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ADRIEN KASANGA, LUANGA. "English in the Democratic Republic of the Congo." World Englishes 31, no. 1 (February 22, 2012): 48–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-971x.2011.01732.x.
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Kasanga, Luanga A. "English in advertising in Lubumbashi, Democratic Republic of Congo." World Englishes 38, no. 3 (August 28, 2019): 561–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/weng.12424.
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Lydy, Mumbembe, Madoda Cekiso, and Baba P. Tshotsho. "Language Factors Affecting the Katanga Language Spoken in the Democratic Republic of Congo." Journal of Sociology and Social Anthropology 7, no. 4 (October 2016): 207–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09766634.2016.11885718.
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Eyssette, Jérémie. "The Democratic Republic of the Congo’s Linguistic Temptation: A Comparative Analysis with Rwanda’s Switch-to-English." Journal of Asian and African Studies 55, no. 4 (November 8, 2019): 522–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021909619885974.
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The aim of this article is to assess whether the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DR Congo) is likely to upgrade the status of English by constitutional or educational means. Indeed, neighboring countries such as Rwanda and Burundi adopted English as their official language in 1996 and 2014, but less writing in English is devoted to a potential linguistic transition in DR Congo, the most populous French-speaking country. This article will gauge DR Congo and Rwanda against the four criteria that arguably triggered Rwanda’s switch-to-English: historical factors in current linguistic trends; the role of charismatic leaders in sudden language policy changes; language-in-education policies; and economic incentives. The results of this interdisciplinary investigation into the language dynamics of the Great Lakes region indicate that, reflecting the vehicles of DR Congo’s domestic and regional evolutions, its leaders might be tempted to enhance the status of English as an official language in a way that, contrary to Rwanda’s radical switch-to-English, is more compatible with other languages.
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Katabe, Isidore M., and Eustard R. Tibategeza. "Language-in-Education Policy and Practice in the Democratic Republic of Congo." European Journal of Language and Culture Studies 2, no. 1 (January 17, 2023): 4–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejlang.2023.2.1.58.
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This paper concentrates on the language-in-education policy and practice in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) particularly in Kalemie region. It intends to examine the practicality of language-in-education policy in schools and to examine the challenges pertaining to the implementation of the language of education policy. Data collection was done in four schools, two primary and two secondary schools in Kalemie region. The study employed a qualitative approach and the data were gathered through interviews, focus group discussions, observation and documentary review. Simple random sampling was used to get standard six pupils, form one students and teachers. The study employed the Proficiency Theory as a theory of bilingual education developed by Cummins. The study reveals that teachers from secondary schools use French language as a medium of instruction. It also indicates that language competence of the students is very weak. This is due to the transition from the national language, Kiswahili to French. The study notes that students are not comfortable with the medium of instruction, in this case French. It was discovered that, teachers face serious challenges on implementing the policy, such as students not being comfortable with the medium of instruction in the class, absence of teaching and learning materials, inadequate textbooks in schools, and lack of an organized library. However, the students indicated that, even if they have problems with French, they still prefer it to Kiswahili, since it is a language for their future job opportunities. The study recommends that there is a need for a political will to ensure the existence and growth of African languages and their position particularly in education.
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Hamann, Silke, and Nancy C. Kula. "Bemba." Journal of the International Phonetic Association 45, no. 1 (March 30, 2015): 61–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025100314000371.
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Bemba (also called Cibemba or Icibemba; ISO 639-3 codebem) is a Niger-Congo language belonging to the Central Narrow Bantu branch (Zone M in Guthrie's 1948, 1967–71 classification). Bemba is spoken in Zambia (mainly in the Northern, Luapula and Copperbelt provinces) and the Southern Democratic Republic of Congo by approximately 3.3 million speakers (Lewis, Simons & Fennig 2013). Our data are based on Bemba spoken in Zambia.
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Derrick Bushobole Akiba, Nicolas Mihuhi Rusati, Esther Dina Katibula, Henriette Mwavita Ruboneka, Augustin Rugoso Kapingu, Angèle Gendusa Butoto, Saili Stay Mushobekwa, and Floribert Makama Loni. "A scientometric analysis of HIV/AIDS research in the Democratic Republic of the Congo." World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews 21, no. 1 (January 30, 2024): 2405–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2024.21.1.0159.
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Objective: This is a scientometric study based on the analysis of the evolution of the literature on Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV/AIDS) in all its aspects in the specific context of the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) from 2007 to 2022. Methodology: This is a scientometric study. The data analyzed as part of this study are articles published on HIV/AIDS in the period from 2007 to 2022 in the context of the Democratic Republic of Congo. The following parameters were analyzed: years of publication, authors and their relationships, affiliations, journals of publications, the language of publications, keywords, association of publishing institutions, countries of publication and their relationship. Excel software and VOSViewer were used for data processing. Results: The study involved 56 articles published in several journals worldwide. The University of Kinshasa, the University of Lubumbashi and the National Multisectoral HIV/AIDS Program are the most important institutions in term of the number of articles. Five journals published more than one article. Some authors were identified as relevant because they were mentioned in more than one article, including Mandina, Mukuku, Situakibanza, Luboya and Amaele, while Situakibanza, followed by Mandina and Mukuku are those who have published more than other authors. In terms of contry's contributions, two contries were identified as more productive: the DR Cong in first place, followed by the United Stateds of America (USA). The keywords that were more mentioned are HIV/AIDS and DR Congo. Conclusion: In the last ten years, a development in HIV/AIDS research in DR Congo can be observed. Motivation of the study: It is essential to evaluate the evolution of research on HIV / AIDS (a formidable disease that is an endemic of international renown) in the specific context of the Democratic Republic of Congo. Main results: Several publications on HIV/AIDS were identified with strong collaboration between authors, countries and authors' affiliations. The DR Congo and the USA were the countries that participated most in the publications identified. Implication: This study will give future researchers an overview of existing research and emerging themes in HIV/AIDS in the Democratic Republic of Congo.
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RODRIGUES, BRUNO V. B., and CRISTINA A. RHEIMS. "An overview of the African genera of Prodidominae spiders: descriptions and remarks (Araneae: Gnaphosidae)." Zootaxa 4799, no. 1 (June 16, 2020): 1–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4799.1.1.
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A taxonomic revision of exclusively African genera of Prodidominae (Gnaphosidae), with the exception of Theuma, is provided. Austrodomus Lawrence, 1947 is revised. The type species A. zuluensis Lawrence, 1947 is redescribed, the male of A. scaber (Purcell, 1904) is described for the first time, and one new species, A. gamsberg sp. nov. (♂), is described from Namibia. Katumbea Cooke, 1964 is considered a junior synonym of Austrodomus and A. oxoniensis (Cooke, 1964) comb. nov. from Tanzania is redescribed. Eleleis Simon, 1893 is revised. The type species, E. crinita Simon, 1893, is redescribed and eight new species are described: E. limpopo sp. nov. (♂♀) from South Africa and Zambia, E. okavango sp. nov. (♂♀) from Botswana and Namibia, E. etosha sp. nov. (♂♀), E. himba sp. nov. (♂) and E. luderitz sp. nov. (♀) from Namibia, E. leleupi sp. nov. (♂) and E. haddadi sp. nov. (♀) from South Africa, and E. solitaria sp. nov. (♀) from Cape Verde. Purcelliana Cooke, 1964 is revised. The type species, P. problematica Cooke, 1964, is redescribed and three new species are described: P. kamaseb sp. nov. (♂♀) and P. khabus sp. nov. (♂♀) from Namibia, and P. cederbergensis sp. nov. (♂) from South Africa. Plutonodomus Cooke, 1964 is redescribed based solely on the type species, P. kungwensis Cooke, 1964. In addition, three new genera are described: Kikongo gen. nov., to include K. ruwenzori sp. nov. (♂♀) and K. buta sp. nov. (♂♀) from the Democratic Republic of the Congo (D.R. Congo), and K. rutshuru sp. nov. (♂♀) from D.R. Congo and Kenya; Kituba gen. nov., to include K. mayombensis sp. nov. (♂♀) and K. langalanga sp. nov. (♀) from D.R. Congo; and Yoruba gen. nov., to include Y. ibadanus sp. nov. (♂♀) from Nigeria and Y. toubensis sp. nov. (♂♀) from Ivory Coast. Distribution maps are provided for the species discussed in this study and an identification key is provided for all twelve genera of Prodidominae recorded in Africa.
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Kostelyanets, Sergey. "The Democratic Republic of the Congo: the Rise of Islamic Radicalism." Vostok. Afro-aziatskie obshchestva: istoriia i sovremennost, no. 3 (2023): 149. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s086919080024138-8.
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For over 60 years, the Democratic Republic of the Congo has been in a state of political instability. There are dozens of rebel groups in the DRC that fight against the government and among themselves for control of human and natural resources. However, despite the enduring military and political crisis, which mostly affects the eastern regions of the country, the religious factor entered the stage only in the 2010s due to the onslaught of the terrorist group Alliance of Democratic Forces (ADF), whose leaders in 2019 swore allegiance to the Islamic State and began to identify themselves as the Islamic State's Central Africa Province (ISCAP). The present paper discusses the main milestones of the transformation of the ADF, which initially did not have a clear ideological and political program or sufficient combat power for independent attacks, into a large terrorist organization that poses a serious security threat to the DRC, Uganda, and a number of other African countries. The authors employ the theoretical and analytical framework and the systemic-historical method to characterize the activities of the ADF and conclude that, firstly, the transformation of the group was motivated above all by financial gain and, secondly, the “mutually beneficial trade and economic cooperation” that takes place between the Islamists and local communities allows the group to carry out successful Islamization and recruitment of Congolese youth into its ranks, while the periodic operations of the armies of the DRC and Uganda aimed at destroying the group remain inconclusive.
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Demolin, Didier, Hubert Ngonga-Ke-Mbembe, and Alain Soquet. "Phonetic characteristics of an unexploded palatal implosive in Hendo." Journal of the International Phonetic Association 32, no. 1 (June 2002): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025100302000117.
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This paper describes the phonetic characteristics of an unexploded palatal implosive in Hendo, a Bantu language spoken in the Democratic Republic of Congo. This sound is an allophone of a palatal affricate implosive. Consideration of acoustic, aerodynamic and articulatory data obtained from various methods give a precise description of this sound.
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Bickmore, Lee S. "A Grammar of Nzadi [B865]: A Bantu Language of Democratic Republic of Congo." American Anthropologist 116, no. 1 (March 2014): 200–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/aman.12085_15.
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Nday, Guy Ilunga, Manix Banza Ilunga, Anasthasie Umpungu Ngalula, Olivier Mukuku, and Jules Thaba Ngwe. "Breast carcinoma in the Democratic Republic of the Congo: Characterization of hormone receptors." Current Cancer Reports 5 (March 26, 2024): 187–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.25082/ccr.2023.01.006.
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Purpose: Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease, and understanding its characteristics is crucial for effective treatment. Therefore, this study aims to investigate breast carcinomas as a function of hormone receptors (estrogen and progesterone) in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), which can contribute to better management of breast cancer cases in the country.Methods: We conducted an analytical cross-sectional study from 2014 to 2016 in the cities of Kinshasa and Lubumbashi. Using non-random sampling, we collected 86 cases of breast carcinoma.Results: The study found that out of the 86 cases of breast carcinoma, 33 patients (38.3%) had both types of hormone receptors (ER+/PgR+), while 37 patients (43.0%) had negative results for both receptor types (ER-/PgR-). Additionally, 15 patients (17.4%) had only estrogen receptors. The study did not find any significant association between the presence of estrogen receptors and patient age, T stage, histological type, and Ki67 proliferation index. However, the study did observe that estrogen receptors were significantly more present in grade I and II tumors (74.4%) than in grade III tumors (40.4%) (Odds ratio=4.3 [1.7-10.8]; p=0.003).Conclusion: The findings of this study demonstrate a high prevalence of hormone receptors in breast cancer cases in the DRC. Additionally, the study revealed a significant association between the presence of estrogen receptors and tumor grade, underlining the relevance of these markers in the characterization and treatment of the disease.
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KALVA MWENE-MUBAMBI, Simon Pierre. "Le degré de la maîtrise de l’orthographe d’usage des finalistes du secondaire de la Ville de Mbujimayi (2019-2020)." International Journal of Scientific Research and Management 10, no. 08 (August 11, 2022): 2477–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.18535/ijsrm/v10i8.el02.
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In the Democratic Republic of Congo, the French language remains an official language and the vehicle of teaching at both high school and tertiary education. A great dead of reseachers have drawn a conclusion in their investigations that the learners have difficulties writing the French language even at higher level of the inside educational system. They don’t have the mastery of neither standard spelling nor grammatical spelling.This study is a initical analysis that assesses the high school finalists’ performances and determines their level of the standard spelling of the French language. The latter has but a less effective percent of 56%.
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Tshotsho, Baba, Lydy Mumbembe, and Madoda Cekiso. "Language Challenges Facing Students from the Democratic Republic of Congo in a University in South Africa." International Journal of Educational Sciences 8, no. 3 (March 2015): 597–604. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09751122.2015.11890281.
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Pype, Katrien. "‘Provisional notes on the postcolony’ in Congo studies: an overview of themes and debates." Africa 92, no. 1 (January 2022): 49–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0001972021000863.
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AbstractThis article considers the uptake of Achille Mbembe’s article ‘Provisional notes on the postcolony’ (1992), the book De la Postcolonie: essai sur l’imagination politique dans l’Afrique contemporain (2000) and its translated version, On the Postcolony (2001), in Congo studies. ‘Congo’ here is a shorthand for the current Democratic Republic of Congo, formerly known as Zaire. The article is concerned with the ways in which these two English-language texts (and their original French versions) figure in the social sciences and the humanities, specifically in the field of study relating to Zairian/Congolese society and culture. It becomes clear that the theme of mutual entanglements of commandement (power) and citizens not only influences political studies but also structures Congo scholarship on economy and governance, popular culture and erotics. The article ends with some reflections on academic writing about Congo, the limited uptake of ‘Provisional notes’ and On the Postcolony in religious studies, questions about ethics and scientific writing about political postcolonial cultures, and especially the necessity to historicize the postcolony.
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Zihindula, Ganzamungu, Anna Meyer-Weitz, and Olagoke Akintola. "Lived Experiences of Democratic Republic of Congo Refugees facing Medical Xenophobia in Durban, South Africa." Journal of Asian and African Studies 52, no. 4 (August 11, 2015): 458–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021909615595990.
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This research was undertaken to explore experiences of xenophobia by refugees from the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) with the health care system in Durban, South Africa. The study adopted a qualitative methodology consisting of 31 in-depth interviews with refugees from the DRC. Framework analysis was conducted. The findings revealed that refugees face medical xenophobia during their encounter with health care workers with language barriers and documentation as the first stumbling block in efforts to seek health care services. The pervasiveness of xenophobia is also experienced in prejudice evident in ethnic slurs, unwelcome and insensitive comments and discriminatory practices, including denial of treatment, contributing to inequality in health care delivery.
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McQuaid, Katie R. V. "“We raise up the voice of the voiceless”: Voice, Rights, and Resistance amongst Congolese Human Rights Defenders in Uganda." Refuge: Canada's Journal on Refugees 32, no. 1 (May 6, 2016): 50–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.25071/1920-7336.40383.
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Amongst Uganda’s Congolese refugee population are a number of human rights defenders who actively resist the construction of refugees as dispossessed and displaced humanitarian aid recipients. Upon fleeing the complex and violent conflicts of the Democratic Republic of Congo, rather than supplicate to a humanitarian regime saturated with the language of human rights, these young men draw on human rights to “raise up the voice of the voiceless.” This article explores how defenders draw on human rights to understand, articulate, and resist the constraints of forced displacement into a humanitarian regime.
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Brabant, Justine. "Producing Journalistic Discourse on War." Journal of Humanitarian Affairs 2, no. 2 (September 1, 2020): 58–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.7227/jha.044.
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Based on the author’s experience as both a journalist and an independent researcher working regularly in eastern Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), this article examines the many constraints that journalists face in areas of armed conflict. It considers two unusual aspects of journalistic practice observed in the DRC: first, the reporters’ lexical dependence – that is, how the language journalists typically use to describe war is borrowed, sometimes unconsciously, from the war-related rhetoric developed in other fields – and second, journalists’ practical dependence on humanitarian organisations and how this might influence the articles they produce.
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Osei, Francis Acheampong, and Esther Asantewaa Effah. "A critical review of environmental assessment legislation in the Democratic Republic of the Congo." Environmental Health Engineering and Management 10, no. 4 (December 2, 2023): 459–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.34172/ehem.2023.49.
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Background: Many countries undertake development activities that utilize resources from the environment. In the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), the Congolese Environmental Agency is supervised by the Ministry of Environment and Sustainable Development to undertake an environmental assessment of all projects that pose risks to the environment. The present study conducted a critical review of the country’s existing environmental assessment legislation, identifying strengths and weaknesses in the Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) system. Methods: A literature survey was done in the Google Scholar, Taylor & Francis, and Elsevier databases, which were also guided by the PRISMA. All full-text articles included in the study were written or translated (using online translation software) into the English language, and also, reported on environmental impact assessment as well as legislation. A textual examination of the included literature was done. A set of adapted analytical criteria was used to critically review the ESIA system in the DRC. The results were discussed, and recommendations were given. Results: It was found that the decree was not effective and efficient for the ESIA study. Some of the key limitations of the ESIA decree included the lack of scoping in the entire ESIA process, alternatives that were limited in scope, fees and charges that were not explicitly stated in the legislation, and the lack of public participation at some stages. Conclusion: The ESIA system in the DRC is ineffective and needs revision to improve its effectiveness.
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IFALAMBANGA MUBIKABALA, Damien. "Teacher Talk Time as a Means to Develop Learners Communicative Skills in an EFL Class." International Journal of Scientific Research and Management 10, no. 09 (September 23, 2022): 2498–512. http://dx.doi.org/10.18535/ijsrm/v10i9.el02.
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The English curriculum in the Democratic Republic of Congo forecasts for the teaching of English from the first year of secondary school. Most students who finish high school are unable to speak English correctly, even to engage in a ten-minute conversation with friends. My experience as an English teacher for several years in high school shows that there are many factors that hinder the learner to assimilate the English language: the lack of motivation on the part of pupils, lack of appropriate textbooks, inadequacy of the national curriculum, laziness and fear on the part of pupils, monopolization of speech by the teacher model and use of French to teach English. This teacher model leads to the teacher’s share of monopolizing speech during classroom instruction. In this study, I want to show that the Teacher Talk Time during the transmission of his lesson should decrease because this affects the learner time to develop communicative skills. The suggested model for teaching English as a second language provides 25% of the time for the teacher and 75% for the learner so that the teacher is the facilitator, coach, guide, moderator, a helper. English must be taught as a language but not as a subject.
The difficulties that learners have to express themselves fluently in English come greatly due the teacher who does not give a lot of time to learners to practice the English language because he talks too much. Therefore, this work shows that ‘Teacher Talking too Much’ in the class does not give opportunities to the learner to develop oral skill and master English as a Foreign Language for our secondary schools in Bandundu town in particular and those of the Democratic Republic of Congo in general.
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Mashauri, Mumbere Malonga. "An Investigation of English Sound Production Among Nande Bilingual Students in the Democratic Republic of Congo : A Case of Bilingual Christian University of Congo." British Journal of Education 11, no. 3 (February 15, 2023): 38–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.37745/10.37745/bje.2013/vol11n33854.
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This article is based on a study that was conducted to examine the different areas of English sound mispronunciation by Nande bilingual students of the Bilingual Christian University of Congo (UCBC) in order to point out the instances where the phonetic system of Kinande causes difficulty for the learner of English resulting in communication and intelligibility breakdown. A total of 50 Nande students were randomly selected from the five faculties organized at UCBC and were involved in the study. The study adopted a qualitative design and used the ethnography method in which the researcher was involved in observing, listening, and asking a few questions as he was immersed in different activities (debate, presentation, dramatization, expressive reading , asking riddles, singing song, prayer, English teaching and teaching some content courses). After data analysis, it was revealed that bilingual Nande students of UCBC acquired their mother language (Kinande) before they began to acquire and to develop the English language. Moreover, the phonological system of Kinande has some sounds that are absent in English, and English has certain sounds that are absent in Kinande, which complicates the learning of those sounds and thus impede smooth communication and mutual intelligibility. Furthermore, Kinande and English have some letters that share the same spelling but they are pronounced differently. Also, teachers of English minimize the teaching of English pronunciations and thus reduce students’ chance to practice pronunciation. Adding to this, teachers of English medium courses do not play their role of language teachers. They seem not to be concerned with language related items and think only TESOL faculties should address challenges related to language.
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Pacchiarotti, Sara, and Koen Bostoen. "Final Vowel Loss in Lower Kasai Bantu (drc) as a Contact-Induced Change." Journal of Language Contact 14, no. 2 (December 14, 2021): 438–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/19552629-14020007.
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Abstract In this article, we present a qualitative and quantitative comparative account of Final Vowel Loss (fvl) in the Bantu languages of the Lower Kasai region of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. We argue that this diachronic sound shift rose relatively late in Bantu language history as a contact-induced change and affected adjacent West-Coastal and Central-Western Bantu languages belonging to different phylogenetic clusters. We account for its emergence and spread by resorting to two successive processes of language contact: (1) substrate influence from extinct hunter-gatherer languages in the center of innovation consisting of Bantu B80 languages, and (2) dialectal diffusion towards certain peripheral Bantu B70, C80, H40 and L10 languages.
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Nassenstein, Nico, and Gerrit J. Dimmendaal. "Bunia Swahili and Emblematic Language Use." Journal of Language Contact 12, no. 3 (January 28, 2020): 823–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/19552629-01203008.
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The present paper provides first insights into emblematic language use in Bunia Swahili, a variety of the Bantu language Swahili as spoken in and around the city of Bunia inIturi Province, Democratic Republic of the Congo. Structural variability in Bunia Swahili shows that this language variety consists of basilectal, mesolectal and acrolectal registers, which are used by speakers to express different social identities. Whereas the basilectal variety shows structural similarities with Central Sudanic languages, the mesolectal and acrolectal registers are closer to East Coast Swahili. We argue that these lectal forms are to be understood as fluid repertoires which are used by speakers as a form of adaption to different conversational settings and as indexical representations of their (ethnic) identity. We go on to describe the historical background to these diverging ways of speaking Bunia Swahili, which are due mainly to the long-lasting conflict between different groups in the area.
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Fazili, Christian Koba, Brigitte Muteba Byamungu, Jacques Kyabula Katwe, and Déogratias Ilunga Yolola Talwa. "Citizen Perceptions on Language and Dual Citizenship in the Democratic Republic of Congo: The Case of Goma City." OALib 08, no. 08 (2021): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/oalib.1106808.
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Golden, Anne, and Guri Steien. "Mashi – this language was in my ears." Metaphor and the Social World 11, no. 2 (October 12, 2021): 329–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/msw.00021.gol.
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Abstract In order to understand the process of learning new languages as adults, we need to take into account learners’ past experiences with all of their language(s), as such experiences shape attitudes and conceptualizations. In this paper, we present an analysis of metaphorical expressions in the narrated linguistic biographies of (former) refugees from the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) in Norway. The participants speak a multitude of languages, e.g., different local Congolese languages, Congolese national languages (Lingala or Swahili), French (the official language of the DRC), in addition to Norwegian (the language of the host society). Attention is paid to how the participants’ expressions align with conceptual metaphors emerged from work in Cognitive Linguistics, such as language is an object, language is a person and language is an identity marker, as well as specifications like language is a tool and language is a possession. We argue that awareness of conceptualizations of ‘language’ can contribute to the development of language training pedagogies that better reflect learners’ past experiences.
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Mbolipay Begu, Josué, Marie-Laurence Flahaux, and Jocelyn Usatu Nappa. "Retourner de son gré dans un contexte d’ instabilité." African Diaspora 14, no. 1 (September 2, 2022): 13–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18725465-bja10024.
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Résumé The literature suggests that returns that were prepared and decided by migrants tend to last on the long term and do not lead to new departures. What happens when these returns take place in an unstable context ? This article focuses on the case of migrants who decided to return to Kinshasa, the capital city of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, a country that has experienced deep economic and political crises, and where returns have become rare. Using qualitative interviews, we analyse the intentions of returnees to settle permanently or to go back abroad according to their family situation. Our results reveal that individuals implement migration and family strategies that take into account the context and the way they foresee the future, not only for themselves but also for their children.
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Büscher, Karen, Sigurd D'hondt, and Michael Meeuwis. "Recruiting a nonlocal language for performing local identity: Indexical appropriations of Lingala in the Congolese border town Goma." Language in Society 42, no. 5 (October 11, 2013): 527–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047404513000651.
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AbstractThis article describes discursive processes by which inhabitants of the Congolese border town Goma attribute new indexical values to Lingala, a language exogenous to the area of which most Goma inhabitants only possess limited knowledge. This creative reconfiguration of indexicalities results in the emergence of three “indexicalities of the second order”: the indexing of (i) being a true Congolese, (ii) toughness (based on Lingala's association with the military), and (iii) urban sophistication (based on its association with the capital Kinshasa). While the last two second-order reinterpretations are also widespread in other parts of the Congolese territory, the first one, resulting in the emergence of a Lingala as an “indexical icon” of a corresponding “language community,” deeply reflects local circumstances and concerns, in particular the sociopolitical volatility of the Rwandan-Congolese borderland that renders publicly affirming one's status as an “autochthonous” Congolese pivotal for assuring a livelihood and at times even personal security. (Lingala, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Goma, orders of indexicality, language community, autochthony, Kiswahili)*
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Záhořík, Jan. "Languages in Sub-Saharan Africa in a broader socio-political perspective." Acta Orientalia Vilnensia 11, no. 2 (January 1, 2010): 77–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/aov.2010.3646.
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Charles University This study deals with language policies in Africa with a special focus on multi-ethnic and multi-lingual states including Sudan, Ethiopia, Nigeria, Cameroon, and Democratic Republic of Congo. The study will thus examine relations between state and minorities, the status of major and marginalized languages, the roles of European languages in politics as well as theoretical frameworks. Sub-Saharan Africa has undergone a remarkable process from linguistic imperialism to linguistic pluralism and revivalism. Until the 1960s the superior position of the European languages (English, French, and Portuguese) was evident, but after the Africanization of politics and society in many African countries, a strong accent on linguistic emancipation was initiated. Nowadays, many African countries follow the principle of linguistic pluralism where several languages enjoy the same rights and space in the media, administrative, education, etc. This study will discuss some important case studies and their specific language policies.
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Pacchiarotti, Sara, and Koen Bostoen. "The evolution of the noun class system of Ngwi (West-Coastal Bantu, B861, DRC)." Language in Africa 2, no. 3 (October 25, 2021): 11–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.37892/2686-8946-2021-2-3-11-67.
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In this paper we offer a first systematic account of the noun class system of Ngwi, a West-Coastal Bantu language spoken in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. First, we describe the synchronic system of noun class prefixes and the agreement patterns they trigger on constituents of the noun phrase and the verb. Second, we provide a diachronic analysis of the innovations the synchronic Ngwi noun class system underwent with respect to the noun class system reconstructed for the most recent common ancestor of all Narrow Bantu languages. Finally, we compare the morphological innovations found in the Ngwi noun class system with those identified in the noun class systems of other West-Coastal Bantu varieties and assess whether some of these could be diagnostic for internal classification within this western Bantu branch.
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Gick, Bryan, Douglas Pulleyblank, Fiona Campbell, and Ngessimo Mutaka. "Low vowels and transparency in Kinande vowel harmony." Phonology 23, no. 1 (May 2006): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0952675706000741.
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This paper addresses theoretical issues confronting cross-height harmony systems through an experimental study of Kinande, a Bantu language of the Democratic Republic of Congo. Using a combination of acoustic analysis and lingual ultrasound imaging, we evaluate previous proposals concerning the phonetic correlates of the harmonic vowel feature and the transparency of low vowels. Results indicate that (i) although a multivalued scalar acoustic feature in F1/F2 space is not adequate to distinguish all vowel categories in Kinande, the cross-height feature does correlate acoustically with F1, (ii) the cross-height feature of Kinande involves systematic tongue-root articulations and (iii) low vowels in Kinande are not neutral to harmony in the way reported in earlier work, but exhibit significant and systematic tongue-root advancement and retraction according to the dictates of harmony.
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Dom, Sebastian, Guillaume Segerer, and Koen Bostoen. "Antipassive/associative polysemy in Cilubà (Bantu, L31a)." Studies in Language 39, no. 2 (August 18, 2015): 354–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/sl.39.2.03dom.
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Antipassive constructions are commonly associated with languages with a predominantly ergative alignment. In this article, we show that antipassive constructions can also occur in predominantly accusative languages such as Cilubà, a Bantu language of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. It is expressed by the verbal suffix -angan-, deriving an intransitive clause from a transitive one by omitting the object noun phrase. This suffix functions canonically as a reciprocal marker and is also used to express sociativity/reciprocity and iterativity. An analysis of the suffix’ polysemy is provided on three levels: We argue that (i) plurality of relations is the underlying concept that semantically accounts for its different meanings, (ii) that its use in an antipassive clause is syntactically derived from its use as a canonical reciprocal marker by the demotion and omission of the second participant, and (iii) that the suffix is diachronically bimorphemic and originally consisted of two suffixes that still exist in Cilubà today, with the sum of its individual meanings not straightforwardly reflecting the synchronic polysemy of -angan-.
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Asamoah, Emmanuel Foster, and Ebenezer Tetteh Kpalam. "A Critical Study of Matthew 18:15-18 in New Testament Greek and Selected Akan Mother-Tongue Translations: Implication for Peace-Making in Ghana." European Scientific Journal, ESJ 20, no. 2 (January 31, 2024): 127. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2024.v20n2p127.
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Recent global research reveals a world characterised by increasing fragmentation, diminished peace, and mounting risks for future generations. Diverse conflicts, ranging from familial to national issues, persist, even among individuals sharing the same faith. In Africa, nations like Cote d’Ivoire, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Burundi, Rwanda, the Central African Republic, and Sierra Leone grapple with severe consequences of conflicts. In Ghana, pockets of ethnic discord impact education, healthcare, and social services, prompting the emigration of skilled professionals. Despite ongoing peace efforts in Ghana, effective approaches are crucial. With over 70% of Ghanaians identifying as Christians, contextualising peace-making within sacred texts becomes imperative. In this exploration, the study delves into a biblical approach, specifically scrutinising Matthew 18:15–18 through exegetical analysis in Greek language and mother-tongue hermeneutics. These approaches reveal a convergence between the biblical author’s original meaning conveyed in the Greek language and its interpretation in the mother tongue. The paper advocates private conflict resolution to avoid gossip, involving witnesses if needed and church leaders if the issue persists. Disciplinary measures may be necessary, emphasising personal dignity and adherence to God’s will. The paper significantly contributes to conflict resolution knowledge, providing valuable insights for fostering peace in Ghana and beyond.
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Donzo, Jean-Pierre Bunza. "Langues bantoues de l’entre Congo-Ubangi (RD Congo): documentation, reconstruction, classification et contacts avec les langues oubanguiennes." Afrika Focus 28, no. 1 (February 26, 2015): 109–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/2031356x-02801008.
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This PhD thesis consists of the documentation, reconstruction and classification of ten Bantu langages (bolondó, bonyange, ebudzá, ebwela, libóbi, lingͻmbε, mondóngó, monyͻngͻ, mosángé, págaɓéte) spoken in the geographical area between the Congo and Ubangi Rivers in the northwestern part of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. The study examines the interaction between these languages and seven neighboring Ubangian languages (gbánzírí, gͻbú, maɓó, mbānzā, monzͻmbͻ, ngbandi, ngbaka-mīnāgendē). By means of a lexicostatistical study which determines the degree of lexical similarity between the languages under study, a phylogenetic classification has been established which integrates these languages in the larger sample of 401 Bantu languages used by Grollemund et al. (2015). This quantitative approach has generated Neighbor-Net and Neighbor-Joining networks as well as Bayesian trees, which indicate the internal sub-groups of the Bantu family in general, and more specifically of the Bantu languages of the central Congo basin to which the Bantu languages spoken between the Congo and Ubangi Rivers belong. Subsequently, we have undertaken a descriptive and comparative study of the those languages as well as a study of regular sound correspondances with regard to Proto-Bantu. They possess certain foreign phonemes that have not been reconstructed to Proto-Bantu, such as implosives and labiovelar stops, which have the status of distinct phonemes. The study of these specific sounds suggests that they were borrowed from the neighboring Ubangian languages. The lexical comparison also revealed an interaction between Bantu and Ubangian languages. Certain lexical borrowings were transferred from Bantu to Ubangian, while others moved in the opposite direction. Through the comparative method, we have obtained a phonological reconstruction of the hypothetical ancestor language of these langues. This Proto-Congo-Ubangi Bantu split into two sub-branches, i.e. Proto-Congo Bantu and Proto-Ubangi Bantu.
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Loffman, Reuben. "Belgian Rule and its Afterlives: Colonialism, Developmentalism, and Mobutism in the Tanganyika District, Southeastern DR-Congo, 1885–1985." International Labor and Working-Class History 92 (2017): 47–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0147547917000060.
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AbstractThe arrival of Belgian rule in the late nineteenth century initiated significant changes in the labor history of Tanganyika, a province in the southeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), as well the discursive regimes used to legitimize these transformations. After the colonial conquests, unfree labor was justified by paternalistic rather than mythical discourses. Although unfree labor was less common in the postcolonial period, the state forced farmers to sell crops at low prices and build roads for no remuneration. In the Cold War context, the language and practice of developmentalism mediated the coercive practices of the independent Congolese state (known as Zaïre, 1971–1997). The floundering Zaïrian government expanded its presence in Tanganyika due to its partnership with USAID. USAID's rhetoric and practice was influenced by a “bottom up” approach to agricultural production, but the cuts to its funding in the 1980s meant it struggled to soften Mobutu's coercive administration.
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Godin, Marie. "Theatre and Photography as New Contentious Repertoires of Congolese Women in the Diaspora." African Diaspora 9, no. 1-2 (2016): 101–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18725465-00901002.
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The Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), and in particular the eastern part of the country, is characterized by a protracted conflict situation and is home to some of the world’s most horrific documented cases of sexual violence against women. For many years now Congolese women in the diaspora have been engaged in initiatives to raise awareness of the sexual and gender-based violence (SGBV) of Congolese women back home, addressing the root causes of the conflict and promoting specific peace and conflict resolutions. This article examines ways of protesting using art as a political tool in addressing SGBV in the DRC. In doing so, it highlights two politico-artistic projects by Congolese women activists living in Belgium: Hearth of a mother, a theatre piece and Stand up my mother, a photographic exhibition. This article aims to analyse these particular projects in terms of Tilly’s ‘repertoires of contention’ (2006) as used by activists of the Congolese diaspora in order to make their voices heard.
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Mohr, Susanne, and Dunlop Ochieng. "Language usage in everyday life and in education: current attitudes towards English in Tanzania." English Today 33, no. 4 (July 6, 2017): 12–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266078417000268.
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Tanzania is, like most countries in East Africa, extremely culturally and linguistically diverse. Language counts range from 125 (Lewis, Simons & Fennig, 2016) to 164 living languages mentioned by the ‘Languages of Tanzania project’ (2009). Given this extreme multilingualism, institutional languages had to be chosen on a national level after independence. Kiswahili is the proclaimed national language and lingua franca of the East African region, also spoken in Kenya, Uganda and the Democratic Republic of Congo, for instance, and is used as medium of instruction (MoI) in primary education. English, the former colonial language, is the de facto national working language and medium of instruction in secondary and higher education. However, English remains a minority language, spoken by approximately 5% of the population, most of whom are members of a higher social class (Tibategeza, 2010). This leads to English being an international rather than a second language as in other former British colonies (Schmied, 1990, 1991). Rubanza (2002: 45) goes so far as to argue that ‘the society Tanzanians work and live in does not demand the use of English’. That is why it has been claimed that English will never replace the African languages in Tanzania but remain an additional language in certain spheres (Schmied, 1991).
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Mashauri, Malonga Mumbere, Pato Malobi, and Lotsove Makuru. "Interaction Challenges Faced by Primary School Pupils in an EFL Classroom at Bunia in the Democratic Republic of the Congo." Journal of Education and Practice 8, no. 4 (June 29, 2024): 42–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.47941/jep.2028.
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Purpose: It aimed to detect the challenges that prevent EFL classroom interaction in primary school. It also targeted to encounter the effects of interaction challenges on learners and to propose solutions to palliate those challenges. Methodology: The study was conducted using the exploratory design. For data collection, the main concern was fieldwork method whereby observation served as technique. Data on teachers’ educational level and experience in ELT were retrieved owing to documentary technique. From the collected data, we proceeded with some statistical analyses to describe the trends of the observation. Specifically, we used frequency counting, for the closed aspects with the help of Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software. Results: The results demonstrated that the interaction challenges prevent learners to develop their linguistic competences. Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: The results of this study invites teachers of English at the primary school to reconsider their pedagogy because interaction in a language classroom is capital. In order to palliate those challenges, the researchers recommend that teachers of EFL should use didactics that is tailored for primary school. They should create a positive and inclusive classroom environment, use icebreaker activities, provide clear instructions and expectations, utilize cooperative learning strategies, encourage active participation, provide scaffolding and support, and foster effective communication skills.
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Muluwa, Joseph Koni, and Koen Bostoen. "immediate before the verb focus position in Nsong (Bantu B85d, DR Congo)." ZAS Papers in Linguistics 57 (January 1, 2014): 123–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.21248/zaspil.57.2014.422.
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Nsong is a western Bantu language spoken in the neighbourhood of Kikwit (5°2'28"S 18°48'58"E, Kwilu District, Bandundu Province, DRC) and encoded as B85d in the New Updated Guthrie List (Maho 2009). To this B80 or Tiene-Yanzi group also belongs Mbuun, encoded as B87 by Guthrie (1971: 39) and spoken in the wider vicinity of Idiofa (4°57'35"S 19°35'40", Kwilu District, Bandundu Province, Democratic Republic of the Congo). Both languages are closely related. They share a high percentage of fundamental and other vocabulary as well as several rather atypical phonological innovations (Bostoen & Koni Muluwa 2014; Koni Muluwa 2014; Koni Muluwa & Bostoen 2012). Preliminary elicitation-based research on Mbuun has pointed out that the pre-verbal domain plays a crucial role in the marking of argument focus in Mbuun (Bostoen & Mundeke 2011, 2012). In this paper, we assess whether this is also the case in Nsong on the basis of a text corpus which the first author has been collecting, transcribing and annotating in 2013 and 2014 as part of an endangered language documentation project funded by the DoBeS program of the Volkswagen Foundation through a 3-year grant (2012-2015). More information on the project can be found on http://www.kwilubantu.ugent.be/. This Nsong text corpus exclusively consists of oral discourse and currently counts 48.022 tokens and 11.973 types. The team’s 2013 fieldwork aimed at documenting Nsong speech events in as many different cultural settings as possible. As a result, the corpus comprises different text genres, such as political speeches, historical traditions, folk music, tales, proverbs, hunting language, ceremonial language used during circumcision and twin rites, and popular biological knowledge. In line with previous research on Mbuun, we concentrate here on mono-clausal argument focus constructions, even if preliminary research has pointed out that bi-clausal focus structures are more common in the Nsong corpus.
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Toyi, Marie-Thérèse. "Ethnic Conflict in Burundi." Matatu 48, no. 2 (2016): 403–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18757421-04802010.
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In spite of the laudable political and humanitarian efforts to tackle the cyclical ethnic-related conflicts in Burundi, the impact of the refugee and returnee phenomena on the culture, education, and economy of the country and beyond has not yet received its full due attention. This study aims at increasing awareness on this issue. It first identifies the refugee- and returnee-related new linguistic trends in Burundi, together with their subsequent impact on education. How many Burundians learned Kiswahili in exile in Tanzania or in the Democratic Republic of Congo, not only for educational or professional purposes but also for survival, but who, back in Burundi, saw their language of exile become an obstacle to the pursuit of a standard education? Why has their plight not attracted as much attention as did that of war orphans, widows, and former child soldiers? This study also surveys the cultural exchanges between Burundian refugees and returnees with their host country and their motherland.
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Purkarthofer, Judith, and Guri Bordal Steien. "“Prétendre comme si on connaît pas une autre langue que le swahili”: Multilingual parents in Norway on change and continuity in their family language policies." International Journal of the Sociology of Language 2019, no. 255 (January 26, 2019): 109–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ijsl-2018-2005.
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Abstract In this article, we examine how parents explain their choices of transmitting certain languages to their children, a key element of family language policies (FLP), in light of their dynamic linguistic repertoires and biographic experiences. Contributing to the framework of FLP, we focus in particular on parents’ memories, their narratives of multilingual upbringing in the past, and how these are used to construct present FLP. We analyze conversations where six multilingual parents in Norway talk about their experiences and intentions regarding FLP, and in particular, their reasons for the transmission of (some of their) languages to their children. The parents of three of the families are from the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), and in three others at least one of the parents migrated from Germany. We find that the parents align their decisions with both prior and new experiences. They relate to their language(s), their past and their current family life, and express the wish for continuity across the lifespan. At the same time, they demonstrate a certain flexibility and willingness to adapt to the constantly changing environments that they and their children experience and in which they navigate. Through their complex accounts, their memories and lived language experiences, we can understand parents’ manifold positions as regards their children’s linguistic repertoires.
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Mikoka, Thérèse, Andy Mbangama, and Vicky Lokomba. "Evolution of the Quality of the Partogram in 96 Health Care Facilities of 3 Provincial Health Divisions in the Democratic Republic of the Congo." Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 13, no. 12 (2023): 1965–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ojog.2023.1312166.
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Kondemo, Maleke M. "Mongo Women's Survival Strategies in the Context of HIV and AIDS: Revisiting the Book of Ruth." Old Testament Essays 36, no. 2 (November 22, 2023): 412–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2312-3621/2023/v36n2a7.
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The past two decades have experienced a growing female labour participation in the Democratic Republic of Congo due in part to the weakening of men's absolute earning power and the increased rates of unemployment and underemployment. Women's growing earning power and commitment to the paid workforce together with the stagnation of men's social mobility make some families more financially dependent on women. As such, women are engaging in any kind of business or activity, which sometimes put their lives at risks. Due to gender inequities, women seek favour from men in order to succeed, making them vulnerable to HIV and AIDS. The story of Ruth in Ruth 2-3, in which she is forced to go out to find food for herself and Naomi is similar to that of many Congolese women who are forced by poverty to go out and offer their bodies to men at the risk of being infected by HIV and other sexually transmitted diseases. Therefore, a gender-sensitive reading of the Bible of women's experiences can lead to the emancipation of women, especially Mongo women in their struggle for survival.
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BATROS, BEN. "The Judgment on the Katanga Admissibility Appeal: Judicial Restraint at the ICC." Leiden Journal of International Law 23, no. 2 (April 27, 2010): 343–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0922156510000075.
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AbstractThis article examines the judgment on Kantaga's appeal against the decision of Trial Chamber II of the International Criminal Court that the case against him was admissible. The Appeals Chamber rejected Katanga's appeal, and affirmed the admissibility of the case. However, it did not do so on the same basis as the Trial Chamber (that the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) was unwilling). Rather, it looked at the plain language of Article 17, and found that at the time of the challenge the DRC was not investigating or prosecuting Katanga. This judgment can be seen as an example of judicial restraint. The Appeals Chamber dealt only with those questions which were necessary to dispose of the appeal. It did not engage in policy debates or seek to create new facts, but rather applied the Statute as drafted to the facts of the case before it. In doing this, the Appeals Chamber confirmed certain basic principles of the admissibility regime. The case also provides an insight into the relationship between admissibility and ‘positive complementarity’.
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Mbangama, Muela Andy, Mubalamata Eugène-Patrick Lukusa, Ambis Joëlle Lumaya, Nkongolo Freddy Muamba, Banza Jésual Lotoy, Nkashama Bienvenu Kazadi, Ndombasi Nelda Lemba, Otem Christian Ndesanzim, and Feruzi Michel Mangala. "Rationale of a Cross Sectional Descriptive Study on Knowledge and Practices of Healthcare Providers on Postpartum Hemorrhage Management in Kinshasa, the Democratic Republic of the Congo." Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 13, no. 09 (2023): 1453–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ojog.2023.139120.
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Fauré, Bertrand, François Cooren, and Frédérik Matte. "To speak or not to speak the language of numbers: accounting as ventriloquism." Accounting, Auditing & Accountability Journal 32, no. 1 (January 15, 2019): 337–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/aaaj-07-2017-3013.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to extend the literature on accounting’s performativity by developing a ventriloquial perspective that directs the attention to the reciprocity between the accounting signs and the accountants: they both do things by making each other speak. This oscillation explains where accounting number’s authority, materiality and resistance come from. Design/methodology/approach In order to show the relevance of this approach, the authors examine various ways numbers manage to speak or do things in the context of video-recorded conversations taken from fieldwork completed with Médecins sans frontières (also known as Doctors without Borders) in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Findings The analyses show how this ventriloquial perspective can inform the way the authors interpret what happens: when numbers do not say the same thing; when numbers are competing with other figures; and when numbers backfire on their own promoters. Research limitations/implications Even if some of the numbers studied are sometimes far from accounting per se, it shows how the absence or presence of accounting can make a difference. Practical implications The authors then discuss the implications of this research for accounting social innovation through accounting inscriptions. Social implications This perspective helps to understand that numbers can give great power, but that everything cannot be told with numbers. This is why making numbers speak is a great talent. Originality/value This refreshing perspective on accounting could be extended to other fields such as auditing and auditing.
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Lemenkova, Polina, and Olivier Debeir. "R Libraries for Remote Sensing Data Classification by K-Means Clustering and NDVI Computation in Congo River Basin, DRC." Applied Sciences 12, no. 24 (December 7, 2022): 12554. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app122412554.
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In this paper, an image analysis framework is formulated for Landsat-8 Operational Land Imager and Thermal Infrared Sensor (OLI/TIRS) scenes using the R programming language. The libraries of R are shown to be effective in remote sensing data processing tasks, such as classification using k-means clustering and computing the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI). The data are processed using an integration of the RStoolbox, terra, raster, rgdal and auxiliary packages of R. The proposed approach to image processing using R is designed to exploit the parameters of image bands as cues to detect land cover types and vegetation parameters corresponding to the spectral reflectance of the objects represented on the Earth’s surface. Our method is effective at processing the time series of the images taken at various periods to monitor the landscape dynamics in the middle part of the Congo River basin, Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). Whereas previous approaches primarily used Geographic Information System (GIS) software, we proposed to explicitly use the scripting methods for satellite image analysis by applying the extended functionality of R. The application of scripts for geospatial data is an effective and robust method compared with the traditional approaches due to its high automation and machine-based graphical processing. The algorithms of the R libraries are adjusted to spatial operations, such as projections and transformations, object topology, classification and map algebra. The data include Landsat-8 OLI-TIRS covering the three regions along the Congo river, Bumba, Basoko and Kisangani, for the years 2013, 2015 and 2022. We also validate the performance of graphical data handling for cartographic visualization using R libraries for visualising changes in land cover types by k-means clustering and calculation of the NDVI for vegetation analysis.
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Mangala, Feruzi Michel, Muela Andy Mbangama, Di-Mosi-Nkoy Roger Wumba, Ambis Joëlle Lumaya, Nkongolo Freddy Muamba, Tshitadi Jean Mukendi, Ndombasi Neilda Lemba, et al. "A Clinical Study to Assess the Effectiveness of Oral Combination Kit Therapy in Syndromic Management of Abnormal Vaginal Discharge (FEMINE Study) in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo." Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 14, no. 01 (2024): 193–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ojog.2024.141018.
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Polepole, François Maheshe, Olivier Mukuku, Franck Shongo Omanjelo, Alfred Chasumba Murhula, Marcellin Bugeme, Théophile Barhwamire Kabesha, Stanis Okitotsho Wembonyama, and Zacharie Kibendelwa Tsongo. "Quality of life of people with epilepsy at a tertiary referral centre in Goma, DRC." Advances in Health and Behavior 5, no. 1 (2022): 226–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.25082/ahb.2022.01.005.
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Purpose: This study aims to determine the quality of life (QOL) related to the health of people with epilepsy (PWE) followed in ambulatory care at the Neuropsychiatric Hospital Center in Goma, in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Methods: A total of 302 adults with epilepsy followed in ambulatory care at the Neuropsychiatric Hospital Center in Goma were interviewed in this cross-sectional study. The QOL was measured using a validated French-language version of the Quality of Life in Epilepsy-31 inventory (QOLIE-31). Results: The mean age was 28.4±11.0 years and 56.9% were males. The mean total QOLIE-31 score was 47.7±11.0. The highest subscale score was overall QOL with a mean of 57.5±15.0 and the lowest was medication effects with 39.7±27.5. Unemployment, presence of seizures, tobacco use, and co-morbidities (medical or psychiatric) significantly affected QOL (p < 0.05). All QOL subscales showed a significant correlation with seizure frequency, except for medication effects. Conclusion: Worrying about seizures had the major contribution to QOL, while the medication effects had the least. This study confirms the importance of seizure control for better QOL in Congolese PWE.
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Maselli, Lorenzo. "Phonetic and Phonological Research in Mai-Ndombe: A Few Preliminary Notes on Rhotics and Double-Articulations." Languages 9, no. 3 (March 21, 2024): 114. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/languages9030114.
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Mai-Ndombe is one of the southwestern provinces of the Democratic Republic of Congo. Ecologically, it can be characterised as a transition zone between a moist, broadleaf rainforest ecotone in the north and shrubland/savannah areas in the south. Linguistically, Mai-Ndombe, along with the rest of southwestern Congo all the way down to the border with Angola, is among the least well-surveyed areas of the planet. Within its borders, several different Bantu (Guthrie’s zones B, C, and H) varieties are spoken, near the newly identified West-Coastal Bantu homeland, itself a hot spot of phonological diversity unlike any other in the West-Coastal Bantu domain. Phonetic and phonological accounts of its languages are particularly lacking (apart from impressionistic “grey literature” reports which seldom comply with the standards of present-day phonetic and phonological inquiry). This gap is particularly concerning as Mai-Ndombe is also an area of great anthropological diversity, with numerous hunter-gatherer Twa communities living deep in its eastern and northern forests. Their lects, collectively known as Lotwa, are severely endangered, as they face the threats of social stigma and the growing use of national and regional linguae francae. As part of the author’s doctoral project (still underway), phonetic data were collected in the area between May and July 2021, specifically in Inongo (the provincial capital) and Nioki. The present contribution is intended as a brief note on the relevant results produced so far, mainly bearing on the analysis of some phenomena of interest in the languages of the region, including Sakata rhotics and labial–velars and the presence of unusual trilling/flapping realisations in Lotwa. The picture yielded by this preliminary exploration is one of striking phonetic and phonological variation, possibly pointing to earlier stages of greater linguistic diversity than previously supposed. It is also tentatively proposed that one of the specific characteristics of the phenomena attested in the present contribution is that they tend to affect more than one language at a time, working rather as areal “phonetic possibilities” than language-bound outcomes of traditional sound change rules; in this sense, it is suggested that in-depth documentation and description can help broaden our understanding of how language contact works in highly multilingual contexts.
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Makuru, Lotsove, Malobi Pato, and Mumbere Malonga Mashauri. "Time Management in an EFL Lesson Room: An Analysis of Challenges faced by Senior School Teachers at Bunia in the Democratic Republic of the Congo." European Journal of Linguistics 3, no. 2 (June 21, 2024): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.47941/ejl.2020.
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Purpose: To identify reasons why teachers are unable to manage time correctly during the lesson of English. In addition, this study aims at showing how time mismanagement can negatively impact the flow of English language acquisition. Methodology: This research used exploratory survey design as it required gathering information about a particular group or phenomenon for providing a detailed and accurate picture of the characteristics and behavior of a particular group or subject. The exploratory survey was conducted to have a better understanding of the existing research problem. A simple random sampling technique was adopted for this study. Data were collected using a questionnaire which was administered to a total number of 20 teachers. The statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) software technique served for data analysis in order to get frequencies and percentages. In order to analyze the qualitative data obtained from the open-ended questions in the teacher questionnaire, the data were firstly coded under themes considering the research questions and the sections and/or questions in the questionnaires. Then, the coded data under thematic categories were converted into frequencies and percentages and displayed in separate tables. Results: The analysis showed that 50% of teachers of English are unable to manage time in their EFL classrooms and thought that the time allocated to an English lesson is not sufficient. Also, pupils do not easily understand English, and need much time for explanation. Teachers, thus, take much time on pre-communicative activities because there are unexpected interruptions. Thus, teachers miss time to organize communicative tasks which is the last step of a lesson. Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: Every English lesson go through steps that include Preparation, Presentation (pre-communicative activities), Practice (communicative activities) and Produce/Perform. As each English class has an operational objective, the teacher will verify whether he/she achieved this objective through produce related activities that pupils perform. It will be very difficult for the teacher to have information about achieving the objective if the lesson did come to the perform step. Owing to the importance of time management in an EFL classroom which can contribute to the English language acquisition and to the pupils’ learning motivation, the researchers recommend that enough time be allocated to the teaching of English in an EFL classroom. In addition, Teachers MUST very well plan their classes by avoiding the procrastinate of tasks and reducing time pressure. Moreover, they should adopt good time management as they design teaching goals and learning activities.