Relevant bibliographies by topics / Knowledge modelling

Academic literature on the topic 'Knowledge modelling'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 2 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Knowledge modelling"

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Mougin, Jonathan, Jean-Francois Boujut, Franck Pourroy, and Grégory Poussier. "Modelling knowledge transfer: A knowledge dynamics perspective." Concurrent Engineering 23, no. 4 (July 10, 2015): 308–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1063293x15592185.

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Nwana, Hyacinth S., Trevor J. M. Bench-Capon, Ray C. Paton, and Michael J. R. Shave. "Domain-driven knowledge modelling for knowledge acquisition." Knowledge Acquisition 6, no. 3 (September 1994): 243–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/knac.1994.1013.

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Smedley, Jo. "Modelling personal knowledge management." OR Insight 22, no. 4 (October 26, 2009): 221–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/ori.2009.11.

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Skačkauskienė, Ilona, Eglė Kazlauskienė, and Aušra Katinienė. "Modelling Knowledge Synergy Evaluation." Montenegrin Journal of Economics 13, no. 1 (March 2017): 35–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.14254/1800-5845/2017.13-1.14.

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Skackauskiene, Ilona, Egle Kazlauskiene, and Aushra Katiniene. "Modelling Knowledge Synergy Evaluation." Montenegrin Journal of Economics 13, no. 1 (March 2017): 35–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.14254/1800-5845/2017.13-1.2.

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Kovács, László, and Sándor Radeleczki. "Uncertainty Management in Knowledge Modelling." Procedia Technology 19 (2015): 4–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.protcy.2015.02.002.

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Czejdo, Bogdan Denny. "Capturing dynamicity in knowledge modelling." International Journal of Knowledge and Learning 6, no. 2/3 (2010): 99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijkl.2010.034747.

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Krell, Moritz, and Dirk Krüger. "University students’ meta-modelling knowledge." Research in Science & Technological Education 35, no. 3 (January 20, 2017): 261–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02635143.2016.1274724.

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Chan, Christine W. "Knowledge acquisition by conceptual modelling." Applied Mathematics Letters 5, no. 3 (May 1992): 7–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0893-9659(92)90027-7.

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Stenning, K. "Modelling knowledge-based creative design." Knowledge-Based Systems 7, no. 4 (December 1994): 282. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0950-7051(94)90045-0.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Knowledge modelling"

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Overington, John Paul. "Knowledge-based protein modelling." Thesis, Birkbeck (University of London), 1991. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.715106.

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The automated protein modelling program COMPOSER is tested and improved. A test case of the model building of trypsin is described. Prior to the enhancements made to the program the RMSD of the automatically built model was 3.46A, after the improvements this figure is reduced to 1.58A. The program was applied to two ’real-life’ problems from the pharmaceutical industry. The first is the modelling of the serine proteinase domain of tissue-type plasminogen activator. Predictions are made as to residues likely to be important in binding specific endogenous inhibitors. The second example is the modelling of the proteinase from HIV-l on the basis of structures of the distantly related aspartic proteinases and later on the more similar structure of RSV proteinase. The model was later used in the molecular replacement derived solution of the x-ray structure of HIV -1 proteinase.
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Bakke, Elise. "Knowledge acquisition and modelling for knowledge-intensive CBR." Thesis, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Department of Computer and Information Science, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-9187.

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This thesis contains a study of state of the art knowledge acquisition modelling principles and methods for modelling general domain knowledge. This includes Newell's knowledge level, knowledge level modelling, Components of Expertise, CommonKADS and the Protégé meta tool. The thesis also includes a short introduction to the knowledge-intensive case-based reasoning system TrollCreek. Based on this background knowledge, one did analysis and comparison of different possible solutions. Then, after justifying the choices made, a knowledge acquisition method for TrollCreek was created. The method was illustrated through an example, evaluated and discussed.

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Motta, Enrico. "Reusable components for knowledge modelling." N.p, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/.

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Motta, Enrico. "Reusable components for knowledge modelling." Thesis, Open University, 1998. http://oro.open.ac.uk/57879/.

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In this work I illustrate an approach to the development of a library of problem solving components for knowledge modelling. This approach is based on an epistemological modelling framework, the Task/Method/Domain/Application (TMDA) model, and on a principled methodology, which provide an integrated view of both library construction and application development by reuse. The starting point of the proposed approach is given by a task ontology. This formalizes a conceptual viewpoint over a class of problems, thus providing a task-specific framework, which can be used to drive the construction of a task model through a process of model-based knowledge acquisition. The definitions in the task ontology provide the initial elements of a task-specific library of problem solving components. In order to move from problem specification to problem solving, a generic, i.e. taskindependent, model of problem solving as search is introduced, and instantiated in terms of the concepts in the relevant task ontology, say T. The result is a task-specific, but method-independent, problem solving model. This generic problem solving model provides the foundation from which alternative problem solving methods for a class of tasks can be defined. Specifically, the generic problem solving model provides i) a highly generic method ontology, say M; ii) a set of generic building blocks (generic tasks), which can be used to construct task-specific problem solving methods; and iii) an initial problem solving method, which can be characterized as the most generic problem solving method, which subscribes to M and is applicable to T. More specific problem solving methods can then be (re-)constructed from the generic problem solving model through a process of method/ontology specialization and method-to-task application. The resulting library of reusable components enjoys a clear theoretical basis and provides robust support for reuse. In the thesis I illustrate the approach in the area of parametric design.
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Kingston, John. "Multi-perspective modelling for knowledge management and knowledge engineering." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/24782.

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The purpose of this thesis is to show how an analytical framework originally intended for information systems architecture can be used to support both knowledge management and knowledge engineering. The framework suggests analysing information or knowledge from six perspectives (Who, What, How, When, Where and Why) at up to six levels of detail (ranging from “scoping” the problem to an implemented solution). The application of this framework to each of CommonKADS’ models is discussed, in the context of several practical applications of the CommonKADS methodology. Strengths and weaknesses in the models that are highlighted by the practical applications are analysed using the framework, with the overall goal of showing where CommonKADS is currently and where it could be usefully extended. The same framework is also applied to knowledge management; it is established that “knowledge management” is in fact a wide collection of different techniques, and the framework appears to be of some use in every case. A specific application of using the framework to resolve common problems in ontology development is presented. The thesis also includes research on mapping knowledge acquisition techniques to CommonKADS’ models (and to the framework); proposing some extensions to CommonKADS’ library of generic inference structures; and it concludes with a suggestion for a “pragmatic” KADS for use on small projects. The aim is to show that this framework both characterises the knowledge required for both knowledge management and knowledge engineering, and to provide a guide to good selection of knowledge management techniques. If the chosen technique should involve knowledge engineering, the wealth of practical advice on CommonKADS in this thesis should also be beneficial.
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Cunningham, James Alexander. "Modelling knowledge through user focused design in knowledge management applications." Thesis, University of Salford, 2009. http://usir.salford.ac.uk/26630/.

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Knowledge management, as an organisational management technique, aims to capture the knowledge of the members of an organisation and to distribute it among those members in a way which encourages new knowledge to emerge. Software, explicitly designed to aid these goals, is seen as a useful tool for knowledge management. The core focus in the design of such software is in creating structures which allow the knowledge being captured to be represented in the software. However this ability to represent knowledge, on its own, will only serve to make explicit what is already there and will not provide the ability to capture new knowledge in different forms to the knowledge already represented. This thesis examines the question of how best to resolve this apparent conflict through the construction of an argument that rethinks the role of the end user and their relationship to software design in knowledge management, along with the development of a knowledge management-specific software development methodology. Through an in-depth analysis of the 'eCognos' project, which aimed to provide knowledge management software for the construction domain, the notion that a key aspect of knowledge management software design must be the realisation that modelling specifically against a single domain will lead to the development of software artefacts which fundamentally constrain their goal of enabling knowledge management is explored.
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Dodd, Tony. "Prior knowledge for time series modelling." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2000. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/254110/.

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Schiele, Felix. "Knowledge transfer in business process modelling." Thesis, University of the West of Scotland, 2015. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.690908.

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Knowledge is an important resource, whose transfer is still not completely understood. The underlying belief of this thesis is that knowledge cannot be transferred directly from one person to another but must be converted for the transfer and therefore is subject to loss of knowledge and misunderstanding. This thesis proposes a new model for knowledge transfer and empirically evaluates this model. The model is based on the belief that knowledge must be encoded by the sender to transfer it to the receiver, who has to decode the message to obtain knowledge. To prepare for the model this thesis provides an overview about models for knowledge transfer and factors that influence knowledge transfer. The proposed theoretical model for knowledge transfer is implemented in a prototype to demonstrate its applicability. The model describes the influence of the four layers, namely code, syntactic, semantic, and pragmatic layers, on the encoding and decoding of the message. The precise description of the influencing factors and the overlapping knowledge from sender and receiver facilitate its implementation. The application area of the layered model for knowledge transfer was chosen to be business process modelling. Business processes incorporate an important knowledge resource of an organisation as they describe the procedures for the production of products and services. The implementation in a software prototype allows a precise description of the process by adding semantic to the simple business process modelling language used. This thesis contributes to the body of knowledge by providing a new model for knowledge transfer, which shows the process of knowledge transfer in greater detail and highlights influencing factors. The implementation in the area of business process modelling reveals the support provided by the model. An expert evaluation indicates that the implementation of the proposed model supports knowledge transfer in business process modelling. The results of the qualitative evaluation are supported by the findings of a qualitative evaluation, performed as a quasi-experiment with a pre-test/post-test design and two experimental groups and one control group. Mann-Whitney U tests indicated that the group that used the tool that implemented the layered model performed significantly better in terms of completeness (the degree of completeness achieved in the transfer) in comparison with the group that used a standard BPM tool (Z = 3.057, p = 0.002, r = 0.59) and the control group that used pen and paper (Z = 3.859, p < 0.001, r = 0.72). The experiment indicates that the implementation of the layered model supports the creation of a business process and facilitates a more precise representation.
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Rehman, S. "Knowledge-based cost modelling for innovative design." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1826/3971.

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The contribution to new knowledge from this research is a novel method for modelling production costs throughout the design phase of a product's lifecycle, from conceptual to detail design. The provision of cost data throughout the design phase allows management to make more accurate bid estimates and encourages designers to design to cost, leading to a reduction in the amount of design rework and product's time to market. The cost modelling strategy adopted incorporates the use of knowledge-based and case-based approaches. Cost estimation is automated by linking design knowledge, required for predicting design features from incomplete design descriptions, to production knowledge. The link between the different paradigms is achieved through the blackboard framework of problem solving which incorporates both case-baseda nd rule-based reasoning. The method described is aimed at innovative design activities in which original designs are produced which are similar to some extent to past design solutions. The method is validated through a prototyping approach. Tests conducted on the prototype confirm that the designed method models costs sufficiently accurately within the range of its own knowledge base. It can therefore be inferred that the designed cost modelling methodology sets out a feasible approach to cost estimation throughout the design phase.
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Tung, D.-K. "A knowledge-based three-dimensional modelling system." Thesis, Swansea University, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.639269.

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As manufacturers strive towards high-quality production, automated industrial inspection is a potent resource in the design of cost-effective systems which can ensure that products meet all their design specifications. However, in reality, only in well-controlled applications are economically usable systems being taken into daily use. Where such systems are being used, they are seen to be primarily addressing 2-dimensional inspection problems. This is not surprising, given the highly complex problems which must be dealt with in practical, real-world environments. However, there is an urgent need to move towards acceptable machine-vision systems which not only can operate in industrial environments, but also offer the benefits of 3-dimensional visual representation - so vital in any real inspection situation. A fundamental aspect of any inspection system is the development of inspection models - to be used in subsequent inspection procedures. The generation of these models is a non-trivial task, and one which is increasingly being seen to be best done using operator assistance - as shown, for example, in the work of Chen [34]. However, most current work in such model generation has been tackled in the 2-D arena. This thesis addresses the problem of providing high-quality, visually meaningful, representations of 3-dimensional bodies, drawing information from 2 simple, but industrially-rugged, 2-dimensional images, and using operator assistance to determine the final models. When combined, the resulting 3-dimensional representation provides a valuable reference to an object's total physical structure. The models themselves allow for accurate inspection of the objects' physical parameters.
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Books on the topic "Knowledge modelling"

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Daller, Helmut, James Milton, and Jeanine Treffers-Daller, eds. Modelling and Assessing Vocabulary Knowledge. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511667268.

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2010), European-Japanese Conference on Information Modelling and Knowledge Bases (20th. Information modelling and knowledge bases XXII. Amsterdam: Ios Press, 2011.

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Hannu, Jaakkola, Kiyoki Yasushi, and Tokuda Takahiro, eds. Information modelling and knowledge bases XIX. Amsterdam: IOS Press, 2008.

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European-Japanese Conference on Information Modelling and Knowledge Bases (18th 2008). Information modelling and knowledge bases XX. Amsterdam: IOS Press, 2009.

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Valente, A. Legal knowledge engineering: A modelling approach. Amsterdam: IOS, 1995.

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Seki, Hirosato, Canh Hao Nguyen, Van-Nam Huynh, and Masahiro Inuiguchi, eds. Integrated Uncertainty in Knowledge Modelling and Decision Making. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-14815-7.

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Qin, Zengchang, and Van-Nam Huynh, eds. Integrated Uncertainty in Knowledge Modelling and Decision Making. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-39515-4.

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Huynh, Van-Nam, Masahiro Inuiguchi, and Thierry Demoeux, eds. Integrated Uncertainty in Knowledge Modelling and Decision Making. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-25135-6.

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Tang, Yongchuan, Van-Nam Huynh, and Jonathan Lawry, eds. Integrated Uncertainty in Knowledge Modelling and Decision Making. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-24918-1.

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Huynh, Van-Nam, Masahiro Inuiguchi, Dang Hung Tran, and Thierry Denoeux, eds. Integrated Uncertainty in Knowledge Modelling and Decision Making. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-75429-1.

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Book chapters on the topic "Knowledge modelling"

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Cellucci, Carlo. "Modelling Scientific Knowledge." In European Studies in Philosophy of Science, 173–86. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-53237-0_13.

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van Schaik, Paul. "Modelling Procedural Knowledge." In Cognitive Modelling and Interactive Environments in Language Learning, 113–19. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-77575-8_14.

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Kleinhans, Andreas M. "Knowledge-Based Modelling." In Computer-Based Management of Complex Systems, 527–34. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-74946-9_57.

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Geldenhuys, Aletta E., Hendrik O. van Rooyen, and Franz Stetter. "Modelling New Knowledge." In The Kluwer International Series in Engineering and Computer Science, 119–43. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-4054-0_8.

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Debenham, John. "Modelling Knowledge Systems." In Database and Expert Systems Applications, 488–93. Vienna: Springer Vienna, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-7557-6_83.

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Elsenbroich, Corinna, and Nigel Gilbert. "Social Construction of Knowledge." In Modelling Norms, 163–71. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-7052-2_12.

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Breuker, Joost. "Modelling artificial legal reasoning." In Knowledge Acquisition for Knowledge-Based Systems, 66–78. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-57253-8_48.

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Rufino, Iana A. A., Carlos de Oliveira Galvão, and Vajapeyam Srinivasan. "Spatial modelling of knowledge." In Climate Change-Sensitive Water Resources Management, 101–15. First edition. | Boca Raton : CRC Press, [2021] | Series: IAHR monographs series: CRC Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429289873-8.

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Derballa, Volker, and Antonia Albani. "Self Modelling Knowledge Networks." In On the Move to Meaningful Internet Systems 2005: OTM 2005 Workshops, 592–601. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/11575863_78.

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Bella, Giampaolo. "Modelling Agents’ Knowledge Inductively." In Security Protocols, 85–90. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/10720107_12.

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Conference papers on the topic "Knowledge modelling"

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Lin, C. W., D. R. Liu, and H. F. Chen. "Modeling Knowledge-Flow View for Knowledge Support in Teamwork." In Modelling and Simulation. Calgary,AB,Canada: ACTAPRESS, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.2316/p.2010.696-102.

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Kantorovitch, Julia, Aggeliki Giakoumaki, Antonis Korakis, Homer Papadopoulos, Georgios Milis, Panayiotis Kolios, and Toni Staykova. "Knowledge modelling framework." In 2015 2nd International Conference on Information and Communication Technologies for Disaster Management (ICT-DM). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ict-dm.2015.7402037.

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"Modelling How Students Organize Knowledge." In International Conference on Knowledge Engineering and Ontology Development. SciTePress - Science and and Technology Publications, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0004105201430148.

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"MODELLING KNOWLEDGE FOR DYNAMIC SERVICE DEPLOYMENT - Autonomic Networks Modelling." In 3rd International Conference on Software and Data Technologies. SciTePress - Science and and Technology Publications, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0001885601540159.

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Pechsiri, Chaveevan, and Sumran Painual. "Herbal Medicinal-Property Knowledge Extraction from Text for Knowledge Base Construction." In Artificial Intelligence and Applications / Modelling, Identification, and Control. Calgary,AB,Canada: ACTAPRESS, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.2316/p.2011.717-023.

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Mastella, Laura, Michel Perrin, Mara Abel, Jean-Francois Rainaud, and Walid Touari. "Knowledge Management for Shared Earth Modelling." In EUROPEC/EAGE Conference and Exhibition. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/107152-ms.

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Marshall, J., M. Kosters, and V. Hitchings. "Reservoir Modelling Analogues and Knowledge Management." In 63rd EAGE Conference & Exhibition. European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609-pdb.15.l-21.

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Baskar, A., R. Ramanujam, and S. P. Suresh. "Knowledge-based modelling of voting protocols." In the 11th conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1324249.1324261.

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"Modelling Services for Business Knowledge Capture." In Special Session on Model-Driven Enterprise Services and Applications for a Sustainable Interoperability: New Paradigms for Development in the Future Enterprise. SCITEPRESS - Science and and Technology Publications, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0005408906260633.

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Klose, Gudrun, and Thomas Pirlein. "Modelling knowledge for a natural language." In the fifth conference. Morristown, NJ, USA: Association for Computational Linguistics, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.3115/977180.977222.

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Reports on the topic "Knowledge modelling"

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Evans, A. G. A Knowledge Highway for Integrated Modelling from Manufacturing to Design. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, November 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada288872.

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Logan, C., H. A. J. Russell, D. R. Sharpe, and F. M. Kenny. The role of GIS and expert knowledge in 3-D modelling, Oak Ridges Moraine, southern Ontario. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/214575.

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Sayyar-Rodsari, Bijan, Carl Schweiger, and Eric Hartman. Development of PUNDA (Parametric Universal Nonlinear Dynamics Approximator) Models for Self-Validating Knowledge-Guided Modelling of Nonlinear Processes in Particle Accelerators \& Industry. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/917186.

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Harja, Degi, Endri Martini, Andi Munawir, and Sumarni Lalisa. Agroforestry and Forestry in Sulawesi series: Modelling tree production based on farmers’ knowledge: case for kapok (Ceiba pentandra) and candlenut (Aleurites mollucana) under various agroforestry scenarios. World Agroforestry Centre, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5716/wp17361.pdf.

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Aalto, Juha, and Ari Venäläinen, eds. Climate change and forest management affect forest fire risk in Fennoscandia. Finnish Meteorological Institute, June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.35614/isbn.9789523361355.

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Forest and wildland fires are a natural part of ecosystems worldwide, but large fires in particular can cause societal, economic and ecological disruption. Fires are an important source of greenhouse gases and black carbon that can further amplify and accelerate climate change. In recent years, large forest fires in Sweden demonstrate that the issue should also be considered in other parts of Fennoscandia. This final report of the project “Forest fires in Fennoscandia under changing climate and forest cover (IBA ForestFires)” funded by the Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland, synthesises current knowledge of the occurrence, monitoring, modelling and suppression of forest fires in Fennoscandia. The report also focuses on elaborating the role of forest fires as a source of black carbon (BC) emissions over the Arctic and discussing the importance of international collaboration in tackling forest fires. The report explains the factors regulating fire ignition, spread and intensity in Fennoscandian conditions. It highlights that the climate in Fennoscandia is characterised by large inter-annual variability, which is reflected in forest fire risk. Here, the majority of forest fires are caused by human activities such as careless handling of fire and ignitions related to forest harvesting. In addition to weather and climate, fuel characteristics in forests influence fire ignition, intensity and spread. In the report, long-term fire statistics are presented for Finland, Sweden and the Republic of Karelia. The statistics indicate that the amount of annually burnt forest has decreased in Fennoscandia. However, with the exception of recent large fires in Sweden, during the past 25 years the annually burnt area and number of fires have been fairly stable, which is mainly due to effective fire mitigation. Land surface models were used to investigate how climate change and forest management can influence forest fires in the future. The simulations were conducted using different regional climate models and greenhouse gas emission scenarios. Simulations, extending to 2100, indicate that forest fire risk is likely to increase over the coming decades. The report also highlights that globally, forest fires are a significant source of BC in the Arctic, having adverse health effects and further amplifying climate warming. However, simulations made using an atmospheric dispersion model indicate that the impact of forest fires in Fennoscandia on the environment and air quality is relatively minor and highly seasonal. Efficient forest fire mitigation requires the development of forest fire detection tools including satellites and drones, high spatial resolution modelling of fire risk and fire spreading that account for detailed terrain and weather information. Moreover, increasing the general preparedness and operational efficiency of firefighting is highly important. Forest fires are a large challenge requiring multidisciplinary research and close cooperation between the various administrative operators, e.g. rescue services, weather services, forest organisations and forest owners is required at both the national and international level.
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Brophy, Kenny, and Alison Sheridan, eds. Neolithic Scotland: ScARF Panel Report. Society of Antiquaries of Scotland, June 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.9750/scarf.06.2012.196.

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The main recommendations of the Panel report can be summarised as follows: The Overall Picture: more needs to be understood about the process of acculturation of indigenous communities; about the Atlantic, Breton strand of Neolithisation; about the ‘how and why’ of the spread of Grooved Ware use and its associated practices and traditions; and about reactions to Continental Beaker novelties which appeared from the 25th century. The Detailed Picture: Our understanding of developments in different parts of Scotland is very uneven, with Shetland and the north-west mainland being in particular need of targeted research. Also, here and elsewhere in Scotland, the chronology of developments needs to be clarified, especially as regards developments in the Hebrides. Lifeways and Lifestyles: Research needs to be directed towards filling the substantial gaps in our understanding of: i) subsistence strategies; ii) landscape use (including issues of population size and distribution); iii) environmental change and its consequences – and in particular issues of sea level rise, peat formation and woodland regeneration; and iv) the nature and organisation of the places where people lived; and to track changes over time in all of these. Material Culture and Use of Resources: In addition to fine-tuning our characterisation of material culture and resource use (and its changes over the course of the Neolithic), we need to apply a wider range of analytical approaches in order to discover more about manufacture and use.Some basic questions still need to be addressed (e.g. the chronology of felsite use in Shetland; what kind of pottery was in use, c 3000–2500, in areas where Grooved Ware was not used, etc.) and are outlined in the relevant section of the document. Our knowledge of organic artefacts is very limited, so research in waterlogged contexts is desirable. Identity, Society, Belief Systems: Basic questions about the organisation of society need to be addressed: are we dealing with communities that started out as egalitarian, but (in some regions) became socially differentiated? Can we identify acculturated indigenous people? How much mobility, and what kind of mobility, was there at different times during the Neolithic? And our chronology of certain monument types and key sites (including the Ring of Brodgar, despite its recent excavation) requires to be clarified, especially since we now know that certain types of monument (including Clava cairns) were not built during the Neolithic. The way in which certain types of site (e.g. large palisaded enclosures) were used remains to be clarified. Research and methodological issues: There is still much ignorance of the results of past and current research, so more effective means of dissemination are required. Basic inventory information (e.g. the Scottish Human Remains Database) needs to be compiled, and Canmore and museum database information needs to be updated and expanded – and, where not already available online, placed online, preferably with a Scottish Neolithic e-hub that directs the enquirer to all the available sources of information. The Historic Scotland on-line radiocarbon date inventory needs to be resurrected and kept up to date. Under-used resources, including the rich aerial photography archive in the NMRS, need to have their potential fully exploited. Multi-disciplinary, collaborative research (and the application of GIS modelling to spatial data in order to process the results) is vital if we are to escape from the current ‘silo’ approach and address key research questions from a range of perspectives; and awareness of relevant research outside Scotland is essential if we are to avoid reinventing the wheel. Our perspective needs to encompass multi-scale approaches, so that ScARF Neolithic Panel Report iv developments within Scotland can be understood at a local, regional and wider level. Most importantly, the right questions need to be framed, and the right research strategies need to be developed, in order to extract the maximum amount of information about the Scottish Neolithic.
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