Journal articles: 'Kinnow mandarin'

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Juhaimi, Fahad A. L., Bertrand Matthäus, Mehmet Musa Özcan, and Kashif Ghafoor. "The physico-chemical properties of some citrus seeds and seed oils." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C 71, no. 3-4 (March 1, 2016): 79–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znc-2016-0004.

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Abstract The chemical properties, mineral contents, fatty acid and tocopherol contents of seed and seed oils of some citrus genus provided from several locations in Turkey and Saudi Arabia were determined. While Ca contents of seeds were between 5018 mg/kg (Kütdiken lemon) and 7619 mg/kg (kinnow mandarin), K contents of seeds varied between 7007 mg/kg (Orlando orange) and 10334 mg/kg (kinnow mandarin). Glucose and fructose contents of citrus seed samples varied between 3.75 g/kg and 5.75 g/kg, and 4.09 g/kg and 6.03 g/kg. Palmitic, oleic and linoleic acids were established as dominant fatty acids. Palmitic, oleic and linoleic acid contents of citrus seed oils varied between 19.6% (Kütdiken lemon) and 26.2% (pineapple orange), 21.3% (kinnow mandarin) and 31.4% (Kütdiken lemon) and 32.3% (Kütdiken lemon) and 43.7% (kinnow mandarin), respectively. The total amount of tocopherols of Turkish citrus oil varied between 0.5 mg/100 g (Fremont mandarin) and 18.8 mg/100 g (bitter orange).

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PANT, R. P., RAKESH KUMAR, ANITA ARORA, and V. K. BARANWAL. "Detection of Mandarivirus and greening bacterium using electron microscopy, PCR and RT-PCR in Kinnow mandarin nurseries in Punjab." Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences 88, no. 1 (March 23, 2023): 86–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.56093/ijas.v88i1.79603.

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Kinnow mandarin is one of the most important fruit crops in northern India particularly in Punjab. Indian citrus ringspot virus (ICRSV), Citrus yellow vein clearing virus (CYVCV) and citrus greening bacterium (CGB) are very important graft transmissible pathogens causing reduced productivity in Kinnow mandarin. A survey was undertaken in 11 kinnow mandarin nurseries, 2 to 4 star rated by National Horticultural Board in Punjab. Samples collected from these nurseries were indexed by electron microscopy, immunosorbent electron microscopy (ISEM), PCR and RT-PCR. In RT-PCR test, out of 33 samples of kinnow mandarin mother plants, 3 samples were found positive for CYVCV and 6 samples for ICRSV. In two nurseries, both the viruses were detected in the same plant indicating mixed infection in the mother plants. In ISEM test, 4 samples out of 12 samples were positive for ICRSV and 2 samples were positive for CYVCV. CGB was detected in two plants out of nine plant leaf samples collected from four nurseries. In view of these studies it is evident that molecular diagnostics as indexing tool need to be applied for the production of clean planting material of kinnow mandarin.

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Kaur, Nirmaljit, P. K. Monga, P. K. Arora, and Krishan Kumar. "Effect of micronutrients on leaf composition, fruit quality and yield of Kinnow mandarin." Journal of Applied and Natural Science 7, no. 2 (December 1, 2015): 639–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.31018/jans.v7i2.658.

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Effect of micronutrients on leaf composition, quality parameters and fruit yield of Kinnow mandarin was studied at Regional Research Station, Abohar. Foliar application of 1000 ppm Zn + 1000 ppm Mn on Kinnow mandarin during the end of April and mid of August gave maximum fruit yield (862 fruits / tree) and good quality fruits (Higher TSS/Acid: 14.23) by correcting these micronutrient deficiencies. Therefore, application of this dose of micronutrient combination will improve yield and fruit quality in Kinnow mandarin by correcting the deficiencies of these micronutrients as a result of which the orchardist will be economically benefited.

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Usman, M., T. Saeed, M. M Khan, and B. Fatima. "Occurrence of spontaneous polyploids in Citrus." Horticultural Science 33, No. 3 (November 23, 2011): 124–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/3751-hortsci.

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Seedlings recovered from underdeveloped seeds of different commercial cultivars of Citrus were studied for their ploidy level. Cytological examination revealed that maximum triploid plants were found in lime Kaghzi (15.5%) followed by grapefruit Foster, mandarin Kinnow, sweet orange Musambi and mandarin Feutrell’s Early (7.3%). Lime also produced the highest percentage of tetraploids (9.1%) followed by mandarin Kinnow and grapefruit Foster, while the minimum was found in mandarin Feutrell’s Early. The polyploids were transplanted in pots and after hardening they were grown in the greenhouse for further morphological and genetic assays.  

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Miri, Seied Mehdi, Meysam Salari, and Ahmad Ahmadpour. "Physicochemical Responses of ‘Kinnow’ Mandarins to Wax and Polyethylene Covering During Cold Storage." Open Agriculture 3, no. 1 (December 1, 2018): 678–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/opag-2018-0071.

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Abstract This study aimed to evaluate the influence of wax, polyethylene film (19 μm thickness) and storage time on the quantitative and qualitative characteristics and shelf life of ‘Kinnow’ mandarin fruit (Citrus reticulata Blanco cv. ‘Kinnow’) stored at 5°C for 90 days. The mandarins were analyzed for physicochemical characters such as weight loss, weight of fruit, flesh, pulp, juice and peel, as well as total soluble solids (TSS) content, titratable acidity (TA), and pH. Polyethylene film wrapping reduced fresh weight loss and resulted in the highest fruit weight at the end of the 90-day cold storage period. No significant differences were found among coating treatments in pH, TSS, TA content and TSS/TA. The results revealed an increasing trend in TSS and TSS/TA during storage. It is recommended to use polyethylene coating on ‘Kinnow’ mandarins to prevent weight loss and preserve quality during storage at low temperature (5°C) up to 90 days.

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Brar, S. S., P. P. S. Minhas, and G. S. Kaundal. "CHEMICAL THINNING OF KINNOW MANDARIN." Acta Horticulturae, no. 321 (October 1992): 443–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.1992.321.47.

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Badar, Hammad. "Similarities and differences in consumer value preferences for kinnows (Mandarin) in major cities of Pakistan." Pakistan Journal of Agricultural Sciences 58, no. 06 (November 1, 2021): 1937–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.21162/pakjas/21.77.

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This study identified similarities and differences in value preferences of consumers for Kinnows (mandarin) in Lahore, Faisalabad, Rawalpindi and Islamabad. The study sample comprised 540 consumers of Kinnows who were approached for data collection at various retail outlets in the selected cities. Using a questionnaire, consumers were interviewed face-to-face and data were gathered on consumption and purchase preferences and importance consumers attached to various search, experience, safety and marketing-related quality attributes in their purchase considerations. Descriptive statistics were employed to explore basic patterns in the preferences across the four cities. Mean ANOVA and Post-hoc Bonferroni tests helped reveal similarities and dissimilarities in consumption and purchase preferences of consumers. Results indicated statistically significant differences as well as similarities in consumption and purchase preferences for Kinnows in the selected cities. Consumers in Islamabad attached importance to all Kinnow quality attributes and appeared to be value seekers. Except few marketing, search and experience attributes, their preferences were found similar to those living in Rawalpindi. While consumers in Lahore and Faisalabad mostly resembled in their preferences and considered comparatively fewer quality attributes important. The study urged the Kinnow value chain actors to consider these similarities and differences in preparing and delivering their supplies in these cities. They also need to upgrade their practices for improving search, experience, safety and marketing-related quality attributes of Kinnows. Collaborative relationship and information sharing among them is also needed for improvements in quality attributes. Related public-sector institutions can facilitate them by providing support services needed to upgrade their value chain practices

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Gill, Mandeep Singh, Savreet Khehra, and Navjot Gupta. "Impact of intercropping on yield, fruit quality and economics of young Kinnow mandarin plants." Journal of Applied and Natural Science 10, no. 3 (August 21, 2018): 954–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.31018/jans.v10i3.1814.

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Intercropping practices in orchard not only generate an extra income but the practice also helps to check the soil erosion through ground coverage and improves the physico-chemical properties of the soil.. The effect of intercrops on vegetative performance and quality of 5 years old Kinnow mandarins raised on Rough Lemon rootstocks at 6x6m spacing was studied at RRS, Bathinda during the year 2011-12 and 2012-13. An intercropping experiment comprising of seven treatments such as T1: guara (Summer) + wheat (winter), T2: guara (summer) + barley (winter), T3: guara (summer) + fenugreek (winter), T4: moong (summer) + wheat (winter), T5: moong (summer) + barley (winter), T6: moong (summer) + fenugreek (winter) and T7: control (fallow: no intercrop) was laid out in Randomized Block Design with four replications to assess the effect of various intercrops on the performance of Kinnow in arid irrigated region of Bathinda, Punjab. The results of the study revealed that guar + wheat intercropping system exhibited better performance which has been reflected in the form of plant height (3.31 cm), gross income (Rs. 41180/-), fruit number (175) and Total Soluble Solids(TSS) per cent (10.8) of Kinnow fruit. The work concludes that intercropping in Kinnow mandarin helps to improve yield, fruit quality and economic aspect.

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Rajat Bhola and Ramesh Joshi. "Evaluation of Antioxidant activity and Phenolic contents of Kinnow mandarin leaf extracts." International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences 11, no. 3 (August 7, 2020): 4665–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.26452/ijrps.v11i3.2753.

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Kinnow mandarin is a major citrus fruit crop in India. This study was designed to evaluate Total Phenol content (TPC), Total Flavonoid content (TFC) and antioxidant activity of vegetative and fruit associated leaves extracts of Kinnow at three different times of the year. The results revealed variation in all three parameters chosen: total phenol, flavonoid content as well as antioxidant capacity between vegetative and fruit associated leaves and during different time periods of the study.The TPC and TFC were highest for fruit associated leaf phase II (9.49 ± 0.075 GAE /g dw and 7.74 ± 0.125 QE mg /g dw respectively) whereas antioxidant activity 31.49 ± 0.025 mg AA/g dw was highest for fruit associated leaves phase I extracts. The TPC,TFC and DPPH free radical scavenging activity among the leaf extracts of Kinnow indicated that some non- phenolic components also contributed to the total antioxidant activity in Kinnow leaves extracts examined in the present investigation. To the best of our information, this is the first experiment presenting comprehensive data on TPC, TFC and antioxidant activity for Kinnow leaf extracts. The study further envisaged that the Kinnow leaves may be important sources of antioxidant for food and pharmaceutical industries.

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THAKRE, MADHUBALA, M. K. VERMA, KANHAIYA SINGH, O. P. AWASTHI, R. R. SHARMA, and MRINMOY RAY. "Proposal and validation of colour index for Kinnow mandarin (Citrus nobilis × Citrus deliciosa)." Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences 88, no. 8 (August 21, 2018): 1179–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.56093/ijas.v88i8.82521.

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Kinnow (Citrus nobilis Lour × Citrus deliciosa Tenora) acceptability by consumer and processors depends on their bright orange colour, size and other quality traits like TSS and acidity. More bright orange coloured Kinnow fruits are preferred. The objective of this study is to propose an index for growers and researchers to know the harvesting date and better quality of fruits respectively. Kinnow fruits of varying colour gradient were harvested from ten treatments. These ten treatments were different doses of N: P: K. They acted as a source to produce variability in Kinnow peel colour, which was utilized for index formulation and validation. They were compared with a standard. Standard comprised of most uniform bright orange coloured fruits of Kinnow orange. The observations for L, a and b were recorded by Hunterlab. There were total eleven colour indexes studied. Out of eleven indexes, seven were previously validated by other workers for different fruit crops. Four indexes were formulated in this study to validate them for Kinnow along with remaining seven indexes. Index a/b showed highest positive correlation with total carotenoid content of peel (0.548 and 0.519 respectively). It recorded minimum value for standard (0.52±0.02) indicates that lower values for these indices will represent brighter colour of kinnow.

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Taqi, Raza, Hasnain Kazmi Zurriat, Arshad Ullah Muhammad, Kanwal Iqra, Imran Shakeel, Ahmad Rizwan, and Ishtiaq Hyder Syed. "Comparative Effectiveness of Different Growth Media on Growth, Biomass and Morphology Features of Kinnow Mandarin Seedling." Food Processing & Nutritional Science 1, no. 1 (June 30, 2020): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.46619/fpns.2020.1-1001.

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An experiment was conducted at the University of Agriculture, Sub-campus Burewala Vehari during spring 2018 to investigate the most effective growth media for the growth of kinnow Mandarin seedlings along with highest potential of root, shoots, branches and leaves growth. The growing media is crucial for better plant growth and development. Seeds of Kinnow Mandarin were sown in twelve (12) different composite media (made from different proportions of peat moss, coco coir, compost, baggase, and soil) in CRD with three repeats. Data regarding germination of kinnow seeds and seedling quality parameters (Fresh weight, dry weight, seedling length, root shoot ratio, dry matter contents) were recorded during the experiment. The results proved that the peat moss was the most efficient among all the other growing media for producing the maximum number of leaves, shoot length, root length and seedling length while, compost was found to be a most effective medium for maximum seed germination. The composition in 1:1 of baggase + peat moss was most prominent to produce leaves with larger surface areas. Therefore, peat moss is an effective growth media among other growing media for Kinnow production.

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Singh, Sidakmeet, Monika Gupta, H. S. Rattanpal, Gurteg Singh, and Nirmaljit Kaur. "Studies on fruit pedicel concerning fruitlet abscission in kinnow mandarin." Indian Journal of Horticulture 80, no. 1 (March 27, 2023): 81–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.58993/ijh/2023.80.1.12.

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Fruit drop is a major constraint for the production of kinnow mandarin. The present investigation comparedthe physical, biochemical and anatomical dynamics taking place in abscised and non-abscised fruit pedicelsof Kinnow mandarin at physiological and pathological fruit drop stages. The pedicel parameters (length, girthand weight) were higher in non-abscised than the abscised fruits. The activities of polygalacturonase (4.01μg D-glucose released g-1 FW min-1) and cellulase (4.34 μg D-glucose released g-1 FW min-1) enzymes weresignificantly low in non-abscised as compared to abscised fruit pedicels. The transverse sections of nonabscisedhealthy fruit pedicels revealed intact phloem and long xylem vessels in the vascular tissue. However,pedicels of abscised fruits showed degradation of cells and formation of the abscission zone. Fruit pedicelparameters had positive correlation with mineral nutrients, total soluble sugars and total soluble proteins,however, non-abscised fruit pedicels were negatively correlated with cell wall degrading enzymes. The fruitpedicel health has been found important and positively associated with the diminution in physiological andpathological fruit abscission in kinnow mandarin.

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Sharma, R. R., and S. K. Saxena. "Rootstocks influence granulation in Kinnow mandarin ()." Scientia Horticulturae 101, no. 3 (September 2004): 235–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2003.10.010.

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Ghosh, M., A. Ganguli, and M. Kumar. "Handling Practices During Distribution of Kinnow-Mandarins (Citrus nobilis x Citrus deliciosa) Used for Preparation of Fresh-Squeezed Juices and their Effects on Microbiological Safety." Journal of Agricultural and Marine Sciences [JAMS] 10, no. 1 (January 1, 2005): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/jams.vol10iss1pp27-31.

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The objective of this study was to assess the microbiological safety of Kinnow-mandarins (Citrus nobilis X Citrus deliciosa) used for preparation of fresh squeezed juices by street vendors. One hundred and fifty Kinnow mandarin samples were collected from different points in the distribution chain from the same lot, washed and aliquots of the wash samples were analyzed for total aerobes, Staphylococcus, total and fecal coliforms, Salmonella and Shigella. Although, there was no notable increase in the total aerobic, total or fecal coliform counts, total staphylococcal counts increased significantly (P<0.05) during distribution to street vendors; seventy-two samples from the street vendors showed the presence of coagulase positive Staphylococcus aureus, twenty-three of these produced enterotoxins B and C. Salmonella and Shigella were not detected in any of the samples. Sources of high numbers of enterotoxigenic S. aureus were traced to unhygienic manual handling by middle level buyers and by street vendors. The results of our study demonstrate the poor microbiological quality of Kinnow-mandarins, the possible entry points of contaminants in the distribution chain of these fruits and unhygienic vending practices. Appropriate intervention measures are needed to ensure safe fresh squeezed juices for consumers.

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Ikram, Muhammad, Naveed Iqbal Raja, Zia-Ur-Rehman Mashwani, Ahmad Alsayed Omar, Azza H. Mohamed, Seema Hassan Satti, and Efat Zohra. "Phytogenic Selenium Nanoparticles Elicited the Physiological, Biochemical, and Antioxidant Defense System Amelioration of Huanglongbing-Infected ‘Kinnow’ Mandarin Plants." Nanomaterials 12, no. 3 (January 22, 2022): 356. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano12030356.

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Citrus greening or huanglongbing (HLB) is commonly known as yellow dragon disease and affects citrus production worldwide. Therefore, it has a significant impact on and deleterious effects in the agro-industrial sector. Significant efforts have been made to combat this disease and mitigate its destructive impact on citrus production, but still, there is no effective biocompatible treatment available to control HLB disorder. This study is considered the first biocompatible approach to evaluate the potential of phytogenic selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) to improve the health of HLB-infected ‘Kinnow’ mandarin plants. Polymerase chain reactions (PCRs) with specific primers were used to detect HLB disease in ‘Kinnow’ mandarin plants, and PCR products were sequenced to identify Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (CLas), and accession numbers for CLas1 and CLas2, MZ851933 and MZ851934, respectively, were obtained. SeNPs were synthesized by using Allium sativum L. clove extract as a reducing, capping, and stabilizing agent and various techniques such as UV-visible spectrophotometry, energy dispersive X-rays, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) were used to confirm the biogenesis of SeNPs. Different concentrations of SeNPs (25, 50, 75, and 100 mg L−1) were exogenously applied to HLB-infected ‘Kinnow’ mandarin plants and obtained spectacular results. The obtained results from the current study proved that 75 mg L−1 of SeNPs was most effective to improve the chlorophyll, carotenoids, relative water content (RWC), membrane stability index (MSI), total soluble sugar (TSS), superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), total flavonoid content (TFC), and total phenolic content (TPC) and significant decrease was observed in hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), malondialdehyde (MDA), and proline (PRO) contents of HLB-infected ‘Kinnow’ mandarin plants as compared to untreated diseased citrus plants. In conclusion, these results allow us to synthesize the SeNPs formulation as a promising management strategy to treat the HLB disease in citrus plants.

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KAUR, KIRANDEEP, KRISHAN KUMAR, KAMALJIT KAUR, PARSHOTAM KUMAR ARORA, and KULDEEP SINGH. "Microsatellites assisted rapid identification of mandarin hybrids and assessment of their phenotypic variability." Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences 90, no. 12 (February 10, 2021): 2307–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.56093/ijas.v90i12.110313.

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Kinnow (Citrus nobilis × C. deliciosa) is a commercially important mandarin but contains large number of seeds. Mukaku Kishu (C. kinokuni), a seedless mandarin can be used to transfer seedlessness in Kinnow through hybridization. But, the polyembryony in Kinnow and absence of any heritable morphological trait in Mukaku Kishu are limiting factors in early identification of hybrids. SSR markers due to their high polymorphism and co-dominant nature are useful for hybrid identification. We performed hybridization between Kinnow (♀) and Mukaku Kishu (♂) and differentiated hybrids using SSR markers. A total of 134 SSR markers were tested for polymorphism between the parents; 20 were found polymorphic while four (CMS04, Ci06A05b, CiBE1500 and TAA15) were suitable for hybrid detection. The hybrid detection ability varied among the markers. The marker CMS04 identified 67 hybrids while the remaining three markers independently identified 104 hybrids from the total analysed 697 seedlings. The hybrid seedlings differed for height and number of spines per plant. The two traits also showed moderate positive association (Pearson correlation = 0.69). The study demonstrated the practical utility of SSR markers in enhancing the efficiency of breeding programmes in absence of distinct morphological distinguishers for hybrid detection. The identified hybrids progeny will serve as a foundation for identification of potentially seedless candidates.

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Sandhu, S. S. "POSTHARVEST HANDLING TECHNIQUES FOR CV. KINNOW MANDARIN." Acta Horticulturae, no. 321 (October 1992): 747–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.1992.321.94.

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Mohsin Iqb, M., N. Altaf, E. K. Murwat, I. A. Hafiz, and I. A. Bhatti. "A Marker For Seedlessness In Kinnow Mandarin." Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences 4, no. 1 (December 15, 2000): 69. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/pjbs.2001.69.69.

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Grosser, Jude, Milicia Calovic, Patricia Serrano, Fred Gmitter, and J. L. Chandler. "Recent Progress using Somatic Hybridization and Cybridization in Efforts to Develop High Quality Seedless Mandarin Hybrids." HortScience 40, no. 4 (July 2005): 1104C—1104. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.40.4.1104c.

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The international fresh citrus market now demands high-quality, seedless fruit that must also be easy to peel for consumer convenience, especially when considering new mandarin varieties. High quality varieties that historically perform well in Florida are generally seedy. Florida is therefore losing market-share to `Clementine' and other seedless varieties produced in Mediterranean climates, including Spain, Morocco, and California. In our ongoing program, somatic hybridization and cybridization via protoplast fusion are now playing a key role in strategies to develop competitive seedless mandarin hybrids adapted to Florida. Somatic hybridization is being used to combine elite diploid parents to produce high quality allotetraploid breeding parents that can be used in interploid crosses to generate seedless triploids. Several thousand triploid mandarin hybrids have been produced under the direction of F.G. Gmitter, Jr. Some of our allotetraploid somatic hybrids are producing fruit with direct cultivar potential, i.e., 'Valencia' sweet orange + `Murcott' tangor. New somatic hybrids produced in our program will be discussed, including `Page' tangor + `Dancy' mandarin, `Page' tangor + `Kinnow' mandarin, and `Hamlin' sweet orange + LB8-9 tangelo. Somatic cybridization is being used to transfer CMS (cytoplasmic male sterility) from the seedless `Satsuma' mandarin to other seedy varieties via mtDNA transfer, in efforts to make them seedless. New somatic cybrids produced in our program that contain the `Satsuma' CMS include `Murcott' tangor and `Kinnow' mandarin. Details of these results and other progress will be discussed.

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Nazir, Qasim, Shahla Rashif, Muhammad Ahsan Qureshi, Mukarram Ali Tahir, and Erum Rashid. "Yield and Fruit Quality of Kinnow Mandarin Influenced by Foliar Spray of Different Nutrients." Journal of Applied Research in Plant Sciences 4, no. 02 (May 26, 2023): 695–701. http://dx.doi.org/10.38211/joarps.2023.04.02.184.

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Citrus (Citrus sinensis L.) is one of the world's most significant fruit crops, 3rd among subtropical fruits. Kinnow is considered as the trademark of Pakistan’s citriculture industry, dominates the major citrus growing areas of the country. Macro and micronutrients have the capacity to regulate and manipulate the growth and fruit quality of Kinnow mandarin. The present study was initiated to evaluate the influence of foliar sprays of nutrients on yield and fruit quality of Kinnow mandarin. For this purpose, foliar sprays of nitrogen (1 and 1.5 %), iron (0.25 and 0.5 %) and zinc (0.25 and 0.5 %) were applied at pre flowering stage. The trial was carried out using a randomized complete block design (RCBD). The parameters such as reducing sugars (%), acidity (pH), TSS (brix)0, total sugars (%), total fruits per plant, fruit set (%), yield per tree (Kg), length of fruit (cm), fruit width (mm), total number of seeds per fruit and peel thickness (mm) were studied. The collected data was analyzed statistically by Using STATISTIX 8.1 According to results, T6 (Nitrogen @1.5%) gave best results in terms of reducing sugars, TSS/Brix (0), total sugars (%), fruit set (%), yield per tree (Kg), fruit length (cm), fruit width (mm), number of seeds per fruit and peel thickness (mm). The minimum acidity (pH) was recorded in T5 (Nitrogen @1%) and T4 (FeSO4 @0.5%). While the maximum number of fruits per plant were recorded in T4 (FeSO4 @0.5%) then in T2 (ZnSO4 @0.5%). All the treatments gave good result as compare to T0 (control / no treatment) while T6 (Nitrogen @1.5%) gave best results in maximum parameters observation. From the results it was concluded that foliar spray Nitrogen @1.5% can be used for enhancing the yield and fruit quality of Kinnow mandarin.

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Patel, Arun, Balveer Singh, R. B. Ram, and N. Thirupathi. "Studies on physico-chemical constituents in different cultivars of citrus fruits under Lucknow condition, India." Journal of Applied and Natural Science 8, no. 2 (June 1, 2016): 521–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.31018/jans.v8i2.828.

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The physico-chemical studies were conducted on the citrus fruits of sweet orange cv. Mosambi Local-1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 and Sweet Mandarin cv. Chinese Orange, Kinnow, Nagpur Mandarin, Local Mandarin-1 and Local Mandarin- 2. The Sweet Orange cultivar was highest size in Mosambi Local-3 with maximum fruit volume 204 ml and flesh weight 139.66 g followed by Mosambi Local-4. The juice recovery percent was maximum in Mosambi Local-3 28.63 and the highest specific gravity was found in Mosambi Local-1 (0.99) followed by Mosambi Local-2 (0.94). The different cultivars of Sweet Orange were recorded varies from the total soluble solid 7.60 to 12.66 percent, reducing sugar 4.13 to 7.08 per cent, total sugar 5.90 to 10.12 per cent, tritrable acidity 0.52 to 0.83 per cent, ascorbic acid 46 to 74.80 mg/100g and pH 3.92 to 4.98. The juice percent was determined in Kinnow 53.20 g after that Nagpur santra 51.30 g. The chemical attributes of Sweet Mandarin were found as total soluble solid varied from 8.96 to 12.20 per cent, reducing sugar 3.22 to 6.60 per cent, total sugar 5.73 to 10.04 per cent, titrable acidity 0.84 to 2.24 per cent, ascorbic acid 25.96 to 36.13mg/100 g and pH 3.84 to 4.60. However, the Sweet Orange cultivars Mosambi Local-3 and Mosambi Local-4 and Sweet Mandarin cv. Local Mandarin-1 were suitable for export, making of non alcoholic beverages, easy for bottling and frozen products grown under Lucknow conditions.

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Praveen, Shelly, V. Pawar, and Y. S. Ahlawat. "Somatic Embryogenesis and Plant Regeneration in Kinnow Mandarin." Journal of Plant Biochemistry and Biotechnology 12, no. 2 (July 2003): 163–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03263180.

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Rattanpal, Harinder Singh, Gurteg Singh, and Monika Gupta. "Studies on Mutation Breeding in Mandarin Variety Kinnow." Current Science 116, no. 3 (February 10, 2019): 483. http://dx.doi.org/10.18520/cs/v116/i3/483-487.

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Saini, Anuradha, Parmjit Singh Panesar, and Manab Bandhu Bera. "Comparative Study on the Extraction and Quantification of Polyphenols from Citrus Peels Using Maceration and Ultrasonic Technique." Current Research in Nutrition and Food Science Journal 7, no. 3 (October 1, 2019): 678–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.12944/crnfsj.7.3.08.

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Citrus processing industry generates the large amount of byproducts, which are rich in polyphenols that have high antioxidant properties. These polyphenols can be extracted and utilized in different applications. In present investigation, comparative study was undertaken using maceration (M) and ultrasound assisted extraction (UAE) for the efficient extraction of polyphenols from citrus peels of different cultivars such as ‘kinnow mandarin’ (Citrus reticulata) and ‘mousambi’ (Citrus limetta). The total phenols (28.30 mg/GAE g dw), flavonoids (4.40 mg/CE g dw) and DPPH radical scavenging activity (48.23%) were attained from kinnow mandarin peels whereas total phenols (21.99 mg/GAE g dw), flavonoids (2.07 mg/CE g dw) and DPPH radical scavenging activity (39.73%) were obtained from mousambi peels using UAE method. Therefore, the results indicated the efficiency of UAE method as compared to maceration technique for the extraction of polyphenols in terms of high yield and their antioxidant properties.

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Suri, Shweta, Anupama Singh, Prabhat K. Nema, and Neetu Kumra Taneja. "A Comparative Study on the Debittering of Kinnow (Citrus reticulate L.) Peels: Microbial, Chemical, and Ultrasound-Assisted Microbial Treatment." Fermentation 8, no. 8 (August 14, 2022): 389. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fermentation8080389.

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Kinnow mandarin (Citrus reticulate L.) peels are a storehouse of well-known bioactive compounds, viz., polyphenols, flavonoids, carotenoids, limonoids, and tocopherol, which exhibit an effective antioxidant capacity. However, naringin is the most predominant bitter flavanone compound found in Kinnow peels that causes their bitterness. It prohibits the effective utilization of peels in food-based products. In the present study, a novel approach for the debittering of Kinnow peels has been established to tackle this problem. A comparative evaluation of the different debittering methods (chemical, microbial, and ultrasound-assisted microbial treatments) used on Kinnow peel naringin and bioactive compounds was conducted. Among the chemical and microbial method; solid-state fermentation with A. niger led to greater extraction of naringin content (7.08 mg/g) from kinnow peels. Moreover, the numerical process optimization of ultrasound-assisted microbial debittering was performed by the Box–Behnken design (BBD) of a response surface methodology to maximize naringin hydrolysis. Among all three debittering methods, ultrasound-assisted microbial debittering led to a greater hydrolysis of naringin content and reduced processing time. The optimum conditions were ultrasound temperature (40 °C), time (30 min), and A. niger koji extract (1.45%) for the maximum extraction rate of naringin (11.91 mg/g). These debittered Kinnow peels can be utilized as raw material to develop therapeutic food products having a high phytochemical composition without any off-flavors or bitterness.

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THAKRE, MADHUBALA, M. K. VERMA, K. SINGH, O. P. AWASTHI, ELDHO VERGHESE, and V. K. SHARMA. "Effect of nutrition, harvesting date and fruit canopy position on yield and quality of Kinnow mandarin (Citrus nobilis x Citrus deliciosa)." Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences 85, no. 11 (November 17, 2015): 1455–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.56093/ijas.v85i11.53700.

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Attractive peel colour and quality development in Kinnow (Citrus nobilis Lour x Citrus deliciosa Tenara) is a prime requisite for its fair market price. The objective of study was to find out the impact of canopy position, date of harvesting and nutrition on yield and quality of Kinnow mandarin. A field experiment was conducted in a four year old Kinnow orchard using factorial randomized block design with three replications. There were nine treatments comprised of various N, P, K levels and one control; two canopy positions (external and internal) and three harvesting dates (06.12.13, 26.12.13 and 16.01.14). Statistical analysis using SAS 9.3 software and Tukey's HSD test revealed the significance of various treatments, canopy positions and harvesting dates (P<0.01).The treatment comprising 400g+600g+240g (N+P2O5+K2O/plant) was found the best among other treatments with respect to yield (20.06 kg/tree) and other quality parameters (TSS, acidity, ascorbic acid and total carotenoids). Fruits which are present on external canopy of tree were superior in terms of quality (TSS, ascorbic acid, total carotenoids) as compared to fruits present on internal canopy of the tree.The Kinnow fruits harvested during the last week of December were found superior in terms of total carotenoids in juice and peel and ascorbic acid content. While the fruits harvested in second week of January were found superior in terms of TSS and acidity. Application of 400g, 600g and 240g of NPK respectively was found beneficial for quality fruit production of Kinnow. Quality of Kinnow fruits vary as per canopy position and date of harvesting, hence they should harvest at different times and also from different canopy positions according to purpose.

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Badar, Hammad, Azhar Abbas, Khalid Mushtaq, Thomas Dogot, Philippe Lebailly, Yenny Katherine Parra-Acosta, Hossein Azadi, and David López-Carr. "Unravelling Consumer Preferences and Segments: Implications for Pakistan’s Mandarin Industry Development through Market Relocation." Land 12, no. 5 (April 25, 2023): 953. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land12050953.

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Rising food security and safety concerns in developing countries have highlighted the importance of establishing efficient and dependable food distribution systems, which necessitate a thorough understanding of consumers and their needs. Thus, this study unravels consumer segments, their preferences, and socio-economic composition so that stakeholders in Pakistan’s mandarin (locally known as Kinnow) industry can improve their practices and supply consumers’ desired quality. Primary data were collected through an intercept survey of 540 mandarin consumers in four major cities of Pakistan. Collected data were subjected to hierarchical cluster analysis, Mean ANOVA, and Post-Hoc tests for consumer segmentation and profiling. The study classified consumers into three groups: ‘value seekers’ (45.74%), ‘Kinnow lovers’ (26.85%), and ‘perfectionists’ (27.41%) related to their choice of various attributes of fresh mandarin fruits. The three segments significantly differed in their preferences for quality attributes, consumption and purchase preferences, and socio-economic composition. The study highlights the implications of understanding consumer preferences and market segmentation for private and public stakeholders in the mandarin industry. The existence of consumer segments with distinct quality preferences urges value chain actors to upgrade and align their practices with consumer requirements. The study findings provide insights for deciding relevant crop/cultivar mix with due consideration to geographically distinct consumer segments and land suitability. The findings may also be useful to relevant public-sector institutions in developing policies and programs for the development of the horticultural industries in Pakistan.

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Dhatt, A. S., G. P. S. Grewal, B. S. Chahil, and D. S. Dhillon. "REMOVAL OF NPK BY KINNOW MANDARIN AND URMAN BER." Acta Horticulturae, no. 321 (October 1992): 541–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.1992.321.61.

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Ilame, Susmit Ajabrao, and Satya Vir Singh. "Physico-chemical properties of ultrafiltered kinnow (mandarin) fruit juice." Journal of Food Science and Technology 55, no. 6 (March 30, 2018): 2189–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13197-018-3136-8.

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Kalra, K. L., H. S. Grewal, and S. S. Kahlon. "Bioconversion of kinnow-mandarin waste into single-cell protein." MIRCEN Journal of Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology 5, no. 3 (September 1989): 321–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01741762.

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Srivastava, A. K., Chander Bhan, and S. K. Bairwa. "Evaluation of Bare Rooted Transplanting Methods of Kinnow Mandarin for Enhanced Field Establishment." International Journal of Bio-resource and Stress Management 13, no. 7 (July 31, 2022): 750–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.23910/1.2022.3001a.

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An experiment was carried out at the Department of Horticulture, Agricultural Research Station, Sriganganagar under the S. K. Rajasthan Agricultural University, Bikaner, Rajasthan, India during July to October and February to April months of 2014−15 and 2015−16. The objective of the study was to evaluate the feasibility of the bare root transplanting method with the optimum time to establish Kinnow mandarin seedlings. The findings of the study revealed that bare rooted Kinnow mandarin seedlings can be successfully transplanted in the month of August to October during the monsoon period and February to March during the spring months with 94–96% transplanting success. Transplanting at 48 hours after packaging was reported 91% establishment success whereas, it was 87% at 72 hours after the bare rooted packaging. However, the highest transplanting success (100%) was noted with polythene bag plants (intact soil) followed by bare rooted buddlings treated with IBA 200ppm plus Carbendazim 0.1% plus Defoliation which was recorded as 97% success. In the control treatment, it was recorded minimum with 76 percent transplanting success.

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SRIVASTAVA, A. K. "Development of DRIS based soil fertility and leaf nutrient standards for improving the efficiency of Kinnow mandarin (Citrus reticulata Blanco) in semi-arid region of Rajasthan." Annals of Plant and Soil Research 24, no. 1 (February 1, 2022): 36–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.47815/apsr.2021.10120.

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The study was carried out during 2015-16 at district Sriganganagar under semi arid region of Rajasthan India with the aim to diagnose the soil fertility indicator by using DRIS norms to improve the kinnow orchards efficiency. A total 105 kinnow mandarin orchards were selected through the preliminary survey, all the selected orchards were divided equally 35 each in low, medium and high efficiency based on the yield. The soil and plant sample were collected from the orchards and subjected to analyze by using standard analysis protocols. Five tier DRIS norms were used for determining the soil properties limiting factor. The high efficient orchards had low pH (8.1) and CaCO3, (23.4 g kg-1) whereas, comparatively more organic carbon (2.7 g kg-1) , phosphorus (38.2 kg ha-1) and potassium (296.2 kg ha-1) than medium and low efficient orchards. The nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium contents were also high in high yield orchards and ultimately responsible for the better quality parameters viz. fruit weight (170.35 g), Juice (49.51 %), total soluble sugar (12.88 %) and low acidity (0.81 %) in high efficient orchards. The five tier DRIS norms suggested that < 8.8 pH, < 89.0 g kg-1 CaCO3, < 2.5 g kg-1 organic carbon and 14.2 kg ha-1 phosphorus were limiting soil fertility indicators in relation to fruit yield less than 14.5 t ha-1 for kinnow mandarin orchards of semi arid region of Rajasthan. It is evident from the DRIS norms in relation to soil properties and plant tissue concentration yield should be considered as low when it is less than 14.5 to 20.2 t ha-1. It is therefore imperative to manage these parameters for the better quality production and sustainability of kinnow orchards

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SRIVASTAVA, A. K. "Development of DRIS based soil fertility and leaf nutrient standards for improving the efficiency of Kinnow mandarin (Citrus reticulata Blanco) in semi-arid region of Rajasthan." ANNALS OF PLANT AND SOIL RESEARCH 24, no. 1 (February 1, 2022): 36–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.47815/apsr.2022.10120.

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The study was carried out during 2015-16 at district Sriganganagar under semi arid region of Rajasthan India with the aim to diagnose the soil fertility indicator by using DRIS norms to improve the kinnow orchards efficiency. A total 105 kinnow mandarin orchards were selected through the preliminary survey, all the selected orchards were divided equally 35 each in low, medium and high efficiency based on the yield. The soil and plant sample were collected from the orchards and subjected to analyze by using standard analysis protocols. Five tier DRIS norms were used for determining the soil properties limiting factor. The high efficient orchards had low pH (8.1) and CaCO3, (23.4 g kg-1) whereas, comparatively more organic carbon (2.7 g kg-1) , phosphorus (38.2 kg ha-1) and potassium (296.2 kg ha-1) than medium and low efficient orchards. The nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium contents were also high in high yield orchards and ultimately responsible for the better quality parameters viz. fruit weight (170.35 g), Juice (49.51 %), total soluble sugar (12.88 %) and low acidity (0.81 %) in high efficient orchards. The five tier DRIS norms suggested that < 8.8 pH, < 89.0 g kg-1 CaCO3, < 2.5 g kg-1 organic carbon and 14.2 kg ha-1 phosphorus were limiting soil fertility indicators in relation to fruit yield less than 14.5 t ha-1 for kinnow mandarin orchards of semi arid region of Rajasthan. It is evident from the DRIS norms in relation to soil properties and plant tissue concentration yield should be considered as low when it is less than 14.5 to 20.2 t ha-1. It is therefore imperative to manage these parameters for the better quality production and sustainability of kinnow orchards.

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KUMAR, Ramesh, Madhu SHARMA, and Shailesh Kumar SINGH. "Integrated Approach to Control of Fruit Drop and Improvement of Yield in Kinnow (Citrus nobilis X Citrus deliciosa)." Walailak Journal of Science and Technology (WJST) 15, no. 12 (November 17, 2017): 819–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.48048/wjst.2018.2763.

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Fruit drop is a major problem with Kinnow mandarin in all fruit growing regions of the world. Kinnow growers suffer a greater economic loss when natural fruit drop (98.0 to 99.5 %) is accelerated by pathogenic infection, insect-pest infestation, and physiological or hormonal imbalance due to poor orchard management. The application of fungicides to minimize pathogenic attack; 2,4-D (2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid) to maintain hormonal balance; and KNO3 (Potassium nitrate) to maintain electrolytic balance and efficient utilization of nutrients for developing resistance against insect infestation has greater potential to reduce fruit drop in Kinnow. The fungicides, namely; Zeneb 75WP (0.25 %), Carzim-50 (0.1 %), Curzate M8 (0.25 %), COPRUS 50WP (0.3 %), and Cyproconazole 25EC (0.1 %), in combination with 2,4-D @ 20 ppm and KNO3 @ 1 %, were applied twice, in September and October, and the number of fruits fallen on the ground were counted to determine fruit drop. It was observed that application of T3 [Curzate M8 (0.25 %) + 2,4-D (20 ppm) + KNO3 (1 %)] was an excellent treatment for the integrated management of fruit drop in Kinnow as it had ensured the lowest (1.90-entomological, 3.53-pathological, and 4.75-physiological) fruit drop percentage with the highest fruit yield (432 fruits per plant).

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Kumar, Gaurav, Vijay Bahadur, Samir E. Topno, Saket Mishra, and Annjoe V. Joseph. "Impact of Different Packaging Materials on the Quality and Shelf Life of Kinnow Mandarin (Citrus reticulata)." International Journal of Plant & Soil Science 35, no. 18 (July 15, 2023): 208–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ijpss/2023/v35i183284.

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The experiment carried out on the “Impact of Different Packaging Materials on The Quality and Shelf Life of Kinnow Mandarin (Citrus reticulata)".Under the study the packaging treatments include T1 (Control or no packaging), T2 (Fruits packed in Newspaper), T3 (Fruits wrapped in Brown paper bags), T4 (Fruits packed in Aluminium Foil), T5 (Fruits wrapped in LDPE (Low Density Polyethylene), T6 (Fruits packed in Rice stubble), T7 (fruits packed in Perforated boxes), T8 (Fruits packed in Gunny bags), T9 (Fruits packed in Nylon net bags). The main objective of the experiment was to evaluate the effect of various packaging materials on physico-chemical characteristics of Kinnow fruit during storage. The physico-chemical evaluation of the fruits of each treatment was done upto 24 days and all the observations were recorded at every 6 days interval. The Fruit Weight, Polar Diameter, Radial Diameter, Peel weight having the decreasing trend, the highest mean was found in T5 during storage which were (151.70), (57.58), (59.11), (36.08) respectively. The TSS(0Brix) and pH were recorded lowest in the fruits packed in T5 during storage which were (10.45) and (4.02) respectively. Specific gravity of fruits had decreasing trend during storage period and found highest (0.86) in T5 at 24 days while ascorbic acid and titrable acidity had decreasing trend and mean values was found highest (17.89) and (0.89) in T5 respectively during storage. On basis of study results shown by physico-chemical characteristics of kinnow, it was concluded that kinnow fruits packed in T5 LDPE packing has highest overall acceptability at 24 days of storage. These practices may be passed on for obtaining higher returns with B:C ratio of 2.39.

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GURTEG SINGH, HARINDER SINGH RATTANPAL, MONIKA GUPTA, and GURUPKAR SINGH SIDHU. "Standardization of stage wise water requirement in drip irrigated Kinnow mandarin orchards under sub-tropical conditions." Journal of Agrometeorology 22, no. 3 (November 10, 2021): 305–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.54386/jam.v22i3.193.

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An experiment on drip irrigation scheduling based on pan evaporation replenishment was conducted in Kinnow orchard at Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana during 2010-2018. Year was divided into six stages (stage 1 to stage VI) including two months in each stage. First treatment included irrigation scheduling with 30 and 40% ER, treatment two with 40 and 60% ER, treatment three with 60 and 80% ER, alternatively during stages I to VI. However, fourth and fifth treatments had irrigation with 80% ER and 30% ER, respectively, in all the stages. Maximum daily open pan evaporation (9.15 mm) was recorded in May and minimum (1.19 mm) was recorded in January. The water requirement varied from 2.8 liters day-1 tree-1 in stage-I to 58.3 liters day-1 tree-1 in stage-III. Linear increase in vegetative and reproductive growth was observed with increase in irrigation water. Polynomial relationship studies indicated the increase in water quantity applied to Kinnow with increase in temperature subject to the prevailing relative humidity. Similarly, volumes of water applied increased with increased mean evaporation. The study concluded that drip irrigation scheduling with 60 to 80% ER alternatively, starting from January to December save significant amount of water, without affecting yield and quality of Kinnow under subtropical conditions.

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Jhalegar, Jameel, R. R. Sharma, and S. K. Singh. "Effect of surface coatings on postharvest quality of Kinnow mandarin." Indian Journal of Horticulture 72, no. 2 (2015): 267. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/0974-0112.2015.00050.x.

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Kour, Ravleen, Ankur Rastogi, R. K. Sharma, and Manmeet Singh. "Evaluation of Kinnow Mandarin Fruit Waste in Rations of Goats." Indian Journal of Animal Nutrition 33, no. 4 (2016): 416. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/2231-6744.2016.00074.8.

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Kumar, S., R. Kumar, and P. C. Sharma. "De-bittering studies of kinnow mandarin (Citrus reticulata Blanco) juice." Journal of Environmental Biology 41, no. 5 (September 14, 2020): 1068–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.22438/jeb/41/5/mrn-1219.

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Talat, Humna, Waqar Shafqat, and Muhammad Ahsan Qureshi. "EFFECT OF GIBBERELLIC ACID ON FRUIT QUALITY OF KINNOW MANDARIN." Journal of Global Innovations in Agricultural and Social Sciences 8, no. 3 (July 13, 2020): 59–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.22194/jgiass/8.901.

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41

Hayat, Akbar, Ehsan Ul-Haque, Muhammad Asim, Naveeda Anjum, Muhammad Zubair, Muhammad Nawaz, and Raza Salik. "RESPONSE OF KINNOW CROP WITH RESPECT TO GROWTH, YIELD AND QUALITY TO DIFFERENT LEVELS OF PRUNING." World Journal of Biology and Biotechnology 4, no. 1 (February 28, 2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.33865/wjb.004.01.0178.

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Pruning is a technique that is employed in orchards to control growth, remove dead or diseased wood, to stimulate formation of flower and fruit buds. It has in common the objectives of manipulating the vegetative or reproductive growth. some of the benefit traditionally attributed pruning had been called into question by field research in past few decades. A proper training and pruning program is essential for maintenance of a healthy and productive orchard. To quantify the pruning intensity and level on the quality and yield in Kinnow fruit crop was studied in the department of Citrus Research institute, Sargodha from 2013 to 2015 . The research trial was conducted according to the RCBD with five replications. Mature and fruit bearing trees of Kinnow mandarin were pruned as No-pruning (T1), light-pruning 10 % (T2) , medium-pruning 25% (T3) and heavy-pruning 35 % (T4). Fruit yield per tree in terms of number of fruits was highest in third year in all contestant treatments i.e. 979 in medium-pruning, 957 in light-pruning, 929 in no-pruning and 853 in heavy-pruning. Medium pruning in respect of quality parameters like average fruit weight and juice percentage excelled among all treatments with results 223g and 54.6% respectively. Conclusively Maximum yield and quality of Kinnow fruit crop was obtained in medium-pruning which appeared to be the best pruning methodology in Kinnow crop

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Manzoor, Meryam, Syed Bilal Hussain, Muhammad Akbar Anjum, Mudassar Naseer, Riaz Ahmad, and Vasileios Ziogas. "Effects of Harvest Time on the Fruit Quality of Kinnow and Feutrell’s Early Mandarins (Citrus reticulata Blanco)." Agronomy 13, no. 3 (March 9, 2023): 802. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy13030802.

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The intrinsic and extrinsic traits of citrus fruits change throughout their developmental process, and, therefore, to ensure the highest quality, fruit must be harvested at an appropriate stage of maturity. In a 2-year study, mandarin (Citrus reticulata Blanco) cultivars (Kinnow and Feutrell’s Early) grafted on rough lemon (C. jambheri Lush) rootstock were selected to analyze the effect of harvest time on their physicochemical characteristics and antioxidant potential in two consecutive growing seasons in the Multan region of South Pakistan, which has a subtropical climate. Fruits were harvested from commercial citrus groves at intervals of one month (from September to February). The results showed that different maturity stages/harvesting dates have a significant effect on the fruit quality and yield characteristics of mandarin cultivars. An increase in fruit weight, juice content, total soluble solids, ripening index, juice pH, and total sugar content was observed with the advancement of fruit maturity, while juice acidity, antioxidant capacity, total phenolic content, and vitamin C content had a decreasing trend towards fruit maturity. Overall, both cultivars showed similar profiles to the change in fruit quality traits during growth and development, but their amounts showed great variation. Based on the comprehensive consideration, Kinnow attained the maximum fruit quality and yield values from mid-January to February, whilst Feutrell’s Early attained the maximum values of these parameters from mid-December to mid-January, attributing to higher consumer acceptability. This study demonstrated that harvest time plays a key role in controlling the fruit quality and yield of mandarin cultivars. In practice, harvest time should be highly considered for the fresh and processed citrus market and industry.

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Verma, Geeta, P. K. Mahajan, and Anju Sharma. "Correlation and path analysis between yield and different morphological characters in Kinnow Mandarin (C. Noballis × C. Deliciosa)." Journal of Applied and Natural Science 10, no. 2 (May 29, 2018): 759–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.31018/jans.v10i2.1774.

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A study of interrelationship and cause-effect analysis of yield of Kinnow Mandarin (C. Noballis × C. deliciosa) and its component traits for 104 and 96 trees from Indora (Location L-1) and Indpur (Location L-2) blocks of Kangra district respectively had been done in 2014-15. F-test suggested that there was significant (1.47) variation among yield characteristics between these two locations except for fruit weight (gm) and LD ratio. Results obtained from path coefficient analysis, showed that for location L-1, number of fruits per branch (0.229), plant height (0.215) and tree girth (0.212) had highest and direct effect on yield per tree whereas for location L-2, fruit weight (0.38), number of flowers per branch (0.176) and plant girth (0.161) had highest direct effect on yield per plant. Thus, number of fruits per branch, number of flowers per branch and tree girth were the most important yield components of kinnow crop which should be exploited through a breeding programme for improving its yield potential.

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Devi, Arti, Nirmal Sharma, VK Wali, Arti Sharma, Rajesh Kumar, and VM Arya. "Effect of plant bioregulators on yield and quality of Kinnow mandarin." Journal of Hill Agriculture 6, no. 2 (2015): 139. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/2230-7338.2015.00027.0.

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Mazhar, M. S., A. U. Malik, A. Jabbar, O. H. Malik, and M. N. Khan. "Fruit blemishes caused by abiotic and biotic factors in Kinnow mandarin." Acta Horticulturae, no. 1120 (July 2016): 483–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2016.1120.74.

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Dhillon, B. S. "BIO-REGULATION OF DEVELOPMENTAL PROCESSES AND SUBSEQUENT HANDLING OF KINNOW MANDARIN." Acta Horticulturae, no. 179 (July 1986): 251–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.1986.179.28.

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R. B. GAUR, R. N. SHARMA, and M. K. KAUL. "Impact of meteorological variables on postbloom fruit dropping in kinnow mandarin." Journal of Agrometeorology 14, no. 1 (June 1, 2012): 91–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.54386/jam.v14i1.1395.

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Pathania, Mandeep, Jagdish Kumar Arora, and Parshotam Kumar Arora. "Incidence and severity of insect-pests and diseases of Kinnow mandarin." Indian Journal of Horticulture 78, no. 3 (2021): 280–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/0974-0112.2021.00040.2.

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Kumar, Sunil, O. P. Awasthi, A. K. Dubey, Awtar Singh, and Renu Pandey. "Impact of ionising irradiation on physio-biochemical traits of Kinnow mandarin." Indian Journal of Horticulture 78, no. 2 (2021): 149–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/0974-0112.2021.00021.9.

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Chauhan, Sanjeev K., W. S. Dhillon, N. Gupta, Pankaj Panwar, and Rajni. "Effect of wind breakers using eucalyptus on cultivation of kinnow mandarin." Indian Journal of Horticulture 78, no. 3 (2021): 268–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/0974-0112.2021.00038.4.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Kinnow mandarin'

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