Journal articles: 'Kinship Identification'

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Brenner, C. H. "Symbolic Kinship Program." Genetics 145, no. 2 (February 1, 1997): 535–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/145.2.535.

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This paper discusses a computerized algorithm to derive the formula for the likelihood ratio for a kinship problem with any arbitrarily defined relationships based on genetic evidence. The ordinary paternity case with the familiar likelihood formula 1/2q is the commonest example. More generally, any miscellaneous collection of people can be genetically tested to help settle some argument about how they are related, what one might call a “kinship” case. Examples that geneticists and DNA identification laboratories run into include sibship, incest, twin, inheritance, motherless, and corpse identification cases. The strength of the genetic evidence is always described by a likelihood ratio. The general method is described by which the computer program finds the formulas appropriate to these various situations. The benefits and the interest of the program are discussed using many examples, including analyses that have previously been published, some practical problems, and simple and useful rules for dealing with scenarios in which ancestral or fraternal types substitute for those of the alleged father.

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Liu, Chao, Yue Ge, Xiaoqin Mai, and Yue-Jia Luo. "Exploring the conceptual and semantic structure of human kinship: An experimental investigation of Chinese kin terms." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 33, no. 5 (October 2010): 392–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x10001366.

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AbstractWe designed an experiment to test the application of optimality theory (OT) in kinship terminology studies. Specifically, we examined the OT constraints within a set of behavioral data using Chinese kin terms. The results from this behavioral approach support and extend Jones' linguistic approach by identifying underlying cognitive mechanisms that can explain and predict behavioral responses in kinship identification.

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Baer, Gabriel. "The Waqf as a Prop for the Social System (Sixteenth — Twentieth Centuries)." Islamic Law and Society 4, no. 3 (1997): 264–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1568519972599752.

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AbstractIn this essay I argue that an important function of the Muslim waqf in the Near and Middle Eastern social system between the sixteenth and twentieth centuries was to support and reinforce social units or groups based on kinship or quasi-kinship (such as relations between master and freed slave), or on criteria of social class, profession, territory, religion, linguistic-ethnic identity, and ethnic or national identification.

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Bottino, Andrea, Tiago Figueiredo Vieira, and Ihtesham Ul Islam. "Geometric and Textural Cues for Automatic Kinship Verification." International Journal of Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence 29, no. 03 (April 27, 2015): 1556001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218001415560017.

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Automatic Kinship verification aims at recognizing the degree of kinship of two individuals from their facial images and it has possible applications in image retrieval and annotation, forensics and historical studies. This is a recent and challenging problem, which must deal with different degrees of kinship and variations in age and gender. Our work explores the computer identification of parent–child pairs using a combination of (i) features of different natures, based on geometric and textural data, (ii) feature selection and (iii) state-of-the-art classifiers. Experiments show that the proposed approach provides a valuable solution to the kinship verification problem, as suggested by its comparison with different methods on the same data and the same experimental protocols. We further show the good generalization capabilities of our method in several cross-database experiments.

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Kornienko, I. V., K. V. Stepanov, T. G. Faleeva, V. S. Rakuts, I. N. Ivanov, E. S. Mishin, N. V. Kononov, N. E. Levchenko, and Y. S. Sidorenko. "On the Licensing of Forensic DNA Analysis Activities." Theory and Practice of Forensic Science 14, no. 2 (July 13, 2019): 107–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.30764/1819-2785-2019-14-2-107-114.

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The question of whether it is appropriate to classify genetic examinations of kinship as a medical service is considered in the article. Establishment of identity of an unknown individual (alive or dead) with a specific person is a classic example of forensic medical genetic examination. At the same time an examination on establishment of biological kinship of people whose identity is known and doesn’t demand identification cannot be classified as an identificational. That is the study of human DNA to establish kinship cannot be referred to as a class of medical examinations. Forensic medical examination (including genetic) is a type of medical activity which is carried out by a medical organization and therefore needs licensing. However, if an examination is not carried out in a medical organization and there is no word “medical” in the name such an examination cannot be considered as a medical activity and doesn’t need licensing exactly as it is arranged in expert institutions of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation at this point. Such examinations can be considered as a type of forensic biological expertise.

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Syarifuddin, Nurjannah, Abdul Hakim Yassi, and Harlinah Sahib. "A Comparison between English and Makassarese Politeness System: A Comparative Study." ELS Journal on Interdisciplinary Studies in Humanities 5, no. 1 (March 11, 2022): 12–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.34050/elsjish.v5i1.19102.

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This study aimed to describe the dominant variable that affected in use of politeness systems and to analyse the process of native speakers of English and Makassar in using the politeness system through conversations. The method of this study was the quantitative method and used statistic frequency. In this study, there are two variables that affected politeness. These data were processed based on the identification, classification, description, grouping, and calculation. Yassi’s theoretical framework found there are six politeness strategies. The strategies are deference in non-kinship, deference in kinship, intimacy in non-kinship, intimacy in kinship, hierarchy in non-kinship, and hierarchy in kinship. Based on his theory, age and seniority were the most affected in use politeness. The researcher found the difference in this study. The research finding indicates that the two variables do not affected the politeness systems of English but it is affected for Makassarese politeness systems. The English and Makassarese were different countries, so the politeness systems were also different. The English used FTA in doing communications and Makassarese has positive and negative politeness. The educational background is the dominant variable in use negative politeness and the age affect in use positive politeness for Makassarese.

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Alvergne, Alexandra, Fanny Perreau, Allan Mazur, Ulrich Mueller, and Michel Raymond. "Identification of visual paternity cues in humans." Biology Letters 10, no. 4 (April 2014): 20140063. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2014.0063.

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Understanding how individuals identify their relatives has implications for the evolution of social behaviour. Kinship cues might be based on familiarity, but in the face of paternity uncertainty and costly paternal investment, other mechanisms such as phenotypic matching may have evolved. In humans, paternal recognition of offspring and subsequent discriminative paternal investment have been linked to father–offspring facial phenotypic similarities. However, the extent to which paternity detection is impaired by environmentally induced facial information is unclear. We used 27 portraits of fathers and their adult sons to quantify the level of paternity detection according to experimental treatments that manipulate the location, type and quantity of visible facial information. We found that (i) the lower part of the face, that changes most with development, does not contain paternity cues, (ii) paternity can be detected even if relational information within the face is disrupted and (iii) the signal depends on the presence of specific information rather than their number. Taken together, the results support the view that environmental effects have little influence on the detection of paternity using facial similarities. This suggests that the cognitive dispositions enabling the facial detection of kinship relationships ignore genetic irrelevant facial information.

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Howell, Todd L., and Keith W. Kintigh. "Archaeological Identification of Kin Groups Using Mortuary and Biological Data: An Example from the American Southwest." American Antiquity 61, no. 3 (July 1996): 537–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/281839.

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Despite the central role that kinship plays in key anthropological arguments, recent archaeological efforts to detect kinship have been notably scarce. Here, age and sex distributions and dental morphology traits that reflect genetic affinity are used to argue that specific kin groups were buried in formal, spatially discrete cemeteries in the ancestral Zuni settlement of Hawikku. The inferred kin groups are then used to investigate Hawikku political structure. Results show that community leaders, identified on the basis of mortuary treatments and grave offerings, were selected from a small number of kin groups, suggesting an ascriptive element to leadership selection.

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Frello, Birgitta. "Sporløs – Om biologi, identitet og slægten som fjernsyn [Find My Family - On biology, identity and kinship on television]." MedieKultur: Journal of media and communication research 27, no. 51 (September 26, 2011): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/mediekultur.v27i51.4073.

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During recent years, the Danish public service television station (DR) has launched several documentary serials that focus on kinship and genealogy. Genealogy makes ‘good TV’ because it enables an immediate identification with the protagonist of the programme. Furthermore, the protagonist’s personal story can function as a vehicle for telling other stories. However, the way kinship is depicted in the serials presupposes that a person’s knowledge about her biological kin equals knowledge about her personal identity. The article analyses the serial <em>Find my Family</em> (Danish: <em>Sporløs</em>), discussing the naturalisation of biological kin and the possible consequences of the conceptualisation of kinship that is taken for granted in the serial.

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Lowes, Sara. "Kinship Structure & Women: Evidence from Economics." Daedalus 149, no. 1 (January 2020): 119–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/daed_a_01777.

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Economists are increasingly interested in understanding how culture shapes outcomes for women and the origins of these cultural practices. I review recent work in economics on how culture affects the well-being of women in developing countries, much of which is motivated by work in anthropology. I present evidence on the role of kinship structure, particularly matrilineal relative to patrilineal systems, for shaping women's preferences, exposure to domestic violence, and the health and education of children. Additionally, I discuss research on the effects of cultural practices, such as bride-price, and how the organization of production affects gender norms. Economists, with a careful focus on causal identification, contribute to the evidence that culture is an important determinant of outcomes for women.

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Almuashi, Mohammed, Siti Zaiton Mohd Hashim, Dzulkifli Mohamad, Mohammed Hazim Alkawaz, and Aida Ali. "Automated kinship verification and identification through human facial images: a survey." Multimedia Tools and Applications 76, no. 1 (November 7, 2015): 265–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11042-015-3007-5.

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Christie, Chitra, and Nia Agus Lestari. "IDENTIFIKASI MORFOLOGI DAN KEKERABATAN SALAK DI JAWA TIMUR." VIABEL: Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu-Ilmu Pertanian 14, no. 2 (November 12, 2020): 26–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.35457/viabel.v14i2.1228.

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Salak has the scientific name Salacca zalacca including a low-growing family of palms. This seasonal fruit plant is a type of horticulture that has the potentioal to become an axport commodity in Indonesia. In East Java, especially in Lumajang, Madura and Kediri are areas that produce salak commodities. Morphological identification aims to obtain basic traits so that the appearance or phenotype of each accession can be distinguished quickly and easily, by estimating how much genetic diversity it has. This study aims to determine the morphological characters and to determine the salak kinship of Lumajang, Kediri and Madura. The result of phylogeny analysis of the Salacca zalacca kinship in East Java show that the results of the kinship analysis of the salak in the Lumajang, Kediri and Madura areas formed 2 large groups or cluster. So it can be concluded that the Salacca zalacca originating from the Lumajang, Kediri and Madura areas still come from the same ancestor. This can be seen from the value of kinship distance, the morphological identificaion equation. In addition, environmental factors can also affect the morphology of plants. Sunlight intensity, N and P nutrients can also affect the difference in leaf color

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Baruchi-Unna, Amitai. "Jehuites, Ahabites, and Omrides: Blood Kinship and Bloodshed." Journal for the Study of the Old Testament 42, no. 1 (September 2017): 3–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0309089216661177.

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Hypothesizing that Jehu was a scion of the royal family founded by Omri, as the inscriptions of Shalmaneser of Assyria suggest, this article aims at clarifying the way the ancient sources referring to Jehu's coup present the accompanying bloodshed as affecting ‘the House of Ahab’ alone. Jehu's identification as Ahab's kinsman clarifies the positions he held under the Ahabites—bodyguard and general—presupposing royal personal trust. Jehu's status as an Omride may explain his decision to leave Jezreel, the capital of the Ahabites, not to establish a new capital, but to rule from Samaria, the capital founded by Omri, who is suggested to have been their common forefather.

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Wright, Kirsty, Amy Mundorff, Janet Chaseling, Christopher Maguire, and Denis I. Crane. "Identifying child victims of the South-East Asia Tsunami in Thailand." Disaster Prevention and Management: An International Journal 27, no. 4 (August 6, 2018): 447–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/dpm-02-2018-0044.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to reveal difficulties associated with identifying child victims of the 2004 South-East Asia Tsunami at the Thai Tsunami Victim Identification (TTVI) operation in Phuket and explores two strategies that increased child identifications. Design/methodology/approach Data allowing comparison of identification proportions between adult and child (defined as ⩽16 years old) victims of six nationalities and the forensic methods used to establish identification were used in this study. Findings The first 100 days of the operation revealed that the proportion of adult identifications far outweighed the proportion of child identifications. Moreover, the younger the child, the longer the identification process took (p<0.0001). Children under the age of 1 year took an average of 195 days to identify compared to 130 days for children aged 16. Identification was extended, on average, 4.3 days for each year that victims younger were than 16. Identifying large numbers of child victims requires targeted protocols. Two efforts increased child identifications for the TTVI operation: using body length to distinguish post-mortem (PM) DNA samples potentially belonging to children for targeted testing, and singling out deceased parents of missing children who were previously identified by a modality other than DNA, in order to retrieve and test their PM samples as references for kinship matching. Disaster victim identification operations with similar characteristics may benefit from implementing a strategy targeting child identifications. Originality/value The implementation of these two strategies at the TTVI helped to overcome initial complexities, namely, the lack of ante-mortem and PM material, and increased child identifications.

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Qin, Qian, Zi-Xiu Li, Bing-Bing Wu, Hui-Jun Wang, Xin-Ran Dong, Yu-Lan Lu, and Wen-Hao Zhou. "Kinship identification based on rare severe variants from trio whole exome sequencing." Pediatric Medicine 2 (May 2019): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.21037/pm.2019.05.03.

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Bertoglio, Barbara, Pierangela Grignani, Paola Di Simone, Nicolò Polizzi, Danilo De Angelis, Cristina Cattaneo, Agata Iadicicco, Paolo Fattorini, Silvano Presciuttini, and Carlo Previderè. "Disaster victim identification by kinship analysis: the Lampedusa October 3rd, 2013 shipwreck." Forensic Science International: Genetics 44 (January 2020): 102156. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fsigen.2019.102156.

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Youn, Byeong Ju, Woo-Cheol Cho, Suyeon Yoo, Kyungmyung Lee, and Cho Hee Kim. "Identification of novel SNP markers for kinship analysis in the Korean population." Forensic Science International 342 (January 2023): 111541. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.forsciint.2022.111541.

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Howell, Todd L., and Keith W. Kintigh. "Determining Gender and Kinship at Hawikku: A Reply to Corruccini." American Antiquity 63, no. 1 (January 1998): 164–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2694784.

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Corruccini questions our identification of kin group-based cemeteries and our inference of an ascriptive component of leadership at Hawikku based on the presumed use of flawed sex determinations, statistical problems, and inattention to potential gender-based differences in morphological similarity. We address each of these topics and present new evidence to support our contention that cemeteries at Hawikku were kin based.

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Liu, Fan, Zewen Li, Wenjie Yang, and Feng Xu. "Age-Invariant Adversarial Feature Learning for Kinship Verification." Mathematics 10, no. 3 (February 2, 2022): 480. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math10030480.

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Kinship verification aims to determine whether two given persons are blood relatives. This technique can be leveraged in many real-world scenarios, such as finding missing people, identification of kinship in forensic medicine, and certain types of interdisciplinary research. Most existing methods extract facial features directly from given images and examine the full set of features to verify kinship. However, most approaches are easily affected by the age gap among faces, with few methods taking age into account. This paper accordingly proposes an Age-Invariant Adversarial Feature learning module (AIAF), which is capable of factoring in full facial features to create two uncorrelated components, i.e., identity-related features and age-related features. More specifically, we harness a type of adversarial mechanism to make the correlation between these two components as small as possible. Moreover, to pay different attention to identity-related features, we present an Identity Feature Weighted module (IFW). Only purified identity features are fed into the IFW module, which can assign different weights to the features according to their importance in the kinship verification task. Experimental results on three public popular datasets demonstrate that our approach is able to capture useful age-invariant features, i.e., identity features, and achieve significant improvements compared with other state-of-the-art methods on both small-scale and large-scale datasets.

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Riyadini, Amalia Ayuk, Maheno Sri Widodo, and Mohamad Fadjar. "Cytochrome Oxidase C Subunit I (COI) for Identification and Genetic Variation of Loaches (Nemacheilus fasciatus)." Research Journal of Life Science 7, no. 3 (December 1, 2020): 142–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.21776/ub.rjls.2020.007.03.4.

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Nemacheilus fasciatus is an Indonesian freshwater fish species that can be found in river waters on Java. This fish has a morphological similarity between species. This study aims to identify species of samples found and know their genetic kinship. This study used the Cytochrome Oxidase subunit I (COI) gene as a molecular marker, and then the results were analyzed using MEGA X software. The genetic structure and phylogeny of N. fasciatus sequences were combined with outgroup species from GenBank and analyzed using Maximum Likehood (ML), Pairwise Genetic Distance and Bootstrapping Phylogeny Model of Kimura 2 Parameters. The results showed that the primary pairs of LCO1490 and HCO2198 used to amplify the sample N. fasciatus with COI as a marker. The nucleotide frequencies of these loaches are A=26.5%, T=23.8%, C=19.9% and G=29.9%. The estimated Transition/Transversion bias (R) is 0.60. The number of haplotype diversity (Hd) was 0.972, and nucleotide (Pi) diversity was 0.05115. The kinship of N. fasciatus compared to the outgroup is closer to N. pallidus than N. chrysolaimos. Research needs to be conducted with a larger sample size for the genetic diversity of N. fasciatus in Indonesia.

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Ayoz, Kerem, Miray Aysen, Erman Ayday, and A. Ercument Cicek. "The effect of kinship in re-identification attacks against genomic data sharing beacons." Bioinformatics 36, Supplement_2 (December 2020): i903—i910. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btaa821.

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Abstract Motivation Big data era in genomics promises a breakthrough in medicine, but sharing data in a private manner limit the pace of field. Widely accepted ‘genomic data sharing beacon’ protocol provides a standardized and secure interface for querying the genomic datasets. The data are only shared if the desired information (e.g. a certain variant) exists in the dataset. Various studies showed that beacons are vulnerable to re-identification (or membership inference) attacks. As beacons are generally associated with sensitive phenotype information, re-identification creates a significant risk for the participants. Unfortunately, proposed countermeasures against such attacks have failed to be effective, as they do not consider the utility of beacon protocol. Results In this study, for the first time, we analyze the mitigation effect of the kinship relationships among beacon participants against re-identification attacks. We argue that having multiple family members in a beacon can garble the information for attacks since a substantial number of variants are shared among kin-related people. Using family genomes from HapMap and synthetically generated datasets, we show that having one of the parents of a victim in the beacon causes (i) significant decrease in the power of attacks and (ii) substantial increase in the number of queries needed to confirm an individual’s beacon membership. We also show how the protection effect attenuates when more distant relatives, such as grandparents are included alongside the victim. Furthermore, we quantify the utility loss due adding relatives and show that it is smaller compared with flipping based techniques.

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Yoshida, Koichi, Kazuhiro Yayama, Atsushi Hatanaka, and Keiji Tamaki. "Efficacy of extended kinship analyses utilizing commercial STR kit in establishing personal identification." Legal Medicine 13, no. 1 (January 2011): 12–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.legalmed.2010.09.001.

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Grover, Ranjana, Hua Jiang, Rosemary S. Turingan, Julie L. French, Eugene Tan, and Richard F. Selden. "FlexPlex27—highly multiplexed rapid DNA identification for law enforcement, kinship, and military applications." International Journal of Legal Medicine 131, no. 6 (March 3, 2017): 1489–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00414-017-1567-9.

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Ma, Guanju, Bin Cong, and Shujin Li. "AUCP: An indicator for system effectiveness of panels in pairwise distant kinship identification." Forensic Science International 316 (November 2020): 110539. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.forsciint.2020.110539.

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Putri, Dwi Fitrianti Arieza, and Ahmad Yudianto. "THE USE OF KINSHIP ANALYSIS ON PATERNITY TESTING THROUGH CODIS STR LOCI ‘CSF1PO’ AND ‘THO1’." Biomolecular and Health Science Journal 2, no. 2 (October 31, 2019): 113. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/bhsj.v2i2.15793.

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Introduction: Paternity tests compare a child’s DNA pattern with the possible father to examine the DNA heritage in ensuring kinship. If there is no information from the father and mother or the child that can be used as a comparison in the forensic DNA examination process (paternity test), there must be a comparison from a close relative as an alternative to obtain the forensic DNA examination. This experiment’s purpose is to analyze the use of kinship analysis in forensic identification especially in a paternity test. Methods: This is a descriptive experiment using a cross-sectional design through locus analysis of DNA forensic examination in paternity test using the kinship analysis through STR CODIS loci: CSF1PO and THO1. The variables of this experiment were ‘locus’ as the independent variable and ‘allele number’ as the dependent variable. This experiment conducted a paternity tests to 8 samples in which the subjects were siblings; the test was administered on the CSF1PO and TH01 loci. Results: This experiment displayed similar allele numbers on the same locus, both in 50% and 100% allele numbers; the research showed similarity in allele numbers of both siblings of which ¼ were inherited from the parents (for 50% allele number similarity), and ½ were inherited from the parents (for 100% allele number similarity). Conclusion: This proves that a paternity test using siblings as the closest kin (kinship analysis) can be used as an alternative if no comparison is obtained from both the parents.

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Rud, Yu P. "RAPID DIAGNOSTIC OF FISH FLAVOBACTERIOSIS USING POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION." Agriciltural microbiology 18 (March 31, 2014): 132–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.35868/1997-3004.18.132-145.

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The method of rapid identification of fish flavobacteriosis using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was developed. Specifity and efficiency of the selected oligonucleotide primers was confirmed. Nine Flavobacterium strains were isolated from clinically healthy and infected with Flavobacteriosis rainbow trout Onchorhynchus mykiss. Flavobacterium columnare strain was identified using the developed rapid diagnosis method. Phylogenetic analysis had indicated the kinship of isolated strains to Flavobacterium genera. Neither F. psychrophylum or F. branchiophilum strains were identified in the isolated samples. The species identification capacity using the 16S rRNA gene restriction analysis was shown. The developed PCR method can be used for rapid identification of different fish flavobacteriosis forms in fish farms in Ukraine.

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Fordham, Signithia. "Racelessness as a Factor in Black Students' School Success: Pragmatic Strategy or Pyrrhic Victory?" Harvard Educational Review 58, no. 1 (April 1, 1988): 54–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.17763/haer.58.1.c5r77323145r7831.

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Signithia Fordham presents an analysis of the tensions high-achieving Black students feel when they strive for academic success. Students are pulled by their dual relationships to the indigenous Black fictive-kinship system and the individualistic, competitive ideology of American schools. By analyzing ethnographic data on six high-achieving Black high school students, the author finds that the characteristics required for success in society contradict an identification and solidarity with Black culture. Students who feel the conflict between"making it" and group identification develop the particular strategy of racelessness.

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Cahyono, Ragil Nur, Agung Budiharjo, and Sugiyarto Sugiyarto. "KEANEKARAGAMAN DAN KEKERABATAN IKAN FAMILI CYPRINIDAE PADA EKOSISTEM BENDUNGAN COLO SUKOHARJO JAWA TENGAH." EnviroScienteae 14, no. 2 (October 15, 2018): 137. http://dx.doi.org/10.20527/es.v14i2.5478.

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The Cyprinidae fish family is a family of freshwater fish with the largest number of species and its presence is widespread almost all of the world. The main habitat of this family is the river's ecosystem, river damming changing the environmental conditions between the ecosystems before and after the dam's watergate. Such as Colo Dam that dammed Bengawan Solo River that allegedly affects the diversity of species of Cyprinidae fish. So this study was conducted in order to determine the diversity and kinship of the Cyprinidae fish family in the ecosystem before and after the Colo Dam watergate. Sampling was conducted September-October 2017 at Sukoharjo Colo Dam by Purposive sampling method. Identify fish species used Kottelat identification books. The diversity of fish species was calculated by Shannon Wiener's diversity index. The correlation between abiotic factor and fish diversity was analyzed by a regression test. The kinship of the fish was analyzed by the Ntsys cluster method (2.02i). The results showed that the Cyprinidae fish species that live in the Colo Dam ecosystem contain 10 species, the diversity of Cyprinidae fish in the fast-water ecosystem of station I is higher (0,96) then the slow-water ecosystem of station II, III, and IV (0,47; 0,73, and 0,58). Abiotic factors of current velocity affect the level of fish diversity reaches 91%. The Cyprinidae fish kinship rate has a coefficient of resemblance between 60% - 85%, fish with the same genus and many similarities in morphological characters and their behavior is categorized as having a close kinship.

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Owusu, Sandra A., Scott E. Schlarbaum, John E. Carlson, and Oliver Gailing. "Pollen gene flow and molecular identification of full-sib families in small and isolated population fragments of Gleditsia triacanthos L." Botany 94, no. 7 (July 2016): 523–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjb-2015-0244.

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To analyze the utility of isolated remnant populations for full-sibling (full-sib) identification among open-pollinated single-tree progeny in the outcrossing and insect-pollinated tree Gleditsia triacanthos L. (honey locust), we performed paternity analyses in forest fragments from two geographic regions using nuclear microsatellites. The first plot (Butternut Valley population) comprised only 7 trees, and 552 seedlings from a single seed parent were characterized at nuclear microsatellites. A large number of putative pollen donors (59) were identified in kinship analyses, but their individual contributions to the progeny were highly variable. Kinship and paternity analyses identified 149 putative full-sibs for genetic mapping sired by an external (unsampled) pollen parent. To better assess the frequency of long-distance pollen dispersal, a total of 180 seeds were collected from 6 seed parents in another fragmented population. In both plots, contemporary pollen dispersal occurred generally from outside the plots (99.38% and 87.50%–100% at the Butternut Valley and Ames Plantation sites, respectively) and thus over very long distances (>12 000 m in the Ames Plantation) suggesting that in highly fragmented landscapes, insect pollinators of honey locust are likely very effective long-distance dispersers.

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Hartman, D., L. Benton, L. Morenos, J. Beyer, M. Spiden, and A. Stock. "Examples of kinship analysis where Profiler Plus™ was not discriminatory enough for the identification of victims using DNA identification." Forensic Science International 205, no. 1-3 (February 2011): 64–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.forsciint.2010.09.009.

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Subari, Ahmad, Abdul Razak, and Ramadhan Sumarmin. "Phylogenetic Analysis of Rasbora spp. Based on the Mitochondrial DNA COI gene in Harapan Forest." Jurnal Biologi Tropis 21, no. 1 (January 22, 2021): 89. http://dx.doi.org/10.29303/jbt.v21i1.2351.

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Harapan forest is the remaining lowland tropical forest in Sumatra which represents about 20 percent of the biodiversity on the island of Sumatra. There are several Rasbora species found in the Sungai Kapas Tengah River Refuge in the Harapan Jambi Forest that the relationship is not yet known.This research aims to know kinship and genetic distance several species of Rasbora from Sungai Kapas Tengah, Hutan Harapan Jambi. The method in this research using secondary data from the NCBI website ((National Center for Biotechnology Information). The data taken, namelynucleotide sequence from the Cytochrome Oxidase I (COI) gene in mitochondrial DNA. The Rasbora species analyzed were Rasbora from identification results in the Sungai Kapas Tengah River Refuge, Harapan Jambi Forest, consisting of, Rasbora bankanensis, R. caudimaculata, R. cf. sumatrana, R. dusonensis, R. elegans, R. sumatrana, and R. trilineata. Based on phylogenetic analysis, the location of the branch length in each Rasbora species, the closest kinship is owned byR. sumatrana and R. elegans species. Based on the results of genetic distance analysis, the closest genetic distance was the species R. elegans and R. sumatrana, with a distance value of 0.023 (2.3%). While the farthest genetic distance between R. bankanensis and R. caudimaculata, with a distance value of 0.172 (17.2%).Based on research results It can be concluded that R. bankanensis has a greater kinship and genetic distance value than other Rasbora species, so that this species forms a separate group. Meanwhile, 5 other species have kinship and the value of close genetic distance so that these species are united in the same group. For future researchers, it is hoped that some additional families of fish species will be analyzed for phylogenetic analysis in Sungai Kapas, Hutan Harapan Jambi, so that they can find out the relationship of several other species.

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Damayanti, Pradina, Dian Bhagawati, and Nuning Setyaningrum. "Identifikasi dan Kekerabatan Fenotipe Ikan Familia Cyprinidae Asal Waduk Sempor, Jawa Tengah." EKOTONIA: Jurnal Penelitian Biologi, Botani, Zoologi dan Mikrobiologi 7, no. 1 (June 30, 2022): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.33019/ekotonia.v7i1.3138.

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The basic data needed to support reservoir management includes information on fish diversity. Research has been conducted to determine the diversity, phenetic relationship, and simple identification keys for Cyprinidae fish from Sempor Reservoir, Sempor District, Kebumen Regency, Central Java Province. The study was carried out in the period August 2020 to February 2021 with a survey method, and sampling using a purposive random sampling technique. The variables observed were phenotypic characters and species kinship relationships. Parameters observed were morphological performance. Fish body measurements were carried out using standard morphometry. Calculations were made on the number of species and the meristics of each species. The data obtained were analyzed using the NTSYS 2.02i application. to get kinship. Morphological performance was analyzed descriptively. During the research, five fish species from the Familia Cyprinidae were found, including Barbodes binotatus, Barbonymus balleroides, Osteochilus vittatus, Puntius sp., and Rasbora argyrotaenia. The closest phenetic relationship is between B. binotatus and Puntius sp. with a similarity index value of 0.909. The furthest relationship between R. argyrotaenia and B. binotatus with a similarity index value of 0.742. Morphological performance that can be used as a key identification character in Cyprinidae fish from Sempor Reservoir is the presence of a black spot on the tail rod; the reddish color of the abdominal fins, anal fins, and eyes; and a silvery color shaped like a ribbon along the body.

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Cerel, Julie, Myfanwy Maple, Rosalie Aldrich, and Judy van de Venne. "Exposure to Suicide and Identification as Survivor." Crisis 34, no. 6 (November 1, 2013): 413–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/0227-5910/a000220.

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Background: There is little empirical evidence regarding lifetime exposure to suicide or identification of those impacted by suicide deaths. Studies previously conducted used only convenience samples. Aims: To determine the prevalence of suicide exposure in the community and those affected by suicide deaths. Methods: A random digit dial sample of 302 adults. Results: 64% of the sample knew someone who had attempted or died by suicide, and 40% knew someone who died by suicide. No demographic variables differentiated exposed versus unexposed, indicating that exposure to suicide cuts across demographics. Almost 20% said they were a “survivor” and had been significantly affected by a suicide death. Demographic variables did not differentiate groups. The relationship to the decedent was not related to self-identified survivor status; what did differentiate those individuals impacted by the death from those who did not was their perception of their relationship with the decedent. Conclusions: Kinship proximity and relationship category to the deceased appeared to be unrelated to survivor status, but perceived psychological closeness to the deceased showed a robust association with self-identified survivor status. We need an expanded definition of “suicide survivor” to account for the profound impact of suicide in the community.

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Alterauge, Amelie, Sandra Lösch, Andrea Sulzer, Mario Gysi, and Cordula Haas. "Beyond simple kinship and identification: aDNA analyses from a 17th-19th century crypt in Germany." Forensic Science International: Genetics 53 (July 2021): 102498. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fsigen.2021.102498.

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Modin, H., T. Masterman, T. Thorlacius, M. Stefánsson, A. Jónasdóttir, K. Stefánsson, J. Hillert, and J. Gulcher. "Genome-wide linkage screen of a consanguineous multiple sclerosis kinship." Multiple Sclerosis Journal 9, no. 2 (April 2003): 128–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1191/1352458503ms894oa.

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Multiple sclerosis (MS), like A lzheimer’s disease (A D) and Parkinson’s disease (PD), is a common neurological disorder thought to be caused by the interaction of several genes with unknown environmental factors. In both A D and PD the identification of disease forms inherited in a classic Mendelian fashion has helped investigators elucidate pathogenetic mechanisms. In this study a whole-genome screen, with an average of 608 successful genotypes per person, was performed on nine members of a consanguineous family: the index case, three of her siblings and her daughter, all of whom have been diagnosed with definite MS; as well as the parents of the index case (first cousins), one of her five healthy siblings and her husband (who is also her first cousin). Nonparametric linkage analysis was performed on genotyping data. Based on the presence of consanguinity, the a priori hypothesis was that the disease is transmitted in an autosomal recessive fashion in the pedigree. Linkage analysis revealed a suggestive logarithm of odds (LO D) score of 2.29 on the long arm of chromosome 9. Four of five affected family members were identically homozygous for a haplotype under this peak, spanning approximately 43 cM, while the fifth affected subject and all unaffected family members were hetero zygous for the haplotype.

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Kropp, Kael. "No House, No Vote." Political Science Undergraduate Review 7, no. 2 (April 15, 2022): 4–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.29173/psur269.

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Canadian election laws oscillate between elite and participatory approaches, where the former precludes, and the latter facilitates, equity-deserving groups from exercising their democratic right to vote. The term ‘houseless’ replaces the pejorative ‘homeless’, removing the inherent familial and kinship components of home possession to focus on lacking shelter as the missing element of one’s life. In this paper, I marshal extant scholarship in elections policy, voter identification law, and political history to argue that elite voter identification laws systematically exclude houseless voters from Canadian political venues. I articulate and defend a participatory approach in designing future election legislation, extinguishing heuristics surrounding houseless Canadians and supporting their political involvement. This article provides directions for optimal voter identification laws, reflecting a participatory approach to protect the democratic rights of every Canadian—not just those with a permanent roof over their heads.

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Smith, Daniel Jordan. "Legacies of Biafra: Marriage, ‘Home People’ and Reproduction Among the Igbo of Nigeria." Africa 75, no. 1 (February 2005): 30–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/afr.2005.75.1.30.

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AbstractThis article examines the ways in which the legacies and collective memories of Biafra, the secessionist state established at the time of Nigeria's civil war from 1967 to1970, shape contemporary Igbo practices and experiences of marriage, rural–urban ties and reproduction. The importance of appropriate and permanent marriage and the perceived necessity of dependable affinal relations for contemporary Igbos are analysed in relation to recollections of marriage during the war. The intense identification of migrant Igbos with place of origin and the importance of ‘home’ and ‘home people’ are situated in the context of the legacy of Biafra. The importance of kinship relationships for access to patron–client networks is linked to the Igbo perception of marginalization in the wake of Biafra. Igbo ideas about the significance of reproduction and the vital importance of ‘having people’ are reinforced through collective memories of Biafra. Igbo people's conceptions of Nigerian politics, their understandings of the social and economic importance of kinship and community in contemporary Nigeria, and even their reproductive decisions can be better explained by taking into account the legacies of Biafra.

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Mahat, Naji, Aedrianee Alwi, Faezah Salleh, Seri Ishar, Mohammad Kamaluddin, and Mohd Rashid. "Applications of X-Chromosome Short Tandem Repeats for Human Identification: A Review." Journal of Tropical Life Science 13, no. 1 (January 31, 2023): 193–218. http://dx.doi.org/10.11594/jtls.13.01.19.

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The forensic DNA profiling technique has tremendously contributed to forensic human identification, an important aspect in forensic investigations. In instances whereby comparison samples are unavailable, utilization of short tandem repeats of X chromosome (X-STRs) may prove useful to resolve complex kinship investigations involving missing persons and mass disasters. Despite such evidential values, the use of X-STRs during investigations remains scarce in many Southeast Asian countries including Malaysia, requiring concerted efforts for establishing forensic statistical support for its diverse populations (especially the admixture populations), standardizing core loci and procedure, improving the knowledge among practitioners as well as developing suitable standard operating procedure for incorporating X-STRs analysis in the overall DNA profiling framework. Hence, this review paper aims to highlight the developments, applications and population data of X-STRs, as well as its challenges and future insights for forensic casework.

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Zhao, Guang-Bin, Guan-Ju Ma, Chi Zhang, Ke-Lai Kang, Shu-Jin Li, and Le Wang. "BGISEQ-500RS sequencing of a 448-plex SNP panel for forensic individual identification and kinship analysis." Forensic Science International: Genetics 55 (November 2021): 102580. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fsigen.2021.102580.

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Lee, Fred. "Fantasies of Asian American Kinship Disrupted: Identification and Disidentification in Michael Kang's The Motel." Critical Philosophy of Race 4, no. 1 (March 1, 2016): 6–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.5325/critphilrace.4.1.6.

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Abstract This article interprets Michael Kang's independent feature The Motel (2005) as a critique of the Asian American fantasy of post- 1965 incorporation into the multicultural US polity. The film discloses that this Asian American Dream is normatively constituted by heteronormative, middle-class, intra-racial kinship. The protagonist Ernest Chin's longing for this kind of normative Asian American family is symptomatic of his identification with the exclusionary norms of the incorporative fantasy. In a moment of disidentification, though, Ernest is able to release his grip on the dream and its reciprocal grip on him. Disidentification, in my usage, is a kind of political action that both disrupts and reworks processes of social formation from within. As a contribution to the critical philosophy of race, my rendition of disidentification draws on recent developments in cultural studies and political theory to address the critical theoretical question of the psychic life of domination.

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Lee. "Fantasies of Asian American Kinship Disrupted: Identification and Disidentification in Michael Kang's The Motel." Critical Philosophy of Race 4, no. 1 (2016): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.5325/critphilrace.4.1.0006.

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KEDDIE, VINCENT. "CIass identification and party preference among manual workers: the influence of community, union membership and kinship*." Canadian Review of Sociology/Revue canadienne de sociologie 17, no. 1 (July 14, 2008): 24–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1755-618x.1980.tb01247.x.

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Vila Freyer, Ana. "Double-Edged Roots: Two Advance-Parole ‘Dacamented’ Mexican Women Visiting Their Country of Birth." Migration Letters 19, no. 1 (January 17, 2022): 3–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.33182/ml.v19i1.1796.

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This article explores the experience of two young migrant women protected under DACA visiting Mexico within the advance parole program in 2017. It builds on qualitative research fieldwork conducted in Mexico and the US in 2018. This article discusses how they reconnected with their country of birth, after living caged in the US as children and teenagers and reinforced their sense of belonging to the US. This paper stresses their different experiences depending on the age of emigration, because of the memories that the young people may have endured of family and places. As other studies have documented, the short stay helped the young women understand the reasons that led their parents to emigrate and reinforced a sense of belonging to the US as they underpin their identification with Mexico, and it also helped build direct ties with their kinship. The paper concludes with the idea of double-edged roots to the ancestral homeland, because as the short visit to Mexico reinforces the idea that although Mexico is the country in which they do embrace an emotional kinship, it is not the country in which they feel embedded to achieve their life, their promised land is the US.

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Parkin, R. J. "Tibeto-Burman and Indo-European loans in Burushaski Kinship terminology." Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies 50, no. 2 (June 1987): 325–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0041977x00049053.

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Burushaski consists of two dialects spoken respectively in the Hunza and Nagir valleys (the dialect most usually called Burushaski; henceforward Bu.) and the Yasin valley (Wershikwar, henceforward Wk.) in the Northern Areas of Pakistani Kashmir. Although the language is genetically an isolate, it contains a considerable number of loans from the unrelated languages with which it is in contact, chiefly Indo-European (IE) Shina, Khowar and Dumaki, and Tibeto-Burman (TB) Balti. The chief sources for Burushaski have no difficulty in identifying loans from the former, but TB ones have by and large escaped notice or been disregarded. It is only Lorimer who deals with this question at any length, and even he relegates the data to an appendix in his dictionary because, he says (III, pp. vii-viii), of his limited knowledge of Tibetan. Therefore, the bulk of this article will discuss all the identifiable instances of TB loans in Burushaski in one particular area of vocabulary, namely, kin terms, as well as the possibility that the standard TB honorific prefix, a–, often attached to TB kin terms for elder kin, is present at least in Bu., in both loans and native material. Also discussed are a number of more problematic cases, as well as some that can only be understood as instances of common borrowing by both Burushaski and TB from IE. Finally, I list for convenience the undoubted IE loans among Burushaski kin terms, which will demand much less discussion in view of their identification already in Lorimer and Berger. The whole is intended as a preliminary to a further, somewhat longer, article I wish to publish discussing the whole Burushaski kinship terminology from a more semantic and anthropological point of view.

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Ali, Ali. "Warming up narratives of community: Queer kinship and emotional exile." Intersections 8, no. 4 (2022): 10–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.17356/ieejsp.v8i4.1014.

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This text tackles questions of what makes a community and belonging possible and sensible. Rather than focusing on a specific community, it centers the ongoing collective living and communality at work in constructing and deconstructing narratives of belonging. The text is based on a year-long ethnographic fieldwork in gender-political communities in Helsinki, among people whose state-authorized residence in Finland is (sought to be) recognized based on the need for protection from sexuality- and gender-based violence in communities of origin/departure. I begin with narratives that participants mobilize to make sense of belonging to a given community or collective (queer, multicultural, Finnish/European) and non-belonging to another (community of origin). Then, I discuss possibilities of affinity, alliance and politics that rethink normative/restrictive structures of identification and othering/exclusion. I foreground queerhood for 1) its praxis of problematizing normative boundaries of communities, 2) its juxtaposition of the intimate and the communal to mobilize vulnerability as transformative to violent structures. I argue that the precarity of queer racialized exiles might entail strategic, but possibly complacent, investment in racializing norms. This precludes consideration of unjust structures in the desired society of settlement. However, the realm of precarity opens to (re)consideration and contestations of the norms and terms of belonging to the idealized desired (Finnish/European/multicultural) community. Scholars have highlighted that experiencing racializing queer-political milieus induces shifts in racialized queers’ narratives of belonging and affinity. My ethnography on mundane narratives in the uncertainty and unmooring of exile traces how abstracted and dichotomous/factionalist narratives of community open and warm up to a queerer sense of kinship that is more attuned to considerations of the lived-experience violence to difference (and the different) within and without these boundaries of belonging.

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Ahmad, Ali, Jin-Da Wang, Yong-Bao Pan, Rahat Sharif, and San-Ji Gao. "Development and Use of Single Sequence Repeats (SSRs) Markers for Sugarcane Breeding and Genetic Studies." Agronomy 8, no. 11 (November 12, 2018): 260. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy8110260.

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Recently-developed molecular markers are becoming powerful tools, with applications in crop genetics and improvement. Microsatellites, or simple sequence repeats (SSRs), are widely used in genetic fingerprinting, kinship analysis, and population genetics, because of the advantages of high variability from co-dominant and multi-allelic polymorphisms, and accurate and rapid detection. However, more recent evidence suggests they may play an important role in genome evolution and provide hotspots of recombination. This review describes the development of SSR markers through different techniques, and the detection of SSR markers and applications for sugarcane genetic research and breeding, such as cultivar identification, genetic diversity, genome mapping, quantitative trait loci (QTL) analysis, paternity analysis, cross-species transferability, segregation analysis, phylogenetic relationships, and identification of wild cross hybrids. We also discuss the advantages and disadvantages of SSR markers and highlight some future perspectives.

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Ali, Azam, Nazim Hussain, Muhammad Shahzad, I. Inamullah, and Qurban Ali. "X chromosomal analysis in population genetics and forensic science: A mini review." Genetika 53, no. 3 (2021): 1379–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/gensr2103379a.

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The human X chromosome analysis has been applied to decipher the genetic structure of populations for applications in medical genetics and for human identification, parentage analysis and kinship analysis. Although it has not been studied on vast level with regard to human populations with comparison to other of its counterparts like autosomal markers, Y chromosome and mtDNA yet it is important for great potential in studying oncology, various diseases and forensic science applications. In this mini review, a snapshot of X chromosomal properties as genetic marker has been entailed. The structure and potential multiplex oriented kits utilizing X chromosomal markers have been discussed. Moreover, concerns of different researchers over X chromosomal published data have been referred to point out need of analyzing X chromosomal markers to unravel their role in population genetics, medical genetics and human identification.

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Sheranova, Arzuu. "Cheating the Machine: E-voting Practices in Kyrgyzstan’s Local Elections." European Review 28, no. 5 (March 26, 2020): 793–809. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1062798720000241.

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This paper analyses the e-voting experience of the local elections undertaken by Osh city Council in 2016. The process was introduced to ensure fair and democratic elections in Kyrgyzstan after continuous and repeated violent political uprising. The e-system, based on biometrics registration, biometric identification of voters and automated vote counting, was designed to help to avoid the most common election frauds: vote buying, carousel voting and group/family voting. The case study, mainly based on interviews, illustrates the adaptation and modernization of strategies to resist and cheat within the e-voting system. The analysis outlines three widely practised cheating strategies: procedural violations, such as avoiding cross-checking of manual and automated counting and allowing voting without biometrical identification; transformation of bribery into ‘vote auctioning’; and strengthening of kinship-based/regional support and tribal/regional identity under conditions of e-voting.

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Rismiarti, Asih, Hermin Pancasakti Kusumaningrum, and Muhammad Zainuri. "Karakterisasi Dan Identifikasi Molekuler Fusan Hasil Fusi Protoplas Interspesies Chlorella pyrenoidosa dan Chlorella vulgaris Menggunakan 18SrDNA." Bioma : Berkala Ilmiah Biologi 18, no. 2 (August 8, 2016): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/bioma.18.2.30-40.

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Chlorella pyrenoidosa is a unicellular green algae that grows in fresh water with carotenoids consisting of β-carotene, α-carotene, anthaxanthin, neoxanthin, zeaxanthin and lutein. C. vulgaris usually it lives in sea water with carotenoids, chlorophyll, tocopherol, ubiquinone and proteins. The quality of them is improved by protoplast fusion and identified further using moleculer analysis. This study aims to find out the characterization and identification of molecular fusan that is obtained from interspecies C. pyrenoidosa and C. vulgaris protoplast fusion process using 18SrDNA. Both C. pyrenoidosa and C. vulgaris are combined by protoplast fusion and then they were performed the isolation of DNA with CTAB modification method, followed by PCR gradient using primers 18S Chlorella and performed DNA sequencing. The result show that there are different characters between masterplan and fusan based on growth of fresh water and sea water medium. The success frequency of fusan as a result from protoplast fusion in the fresh water media is 21% and 6% for sea water medium. The results of the alignment between fresh water fusan and C. vulgaris masterplan from GeneBank shows that the base sequence homology is 93% C. pyrenoidosa masterplan from GeneBank is 90%. The result of molecular identification towards the sequence of fresh water fusan bases shows that there is a kinship relationship with the masterplan of C. pyrenoidosa 18S Chlorella and Chlorosphaera klebsii microalgae compared with some other species from Chlorophyta group with similarity value as many as 91%. It shows that the high variety genetic is based on variations of the base sequence and has a kinship with other species in the Chlorophyta group. Keywords : Chlorella pyrenoidosa, Chlorella vulgaris, Protoplast Fusion, DNA Sequensing, 18SrDNA.

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Setiado, H., M. A. Sinaga, D. S. Hanafiah, and R. I. Damanik. "Identification of morphological characters and kinship of coconut genotypes (Cocos nucifera L.) in Aceh Tamiang District, Aceh." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 782, no. 4 (June 1, 2021): 042057. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/782/4/042057.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Kinship Identification'

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