to which they were centralized or decentralized. Risk communication In all countries, a large variety of communication channels were used (press briefings, websites, social media, interviews). Digital communication channels were used extensively. Artificial intelligence was used, for example chatbots and decision support systems. Dashboards were used to provide access to and communicate data.
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Reducing Cybersecurity Risks at the Organization’s Endpoints: Cybersecurity Best Practices. Inter-American Development Bank, July 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0013085.
Full textAbstract:
This publication presents a series of measures that allow for the protection of physical devices, such as desktop computers and mobile devices, that connect to an organizations network system, commonly referred to as “endpoints” of the network, by establishing security protocols based on physical security and access prevention, permission management, information protection, and software implementation. The document refers to a wide range of endpoints, irrespective of their operating system, terminal type, or where they connect from within the organization, with readers being able to implement the recommendations regardless of whether they deal with internal fixed or mobile stations or when connecting other devices that are not the property of the organization to the intranet. This publication is part of the "Cybersecurity Best Practices" collection, a compendium of practices, methodologies, and recommendations in cybersecurity oriented to organizations, developed by the Israel National Cyber Directorate (INCD), and adapted in this series by the Inter-American Development Bank (IDB), with the objective of facilitating access to this body of knowledge throughout the Latin American and Caribbean region.