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Journal articles on the topic 'Kinetics of non-isothermal crystallization'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 28 June 2021

Last updated: 18 February 2022

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1

Eltahir, Yassir A., Haroon A. M. Saeed, Chen Yuejun, Yumin Xia, and Wang Yimin. "Parameters characterizing the kinetics of the non-isothermal crystallization of polyamide 5,6 determined by differential scanning calorimetry." Journal of Polymer Engineering 34, no. 4 (June 1, 2014): 353–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/polyeng-2013-0250.

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Abstract The non-isothermal crystallization behavior of polyamide 5,6 (PA56) was investigated by differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), and the non-isothermal crystallization kinetics were analyzed using the modified Avrami equation, the Ozawa model, and the method combining the Avrami and Ozawa equations. It was found that the Avrami method modified by Jeziorny could only describe the primary stage of non-isothermal crystallization kinetics of PA56, the Ozawa model failed to describe the non-isothermal crystallization of PA56, while the combined approach could successfully describe the non-isothermal crystallization process much more effectively. Kinetic parameters, such as the Avrami exponent, kinetic crystallization rate constant, relative degree of crystallinity, the crystallization enthalpy, and activation energy, were also determined for PA56.

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2

Zhou, Ying-Guo, Wen-Bin Wu, Gui-Yun Lu, and Jun Zou. "Isothermal and non-isothermal crystallization kinetics and predictive modeling in the solidification of poly(cyclohexylene dimethylene cyclohexanedicarboxylate) melt." Journal of Elastomers & Plastics 49, no. 2 (July 27, 2016): 132–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0095244316641327.

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Isothermal and non-isothermal crystallization kinetics of polycyclohexylene dimethylene cyclohexanedicarboxylate (PCCE) were investigated via differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Isothermal melt crystallization kinetics were analyzed using the traditional Avrami equation. Non-isothermal melt crystallization kinetics data obtained from DSC were analyzed using the extended Avrami relation and a combination of the Avrami equation and the Ozawa relationship. The glass transition temperature, equilibrium melting point, isothermal crystallization activation energy, and non-isothermal crystallization activation energy were determined. Furthermore, a predictive method based on the Nakamura model was proposed and was used to describe the non-isothermal crystallization kinetics based on the isothermal experimental data. The results suggested that the original Nakamura equation was not successful in describing the non-isothermal crystallization of PCCE over a wide range of cooling rates. It was found that the non-isothermal crystallization kinetics of PCCE, over a wide range of cooling rates, could best be described by modifying the differential Nakamura equation to include a varied Avrami index.

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3

Milićević, Bojana, Milena Marinović-Cincović, and Miroslav D. Dramićanin. "Non-isothermal crystallization kinetics of Y2Ti2O7." Powder Technology 310 (April 2017): 67–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2017.01.001.

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4

Piccarolo, S., V. Brucato, and Z. Kiflie. "Non-isothermal crystallization kinetics of PET." Polymer Engineering & Science 40, no. 6 (June 2000): 1263–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.11254.

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5

Chattopadhyay, C., S. Sarkar, S. Sangal, and K. Mondal. "Simulated Isothermal Crystallization Kinetics from Non-Isothermal Experimental Data." Transactions of the Indian Institute of Metals 67, no. 6 (May 13, 2014): 945–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12666-014-0422-7.

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6

Hu, Hui E., Zhou Lu, Xiao Hong Su, and Jing Xin Deng. "Study of the crystallization kinetics of a Zr57Cu15.4Ni12.6Al10Nb5 amorphous alloy." International Journal of Materials Research 111, no. 10 (October 1, 2020): 849–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ijmr-2020-1111009.

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Abstract The non-isothermal crystallization kinetics with heating rates ranging from 10 K s-1to 80 K s-1and the isothermal crystallization kinetics during annealing from the glass transition temperature to the crystallization onset temperature of a Zr57Cu15.4Ni12.6Al10Nb5 amorphous alloy were studied in detail using X-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry. During non-isothermal crystallization, it is more difficult to nucleate than to grow, and the crystallization resistance increases first and then decreases. During isothermal crystallization of the alloy from 713- 728 K, there are two exothermic peaks corresponding to a diffusion-controlled growth process with decreasing nucleation rate and increasing nucleation rate. From 733- 748 K, only one exothermic peak appears, and the growth process is controlled by the interface with decreasing nucleation rate. Isothermal crystallization is a process in which the crystallization resistance increases. The resistance of isothermal crystallization is less than that of non-isothermal crystallization.

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7

Lee, Chain-Ming, Yeong-Iuan Lin, and Tsung-Shune Chin. "Crystallization kinetics of amorphous Ga–Sb–Te films: Part II. Isothermal studies by a time-resolved optical transmission method." Journal of Materials Research 19, no. 10 (October 1, 2004): 2938–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2004.0379.

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Isothermal crystallization kinetics of amorphous Ga–Sb–Te films was studied by means of a time-resolved optical transmission method. Thin films with compositions along the pseudo-binary tie-lines Sb7Te3–GaSb and Sb2Te3–GaSb in the ternary phase diagram were prepared by the co-sputtering method. Crystallization of GaSbTe films reveals a two-stage process: an initial surface nucleation and coarsening (Stage 1) followed by the one-dimensional grain growth (Stage 2). The kinetic exponent (n) value in Stage 1 shows strong dependence on film compositions, while that of Stage 2 is less dependent. The activation energy in Stage 1 increases with increasing GaSb content and reaches the maximum values at compositions close to GaSb, but a decreasing trend was observed in Stage 2. Kinetics parameters between isothermal crystallization of thin films and non-isothermal crystallization of powder samples analyzed by differential scanning colorimetry [J. Mater. Res. 19, 2929 (2004)] are compared. The kinetic parameters in Stage 1 show much correspondence with those of non-isothermal cases in comparable kinetic exponents but with lower activation energies. The discrepancies between nonisothermal and isothermal kinetics are attributed to the sample morphology and the constraint effects.

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8

Erukhimovitch, V., and J. Baram. "A model for non-isothermal crystallization kinetics." Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids 208, no. 3 (December 1996): 288–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0022-3093(96)00521-2.

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9

Fan-Chiang, C. C., W. Y. Chiu, K. H. Hsieh, and L. W. Chen. "Crystallization of polypropylene II. Non-isothermal kinetics." Materials Chemistry and Physics 34, no. 1 (April 1993): 52–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0254-0584(93)90119-7.

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10

Li, Cheng Peng, Mary She, and Ling Xue Kong. "Non-Isothermal Crystallization Kinetics of Polyvinyl Alcohol-Graphene Oxide Composites." Applied Mechanics and Materials 446-447 (November 2013): 206–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.446-447.206.

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Polyvinlyl alcohol (PVA)/graphene oxide (GO) composites are prepared by solution blending method. And the non-isothermal crystallization kinetics of as-prepared composites is evaluated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The results indicate the graphene oxide can significantly modify the non-isothermal crystallization behavior of the PVA, for instance improved crystallization temperature and prolonged crystallization time. Enhanced crystallization temperature illustrates that GO can act as effective nucleating agent. However, prolonged crystallization time means that GO can retard the whole crystallization. Further kinetics analysis indicates that both the crystallization kinetics of neat PVA and PVA/GO match the Mo model very well. According to the Mo model, during the whole crystallization process, graphene oxide perform as a retardant. In conclusion, graphene oxide can act as effective nucleating agent due to strong interaction bewteen graphene oxide and PVA matrix. On the other hand, graphene oxide loaded may lead to other side effects. This side effects may lead to the retarded crystallization speed finally.

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11

Tkalcec, E. "Isothermal and non-isothermal crystallization kinetics of zinc-aluminosilicate glasses." Thermochimica Acta 378, no. 1-2 (October 24, 2001): 135–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0040-6031(01)00627-x.

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12

Gupta, Sahil, Xuepei Yuan, T. C. Mike Chung, M. Cakmak, and R. A. Weiss. "Isothermal and non-isothermal crystallization kinetics of hydroxyl-functionalized polypropylene." Polymer 55, no. 3 (February 2014): 924–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.polymer.2013.12.063.

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13

Zhao, Xipo, Zheng Ding, Yuejun Zhang, Yingxue Wang, and Shaoxian Peng. "Preparation and crystallization kinetics of polyesteramide based on poly(L-lactic acid)." e-Polymers 18, no. 1 (January 26, 2018): 97–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/epoly-2017-0171.

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AbstractUsing the melt polycondensation method, a polyesteramide was prepared based on poly(L-lactic acid) prepolymer and poly(ε-caprolactam) prepolymer and was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and 1H-NMR. Isothermal crystallization behavior at different temperatures and non-isothermal crystallization kinetics at different cooling rates were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry, and non-isothermal crystallization kinetics parameters were obtained using the Mo, Ozawa and Jeziorny methods. It was found that the increased cooling rates led to the broadening of the polyesteramide crystallization peaks and their shift toward lower temperatures. Mo and Jeziorny methods were found to be more suitable than the Ozawa method for the analysis of this system, as shown by the comparison these non-isothermal crystallization analysis methods. In addition, the values of activation energy of non-isothermal crystallization for polyesteramide obtained by the Kissinger and Takhor methods were −155.96 and −149.12 kJ/mol, respectively.

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14

Keridou, Ina, Luis J. del Valle, Lutz Funk, Pau Turon, Lourdes Franco, and Jordi Puiggalí. "Non-Isothermal Crystallization Kinetics of Poly(4-Hydroxybutyrate) Biopolymer." Molecules 24, no. 15 (August 5, 2019): 2840. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24152840.

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The non-isothermal crystallization of the biodegradable poly(4-hydroxybutyrate) (P4HB) has been studied by means of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and polarizing optical microscopy (POM). In the first case, Avrami, Ozawa, Mo, Cazé, and Friedman methodologies were applied. The isoconversional approach developed by Vyazovkin allowed also the determination of a secondary nucleation parameter of 2.10 × 105 K2 and estimating a temperature close to 10 °C for the maximum crystal growth rate. Similar values (i.e., 2.22 × 105 K2 and 9 °C) were evaluated from non-isothermal Avrami parameters. All experimental data corresponded to a limited region where the polymer crystallized according to a single regime. Negative and ringed spherulites were always obtained from the non-isothermal crystallization of P4HB from the melt. The texture of spherulites was dependent on the crystallization temperature, and specifically, the interring spacing decreased with the decrease of the crystallization temperature (Tc). Synchrotron data indicated that the thickness of the constitutive lamellae varied with the cooling rate, being deduced as a lamellar insertion mechanism that became more relevant when the cooling rate increased. POM non-isothermal measurements were also consistent with a single crystallization regime and provided direct measurements of the crystallization growth rate (G). Analysis of the POM data gave a secondary nucleation constant and a bell-shaped G-Tc dependence that was in relative agreement with DSC analysis. All non-isothermal data were finally compared with information derived from previous isothermal analyses.

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15

Zhang, Dao, Wang Shu Lu, Xiao Yan Wang, and Sen Yang. "Non-Isothermal Crystallization Kinetics of Mg₆₁Zn₃₅Ca₄ Glassy Alloy." Materials Science Forum 898 (June 2017): 657–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.898.657.

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The non-isothermal crystallization kinetics of Mg61Zn35Ca4 glassy alloy prepared via melt-spinning were studied by using isoconversion method. The crystalline characterization of Mg61Zn35Ca4 was examined by X-ray diffraction. Different scanning calorimeter was used to investigate the non-isothermal crystallization kinetics at different heating rates (3-60 K/min). The calculated value of Avrami exponent obtained by Matusita method indicated that the crystalline transformation for Mg61Zn35Ca4 is a complex process of nucleation and growth. The Kissinger-Akahira-Sunose method was used to investigate the activation energy. The activation energy of crystallization varies with the extent of crystallization and hence with temperature. The Sestak-Berggren model was used to describe the non-isothermal crystallization kinetics.

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16

Sarkar, Rahul, and Zushu Li. "Isothermal and Non-isothermal Crystallization Kinetics of Mold Fluxes used in Continuous Casting of Steel: A Review." Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B 52, no. 3 (April 2, 2021): 1357–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11663-021-02099-5.

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AbstractCasting powders or mold fluxes, as they are more commonly known, are used in the continuous casting of steel to prevent the steel shell from sticking to the copper mold. The powders first melt and create a pool of liquid flux above the liquid steel in the mold, and then the liquid mold fluxes penetrate into the gap between water-cooled copper mold and steel shell, where crystallization of solid phases takes place as the temperatures gradually drop. It is important to understand the crystallization behavior of these mold fluxes used in the continuous casting of steel because the crystalline phase fraction in the slag films plays a crucial role in determining the horizontal heat flux during the casting process. In this work, the existing literature on the crystallization kinetics of conventional and fluoride-free mold fluxes used in the continuous casting of steel has been reviewed. The review has been divided into two main sections viz. the isothermal crystallization kinetics and non-isothermal crystallization kinetics. Under each of these sections, three of the most widely used techniques for studying the crystallization kinetics have been included viz. thermoanalytical techniques such as differential scanning calorimetry/differential thermal analysis (DSC/DTA), the single and double hot thermocouple technique (SHTT and DHTT), and the confocal scanning laser microscopy (CSLM). For each of these techniques, the available literature related to the crystallization kinetics of mold fluxes has been summarized thereby encompassing a wide range of investigations comprising of both conventional and fluoride-free fluxes. Summaries have been included after each section with critical comments and insights by the authors. Finally, the relative merits and demerits of these methods vis-à-vis their application in studying the crystallization kinetics of mold fluxes have been discussed.

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17

Dyamant, I., E. Korin, and J. Hormadaly. "Non-isothermal crystallization kinetics of La2CaB10O19 from glass." Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids 357, no. 7 (April 2011): 1690–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2011.01.028.

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18

Garnier, Louis, Sophie Duquesne, Serge Bourbigot, and René Delobel. "Non-isothermal crystallization kinetics of iPP/sPP blends." Thermochimica Acta 481, no. 1-2 (January 2009): 32–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tca.2008.10.006.

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19

Kong, L. H., Y. L. Gao, T. T. Song, G. Wang, and Q. J. Zhai. "Non-isothermal crystallization kinetics of FeZrB amorphous alloy." Thermochimica Acta 522, no. 1-2 (August 2011): 166–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tca.2011.02.013.

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20

Cheng, Sirui, Chunju Wang, Mingzhen Ma, Debin Shan, and Bin Guo. "Non-isothermal crystallization kinetics of Zr41.2Ti13.8Cu12.5Ni10Be22.5 amorphous alloy." Thermochimica Acta 587 (July 2014): 11–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tca.2014.04.009.

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21

Heeg, Bauke. "Fast algorithm for computing non-isothermal crystallization kinetics." Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids 438 (April 2016): 74–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2015.10.014.

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22

Jiao, Chuanmei, Zhengzhou Wang, Xiaoming Liang, and Yuan Hu. "Non-isothermal crystallization kinetics of silane crosslinked polyethylene." Polymer Testing 24, no. 1 (February 2005): 71–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.polymertesting.2004.07.007.

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23

Liu, Yufei, Li Wang, Yong He, Zhongyong Fan, and Suming Li. "Non-isothermal crystallization kinetics of poly(L-lactide)." Polymer International 59, no. 12 (November 10, 2010): 1616–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pi.2894.

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24

Li, Bingfan, Gang Liu, Shuyi Ren, Lei Chen, Houxing Teng, Xingguo Lu, and Junjie Gao. "Non-isothermal crystallization kinetics of waxy crude oil." Petroleum Science and Technology 37, no. 3 (November 15, 2018): 282–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10916466.2018.1539755.

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25

Svoboda, Roman, Daniela Brandová, and Jiří Málek. "Non-isothermal crystallization kinetics of GeTe4 infrared glass." Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry 123, no. 1 (July 29, 2015): 195–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10973-015-4937-x.

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26

Prajapati, Sonal R., Supriya Kasyap, Ashmi T. Patel, and Arun Pratap. "Non-isothermal crystallization kinetics of Zr52Cu18Ni14Al10Ti6 metallic glass." Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry 124, no. 1 (August 23, 2015): 21–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10973-015-4979-0.

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27

Ding, Chengyi, Xuewei Lv, Yun Chen, and Chenguang Bai. "Non-isothermal crystallization kinetics for CaO–Fe2O3 system." Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry 124, no. 1 (November 2, 2015): 509–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10973-015-5105-z.

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28

Zhang, Ruixin, Mingbo Gu, and Guoqiang Chen. "Non-isothermal crystallization kinetics of kaolin modified polyester." Journal of Wuhan University of Technology-Mater. Sci. Ed. 26, no. 5 (October 2011): 945–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11595-011-0342-x.

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29

Liu, Bingxiao, Guosheng Hu, Jingting Zhang, and Zhongqiang Wang. "The non-isothermal crystallization behavior of polyamide 6 and polyamide 6/HDPE/MAH/L-101 composites." Journal of Polymer Engineering 39, no. 2 (February 25, 2019): 124–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/polyeng-2018-0170.

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AbstractStudy of the crystallization kinetics is particularly necessary for the analysis and design of processing operations, especially the non-isothermal crystallization behavior, which is due to the fact that most practical processing techniques are carried out under non-isothermal conditions. The non-isothermal crystallization behaviors of polyamide 6 (PA6) and PA6/high-density polyethylene/maleic anhydride/2,5-dimethyl-2,5-di(tert-butylperoxy)hexane (PA6/HDPE/MAH/L-101) composites were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The crystallization kinetics under non-isothermal condition was analyzed by the Jeziorny and Mo equations, and the activation energy was determined by the Kissinger and Takhor methods. The crystal structure and morphology were analyzed by wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WXRD) and polarized optical microscopy (POM). The results indicate that PA6/HDPE/MAH/L-101 has higher crystallization temperature and crystallization rate, which is explained as due to its heterogeneous nuclei.

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30

Liu, Minying, Qingxiang Zhao, Yudong Wang, Chenggui Zhang, Zhishen Mo, and Shaokui Cao. "Melting behaviors, isothermal and non-isothermal crystallization kinetics of nylon 1212." Polymer 44, no. 8 (April 2003): 2537–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0032-3861(03)00101-0.

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31

Liu, K. T., and J. G. Duh. "Isothermal and non-isothermal crystallization kinetics in amorphous Ni45.6Ti49.3Al5.1 thin films." Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids 354, no. 27 (June 2008): 3159–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2008.01.015.

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32

Ferreira, C. I., C. Dal Castel, M. A. S. Oviedo, and R. S. Mauler. "Isothermal and non-isothermal crystallization kinetics of polypropylene/exfoliated graphite nanocomposites." Thermochimica Acta 553 (February 2013): 40–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tca.2012.11.025.

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33

Chew, S., J. R. Griffiths, and Z. H. Stachurski. "The crystallization kinetics of polyethylene under isothermal and non-isothermal conditions." Polymer 30, no. 5 (May 1989): 874–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0032-3861(89)90185-7.

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34

Kemény, T., and J. Šesták. "Comparison of crystallization kinetics determined by isothermal and non-isothermal methods." Thermochimica Acta 110 (February 1987): 113–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0040-6031(87)88217-5.

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35

Run, Mingtao, Chenguang Yao, and Yingjin Wang. "Morphology, isothermal and non-isothermal crystallization kinetics of poly(methylene terephthalate)." European Polymer Journal 42, no. 3 (March 2006): 655–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2005.08.010.

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36

Bandyopadhyay, Jayita, Suprakas Sinha Ray, and Mosto Bousmina. "Nonisothermal Crystallization Kinetics of Poly(ethylene terephthalate) Nanocomposites." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 8, no. 4 (April 1, 2008): 1812–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2008.18247.

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This article reports the nonisothermal crystallization kinetics of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) nanocomposites. The non-isothermal crystallization behaviors of PET and the nanocomposite samples are studied by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Various models, namely the Avrami method, the Ozawa method, and the combined Avrami-Ozawa method, are applied to describe the kinetics of the non-isothermal crystallization. The combined Avrami and Ozawa models proposed by Liu and Mo also fit with the experimental data. Different kinetic parameters determined from these models prove that in nanocomposite samples intercalated silicate particles are efficient to start crystallization earlier by nucleation, however, the crystal growth decrease in nanocomposites due to the intercalation of polymer chains in the silicate galleries. Polarized optical microscopy (POM) observations also support the DSCresults. The activation energies for crystallization has been estimated on the basis of three models such as Augis–Bennett, Kissinger and Takhor methods follow the trend PET/2C20A<PET/1.3C20A<PET, indicating incorporation of organoclay enhance the crystallization by offering large surface area.

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37

Chen, Yanhua, Xiayin Yao, Qun Gu, and Zhijuan Pan. "Non-isothermal crystallization kinetics of poly (lactic acid)/graphene nanocomposites." Journal of Polymer Engineering 33, no. 2 (April 1, 2013): 163–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/polyeng-2012-0124.

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Abstract Poly(lactic acid) (PLA)/graphene nanocomposites were prepared by solution blending and the dispersibility of graphene in the PLA matrix was examined by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The non-isothermal crystallization behaviors of pure PLA and PLA/graphene nanocomposites from the melt were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The results showed that the graphene could play a role as a heterogeneous nucleating agent during the non-isothermal crystallizing process of PLA, and accelerate the crystallization rate. The non-isothermal crystallizing data were analyzed with the Avrami, Ozawa and Mo et al. models and the crystallization parameters of the samples were obtained. It is demonstrated that the combination of the Avrami and Ozawa models developed by Mo et al. was successful in describing the non-isothermal crystallization process for pure PLA and its nanocomposite. According to the Kissinger equation, the activation energies were found to be -154.3 and -179.5 kJ/mol for pure PLA and PLA/0.1 wt% graphene nanocomposite, respectively. Furthermore, the spherulite growth behavior was investigated by polarized optical microscopy (POM) and the results also supported the DSC data.

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38

Wang, Kun Yan, and Bin Li. "Effect of Graphene Oxide on Non-Isothermal Melt Crystallization Kinetics of Poly(Trimethylene Terephthalate)." Key Engineering Materials 748 (August 2017): 74–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.748.74.

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Poly (trimethylene terephthalate) (PTT)/graphene oxide (GO) nanocomposites were prepared by melt mixing. The effect of GO on non-isothermal melt crystallization kinetics of PTT with different amounts of GO were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The Avrami, Ozawa and Mo were used to analyze the non-isothermal crystallization process. The results of Avrami analysis showed that adding GO into PTT matrix changed the crystallization nucleation of PTT. Ozawa analysis could not be used for the non-isothermal crystallization of PTT/GO nanocomposites. According to the results of Mo analysis, a higher cooling rate would be needed in order to obtain a higher degree of crystallinity at unit crystallization time.

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39

Wang, Yu, Hong-Liang Kang, Rui Wang, Rui-Gang Liu, and Xin-Min Hao. "Crystallization of polyamide 56/polyamide 66 blends: Non-isothermal crystallization kinetics." Journal of Applied Polymer Science 135, no. 26 (March 9, 2018): 46409. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.46409.

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40

Qiu, Bi Wei, Jing Bo Chen, Bin Zhang, and Chang Yu Shen. "Simulation of Non-Isothermal Crystallization under Varying Cooling Rates for Polymer Melts." Advanced Materials Research 221 (March 2011): 159–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.221.159.

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Traditional studies of crystallization kinetics are often limited to idealized conditions where the temperatures or the cooling rates are constant. In real manufacturing processes, however, the external conditions change continuously, which make the kinetics of crystallization dependent on instantaneous conditions, especially on changing cooling rate. To obtain the crystallization information in manufacturing processes, lots of mathematical models for the non-isothermal crystallization kinetics are raised. But most of them concentrate on constant cooling rates melts crystallization behavior and pay little attention to the condition of varying cooling rates, which is more close to actual processing conditions. Based on the thermodynamics theory of crystallization, I.J. RAO and K.R. RAJAGOPAL derived a general specific model for quiescent crystallization (it is simplified as RAO model below). In order to verify the RAO model’s simulation effect on changing cooling rates crystallization, the constant cooling rates and varying cooling rates melts crystallization of isotactic polypropylene, high density polyethylene and nylon 6 were all investigated using the DSC technique. The results showed that the model predictions and experimental results were in good agreement.

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41

Cao, Xinxin, Mengqi Wu, Aiguo Zhou, You Wang, Xiaofang He, and Libo Wang. "Non-isothermal crystallization and thermal degradation kinetics of MXene/linear low-density polyethylene nanocomposites." e-Polymers 17, no. 5 (August 28, 2017): 373–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/epoly-2017-0017.

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AbstractA novel two-dimensional material MXene was used to synthesize nanocomposites with linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE). The influence of MXene on crystallization and thermal degradation kinetics of LLDPE was investigated. Non-isothermal crystallization kinetics was investigated by using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The experimental data was analyzed by Jeziorny theory and the Mo method. It is found that MXene acted as a nucleating agent during the non-isothermal crystallization process, and 2 wt% MXene incorporated in the nanocomposites could accelerate the crystallization rate. Findings from activation energy calculation for non-isothermal crystallization came to the same conclusion. Thermal gravity (TG) analysis of MXene/LLDPE nanocomposites was conducted at different heating rates, and the TG thermograms suggested the nanocomposites showed an improvement in thermal stability. Apparent activation energy (Ea) of thermal degradation was calculated by the Kissinger method, and Ea values of nanocomposites were higher than that of pure LLDPE. The existence of MXene seems to lead to better thermal stability in composites.

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42

Zhao, Zi Nian, and Xiao Li Lei. "Research in Non-Isothermal Crystallization Kinetics of LDPE Composite Films." Advanced Materials Research 848 (November 2013): 46–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.848.46.

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By means of melt blending process in a co-rotating twin screw extruder and blow molding , the low density polyethylene (LDPE)/thermoplastic elastomer(TPE) mixed membranes and LDPE/inorganic particles composite membrane were prepared. by differential scanning calorimetry(DSC) to study the non-isothermal crystallization kinetics of the LDPE composite system by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC).Use modified Jeziorny method to process the data ,the results shows that ZMS, SiO2, EVA and EMAA all play a role of heterogeneous nucleation and the crystallization rate of LDPE has been increased,especially the ZMS/LDPE composite system which heterogeneous nucleation is more obvious and crystallization rate is faster.

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43

Aji, D. P. B., and G. P. Johari. "Isothermal and non-isothermal crystallization kinetics of ultraviscous melt of Mg65Cu25Tb10 glass." Thermochimica Acta 510, no. 1-2 (October 2010): 144–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tca.2010.07.008.

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Conde, C. F., H. Miranda, A. Conde, and R. Marquez. "Non-isothermal crystallization and isothermal transformation kinetics of the Ni68.5Cr14.5P17 metallic glass." Journal of Materials Science 24, no. 1 (January 1989): 139–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00660945.

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Papageorgiou, G. Z., D. S. Achilias, D. N. Bikiaris, and G. P. Karayannidis. "Isothermal and non-isothermal crystallization kinetics of branched and partially crosslinked PET." Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry 84, no. 1 (April 2006): 85–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10973-005-7366-4.

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Mubarak, Y., E. M. A. Harkin-Jones, P. J. Martin, and M. Ahmad. "Modeling of non-isothermal crystallization kinetics of isotactic polypropylene." Polymer 42, no. 7 (March 2001): 3171–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0032-3861(00)00606-6.

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47

MINOUEI, H., G. H. AKBARI, M. H. ENAYATI, and S. I. HONG. "Non-isothermal nano-crystallization kinetics in amorphous Ni55Nb35Si10 alloy." Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China 29, no. 2 (February 2019): 358–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1003-6326(19)64945-9.

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Apiwanthanakorn, Nattapol, Pitt Supaphol, and Manit Nithitanakul. "Non-isothermal melt-crystallization kinetics of poly(trimethylene terephthalate)." Polymer Testing 23, no. 7 (October 2004): 817–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.polymertesting.2004.03.001.

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Hao, Wentao, Wen Yang, He Cai, and Yiping Huang. "Non-isothermal crystallization kinetics of polypropylene/silicon nitride nanocomposites." Polymer Testing 29, no. 4 (June 2010): 527–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.polymertesting.2010.03.004.

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Shi, Jianshe, Xujie Yang, Xin Wang, and Lude Lu. "Non-isothermal crystallization kinetics of nylon 6/attapulgite nanocomposites." Polymer Testing 29, no. 5 (August 2010): 596–602. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.polymertesting.2010.03.007.

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