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1
Roos, Harald. "Exercise, knee injury and osteoarthrosis." Lund : Dept. of Orthopedics, University Hospital, 1994. http://books.google.com/books?id=c25sAAAAMAAJ.
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Colvin, Matthew. "Quadriceps strength prediction equations in individuals with ligamentous injuries, meniscal injuries and / a thesis submitted to Auckland University of Technology in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Health Science, School of Physiotherapy, 2007." Click here to access this resource online, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10292/379.
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Khalid, Nazbar. "Anterior cruciate ligament injuries." Thesis, Sumy State University, 2014. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/36592.
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One of the most common knee injuries is an anterior cruciate ligament sprain or tear.Athletes who participate in high demand sports like soccer, football, and basketball are more likely to injure their anterior cruciate ligaments.If you have injured your anterior cruciate ligament, you may require surgery to regain full function of your knee. This will depend on several factors, such as the severity of your injury and your activity level.
When you are citing the document, use the following link http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/36592
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Casteleyn, Pierre-Paul Hugues Ernest Ghislain. "Acute knee injuries diagnostic & treatment management proposals /." [Maastricht : Maastricht : Universiteit Maastricht] ; University Library, Maastricht University [Host], 1999. http://arno.unimaas.nl/show.cgi?fid=6875.
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Mohamed, Ehab Elsayed. "The Knee injuries in women soccer players in South Africa." Thesis, University of Limpopo (Medunsa Campus), 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/267.
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Thesis (MSc (Physiotherapy))--University of Limpopo (Medunsa Campus), 2010.The knee Injuries in Women Soccer Players in South Africa The Knee is a common site for injuries in soccer players. The reasons for the increased rates of knee injuries in women soccer players are not clear, but some theories suggested the reason to lie in the difference in anatomy. This research investigate the prevalence of knee injuries in women soccer players in South Africa and sought to find out whether three of the anatomical factors (Q-angle, pelvic width and Intercondylar notch width) have a role in increasing knee injuries in these individuals. The study design was case –control study. Methodology: Twenty four players of South Africa women soccer team (Under 23) participated in this study. X-rays of the hip were taken and the Q-angles were thereafter measured manually. Association between anatomical factors and knee injuries were determined. The result of this study showed that 17% of the players were having non contact knee injuries. Statistical analysis showed no significant relation between knee injuries among women soccer players and each of the anatomical factors. The P-values of both t-test and ANOVA test were larger than the 0.05 level of significance. The study found that the prevalence of knee injuries among the young women playing for the South African national team U-23 was relatively high. However, this study could not identify significant relationship between the anatomical risk factors and the incidences of knee injuries among the participants.
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Forssblad, Magnus. "A concept for treatment of sports related knee injuries /." Stockholm, 2004. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2004/91-7349-799-1/.
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Kosiuk, Monica. "Quantitative analysis of functional knee appliances in controlling anterior cruciate ligament deficient knees." Thesis, McGill University, 1990. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=60013.
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The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate and compare the efficacy of three functional knee braces in stabilizing anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) deficient knees. The subject sample consisted of eighteen males and females with a unilateral ACL deficiency.The criterion variables consisted of the ability of each brace in controlling internal rotation and knee extension during active movement and knee extension during a high velocity activity (dynamic task). Total displacement of the knee brace during a running test was also evaluated.
The results of this study demonstrated significant differences between the efficacy of the three braces for control of knee extension during active movement, knee extension during a dynamic task and brace migration during a running task. There was no significant difference between the efficacy of the three braces in controlling internal rotation during active movement.
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Liggins, Adrian B. "Quantitative assessment of knee stabilization orthoses." Thesis, University of Salford, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.258237.
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黃若虹 and Yeuk-hung Wong. "Kinematic analysis of rotation pattern of ACL deficient knee, ACL reconstructed knee and normal knee during single leg hop and pivotshift test." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2000. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31225378.
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Gisslén, Karl. "The patellar tendon in junior elite volleyball players and an Olympic elite weightlifter /." Umeå : Univ, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-940.
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Swirtun, Linda R. "Anterior cruciate ligament injury : factors affecting selection of treatment and intermediate outcome /." Stockholm, 2006. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2006/91-7357-027-3/.
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Waldén, Markus. "Epidemiology of injuries in elite football /." Linköping : Linköping University, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-8623.
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Scarvell, Jennifer. "Kinematics and degenerative change in ligament-injured knees." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/4139.
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The aim of the work presented in this thesis was to examine the associations between the kinematics of the knee characterised by the tibiofemoral contact pattern, and degenerative change, in the context of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury. While the natural history of degenerative change following knee injury is well understood, the role of kinematics in these changes is unclear. Kinematics of the knee has been described in a variety of ways, most commonly by describing motion according to the six degrees of freedom of the knee. The advantage of mapping the tibiofemoral contact pattern is that it describes events at the articular surface, important to degenerative change. It was hypothesised that the tibiofemoral contact pattern would be affected by injury to the knee. A model of ACL injury was chosen because the kinematics of the knee have been shown to be affected by ACL injury, and because the majority of chronic ACL-deficient knees develop osteoarthritis, the associations between kinematics and degenerative change could be explored. A technique of tibiofemoral contact pattern mapping was established using MRI, as a quantifiable measure of knee kinematics. The tibiofemoral contact pattern was recorded from 0º to 90º knee flexion while subjects performed a leg-press against a 150N load, using sagittal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans. The technique was tested and found to be reliable, allowing a description of the tibiofemoral contact pattern in 12 healthy subjects. The tibiofemoral contact patterns of knee pathology were then examined in a series of studies of subjects at a variety of stages of chronicity of ligament injury and osteoarthritis. Twenty subjects with recent ACL injury, 23 subjects with chronic ACL deficiency of at least 10 years standing, and 14 subjects with established osteoarthritis of the knee were recruited. The 20 subjects with recent ACL injury were examined again at 12 weeks and 2 years following knee reconstruction. The tibiofemoral contact patterns were examined for each group of subjects and the associations between changes in the contact patterns and evidence of joint damage explored. Evidence of joint damage and severity of osteoarthritis were recorded from xrays, diagnostic MRI, operation reports and bone densitometry at the tibial and femoral condyles of the knee. Each of the three groups with knee pathology exhibited different characteristics in the tibiofemoral contact pattern, and these differences were associated with severity of joint damage and osteoarthritis. The recently ACL-injured knees demonstrated a tibiofemoral contact pattern that was posterior on the tibial plateau, particularly in the lateral compartment. Those with chronic ACL deficiency demonstrated differences in the contact pattern in the medial compartment, associated with severity of damage to the knee joint. Osteoarthritic knees showed reduced femoral roll back and longitudinal rotation that normally occur during knee flexion. Two years following knee reconstruction there was no difference between the contact pattern of the reconstructed and healthy contralateral knees. This technique of tibiofemoral contact pattern mapping is sensitive to the abnormal characteristics of kinematics in ligament injury and osteoarthritis. This is the first time the tibiofemoral contact characteristics of chronic ACL-deficient and osteoarthritis knees have been described and links examined between tibiofemoral contact patterns and degenerative change.
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Scarvell, Jennifer. "Kinematics and degenerative change in ligament-injured knees." University of Sydney, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/4139.
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Doctor of PhilosophyThe aim of the work presented in this thesis was to examine the associations between the kinematics of the knee characterised by the tibiofemoral contact pattern, and degenerative change, in the context of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury. While the natural history of degenerative change following knee injury is well understood, the role of kinematics in these changes is unclear. Kinematics of the knee has been described in a variety of ways, most commonly by describing motion according to the six degrees of freedom of the knee. The advantage of mapping the tibiofemoral contact pattern is that it describes events at the articular surface, important to degenerative change. It was hypothesised that the tibiofemoral contact pattern would be affected by injury to the knee. A model of ACL injury was chosen because the kinematics of the knee have been shown to be affected by ACL injury, and because the majority of chronic ACL-deficient knees develop osteoarthritis, the associations between kinematics and degenerative change could be explored. A technique of tibiofemoral contact pattern mapping was established using MRI, as a quantifiable measure of knee kinematics. The tibiofemoral contact pattern was recorded from 0º to 90º knee flexion while subjects performed a leg-press against a 150N load, using sagittal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans. The technique was tested and found to be reliable, allowing a description of the tibiofemoral contact pattern in 12 healthy subjects. The tibiofemoral contact patterns of knee pathology were then examined in a series of studies of subjects at a variety of stages of chronicity of ligament injury and osteoarthritis. Twenty subjects with recent ACL injury, 23 subjects with chronic ACL deficiency of at least 10 years standing, and 14 subjects with established osteoarthritis of the knee were recruited. The 20 subjects with recent ACL injury were examined again at 12 weeks and 2 years following knee reconstruction. The tibiofemoral contact patterns were examined for each group of subjects and the associations between changes in the contact patterns and evidence of joint damage explored. Evidence of joint damage and severity of osteoarthritis were recorded from xrays, diagnostic MRI, operation reports and bone densitometry at the tibial and femoral condyles of the knee. Each of the three groups with knee pathology exhibited different characteristics in the tibiofemoral contact pattern, and these differences were associated with severity of joint damage and osteoarthritis. The recently ACL-injured knees demonstrated a tibiofemoral contact pattern that was posterior on the tibial plateau, particularly in the lateral compartment. Those with chronic ACL deficiency demonstrated differences in the contact pattern in the medial compartment, associated with severity of damage to the knee joint. Osteoarthritic knees showed reduced femoral roll back and longitudinal rotation that normally occur during knee flexion. Two years following knee reconstruction there was no difference between the contact pattern of the reconstructed and healthy contralateral knees. This technique of tibiofemoral contact pattern mapping is sensitive to the abnormal characteristics of kinematics in ligament injury and osteoarthritis. This is the first time the tibiofemoral contact characteristics of chronic ACL-deficient and osteoarthritis knees have been described and links examined between tibiofemoral contact patterns and degenerative change.
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PEÑA, VANESSA NICOLE. "KNEE INJURIES IN FEMALE SOCCER PLAYERS: A FOCUS ON THE ACL." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/613415.
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Knee injuries are extremely prevalent in high pivoting sports such as soccer, with non-contact anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries being the most common. Female athletes are up to eight times more likely to experience ACL injuries compared to males. The purpose of this study was to investigate the possible reasons why females are so much more likely to experience ACL injuries and identify methods which can be used to prevent such injuries. A review of textbooks and articles regarding the anatomy and biomechanics of the knee was conducted followed by a review of articles on the topic of anatomical, biomechanical, neuromuscular, and hormonal differences between males and females. This investigation identified multiple risk factors under each category which place females at an increased risk of ACL tear. A later review of the diagnosis and treatment showed that ACL injuries are the most well understood of the major ligament tears which occur in the knee. Treatment options include non-operative methods and surgical methods, depending on the patient and extent of the injury. Finally, a review of the literature regarding prevention programs demonstrated that it is possible to decrease the risk of ACL injury in females through neuromuscular and biomechanical training.
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Pretorius, Jaco. "The effect of fatigue protocols on knee control during functional activities." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/96861.
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Thesis (MScPhysio)--Stellenbosch University, 2015.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Introduction ACL injuries are among the most serious injuries that professional and amateur sports men and women sustain. More than 120 000 ACL injuries occur annually in the USA alone. The highest incidence of ACL injuries are seen in multi-directional and multi-factorial sports such as soccer, basketball, lacrosse, American football, rugby and Australian rules football. It is hoped that the proposed review will clarify issues relating to the effect of fatigue on knee control, as it will focus on multiple movements found in different sporting codes. By including both studies on healthy adults as well as subjects who have sustained ACL injuries, a clearer picture can be formed on the global effect of fatigue on knee control. Objective The objective of this review was to identify, collate and analyse the current evidence on the effect of fatigue protocols on knee control during functional tasks, such as side-stepping, bilateral jumping/landing and crossover-cutting. Methodology A comprehensive search of electronic databases was conducted between April 2013 and August 2013 (updated in April 2014) for eligible articles for inclusion in the review. Methodological quality was assessed using a modified Downs and Black checklist. Results Ten studies met the eligibility criteria and were included in the review. The included studies reported a wide variety of fatigue protocols. Several different test movements were utilised in the studies. The test movements included cutting movements, drop jumps, stop jumps, vertical jumps, bilateral drop landing and rotational movements. The overall results indicated that fatigue had a negative impact on knee control. There were however studies which reported conflicting results. Gender differences were also highlighted in the results of included studies where it became evident that females tend to be more susceptible to knee injuries due to altered kinematics as a result of fatigue. Conclusion Fatigue generally seems to affect knee control negatively across various fatigue protocols. Future research should investigate using a standardised fatigue protocol to achieve more accurate and consistent results during the different functional activities.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Nie beskikbaar
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Dahlkvist, N. J. "Objective evaluation of knee stability with particular reference to ligamentous and meniscal injuries." Thesis, University of Leeds, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.378041.
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de, Roos Jordy Anterio. "Conversion of the Knee Osteoarthritis Outcome Score – Physical Shortform into a Video Format." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/29255.
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Introduction
Patient Reported Outcome Measures (PROMs) are an integral part of evidence-based medicine and provide the necessary information for clinicians to make decisions in patient management. The Knee Osteoarthritis Outcome Score-Physical Function Short Form (KOOS-PS) was developed to assess patients’ perception of their knee’s function. Yet, there are cultural and language barriers, when implementing PROMs in a setting for which it was not originally designed, particularly in low-middle income countries with low levels of education. To address these challenges, the study introduces a video version of the KOOS-PS with the aim to validate it in a local setting.
Methods
This is a validation study of a video version of the KOOS-PS against various other knee scores. The KOOS-PS was converted into videos and a Likert scale in form of icons was used as grading system. The videos were reviewed by a panel for acceptance and comprehensibility. Second, the video score was tested in a prospective study against other internationally accepted and validated knee PROMs. Patients were recruited from both the public and private sectors of healthcare. Descriptive statistics, Pearson’s correlation coefficient and Cronbach’s Alpha were used for psychometric testing.
Results
The mean time taken to complete the video score was 79 seconds. Internal consistency received an excellent Cronbach’s Alpha of 0.89. Reproducibility received a Pearson Correlation Coefficient of r=0.91 which illustrates there was no significant difference. Pearson Correlation coefficients between the converted video score and other validated scores indicated high correlation.
Conclusion
This is the first validation study that converts a written PROM into a video format. The results show that the video score is reliable, acceptable, and valid, and can therefore be used in clinical practice.
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Aderem, Jodi. "The biomechanical risk factors associated with preventing and managing iliotibial band syndrome in runners : a systematic review." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/96803.
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Thesis (MScPhysio)--Stellenbosch University, 2015.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Introduction: Iliotibial band syndrome (ITBS), an overuse injury, is the second most common running injury and the main cause of lateral knee pain in runners. Due to the increasing number of runners worldwide there has been an increase in its occurrence. Runners with ITBS typically experience symptoms just after heel strike at approximately 20°-30° of knee flexion (impingement zone) during the stance phase of running. A variety of intrinsic and extrinsic risk factors may be responsible for why some runners are more prone to developing symptoms during the impingement zone as opposed to others. Abnormalities in running biomechanics is an intrinsic risk factor which has been most extensively described in literature but little is known about its exact relationship to ITBS. Objectives: The purpose of this systematic review was to provide an up to date evidence synthesis of the biomechanical risk factors associated with ITBS. These risk factors may need to be considered in the prevention or management of ITBS in runners. A clinical algorithm is also presented. Methods: A systematic review with meta-analysis was conducted. An electronic search was performed in PubMed, PEDro, SPORTSDisc and Scopus of literature published up-until May 2014. Cross-sectional and cohort studies were eligible for inclusion if they evaluated the lower limb biomechanics of runners with ITBS or those who went onto developing it. All studies included in the review were methodologically appraised. Evidence was graded according to the level of evidence, consistency of evidence and the clinical impact. Data was described narratively using tables or narrative summaries where appropriate. A meta-analysis was conducted for biomechanical risk factors which were reported in at least two studies, provided that homogeneity in the outcomes and samples were present. Results: A total of 11 studies were included (1 prospective and 10 cross-sectional). Overall the methodological score of the studies was moderate. Increased peak hip adduction and knee internal rotation during the stance phase may predict the development of ITBS in female runners. These biomechanical risk factors may need to be screened for ITBS prevention, despite the evidence base being limited to a single study. Currently there is no conclusive evidence that any of the biomechanical parameters need to be considered when managing runners with ITBS. Stellenbosch University https://scholar.sun.ac.za iii Conclusion: Biomechanical differences may exist between runners with ITBS and those who may develop ITBS compared to healthy runners. Although a large variety of biomechanical risk factors were evaluated, the evidence base for screening or managing these risk factors for runners with ITBS is limited. This is due to a small evidence base, small clinical effect and heterogeneity between study outcomes and findings. Further prospective and cross-sectional research is required to ascertain if abnormalities in running biomechanics may be related to why runners develop ITBS or to ascertain which risk factors may be involved when managing these runners.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Inleiding: Iliotibiale-band-sindroom (ITBS), ’n besering vanweë oormatige gebruik, is die tweede algemeenste hardloopbesering en die hoofoorsaak van laterale kniepyn by hardlopers. Namate die getal hardlopers wêreldwyd toeneem, neem die voorkoms van hierdie toestand ook toe. Hardlopers met ITBS ervaar tipies simptome ná die hakslag met die knie ongeveer 20-30° gebuig (die wrywingsone of “impingement zone”) gedurende die staanfase van hardloop. Verskeie intrinsieke en ekstrinsieke risikofaktore kan ’n rol speel in waarom sommige hardlopers meer geneig is as ander om gedurende die wrywingsone simptome te ervaar. Abnormaliteite in hardloopbiomeganika is ’n intrinsieke risikofaktor wat reeds omvattend in die literatuur beskryf is. Tog is weinig bekend oor presies hoe dit met ITBS verband hou. Oogmerke: Die doel van hierdie stelselmatige ondersoek was om ’n sintese te bied van die jongste bewyse van die biomeganiese risikofaktore van ITBS. Hierdie risikofaktore kan dalk oorweeg word om ITBS by hardlopers te voorkom of te bestuur. ’n Kliniese algoritme word ook aangebied. Metodes: ’n Stelselmatige ondersoek is met behulp van meta-ontleding onderneem. PubMed, PEDro, SPORTSDisc en Scopus is elektronies deurgesoek vir literatuur wat tot en met Mei 2014 verskyn het. Deursnee en kohortstudies is ingesluit indien dit gehandel het oor die biomeganika in die onderste ledemate van hardlopers wat ITBS het of later ontwikkel het. Alle studies wat deel was van die ondersoek is metodologies geëvalueer. Bewyse is aan die hand van bewysvlak, bewyskonsekwentheid en kliniese impak beoordeel. Data is narratief beskryf met behulp van tabelle of narratiewe opsommings waar dit toepaslik was. ’n Meta-ontleding is onderneem waar biomeganiese risikofaktore in minstens twee studies aangemeld is, mits daar homogeniteit in die uitkomste sowel as die steekproewe was. Resultate: Altesaam 11 studies is ingesluit (een prospektief en tien deursnee). Die metodologiese telling van die studies was oorwegend gemiddeld. Verhoogde spitsheupadduksie en interne knierotasie gedurende die staanfase kan op die ontwikkeling van ITBS by vrouehardlopers dui. Hierdie biomeganiese risikofaktore kan dalk nagegaan word vir ITBS-voorkoming, al was die bewysbasis beperk tot ’n enkele studie. Daar is tans geen afdoende bewys dat enige van die biomeganiese parameters oorweeg behoort te word in die bestuur van langafstandatlete met ITBS nie. Gevolgtrekking: Daar bestaan dalk biomeganiese verskille tussen hardlopers wat ITBS het of kan ontwikkel en gesonde hardlopers. Hoewel ’n groot verskeidenheid biomeganiese risikofaktore beoordeel is, is die bewysbasis vir die toets of bestuur daarvan by atlete met ITBS beperk. Dít is vanweë die klein hoeveelheid bewyse, die klein kliniese impak, en heterogeniteit tussen studie-uitkomste en bevindinge. Verdere prospektiewe en deursneenavorsing word vereis om te bepaal of abnormaliteite in hardloopbiomeganika ’n rol kan speel in waarom langafstandhardlopers ITBS ontwikkel, of om vas te stel watter risikofaktore ter sprake kan wees in die bestuur van hierdie hardlopers.
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Kovaleski, John Edward. "Influence of age on rehabilitation after arthroscopic meniscectomy of the knee." Virtual Press, 1986. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/457956.
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Thigh muscle strength and endurance were measured following partial arthroscopic meniscectomy of the knee in 24 patients divided into group 1 (age < 20 yr), group 2 (age 24-40 yr), and group 3 (age > 50 yr). Subjects were studied during and after release from isokinetic rehabilitation. Isokinetic testing was performed at 1.04, 2.09, 3.14, 4.19, and 5.24 radians/second, with release from rehabilitation when quadriceps strength achieved 85% recovery of the non-surgical leg.No significant difference existed among the 3 groups in days from the time of surgery to the start of the first test or for the weeks to release from rehabilitation. Approximately 50% quadricep muscle strength loss was observed at the time of the initial isokinetic test. Quadriceps torque (mean + SE) measured in newton-meters for group 1 at the 1.04 rad/sec speed showed the surgical leg significantly weaker (P<0.001) than the non-surgical leg when tested at the initial test (101.6 +18.2 vs. 189.6 +17.2) and at release from rehabilitation (157.4 +13.3 vs. 176.3 +15.2). Torque measured at the other 4 speeds reached non-significance by the second or third week of rehabilitation. Isokinetic testing for groups 2 and 3 showed surgical leg strength significantly weaker (P<0.05) at the initial test and at week 1 of rehabilitation for the 5 testing speeds, with 85% return of strength by weeks 2 or 3. Strength recovery for all 3 groups showed no significant weakness between legs for hamstring torque after the initial or after the first week of rehabilitation. Percent of knee extensor torque achieved by the knee flexor muscles of the surgical leg for the 3 groups showed significantly greater (P<0.001) values only for the initial test at speeds 1.04 and 2.09 rad/sec. Measures of total work, average power, and endurance calculated from work tests showed little change in muscle endurance between legs.These data indicate that quadricep muscle function is negatively affected following arthroscopic meniscectomy. Release from rehabilitation when surgical to non-surgical leg strength is between 85% to 90X appears to be a valid measure for most patients, which indicates age alone does not appear to be a limiting factor in regaining strength.
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Al-Dadah, Oday Q. "Soft Tissue Knee Injuries : Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Proprioception a and clinical outcome measures." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.520274.
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Neethling-du, Toit Marle. "Ultrasound features of the deep infrapatellar bursa." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/1556.
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Thesis (MTech (Sports Science Radiology))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2006The knee is one ofthe most complicated joints in the body. The deep infrapatellar bursa being only a small water-pocket and forming a small part of the knee. The deep infrapatellar bursa can get inflamed and cause great discomfort, especially to professional sportsmen and -women. If such a inflammation is present, a common treament option are to inject a cortisone solution into the bursa for quick relieve and healing. This study was performed to investigate the specific ultrasound features of a normal deep infrapatellar bursa. Thus enableing more specific and accurate diagnosis of deep infrapatellar bursitis or not, which in turn leads to quicker recovery ofthe patients. A total of280 males and females from various population groups were recruited for the study. Subjects were categorized into different subgroups depending on their gender, ethnicity, competitiveness in sport, sport type practised and previous knee problems. These subgroups enabled a more individual specific DIB measurement. A high frequency ultrasound examination ofboth knees ofall recruits were performed. The deep infrapatellar bursa was located by slightly flexing the knee and applying not to much pressure with the probe whilst scanning. Three measurements, antero-posterio (AP), cranio-caudal (CC) and width measurements, were recorded ofeach individuals left and right deep infrapatellar bursa (DIB). The results ofthe DIB measurements were compared to results from a ultrasound study perfonned in Gennany and a favourable comparison could be made. MRI studies of the DIB performed in Turkey and Switzerland differed greatly from those of this study and Germany. This study could serve as a valuable source ofreference to sonographer, radiologist and orthopaedic surgeons when investigating the deep infrapatellar bursa. A statistical significant difference was shown for males having a larger DIB than female, for competitive sports people having a larger Dill than non-competitive sports people and also inactive people; and rugby players (as a sport type) have larger DIBs than cricketers, runners, soccer players and cyclists. Another surprising factor was the amazing ultrasound detection rate of the deep infrapatellar bursa, which allows for future easy and confident assessing of the DIB by ultrasound.
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Wallace, Linda S. "Self-efficacy expectations and functional ability in everyday activities in clients undergoing total knee arthroplasty." Virtual Press, 2000. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1180777.
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This longitudinal, descriptive study based on Bandura's self-efficacy theory (1977), examined the effects of educational activities on self-efficacy and of self-efficacy on functional ability in everyday activities in clients undergoing elective, primary, unilateral, total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Educational activities included: attending a joint replacement class and a physical therapy session, performing exercises, and reading educational materials. Other sources of client information were also discussed. Self efficacy was assessed regarding confidence in ability to perform activities required for discharge home. Cronbach's alpha for the self-efficacy scale was .94 (pre-education) and .81 (post-education). Functional ability in everyday activities was operationalized as length of hospital stay, discharge placement, and perceived health status. Perceived health status was assessed using the three-scale Western Ontario McMasters University Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC). Cronbach's alpha was: pain .85, joint stiffness .76, and physical function .94 (preoperatively); and pain .86, joint stiffness .80, and physical function .94 (postoperatively).Evidence was collected from a convenience sample of 31 participants: (a) when the process of scheduling surgery began; (b) before surgery, after the client had opportunities to participate in educational activities, and (c) approximately six weeks after surgery. The orthopedic surgeon and professional staff reviewed instruments for validity. Five clients reviewed the questionnaires for understandability and readability. Data were analyzed using Pearson r correlation coefficients, independent samples t-tests, analyses of variance and chi-square tests. An alpha level of .05 was designated as significant.Higher self-efficacy scores were associated with more expected benefits, previous TKA, and greater pain relief. Lower self-efficacy scores correlated with greater improvement in self-efficacy. Shorter lengths of hospital stay were associated with greater joint stiffness reduction, younger age and previous TKA. Discharge home was associated with younger age and living with someone else. Participants that were "very sure" of the need for TKA exhibited higher self-efficacy scores than participants that were "unsure". Improved outcomes were not associated with any one type of educational activity.This study highlighted the need for further refinement of context sensitive self-efficacy instruments, more sophisticated means of assessing the impact of an increasing array of information sources and more longitudinal studies with larger sample sizes.Department of Educational Leadership
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Visser-Maritz, Karien. "Knee kinematics during a single-leg drop-landing in sports participants with chronic groin pain." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/86507.
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Thesis (MScPhysio)--Stellenbosch University, 2014.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Introduction: Groin injuries are among the top six injuries in contact sports and may lead to career ending chronic pain. Research on the role of knee kinematics in developing chronic groin pain in sport is scarce. Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine if there are differences in knee kinematics during a single-leg drop-landing in sports participants with chronic groin pain compared to asymptomatic controls. Methodology: A descriptive study was conducted. Twenty active sports’ participants were recruited from soccer and rugby clubs situated around the Cape Peninsula area, Western Cape, South Africa. The three-dimensional (3D) knee kinematics of ten cases with chronic groin pain and ten asymptomatic controls was analysed. Knee kinematics was analysed in the FNB-3D Vicon Laboratory at Stellenbosch University, using an eight camera Vicon system. A positive adductor squeeze test was used as a diagnostic test to include cases with chronic groin pain. Each participant performed six single-leg drop landings. The main outcome measure was 3D knee kinematics at initial foot contact and at the lowest vertical position of the drop landing. The following sub-groups were analysed: seven unilateral groin pain cases compared to their seven matched controls; three bilateral groin pain cases where their most painful leg and least painful leg were compared to their matched controls, respectively. Descriptive statistical techniques were used for all outcome measures; means and standard deviations (SD) were calculated, followed by a Student’s t-test to determine significant differences between the cases and controls. For all outcomes with p-values equal to or below 0.05, the effect size was calculated using the Cohen’s D. Results: The findings of this study indicated a significant difference (p=0.0001) between cases with unilateral groin pain having less knee internal rotation compared to the controls at the lowest vertical position of the drop landing in the transverse plane. Significantly less internal rotation (p<0.0001), was also noted in the cases with bilateral groin pain (in the most painful leg and the less painful leg), although this was noted at foot contact. Cases with bilateral groin pain also had significantly (p<0.001) more knee varus (adduction) during the landing phase. Conclusion: Differences in knee kinematics between sports participants with chronic groin pain and asymptomatic controls were found. These findings imply that the knee joint should be included during assessment and rehabilitation of individuals suffering with chronic groin pain. Due to the cross-sectional study design of the current study, it cannot be stated for certain whether the knee kinematics noted in the groin pain group are causative or as a result of groin pain. Future prospective studies are thus recommended; these studies should focus on the effect of contralateral knee kinematics on the hip adductors and may include exploration of the muscular components during a single-leg drop landing.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Inleiding: Lies beserings is een van die top ses beserings in kontak sport en kan lei tot chroniese lies pyn en selfs die be-eindigging van ‘n sportloopbaan. Navorsing oor die rol van knie kinematika in die ontwikkeling van chroniese liesbeserings in sport is skaars. Doelwit: Die doel van hierdie studie was om te bepaal of daar verskille in die knie kinematika is tydens 'n enkel been val landing in sport deelnemers met chroniese lies pyn in vergelyking met gesonde kontroles. Metode: 'n Beskrywende studie was uitgevoer. Twintig aktiewe sport deelnemers is gewerf van rugby en sokker sportklubs geleë rondom die Kaapse Skiereiland, Wes-Kaap, Suid-Afrika. Die 3D knie kinematika van tien gevalle met chroniese lies pyn en tien asimptomatiese bypassende kontroles is ontleed. Knie kinematika was ontleed in die FNB-3D Vicon Laboratorium by die Universiteit van Stellenbosch, met behulp van 'n agt-kamera Vicon stelsel. 'n Positiewe Adduktor druk toets was gebruik as 'n diagnostiese toets om gevalle met chroniese lies pyn in te sluit. Om die knie kinematika te analiseer, het elke deelnemer ses enkel been val landings uitgevoer . Die belangrikste uitkomsmeting was 3D knie kinematika by die aanvanklike voet kontak en by die laagste vertikale posisie van die enkel-been val landing. Die volgende sub-groepe was ontleed: sewe unilaterale lies pyn gevalle in vergelyking met hul sewe bypassende kontroles; drie bilaterale lies pyn gevalle waar hul mees pynlike been, sowel as minder pynlike been onderskeidelik vergelyk was met hul bypassende kontroles. Beskrywende statistiese tegnieke was gebruik vir alle uitkoms maatreëls; gemiddeldes en standaardafwykings (SA) was bereken, gevolg deur 'n Studente’s t-toets om beduidende verskille tussen die gevalle en kontroles te bepaal. Vir al die uitkomste met p-waardes gelyk of onder 0.05, is die effekgrootte bereken deur die Cohen’s D. Resultate: Die bevindings van hierdie studie dui op 'n beduidende verskil (p=0,0001) tussen gevalle met unilaterale lies pyn met minder interne knie rotasie in vergelyking met die kontroles by die laagste vertikale posisie van die val landing in die dwars vlak. Aansienlik minder interne rotasie (p<0,0001), is ook opgemerk in gevalle met bilaterale lies pyn (in die mees pynlike been en die minder pynlik been), alhoewel tydens voet kontak. Gevalle met bilaterale lies pyn het ook betekenisvol (p <0.001) meer knie varus (adduksie) tydens die landingsfase gehad. Gevolgtrekking: Verskille bestaan in die knie kinematika tussen sport deelnemers met chroniese liesbesering pyn en gesonde kontroles. Hierdie bevindinge impliseer dat die knie behoort ingesluit te word tydens die assessering en rehabilitasie van individue met chroniese lies pyn. As gevolg van die deursnee-studie ontwerp van hierdie studie, kan dit nie bevestig word of die knie kinematika die oorsaak van die chroniese pyn is nie. Toekomstige voornemende studies word dus aanbeveel, hierdie studies moet fokus op die effek van die kinematika van die kontralaterale knie op die heup adduktore en kan moontlik die ondersoek van die spier kinetika tydens hierdie aktiwiteit insluit.
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Matthews, Sonya Lynn. "An evaluation of the efficacy of three functional de-rotational knee braces in controlling instabilities characteristic of an ACL deficiency /." Thesis, McGill University, 1990. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=59623.
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The purpose of this investigation was to objectively evaluate whether three functional de-rotational knee braces stabilize an anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) deficiency. The subject sample consisted of fifteen males and females with a unilateral ACL deficiency. The data for each subject was obtained using the Genucom Knee Analyzer. A right knee-left knee anterior laxity difference of 3mm or greater served as a subject inclusion parameter for protocol completion. The inclusion criteria reduced the subject sample to a total of eleven.The study consisted of a randomized block design. The experimental design consisted of three parts: (1) an investigation of translational stability, (2) an investigation of rotatory stability, and (3) a comparison between the three braces.
The analysis involved a one way ANOVA of the criterion variables; anterior laxity (ALAX), anterior midrange stiffness (AMRS), anterior endrange stiffness (AERS), internal laxity (ILAX), and translation of the lateral tibial plateau (TLTP).
The AMRS characteristics differed significantly (alpha = 0.05) at 20$ sp circ$ flexion. The results were the following: $-$10.00 $ pm$ 9.78 N/mm for brace 1, $-$2.86 $ pm$ 7.2 N/mm for brace 2 and $-$41.02 $ pm$ 14.79 N/mm for brace 3. The values evaluated for ALAX, AERS, ILAX, and TLTP profiles did not differ significantly between knee braces.
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Neethling-Du, Toit Merle. "Ultrasound features of the deep infrapatellar Bursa." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/2584.
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Thesis (MTech (Radiography))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2006.The knee is one of the most complicated joints in the body. The deep infrapatellar bursa being only a small water-pocket and forming a small part of the knee. The deep infrapatellar bursa can get inflamed and cause great discomfort, especially to professional sportsmen and -women. If such a inflammation is present, a common treament option are to inject a cortisone solution into the bursa for quick relieve and healing. This study was performed to investigate the specific ultrasound features of a normal deep infrapatellar bursa. Thus enableing more specific and accurate diagnosis of deep infrapatellar bursitis or not, which in turn leads to quicker recovery of the patients.
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Konrath, Jason Matthew. "A Morphological and Biomechanical Evaluation of the Semitendinosus and Gracilis After the Use of Hamstring Tendon for Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction." Thesis, Griffith University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/368183.
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Injuries to the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) are one of the most common knee injuries, with the majority occurring during non-contact manoeuvers such as side-stepping and single leg landing. Surgical intervention is generally required to restore stability to the tibiofemoral joint, unfortunately no perfect graft choice exists for reconstruction of the ACL, with all graft choices having potential advantages and disadvantages. The quadrupled hamstring autograft taken from the semitendinosus (ST) and gracilis (GR) muscles is a common choice for orthopaedic surgeons. However, harvest of the ST and GR tendons leads to post-operative donor muscle atrophy, as well as proximal retraction of the musculotendinous junction. This could in turn, have implications for tibiofemoral joint function, stability and loading. Thus, the overarching purpose of this thesis was to explore the morphological changes that occur to the donor muscles following tendon harvest and their biomechanical consequences.Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School of Allied Health
Griffith Health
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Durieux, Susan C. "An evaluation of three diagnostic tests for an anterior cruciate insufficiency /." Thesis, McGill University, 1989. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=55594.
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Walker, Archibald Brian. "A sports injury clinic : a five year experience." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.310348.
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Simmonds, Michael John. "Instantaneous center of rotation shifts in symptomatic anterior cruciate ligament deficient knee joints." Thesis, McGill University, 1990. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=60105.
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The purpose of this investigation was to document the influence of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) in controlling the dynamic interaction between the femur and tibia. Twenty subjects were initially selected to participate based on the results of arthroscopic and proprioceptive tests which established the presence of a uni-lateral, third degree rupture of the ACL. A spline function established the best fitting curve of the instant center (IC) coordinates obtained throughout the ROM. Displacement variables were extrapolated from joint rotation profiles generated from these coordinates. Abnormal displacement migrations of the IC parameter were demonstrated to occur in extension. Migration displacements evaluated between 30$ sp circ$ and 0$ sp circ$ shifted anteriorly 5.07 $ pm$ 1.86 mm for intact knees and 6.97 $ pm$ 2.06 mm for involved knees. This was determined to be significant at the 0.05 level of confidence and correlated well with clinical findings. Mean migration displacements evaluated in flexion (between 100$ sp circ$ and 70$ sp circ)$ were not found to differ significantly between knee conditions.
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Forsberg, Sandra, and Emilia Englund. "Fysioterapeuters syn på skadeförebyggande träning för knäskador inom fotboll : -en kvalitativ intervjustudie." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Åsenlöf: Fysioterapi, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-402287.
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Bakgrund: Fotboll är en av dom största sporterna i världen och en av de främsta i Sverige. Skador är relativt vanligt inom sporten där knäskador är en av de mest förekommande. Det finns mycket forskning som visar på att skadeförebyggande träning minskar skadeincidensen men få studier är gjorda på svenska fysioterapeuters syn gällande skadeförebyggande träning inom fotboll. Syfte: Syftet var att undersöka fysioterapeuters syn och erfarenheter av skadeförebyggande träning för knäskador inom fotboll hos fysioterapeuter anställda av svenska fotbollslag. Metod: En kvalitativ design användes. Fem semistrukturerade intervjuer genomfördes. Kvalitativ innehållsanalys användes vid bearbetning av data. Resultat: Studiens resultat visar att deltagarna har en varierad syn på skadeförebyggande träning. Fysioterapeuterna beskriver vikten av en god träningsplanering, träning av stabilitet och kontroll, neuromuskulär påkoppling samt tid till återhämtning. Vidare bör kunskap förmedlas till spelare och tränare kring skadeförebyggande träning för att öka implementeringen. Mental förberedelse ses också som en viktig faktor för att minska risken för skador. Fysioterapeuterna i studien kände alla till knäkontroll programmet och ansåg att det är ett väl utformat program med bra och lätta övningar men att det dock kan förkortas. Konklusion: Knäkontrollprogrammet, neuromuskulär uppvärmning och att spelarna har en god knäkontroll ses som viktiga aspekter inom skadeförebyggande träning. Fysioterapeuterna belyste mental förberedelse som en viktig faktor, vilket inte belysts i tidigare studier. Vidare studier behövs för att ytterligare undersöka betydelsen av mental förberedelse.Background: Soccer is one of the largest sports in the world and one of the foremost in Sweden. Injuries are common in the sport where knee injuries are one of the most common. Research shows that injury prevention reduces the injury incidence, but few studies have explored Swedish physiotherapists views on injury prevention in soccer. Purpose: The purpose was to investigate physiotherapists views and experiences of injury prevention for knee injuries, among physiotherapists employed by Swedish soccer teams. Method: A qualitative design was used. Five semi-structured interviews were conducted. Qualitative content analysis was used in data processing. Results: The result shows that the participants have a varied view of injury prevention. The physiotherapists describe the importance of good training planning, training of stability and control, neuromuscular control and time for recovery. Furthermore, knowledge should be communicated to players and coaches about injury prevention to increase implementation. Mental preparation is also seen as an important factor in reducing the risk of injury. The physiotherapists in the study all knew about the knee control program and felt that it is a well-designed program with good and simple exercises, but the program can be shortened. Conclusion: The knee control program, neuromuscular warm up and that players have good knee control are an important aspects of injury prevention. The physiotherapists emphasized mental preparation as an important factor, which was not emphasized in previous studies. Further studies are needed to investigate the importance of mental preparation.
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Ford, Kevin Ray. "CHANGES IN LONGITUDINALLY ASSESSED BIOMECHANICAL PARAMETERS RELATED TO INCREASED RISK OF ANTERIOR CRUCIATE LIGAMENT (ACL) INJURIES IN ADOLESCENT FEMALE AND MALE ATHLETES." UKnowledge, 2009. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/gradschool_diss/708.
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Females suffer anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries at a 2 to 10-fold greater rate compared to male athletes participating in similar sports. Altered movement patterns and inadequate knee stiffness are two interrelated factors that may increase ACL injury risk. Onset of these neuromuscular risk factors may coincide with the rapid adolescent growth that results in the divergence of a multitude of neuromuscular parameters between sexes. The overall purpose of this dissertation was to determine if neuromuscular ACL injury risk factors in female athletes increase following rapid growth and development compared to males. Male and female athletes were tested with three-dimensional motion analysis techniques during a drop vertical jump over two consecutive years to determine if ACL injury risk factors increased. Pubertal females showed a significant longitudinal increase in knee abduction angle compared to post-pubertal females and both male groups. The increase in knee abduction angle appeared to remain consistent, as the post pubertal female cohort had greater overall knee abduction compared to post-pubertal males. Similar results were found with a greater magnitude of knee abduction moment in post-pubertal females compared to males. Males and females increased ankle, knee and hip active stiffness from the first to second year of testing. Ankle and hip stiffness were increased significantly more in the pubertal group compared to post-pubertal. Sex and maturational group differences were found in hip and ankle joint stiffness. Post-pubertal males had significantly greater hip stiffness than the other groups (even when normalized to body mass). This indicates that post-pubertal males utilized a different neuromuscular strategy during landing. Males had a significantly greater increase from year to year in vertical jump height compared to females. Vertical jump height is often related to a measure of whole body power and indicates that males had a significant neuromuscular spurt compared to females. Early puberty appears to be a critical phase related to the divergence of increased ACL injury risk factors. Injury prevention programs that focus on neuromuscular training may be beneficial to help address the development of ACL injury risk factors that occur in female athletes during maturation.
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Ebert, Jay Robert. "Post-operative load bearing rehabilitation following autologous chondrocyte implantation." University of Western Australia. School of Sport Science, Exercise and Health, 2008. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2008.0196.
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[Truncated abstract] Autologous Chondrocyte Implantation (ACI) has shown early clinical success as a repair procedure to address focal articular cartilage defects in the knee, and involves isolating and culturing a patient's own chondrocytes in vitro and re-implantation of those cells into the cartilage defect. Over time, repair tissue can develop and remodel into hyaline-like cartilage. A progressive partial weight bearing (PWB) program becomes the critical factor in applying protection and progressive stimulation of the implanted cells, to promote best chondrocyte differentiation and development, without overloading the graft. The aim of this thesis was to investigate whether patients could replicate this theoretical load bearing model to possibly render the best quality tissue development. In addition, this proposed external load progression is only a means to loading the articular surface. Several factors, including those that may result from pathology, have the potential to influence gait patterns, and therefore, articular loading. The association between increasing external loads (ground reaction forces - GRF) and knee joint kinetics during partial and full weight bearing gait was, therefore, investigated in the ACI patient group, as was the contribution of other gait variables to these knee joint kinetics which may be modified by the clinician. Finally, current weight bearing (WB) protocols have been based on early ACI surgical techniques. With advancement in the surgical procedure and ongoing clinical experience, we employed a randomised controlled clinical trial to assess the effectiveness of an 'accelerated' load bearing program, compared with the traditionally 'conservative' post-operative protocol. ... Although similar spatio-temporal, knee kinematic and external loading parameters were observed between the traditional and accelerated rehabilitation groups, the accelerated group was 'more comparable' to the controls in their external knee adduction and flexion moments, where the traditional group had lower knee moments. Knee moments greatly affect knee articular loading, and large adduction moments have been related to poor clinical outcomes after surgery. Therefore, the return of normal levels may be ideal for graft stimulation, however, may overload the immature chondrocytes. Acceleration of the intensive rehabilitation program will enable the patient to return to normal activities earlier, whilst reducing time and expenses associated with the rehabilitative process, and may enhance long-term tissue development. However, continued follow-up is required to determine if there are any detrimental effects that may emerge as a result of the accelerated load bearing program, and assess the recovery of normal gait patterns and whether longer term graft outcomes are affected by the recovery time course of normal gait function, and/or abnormal loading mechanics in gait. Furthermore, analysis at all levels of PWB is needed to identify a more complete set of variables attributing to the magnitude of external knee joint kinetics and, therefore, knee articular loading, while the influence muscle activation patterns may have on articular loading needs to be investigated. This becomes critical when you consider loads experienced by the articular surface throughout the early post-operative period following ACI may be important to short- and long-term graft development.
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Rahimi, Seyed Mohsen. "Reflexes elicited by per-cutaneous stimulation of the medial and lateral ligaments of the knee." Thesis, Connect to e-thesis, 2007. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/520/.
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Thesis (Ph.D.) - University of Glasgow, 2007.Ph.D. thesis submitted to the Division of Neuroscience and Biomedical Systems, Faculty of Biomedical and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, 2007. Includes bibliographical references. Print version also available.
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Koperna, Lisa. "Sport-Related Concussion and Lower Extremity Musculoskeletal Injuries in High School Athletes." ScholarWorks, 2018. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/4740.
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Sport-related injuries (SRI) can be foreseen and averted when mechanisms and risk factors are completely understood. An appreciation of the relationship between sport-related concussion (SRC) and lower extremity musculoskeletal injuries (LEMI) is emerging amid professional and collegiate athletes. However, findings of such a relationship in adults may not be generalizable to younger populations, and the literature has not addressed this relationship in adolescents. The purpose of this cross-sectional quantitative study was to examine the relationship between SRC and LEMI in high school athletes. The dynamic model of etiology in sport injury provided the study's conceptual framework. A de-identified secondary dataset of high school athletic injuries was obtained from the Athletic Training Practice Based Rehab Network and analyzed with descriptive and inferential statistics. Concussions, knee sprains, and ankle sprains represented about 12%, 17%, and 70%, respectively, of the 1,613 cases in the dataset. Chi-square tests revealed that SRCs, and the number of SRCs, were associated with knee sprains [(p < .001), Cramer's V = .148] and ankle sprains [(p < .001), Cramer's V = .545]. This study may promote positive social change by prompting further retrospective and prospective studies to clarify whether a relationship exists between SRC and LEMI in high school athletes, and if so, whether this relationship is causal in nature. New knowledge may be used to guide practices and policies to reduce sports injuries in high school athletes, which may lead to fewer SRIs among adolescents, fewer school absences, more physical activity, and better health and well-being throughout the lifespan, thereby promoting a more active, productive, and healthy society.
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Wilson, Timm. "Effects of a modified straight leg raise on strength and muscle activity of the vastus medialis oblique in patients with patellofemoral malalignment." Virtual Press, 1993. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/865942.
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The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of a modified sitting position straight leg raise on vastus medialis oblique (VMO) strength and EMG activity as compared to a traditional straight leg raise. A total of twenty-three subjects were recruited for this study. The subjects were randomly assigned to one of the following groups: (group I) modified straight leg raise (MSLR), and (group II) straight leg raise (SLR). The exercise program was three weeks long. University procedures for the protection of human subjects were followed. The subjects began with a 5 minute warm-up on a Cybex stationary bike set at 90 revolutions / minute. The subject then had electrodes placed on the Vastus Lateralis (VL) and Vastus Medialis Oblique (VMO). A Macintosh computer was used to record the EMG data. The subject then performed a standard Cybex test for knee flexion and extension. The Cybex dynamometer was placed at the knee joint line, the chair back tilt was at 85 degrees, the hip, chest, and thigh restraints were all fastened. The subjects in group I (Modified sitting SLR) and II (SLR) then returned the next day for their first rehabilitation lesson. Each subject group then participated in their respected exercise program for a total of three weeks. After three weeks of rehabilitation, the subjects retested using the same procedures followed in the pretest. A two tailed t-test was used to determine significance of the difference between means of the two groups. No significant differences were found between the two groups.School of Physical Education
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Cochrane, Jodie L. "Training to alter the risk of anterior cruciate ligament injuries in sporting manoeuvres." University of Western Australia. School of Human Movement and Exercise Science, 2006. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2007.0035.
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[Truncated abstract] Anterior cruciate ligament injuries are a major problem in sport. The purpose of this thesis was to investigate the causative factors of ACL injuries and to study the effect of various types of lower-limb training on underlying neuromuscular mechanisms involved in stabilisation and risk of ACL injury. Investigation of the mechanisms was conducted on controlled balance and strength tests as well as in sporting manoeuvres. It was aimed to assess if the neuromuscular changes map over into the performance of sporting manoeuvres and if potential for loading on the ACL and risk of injury was reduced or exacerbated . . . ACL strain can be decreased through reduction in the applied loads and greater knee flexion. Further to this, muscle activation has the ability to reduce loading on the ACL through co-contraction and selective activation patterns. This thesis demonstrated differing neuromuscular adaptations from various training types that map over into the performance of sporting manoeuvres. The research indicated that the Balance-Training was the most favourable in reducing potential for injury risk on the ACL. Alternatively strength training elicited neuromuscular changes that were likely to increase the risk of force on the ACL. The Machine+Balance training resulted in some negative and positive outcomes with the balance training tending to counteract the negative affects of machine weights training resulting in small improvements in muscular support and load reduction. This study provides us with better understanding of the underlying mechanisms from various training types and their potential affect on risk of ACL injury.
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Boerem, David L. "Peak isokinetic torque of knee flexors and extensor muscles of college football players." Scholarly Commons, 1987. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/499.
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The problem of the study addressed knee injuries in college football. Imbalance of the musculature surrounding the knee would predispose the athlete to knee injury. Recognition of those who have muscular deficiencies would be a primary way of preventing knee injuries. The focus of the study was to determine if there was a significant difference in peak isokinetic torque of knee flexor and extensor muscles across speeds (60 degrees/second, 180 degrees/ second and 300 degrees/second) of a college football team subsequent to participation in a spring football season.
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Robertson, William Brett. "Functional and radiological evaluation of autologous chondrocyte implantation using a type I/III collagen membrane: from single defect treatment to early osteoarthritis." University of Western Australia. Orthopaedics Unit, 2007. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2007.0172.
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[Truncated abstract] Hyaline articular cartilage is a highly specialised tissue consisting of chondrocytes embedded in a matrix of proteoglycan and collagens. Hyaline articular cartilage withstands high levels of mechanical stress and continuously renews its extracellular matrix. Despite this durability, mature articular cartilage is vulnerable to injury and disease processes that cause irreparable tissue damage. Native hyaline articular cartilage has poor regenerative capacity following injury, largely due to the tissue's lack of blood and lymphatic supply, as well as the inability of native chondrocytes to migrate through the dense extracellular matrix into the defect site. Articular cartilage injuries that fail to penetrate the subchondral bone plate evoke only a short-lived metabolic and enzymatic response, which fails to provide sufficient new cells or matrix to repair even minimal damage. Clinically, it has previously been accepted that treatment of such defects does not result in the restoration of normal hyaline articular cartilage, which is able to withstand the mechanical demands that are placed on the joint during every day activities of daily living. ... Historically, rehabilitation following ACI has not kept pace with the advances in cell culture and surgical technique. Subsequently, there exists a significant gap in knowledge regarding `best practice' in post operative rehabilitation following ACI. The importance of structured rehabilitation in ACI should not be underestimated when evaluating the clinical success of this chondral treatment. Patients should not be left to their own devices following ACI surgery, as the risk of damage to their implant (via delamination) is high if immediate postoperative movement is not controlled. Furthermore, the biological longevity and clinical success of the graft is dependent on a controlled and graduated return to ambulation and physical activity, and the biomechanical stimulation of the implanted chondrocytes.
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Zolog, Cristina [Verfasser], and Adrian [Akademischer Betreuer] Skwara. "Acoustic Emission Measurement System in Diagnostic of Cartilage Injuries of the Knee / Cristina Zolog. Betreuer: Adrian Skwara." Marburg : Philipps-Universität Marburg, 2011. http://d-nb.info/1013256298/34.
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Schriml, Carla M. "Exploring the impact of an imagery/relaxation program on athletes with a knee injury requiring surgery." Virtual Press, 2000. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1178349.
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The primary purpose of this study was to examine the impact of an imagery/relaxation program on athletes with a surgical knee injury. More specifically the study examined changes in state and trait anxiety, locus of control, and attitude/opinion as a result of the imagery/relaxation program. A qualitative design was used to allow for an in-depth examination into each participant's behavior. Since a qualitative design was utilized, the procedures were slightly different for each participant.The following is a general outline for the procedures used. One week prior to surgery the participant was taught progressive relaxation. One week post-surgery the participant was administered the STAI, LCRS, and ERAIQ. The participant was also given a different imagery/relaxation script each week to rehearse beginning one week post-surgery to 11 weeks post-surgery. The participant also completed journal worksheets weekly. At each session the researcher asked interview questions. Twelve weeks post-surgery the participant was given the STAI, LCRS, ERAIQ, and exit questionnaire. Due to the lack of adherence to the program there were no conclusive results.School of Physical Education
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Jonsson, Per. "Eccentric training in the treatment of tendinopathy." Doctoral thesis, Umeå : Sports Medicine, Umeå university, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-25856.
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Bogner, Jo-Anne Lesley Lee. "Discrimination between sincere and deceptive isokinetic knee extension response using segmental curve analysis." Thesis, This resource online, 1991. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-08182009-040334/.
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Alzhrani, M. M. "Biomechanical measures of lower limb variability, and prediction of non-contact knee injuries risk factors in male athletes." Thesis, University of Salford, 2018. http://usir.salford.ac.uk/46330/.
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Introduction: Football is one of the most popular sports played globally. Male players constitute 82% of football players around the world. As the number of football players increases, we expect more sports injuries to occur. Knee ligament injuries, such as Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL), are considered one of the most devastating injuries because of the consequences from the resulting damage. A large proportion of these injuries result from a non-contact mechanism. Some of the biomechanical risk factors in non-contact injuries are considered modifiable, therefore it is important to understand the mechanism of injury to modify it to be able to reduce or prevent the injuries. Also, recent studies have suggested that movement variability should be considered a potential source of information for analysis in monitoring athletes’ biomechanical performance. The aims of this thesis are to assess the performance and performance-variability of frontal plane projection angle (FPPA) and hip adduction angle difference between legs and over season, and its relationship with injury. Methodology: After assessing the validity and reliability of FPPA and hip adduction angle during single leg squat (SLS) and single leg landing (SLL) tasks, in a separate study with 15 healthy subjects, using the 2D technique, both tasks were found to be adequately valid and reliable in examining the lower limb kinematics. The main study then was done on 90 male professional footballers with the average age of 18.8±4 years, height 179.2±6 cm, and weight 73.3±6 kg, using SLS and SLL tasks to assess the performance and performance-variability of FPPA and hip adduction angle. The difference of performance and performance-variability of individual lower-limb kinematics (FPPA and hip angle) between legs and throughout the sports season (one year) were examined. Non-contact knee ligament injuries were also recorded. Then, the relationship between lower-limb kinematics (FPPA and hip angle) and injuries were investigated prospectively. Results: The performance of the dominant leg was found to be significantly more valgus (greater FPPA) than the non-dominant leg for both tasks in all screening sessions (-1.69° to -5.02° vs. 2.54° to -2.30°), but there was no difference in the hip adduction angle between legs (SLS, 73.15° to 73.47° vs. 74.53° to 75.85°; SLL, 80.91° to 83.55° vs. 81.58° to 85.39°). The overall performance of SLL FPPA (p = 0.01–0.0005) and hip angle (p = 0.0005) changed significantly over the collection time points. The difference in performance-variability between legs was not statistically significant for either FPPA or hip adduction angle in all of the screening sessions (p = 0.08–0.89), except for FPPA in the start-of-season screening. The performance-variability in FPPA and hip adducting angle were consistent over time (throughout the season) in both SLS and SLL (p = 0.13–0.61). Seven non-contact knee ligament injuries out of 75 total lower-limb injuries were reported. Therefore, a prediction analysis was not reported due to the limited obtained injuries. A descriptive analysis was carried out alternatively where injured legs performance and performance-variability showed similar actual scores in both tasks. However, after injury, a statistical test showed that the injured group’s performance of SLS and SLL did not change (p = 0.38–1), whereas the uninjured group’s performance of SLL did change significantly (p = 0.0005). The performance-variability of SLS and SLL did not change for both groups (p = 0.27–1), injured and uninjured. Conclusion: The difference of FPPA performance between legs in both tasks suggests that both legs need to be examined independently when assessing the lower-limb kinematics, rather than one leg alone or using bilateral tasks. Also, the change in FPPA and hip adduction angle over the sports season during SLL suggests that examining the lower-limb kinematics should be done regularly throughout the sport season due to the change of performance, rather than at one occasion. Also, it suggests that the SLL task is more sensitive than that of the SLS in detecting performance change. With regard to the performance-variability, it is unlikely to have a significant impact on overall performance. Finally, in light with predicting the non-contact knee ligament injuries using the 2D technique, larger number of injuries is needed to study this point.
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Nusia, Jiota. "Evaluation of Knee Ligament Injuries in Occupants of Heavy Goods Vehicles by Simulating Frontal Impacts using THUMS HBM." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för kemi, bioteknologi och hälsa (CBH), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-262667.
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INTRODUCTION. Frontal collisions have been observed to cause the severe injuries on heavy goods vehicle occupants, and the lower extremities have been frequently injured. Injuries of knee joints are rarely life threatening, however they tend to give long-term consequences. AIM. Evaluate non-lethal frontal impacts towards the knee joint of Total Human Model for Safety (THUMS) v4.0 using a cylindrical barrier. The main objectives are to 1) create local injury risk functions of the knee ligaments restraining frontal impacts, 2) simulate frontal impacts towards the knee joints of THUMS and3) prepare the Hybrid III (HIII)-model for corresponding frontal impacts conducted on THUMS. The intention is for future HIII-simulations to be cross-correlated with the responses from THUMS for the ability to estimate knee ligament strains by investigating impacts on HIII. METHODS. 1) Ligament risk curves of PCL, MCL and LCL were formulated by assembling mean strain threshold values and standard deviations from literature. Virtual values were generated from these pooled strain thresholds, creating the risk curves. 2) THUMS lower body was impacted by a cylindrical steel barrier at four different locations - middle of patella, middle of knee joint, upper tibia and below tibia tuberositas. Four impact velocities ranging from 8-14 km/h were used at each location, giving a total of 16 impacts. 3) The HIII-model was prepared by removing the upper body and inserting the cylindrical steel barrier into the model file. RESULTS. The strain threshold at 50% rupture risk for PCL resulted in 23.6±4.4%, 34.2±6.0% for MCL and 26.6±6.5% for LCL. The simulated THUMS PCL strains reached between 36%-58% for the highest velocity at the impact locations where tibia was involved. Both MCL and LCL gave an approximate 5% strain outcome. The resultant knee displacement for these impacts ranged between 22 mm - 32 mm. The knee displacements at the PCL strain threshold ranged between 14 mm - 16 mm. DISCUSSION and CONCLUSION. Most of the maximal PCL strains exceeded the PCL threshold with large margins. However, the knee displacement at the PCL strain threshold resulted in outcomes comparable to the thresholds used for HIIImodel. These results supported the obtained PCL threshold to be within a reasonable range.
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Monteiro, Jone Maycon [UNESP]. "Correlação de parâmetros biomecânicos do salto vertical em jogadores de futebol." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/143499.
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O futebol é o esporte mais popular do mundo. Cada vez mais se tem buscado ferramentas para otimizar a performance e diminuir a incidência de lesões nesse esporte. Nessa tentativa a biomecânica se mostra de grande valia e vem cada vez mais sendo utilizada. No futebol o joelho é comum haver lesão do ligamento cruzado anterior, levando a um grande período de afastamento, além de outros problemas que tiram um atleta de jogos, ou até o faz encerrar a carreira precocemente. O objetivo desse projeto de pesquisa é, por meio de instrumentação biomecânica, correlacionar características potencialmente lesivas dos membros inferiores de jogadores profissionais de futebol durante o salto vertical unipodal. Este estudo contou com dados de 5 atletas, referentes a um salto vertical unipodal sobre uma plataforma de força e com canais de eletromiografia nos músculos glúteo médio e vasto medial do quadríceps, simultaneamente a uma filmagem, em dois planos, para posterior análise cinemática. Na fase de impulsão, obteve-se, no momento de agachamento máximo, uma correlação da altura de 63% com a flexão de quadril, e de 80% com a flexão de joelho. A taxa de crescimento da força apresentou uma correlação negativa de 89% com a porcentagem de ativação do glúteo médio. Na fase de aterrissagem, no momento de agachamento excêntrico máximo, registrou-se que, o ângulo Q apresentou correlação proporcional de 90% com a flexão de joelho. A taxa de crescimento da aterrissagem apresentou uma relação proporcional de 70% com a flexão de quadril, de 97% coma força máxima de aterrissagem, e uma correlação negativa de 67% com a porcentagem de ativação do glúteo médio. A altura apresentou uma correlação proporcional de 67% com a força máxima de aterrissagem. A força máxima de aterrissagem, apresentou uma correlação proporcional com a flexão de quadril de 67%, e correlação negativa com a porcentagem de ativação do vasto medial, 67%, e glúteo médio, 76%. Os maiores percentuais de ativação de glúteo médio e vasto medial tiveram uma correlação de 97%.
Football is the most popular sport in the world. Tools have been sought to optimize the performance and reduce the incidence of injuries in this sport. Biomechanics shows itself of great value and it is increasingly being used. In football, the anterior cruciate ligament, for example, has a high incidence, leading to a long period of absence, and other problems that take off a game player, or even finish his career earlier. The objective of this research was, through biomechanical instrumentation, correlating potentially injurious characteristics of the lower limbs of professional soccer players during one-leg vertical jump. This study had data from five athletes of a single leg vertical jump on a force plate and with electromyography channels in the gluteus medius and vastus quadriceps while a shooting in two plans for further kinematic analysis. In the impulsion phase, obtained at the time of maximum squat, the height has a correlation of 63% with the hip flexion, and of 80% proportional with the knee flexion. The growth rate of force showed a negative correlation of 89% with the gluteus medius activation percentage. On the landing stage in the most eccentric squats time, it was registred that the Q angle showed correlation of 90% with knee flexion. The growth rate of the landing showed a proportional relationship with 70% hip flexion, 97% with the maximum force of landing, and a negative proportional correlation of the 67% with the gluteus medius activation percentage. The height presented a proportional correlation of 67% with a maximum force of landing. The maximum force of landing presented a proportional correlation with the hip flexion of 67%, and negative correlation to the percentage of the vastus activation, 67%, and gluteus medius, 76%. The highest percentages of gluteus medius and vastus activation had a correlation of 97%.
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Monteleone, Gina Marie. "The effects three different anterior knee pain treatments have on strength and performance." Virtual Press, 1999. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1129635.
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The purposes of this study is to determine: (a) the relationship between the dependant variables, (b) the relationship between the Borg pain scale and the performance tests, (c) the difference in performance between involved and uninvolved extremities, and (d) the effects of the three different therapeutic exercise treatments on selected performance tests and pain free isometric strength testing. Fifty subjects with physician diagnosed anterior knee pain (AKP), completed initial performance testing and 14 subjects completed initial testing, therapy and six weeks later final performance testing. The 14 subjects were randomly assigned to one of three therapeutic exercise treatment groups. The performance tests included; pain free isometric strength tests (90, 60, 45, and 15 degrees knee flexion), stair test, timed hop, triple hop, crossover hop, Figure 8 and Borg pain scale rating for each performance test. The results indicated a significant correlation between performance tests and pain free isometric strength tests. There was no relationship indicated between the performance tests, Borg pain scale ratings. The contrast between the injured and uninjured extremities performance test values of the fifty subjects that completed the initial testing indicated no significant (p< 0.05) difference. The results of this study indicated that there was no significant difference between the therapeutic exercise treatment groups. In conclusion, the three anterior knee pain treatments had no effect on strength and performance.School of Physical Education
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Mikkelsen, Christina. "Rehabilitation following bone-patellar tendon-bone graft ACL reconstruction /." Stockholm, 2006. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2006/91-7140-913-0/.
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Basey, Adriana L. "Effects of a traditional and modified straight straight leg raise on EMG characteristics." Virtual Press, 1997. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1048378.
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The purpose of this study was to determine the vastus medialis oblique muscular electromyographical (EMG) activity during two therapeutic exercises: the modified straight leg raise and the traditional straight leg raise. Two subject groups of 10 subjects each, one with anterior knee pain (PHY) and the other group with no history of patellofemoral pathology (NORM), performed the traditional straight leg raise (SLR) and a modified straight leg raise with external hip rotation (MOD). Each subject performed an isometric maximum voluntary contraction and three trials of each of the two therapeutic exercises. The EMG variables analyzed were the percent of the maximum voluntary contraction for each muscle, vastus medialis oblique, vastus lateralis, and rectus femoris: the percent of the maximum voluntary contraction of the ratio between the vastus medialis oblique and the vastus lateralis; the percent of the maximum voluntary contraction for the integrated EMG for each muscle; and the percent of the maximum voluntary contraction for the root mean square for each muscle. The statistical analysis was conducted with two-way analysis of variance procedures. The statistical analysis revealed no significant differences; however, the data appeared to illustrate a trend toward more electromyographical activity in the vastus medialis oblique in the PHY subject group during the MOD therapeutic exercise. This suggests that the MOD therapeutic exercise may be able to isolate the vastus medialis oblique muscle in persons with anterior knee pain and allow them to regain strength and normal function earlier than with the use of the SLR therapeutic exercise.School of Physical Education
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Leibbrandt, Dominique Claire, and Quinette Louw. "The effect of McConnell taping on knee biomechanics : what is the evidence?" Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/96949.
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Thesis (MScPhysio)--Stellenbosch University, 2015.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This review aims to present the available evidence for the effect of McConnell taping on knee biomechanics in individuals with Anterior Knee Pain (AKP). Pubmed, Medline, Cinahl, Sportdiscus, Pedro and Science Direct electronic databases were searched from inception until September 2014. Experimental research into knee biomechanical or EMG outcomes of McConnell taping compared to no tape or placebo tape were included. Two reviewers completed the searches, selected the full text articles and assessed the risk of bias of eligible studies. Authors were contacted for missing data. Eight heterogeneous studies with a total sample of 220 were included in this review. All of the studies had a moderate to low risk of bias and compared taping to no tape and/ or placebo tape. Pooling of data was possible for three outcomes; average knee extensor moment, average VMO/VL ratio and average VMO-VL onset timing. None of these outcomes revealed significant differences. The evidence is currently insufficient to justify the routine use of the McConnell Taping technique in the treatment of Anterior Knee Pain. There is a need for more evidence on the aetiological pathways of Anterior knee Pain; level one evidence and studies investigating other potential mechanisms of McConnell taping.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die objektief van hierdie resensie was om te bepaal wat die effekte van McConnell Patellar Vasbinding is op knie kinematika, kinetiek en spier aktivering in diegene met Voorafgaande Knie Pyn (VKP). Die navorsers het elektroniese databases soos Pubmed, Medline, Cinahl, Sportdiscus, Pedro en Science Direct, van aanvang tot September 2014, ondersoek. Eksperimenteel studie ontwerpe wat biomeganiese of EMG gevolge van McConnell Vasbinding vergelyk met geen vasbinding of placebo vasbinding, is ingesluit. Twee resente het die ondersoek voltooi, die volle tekse artikels gekies en die partydigheid risiko van die ingeslote studies, geskat. Skrywers is gekontak vir enige verlore data. Agt heterogeen studies uit ‘n totalle monster van 220 is in hierdie resensie ingesluit. Al die studies het ‘n gematigde tot laag risiko vir eensydigheid en vergelyk vasbinding met geen of placebo vasbinding. Data saamvoeging was moontlik vir drie uitslae, naamlik: gemiddelde knie ekstensor moment; gemiddelde VMO/VL ratio en gemiddelde aanval tydmeting. Geen gevolge het veelseggende verskille of afwykings vertoon. Tans is die bewys nie genoegsaam om die routiene gebruik van McConnell Vasbinding tegniek te regverdig nie in die behandeling van VKP. Meer bewyslewering op die etiologiese paaie van VKP; Graad een bewys en studies wat ander moontlike meganisme van Mc Connell Vasbinding ondersoek, is noodsaaklik.