Relevant bibliographies by topics / Kituba language (Congo (Democratic Republic))

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Kituba language (Congo (Democratic Republic))'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 30 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Kituba language (Congo (Democratic Republic))"

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ADRIEN KASANGA, LUANGA. "English in the Democratic Republic of the Congo." World Englishes 31, no. 1 (February 22, 2012): 48–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-971x.2011.01732.x.

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Kasanga, Luanga A. "English in advertising in Lubumbashi, Democratic Republic of Congo." World Englishes 38, no. 3 (August 28, 2019): 561–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/weng.12424.

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Lydy, Mumbembe, Madoda Cekiso, and Baba P. Tshotsho. "Language Factors Affecting the Katanga Language Spoken in the Democratic Republic of Congo." Journal of Sociology and Social Anthropology 7, no. 4 (October 2016): 207–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09766634.2016.11885718.

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Eyssette, Jérémie. "The Democratic Republic of the Congo’s Linguistic Temptation: A Comparative Analysis with Rwanda’s Switch-to-English." Journal of Asian and African Studies 55, no. 4 (November 8, 2019): 522–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021909619885974.

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The aim of this article is to assess whether the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DR Congo) is likely to upgrade the status of English by constitutional or educational means. Indeed, neighboring countries such as Rwanda and Burundi adopted English as their official language in 1996 and 2014, but less writing in English is devoted to a potential linguistic transition in DR Congo, the most populous French-speaking country. This article will gauge DR Congo and Rwanda against the four criteria that arguably triggered Rwanda’s switch-to-English: historical factors in current linguistic trends; the role of charismatic leaders in sudden language policy changes; language-in-education policies; and economic incentives. The results of this interdisciplinary investigation into the language dynamics of the Great Lakes region indicate that, reflecting the vehicles of DR Congo’s domestic and regional evolutions, its leaders might be tempted to enhance the status of English as an official language in a way that, contrary to Rwanda’s radical switch-to-English, is more compatible with other languages.
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Katabe, Isidore M., and Eustard R. Tibategeza. "Language-in-Education Policy and Practice in the Democratic Republic of Congo." European Journal of Language and Culture Studies 2, no. 1 (January 17, 2023): 4–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejlang.2023.2.1.58.

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This paper concentrates on the language-in-education policy and practice in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) particularly in Kalemie region. It intends to examine the practicality of language-in-education policy in schools and to examine the challenges pertaining to the implementation of the language of education policy. Data collection was done in four schools, two primary and two secondary schools in Kalemie region. The study employed a qualitative approach and the data were gathered through interviews, focus group discussions, observation and documentary review. Simple random sampling was used to get standard six pupils, form one students and teachers. The study employed the Proficiency Theory as a theory of bilingual education developed by Cummins. The study reveals that teachers from secondary schools use French language as a medium of instruction. It also indicates that language competence of the students is very weak. This is due to the transition from the national language, Kiswahili to French. The study notes that students are not comfortable with the medium of instruction, in this case French. It was discovered that, teachers face serious challenges on implementing the policy, such as students not being comfortable with the medium of instruction in the class, absence of teaching and learning materials, inadequate textbooks in schools, and lack of an organized library. However, the students indicated that, even if they have problems with French, they still prefer it to Kiswahili, since it is a language for their future job opportunities. The study recommends that there is a need for a political will to ensure the existence and growth of African languages and their position particularly in education.
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Hamann, Silke, and Nancy C. Kula. "Bemba." Journal of the International Phonetic Association 45, no. 1 (March 30, 2015): 61–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025100314000371.

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Bemba (also called Cibemba or Icibemba; ISO 639-3 codebem) is a Niger-Congo language belonging to the Central Narrow Bantu branch (Zone M in Guthrie's 1948, 1967–71 classification). Bemba is spoken in Zambia (mainly in the Northern, Luapula and Copperbelt provinces) and the Southern Democratic Republic of Congo by approximately 3.3 million speakers (Lewis, Simons & Fennig 2013). Our data are based on Bemba spoken in Zambia.
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Derrick Bushobole Akiba, Nicolas Mihuhi Rusati, Esther Dina Katibula, Henriette Mwavita Ruboneka, Augustin Rugoso Kapingu, Angèle Gendusa Butoto, Saili Stay Mushobekwa, and Floribert Makama Loni. "A scientometric analysis of HIV/AIDS research in the Democratic Republic of the Congo." World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews 21, no. 1 (January 30, 2024): 2405–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2024.21.1.0159.

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Objective: This is a scientometric study based on the analysis of the evolution of the literature on Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV/AIDS) in all its aspects in the specific context of the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) from 2007 to 2022. Methodology: This is a scientometric study. The data analyzed as part of this study are articles published on HIV/AIDS in the period from 2007 to 2022 in the context of the Democratic Republic of Congo. The following parameters were analyzed: years of publication, authors and their relationships, affiliations, journals of publications, the language of publications, keywords, association of publishing institutions, countries of publication and their relationship. Excel software and VOSViewer were used for data processing. Results: The study involved 56 articles published in several journals worldwide. The University of Kinshasa, the University of Lubumbashi and the National Multisectoral HIV/AIDS Program are the most important institutions in term of the number of articles. Five journals published more than one article. Some authors were identified as relevant because they were mentioned in more than one article, including Mandina, Mukuku, Situakibanza, Luboya and Amaele, while Situakibanza, followed by Mandina and Mukuku are those who have published more than other authors. In terms of contry's contributions, two contries were identified as more productive: the DR Cong in first place, followed by the United Stateds of America (USA). The keywords that were more mentioned are HIV/AIDS and DR Congo. Conclusion: In the last ten years, a development in HIV/AIDS research in DR Congo can be observed. Motivation of the study: It is essential to evaluate the evolution of research on HIV / AIDS (a formidable disease that is an endemic of international renown) in the specific context of the Democratic Republic of Congo. Main results: Several publications on HIV/AIDS were identified with strong collaboration between authors, countries and authors' affiliations. The DR Congo and the USA were the countries that participated most in the publications identified. Implication: This study will give future researchers an overview of existing research and emerging themes in HIV/AIDS in the Democratic Republic of Congo.
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RODRIGUES, BRUNO V. B., and CRISTINA A. RHEIMS. "An overview of the African genera of Prodidominae spiders: descriptions and remarks (Araneae: Gnaphosidae)." Zootaxa 4799, no. 1 (June 16, 2020): 1–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4799.1.1.

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A taxonomic revision of exclusively African genera of Prodidominae (Gnaphosidae), with the exception of Theuma, is provided. Austrodomus Lawrence, 1947 is revised. The type species A. zuluensis Lawrence, 1947 is redescribed, the male of A. scaber (Purcell, 1904) is described for the first time, and one new species, A. gamsberg sp. nov. (♂), is described from Namibia. Katumbea Cooke, 1964 is considered a junior synonym of Austrodomus and A. oxoniensis (Cooke, 1964) comb. nov. from Tanzania is redescribed. Eleleis Simon, 1893 is revised. The type species, E. crinita Simon, 1893, is redescribed and eight new species are described: E. limpopo sp. nov. (♂♀) from South Africa and Zambia, E. okavango sp. nov. (♂♀) from Botswana and Namibia, E. etosha sp. nov. (♂♀), E. himba sp. nov. (♂) and E. luderitz sp. nov. (♀) from Namibia, E. leleupi sp. nov. (♂) and E. haddadi sp. nov. (♀) from South Africa, and E. solitaria sp. nov. (♀) from Cape Verde. Purcelliana Cooke, 1964 is revised. The type species, P. problematica Cooke, 1964, is redescribed and three new species are described: P. kamaseb sp. nov. (♂♀) and P. khabus sp. nov. (♂♀) from Namibia, and P. cederbergensis sp. nov. (♂) from South Africa. Plutonodomus Cooke, 1964 is redescribed based solely on the type species, P. kungwensis Cooke, 1964. In addition, three new genera are described: Kikongo gen. nov., to include K. ruwenzori sp. nov. (♂♀) and K. buta sp. nov. (♂♀) from the Democratic Republic of the Congo (D.R. Congo), and K. rutshuru sp. nov. (♂♀) from D.R. Congo and Kenya; Kituba gen. nov., to include K. mayombensis sp. nov. (♂♀) and K. langalanga sp. nov. (♀) from D.R. Congo; and Yoruba gen. nov., to include Y. ibadanus sp. nov. (♂♀) from Nigeria and Y. toubensis sp. nov. (♂♀) from Ivory Coast. Distribution maps are provided for the species discussed in this study and an identification key is provided for all twelve genera of Prodidominae recorded in Africa.
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Kostelyanets, Sergey. "The Democratic Republic of the Congo: the Rise of Islamic Radicalism." Vostok. Afro-aziatskie obshchestva: istoriia i sovremennost, no. 3 (2023): 149. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s086919080024138-8.

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For over 60 years, the Democratic Republic of the Congo has been in a state of political instability. There are dozens of rebel groups in the DRC that fight against the government and among themselves for control of human and natural resources. However, despite the enduring military and political crisis, which mostly affects the eastern regions of the country, the religious factor entered the stage only in the 2010s due to the onslaught of the terrorist group Alliance of Democratic Forces (ADF), whose leaders in 2019 swore allegiance to the Islamic State and began to identify themselves as the Islamic State's Central Africa Province (ISCAP). The present paper discusses the main milestones of the transformation of the ADF, which initially did not have a clear ideological and political program or sufficient combat power for independent attacks, into a large terrorist organization that poses a serious security threat to the DRC, Uganda, and a number of other African countries. The authors employ the theoretical and analytical framework and the systemic-historical method to characterize the activities of the ADF and conclude that, firstly, the transformation of the group was motivated above all by financial gain and, secondly, the “mutually beneficial trade and economic cooperation” that takes place between the Islamists and local communities allows the group to carry out successful Islamization and recruitment of Congolese youth into its ranks, while the periodic operations of the armies of the DRC and Uganda aimed at destroying the group remain inconclusive.
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Demolin, Didier, Hubert Ngonga-Ke-Mbembe, and Alain Soquet. "Phonetic characteristics of an unexploded palatal implosive in Hendo." Journal of the International Phonetic Association 32, no. 1 (June 2002): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025100302000117.

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This paper describes the phonetic characteristics of an unexploded palatal implosive in Hendo, a Bantu language spoken in the Democratic Republic of Congo. This sound is an allophone of a palatal affricate implosive. Consideration of acoustic, aerodynamic and articulatory data obtained from various methods give a precise description of this sound.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Kituba language (Congo (Democratic Republic))"

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Kamanda-Kola, Roger. "Phonologie et morpho-syntaxe du mo̳no̳ langue oubanguienne du Congo R.D. /." München : LINCOM Europa, 2003. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/54375653.html.

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Bagamba, Bukpa Araali. "A study of language shift in rural Africa : the Hema of the North-East of the Democratic Republic of Congo." Thesis, University of Essex, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.437821.

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Kalala, Laurent Beya. "An appraisal study of language usage and use for literacy in second language acquisition: An investigation into English textbooks used in the Democratic Republic of Congo." University of the Western Cape, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/6794.

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Philosophiae Doctor - PhD
Since a number of studies on textbooks in Second Language Acquisition (SLA) have shown that textbooks hold a major place in education (De Guzman, 2000; Oakes & Saunders, 2004), this study proposes to investigate the content of an English Language Teaching (ELT)/ English as a Second Language (ESL) textbook used in 6th form secondary school (Grade 12) in the DRC, Go for English 1RE. It aims to identify and evaluate the content of this ELT textbook so as to deduce and derive main insights for the determination or not of its appropriateness and relevance in terms of its contribution to language use and literacy in the ELT/ESL curriculum of the DRC. The study draws its theoretical underpinning from two theories: the Cunningsworth’s textbook analysis theory and McDonough and Shaw evaluation theory. As research design, the study adopts an a descriptive, exploratory and interpretive design which draws on both quantitative and qualitative data collected on the basis of textbook evaluation checklist and semi-structured interviews. In regard to the procedural orientation, the study uses descriptive and content analysis to analyze, interpret and examine both interviews and textbook evaluation likert-scale checklist data. In respect of its data, the study uses ‘mixed methods approach’. Both qualitative and quantitative data come from 259 teacher and student participants on the basis of two different samples. The quantitative data comes from 209 student participants and 25 teacher participants and the qualitative data from 10 student participants and 15 teacher participants. The findings attest to the general content of "Go for English 1RE ELT" textbook in regard to language activities and tasks related to its subject matter, to the quality and nature of language it contains, and finally to the diversity in its subject matter and its cultural aspects, is suitable for language use and literacy skills development. However, even though its content is suitable, the findings also indicate that this ELT textbook is not well adapted to Congolese 6th form secondary school students’ level.
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Jones, Lesley E. "Defining Time in black and white a study of four issues of Time magazine, their coverage of Africa, and their use of philanthropic language /." Birmingham, Ala. : University of Alabama at Birmingham, 2009. https://www.mhsl.uab.edu/dt/2009m/jones.pdf.

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Thesis (M.A.)--University of Alabama at Birmingham, 2009.
Additional advisors: Bruce McComiskey, Daniel Siegel, Erin Wright. Description based on contents viewed June 5, 2009; title from PDF t.p. Includes bibliographical references (p. 92-96).
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Sidenholm, Emelie. "French Makes Communication and Structures Make English : An Analysis of Official Language-Teaching Documents in the Democratic Republic of the Congo and Sweden." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för beteendevetenskap och lärande, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-74411.

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The Democratic Republic of the Congo is one of the least developed countries in the world and its school system needs to be improved. The aim of this research is to find out what the Congolese state expects from language teaching (French and English), how this is described in the curriculum, and whether this differs from the curriculum of a more developed country, such as Sweden. Through a content analysis, the language view, the role of the teacher and views of pupil participation are investigated. The Swedish curriculum and the Congolese programme of French show similarities by communicative and constructivist views, while the Congolese programme of English demonstrates behaviouristic features. This study can serve as an example of how the language context, i.e., second language v. foreign language, as well as the national culture, influence the curriculum.
Demokratiska republiken Kongo är ett av världens minst utvecklade länder och dess skolsystem är i behov av en förbättring. Språk är en viktig del i utvecklingen av landet. Syftet med den här uppsatsen är att ta reda på vad den kongolesiska staten förväntar sig av sin språkundervisning, hur den beskrivs i styrdokument samt om den skiljer sig från läroplanen i ett mer utvecklat land som Sverige. Genom en kvalitativ innehållsanalys har uppfattningar om uppsatsens teman; språksyn, lärarens roll och elevdeltagande, hittats. Materialet som analyserats är den kongolesiska skolans program för franska och engelska, samt den svenska läroplanen inklusive kursplanerna för franska och engelska. Analysen avser de första åren i den kongolesiska sekundärskolan och det svenska högstadiet, vilka motsvarar varandra när det gäller elevernas ålder. Skillnaden i DR Kongo mellan andraspråk (franska) och främmande språk (engelska) berörs.Den svenska läroplanen samt det kongolesiska programmet för franska visar många likheter genom att lyfta fram kommunikativa och konstruktivistiska perspektiv. Det kongolesiska programmet för engelska har däremot behavioristiska drag. Lärarens olika roller och hur elevdeltagande lyfts fram förstärker dessa språksyner. De två kongolesiska programmen liknar dock varandra när det gäller synen på hur läraren ska behandla språkliga fel i klassrummet. Studien kan ses som ett exempel på hur språkkontexten, d.v.s. andraspråk och främmande språk, likväl som den nationella kulturen påverkar läroplaner.
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Kamanda-Kola, Roger. "Etude descriptive du Mono: langue oubanguienne du Congo (ex-Zaïre)." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/212037.

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Mutambwa, Georges Mulumbwa. "Etude sociolinguistique du kindubile: argot swahili des enfants de la rue de Lubumbashi, RD Congo." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210309.

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Ce travail s’attache à répondre à deux préoccupations majeures :

-déterminer le statut sociolinguistique du kindubile, parler des enfants de la rue de Lubumbashi appelés « shege ».

-préciser les contextes de mobilisation du kindubile par les shege ainsi que les différentes significations qu’il revêt à leurs yeux.

Il est basé sur un corpus très hétérogène: les données verbales (entretiens semi-directifs, libres, récits de vie, chansons et surnoms) et les matériaux picturaux (graffitis, tags et dessins) produits par les enfants eux-mêmes. Les analyses sont inspirées en linguistique par la pragmatique et en sociologie par l’interactionnisme symbolique, la théorie de l’acteur et du système ainsi que la théorie dispositionnaliste de Bernard Lahire.

Cette dissertation a conduit aux résultats suivants :

-le kindubile est un argot swahili. Sa grammaire est globalement identique à celle du kiswahili de Lubumbashi. La seule différence s’observe au niveau du lexique. Celui-ci, outre les procédés de création cryptique (adjonctions, suppressions, permutations et leur combinaison reste prolixe et focalisé sur certains registres seulement :la nourriture, l’argent, la débrouille, la violence et la sexualité. Ces domaines demeurent hautement significatifs à leur yeux d’autant plus qu’ils sont corrélés et indispensables à la vie de rue.

-Les enfants de la rue recourent à l’argot pour communiquer entre eux, pour un repli identitaire (ils veulent s’affirmer comme un groupe particulier et en même temps être reconnus autant que respectés comme des personnes humaines à part entière). Ils recourent également au kindubile pour crypter leur message en parlant des stupéfiants, de la sexualité ou en voulant subtiliser un bien à quelqu’un). Ils emploient aussi le kindubile comme un espace de défoulement. En effet, ils expriment leur mécontentement de la société qui les a produits mais craignant les représailles, ils préfèrent s’exprimer en argot. Ils parlent aussi kindubile pour provoquer la peur chez leur interlocuteur lorsqu’ils le jugent nécessaire.


Doctorat en Langues et lettres
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

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Schicho, Walter. "Review." Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2016. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-199727.

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Schicho, Walter. "Review." Swahili Forum 22 (2015), S. i-v, 2015. https://ul.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A13559.

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Fernando, Mbiavanga. "An analysis of verbal affixes in Kikongo with special reference to form and function." Diss., 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/2414.

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The relation between verbal affixes and their effect on the predicate argument structure of the verbs that host them has been the focus of many studies in linguistics, with special reference to Bantu languages in recent years. Given the colonial policy on indigenous languages in Angola, Kikongo, as is the case of other Bantu languages in that country, has not been sufficiently studied. This study explores the form and function of six verbal affixes, including the order in which they occur in the verb stem. The study maintains that the applicative and causative are valency-increasing verbal affixes and, as such, give rise to double object constructions in Kikongo. The passive, reciprocal, reflexive and stative are valency-decreasing and, as such, they reduce the valency of the verb by one object. This study also suggests that Kikongo is a symmetrical object language in which both objects appear to have equal status.
African languages
M.A.
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Books on the topic "Kituba language (Congo (Democratic Republic))"

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Congo, Alliance biblique de la République démocratique du. Bible: Kuwakana ya Ntama ti Kuwakana ya Mpa. Kinshasa: Société biblique du Congo, 1990.

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Alliance biblique de la République démocratique du Congo. Bible: Kuwakana ya Ntama ti Kuwakana ya Mpa. Kinshasa: Société biblique du Congo, 1990.

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Malozi, André Mpandzou. Lisons et ecrivons en munukutuba: Un manuel d'exercices (pour ceux qui savent déjà lire et écrire en française). Brazzaville: SIL-Congo, 2003.

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M, Hyman Larry, and Nsielanga Tukumu Simon, eds. A grammar of Nzadi [B865]: A Bantu language of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 2011.

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Crane, Thera M. A grammar of Nzadi [B865]: A Bantu language of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 2011.

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Fabian, Johannes. History from below: The Vocabulary of Elisabethville by André Yav : texts, translation, and interpretive essay. Amsterdam: J. Benjamins Pub. Co., 1990.

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Vallaeys, A. La langue mondo: Esquisse grammaticale, textes et dictionnaire. Tervuren, Belgique: Musée royal de l'Afrique centrale, 1991.

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Fabian, Johannes. Language and colonial power: The appropriation of Swahili in the former Belgian Congo, 1880-1938. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1986.

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Itangaza, Mubangu. Apprentissage des langues secondes en RD Congo: Suivi de la version anglaise du texte : Performance analysis, imbalance between input and output : a study in second language acquisition. Paris: L'Harmattan, 2015.

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Beto Túba Kikongo. Madison, Wis: NALRC PRESS, 2007.

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Book chapters on the topic "Kituba language (Congo (Democratic Republic))"

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Nassenstein, Nico. "Democratic Republic of the Congo." In Urban Contact Dialects and Language Change, 28–46. New York: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429487958-4.

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Schneider, Marius, and Vanessa Ferguson. "Congo (Republic of)." In Enforcement of Intellectual Property Rights in Africa. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198837336.003.0015.

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The Republic of the Congo, also known as Congo-Brazzaville, is found in Central Africa. It is bordered by Gabon, Cameroon, the Central African Republic, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, and the enclave of Cabinda, which belongs to Angola. Its population of 5.12 million in 2016 over a territory of 342,000 square kilometres (km) makes it one of the least densely populated country in Africa. The population is highly urbanized with more than half of the population living in the two largest cities, Brazzaville and Pointe Noire. The capital and largest city is Brazzaville. The official language of the Congo is French, but the Constitution also recognizes Lingala and Kituba as national vernacular languages. The currency used is the Central African franc (CFA).
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Kutsch Lojenga, C. "Congo, Democratic Republic of: Language Situation." In Encyclopedia of Language & Linguistics, 27–30. Elsevier, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b0-08-044854-2/01626-6.

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"Map 8 Northwestern Democratic Republic of Congo." In Encyclopedia of Language & Linguistics, i. Elsevier, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b0-08-044854-2/09208-7.

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"Map 9 Northeastern Democratic Republic of Congo." In Encyclopedia of Language & Linguistics, i. Elsevier, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b0-08-044854-2/09209-9.

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"Map 10 Southwestern Democratic Republic of Congo." In Encyclopedia of Language & Linguistics, i. Elsevier, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b0-08-044854-2/09210-5.

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"Map 11 Southeastern Democratic Republic of Congo." In Encyclopedia of Language & Linguistics, i. Elsevier, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b0-08-044854-2/09211-7.

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Palma, Helena Lopez. "Native Languages of the Democratic Republic of Congo." In Handbook of Language Policy and Education in Countries of the Southern African Development Community (SADC), 99–116. BRILL, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/9789004516724_007.

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Bokamba, Eyamba G. "D. R. Congo: Language and ‘Authentic Nationalism’." In Language and National Identity in Africa, 214–34. Oxford University PressOxford, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199286744.003.0012.

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Abstract What is known today as the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) represents one of the most multilingual nations in Africa with an estimated 214 living indigenous languages or ethnic groupings (Ethnologue 2005). To this number must be added French, the declared official language of DRC, and a few other non-indigenous languages (e.g. Lebanese Arabic, English, Greek, Hindi, Portuguese, and Wolof ) that are spoken by significant communities in urban centres. What the ultimate number of languages spoken in DRC may turn out to be and how accurate such a datum may be remain open questions in the absence of census data that include a linguistic component. What is certain, however, is that DRC is a stable multilingual state with twenty-one wellknown major indigenous languages with an estimated population of at least 500,000 each (Ethnologue 2005). Of these, four languages – Kikongo, Kiswahili, Lingala, and Tshiluba – serve as national languages in selected domains, with French as the official language in most public domains (Bokamba 1976, forthcoming).
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Cowart, Melinda Trice. "Facilitating Linguistic and Academic Success for Newcomer English Language Learners." In Handbook of Research on Assessment Practices and Pedagogical Models for Immigrant Students, 218–34. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-9348-5.ch011.

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The landscape of peoples in need has changed dramatically and appears to grow more complex. For today, leaders and citizens in the United States must decide how best to address the needs and aggregate issues related to the very large numbers of refugees from the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Burma, Iraq, Bhutan, Somalia, Syria, and numerous other nations fleeing persecution owing to their political or religious beliefs. Complicating the challenges encountered by newcomer English language learners (ELLs) and their teachers is the wave of xenophobia that has once again had a global impact. Gleaning lessons learned from previous United States refugee resettlement programs about the societal adjustment and educational achievement experienced by refugees from Southeast Asia, from the Cuban Haitian program, from the resettlement of the Karen and Chin Burmese, and others will empower teachers to facilitate greater academic achievement among newcomer ELLs.
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Reports on the topic "Kituba language (Congo (Democratic Republic))"

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Hunter, Janine. Street Life in the City on the Edge: Street youth recount their daily lives in Bukavu, DRC. StreetInvest, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.20933/100001257.

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Bukavu, a city on the shores of Lake Kivu on the eastern edge of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), is home to over one million people, many displaced by poverty and the consequences of armed conflicts that continue to affect the east of the country. More than 10,000 street children and youth live here in street situations. 19 street youth helped to create this story map by recording all the visual data and sharing their stories about their daily lives. The story map includes 9 sections and 2 galleries showing street children and youth’s daily lives in Bukavu and the work of Growing up on the Streets civil society partner PEDER to help them. Chapters include details of how street children and youth collect plastics from the shores of Lake Kivu to sell, they cook, and share food together, or buy from restaurants or stalls. Young women earn their living in sex work and care for their children and young men relax, bond and hope to make extra money by gambling and betting. The original language recorded in the videos is Swahili, this has been translated into English and French for the two versions of the map.
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