Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Knowledge based economy'
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Rawlings, Anna Kirsten. "Trade secrecy in a knowledge-based economy." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp05/MQ63089.pdf.
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Liu, Fang-Chun. "Value Creation in the Knowledge-Based Economy." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2013. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/216553.
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Business Administration/InterdisciplinaryPh.D.
Effective investment strategies help companies form dynamic core organizational capabilities allowing them to adapt and survive in today's rapidly changing knowledge-based economy. This dissertation investigates three valuation issues that challenge managers with respect to developing business-critical investment strategies that can have significant impacts on firm performance and growth in the competitive, information-orientated business environment. Using firm-level data collected from Taiwan, this dissertation examines specific valuation issues that are vital in shaping not only firm performance but also competitive advantages in current knowledge-based economy: (1) investments in information technology (IT), (2) human capital, and (3) corporate governance. To address these three major managerial challenges relating to firm investment strategies, this dissertation focuses on investigating the impact of three sources of business value creation, including IT investment, workforce education, and Chief Audit Executive (CAE) turnover. The results of investigating service infrastructure in the banking industry support the idea that in today's complex, fast moving multichannel business environment, evaluation of the strategic value of IT must consider both the direct impact of individual channels and the complementary relationships between IT-based channels and the traditional branch channel while constructing an effective business strategy to align IT use with firm strategic objectives. The interdependence between channels found in this study has a significant effect on firms' short term profitability and long term market competition capability, suggesting that the true value of IT will be fully realized only when coupled with complementary investments in organizational resources. Second, results of examining investments in workforce and research and development (R&D) activities in IT industries indicate that firms with more highly educated workforces have, on average, better performance. Investment in R&D for improving innovation capability is positively associated with firm performance. More importantly, higher levels of workforce education moderate the impact of R&D investment on firm performance, confirming the hypothesized interdependency between workforce education and firm innovation capabilities. In other words, firms benefit more from investment in R&D activities when they have a higher level of educated workforce. An important strategic implication from the DuPont Analysis is that the complementarity between workforce education and R&D capital reinforces a firm's differentiation strategy. Finally, the results of analyzing CAE turnover in Taiwan public companies show that CAE turnover is positively correlated with executive turnover (Chief Executive Officer [CEO] and Chief Financial Officer [CFO]) and financial restatements, which are commonly viewed as a signal of a troubled business or failure. The study also shows that CAE turnover has a negative impact on contemporaneous and future firm performance, suggesting that, to some extent, changing the head of the internal audit function conveys a negative signal to the market regarding a firm's performance. Given that the CAE monitors and assesses enterprise risk practices, the findings of this study suggest that CAE turnover could be used as an indicator of business volatility and potential business risk. The passage of the governance law which improves the quality of a firm's internal control system is found to reinforce the signaling role of CAE turnover and improve firm performance. The results of this dissertation provide important strategic insights regarding the factors managers should consider when making investment choices that are expected to align with a firm's long term development and performance. This dissertation complements literature in managerial accounting and information systems, particularly contributing to business value of IT investment, human capital, and internal audit research streams. It also addresses regulatory implications for policy makers such as regulating relevant disclosures of company information for interested parties and developing a regulatory environment that minimizes regulatory barriers which can suppress businesses and economy growth.
Temple University--Theses
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Lam, Man-wing Edwin. "The HKSAR knowledge-based economy promotion and inclusion /." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2006. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B36451927.
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Lam, Man-wing Edwin, and 林文榮. "The HKSAR knowledge-based economy: promotion and inclusion." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2006. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B36451927.
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Wu, Judy Qiong. "New Brunswick, growth prospects in a knowledge-based economy." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape7/PQDD_0020/MQ54659.pdf.
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au, d. turner@murdoch edu, and Donna Isabelle Turner. "The Malaysian State and the Regulation of Labour: From Colonial Economy to K-Economy." Murdoch University, 2007. http://wwwlib.murdoch.edu.au/adt/browse/view/adt-MU20070424.111203.
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This thesis explores the state-labour nexus emerging out of the processes through which governing authorities have attempted to maintain or regain political stability and rates of accumulation in Malay(a)sia. Existing studies usefully highlight the extent to which repressive industrial relations legislation and ethnic communalism have weakened the trade union movement and segmented the labour force delivering the relative industrial peace attractive to foreign investors. Some suggest labours discontent at this repression has been successfully contained by Malaysias relatively strong economic performance. These approaches, however, only partially acknowledge the extent to which labours social reproduction under capitalist relations generates political and economic contradictions.
After an initial failure to address these contradictions in the early post-colonial era, the Malay-dominated government has since developed avenues through which to deliver economic and cultural concessions in a selective and paternalistic fashion. This economic paternalism has contributed to social stability but has diverted funds from economic development and now runs contrary to structural reforms that seek to address Malaysias declining international competitiveness. The transition towards a knowledge-based economy, referred to locally as the k-economy, therefore embodies efforts by the political elite to contain political and societal tensions emerging out of the reform process. This thesis demonstrates and analyses the dynamic, contingent and uneven nature of these efforts as the government seeks to establish new bases of legitimacy more closely linked to household consumption concerns than ethnicity. Despite the relative absence of industrial disputation, labours location in Malaysias system of capitalism remains a contradictory one. Politically motivated social policies, although under pressure and likely to take new forms, will nonetheless remain pivotal in the attempt to resolve the tensions that threaten accumulation and political stability.
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Gustavsson, Linda. "Creating Advantage : on the complexity of industrial knowledge formation in the knowledge-based economy /." Doctoral thesis, Stockholm : Skolan för industriell teknik och management, Kungliga Tekniska högskolan, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-10635.
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Boffo, Marco. "Interrogating the knowledge-based economy : from knowledge as a public good to Italian post-workerism." Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 2013. http://eprints.soas.ac.uk/17843/.
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This thesis offers a critique of the reception of the Knowledge-Based Economy concept within both mainstream economics and contemporary Marxist debates. The first chapter analyses how this concept and attendant discussions have recently prompted mainstream economists to provide it with foundations within economic theory and advocate the development of an economics of knowledge. Given the fallacious understanding, within mainstream economics, of knowledge, the economy, and their interaction, the chapter demonstrates the flawed nature of the mainstream version of the Knowledge-Based Economy and the economics of knowledge as judged from the standpoint of any contribution holding different views on knowledge, the economy, and their interaction. The second chapter addresses the reinterpretation of the Knowledge-Based Economy as cognitive capitalism elaborated within Italian post-workerist autonomist Marxism. The latter theorises the preponderance of immaterial labour within contemporary capitalism, and has been recently recast in terms of Marxist economic analysis. Following the persistence of capitalism and the continuing relevance of Marxian analytical categories, the chapter demonstrates how the conceptualisation of contemporary capitalism as cognitive capitalism hinges on a misreading of Marxian value theory and its relation to the economy, and weakened links of the analysis with the politics of Marxism itself. The third chapter investigates issues related to the social ubiquity of networked computers, which is increasingly understood as driving new processes of class formation within capitalism and as instantiating new forms of exploitation considered, under the label of 'prosumption', as simultaneously more pervasive and less alienating. The chapter investigates these issues through the prism of recent work of Italian post-workerist Marxists critical of the cognitive capitalism debate. The chapter demonstrates the theoretical flaws inherent in both understanding technology as a vector of class formation and the concept of prosumption, while also deepening the critical understanding of Italian post-workerism elaborated in the second chapter.
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Marcozzi, Andrea <1979>. "Self-Organizing Mechanisms for Task Allocation in a Knowledge-Based Economy." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2009. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/1338/.
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A prevalent claim is that we are in knowledge economy. When we talk about knowledge economy, we generally mean the concept of “Knowledge-based economy” indicating the use of knowledge and technologies to produce economic benefits. Hence knowledge is both tool and raw material (people’s skill) for producing some kind of product or service. In this kind of environment economic organization is undergoing several changes. For example authority relations are less important, legal and ownership-based definitions of the boundaries of the firm are becoming irrelevant
and there are only few constraints on the set of coordination mechanisms. Hence what characterises a knowledge economy is the growing importance of human capital in productive processes (Foss, 2005) and the increasing knowledge intensity of jobs (Hodgson, 1999). Economic processes are also highly intertwined with
social processes: they are likely to be informal and reciprocal rather than formal and negotiated. Another important point is also the problem of the division of labor: as economic activity becomes mainly intellectual and requires the integration of specific and idiosyncratic skills, the task of dividing the job and assigning it to the most appropriate individuals becomes arduous, a “supervisory problem” (Hogdson, 1999) emerges and traditional hierarchical control may result increasingly ineffective. Not only specificity of know how makes it awkward to monitor the execution of tasks, more importantly, top-down integration of skills may be difficult because ‘the nominal supervisors will not know the best way of doing the job – or even the precise purpose of the specialist job itself – and the worker will know better’ (Hogdson,1999). We, therefore, expect that the organization of the economic activity of specialists should be, at least partially, self-organized.
The aim of this thesis is to bridge studies from computer science and in particular from Peer-to-Peer Networks (P2P) to organization theories. We think that the P2P paradigm well fits with organization problems related to all those situation in which a central authority is not possible. We believe that P2P Networks show a number of characteristics similar to firms working in a knowledge-based economy and hence that the methodology used for studying P2P Networks can be applied to organization studies.
Three are the main characteristics we think P2P have in common with firms involved in knowledge economy:
- Decentralization: in a pure P2P system every peer is an equal participant, there is no central authority governing the actions of the single peers;
- Cost of ownership: P2P computing implies shared ownership reducing the cost of owing the systems and the content, and the cost of maintaining them;
- Self-Organization: it refers to the process in a system leading to the emergence of global order within the system without the presence of another system dictating this order.
These characteristics are present also in the kind of firm that we try to address and that’ why we have shifted the techniques we adopted for studies in computer science (Marcozzi et al., 2005; Hales et al., 2007 [39]) to management science.
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Spitz, Alexandra. "Changing workplaces in the knowledge-based economy evidence from micro data /." [S.l. : s.n.], 2005. http://www.bsz-bw.de/cgi-bin/xvms.cgi?SWB11612009.
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Woon, Tien Wei. "Arts in a knowledge-based economy : activist strategies in Singapore's Renaissance." Thesis, Curtin University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/2609.
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The topic of this thesis is the response by the Singaporean arts community to sudden and dramatic changes in government planning policy, in particular, the Renaissance City Plan (RCP), introduced in 2000. This plan provided the vision to transform Singapore into a vibrant global city of the arts as part of a move towards a Knowledge-based Economy. Although providing increased funding for the arts in Singapore, the policy changes appeared to some aspects of the arts community to be purely economically driven. This thesis argues that community-led cultural development are important for building a vibrant art scene and cultural development should not be left entirely up to government cultural planners.To allow an understanding of the different motivations that drive government-led and community-led cultural initiatives, this thesis establishes an economic, political and social history of Singapore, and its relationship to the arts. This thesis adopts the term ‘artist/cultural activist’ to describe those artists who develop community-led art practices, undirected by government policy.Case studies are presented of the collectives The Artists Village and Post-Museum, as well as the work of artist Koh Nguang How. Further, the author uses his own art practice as a means to reflect on the process and experiences of those whose cultural activist motivations give a 'community-led cultural development' character to their practice. Both to archive this work, and to demonstrate collective, ephemeral art practice, the author has included a digital artwork titled ‘Server Foundation: Indexes’.The thesis adopts Bourriaud’s notion of 'everyday micro-utopias' to describe the practice of artists that uses social relations as both the form and content of their artworks (Bourriaud 1998, 27), and contextualises this practice in the context of Singapore's Renaissance, showing cultural activism as a form of art practice which is making significant contributions to art practice and history in Singapore. It finds that a non-government, cultural activist-initiated contribution is critical to achieve a healthy progression of Singapore's Renaissance.This thesis concludes with the proposition that practices and artistic strategies of the artist/cultural activist should not be seen simplistically as a 'position of resistance', but as providing a valuable, even critical, contribution towards Singapore's Renaissance.
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Kraemer-, Mbula E., and M. Muchie. "Neighbourhood System of Innovation: South Africa as a regional pole for economic development in Africa." Tshwane University of Technology, 2010. http://encore.tut.ac.za/iii/cpro/DigitalItemViewPage.external?sp=1001628.
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Introduction
The innovation systems literature has provided a useful framework to analyse the linkages of firms and other organisations with both domestic and foreign actors. Although the concept of innovation systems was originally developed at the national level (Freeman, 1982; Nelson & Winter, 1982; Lundvall, 1985; Nelson, 1988, etc), the literature has expanded rapidly over the years. Since its origins innovation systems have been defined at different levels. National, regional, local, sectoral and technological systems of innovation now constituted alternative units of analysis to better understand the processes of creation, diffusion and use of knowledge. These different views, rather than conflicting, tend to complement each other and depend on the attributed boundaries to the system subject of analysis. This paper proposes that the reciprocal interaction between regional economic poles within the developing regions can be studied by employing systems of innovation perspective. The application of the systems of innovation perspective serves as a window to explore the quality of interactions in economic, education, productive activities and institutions. The importance of the regional dimension in stimulating the innovation capability and competitiveness of firms and regions has been examined by many authors (Asheim et al., 2003: Cooke, 2003, Wolfe, 2003, Isaksen, 2002, Malmberg and Maskell, 2002). The regional dimension is acquiring more relevance as the interactions between actors within the region become more intense. In the context of Africa, for example, the emergence of South Africa as an economic outlier in the region has created new challenges both opportunities and dangers for the rest of Africa. This paper suggests that a systems‟ of innovation perspective might be useful to examine how South Africa, as a regional pole in Africa, interacts with the region by sharing knowledge, learning and capacity building.
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Bano, Shah. "The role of universities in transforming a developing economy into a knowledge-based economy : the case of Pakistan." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2012. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/343583/.
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The thesis examines the functions of universities in transforming a developing economy into a Knowledge Based Economy (KBE). Universities play a vital role in strengthening the KBE by providing the resource, ‘knowledge’. This study explores the challenges encountered by academic leadership in Pakistan, while striving to achieve a KBE. Although, the Higher Education Commission (HEC), has introduced a large number of reforms in universities of Pakistan since 2003 but these reforms are only a beginning of a process of engagement of universities in socioeconomic development. The newly established Commission was charged with the task to align higher education with the needs of the country, provide greater access to quality higher education, and develop the skills of faculty. Other steps towards reformation of the higher education sector of Pakistan included the introduction of quality assurance systems in universities, investment in their physical as well as knowledge infrastructure and developing a ranking system for universities in order to create a competitive environment among them. These measures taken by the HEC were fundamental for the development of a globally recognised higher education system. The current emphasis on the promotion of entrepreneurship is now leading to the establishment of technology parks and technology transfer offices on campuses so that universities can contribute directly to the process of socioeconomic development. The thesis elaborates the conditions, which facilitate or hamper the functions of universities in Pakistan. University–industry linkages in the United States (Silicon Valley) and United Kingdom (Oxford and Cambridge) have inspired many developing countries. In order to follow the same trends, universities in Pakistan are adopting the entrepreneurial role too. However, there is a gap in the literature regarding how the roles and functions of universities in developing economies differ from those of universities in a KBE. Therefore, the researcher aims to fill this gap in the literature by investigating the perceptions of academic leaders in Pakistan. This research employs a qualitative design and grounded theory research strategy. The sample size consists of fifty semi structured interviews with various stakeholders of higher education such as the leaders of the higher education regulatory body (Higher Education Commission), five high ranking universities of Pakistan and the Intellectual Property Organisation (IPO) in Pakistan. Data are analysed inductively, resulting in a new substantive theory, the Model of Symbiosis. The study reveals, there are external and internal factors which facilitate the formation of a KBE. The external factor which include, good governance, political stability, an effective policy framework and strengthening of the institutions (government, judicial institutions, educational and financial institutions) while internal factors include the development of physical infrastructure of universities and knowledge creation as well as dissemination activities taking place in universities. These factors help in the creation of positive mind-set towards ‘knowledge’. Moreover, a KBE is based on surplus knowledge and innovation capability of a country. The production and use of surplus knowledge require collaboration among different institutional actors. The State, the National Eco-system of Education and the corporate sector, have to work in a symbiotic relationship so that synergy for a welfare society is generated. This welfare society will thrive economically and also it will become a part of the global international community. The researcher advocates that universities can put the economy on a stable condition if they are ‘tasked’ and deployed on a mission to solve issues of the society such as enhancing agricultural productivity, resolving the issue of electricity shortage, provision of clean drinking water, infrastructure development, and the growth of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) to create employment opportunities. Hence, universities in developing countries can act as agents of change provided that their basic infrastructure (both knowledge infrastructure and physical infrastructure) is developed and it supports those universities in their roles. Secondly, along with the basic infrastructure, a regulatory framework and intellectual property regimes should also be in place to strengthen the economy in developing countries.
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Daniels, Vincent. "The knowledge-based economy and higher education : cases from the State of Florida." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2009. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/818/.
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The initial purpose of this thesis is to begin an exploration into the level of support given by colleges and universities to high-skills lifelong learning in the field of business and management, referred to as executive and professional education (EPE). To properly define level of support several additional undertakings were necessary, including: discovering methods of valuing knowledge to a region, state or country, establishing why participants in EPE programs enroll in them, and developing a set of indicators that would determine the level of support in the higher education system. As the scope of this study in the Unite States is too great, the state of Florida was chosen as a specific case. Florida has a substantial network of both private and public (state) universities and colleges. The thesis concludes with recommendations for advancing the support of EPE in the state of Florida As we move more strongly into the knowledge based economy, and as knowledge creation expands exponentially the need for a continued updating of knowledge and skills in the working community becomes evident. To support this inquiry a set of research questions were developed, as follows: 1 What are the components of relevant EPE? 2 What motivates participants to take part in EPE? 3 What is the level of support of the universities in the state of Florida for EPE? 4 Prepare recommendation based on the findings of the study for the state of Florida to improve support for EPE To address these questions three research methods were employed. Based on the previous experience of the researcher an exploratory case study was written exploring the intricacies of developing a successful EPE department. This exploratory case study served as a basis for developing a survey questionnaire, administered to participants in EPE to determine reasons for their participation. The case study, coupled with certain elements of the questionnaire led to the definition of a group of indicators with which to evaluate the level of support to EPE in a selected group of public and private universities in Florida. This final survey was conducted via the internet by website information of the various universities relative to EPE. Through this research, components of EPE were identified, motivations of participants were ascertained and the level of support by universities was evaluated. The research led to the conclusion that state support of EPE is woefully lacking. Recommendations were developed and included. While this thesis utilized a case, the state of Florida, the researcher believes that the findings and conclusions will be of value to practitioners involved in EPE, as well as to academics studying this area of business education. This research exercise has assisted the researcher in being more effective in managing and developing EPE within his own university. The researcher hopes that the outcome of this research will lead to a more organized approach to EPE in the state of Florida and beyond. As professions and skills are made obsolete in the knowledge economy the need for continued high level lifelong learning becomes increasing important to the sustainability and viability of local, regional, state and national economies.
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Wrona, Karolina. "Structural funds and the knowledge-based economy : a regional case-study (1999-2009)." Thesis, Aston University, 2014. http://publications.aston.ac.uk/21412/.
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The research presented in this thesis investigates the nature of the relationship between the development of the Knowledge-Based Economy (KBE) and Structural Funds (SF) in European regions. A particular focus is placed on the West Midlands (UK) and Silesia (Poland). The time-frame taken into account in this research is the years 1999 to 2009. This is methodologically addressed by firstly establishing a new way of calculating the General Index of the KBE for all of the EU regions; secondly, applying a number of statistical methods to measure the influence of the Funds on the changes in the regional KBE over time; and finally, by conducting a series of semi-structured stakeholder interviews in the two key case study regions: the West Midlands and Silesia. The three main findings of the thesis are: first, over the examined time-frame, the values of the KBE General Index increased in over 66% of the EU regions; furthermore, the number of the “new” EU regions in which the KBE increased over time is far higher than in the “old” EU. Second, any impact of Structural Funds on the regional KBE occurs only in the minority of the European regions and any form of functional dependency between the two can be observed only in 30% of the regions. Third, although the pattern of development of the regional KBE and the correlation coefficients differ in the cases of Silesia and the West Midlands, the analysis of variance carried out yields identical results for both regions. Furthermore, the qualitative analysis’ results show similarities in the approach towards the Structural Funds in the two key case-study regions.
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Walker, Paul Stephen. "The Firm in the Knowledge Economy: A Theory of the Human-Capital Based Enterprise." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Economics and Finance, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/5760.
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The focus of the thesis is on the firm in the “knowledge economy”. A significant issue for the firm is the increasing importance of human capital in the knowledge economy and thus we examine the theory of the human-capital based firm. In the first section of the Introduction three questions are asked, What is a knowledge economy? How can we measure such an economy? and Can we know if we are in a new economy?, but only the last of them can be answered and only positively for the U.S. After this a brief survey of the theory of the firm literature is given. Chapter 2 argues that the current mainstream approaches to firm do not deal well with the human-capital based firm. Chapter 3 looks in more detail at the two extensions of the Grossman Hart Moore approach to modelling the human-capital based firm. The discussion centres on Brynjolfsson (1994) and Rabin (1993). An error in one of Rabin’s proofs is noted. As these papers are the mainstay of the orthodoxy approach to the human-capital based firm we discuss them in detail as a spring-board to developing a more satisfactory model of the human-capital based firm in the following chapters. Chapter 4 turns to a discussion of the more recent “reference point” approach to the firm. Chapter 5 attempts to apply the reference point approach to the human-capital based firm. Two models are developed. The first suggests that heterogeneity of references matters in determining the outcome when choosing between the use of independent contractors and employees. When preferences are homogeneous, the first best and the optimal level of co-ordination can be achieved. Here the scope of the firm is clear. In some cases the activities of the firm are undertaken in-house while in others an independent contractor is utilised. Heterogeneity of preferences results in outcomes, which include deadweight losses, being determined by both the sign and the size of the change in the benefits to the agents. Both under and over levels of co-ordination can occur. The scope of the firm is inconclusive. This suggests that the organisation of a human capital based firm depends on the “types” of human capital in the firm. Having a homogeneous group of human capital involved in a firm may well lead to a different
organisational form than that found in a firm which involves a heterogeneous group of human capital. This issue is examined in the following section of the chapter. A model
is developed in which the optimal organisational form is determined by two conditions: 1) a “Make-or-Buy” constraint which picks an independent contractor contract or an employment contract depending on which contractual type results in the optimal of two widgets being chosen and 2) if an employment contract is chosen then the owner of the integrated firm is whoever has the highest “aggrievement level”, and thus will “shade” the most. Some of the conclusions give conditions under which more than one
of the possible organisational forms result in the efficient outcome. What the results of Chapter 5 suggest is that a human-capital only firm with heterogeneous human capital is likely to be unstable and thus a long lasting human-capital only firm will consist of homogeneous human capital. A firm which involves heterogeneous human capital will require some “glue”, in the form of non-human capital of some kind, to
remain viable. Given the importance of this glue to the firm ownership of the firm by the owner of the non-human capital is likely. Chapter 6 is the conclusion.
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Shilcof, Daniel. "Entrepreneurship in the knowledge based economy : a spatial analysis of Great Britain 2008-2010." Thesis, University of Plymouth, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/3768.
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Entrepreneurship is increasingly recognised as an important component of the contemporary knowledge based economy and crucial to the attainment of economic growth and development. However, entrepreneurial activity varies significantly across space within countries. This thesis makes an original contribution by examining the determinants of spatial variations in entrepreneurship across sub-regions of Great Britain from 2008-2010. Through utilising newly available data on firm births and applying exploratory spatial data analysis and spatial econometric techniques, two prominent theories of entrepreneurship are examined. First, the Knowledge Spillover Theory of Entrepreneurship posits that underutilised knowledge by incumbent firms creates entrepreneurial opportunities. The appropriation of these opportunities through entrepreneurial activity, in the form of a new firm, leads to dynamic knowledge spillovers, which generate economic growth. The empirical analysis presented in this thesis concludes that more knowledge intensive regions exhibit significantly higher firm birth rates; however the composition of the regional knowledge stock is critical, as a diverse knowledge stock generates more entrepreneurial opportunities. Second, several theories emphasise the importance of idiosyncratic knowledge and human capital, in the form of entrepreneurial ability, on the discovery and exploitation of entrepreneurial opportunities. The results of this thesis suggest that human capital is vital to the entrepreneurial process, and that university education is a greater source of entrepreneurial ability than labour market experience. Furthermore, the results also suggest that the regulatory burden of the public sector, financial constraints, regional unemployment, and the absence of a local entrepreneurial culture can significantly detract from regional entrepreneurial activity. In light of these results, there are several implications for policy which include: emphasising the importance of effective policy towards intellectual property rights, targeting entrepreneurial education initiatives towards university students and graduates, and reducing unnecessary public sector regulation that can act as a ‘barrier’ to entrepreneurship.
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Alakeel, Abdullah Abdulaziz A. "Drivers, enablers and barriers of developing commercialisation in an oil-dependent economy : the case of Saudi Arabia." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/25750.
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Faced with depleted oil stocks from 2035 onwards, the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia has a strategy of becoming a more knowledge-based economy by indigenously exploiting transferred technologies. However, despite significant investment in university-based technology transfer and incubation facilities, there is little progress in establishing high-growth advanced technology companies outside of the oil sector. The thesis explores the commercialisation of university knowledge in university-based incubators in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and contrasting with arrangements in the UK, to identify the cause of low spinout rates and what can be done. Beginning with a systematic review of literature on innovation and entrepreneurship as it applies to commercialisation, the thesis identifies gaps and areas of controversy in the literature. From previous research an initial conceptual framework is developed to guide data gathering, its presentation and analysis. Using a qualitative method a sample of twenty-four Saudi interviews and eight UK interviews is justified. Significant new data on Saudi incubator policy, processes and outcomes is presented alongside new data from the UK. This is then analysed from an in-case and cross-case perspective and then re-integrated with literature. A revised conceptual framework is presented and conclusions for theory and practice drawn. The thesis adds to the multidisciplinary bodies of knowledge for example by updating Gerschenkron’s (1966) theory of catch-up, challenging the validity of Etzkowitz’s (1983) triple helix theory, and arguing that North’s (1990) neo-institutional theory is ethnocentric. I argue that culture is a major influence on commercialisation in developing countries and consciously changing cultures necessary for Saudi Arabia’s transition from a rentier state. I find little empirical evidence in either the UK or Saudi Arabia for theories (Shane 2004) of academic entrepreneurship. I conclude that major reforms of Saudi universities and commercialisation processes are necessary if the strategy is to contribute significantly towards diversification of the economy.
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Enabulele, Elizabeth Abimbola. "Bursting the broadband bubble." Thesis, Brunel University, 2008. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/5368.
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Broadband has revolutionised the way the Internet is used and has become the critical enabling infrastructure of our modem and knowledge-based economy. Its widespread introduction has not only greatly enhanced the speed at which information online can be accessed, but also the range and sophistication of the content available. It is still penetrating the telecommunication market and is seen by some as the most significant evolutionary step since the emergence of the Internet. However in the rush to achieve market share, there is a risk that insufficient attention may be paid to quality issues, the central theme of this research. The research addresses the issues of broadband quality with a stated objective of assessing broadband quality by means of an integrated framework that encompasses factors beyond strict technical characteristics of broadband networks. Indeed, the concept of quality is a multi-facetted one, for which various perspectives can be distinguished. In this work, broadband quality as perceived by users, ISP and Government in the United Kingdom (UK) is looked at and a survey report is given and analysed. The aim of this doctoral research was to provide much needed empirical broadband quality framework that would guide the service provider as well as the UK government in the provision of quality broadband to its consumers. It will also stand as a benchmark to countries wanting to provide quality broadband to its citizens. A survey research approach was employed to achieve the overall aim and objective of this research. This was conducted using the response of 133 participants located in various boroughs in the UK. The results of the survey show that quality, though desired by many, has been short-changed by the desire to have access to the Internet via broadband at the lowest cost possible. However, this has not encouraged some consumers to switch to broadband from dial-up service despite continuous low prices being offered by service providers. Furthermore, the results also indicated that focusing on broadband quality will improve and promote investment in broadband capacity and decrease the uncertainty in consumer demand for applications such as multi-media content delivery, enhanced electronic commerce and telecommuting that exploit broadband access.
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Mhula, Alexandra Luis. "Science parks as mechanism to enhance the development of a knowledge-based economy in Mozambique." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/4642.
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Magister Economicae - MEconThe 21st century marked the beginning of an era in which countries became increasingly dependent on information and communication technology (ICT). Technological change has not only become one of the key contributors to economic growth, it is also regarded as an essential element to enhance the general welfare of society (Hu, 2006). Not surprisingly, even governments of developing countries undertake various activities aimed at internalising the positive external impact of technological innovation in order to enhance the development of knowledge-based economies. Examples are the provision of basic information services, such as telephone- and internet services as well as distance learning technologies to make education more generally accessible. Another instrument that recently gained worldwide interest is the development of science parks, also known as information technology (IT) parks, techno parks or cyber parks. The rationale is to promote technological change, regional and/or urban development and to facilitate the diffusion of knowledge and technology through the establishment of knowledge networks. In 2004 there were approximately 600 science parks in the world, 70 percent of which were situated in the United States of America, Europe and Asia, but there is a growing trend towards its establishment in developing countries. However, the financing of such mega-projects in developing countries is especially problematic. A science park can be provided as a pure public project or pure private or through public-private partnerships (PPPs). Pure public financing is usually found in countries that have strong public sectors, such as China and India. On the other hand, in countries with well-developed private sectors they are mostly privately financed. In the case of most developing countries, private sectors are generally not developed enough and the public sectors cannot afford to finance projects of such a nature on a sustainable basis. These countries have no other option but to investigate the possibility of some other variation of a public-private-partnership (PPP) model.The Mozambican government acknowledges the urgency to enhance the development of a knowledge based economy and regards the establishment of a science park as a necessary policy intervention to provide the institutional basis for the diffusion of technological and communication innovation. As a result the country launched its first science park, to be developed in different stages, in 2008. But the real challenge for Mozambique lies in the financing of the park. It was estimated that only the first phase will require about 25 million USD. These funds were secured from the Indian government in the form of a loan. However, the government of Mozambique relies to a large extent on foreign aid to balance the national budget and there are no surplus funds to secure the sustainability of a project of such magnitude. This study firstly explored the economic rationale behind the establishment of a knowledgebased economy and the development of ICT. It then focused on science parks as institutions to secure the diffusion of technological innovation in Mozambique and also on empirical evidence from countries that have benefited greatly from investment in science park projects. The study also investigated the possibility to use a PPP-type of project to finance the science park in Mozambique and pointed out very important determinants for the successful implementation of PPP-projects. The study showed that the government of Mozambique is serious in its efforts to develop a knowledge-based economy although many projects are still in their 'infant' stages. It is strongly recommended that policy makers in Mozambique should study the outcomes of empirical research on various science parks projects in other developing countries. The study shows that Brazil seems to be successful in its use of a PPP for the country's science parks. Policy makers should also pay careful attention to other PPP-projects in Mozambique. Although they are mostly used for infrastructural projects, some failed, while others seem to be functioning efficiently and important lessons can be derived.
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Patluang, Kritsada. "Information technology (IT) and economic developemtn in South Korea : A process of structural change into the knowledge-based economy." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.499874.
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Khapova, Svetlana Nikolaýevna. "Careers in the knowledge economy and the web-based career support new challenges and opportunities /." Enschede : University of Twente [Host], 2006. http://doc.utwente.nl/57123.
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Tholen, Gerbrand. "Graduate employability in the knowledge-based economy : a comparison between Great Britain and the Netherlands." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2010. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/55471/.
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This thesis presents a sociological inquiry into the social construction of graduate employability in the Netherlands and Great Britain. The study cross-nationally compares how final-year students approach the graduate labour market within their national institutional context influences their understanding. In this, it aims to close the dichotomy between structure and agency, which has often remained intact in previous investigations into graduate employment and employability. By adopting a dual methodology, consisting of a micro analysis and a context analysis, the study aims to investigate subjective accounts as well as the macro structural circumstances of the students. The micro analysis consists of analysis of sixty semi-structured interviews with students from both countries. The context analysis examines the organisation of higher education and the labour market through reviewing relevant documents and statistics. The study reveals that graduate employability is differently constructed by students in each country. We can therefore not assume homogeneity in the way students construct employability. In different contexts students create distinct ways of making sense of the competition for graduate jobs. The study also reveals that graduate employability is mediated through institutional national differences in labour market and higher education. The views of the students are inherently intertwined with how labour market and higher education are organised. Structural conditions inform an intersubjective framework that students use to make sense of the competition for jobs. It is argued that macro-national contexts shape the way students collectively mediate and co-create a shared framework in which their views become meaningful.
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Kahangwa, George Leonard. "The influence of knowledge-based economy imaginary on higher education policies and practices in Tanzania." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.601141.
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This dissertation reports on a study that critically examines the influence of Knowledge - Based Economy (KEE) discourses on Higher Education (HE) in Tanzania. Its main contribution is empirical evidence from a low-income country (LIC); that the construction of a KBE has shaped HE policies and practices in ways that align with global political and economic trends, rather than with Tanzania's social and economic development concerns. In the late 1990s, multilateral organisations and international institutions, such as the World Bank, challenged countries to use HE to construct a KBE in order to more competitively participate in the global market economy. The World Bank argued that countries should have an efficient innovation system and workforce, developed through HE, that equips them with the knowledge and skills for a modem economy. Existing literature has highlighted different approaches and contested ideas on how a KBE can be constructed, and the extent to which KBE can be of benefit to a country's development in the global economy. To date, however, little research has been undertaken on the ways in which the Bank's particular imaginary of a KBE shapes the nature, form and outcomes of HE policies and practices in low-income countries (LICs). The aim of the present study is to explore the influence of KBE discourses on HE policies and practices in Tanzania. The study focused mainly on the World Bank's model of KEE, but also reviewed the perspectives presented in other models. To achieve the aim, the study adopted a Critical Cultural Political Economy of Education (CCPEE) theoretical framework to examine the articulation of KBE discourses in the policies and their influence on practices of selected higher education institutions (HEIs). The study employed a multi-site case study design; the Ministry of Education and Vocational Training (MoEVT) headquarters and two universities - The University of Dar-es-Salaam (UDSM) and Sokoine University of Agriculture (SUA). This enabled the review of both national and institutional policies as well as practices in the respective universities. The participants of the study were education policymakers in Tanzania, University administrative officials, and Academics from the two universities. Three methods of data collection were employed, namely, documents review, indepth interviews, and group discussions (arranged as workshops). The data that were collected were analysed using Critical Discourse Analysis and Thematic Analysis. The main findings of the study are that the Bank's KBE imaginary has continued to link HE to foreign agendas and interests. HE policies have been influenced to largely serve the interests embedded in neo-liberalism which conflict with the wider social, politi,?al and economic interests of Tanzanians. Furthermore, KBE has transformed universities into business institutions. It has encouraged academics to act in a more commercial and competitive rather than collegial manner, and encouraged them to acquire business-like identities. In this way KBE has turned academics into subordinate agents of an exploitative economic system, workers for other institutions rather than their employers, and exhausted 'jacks of all trades', rather than disinterested specialised intellectuals. These can be traced back to the model of a KBE adopted in Tanzania. It is argued that LICs would be better served if they designed and implemented their own models of KBE that were more relevant for the countries' context. The study also sets out recommendations and areas for further research that it is hoped will assist the Tanzanian government and HEIs in Tanzania to begin to articulate an alternative vision of a KBE appropriate for Tanzanian development needs.
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Steele, Mellissa. "Leveraging independent workers in the knowledge-based gig economy through supportive Human Resource Management practices." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/79660.
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The gig economy represents a new work arrangement which is characterised by on-demand, increasingly digitally-enabled, short-term relationships with an organisation. Due to the seemingly detached nature of this work, perceptions of organisation support may be low, which may present a challenge to organisations in terms of obtaining the full business value from the gig workforce, particularly in the knowledge-based context. Organisations will be required to reconsider the manner in which they engage with talent in the gig economy, in order to leverage them effectively towards the achievement of business objectives. The aim of this research therefore was to determine the supportive Human Resource Management (HRM) practices to be implemented by organisations in order to better leverage the knowledge-based gig economy. Furthermore, the research sought to understand how these HRM practices are influenced by the complexity of the task, as well as the role of digital labour platforms in supporting in the provision of HRM practices, given their increasingly prominent role within the gig economy.
A qualitative, exploratory research methodology was used to gain insight into the specific HRM practices required for knowledge-based gig workers, which would lead to positive perceptions of organisational support. The study consisted of 16 semi-structured, in depth interviews with a range of independent workers within the knowledge-based gig economy. The supportive HRM practices were identified as engagement support, clear structures and processes, remuneration and rewards, autonomy and flexibility, fairly applied practices, learning and development, as well as performance feedback. To assist organisations in practically implementing these practices, specific actions were included relating to each. The study also provided insight on the preferred supportive HRM practices based on the complexity of the task, and recommendations on the role of digital labour platforms in the provision of HRM support to gig workers within an ecosystem with organisations.Mini Dissertation (MBA)--University of Pretoria, 2020.
pt2021
Gordon Institute of Business Science (GIBS)
MBA
Unrestricted
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Lenhari, Luciana Cristina. "Existe uma economia baseada no conhecimento? : uma analise do papel do conhecimento na economia." [s.n.], 2005. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/286655.
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Orientador: Ruy de Quadros CarvalhoDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Geociencias
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-04T04:04:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Lenhari_LucianaCristina_M.pdf: 730869 bytes, checksum: 5b28bc6c04146a4b8cb32f8b13100c68 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005
Resumo: Esta Dissertação de Mestrado discute o papel do conhecimento na economia, a partir da reflexão sobre o argumento amplamente difundido por instituições internacionais multilaterais, especialmente a Organização para a Cooperação e Desenvolvimento Econômico (OCDE) e o Banco Mundial, de que as economias industrializadas estariam caminhando na direção de uma Economia Baseada no Conhecimento (EBC), na qual o conhecimento teria papel de principal insumo produtivo na criação de valor. O objetivo deste trabalho é contribuir para o melhor entendimento desse debate, buscando discutir o conceito de EBC e seus possíveis significados. A preocupação em estudar e entender melhor o papel do conhecimento na economia, justifica-se pela atuação significativa que estas instituições têm na definição das agendas políticas dos países desenvolvidos e em desenvolvimento. O estímulo de estudar esse tema vem de uma certa vulgarização da idéia de que estaríamos numa Terceira Revolução Industrial na qual agora o conhecimento é um elemento essencial para o crescimento. Existe uma Economia Baseada no Conhecimento? Para interpretar essa pergunta e saber quais os possíveis significados do que seria uma EBC, buscar-se-á responder duas questões: 1) há algo novo na relação entre ciência, tecnologia, inovação e crescimento econômico que justifique a proposição de uma nova etapa histórica de desenvolvimento capitalista, uma EBC que se diferencie das fases anteriores do capitalismo? e 2) está em curso uma mudança na estrutura ocupacional e setorial das economias mais industrializadas, onde o peso do conhecimento em alguns setores ou ocupações justificariam a idéia de uma EBC? Para atender os objetivos da pesquisa, optou-se por privilegiar os trabalhos dos Neoschumpeterianos e Evolucionistas (N&E), pelo tratamento dado ao processo de geração e reprodução de conhecimento como insumo para a produção de valor, com foco no entendimento e na importância da Economia do Aprendizado (EA), e de Fritz Machlup, por ser o autor que se dedicou à entender o valor econômico do conhecimento e seu papel nas mudanças macro-estruturais da economia dos Estados Unidos, nos anos 1960/70. O que se pretende é trazer para o debate os elementos que esses autores nos fornecem para entender o papel do conhecimento na economia e, assim responder às questões colocadas. Com base nos estudos empreendidos nesta dissertação, conclui-se que em relação à questão 1, a resposta é não, pois nem as contribuições dos N&E e nem a de Machlup trazem qualquer argumento que corrobore essa questão, pelo contrário, com base nesses autores não há nada que evidencie alguma mudança em que o peso do conhecimento hoje seja mais importante do que foi no início do século passado. Em relação à questão 2, há indicações de que a resposta seja sim. A contribuição desses autores fornecem vários elementos interessantes para pensar essa questão. No caso dos N&E, pode-se mencionar a relação entre mudança técnica e crescimento, a importância da P&D e da concorrência oligopolista baseada em inovação, o tratamento da EA e a dimensão tácita do conhecimento. Em Machlup, pode-se destacar a construção das abordagens pela indústria e pela ocupação e sua preocupação com atividades essenciais na produção e distribuição de conhecimento. Para esses autores é clara a tendência de um aumento na demanda por trabalhadores mais qualificados e aptos a interagir em ambientes onde o conhecimento tem um importante papel na geração de riqueza
Abstract: This master dissertation aims to analyse the role of knowledge in the economy. There is widespread agreement, especially from international multilateral institutions as World Bank and OECD (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development) that the industrialised economies are following towards an Economy-based Knowledge (EBC) in that economic growth is driven by the accumulation of knowledge. But what exactly does this mean? In order to contribute to the understanding of this issue, the objective of this dissertation is to discuss the concept and means of Economy-based Knowledge based on theoretical framework revision. The main incentive of studying such theme comes from a certain vulgarisation and simplification of such debate. For instance the one in that we are in the Third Industrial Revolution and that the knowledge is becoming central for the economic growth. Then, the questions addressed on the study are: there is an Economy-based Knowledge? What it means? To analyse such discussion the dissertation will emphasise two main questions: Firstly, what is the novelty in the relationship among science, technology, innovation and economical growth that justify the proposition of a new historical era of capitalist development? The EBC is different from it was in the past? Secondly, there is a change in the features and structure of industrial employment and occupations from the developed economies whose major output is the knowledge that justifies the idea of an EBC? On this dissertation aim, the methodology adopted ¿ essentially a bibliographical revision ¿ focused on two main theoretical frameworks. First, It accomplishes a revision about the Evolutionary and Neo-Schumpeterian approaches (N&E) which emphasise both the knowledge generation and reproduction as an output to value creation and the importance of Learning Economy. Second, the Fritz Machlup approaches. Machlup tried to understand the economical value of the knowledge and its role in the macro-structural changes of United States economy during the in the 1960/70 years. Based on such framework and as regards owner One and Two research questions, we concluded that: neither N&E nor Machlup approaches demonstrate that the knowledge is more important today that is was in the past. There is no evidence about it. In relation to the second questions the answers can be YES. As N&E as Machlup N&E analysis emphasise such question. From the N&E perspective, some topics are detailed such as: the relationship between technical change and economic growth; the importance of the R&D and of the oligopolistic competition based on innovation; the Learning Economy approach and the tacit dimension of the knowledge. From the Machlup perspective, the industry and the occupations/skills are considered in his analysis; Machlup is mainly concern about the essential activities in the production and distribution of knowledge. In both N&E and Machlup approach there is an increasing tendency of more qualified employees with ability to continuously interact in organisations where the knowledge has one of the most important role in the wealth generation
Mestrado
Politica Cientifica e Tecnologica
Mestre em Política Científica e Tecnológica
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Leydesdorff, Loet. ""While a Storm is Raging on the Open Sea": Regional Development in a Knowledge-based Economy." Universal Publishers, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/105386.
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This is chapter 1 of the book (first 25 pages of a book with 392 pages). How can an economy based on something as volatile as knowledge be sustained? The urgency of improving our understanding of a knowledge-based economy provides the context and necessity of this study. In a previous study entitled A Sociological Theory of Communications: The Self-Organization of the Knowledge-based Society (2001) the author specified knowledge-based systems from a sociological perspective. In this book, he takes this theory one step further and demonstrates how the knowledge base of an economic system can be operationalized, both in terms of measurement and by providing simulation models.
Loet Leydesdorff (Ph.D. Sociology, M.A. Philosophy, and M.Sc. Biochemistry) reads Science and Technology Dynamics at the Amsterdam School of Communications Research (ASCoR), University of Amsterdam. He has published extensively in science and technology studies about the Triple Helix of university-industry-government relations, scientometrics, systems theory, social network analysis, and the sociology of innovation. He received the Derek de Solla Price Award for Scientometrics and Informetrics in 2003. In 2005, he held â The City of Lausanneâ Honor Chair at the School of Economics, Université de Lausanne, Switzerland. This interdisciplinary study provides both models of the knowledge base of an economy and instruments for its measurement, as applied to the German and Dutch economies in terms of regional and sectorial differences. The simulations introduce a set of algorithms for modeling various forms of anticipation in social networks. The knowledge base of an economy can be specified as a strongly anticipatory dynamic that operates at the supra-individual level.
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Arnesson, Viktor, and Ludwig Härneborn. "In the era of a knowledge-based economy : A case study of knowledge sharing and how it is affected by organizational culture." Thesis, Högskolan i Jönköping, Internationella Handelshögskolan, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-43869.
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Abstract Background: The concept of knowledge sharing has become increasingly important as organizations recognize the possible benefits of utilizing existing knowledge internally. Organizations tend to fall short of realizing the utmost potential benefits of knowledge sharing, this tend to occur because of a lack of understanding of how different issues affects knowledge sharing, where one of the more significant is organizational culture. Consequently, clarifying how elements of organizational culture affects knowledge sharing would not only provide insight why knowledge sharing fails or succeed, but also provide guidance for organizations to cope with organizational culture in their knowledge sharing process. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to examine the link between organizational culture and knowledge sharing activities in a knowledge intensive organization. Method: This thesis is of a qualitative nature carried out through a single case study. Data was gathered through in-depth, semi-structured interviews consisting of eight employees of three different positions from the studied organization. The data was further analyzed and interpreted through an inductive research approach. Conclusion: Great benefits could be reaped with well-functioning knowledge sharing, especially in a knowledge intensive organization. Empirical findings combined with previous literature indicates that at least five factors influence knowledge sharing, Communication, Autonomy, Homogeneity, Trust and Fear. To establish an organizational culture which facilitates knowledge sharing this paper suggest mentioned factors to be considered.
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Biberhofer, Petra. "The economization of education and the implications of the quasi-commodification of knowledge on higher education for sustainable development." WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, 2019. http://epub.wu.ac.at/6801/1/sre%2Ddisc%2D2019_01.pdf.
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This paper analyses an ongoing economization trend in the sphere of higher education (HE) and
discusses its implications on higher education for sustainable development (HESD). The sources of this
trend are connected with neoliberalism understood as a political project that seeks to extend
competitive market forces, consolidate a market-friendly constitution, and promote individual
freedom. In global HE neoliberalism, decision-makers, be it educational, scientific, or other, are
pressured to assess how their activities impact financially on the individual, organizational, and
institutional levels and/or the imperatives of an internationally competitive economy. The paper
provides a contemporary analysis of the rise of neoliberalism in HE, understood as the specific trend
of an academic capitalist knowledge/learning regime explained by Jessop's six analytic distinct and
potentially overlapping stages of economization. This analysis is based on a review of European policies
from 2006 until 2017 and explains characteristics of current economization strategies. Their core
principles relating to higher education are about improving economic performance based on
knowledge and innovation. Smart growth is defined politically as the main purpose of HE and
positioning students as future workers, with the right higher skills, as the means. The relevance of
students' skills higher education institutions (HEI) are urged to develop highly depend on business
demands. European policies are driven by a comprehensive entrepreneurial agenda restructuring the
organizational mechanisms in HE. Accountability towards the labour market and skills performance of
students set this agenda. Funding strategies rest on strong industry ties and diversification of revenue
streams depend on HEI capability to establish tech-driven knowledge alliances between research,
education and business. These new intermediary and powerful alliances drive economization
strategies, influence curriculum development and decide on relevant higher level skills. Respective
learning practices are oriented strongly towards developing entrepreneurial and digital skills based on
personalized learning environments. Currently HESD adapts towards a neoliberal education agenda
rather than preventing further shifts from a capitalist towards a competitive financialized economy. A
profound critique would have to question the dominant economization trends in higher education i.e.
the very purpose of education and the current raison d¿etre of HEI. The core of the critique might build
on new institutionalized learning environments allowing deep, social learning and, hence, the potential
of HEI to act as social catalysts empowering collective and disruptive agency.Series: SRE - Discussion Papers
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Backman, David, and Jonas Åkerfeldt. "Bridging the gap : finding the processes to adapt a repository-based knowledge management system to the knowledge intense sales organization at IBM Nordic." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-10194.
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For knowledge intense companies the knowledge and skills of its employees are much more valuable than any physical assets. To share knowledge between its employees, some companies launch knowledge sharing initiatives which aims to spread best practices and increase the expertise of the employees. These initiatives are often supported by technical systems, repositories, which store the information that is to be shared. This report discusses how the value of such a repository, a Wiki containing reference cases of SOA projects at IBM Nordic, can be increased by using processes that aims to better connect it to the organization.
To do this, seven employees at IBM Nordic were interviewed. Four of them were sales people, the main user group of the Wiki. Two were employees at the SOA Acceleration Team, the group responsible for the Wiki. The last interviewee works at Learning and Knowledge, IBM’s internal department for organization-wide knowledge management and education. The answers were analyzed using a framework created using academic theory. This framework consists of four different areas of requirements for the processes connecting the Wiki to the organization. The analysis showed that for IBM the most important area to manage is enablement followed by governance, motivation and finally content.
The report is concluded with recommendations for five processes to connect the Wiki to the organization. The process Internal selling aims to inform the sales people about the existence of the Wiki and how they are to use it. Ensure search engine compatibility makes sure that the sales people are able to find the contents of the Wiki via the intranet based search engines. The process for adding a new case description ensures that new case descriptions which are added to the Wiki is consistent and contains the right kind of information. By validating the case information that is added to the Wiki the acceleration team verifies that the information is correct, increasing its credibility. In the last process, ensure information congruence, the members of the acceleration team updates the guidelines on what information to collect and the information in the Wiki as the information need of the sales people changes. This is done on a regular basis and ensures that the information that is collected and stored is actually useful.
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Tan, Penny Peng Leng. "Music education in the knowledge-based economy of Singapore : designing a music curriculum framework for neighbourhood secondary schools." University of Western Australia. Graduate School of Educationd%695 Electronic theses, 2008. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2008.0240.
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Education in Singapore is seen as a key instrument to equip the next generation with resources to meet the needs of a Knowledge-Based Economy in a globalize world. The goal of this study is to develop a Music Education Curriculum Framework consistent with a Knowledge-Based Economy (KMCF) for Singapore neighborhood secondary schools. It provides the general context of music education in Singapore and conducts research to reveal the perspectives of key cross-sector stakeholders in music education, namely: The Ministry of Education (MOE) music and curriculum planning and development officers, National Institute of Education music academics, principals, general classroom music teachers and over 600 students. The curriculum framework will focus on the desirable qualities of Knowledge-Based Economy (KBE), particularly creativity, innovation, risk-taking, entrepreneurship and lifelong learning which have been strongly emphasized by the Singaporean government. In the light of their vision of thinking Schools, Learning Nation, the Ministry of Education is repositioning and reorienting the education system by implementing numerous initiatives and policies. The intention is to foster flexibility and diversity in a broad-based and holistic education, but the main focus to date has been on information technology, problem-solving and core subjects rather than on the creative aspects of the arts. By surveying students, this research aims to find out to what extent students find their music lessons satisfactory and whether their perspectives is compatible with those of other stakeholders. Students generally do not take music seriously, and the public perception is that a music career is limited to performing and teaching. The model curriculum framework will indicate further related careers, and the personal growth that comes through a genuine engagement with music. The Ministry of Education controls the school curriculum, structure of education, examinations, teacher qualifications and conditions of service. In 2005 it initiated a Teach Less, Learn More initiative which promoted student engagement. However, despite the rhetoric of classroom-based, teacher-owned and school-driven learning, it did not consult teachers or students and therefore failed as a vital learning organization which involved all participants in deciding future directions. For Senge (1994, p.13), a learning organization is a place where people are continually discovering how they create their reality. The curriculum design is an example of an example of an open system which this thesis addresses the issue of providing a structured programme flexible enough to adapt to contextual needs while providing the standards and outcomes needed in a competitive knowledge-based economy. This thesis makes its original contribution to knowledge by applying an open system model from organisational theory to a conventional music curriculum.
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De, Beer Christina Magdelena. "Leadership shifts required to be successful in the new economy." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/940.
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Thesis (MBA (Business Management))--University of Stellenbosch, 2009.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The mass production economy of the major part of the twentieth century has undergone a fundamental change to a global, knowledge-based and entrepreneurial-driven economy, where products and services are now fuelled by innovation, technology and knowledge. Over the last few decades, globalisation has transformed the commercial and political world, and globalisation itself is now entering a more complex phase. Centers of economic activities have shifted profoundly, not only globally, but also regionally. Along with this shift, new rules have been established. Faced with the challenges of the new economy, organisations are forced to adapt to the changes with which they are confronted as customers, markets, societies, employees, competition and technology are all impacted. The new economy requires a different type of leader. Achieving high performance in an increasingly interdependent world will become a challenge facing organisations in both developed and emerging economies. The degree of connectivity between economies, business and individuals worldwide is probably the most important element of the new economy. Highly improbable, but also highly consequential types of events will become more frequent as turbulence increases. Implausible events become possible. Leaders with the ability to anticipate the probability of such occurrences will be the ones who will reap benefits by applying the dynamics pertaining to the new economy. Interest in leadership and the theories thereof gained momentum during the twentieth century. Even though many leadership theories developed over the last decades, the core of these theories changed little. However, the new economy brings new challenges and leaders must also adapt to the changing environment. Without effective leaders companies cannot succeed. It is therefore imperative that leaders understand the qualities of the environment as well as the attributes they need to be successful. Leaders who have the foresight to take advantage of the opportunities which the new economy offers them and who have mastered the ability to react with agility to these opportunities will have the competitive advantage needed for the future.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die massa produksie ekonomie van die groter deel van die twintigste eeu het ‘n fundamentele verandering ondergaan na ‘n globale, kennis gebaseerde en entrepreneur gedrewe ekonomie, waar produkte en dienste nou deur innovasie, tegnologie en kennis aangevuur word. Globalisering het die kommersiële en politiese wêreld gedurende die laaste paar dekades getransformeer en globalisering is self besig om ’n meer komplekse fase binne te tree. Sentra van ekonomiese aktiwiteit het drasties geskuif, beide globaal en streeksgewys. Tesame met hierdie skuif het nuwe reëls ontstaan. Organisasies word gekonfronteer met die uitdagings van die nuwe ekonomie en is geforseer om aan te pas by die uitdagings wat voor hul lê, aangesien kliënte, markte, gemeenskappe, werknemers, kompetisie en tegnologie almal geïmpakteer word. Die nuwe ekonomie vereis ‘n nuwe tipe leier. Om hoë prestasie in ’n toenemend interafhanklike wêreld te bereik is ’n uitdaging wat organisasies in beide die ontwikkelde en ontwikkelende lande in die gesig staar. Die hoë vlak van skakeling tussen ekonomieë, besighede en individue wêreldwyd is waarskynlik die belangrikste element van die nuwe ekonomie. Soos wat turbulensie toeneem, sal hoogs onwaarskynlike, maar ook hoogs konsekwensiële tipes gebeurtenisse ook meer dikwels voorkom. Onverstaanbare gebeurtenisse het moontlik geword. Leiers met die vermoë om die waarskynlikheid van sulke gebeurtenisse te voorspel sal diegene wees wat die vrugte van die nuwe ekonomie sal pluk deur die regte dinamika toe te pas. Belangstelling in leierskap en leierskap teorieë het momentum bygekry gedurende die twintigste eeu. Alhoewel baie leierskap teorieë ontwikkel het gedurende die laaste paar dekades, het die kern daarvan weinig verander. Die leierskap model van die nuwe ekonomie verskil egter heelwat van die huidige. Maatskappye kan nie oorleef sonder effektiewe leiers nie. Om daardie rede is dit noodsaaklik dat leiers die eienskappe van die omgewing verstaan, sowel as die eienskappe wat hulle nodig het om suksesvol te wees. Leiers met die nodige insig om voordeel te trek uit die geleenthede wat die nuwe ekonomie aan hulle bied, en wie die vermoë bemeester het om met gereedheid te reageer op hierdie geleenthede, sal die kompeterende voordeel in die toekoms hê.
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Kimani, Lydiah Wanjiru L. W. "Knowledge-management in the public sector: Its role in facilitating the delivery of health infrastructure." University of the Western Cape, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/4070.
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Magister Economicae - MEconKnowledge is recognised as a crucial resource in the knowledge-based economy; and it is believed to drive sustainable success in organizations. Knowledge management (KM) helps organizations identify, create, organize, distribute and transfer vital knowledge among employees within and across organizations. The underlying premise is that good KM leads to efficiency and effectiveness, which in turn, influences the total performance in an organization. Therefore, this study investigates the role of KM practices as they relate to projects in a South African government organisation. The problem was dwelt with by establishing research questions and objectives. In order to answer the research questions, a literature search was conducted in the area of KM to establish the KM enablers, barriers, and processes known to facilitate or hinder successful KM in organizations. This led to the identification of five enablers, including organizational culture, structure, technology, strategy and leadership, as well as the resources believed to be fundamental in the success of KM practices. Barriers to KM were identified as individual, organizational and technological. The study established four KM processes: acquisition, conversion, application and protection that were found to concur with good KM practices. A conceptual model was developed around these areas. The model assisted in developing qualitative and quantitative questions. In order to investigate the proposed research questions, the study identified a single directorate within the department of public works that is directly involved with the delivery of health infrastructure. The methodology used, which was mainly qualitative research, was conducted by using multiple-data evidences, namely: semi-structured interviews, document review; these were sourced from primary and secondary sources, as well as similar organizational best practices in KM. A total of nine interviews were conducted with individuals in managerial positions. A total of 7 of the 30 e-mailed questionnaires were completed and the data were used to supplement the qualitative data. This study used the Content-Analysis Technique approach to analyse the text data obtained from the interviews. It was established that successful KM implementation requires the promotion of an enabling environment. The results from the findings revealed that organizational culture, structure, leadership and strategy, ICT, as well as KM resources form, a foundation for the KM environment. KM processes, such as knowledge-retention, creation, capture, transfer and iv sharing, were found to be fundamental for KM practices to occur. Barriers to effective KM occurred largely due to the lack of awareness and time. To capitalize on knowledge, an organization must be prepared to balance its KM enablers and processes. The existing challenges impeding KM success should be identified and dealt with, in order to realize the KM benefits. The study, therefore, proposes a KM conceptual model to be integrated with the decision-making framework, as an implementation strategy for KM in the public sector. This would ensure an embedded knowledge-intensive environment in the Department, and hence the improvement of infrastructural delivery. This study is limited, since only a single case was used, which plainly suggests that there is a possibility that the results cannot be generalized beyond the researched organisation – without conducting any further study. It is recommended that for future research, this study be replicated through several other directorates, or even departments at various government levels (e.g. national, provincial). Also, quantitative analysis, together with qualitative analysis, should be used to create a triangulation between the two approaches.
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Leon, Nick. "Complex city systems : how cities are using technological systems to transform and compete in a global knowledge based economy." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/11516.
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Shmidt, Mayya. "From Do It Yourself to Do It Together : Sociological analysis of knowledge sharing in Stockholm Makerspace." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Sociologiska institutionen, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-169914.
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The study examinesthe variety of interaction and motivation practices to participate in the sharing initiative as well as pinpointing key elements of member-driven organization functioning;in the case of Stockholm Makerspace– a community of non-professional makers. The Current scholarship on sharing is mostly focused on the large-scale platform businesses in a North American context, thus evidence from grassroots small-scale initiatives is lacking. This paper aims to fill this gap by providing the empirically grounded sociological study of the operation of sharing initiative in Sweden. Data including 1) 11 in-depth interviews conducted with active members of the community and experts, 2) ethnographic observation in situations of planned workshops and everyday life of the Makerspace, 3) systematic online observation (in the role of observer as participant) (Gold, 1958). Therefore, this study employs mixed ethnography and digital methodology – studying sharing economy communities both online and in situto provide a ‘thick’ description of community building. The results revealed that members of the Stockholm Makerspace, acted as prosumers, and attempted to benefit not only from the community understudy, but also contributed to the societal development at large, by creating a public good. Shared access to tools and common “know-how” democratized production of knowledge and its spreading, thus contributing to informal learning, which complemented formal education institutions. The main incentives of sharing, vocalized by participants in the study were open-ended socializing and community commitment, as well as self-expression and belonging.
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Alonso, Campos Carlos Fernando. "A theory and its model to formulate business unit strategies within the knowledge economy context: nine textile -catalonian cases." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/6776.
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Esta tesis debe entenderse dentro del contexto de la economía del conocimiento. En este sentido la misma refleja varios aspectos que contribuyen a la ventaja competitiva de la firma; éstos son:1) La misión y visión de las empresas investigadas. Aunque la mayor parte de las personas entrevistadas entienden dichos conceptos, éstos no se encuentran formalmente explicitados.
2) Ambas estrategias, la de operaciones e innovación, también son bien entendidas por las personas entrevistadas sin embargo, como el punto anterior, no están formalmente escritas pero en cambio si son brillantemente ejecutadas.
3) Las personas entrevistadas son totalmente capaces de identificar su ventaja competitiva y los activos intangibles más importantes que la convierten en sustentable.
4) Por lo anteriormente explicado, las personas entrevistadas están conscientes del siguiente hecho: sus activos más valiosos son sus empleados; sin el conocimiento de sus colaboradores la empresa se encuentra a la deriva.
5) Los puntos previamente enlistados enfatizan una idea fundamental: la confianza. Todos los entrevistados concuerdan que una parte importante del éxito en sus corporaciones es el capital social. Dicho activo se encuentra dentro, fuera o en ambas partes de la empresa. En otras palabras, el hombre por su naturaleza es un ser social el cual no puede vivir y prosperar sus cualidades por sí mismo, (ConcilioII, 1965) así pues, una vez que la confianza ha sido experimentada, los beneficios se materializan.
6) Debido a los puntos anteriores, las personas entrevistadas concluyeron que si utilizasen la teoría propuesta y su correspondiente modelo para formular estrategias, su proceso de formulación de estrategias mejoraría cualitativamente.
7) A pesar el punto anterior, las personas entrevistadas, conscientes del tamaño de su empresa, consideran que tanto el modelo como su teoría son demasiado grandes para ellos, sin embargo los constructos que componen dicha teoría y modelo tienen sentido.
This thesis is understood within the context of the knowledge economy. In this sense this study reflects several matters that contribute to the firms' competitive advantage; these are:
1) The mission and vision of the interviewed companies. Even though most people know what these issues are, they are not formally stated.
2) Both strategies, operations and innovation, are also well known to the interviewed people yet, as with the previous point, they are not formally stated but pretty well executed.
3) The interviewed people are able to identify its competitive advantage and the main intangible assets that support it.
4) Because of the above, these persons are aware that their most valuable asset is that of their employees; without the knowledge inside the heads of their collaborators the company is lost.
5) The previous point signals trust. All the interviewed people acknowledge that an important part of their firms' success is social capital. This asset is inside, outside or on both sides of the firm. Put differently, man because of it's own nature is a social being that cannot live and prosper its qualities by itself (Concilio II, 1965) so once trust is fully exercised, benefits arrive.
6) Because of the previous issues, the interviewed people believe that if they were utilising the proposed theory and its model to formulate strategies, their overall strategy formulation process will be enhanced.
7) Despite point #6 the interviewed persons also acknowledge that, because of their company's size, the theory and its model are too big for them, but the constructs that build this theory appear sensible.
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KHALID, IRFAN. "Role of Web 2.0 Technologies for Knowledge Building in Higher Education." Thesis, Linnaeus University, School of Computer Science, Physics and Mathematics, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-6307.
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The role of web 2.0 technologies has become windfall for knowledge building in higher education in the entire modern world. Web 2.0 technologies (Podcasts, Wikis, and Blogs) are being explored for collaboration, innovation, and creative purposes in digital literacy. The ICT based system (Learning Management System, Student Portal, Web mail) of Växjö University lacks web 2.0 technologies (Podcasts, Blogs, and Wikis) that are important for classroom learning for knowledge building. This research intends to investigate and describe the educational importance of web 2.0 (Podcasts, Wikis, and Blogs) as a possible source to facilitate class room learning in higher education in Sweden. In this regard, role of web 2.0 in its current usage in the teaching and learning have been identified and, thereby, possible measures for more improvements have been suggested in this research. Keeping in view the potential of web 2.0 as content development and management technologies and incorporating their role in formative evaluation of students, peer assessment, collaborative content creation, and individual as well as group reflection on learning experiences, the researcher conducted a survey by asking very simple and short questions as to how far has this potential been exploited in Sweden. Based on the findings and the empirical evidences thereof a model has been proposed for maximum utility of web 2.0 technologies.
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Al-Jaghoub, S. "Building a knowledge-based economy : using ICTs for development and the role of the national state: a case study of Jordan." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.516721.
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The knowledge-based economy, in which knowledge and ICTs play a key role in achieving development in all parts of the society, has become seen in recent years as a means to achieve development. The argument made by many development agencies, academics and international organisations is that ICTs can contribute directly to economic growth and / or development by providing access to knowledge, which is seen to consequently transform the country to a knowledge-based economy. This research critically examines the experience of a developing country - Jordan - seeking to use ICTs to become a knowledgebased economy and achieve development. It looks at the role of the state in such an initiative in a globalising world. This is done by focusing on the processes by which such initiatives are being implemented through the theoretical lens of the role of the state in a globalising world. In particular, the REACH initiative in Jordan, a private/public partnership to build an export-oriented software / IT services industry, is studied and analysed. REACH shows that the process of using ICTs to build a knowledge-based economy is a complex process, in which the role of the state is central. However, at least at this stage, not all parts of the state are involved. Some state actors are directly concerned with building partnerships with the private sector and dealing with the requirements of global actors such as MNCs and international organisations. It is found that in Jordan, state actors appear to be providing the conditions that may be necessary to achieve competitiveness for the ICT industry in global markets. This seems to' be causing the state to be redefined as a competition state, which seeks to promote economic activities that will make firms and sectors located within it to be competitive in international markets. This redefinition can be seen in a number of the characteristics of the competition state that the state in Jordan seems to reflect. REACH also shows the involvement of a number of external actors, such as USAID consultants, who seem to have significant influence in shaping the recommendations of REACH. However, the role of the state can be more crucial and goes beyond providing conditions for competitiveness and underpinning markets. The state in Jordan is trying to provide conditions needed to use ICTs for widespread socioeconomic development, an area in which markets will most likely fail. In this case the state is bringing in partners that include governments, NGOs and organisations to provide funding and expertise to build such initiatives. It is also found that actions to achieve competitiveness have their implications in different areas. A competition state has flexibility to deal with some of these issues by setting policies, albeit these policies seem to be circumscribed within the framework of neo-liberal policies, which underline the competition state. Implementing ICT -led development programmes in Jordan shows that this is a complex process that requires extensive effort, resources and planning. The end results of which are still unclear and this should be noted by other countries wishing to follow Jordan's example.
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Esmaeilpoorarabi, Niusha. "A methodological approach for establishing place quality in Australian innovation districts." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2019. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/132153/2/Niusha%20Esmaeilpoorarabi%20Thesis.pdf.
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This research study aims to develop an integrated perspective of place quality in the context of knowledge economy; since place quality is recognised as an effective tool for attracting talented workers and knowledge-intensive industries. The study adopts a multi-scalar investigation to explore place quality in different geographical scales and specialise it for the district scale. A mixed-method approach including both qualitative and quantitative techniques has been designed to conduct the project. This doctoral study develops robust frameworks to theoretically define and practically evaluate place quality in innovation districts. These frameworks deliver significant directions for planning and designing of innovation districts.
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Guerra, Achem Joaquin. "Clarifying Assessment Outcomes for a University-Based Technology Park." ScholarWorks, 2015. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/1893.
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A private, nonprofit university in Mexico invested millions of U.S. dollars in a strategic initiative to build and operate technology-knowledge transfer parks (TKTP) with the mission of supporting the development of Mexican society's entrepreneurial capabilities. The university, however, lacked an assessment policy for gauging the effectiveness of the TKTP initiative. The purpose of this study was to explore stakeholder values about TKTP effectiveness in order to inform future assessment of TKTPs. The triple helix conceptual framework of collaboration between universities, business and industry, and government informed the design of this study. The central question for this study sought to clarify what stakeholders perceive to make TKTPs effective. The study employed stratified random sampling and cross-sectional stakeholder survey data (N = 129). Data analysis included descriptive statistics to present common themes about TKTP stakeholder values, as well as ANOVA to discern significant differences in TKTP valuations between the stakeholder groups. A key finding was that stakeholder groups lack enough information to assess whether the university achieved its original objectives by using the TKTP initiative. Other findings revealed that the stakeholder groups agreed on several criteria for TKTP assessment. A policy recommendation for TKTP assessment, based on the research findings, is provided as part of the project component of this study. This project study supports positive social change by encouraging the region's transformation into a more entrepreneurial, innovative, and knowledge-based economy through continued but more accountable use of TKTPs in Mexico.
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Fetais, Saleh Mohsin A. R. "Assessing Qatar's readiness and potential for the development of a knowledge based economy : an empirical analysis of its policies, progress and perceptions." Thesis, Durham University, 2013. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/8459/.
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Post-industrial societies are distinguished by the development of knowledge and its use both as an economic commodity and as a means to create new technologies in order to attain and maintain a competitive edge. With the support of economic strength, effective institutions that include labour, product, and capital markets, and human capital, developed industrial nations have transformed their economies into knowledge-based economies (KBEs) through the allocation of funds for research and development (R&D), innovation, and technological development. The open nature of these economies with enhanced competition policies has also contributed to the development of a KBE in these particular countries. Qatar, as one of the oil-rich countries in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC), has been focusing on strategies to diversify its economy beyond its traditional emphasis on oil and gas. Although these sources of revenue have been instrumental in the unprecedented success of the Qatari economy, even to the extent of avoiding the notion of the ‘resource curse’, the sustainability of generating wealth via alternative methods remains a challenge for Qatar and other similar countries. Indeed, the development of a KBE is perceived as such an alternative for Qatar; for which the country has initiated a number of strategies among its economic, financial, education, and regulatory sectors. This study, thus, aims to explore the notion transforming Qatar into a KBE as a means to enhance economic diversity, thereby investigating the nature of, and developments in, the macro and micro business environments of the country and its economy. The policies of the Qatari government are also similarly explored, so as to identify Qatar’s readiness to become a KBE. Further, this study aims to gauge the perceptions of Qatari university students towards the idea of a KBE, detailing their awareness of the Qatari government’s policies for such an economy and their expectations for the future of Qatar. To fulfill the research aims and objectives of this project, a quantitative research method is predominantly employed to analyse the primary data. Initially, the World Bank’s specialist Knowledge Assessment Methodology, or KAM, will be used in relation to secondary data, so as to assess Qatar’s readiness for becoming a KBE in comparison to other potential economic competitors. Despite the demonstration of Qatar’s strength arising from its economic variables, the KAM results show that when compared to other countries, Qatar faces certain challenges, including in the areas of innovation and human resources. Although the recent institutional changes have been encouraging, additional policies should be developed to reiterate these efforts. Correspondingly, developments related to education and training should also be continued in order to support this transformation into a KBE. The research was further expanded to investigate the opinions of Qataris with regard to Qatar’s need for a KBE and its readiness for this transformation; an enquiry was similarly made into these individuals’ understanding of ‘knowledge’, the concept of a KBE, and into their own efforts towards this transition. To this end, a questionnaire survey was conducted in order to gather primary data from university students; the results indicate that their awareness and attempts to develop themselves are rather limited. Further, the results illustrate that this demographic group is not absolutely convinced by the positive impact of Qatarisation, even though most of the students questioned thought that Qatar should adopt a KBE. And yet these same students’ knowledge of Qatar’s policies for the creation of a KBE was limited. Qatar’s policies for diversifying its economy should ultimately be perceived as a step in the right direction; the transition to a KBE, however, still requires further strategic planning and the bold implementation of these strategies. The economic strength of the country is considered to be a foundation on which such an aforementioned future can be built, notwithstanding the obstacles posed by human resources at present, especially when given the lack of trust displayed for the policy of Qatarisation by the participants of the questionnaire. The shortcomings in institutionalisation in the economy should also be considered as an important obstacle.
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Nasato, Nadia. "Strategie individuali, strutture di interazione e produttività delle reti intra-organizzative: studio tramite modello ad agenti." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2011. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/2681/.
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Rosa, Newton Braga. "O papel das cidades na descentralização de políticas nacionais de ciência, tecnologia e inovação." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/150531.
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O estudo trata da descentralização de políticas públicas de Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação (CT&I) do governo federal para os municípios. As políticas públicas de CT&I são, cada vez mais, essenciais para o desenvolvimento economicamente viável e sustentável de uma nação. Assim, governos ao redor do mundo investem em empresas e sistemas de inovação como forma de manter a competitividade em uma economia cada vez mais global. Paradoxalmente, apesar da crescente relevância política, social e econômica das cidades no mundo, seu papel tem sido subestimado nas políticas nacionais de CT&I no Brasil. No plano teórico, o presente estudo apoia-se em duas vertentes temáticas: o desenvolvimento regional na economia do conhecimento e a descentralização federativa. Nesse contexto, o estudo interroga sobre como inserir o município nas políticas nacionais de CT&I. O estudo busca evidências empíricas nas relações intergovernamentais da descentralização e em dois estudos de caso, nas cidades brasileiras de Porto Alegre e São Leopoldo, ambas do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, escolhidas pelos bons resultados na promoção de sistemas empresariais de inovação. A pesquisa chegou a alguns resultados como: (a) a mobilização dos governos em torno de políticas públicas em CT&I continua sendo crucial para o desenvolvimento de empresas e sistemas empresariais de base tecnológica; (b) os municípios mostram capacidade de criar políticas públicas de CT&I, como marcos regulatórios, estruturas organizacionais, mecanismos de incentivo e sistemas de governança; (c) a descentralização via municípios pode melhorar a capilaridade e a eficácia de programas nacionais, fortalecendo sistemas regionais de inovação e complementando políticas federais de CT&I; (d) os municípios são entes federados plenos que têm poder político e econômico para influir e promover ajustes nas políticas públicas federais de CT&I.This thesis discusses decentralization of national public policies on Science, Technology and Innovation (ST&I) from the federal to the city government. Governments around the world have been supporting companies and innovation systems because of their relevance to economic viability and national sustainable development. However, despite the increasing political, social and economic relevance of cities worldwide, their role has been underestimated in national ST&I policies. In this context, this study considers how municipal decentralization of national ST&I policies enhances capillarity, efficiency and the strengthening of regional systems of innovation. The study offers empirical evidence of intergovernmental relationships of decentralization through the case studies of two Brazilian cities: Porto Alegre and São Leopoldo, which were selected because of their comparatively good results in promoting companies and systems of innovation in comparison to other Brazilian cities. The main conclusions of the study are: (a) federal government public policy promotion in ST&I remains crucial to the development of entrepreneurial technologically-based systems; (b) municipalities are capable of mobilizing resources, structuring incentive mechanisms, articulating actors, and organizing governance systems; (c) decentralization via municipalities can improve capillarity and effectiveness, strengthening regional innovation systems and consequently complementing national ST&I policies; (d) increased political and economic power of city governments can promote improvements in federal policies of ST&I.
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Herraiz, Faixó Ferran. "Evolving to Digital and Programmable Value Based Economy: General Prospect and Specific Applications over Sustainability." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/668220.
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In the fields of economics, business and management, how could Digital Transformation (DT) advance value creation and reliably encourage value capture, exchange and distribution? This thesis aim to fill that gap with a novel framework to support policy-makers, countries, cities and businesses address the potential value that can be generated and captured by digitalization combining DT and Internet of Value theoretical perspectives and practical applications of them over concrete issues such as sustainability in cities, as an example. For this, it is proposed to make new contributions related to DT and Internet of Value in two main aspects: to explore DT countries’ mindsets when it relates to their value progress through Digital Ecosystems and to advance with the potential digital value applications through Programmable Economy advantages when it focus on concrete aspect such as sustainability in cities. Both perspectives, although it will be applied on different dimensions and on different purposes, have in common that they are focus on digital and programable value based economy and management and want to explore the best way to maximize and capture the DT potential in terms of value for organizations and society. Thus, first, it will be analysed the importance of knowing clearly the digital ecosystem in which the agents are operating in order to reinforce the value creation by promoting the inclusivity and connectivity of the endpoints involved in it. Secondly, it will be analysed how the digital value can be captured, exchanged and redistributed in a complex issues such as sustainability by deploying concrete digital applications that include human reinforcement aspects to, finally, closing the circle combining both perspectives in a single framework.
To achieve these objectives in this thesis, own models are proposed, inspired by other theoretical models already contrasted, and some proven methodologies are used related to Conditional Probability, Forgotten Effects and Fuzzy Sets.
As a main conclusion, Digital Transformation has the potential to generate immense value for economy and society. Although currently the capture of the vast majority of it is not guaranteed and its distribution between agents is no clear, new formulas are being explored supported by the Internet of Value. This thesis defends that if agents want to advance value creation and encourage value capture, they should consider to make their own Digital and Programmable Value Based Economy and Management framework through:
- Allowing all functional agents work in a Digital Ecosystem embracing new relationships and ways of collaborating pursuing the same purpose.
- Deploying Programmable Economy applications advantages, mixing digital's and analogue's world that can be interlinked and programmed by the blockchain allowing monetization and exploring new human and machine alliances.
- Adopting strong and inclusive agents’ commitment in order to exploit the advantages that this smart economy system has from a human centric vision, discovering new forms of value, considering that, although tech can be everywhere, value not.
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Startseva, Ksenia, and Vaida Vysniauskaite. "'A Valuable Link': The Opportunities for Swedish SMEs by Incorporating Diasporas into the Process of Internationalization." Thesis, Jönköping University, JIBS, Business Administration, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-9628.
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With the conditions of new economy such tendencies as internationalization of firms, mi-gration of high skilled workers, growing importance of the knowledge and others become relevant. Having these contextual matters in mind, the authors of this thesis identify the beneficial aspects that are related to Diasporas' inclusion into the process of internationali-zation. In broad outline, this thesis is about the competitive advantage achieved by a firm which employs foreigners to work with the process of business expansion to foreigners' countries of origin. This competitive advantage is proved to manifest itself through the knowledge and competences embedded in those employed foreigners.
The purpose of this thesis is to answer 'in what ways can Swedish SMEs benefit from Di-asporas' inclusion into the process of internationalization?' and thus fill the theoretical gap in the existent studies. In order to address the purpose of the research, a theoretical model which merges the research field of internationalization and Diaspora studies, considered the conditions of new economy, was constructed. With the help of this model, the role of Diasporas in the process of internationalization has been explored and explained.
For the empirical study, the qualitative method was applied and semi-structured interviews were conducted in five different Swedish SMEs. The interview guide, which was based on the theoretical model and on the main research objectives, was used when conducting in-terviews with a number of management positions fulfilling participants, as well as Diaspora.
The results of an empirical study showed that Diasporas can be efficiently used for compa-ny's expansion strategies and significantly benefit due to several reasons. First of all, fo-reigners, or Diasporas, can be considered as holding relevant knowledge base in regards to their home countries, such as language, culture, personal contacts, etc. At the same time, while staying in Sweden, they get to familiarize with the Swedish culture, social structures, and business opportunities, and establish diversified contacts. With regards to international business expansion, this knowledge of two-fold nature is proved to be highly valuable.
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Іванова, Валентина Василівна. "Інформація як основа становлення та розвитку економіки, заснованої на знаннях." Thesis, КНТЕУ, 2008. http://dspace.uccu.org.ua/handle/123456789/315.
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Mihm-Herold, Wendy. "Considering human capital theory in assessment and training mapping the gap between current skills and the needs of a knowledge-based economy in northeast Iowa /." [Ames, Iowa : Iowa State University], 2010. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3403823.
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D'Arisbo, Anelise. "Sistemas de capitais como método de análise da economia criativa para o desenvolvimento baseado no conhecimento na cidade de Bento Gonçalves." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UCS, 2013. https://repositorio.ucs.br/handle/11338/156.
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As cidades que crescem com base no modelo industrial estão se tornando cada vez maiores, exigindo cada vez mais insumos e gerando maiores gastos e resíduos. A perspectiva de resultado para tal abordagem é o colapso ambiental, social e econômico, quando as cidades ultrapassarem os limites gerenciáveis para o seu crescimento. Na economia pós-industrial, em sociedades do conhecimento, este modelo de desenvolvimento das cidades não é mais funcional e um modelo de desenvolvimento que contemple as dimensões sociais, econômicas e ambientais é requerido. Nesse âmbito se insere a abordagem do desenvolvimento baseado no conhecimento (DBC). O DBC busca o desenvolvimento sustentável, por intermédio de processos sociais de conhecimentos que valorizem a endogeneidade, as potencialidades e recursos locais. É o caso da economia criativa (EC), que tem como base criatividade, conhecimento e cultura, matérias-primas intangíveis e renováveis. Na medida em que for possível implementar políticas de EC que permitam democratizar o processo de criar, armazenar, compartilhar e utilizar o conhecimento, a economia criativa poderia atuar como fator de desenvolvimento socioeconômico. Mas para isso, são necessárias informações confiáveis e estruturadas. Em documentos governamentais já é manifestada carência por um método que forneça dados necessários para análise e fomento da EC, adaptado às características locais. O DBC possui um método para avaliação e acompanhamento dos capitais de uma cidade: o sistema de capitais (SC). O SC apresenta uma taxonomia completa com indicadores também relacionados à EC. Assim, o objetivo da dissertação foi estudar as dimensões dos sistemas de capitais que podem estruturar a análise da economia criativa para o DBC. A coleta de dados deu-se através de estudo de caso único na cidade de Bento Gonçalves. A pesquisa utilizou abordagem de métodos mistos com estratégia de triangulação concomitante de Creswell e Clark (2011). Foi aplicada a metodologia do SC, e a análise foi orientada para economia criativa, tomando por base os princípios da SEC (2011), a teoria dos 3Ts de Florida (2005) e a setorização da EC no Brasil (2011). Foram encontradas relações entre os capitais do SC com todos esses elementos. Como resultado foi possível construir uma estrutura de análise que relaciona os capitais do SC com a EC na cidade estudada. Os resultados revelam também os ativos e passivos da EC na cidade, o que se configura num conjunto de subsídios que pode fomentar o DBC bem como políticas públicas que levem a alternativas de desenvolvimento coerentes com os anseios da sociedade.Submitted by Marcelo Teixeira (mvteixeira@ucs.br) on 2014-05-13T13:03:33Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Anelise D'Arisbo.pdf: 4032119 bytes, checksum: 7e78d485d8d9fbecefa0e02927ea0f2b (MD5)
Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-13T13:03:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Anelise D'Arisbo.pdf: 4032119 bytes, checksum: 7e78d485d8d9fbecefa0e02927ea0f2b (MD5)
Cities which grow based on the industrial model are becoming increasingly larger, demanding more inputs and generating higher spendings and waste. The result perspective expected for this approach is the environmental, economic and social collapse, when cities exceed the manageable limits to its growth. In the post-industrial economy, in knowledge societies, this development model to cities is no longer functional and a development model which addresses the social, economic and environmental issues is required. In this case fits the knowledge based development (KBD). The KBD seeks sustainable development through social knowledge processes that value endogeneity, potentialties and local resources. This is related to the creative economy (CE), which is based on creativity, knowledge and culture, renewable and intangible raw materials. Insofar as it is possible to implement policies that allow CE democratize the creating, storing, sharing and using knowledge processes, creative economy could act as a socio-economic development factor. For this, reliable and structured information is needed. In governmental documents lack of a method that provides data needed for CE analysis and development has already manifested, adapted to local conditions. The KBD has a method for assessing and monitoring the city capitals: the capital system (CS). The CS has a complete taxonomy with indicators which are also related to CE. Then, the dissertation aims to study the capital systems’ dimensions that can structure the creative economy analysis for the KBD. Data collection was carried out through a single case study in Bento Gonçalves city. The research used mixed methods approach with concurrent triangulation strategy from Creswell and Clark (2011). The CS methodology was aplyed, and the analysis was driven to creative economy, based on the SEC (2011) principles, Florida’s 3T’s theory (2005) and the Brazilian CE sectorization (2011). Relationships on CS with all these elements were found in the analysis. As a result it was possible to build a framework that relates the CS capitals with the CE on the studied city. Results also reveal the cities’ CE assets and liabilities which configure a set of subsidies that can foster the KBD as well as public policies which take to development alternatives consistent with the society expectations.
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Pawlowsky, Peter, Aylin Gözalan, and Simone Schmid. "Wettbewerbsfaktor Wissen: Managementpraxis von Wissen und Intellectual Capital in Deutschland - Eine repräsentative Unternehmensbefragung zum Status quo." Universitätsbibliothek Chemnitz, 2011. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:ch1-qucosa-75442.
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In einer wissensbasierten Wirtschaft basiert die Wettbewerbsfähigkeit zunehmend auf den intangiblen Unternehmensressourcen. Doch was für eine Relevanz räumen Führungspersonen in der deutschen Wirtschaft dem Wissens- und Intellectual Capital Management (WM/ICM) ein? Im Auftrag des Bundesministeriums für Wirtschaft und Technologie (BMWi) hat die Forschungsstelle für organisationale Kompetenz und Strategie an der Technischen Universität Chemnitz anhand einer repräsentativen Stichprobe von 3401 Unternehmen den Stand der Wissensmanagement-Aktivitäten in der deutschen Wirtschaft erfasst. Desweiteren ist die Studie folgenden Fragestellungen nachgegangen: - Was sind die möglichen Einflussfaktoren für den Einsatz von WM /ICM-Maßnahmen? - Was für eine Bedeutung hat das WM /ICM für den Unternehmenserfolg und die Wettbewerbsfähigkeit zu untersuchen. Ein wesentliches Studienergebnis ist, dass die Ressource Wissen zum zentralen Produktions-/Wettbewerbsfaktor in der deutschen Wirtschaft avanciert ist. Dabei werden WM/ICM-Aktivitäten weniger von Betriebsgrößen und Branchen als von Geschäftsstrategien und Kernkompetenzen bestimmt. Neben dem Studienergebnis, dass Wissensmanagement besonders in den Unternehmen stark ausgeprägt ist, wo eine starke kunden-, qualitäts-, und personalgetriebene Wettbewerbsstrategie im Vordergrund steht, wurden weitere Einflussgrößen eruiertIn a knowledge based economy competitiveness is primarily based on the intangibles of a firm. But what relevance is actually given to the Management of organizational knowledge and intellectual Capital (KM/ICM) in the German economy? The Institute of Personnel Management and Leadership studies at the Chemnitz University of Technology has conducted a company survey on KM/ICM with a representative sample size of 3401 firms in order to capture the status-quo of KM/ICM- activities within the German economy. Additionally, two other main research questions have been addressed: - What are the potential drivers for the implementation of KM/ ICM? - How do KM/ ICM activities relate to organizational performance? A crucial study result reveals knowledge as a crucial production – and competitive factor in the german economy. Here, the implementation of KM/ICM is rather determined by business strategies and core competencies than firm characteristics like industry sector or firm size. Besides the findings, that KM–activities especially prevail in those firms with a predominant customer, employee and innovation orientated strategy,further KM/ICM drivers have been evaluated
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sg, irislee12001@yahoo com, and Iris Chai Hong Lee. "The need for realignment of primary science assessment to contemporary needs : assessment of learning and assessment for learning." Murdoch University, 2007. http://wwwlib.murdoch.edu.au/adt/browse/view/adt-MU20070514.114117.
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The ultimate purpose of this study was to investigate how to best prepare Singapore
students for the Knowledge-based Economy (KBE). Investigating the possible need for
the realignment of the primary science assessment to the KBE was of utmost interest as
assessment was viewed as the driver of the actual curriculum.
This was a mixed methods design study (Creswell, 2005). Fifteen teachers were first
interviewed to ascertain the major features of primary school science assessment in both
Perth, Western Australia and Singapore. A list of twelve questions was prepared for the
eight teacher interviewees in Singapore and the seven teacher interviewees in Perth. The
NUD*IST program was used to help organise trends in these teacher responses.
Definitions of KBE skills were synthesised from literature reviews and validated by the
fifteen teachers for the subsequent survey. The survey involved a list of demographic
questions and two matrices. The first matrix required the teachers to rate, on a
four-point scale, the use of the eleven assessment modes for the twelve 'process' and
KBE skills. The second matrix was a frequency check to determine if the teachers had
used a particular mode to assess a particular skill. One hundred and forty-five usable
surveys were analysed. The Rasch analysis was performed through RUMM2020
program and unfolding model was sought through the program RateFOLD.
The interviews first established that KBE skills and a variety of assessment modes were
needed for today's classes. The survey confirmed these needs and found that the paper
and pencil test was the most frequently used assessment procedures in Singapore and Perth. In both interviews and the survey, teachers were requested to match the skill(s) to
the appropriate assessment mode(s) though the details and justification of such tasks
were explained by the teachers in the interviews. In the process, other factors such as
'time constraints' and 'ranking of the teachers' were uncovered as 'hindrances' to
teachers assessing the students appropriately for learning. The problems identified by
the Singapore teachers were a lack of time, overloaded syllabi and the crucial perceived
need of assessment of learning (high-stake summative tests).
The results of both the interviews and survey supported the need for a variety of
assessment modes (Gray & Sharp, 2001; Hackling, 2004; National Research Council,
1996, 2001 & 2003; Sebatane, 1998; Sterenberg, 1998) to help students learn science in
today's contemporary classes. The Singapore teachers in this study were also appealing
for help from the policy-makers to use a variety of assessment modes as the system that
stipulated the use of the paper and pencil testing was beyond their control and
jurisdiction.
Recommendations that stemmed from this study include allowing teachers to use a
variety of assessments to assess the students' learning in the high-stake Primary School
Leaving Examination (PSLE) and not just the paper and pencil mode that has been in
used for at least the last thirty years. There are important implications as the learning
theories that are currently used to support the assessment of learning are no longer
sufficient nor in total alignment with the needs for today's class. For example, a
behaviourist taxonomy of skills emphasises the measurable output and not the process of learning. Socio-constructivist approaches that focus on the individual constructing
meaning in hislher context such as the use of ongoing formative assessment to
encourage feedback (Black & Wiliam, 1998a & b) may assist in engaging the students
in lifelong learning which is required in the KBE.
Lastly, the significance of this study lies in two aspects, the practical and the scholarly.
This study provides the evidence for the need primary science assessment to be more
aligned to contemporary needs. This in turn will assist in better preparing the young of
Singapore, who are the nation's only natural resource, for the workforce. This study also
aims to contribute to the body of knowledge in three ways. Firstly, KBE needs will be
connected to the primary science classroom via assessment of skills. Secondly, both
KBE and process skills were found to be more appropriately assessed by assessment
modes such as portfolio and paper and pencil respectively, as demonstrated through the
analysis by Rasch and unfolding models. Thirdly, the gap between the implemented and
official curriculum will be narrowed with this proposed change in assessment processes.