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Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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1

Miller, Matthew M. "The Silly Knife." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1615996201210701.

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2

Thomas, Annu [Verfasser], Rüdiger Akademischer Betreuer] Kniep, and Stefan [Akademischer Betreuer] [Kaskel. "Biomimetic Growth and Morphology Control of Calcium Oxalates / Annu Thomas. Gutachter: Stefan Kaskel ; Rüdiger Kniep. Betreuer: Rüdiger Kniep." Dresden : Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2009. http://d-nb.info/1063280206/34.

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3

Andreatta, Anderson. "Bak4bio framework - Brasilian army knife for bioinformatics." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFPR, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1884/36582.

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Orientador : Prof. Dr. Alessandro Brawerman
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Educação Profissional e Tecnológica, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioinformática. Defesa: Curitiba, 09/05/2013
Inclui referências
Área de concetração: Bioinformática
Resumo:No desenvolvimento de software para a área de Bioinformática, pesquisadores consideram vários fatores para definir as tecnologias e metodologias utilizadas em um determinado projeto, não sendo raro encontrar soluções com finalidades iguais ou similares utilizando diferentes tecnologias. Com a proposta de fortalecer a comunidade de Bioinformática, o framework BAK4BIO - Brazilian Army Knife for Bioinformatics é um conjunto de ferramentas para a construção de aplicativos para a plataformaWeb e Mobile. É composto por uma série de subsistemas, os quais possibilitam ao usuário final buscar informações nos principais bancos de dados biológicos; iniciar e supervisionar processos de Bioinformática em ambiente computacional de alto desempenho - BAK4BIO Cluster; e gerenciar arquivos relacionados a entrada e saída de processos nas nuvens - BAK4BIO BOX. Tudo isto provendo a mobilidade necessária para seus usuários, ao permitir com que todos os processos sejam iniciados a partir de um aplicativo desenvolvido para Android - o BAK4BIO Droid. Existe também módulo BAK4BIO Server, responsável por centralizar o recebimento de requisições do módulo Droid e encaminhar para o destino correto, atuando como um proxy. Finalmente, o BAK4BIO Web, criado para interagir com as soluções do framework via Web. A carência de frameworks para o desenvolvimento de ferramentas em Bioinformática encontrada na literatura demonstra que, a existência do BAK4BIO contribui para a integração entre diferentes trabalhos científicos e o coloca em destaque por seu pioneirismo em âmbito nacional na área de mobilidade. Com destaque ao módulo BAK4BIO Droid, disponível na Google PlayStore e utilizado pela comunidade científica em vários países desde o seu lançamento. Palavras-chave: Framework; Dispositivos Móveis; Integração de sistemas; Acesso a bases biológicas; Ferramentas Biológicas. xiii
Abstract: Software development for Bioinformatics, researchers consider several factors to dene the technologies and methods used in a given project, it isn't uncommon nd solutions with similar purposes using diferent technologies. With the proposal to strengthen the Bioinformatic's community, the framework BAK4BIO - Brazilian Army Knife for Bioinformatics is a set of tools for building applications for the Web and Mobile platforms. It consists of a number of subsystems, which enable the user to retrieve information on major biological databases; initiate and supervise Bioinformatics processes in highperformance computing environment - BAK4BIO Cluster, and manage related to input and output processes in clouds - BAK4BIO BOX. All this providing the necessary mobility to users by allowing that all processes start from an application developed for Android - BAK4BIO Droid. There is also BAK4BIO Server module, responsible for centralizing the receipt of requests from the Droid module and forward to the correct destination, acting as a proxy. Finally, the Web BAK4BIO designed to interact with the framework via Web solutions The lack of frameworks for the development of Bioinformatics tools found in the literature shows that the existence of BAK4BIO contributes to the integration of dierent scientic studies and highlights in for his pioneering nationwide in the area of mobility. Highlighting the BAK4BIO Droid unit, available in Google PlayStore and used by the scientic community in several countries since its launch. Key-words: Framework, Mobile Devices, System's Integration, Access to biological bases; Biological Tools. xiv
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4

Hu, Xiaoliang. "A New Gamma Knife Radiosurgery Paradigm: Tomosurgery." online version, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=case1170292131.

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5

Perkins, Holly Lyn. "Air knife fiber spreading in composites manufacturing." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/19068.

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6

Dale, Karen. "Under the knife : embodiment and organisation theory." Thesis, University of Warwick, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.272499.

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7

Lützner, Jörg, Stephan Kirschner, and Klaus-Peter Günther. "Möglichkeiten der navigationsgestützten Knie- und Hüftendoprothetik." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2008. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-ds-1223729518905-08387.

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Die Knie- und Hüftendoprothetik hat sich zu einem Standardeingriff in der Orthopädie entwickelt. Der Erfolg einer endoprothetischen Versorgung hängt neben vielen anderen Faktoren auch von der möglichst korrekten Implantation des Kunstgelenkes ab. Sowohl in der Standardendoprothetik, aber insbesondere auch in schwierigen Situationen kann durch die zusätzliche Unterstützung eines Navigationssystems die Implantationsgenauigkeit verbessert und damit die Häufigkeit von Folgeproblemen minimiert werden. Besonders hilfreich ist diese Unterstützung, wenn eine normale Ausrichtung aufgrund von veränderten Knochenformen nicht möglich ist
Total knee and hip arthroplasties have become a standard procedure in orthopaedic surgery. The success of total arthroplasties depends on a number of factors. One of these is the positioning of the implant. A computer-assisted navigation system is able to improve the accuracy of implant positioning in standard operations, and especially in difficult situations. Problems arising as a consequence of malpositioning can be minimised
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8

Zahiti-Rashiti, Kaltrina [Verfasser], and Elisabeth M. [Akademischer Betreuer] Messmer. "Okuläre Pathologie von Aderhautmelanomen nach Ruthenium-106-, Gamma-Knife- und Cyber-Knife-Bestrahlung / Kaltrina Zahiti-Rashiti ; Betreuer: Elisabeth M. Messmer." München : Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1171705174/34.

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9

Hempel, Elizabeta. "Die Behandlung des Akustikusneurinoms mit dem Gamma-Knife." Diss., lmu, 2005. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-39839.

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10

Matweew, A. "No knife operations: the next generation of surgeries." Thesis, Sumy State University, 2014. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/45283.

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If I asked you to think of the riskiest, most serious surgery you can imagine, there’s a good chance the operation that first came to mind would fall into one of two categories: heart surgery or brain surgery. When these oragans are damaged by an injury or disease, the effects may be severe – and the implications of performing surgery on these organs can be grave. Medical breakthroughs are allowing doctors to treat conditions that once required risky surgeries with non-surgical procedures. From catheters to ultrasound beams, these new devices and techniques make real impacts on patients.
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11

Skovborg, Larsen Anne-Sophie. "Swiss Army Knife : Kvintcirkeln: Ett stöd i musikundervisningen." Thesis, Kungl. Musikhögskolan, Institutionen för musik, pedagogik och samhälle, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kmh:diva-3980.

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Syftet med studien är att undersöka på vilka sätt kvintcirkeln kan fungera som stöd i musikundervisningen och hur den kan vara ett verktyg för elevers lärande. Insamling av empiri skedde genom intervjuer av lärare inom grundskola och högre utbildning. Fokus i intervjuerna var hur och för vilket syfte de lär ut kvintcirkeln. Det framkom att kvintcirkeln fungerar som ett verktyg för att hjälpa elever att transponera ett musikstycke från en tonart till en annan. Detta för att en tonarts ackord finns samlat och kan flyttas med hjälp av triangelformade markeringar. Att använda geometriska former för diverse förhållanden mellan kvintcirkelns toner var också ett tydligt resultat. Ur ett sociokulturellt perspektiv är kvintcirkeln ett verktyg som på olika sätt bidrar till elevers musikaliska lärande och kan appliceras vid tillfällen när stöd behövs för att lättare förstå teoretiska sammanhang.
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12

Nygren, Nelly. "Optimization of the Gamma Knife Treatment Room Design." Thesis, KTH, Fysik, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-300904.

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Radiation shielding is a central part of the design of treatment rooms for radiation therapy systems. The dose levels that medical staff and members of the public can be exposed to outside the treatment rooms are regulated by authorities and influence the required wall thicknesses and possible locations for the systems. Several standard methods exist for performing shielding calculations, but they are not well adapted to the stereotactic radiosurgery system Leksell Gamma Knife because of its self-shielding properties. The built-in shielding makes the leakage radiation anisotropic and generally have lower energy than the primary radiation from the Gamma Knife's cobalt sources. Oversimplifications made in the standard shielding calculation methods regarding the field can lead to excessively thick shielding and limit the number of suitable locations for the system.  In this thesis project, a simulation-based dose calculation algorithm was developed, that uses Monte Carlo-generated data in two steps. The algorithm uses a phase space to accurately describe the radiation field around the Gamma Knife. Information about individual photons in the field is then combined with a generated library of data describing the resulting dose outside a wall depending on the wall thickness and the photon energy. The dose calculation algorithm is fast enough to be integrated into optimization processes, in which the algorithm is used iteratively while varying room design parameters. Demonstrated in this report is a case with a room of fixed size, in which the Gamma Knife's position and the walls' thicknesses are varied, with the aim to find the room design resulting in the minimum wall thicknesses needed to achieve acceptable dose levels outside. The results in this thesis indicate that the dose calculation algorithm performs well and could likely be used in more complex optimizations with more design variables and more advanced design goals.
Strålsäkerhet är en viktig aspekt vid uppförandet av behandlingsrum för strål-terapisystem. Strålningsnivåerna som sjukvårdspersonal och allmänheten kan exponeras för utanför behandlingsrummet regleras av myndigheter och påverkar vilken väggtjocklek som behövs och vilka platser som är lämpliga att placera systemen på. Flertalet metoder för strålskyddsberäkning existerar, men de är inte väl anpassade till det stereotaktiska radiokirurgiska systemet Leksell Gamma Knife, eftersom det har ett inbyggt strålskydd. Det inbyggda strålskyddet gör att strålfältet runt Gamma Knife är anisotropt och generellt har lägre energi än primärstrålningen från systemets koboltkällor. Förenklingar som görs rörande strålfältet i flera existerande metoder för strålskyddsberäkning kan leda till att överdrivet tjocka strålskydd används eller begränsa antalet lämpliga platser att placera systemet på. I detta projekt utvecklades en dosberäkningsalgoritm, som i två steg använder data genererad genom Monte Carlo-simuleringar. Algoritmen använder ett fasrum för att detaljerat beskriva strålfältet runt Gamma Knife. Information om enskilda fotoner i fältet används sen i kombination med ett genererat bibliotek av data som beskriver det dosbidrag som en foton bidrar med utanför behandlingsrummet, baserat på fotonens energi och väggarnas tjocklek. Dosberäkningsalgoritmen är snabb nog att integreras i optimeringsprocesser där den används iterativt samtidigt som rumsdesignparametrar varieras. I denna rapport demonstreras ett fall med ett rum av bestämd storlek, där positionen av Gamma Knife i rummet och väggarnas tjocklekar varieras. Optimeringens syfte i exemplet är att hitta den rumsdesign som med de minsta väggtjocklekarna resulterar i acceptabla strålningsnivåer utanför rummet. Resultaten tyder på att dosberäkningsalgoritmen sannolikt kan användas i mer komplexa optimeringar med fler designvariabler och mer avancerade designmål.
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13

Carroll-Jackson, Melissa. "Styling the Sound: Vocal Coaching The Big Knife." VCU Scholars Compass, 2010. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/2185.

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Styling the Sound: Vocal Coaching The Big Knife explores the journey from research, to rehearsal and finally concludes with a post-production evaluation of the Theatre VCU production of Clifford Odets’s The Big Knife, directed by Tawnya Pettiford-Wates. In Chapter 1 I discuss the process I went through in preparing myself, the director and actors for the demands of the production. This section of the thesis focuses on the research aspect of the work I did. Chapter 2 focuses on the auditions for the show, first read-through and rehearsal process. Also, the one-on-one time spent with actors is also analyzed in this chapter. Finally, I discuss the evolution of the show during public performance and how I felt as the show drew to a close.
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14

Brouwer, Reinoud Willem. "Unicompartmental osteoarthritis of the knee diagnosis and treatment of malignment /." [S.l.] : Rotterdam : [The Author] ; Erasmus University [Host], 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1765/7731.

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15

Bendyna, Joanna [Verfasser], Rüdiger [Akademischer Betreuer] Kniep, and Michael [Akademischer Betreuer] Ruck. "New Developments in Nitridometalates and Cyanamides: Chemical, Structural and Physical Properties / Joanna Bendyna. Gutachter: Rüdiger Kniep ; Michael Ruck. Betreuer: Rüdiger Kniep." Dresden : Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2009. http://d-nb.info/1063280249/34.

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16

Berthold, Rico [Verfasser], Rüdiger [Akademischer Betreuer] Kniep, Guido [Akademischer Betreuer] Kreiner, and Michael [Akademischer Betreuer] Ruck. "Strukturell komplexe intermetallische Verbindungen im System Al-Mg-Zn / Rico Berthold. Gutachter: Rüdiger Kniep ; Michael Ruck. Betreuer: Rüdiger Kniep ; Guido Kreiner." Dresden : Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1069040614/34.

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17

Berthold, Rico [Verfasser], Rüdiger Akademischer Betreuer] Kniep, Guido [Akademischer Betreuer] Kreiner, and Michael [Akademischer Betreuer] [Ruck. "Strukturell komplexe intermetallische Verbindungen im System Al-Mg-Zn / Rico Berthold. Gutachter: Rüdiger Kniep ; Michael Ruck. Betreuer: Rüdiger Kniep ; Guido Kreiner." Dresden : Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2014. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-155096.

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18

Potthast, Wolfgang. "Stossübertragung über das Knie und muskuläre Gelenkkopplung /." Köln : Sport & Buch Strauss, 2005. http://d-nb.info/991422813/04.

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19

Menezes, Prashanth W. [Verfasser], Rüdiger [Akademischer Betreuer] Kniep, and Michael [Akademischer Betreuer] Ruck. "New Developments in the Crystal Chemistry of Selected Borophosphates and Phosphates / Prashanth W. Menezes. Gutachter: Rüdiger Kniep ; Michael Ruck. Betreuer: Rüdiger Kniep." Dresden : Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2009. http://d-nb.info/1063280028/34.

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20

Benor, Belay Amare [Verfasser], Dietmar [Akademischer Betreuer] [Gutachter] Knipp, Veit [Gutachter] Wagner, and Franz [Gutachter] Faupel. "Organic Transistors Prepared by Self-Assembly and Printing Processes / Amare Benor Belay. Betreuer: Dietmar Knipp. Gutachter: Dietmar Knipp ; Veit Wagner ; Franz Faupel." Bremen : IRC-Library, Information Resource Center der Jacobs University Bremen, 2008. http://d-nb.info/110448093X/34.

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21

Ceyhan, Ufuk [Verfasser], Dietmar [Akademischer Betreuer] Knipp, Werner [Akademischer Betreuer] Bergholz, Thomas [Akademischer Betreuer] Henning, and Friedrich [Akademischer Betreuer] Fleischmann. "Characterization of aspherical lenses by experimental ray tracing / Ufuk Ceyhan. Betreuer: Dietmar Knipp. Gutachter: Dietmar Knipp ; Werner Bergholz ; Thomas Henning ; Friedrich Fleischmann." Bremen : IRC-Library, Information Resource Center der Jacobs University Bremen, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1087274826/34.

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22

Sandström, Helena. "Variability in target delineation instereotactic radiosurgery withLeksell Gamma Knife® Perfexion™ and a perspective on radiobiological outcome: A multiobserver study." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Medicinsk strålningsfysik (tills m KI), 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-100429.

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23

Llewelyn, Ffion Haf. "The uplifted knife : exploring the boundaries of self-defence." Thesis, Aberystwyth University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2160/2a746863-c06d-466c-ac4a-82e76800c539.

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This thesis provides a critique on the law of self-defence in England and Wales. It demonstrates the general justifiability of the defence, while challenging recent legislative amendments that expand its scope for householders. Location has developed as a key variable in cases of self-defence, with greater rights of protection ascribed to householders defending against intruders than is permitted in other situations. The reasons behind this increased protection are criticised, and it is argued that it is more appropriate to apply the same standard of self-defence regardless of the location of the attack. The research also explores the complex relationship existing between the criminal law defence of self-defence and crimes involving offensive weapons in the law of England and Wales. It demonstrates that the law has developed in a contradictory and confusing manner. While self-defence may provide a defence to the infliction of injury to an aggressor, it is unlikely to justify the initial criminal act of carrying an offensive weapon or bladed article in a public place. The reasons for carrying weapons are examined, and it is submitted that in addition to legal attempts to deter and punish possession, proactive initiatives targeted at the community level are required. This is a matter of balancing competing harms, namely, harms to the individual against a risk of harm to society. It is argued that the law has developed appropriate methods for addressing the harms involved in self-defence through application of the reasonable force test. The thesis also highlights the role of the media in shaping public perception of the defence and offences discussed. It also demonstrates the relevance of emotions, primarily fear, and argues for an increased consideration of the power of fear to influence an individual’s defensive force, and decision to carry a weapon for protection where appropriate.
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Norell, Emil. "Gamma Knife treatment planning with new degrees of freedom." Thesis, KTH, Optimeringslära och systemteori, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-246149.

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The Leksell Gamma Knife® is an instrument designed for high precision treatment of tumours and lesions located in the brain and upper spine. Today, the radioactive cobalt-60 sources can only move linearly along the radiation unit, but the machine could be modified to include rotational motion as well. We extend an existing linear programming approach to inverse planning for the Gamma Knife by examining the benefits from rotational degrees of freedom. The improvements offered from rotations are limited, but easy to make use of. We investigate the model in four patient cases, and find that an upper bound on the improvement of the optimization cost function is between 4.5% and 7.0% depending on case. With a total of four angles distributed uniformly over a 45 degree interval, one can in each case achieve a solution that performs up to within 1% of this bound. The average maximal improvements in terms of clinical metrics are 0.5% selectivity and 1.9% gradient index, at the cost of 5.9% worse beam-on time. No statistically significant change in coverage is found. A dynamic model based on column generation is proposed, which allows treatment during constant velocity angular motion and can achieve practically the same plan quality as the model with uniformly distributed angles at a significantly lower problem size. A similar algorithm can be designed to locate the most effective angles in a non-uniform manner that achieves better plans with fewer added rotational degrees of freedom. Trade-offs between memory and solution times are used to successively reduce the RAM occupation by around 90% and make significantly larger models computationally feasible to solve. A voxel clustering approach with emphasis on surface voxels, adapted to the radiosurgical framework, can significantly reduce the problem size while still producing competitive plans.
Strålkniven Leksell Gamma Knife® är ett instrument designat för högprecisionsbestrålning av tumörer och lesioner i hjärnan och övre delen av ryggraden. Idag kan de radioaktiva källorna endast förflyttas linjärt under behandlingen, men maskinen skulle kunna modifieras för att även tillåta rotationsrörelser. Vi utvidgar ett ramverk för inversplanering, formulerat som ett linjär-programmeringsproblem, genom att undersöka fördelarna med nya rotationsfrihetsgrader. Förbättringarna som rotationer möjliggör är begränsade, men kan relativt enkelt tas till vara. Vi undersöker de potentiella förändringarna i fyra patientfall och finner att den övre gränsen av förbättringarna för målfunktionsvärdet i optimeringsproblemet är mellan 4.5% och 7.0% beroende på fall. Genom att tillåta rotation av källorna till fyra jämnt fördelade vinklar över 45 grader kan man i samtliga fall hitta en lösning som är inom 1% från det bästa målfunktionsvärdet. De genomsnittliga förbättringarna i form av kliniska metriker är 0.5% selektivitet och 1.9% gradient-index, dock på bekostnad av en försämring av bestrålningstiden med 5.9%. Ingen tydlig förändring av täckningen kunde påvisas. En modell baserad på kolumngenerering, som tillåter behandling under rotation av kollimator-kroppen med konstant hastighet, föreslås. I denna modell kan praktiskt taget lika bra lösningar uppnås som för likformigt fördelade vinklar, men med betydligt mindre problemstorlek. En liknande algoritm kan lokalisera de mest effektiva vinklarna och åstadkomma samma plankvalitet med färre, men olikformt fördelade, rotationsfrihetsgrader. RAM-användningen kan reduceras med cirka 90% genom avvägningar mellan minne och beräknings-tider, vilket möjliggör lösning av probleminstanser som tidigare var beräkningsmässigt omöjliga. Klustringsmetoder av voxlar anpassade till strålkniven kan minska problemstorleken betydelsefullt medan de resulterande behandlingsplanerna är fortsatt konkurrenskraftiga.
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25

Barry, Andrew J. (Andrew James). "Flying between obstacles with an autonomous knife-edge maneuver." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/78535.

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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2012.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 55-58).
We develop an aircraft and control system that is capable of repeatedly performing a high speed (7m/s or 16 MPH) "knife-edge" maneuver through a gap that is smaller than the aircraft's wingspan. The maneuver consists of flying towards a gap, rolling to a significant angle, accurately navigating between the obstacles, and rolling back to horizontal. The speed and roll-rate required demand a control system capable of highly precise, repeatable maneuvers. We address the necessary control theory, path planning, and hardware requirements for such a maneuver, and give a proposal for a new system that may improve upon the existing techniques.
by Andrew J. Barry.
S.M.
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26

Huang, Gregory T. (Gregory Tsan-Kao). "Propagation over knife edge obstacles on a spherical earth." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/12765.

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Thesis (M.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 1992.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 99-102).
by Gregory T. Huang.
M.S.
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27

Jitprapaikulsarn, Suradet. "An Optimization-Based Treatment Planner for Gamma Knife Radiosurgery." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1109959500.

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28

Clark, Brett W. "The Development and Evaluation of the knife Finite Element." BYU ScholarsArchive, 1996. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/3456.

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This thesis presents the development and evaluation of the knife finite element which is a degenerate case of a hexahedral element. The knife connectivity is an artifact of automatic all-hexahedral mesh generators. Currently, knives are propagated to the surface of the mesh for removal. However since this disturbs the surface mesh, other alternatives are needed. This thesis investigates the option of leaving the knife connectivity in the mesh and treating it as a valid finite element. The shape functions and stiffness matrix for the knife element are derived and evaluated using theoretical and practical evaluations. It is concluded that the knife finite element is a viable element and should be used in finite element analysis when the knife connectivity occurs. Using the knife element reduces the work involved with fixing the knife connectivity by propagation or other means and will produce acceptable results in most cases.
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29

Homminga, George Nicolaas. "Perichondrial arthroplasty of the knee." Maastricht : Maastricht : Datawyse ; University Library, Maastricht University [Host], 1989. http://arno.unimaas.nl/show.cgi?fid=5533.

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Jovanov, Vladislav [Verfasser], Dietmar [Akademischer Betreuer] [Gutachter] Knipp, Thomas [Gutachter] Henning, Werner [Gutachter] Bergholz, and Helmut [Gutachter] Stiebig. "Characterization and modeling of nanostructured silicon thin-film optoelectronic devices / Vladislav Jovanov. Betreuer: Dietmar Knipp. Gutachter: Dietmar Knipp ; Thomas Henning ; Werner Bergholz ; Helmut Stiebig." Bremen : IRC-Library, Information Resource Center der Jacobs University Bremen, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1101939885/34.

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Wennemar, Mareike. "Bakterielle Kontamination bei Implantaten von Knie und Hüftendoprothesen." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2004. http://archiv.ub.uni-marburg.de/diss/z2004/0597/.

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Schnurr, Christoph [Verfasser]. "Bildfreie Computernavigation von Knie- und Hüftprothesen / Christoph Schnurr." Köln : Deutsche Zentralbibliothek für Medizin, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1024541479/34.

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33

KENKNIGHT, CHARLES ELMAN. "THE KNIFE EDGE TEST AS A WAVEFRONT SENSOR (IMAGE PROCESSING)." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/184151.

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An algorithm to reduce data from the knife edge test is given. The method is an extension of the theory of single sideband holography to second order effects. Application to phase microscopy is especially useful because a troublesome second order term vanishes when the knife edge does not attenuate the unscattered radiation probing the specimen. The algorithm was tested by simulation of an active optics system that sensed and corrected small (less than quarter wavelength) wavefront errors. Convergence to a null was quadratic until limited by detector-injected noise in signal. The best form of the algorithm used only a Fourier transform of the smoothed detector record, a filtering of the transform, an inverse transform, and an arctangent solving for the phase of the input wavefront deformation. Iterations were helpful only for a Wiener filtering of the data record that weighted down Fourier amplitudes smaller than the mean noise level before analysis. The simplicity and sensitivity of this wavefront sensor makes it a candidate for active optic control of small-angle light scattering in space. In real time optical processing a two dimensional signal can be applied as a voltage to a deformable mirror and be received as an intensity modulation at an output plane. Combination of these features may permit a real time null test. Application to electron microscopy should allow the finding of defocus, astigmatism, and spherical aberrations for single micrographs at 0.2 nm resolution, provided a combination of specimen and support membrane is used that permits some a priori knowledge. For some thin specimens (up to nearly 100 atom layers thick) the left-right symmetry of diffraction should allow reconstruction of the wave-front deformations caused by the specimen with double the bandpass used in each image.
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Jafari, Naimi Ladan. "Experiments and modeling of size reduction of switchgrass in laboratory rotary knife mill." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/966.

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Biomass from forestry and agricultural sources has recently drawn a lot of attention as a new source of feedstock for energy and bio products. Size reduction is an important step in preparation of biomass as a feedstock. Each conversion process needs its own specific size or size distribution of particles. Modeling the size reduction process helps to optimize the design and control of the process while ensuring biomass particle sizes for an efficient biofuel conversion process. The objective of this study was to apply the population balance method for modeling the size reduction process. The model was applied to switchgrass size reduction by a grinder. Two population balance parameters, grinding rate (s⁻¹) and breakage distribution function (dimensionless) were estimated using experimental grinding data. The time dependent balance equations were solved using the Euler technique. The accumulation and depletion of the particles belonging to each size category were simulated as a function of time. The simulation predicted the residence time of particles inside the grinder in a way that the ground particles could meet the size and size distribution specifications for the downstream process. The thesis also describes preliminary steps in size reduction. Ground particles were fractionated based on their size by sieving. Weibull distribution was found to be the best probability density function to fit the data.
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Chadwick, Edward K. J. "Biomechanics of the upper limb : applications of motion analysis and force measurement techniques." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 1999. http://oleg.lib.strath.ac.uk:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=21347.

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Two studies involving different applications of motion analysis and force measurement techniques are presented. The first study provides data on typical loads on the upper limb, and the muscle and joint forces which oppose them. The second presents parameters defining the biomechanics of knife stab attacks in order to specify standards for the testing of stab resistant body armour. A three dimensional, mathematical model of the elbow and wrist joints, including 15 muscle units, 3 ligaments and 4 joint forces, has been developed. A new strain gauge transducer has been developed to measure functional grip forces. The device measures radial forces divided into six components and forces of up to 250N per segment can be measured with an accuracy of «1%. Ten normal volunteers from within the Bioengineering Unit were asked to complete four tasks representing occupational activities, during which time their grip force, was monitored. Together with kinematic information from the six-camera Vicon data, the moment effect of these loads at the joints was calculated. These external moments are assumed to be balanced by the internal moments, generated by the muscles, passive soft tissue and bone contact. The effectiveness of the body's internal structures in generating joint moments was assessed by studying the geometry of a simplified model of the structures, where information about the lines of action and moment arms of muscles, tendons and ligaments is contained. The assumption of equilibrium between these external and internal joint moments allows formulation of a set of equations from which muscle and joint forces can be calculated. A two stage, linear optimisation routine minimising the overall muscle stress and the sum of the joint forces has been used to overcome the force sharing problem. Humero-uInar forces of up to 1600N, humero-radial forces of up to 800N and wrist joint forces of up to 2800N were found for moderate level activity. The model was validated by comparison with other studies. A wide range of parameters defining the biomechanics of knife stab attacks has been measured in order to specify standards for the testing of stab resistant body armour. Stab styles based on reported incidents provided more realistic data than had previously existed. A six camera Vicon motion analysis system and specially developed force measuring knife were used to measure the parameters. Twenty volunteers were asked to stab a target with near maximal effort. Three styles of stab were used: a short thrust forward, a horizontal style sweep around the body and an overhand stab. The body holding the knife u-as modelled as a series of rigid segments: trunk, upper arm, forearm and hand, and knife. The calculation of the velocities of theses egments, and knowledge of the mass distribution from biomechanical tables, allowed the calculation of the segment energy and momentum values. The knife measured four components of load: axial force (along the length of the blade), cutting force (parallel to the breadth of the blade), lateral force (across the blade) and torque (twisting action) using foil strain gauges. The 95th Percentile values for axial force and energy were 1885N and 69J respectively.
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Bouwmeester, Sophia Johannes Maria. "Perichondrial arthroplasty of the knee results and attempts for improvement since 1986 /." Maastricht : Maastricht : Universiteit Maastricht ; University Library, Maastricht University [Host], 1999. http://arno.unimaas.nl/show.cgi?fid=7214.

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Veldhuizen, Jan Willem. "Knee immobilization techniques and evaluation /." Maastricht : Maastricht : Universitaire Pers Maastricht ; University Library, Maastricht University [Host], 1995. http://arno.unimaas.nl/show.cgi?fid=7935.

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Potthast, Wolfgang [Verfasser]. "Stoßübertragung über das Knie und muskuläre Gelenkkopplung / Wolfgang Potthast." Hamburg : Diplom.de, 2005. http://d-nb.info/1185646264/34.

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39

Kröll, Kirstin [Verfasser]. "Mittelfristige Ergebnisse nach Implantation einer Knie-Totalendoprothese / Kirstin Kröll." Köln : Deutsche Zentralbibliothek für Medizin, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1032350091/34.

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40

Weber, Lars. "Hüft-TEP und Knie-TEP in der ambulanten Rehabilitation." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Philosophische Fakultät IV, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/16298.

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Untersuchungsziel: Untersucht wurden Auswirkungen einer ambulanten orthopädischen Rehabilitation nach der Implantation einer Hüft- bzw. Knieendoprothese auf die individuelle Lebensqualität. Um zu erkennen, ob Zusammenhänge von individuellen Parametern wie Geschlecht, Alter, Bildungsstand und dem Rehabilitationsverlauf bzw. –ergebnis bestehen, wurden medizinisch-funktionelle und psychosoziale Daten erhoben, sowie ergänzende Variablen durch Schichtenindices und mittels eines strukturierten Interviews erfasst. Methode: Systematische Datenerhebung von medizinisch funktionellen (Gelenkbeweglichkeit, Muskelkraft) und psychosozialen (Aktivitäten des täglichen Lebens) Daten von n=60 Pat. mit Knie-TEP und n=61 Pat. mit Hüft-TEP zu vier Messzeitpunkten (Anfang Reha=t0, Ende Reha=t1, 6 Monate nach Reha= t2 und 24 Monate nach Reha= t3) und strukturiertes Interview zur Erfassung von soziodemographischen Merkmalen, Motivation und Behandlungszuversicht. Analysemethoden: Signifikanzanalyse und Berechnung der Effektstärke (Cohens d) der Veränderungen zwischen t0 – t1 für abhängige Stichproben (getrennt nach Indikation), Längsschnittdarstellung der funktionellen und psychosozialen Parameter mit deskriptivstatistischen Analysen getrennt nach Indikation und Geschlecht. Ergebnisse: Für beide Indikationen ergaben sich hohe Effekte für Verbesserungen der funktionellen Parameter und mittlere (teilhabebezogen) bzw. hohe (aktivitätsbezogen) Effekte bei den psychosozialen Parametern am Ende der Rehabilitation. Die teilstandardisierten Rehabilitationsmaßnahmen wirken sich indikations- und geschlechtsbezogen unterschiedlich aus. Unter Beachtung der psychophysischen Leistungsvoraussetzungen und sozialen Rahmenbedingungen ist die ambulante Rehabilitation gut geeignet für Patienten im höheren Lebensalter.
Study objective: Effects of an outpatient orthopedic rehabilitation after the implantation of a hip or knee replacement on the individual quality of life were studied. In order to analyze the existence of significant relationships between individual parameters such as gender, age, education and the rehabilitation outcome medical-functional and psychosocial data were collected, and additional layers of indices and variables by using a structured interview were applied. Method: Systematic data collection from medical functional (joint mobility, muscle strength) and psychosocial (activities of daily living) data of n = 60 patient with total knee replacement and n = 61 patient with total hip replacement to four time points (beginning of rehabilitation = t0, end rehab = t1, t2 = 6 months after rehabilitation and 24 months after discharge = t3) and structured interview for socio-demographic characteristics, motivation and confidence in treatment Analysis: Significance analysis and calculation of effect size (Cohen''s d) of the changes between t0 and t1 for dependent samples (separated by indication), longitudinal section view of the functional and psychosocial parameters with descriptive-statistical analyses apart from indication and sex Results: For both indications high effects of improvement in functional parameters, mean effects (participatory based) and high (activity-related) effects on the psycho-social parameters at the end of rehabilitation could be identified. The semi-standardized rehabilitation measures had shown differences by indication just like gender. In accordance with the psychophysical performance conditions and social environment outpatient rehabilitation is well suited for patients in advanced age.
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Alexandrov, Rumen. "Radiochirurgie mit dem Gamma Knife-System zur Sekundärtherapie der persistierenden Akromegalie." Diss., lmu, 2004. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-28215.

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42

Mayerich, David Matthew. "Acquisition and reconstruction of brain tissue using knife-edge scanning microscopy." Texas A&M University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/563.

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A fast method for gathering large-scale data sets through the serial sectioning of brain tissue is described. These data sets are retrieved using knife-edge scanning microscopy, a new technique developed in the Brain Networks Laboratory at Texas A&M University. This technique allows the imaging of tissue as it is cut by an ultramicrotome. In this thesis the development of a knife-edge scanner is discussed as well as the scanning techniques used to retrieve high-resolution data sets. Problems in knife-edge scanning microscopy, such as illumination, knife chatter, and focusing are discussed. Techniques are also shown to reduce these problems so that serial sections of tissue can be sampled at resolutions that are high enough to allow reconstruction of neurons at the cellular level.
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Rojas, Villabona Alvaro Alexander. "Optimisation of planning and delivery methods for Gamma Knife Stereotactic Radiosurgery." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2018. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/10048270/.

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The work presented in this dissertation is the response to a series of technical and clinical challenges encountered during the first four years of operations in the Gamma Knife Centre at Queen Square. These challenges, which are common to most contemporary Gamma Knife centres, were prospectively addressed and practical solutions were developed for the questions they posed. The dosimetric differences between the new convolution algorithm and the standard TMR 10 algorithm traditionally used for prediction of dose distribution in Gamma Knife Radiosurgery (GKR) were explored. It was demonstrated that inhomogeneity correction with the convolution algorithm results in a considerable but consistent dose shift compared to TMR 10. No significant difference in relative dose distribution was noted and it was concluded that a reduction of the prescription dose is necessary to obtain the same absolute dosimetric effect with the convolution algorithm. The stability of the stereotactic Leksell frame G in GKR was demonstrated using a comprehensive study design that involved repeated measurements of landmarks by two observers. The study provided reliable and realistic evidence of submillimetre stability of the stereotactic frame throughout the treatment procedure which is important for evaluation and development of new frameless radiosurgery systems. The technical feasibility of using a combination of three magnetic resonance angiography sequences (triple-MRA), instead of digital subtraction angiography (DSA), for visualisation and delineation of brain Arteriovenous Malformations (AVMs) for GKR targeting was demonstrated. Target volumes obtained using triple-MRA are on average 10% smaller than AVM targets obtained with the standard DSA planning method and this can potentially reduce the risk of adverse radiation effects (ARE). The treatment planning method described here has laid the way for a change in clinical practice that favours a less invasive treatment planning approach. The same principle of less invasive AVM imaging with triple-MRA was used at the post-GKR stage, when a DSA is performed to confirm AVM obliteration. Triple-MRA was found to consistently confirm or rule out residual AVMs in patients who had undergone GKR for brain AVMs, compared to DSA, and it can also be reliably used for characterisation of residual AVMs. The use of triple-MRA as a first line for assessment of obliteration after GKR is recommended.
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Flurin, Emmanuel. "The Josephson mixer : a swiss army knife for microwave quantum optics." Thesis, Paris, Ecole normale supérieure, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ENSU0024/document.

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Cette thèse explore les caractéristiques uniques offertes par le mélangeur Josephson dans le domaine émergeant de l’optique quantique micro-onde. Nous avons démontré que le mixeur Josephson pouvait jouer trois rôles majeurs pour le traitement de l’information quantique. Nous avons conçu et fabriqué un amplificateur à la limite quantique avec la meilleure efficacité quantique démontrée à cette date. Cet outil crucial peut être utilisé pour la mesure microonde de systèmes mésoscopiques dont les circuits supraconducteurs. En particulier, cela nous a permis de réaliser avec succès la stabilisation de trajectoires d’un bit quantique supraconducteur par rétroaction basée sur la mesure. Ensuite, nous avons montré comment ce circuit peut générer et distribuer des radiations micro-ondes intriquées par conversion paramétrique spontanée sur des lignes de transmissions séparées dans l’espace et à des fréquences différentes. En utilisant deux mixeurs Josephson, nous avons fourni la première démonstration d’intrication non- locale entre deux champs propageants dans le domaine micro-onde, les états dits EPR. Finalement, nous avons utilisé le mixeur Josephson dans le mode de conversion de fréquence. Il se comporte alors comme un interrupteur, permettant d’ouvrir ou fermer dynamiquement l’accès à une cavité de haut facteur de qualité. L’ensemble constitue une mémoire quantique. En combinant cela avec la génération d’intrication, nous avons mesuré la distribution, le stockage et la libération sur demande d’un état intriqué. Ceci est un pré-requis pour jouer le rôle de nœud au sein d’un réseau quantique
This thesis work explores unique features offered by the Josephson mixer in the upcoming field of microwave quantum optics. We have demonstrated three major roles the Josephson mixer could play in emerging quantum information architectures. First, we have designed and fabricated a state-of-the-art practical quantum limited amplifier with the best quantum efficiency achieved to date. This tool is crucial for probing mesoscopic systems with microwaves, and in particular superconducting circuits. Hence, it has enabled us to realize successfully the stabilization of quantum trajectories of a superconducting qubit by measurement-based feedback. Second, we have shown how this circuit can generate and distribute entangled microwave radiations on separated transmission lines at different frequencies. Using two Josephson mixers, we have provided the first demonstration of entanglement between spatially separated propagating fields in the microwave domain, the so-called Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen states. Finally, we have used the Josephson mixer as a frequency converter. Acting as a switch, it is able to dynamically turn on and off the coupling to a low loss cavity. This feature allowed us to realize a quantum memory for microwaves. In combination with the ability to generate entanglement, we have measured the time-controlled generation, storage and on-demand release of an entangled state, which is a prerequisite for nodes of a quantum network
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45

Traynor, Peter Robert. "Closing the 'security gap' : young people, 'street life' and knife crime." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2016. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/16687/.

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This thesis explores the social meanings applied to the carrying and use of knives as a weapon, by young people living in areas with high rates of knife crime and violence. The thesis situates data, generated through interviews and focus groups, within a theoretical framework based around the concept of ‘street life’, as a place in which young people, often in groups, draw on street codes as a response to the extant violence and a ‘security gap’ in their neighbourhoods. This ‘gap’ was experienced to a greater or lesser extent by most of the young people who took part in the research, and was bound up in ongoing ‘integrational difficulties’ experienced in adolescence, and exacerbated by experiences of deprivation and marginality. Some participants responded to violence by adhering to a street code that exposed them to violence, and, reproduced the violence they sought to confront. Non-offending young people were able to draw on a ‘civic code’ as a means of sustaining collective resilience. Social integration is shown to provide a crucial form of resilience for participants. In the absence of sources of collective resilience, the knife represented for many participants a proxy form of resilience. Participants were sometimes able to cultivate more effective forms of integration and social resilience as they disengaged with ‘street life’ and, as a consequence, the knife as a source of protection became increasingly redundant. In this sense, the thesis is about how young people create and sustain identities, integration and resilience in difficult circumstances, and the sometimes-misguided ways in which they seek to do this. Thus, the thesis adds novel empirical and conceptual findings to normative and subcultural understandings, not just of knife carrying but of gangs, and other collective responses to violence.
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46

Gossmann, Anita. "Eating soup with a knife : the South African military & counterinsurgency." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/3773.

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47

Singh-Jasuja, Harpreet. "The heat shock protein Gp96 the immune system's Swiss army knife /." [S.l. : s.n.], 2002. http://www.bsz-bw.de/cgi-bin/xvms.cgi?SWB10028537.

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48

Nadowska, Agnieszka. "Services Marketing in the Health Care Industry- Elekta in Sweden." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för ekonomi, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-15674.

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During the nineteenth and the twentieth centuries, the world has moved from a manufacturing to service-based economy, where the twentieth first century, will be the” century of services”, and will transform into the century of “international services” (Clark and Rajaratnam, 1999).
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James, Aricatt John, and Devarajan Velmurugan. "Determination of stresses and forces acting on a Granulator knife by using FE simulation." Thesis, Tekniska Högskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, JTH. Forskningsmiljö Produktutveckling - Simulering och optimering, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-28297.

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Recycling of plastics always plays an important role in keeping our environment better and safe. With the rise in usage of plastics and industrialization, the need for recycling the plastics has become a big business and is getting bigger. This thesis work was done for a company called Rapid Granulator AB, which works with the recycling of plastics as a big trade in Sweden. Like all the industries across the globe are trying to be economical in every way, Rapid Granulator AB wanted to develop an economical design of their high quality granulating knife. For achieving the economical design, they wanted to study the behaviour of the rotating knife during the process of producing plastic granules. The granulator cutting process was simulated and numerical analysis was done on the rotating knife of a plastic granulator machine by using the finite element code ABAQUS with 3D stress elements to find out the critical stresses and forces acting on the rotating knife. The bolt preload was applied by Abaqus/Standard, and the results of implicit analysis were imported to Abaqus/Explicit for the impact analysis where the flow of stresses on the rotating knife during the impact with materials were simulated and studied. The study was done on knife models of different thickness to see if the thickness of the current knife model can be reduced. Analysis were done also on a knife model assembly with a double sided cutting edge knife to see if the knife model can be used to its full extent. The simulation models and analysis results were given to the company to develop a more economical knife model.
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Costa, Nathalia Almeida. "Desenvolvimento e implementação de um objeto simulador para dosimetria de equipamentos Gamma Knife&reg." Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/85/85131/tde-03072018-095701/.

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A radiocirurgia estereotáxica é um procedimento que trata principalmente lesões intracranianas para destruir células tumorais inacessíveis cirurgicamente. O Gamma Knife® é uma unidade de radiocirurgia estereotáxica que trata lesões exclusivamente cerebrais com feixes de 60Co de forma não-invasiva. De forma a garantir a acurácia na entrega da dose, esse tipo de equipamento necessita de detectores adequados para determinar a dose a ser entregue com exatidão. O protocolo da IAEA, TRS 483, é um guia padronizado para procedimentos dosimétricos e indicação de detectores relativos à dosimetria de referência de campos pequenos usados em feixes de radioterapia. Este trabalho seguiu as recomendações do TRS 483 na dosimetria do Gamma Knife® e foram realizadas medições utilizando duas câmaras de ionização, Exradin A16 e PTW Pinpoint 3D 31016, a alanina como detector de referência e os objetos simuladores indicados pela Elekta, fabricante do Gamma Knife®, sendo um de ABS e outro de Solid Water®. Um objeto simulador de acrílico foi construído, com as mesmas dimensões dos indicados pela Elekta, e implementado na dosimetria de equipamentos Gamma Knife®. A calibração das câmaras de ionização utilizadas foi realizada em um laboratório padrão primário e o coeficiente de calibração obtido foi utilizado no cálculo da dose absorvida na água dessas câmaras. Os estudos e testes dosimétricos realizados com o objeto simulador construído demonstraram resultados próximos aos simuladores existentes. Todos os fatores de correção indicados pelo TRS 483 foram considerados para o cálculo da dose absorvida. Foi constatado que o novo objeto simulador pode ser utilizado na dosimetria de Gamma Knife® e também para calibração de câmaras de ionização de volume pequeno, garantindo uma configuração de dosimetria e calibração similares e proporcionando ao usuário uma calibração próxima à configuração da dosimetria clínica. O projeto e a execução do objeto simulador utilizado neste trabalho visa contribuir para o TRS 483, de forma que seja utilizado na aplicação da dosimetria de Gamma Knife® e na calibração de câmaras de ionização de volume pequeno.
Stereotactic radiosurgery is a procedure that primarily treats intracranial lesions to destroy tumor cells that are inaccessible surgically. Gamma Knife® is a stereotactic radiosurgery unit that treats exclusively cerebral lesions using 60Co beams non-invasively. In order to ensure accurate dose delivery, this type of equipment requires adequate detectors to determine the dose is delivered accurately. The IAEA TRS 483 protocol is a standardized guide for dosimetric procedures and indication of detectors for reference dosimetry of small fields used in radiotherapy beams. Following TRS 483 recommendations in Gamma Knife® dosimetry, the measurements performed in this work used two ionization chambers; Exradin A16 and PTW Pinpoint 3D 31016, alanine as reference detector and phantoms indicated by Elekta, Gamma Knife\'s® manufacturer, which are made of ABS and Solid Water®. An acrylic phantom was built with the same dimensions as those indicated by Elekta, and implemented for the Gamma Knife® dosimetry. The calibration of the ionization chambers used was performed in a primary standard laboratory and the calibration coefficient obtained was used to calculate the absorbed dose in the water for these chambers. The dosimetry and tests performed with the acrylic phantom showed results close to the existing phantoms. All the correction factors indicated by TRS 483 were considered for the absorbed dose to water calculation. The new phantom can be used in Gamma Knife® dosimetry and also for calibration of small volume ionization chambers, assuring a similar dosimetry and calibration configuration and providing a calibration close to the clinical dosimetry configuration for the user. The design and implementation of the simulator object used in this work aims to contribute to the TRS 483, for the use in Gamma Knife® dosimetry and in the calibration of small volume ionization chambers.
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