Relevant bibliographies by topics / Kinetics

Academic literature on the topic 'Kinetics'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 30 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Kinetics"

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Panjaitan, Jabosar Ronggur Hamonangan, David Andrian Padang, Aziz Fatchurohman, and Fourka Fitra Ramadhan. "Hydrolysis Kinetics of Bacterial Cellulose Using Sodium Hydroxide." Reka Buana : Jurnal Ilmiah Teknik Sipil dan Teknik Kimia 8, no. 1 (March 30, 2023): 79–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.33366/rekabuana.v8i1.4433.

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The hydrolysis reaction is a rupture reaction of reactants with water which is generally used to produce useful derivative products and can be reviewed for kinetics as a basis for reactor design. Nata or bacterial cellulose is a compound consisting of pure cellulose and water so that it can be hydrolyzed to produce various cellulose degradation products. This research examined the kinetic hydrolysis of bacterial cellulose using a sodium hydroxide catalyst. This study aimed to determine the kinetic parameters of the nata hydrolysis reaction using a base sodium hydroxide catalyst. The results showed higher temperatures and longer hydrolysis time performed better in hydrolysis reactions. The hydrolysis kinetics in this study were divided into two types, Type 1 hydrolysis kinetics which used the wet weight of bacterial cellulose, and Type 2, which used the dry weight of bacterial cellulose. From the calculation results, the order of bacterial cellulose hydrolysis reaction ranges from 5 – 6, with the kinetic constants of Type 1 hydrolysis kinetics at 40oC, 60oC, and 80oC were 0.000012, 40,255.4, and 299,839 min-1. In comparison, the reaction constants of Type 2 hydrolysis kinetics at 40oC, 60oC, and 80oC were 0.516851, 1.124119, and 2.408972 min-1. The activation energy of Type 1 hydrolysis kinetics was 558.3932 kJ/mol, and Type 2 hydrolysis kinetics was 35.31205 kJ/mol. The difference in kinetic parameter values for Types 1 and 2 will be a reference in designing a nata hydrolysis reactor from wet and dry nata reactants to produce various cellulose degradation compounds.ABSTRAKReaksi hidrolisis merupakan reaksi pemecahan reaktan dengan air yang umumnya dilakukan untuk memproduksi produk – produk turunan bermanfaat dan dapat ditinjau kinetikanya sebagai dasar dalam perancangan reaktor. Nata atau selulosa bakteri merupakan senyawa yang terdiri dari selulosa murni dan air sehingga dapat dihidrolisis untuk menghasilkan berbagai senyawa degradasi selulosa. Pada penelitian ini diteliti kinetika hidrolisis selulosa bakteri menggunakan katalis natrium hidroksida. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menentukan parameter kinetika reaksi hidrolisis nata menggunakan katalis basa natrium hidroksida. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa semakin tinggi suhu dan lama waktu hidrolisis akan meningkatkan kinerja reaksi hidrolisis. Kinetika hidrolisis pada penelitian ini terbagi dua tipe yaitu kinetika hidrolisis Tipe 1 yang menggunakan berat basah selulosa bakteri dan dan Tipe 2 yang menggunakan berat kering selulosa bakteri. Dari hasil perhitungan diperoleh orde reaksi hidrolisis selulosa bakteri berkisar antar 5 – 6 dengan konstanta reaksi kinetika hidrolisis Tipe 1 pada suhu 40oC, 60oC dan 80oC berturut – turut adalah 0,000012; 40.255,4; dan 299.839 min-1. Sedangkan konstanta reaksi kinetika hidrolisis Tipe 2 pada suhu 40oC, 60oC dan 80oC berturut – turut adalah 0,516851; 1,124119; dan 2,408972 min-1. Energi aktivasi kinetika hidrolisis Tipe 1 sebesar 558,3932 kJ/mol, dan energi aktivasi kinetika hidrolsis Tipe 2 sebesar 35,31205 kJ/mol. Perbedaan nilai parameter kinetika pada Tipe 1 dan 2 akan menjadi acuan dalam perancangan reaktor hidrolisis nata berbahan baku nata basah dan kering untuk memproduksi berbagai senyawa degradasi selulosa.
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Yablonsky, Gregory, Daniel Branco, Guy Marin, and Denis Constales. "New Invariant Expressions in Chemical Kinetics." Entropy 22, no. 3 (March 24, 2020): 373. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e22030373.

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This paper presents a review of our original results obtained during the last decade. These results have been found theoretically for classical mass-action-law models of chemical kinetics and justified experimentally. In contrast with the traditional invariances, they relate to a special battery of kinetic experiments, not a single experiment. Two types of invariances are distinguished and described in detail: thermodynamic invariants, i.e., special combinations of kinetic dependences that yield the equilibrium constants, or simple functions of the equilibrium constants; and “mixed” kinetico-thermodynamic invariances, functions both of equilibrium constants and non-thermodynamic ratios of kinetic coefficients.
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Wulan, Praswasti Pembangun Dyah Kencana, Widodo Wahyu Purwanto, and Yuswan Muharam. "KINETIKA MIKRO DEKOMPOSISI METANA MENJADI KARBON NANOTUBE PADA PERMUKAAN KATALIS Ni-Cu-Al." Reaktor 13, no. 3 (June 3, 2011): 148. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/reaktor.13.3.148-154.

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MICRO KINETICS OF DECOMPOSITION OF METHANE TO CARBON NANOTUBES OVER NI-CU-AL CATALYST. The main focus of this research was to obtain micro kinetics decomposition of methane producing carbon nanotube on the surface of the Ni-Cu-Al catalyst. Experimental kinetics data collected at a temperature range of 650-750oC and pressure of one atmosphere. The preliminary test was conducted to obtain the kinetics are not influenced by external and internal diffusion limitations as well as inter-phase transfer. Kinetics data were tested by micro kinetic model derived from the catalyst surface reaction mechanism. The most appropriate kinetic model becomes the rate-limiting step of methane decomposition reaction. Results of preliminary experiment showed that the kinetics of the external diffusion effect is negligible at flow rates above 150 mL/min. Internal diffusion can be ignored with a catalyst under 0.25 mm in diameter with a weight of 0.04 grams of catalyst and contact time 2.5x10-4. Rate equation analysis shows that the rate-limiting step is the adsorption which indicates that intermediate consumption (CH4I + I Û CH3I + HI) is faster than the formation of intermediate (adsorption of methane, CH4 + I Û CH4I). The activation energy obtained for 34.628 kJ/mol and pre-exponential factor of 6.583x106. Fokus utama penelitian ini adalah memperoleh kinetika mikro dekomposisi metana yang menghasilkan Carbon Nanotube pada permukaan katalis Ni-Cu-Al. Data kinetika eksperimen diambil pada rentang temperatur 650-750oC dan tekanan 1 atmosfer. Percobaan pendahuluan dilakukan untuk memperoleh daerah kinetika yang tidak dipengaruhi oleh limitasi difusi eksternal dan internal serta perpindahan antar fasa. Data kinetika diuji dengan model kinetika mikro yang diturunkan dari mekanisme reaksi permukaan katalis. Model kinetika yang paling sesuai menjadi tahap pembatas laju reaksi dekomposisi metana. Hasil percobaan pendahuluan kinetika menunjukkan bahwa pengaruh difusi eksternal dapat diabaikan pada laju alir di atas 150 mL/menit. Difusi internal dapat diabaikan dengan menggunakan katalis berdiameter di bawah 0,25 mm dengan berat katalis 0,04 gram pada waktu kontak 2,5x10-4. Analisis persamaan laju menunjukkan bahwa tahap pembatas laju adalah tahap adsorpsi yang menunjukkan bahwa konsumsi intermediate (CH4I + I Û CH3I + HI) lebih cepat dari pembentukan intermediate (adsorpsi metana,CH4 + I Û CH4I). Energi aktivasi yang diperoleh sebesar 34,628 kJ/mol dan faktor pre-eksponensial 6,583x106.
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Wulan, Praswasti PDK, Widodo W. Purwanto, Yuswan Muharam, and Anindya Adiwardhana. "Parameter kinetika reaksi dekomposisi katalitik metana menjadi karbon nanotube dengan katalis Ni-Cu-Al." Jurnal Teknik Kimia Indonesia 11, no. 1 (October 2, 2018): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.5614/jtki.2012.11.1.5.

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Kinetic Parameter of Methane catalytic Decomposition Reaction into Nanotube Carbon with Ni-Cu-Al Catalyst. Development of production technology of nanotubes carbon through catalytic conversion of hydrocarbons will be efficient and effective if based on knowledge of the nucleation and growth mechanism of carbon nanotubes. Most of the research that focused on identifying the main products of reaction and estimate the activation energy. Growth kinetics and mechanism data of carbon nanotubes not completely available, so that process kinetics models are always based on experimental kinetic data. The objective of this research is to obtain kinetic parameters of catalytic decomposition of methane using the catalyst Ni-Cu-Al with composition of 2:1:1 which was prepared by co-precipitation method using natrium carbonate solution precipitant. Experimental kinetic data were taken in the temperature range of 650-750 °C and pressure of 1 atmosphere. Kinetic data were tested by micro-kinetic model derived from the catalytic surface reaction mechanism. The most appropriate kinetic model with experimental result is the adsorption stage which shows that consumption of intermediate (reaction surface) faster than the formation of intermediate (adsorption of methane). Kinetic parameters obtained are activation energy of 40,6 kJ/mole and pre-exponential factor of 8,625 x 106. Keywords: methane decomposition, hydrogen, carbon nanotubes, co-precipitation, kinetics of reactionAbstrak Pengembangan teknologi produksi karbon nanotube melalui konversi katalitik hidrokarbon akan efisien dan efektif jika didasarkan pada pengetahuan mekanisme nukleasi dan pertumbuhan karbon nanotube. Sebagian besar studi melakukan riset yang difokuskan pada identifikasi produk utama reaksi dan estimasi energi aktivasi. Data kinetika dan mekanisme pertumbuhan karbon nanotube tidak tersedia dengan lengkap sehingga model kinetika proses selalu didasarkan pada data kinetika eksperimen. Pada penelitian ini, dilakukan studi untuk memperoleh parameter kinetika reaksi dekomposisi katalitik metana menggunakan katalis Ni-Cu-Al dengan target komposisi 2:1:1 yang dipreparasi dengan metode kopresipitasi menggunakan presipitan larutan natrium karbonat. Data kinetika eksperimen diambil pada rentang temperatur 650-750 oC dan tekanan 1 atmosfer. Data kinetika diuji dengan model kinetika mikro yang diturunkan dari mekanisme reaksi permukaan katalis. Model kinetika yang paling sesuai dengan hasil percobaan adalah tahap adsorpsi yang menunjukkan bahwa konsumsi intermediate (reaksi permukaan) lebih cepat dari pembentukan intermediate (adsorpsi metana). Parameter kinetika yang diperoleh berupa Energi aktivasi sebesar 40,6 kJ/mol dan faktor pre-eksponensial 8,625 x 106.Kata kunci: dekomposisi metana, hidrogen, karbon nanotube, kopresipitasi, kinetika reaksi
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Hassan, Siti Roshayu, Yung-Tse Hung, Irvan Dahlan, and Hamidi Abdul Aziz. "Kinetic Study of the Anaerobic Digestion of Recycled Paper Mill Effluent (RPME) by Using a Novel Modified Anaerobic Hybrid Baffled (MAHB) Reactor." Water 14, no. 3 (January 27, 2022): 390. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w14030390.

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The process kinetics of an anaerobic digestion process for treating recycled paper mill effluent (RPME) was investigated. A laboratory-scale modified anaerobic hybrid baffled reactor (MAHB) was operated at hydraulic retention times of 1, 3, 5, and 7 days, and the results were analyzed for the kinetic models. A kinetic study was conducted by examining the phase kinetics of the anaerobic digestion process, which were divided into three main stages: hydrolysis kinetics, acetogenesis kinetics, and methane production kinetics. The study demonstrated that hydrolysis was the rate-limiting step. The applied Monod and Contois kinetic models showed satisfactory prediction with μmax values of 1.476 and 0.6796 L day−1, respectively.
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Mulokozi, Adolf M. "Kinetic parameters in heterogeneous kinetics." Thermochimica Acta 197, no. 2 (March 1992): 363–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0040-6031(92)85036-u.

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Zhong, Wei, and Zhou Tian. "Application of Genetic Algorithm in Chemical Reaction Kinetics." Applied Mechanics and Materials 79 (July 2011): 71–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.79.71.

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In this paper, a summary of Genetic Algorithm methods developed recent years applied in chemical reaction kinetics was presented. The applications of the Genetic Algorithm in reduction of the chemical reaction kinetics, estimation of the chemical kinetic parameters and calculation of the chemical kinetic equations were expounded here. Eventually, the confronted problem and developing trend of the application of Genetic Algorithm methods in chemical kinetics were reviewed.
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Juliastuti, S. R., J. Baeyens, C. Creemers, and J. Degreve. "Determination of rate parameter for kinetics of nitrification." Jurnal Teknik Kimia Indonesia 4, no. 2 (October 2, 2018): 234. http://dx.doi.org/10.5614/jtki.2005.4.2.7.

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Determination of rate parameter for kinetics of nitrification The nitrification process is the bottleneck step in the total nitrogen removal. The formation of nitrate is considered as the rate limiting step in the whole process and its kinetics determine the design of the nitrification reactor. Heavy metals (Zn2+ and Cu2+) and different organic compounds are used as micropollutants. These kinetics were experimentally measured by respirometry. In line with the aim of the paper, the experimental investigation are conducted to develop design equations to describe kinetic rate relationships under optimum conditions, study the parameter influence such as pH and inhibition by reaction intermediates and inhibition by external pollutants. Results demonstrate that the maximum value of the specific growth rate of autotrophic biomass() is 1.02 day at pH=7 and decreases at pH 7.5; inhibition occurs at substrate (NH4) concentrations in excess of 15 mg N/l; inhibition occurs at increasing concentrations of NO –N and Cu2+ has more pronounced inhibitory effect than Zn2+. The inhibitory effect of organic compounds are listed as the Chlorobenzene > Trichloroethylene> Phenol> Ethyl benzene; the experimental oxygen uptake rate (OUR)-test results the autotrophic kinetic parameter values, which can be used in design equations. Keywords: Respirometry, Autotrophic Biomass, Nitrification, Oxygen Uptake Rate Abstrak Proses nitrifikasi merupakan langkah penting pada penurunan kadar total nitrogen. Pembentukan nitrat dianggap sebagai tahap pembatas kecepatan reaksi pada keseluruhan proses dan kinetikanya menentukan perancangan dari bagian proses nitrifikasi. Logam berat (Zn2+ dan Cu2+) dan berbagai jenis komponen organik digunakan sebagai mikropolutan. Kinetika ini secara eksperimental diukur menggunakan respirometer. Tujuan penelitian adalah mengembangkan persamaan perancangan yang menggambarkan hubungan laju kinetika pada kondisi optimum, studi pengaruh parameter seperti pH, inhibisi karena reaksi intermediat, dan inhibisi oleh polutan dari luar. Hasil penelitian ditunjukkan sebagai berikut: harga laju pertumbuhan biomasa autotrof maksimum spesifik adalah 1,02 hari-1 pada pH=7 dan menurun pada pH 7,5; inhibisi terjadi pada konsentrasi substrat (NH4+) lebih besar dari 15 mg N/l; inhibisi terjadi pada peningkatan konsentrasi NO -N ;Cu2+ lebih dikenal sebagai penyebab inhibisi daripada Zn2+. Efek inhibisi dari komponen organik di daftar mulai dari Chlorobenzene sampai Ethylbenzen. Tes OUR menghasilkan harga parameter kinetika yang dapat dipakai pad apersamaan perencanaan lumpur aktif nitrifikasi. Kata Kunci: Respirometer, BiomasaAutotrof, Nitrifikasi, Laju Kenaikan Oksigen
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Wentzel, M. C., G. A. Ekama, and G. v. R. Marais. "Processes and Modelling of Nitrification Denitrification Biological Excess Phosphorus Removal Systems – A Review." Water Science and Technology 25, no. 6 (March 1, 1992): 59–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1992.0114.

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This paper reviews developments in modelling the kinetics of activated sludge systems: Completely aerobic nitrification, anoxic/aerobic nitrification denitrification (ND), and anaerobic/anoxic/aerobic nitrification denitrification biological excess phosphorus removal (NDBEPR) systems. The paper highlights the progress in developing a general NDBEPR activated sludge kinetic model – development of polyP organism enhanced cultures, their kinetics, simplification of the kinetics for enhanced cultures under constant flow and load conditions, extension of the simplified model to mixed culture NDBEPR systems under constant flow and load conditions, integration of the polyP organism enhanced culture kinetics with the ND kinetics to give a general NDBEPR kinetic model for cyclic flow and load which incorporates the increased specific denitrification rates observed in NDBEPR systems compared to ND systems. Areas of research that require attention to complete the development of the general NDBEPR kinetic model are identified – denitrification by polyP organisms, calibration and verification of the model for cyclic flow and load, etc.
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Liu, Zu Lan, Lan Qian Li, Yi Ping Liu, and Ming Lu. "Kinetic Study of the Adsorption of Dye onto Cotton in SDS-CTAB Reverse Micelles." Applied Mechanics and Materials 723 (January 2015): 591–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.723.591.

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Adsorption kinetic study of C.I. reactive blue 19 onto cotton was carried out in SDS-CTAB reverse micelles. The data of adsorption kinetics were examined using pseudo first-and second-order kinetic models. It was found that the adsorption kinetics of dye on cotton with diffusion controlling follows the pseudo first-order kinetic model.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Kinetics"

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Leung, Suet-ying, and 梁雪瑩. "A study of step kinetics by kinetic Monte Carlo simulation." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2002. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31226322.

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JUNIOR, JOSE HENRIQUE NOLDIN. "THE REDUCTION KINETICS KINETICS OF SELF-REDUCING BRIQUETTES." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2002. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=3667@1.

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PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO
O presente trabalho, apresenta uma análise do impacto das variáveis, temperatura, tipo de atmosfera e composição dos materiais ferrosos e carbonosos, sobre a cinética da auto- redução, em dois tipos de briquetes auto-redutores, na faixa de temperatura de 1000 à 1300 graus Celsius. É apresentado um breve histórico da ciência de redução dos óxidos de ferro, além das características relevantes dos principais processos de auto-redução e uma análise dos principais trabalhos correlatos disponíveis na literatura, procurando evidenciar os aspectos termodinâmicos e cinéticos destes estudos. São discutidos detalhes do aparato disponível, o procedimento experimental, a caracterização das amostras, e os resultados obtidos. A partir da análise dos resultados, foi determinando a energia de ativação aparente (E0) igual à 177,10 kJ/mol e o fator de freqüência pré-exponencial da equação de Arrehnius (Constante da taxa 0) igual à 0,97x10-3 s-1. Foi observado que aumentos na temperatura de teste, diminuição na vazão de N2 e uso de atmosfera de CO, melhoraram significativamente a cinética de redução dos briquetes auto- redutores, aumentando os graus de conversão obtidos. Os resultados confirmaram que a reação de Boudouard se apresenta como a etapa controladora do processo até 1200 graus Celsius C, quando o controle passa a ser misto, sofrendo também a influência da reação química de redução dos óxidos de ferro. A importância destes resultados e observações experimentais para o desenvolvimento e projeto dos processos emergentes de auto-redução são destacados.
The present work, analyzes the impact of the key variables, temperature, reduction atmosphere and composition of the ferrous and carbonaceous materials, on the kinetics of self- reducing briquettes, for two types of samples, over the temperature range 1000 - 1300 Celsius Degree. A brief history of the ironmaking science is presented, covering the most relevant features of the main self-reduction processes and a survey of the main published researches on the same subject relating to thermodynamic and kinetic aspects. The experimental procedure, details of the apparatus used, the experimental parameters, characterization of the samples and the results are described. Based on the results obtained, the kinetic parameters were evaluated determining the apparent activation energy (E0) as 177,10 kJ/mol and the pre-exponential frequency factor of the Arrehnius equation (ê0) as 0,97x10-3 s-1. It is observed that, increasing the temperature, decreasing the inert gas flow (N2) and using CO atmosphere, improves significantly the kinetics of reduction of self-reducing briquettes, raising the rate of iron oxide reduction. The results confirm that the Boudouard reaction is the rate limiting step of the overall reaction, up to 1200 Celsius Degree, when a mixed control starts, where the influence of the iron oxides reduction shall be also considered. The significance of this experimental results and observations to the design and the development of an innovative self-reduction smelting process are highlighted.
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Rodway, G. H. "Interface kinetics." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.258163.

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Maguire, N. "Transient Kinetics." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.527839.

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Lang, Matthew H. "Polyelectrolyte adsorption kinetics." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/5792.

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Morin, Bertrand. "Kinetics of quenches." Thesis, McGill University, 1993. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=41218.

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Order-disorder transitions have been studied for many years. The great number of experiments done on binary alloys makes condensed matter physics very appealing since it allows theory and experiment to progress side by side.
Using field theoretic methods, we study many aspects of physical systems such as binary alloys, which are taken out of thermodynamic equilibrium. In the introduction, an expose of basic notions is given. In the second chapter, we review an analytical method describing phase separation processes resulting from a critical quench. Physically, the latter phenomena could represent an initially disordered binary alloy, in which, following a drop in temperature, the atoms spontaneously order into a crystalline lattice. We will then study the effect a conserved field has on the kinetics of phase separation. This conserved field represents the local concentration of atoms of the alloy. In Chapter 4, we describe a theory formulated to explain some non-trivial relaxation of the structure factor seen experimentally for an initially ordered system suddenly cooled. Finally, we propose a theoretical model describing polymorphous crystallization. The model is studied via computer simulations. The results so obtained are compared to the experiment.
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Whyte, Andrew Robert. "Laser photofragment kinetics." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Chemistry, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/8319.

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We report here several studies of the kinetics of reactions of free radical species in the gas phase. The radicals were produced by ultraviolet laser photolysis of stable precursor molecules in the presence of various reactant gases together with an excess of inert bath gas. The ensuing reactions were followed by means of either time-resolved laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) measurements of relative radical concentrations, or time-resolved resonance fluorescence measurements of the relative concentrations of product atoms. From the LIF measurements, bimolecular rate coefficients have been obtained at room temperature for the reactions CN + N → N₂ + C [(1.00 ±0.13) x 10⁻¹⁰ cm³s⁻¹], CN + O₂ → products [(1.27 ±0.23) x 10⁻¹⁰ cm³s⁻¹], NH₂ + N → products [(1.21 ±0.14) x 10⁻¹ⁱ cm³s⁻¹], NH₂ + NO → products [(1.81 ±0.12) x 10⁻¹ⁱ cm³s⁻¹], NH₂ + NO₂ → products [(2.11 ±0.18) x 10⁻¹ⁱ cm³s⁻¹], NH + NO → products [(5.78 ±0.64) x 10⁻¹ⁱ cm³s⁻¹], NH + NO₂ →products [(1.61 ±0.14) x 10⁻¹ⁱ cm³s⁻¹]. The rate coefficients for the reactions of NH have also been determined over the temperature range 269 - 377 K, yielding activation energies of 0 ±2 kJ mol⁻¹ (NH + NO) and - 9.5 ±3.2 kJ mol⁻¹ (NH + NO₂). In addition to the rate coefficient measurements the nature of the products of the NH₂ + N reaction has been investigated by measuring the relative yields of product hydrogen atoms via resonance fluorescence. The time dependence of the H atom concentration is consistent with production of H by the reaction NH₂ + N → N₂ + H + H. The same method has been used to establish that H atoms are not produced in the reaction between NH₂ + NO. These results have been interpreted in relation to the mechanisms of the reactions concerned. In particular, the nature of the primary products of the NH₂ + NO reaction is still uncertain; the present results on the NH₂ + NO and NH + NO systems indicate that OH is not a primary product of the former reaction, contrary to previous suggestions. This uncertainty and the results of a recent theoretical study of the kinetics of the NH₂ + NO reaction have raised questions about the nature of the reaction potential energy surface. Using the methods of ab initio molecular orbital theory we have determined the structures, relative energies and vibrational frequencies of a range of species which occur along the reaction coordinates leading to several alternative sets of products. The results of this investigation have been compared to those of earlier experimental and theoretical studies of the NH₂ + NO reaction.
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Lee, Khai S. "Kinetics of wetting." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2008. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/33866.

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Wetting and de-wetting processes play an important role in many natural and technological processes. In many cases, wetting is an essential prerequisite for application, for example in paint films, crop sprays, cosmetics, pharmaceutical tablets and in preparation of suspensions. Both equilibrium and dynamic processes of wetting are important in coatings. In many industrial and medical applications, some strategies to control drop-spreading on solid surfaces are being developed. One possibility is that a surfactant, a surface-active polymer, a polyelectrolyte or their mixture are added to a liquid (usually water). Recently discovered trisiloxane and other silicone-based surfactants show very unusual behaviour.
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Lin, Chuhong. "Interfacial electrochemical kinetics." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2017. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:03207db0-6625-4b20-9c10-ba69ee21d8c6.

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The first two chapters in this thesis introduce the fundamental knowledge underpinning electrochemistry and numerical simulation. The rest of the thesis comprises three parts: investigation of charge transfer at the electrode-electrolyte interface; a kinetic study of electrocatalytic reactions at micro- and nano-electrodes; and the evaluation of electrochemical detection of single enzymes. In the first part the inner-sphere electron transfer is discussed under different situations where the breakage or formation of the chemical bond, the reorganization of the solvent and the influence of the electrical double layer are taken into consideration. Two important half-cell reactions in the field of fuel cells, the hydrogen oxidation reaction and the oxygen reduction reaction, are taken as examples and discussed in Chapter 3 and Chapter 4. The second part focuses primarily on the influence of the electrode size and geometry on electrocatalytic reactions. The kinetics reflecting both the mass transport of the reacting species and the electrocatalytic reaction are investigated. The application of simulation enables the measurement of the kinetic parameters and the determination of rate-determining factors in different experimental situations. The hydrogen oxidation reaction on nanoparticles is investigated in Chapter 5. Homogeneous and heterogeneous EC' (E: electrochemical step; C': catalytic step) reactions are discussed in Chapter 6, respectively. In the last section, the possible detection of single enzymes via the nano-impact electrochemical technique is explored in Chapter 7. The kinetics of the electrode system containing a freely-diffusing enzyme and a microelectrode is investigated and the experimental conditions required for the measurement of enzyme activity predicted.
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Kotchoubey, Jurij. "POLCA-T Neutron Kinetics Model Benchmarking." Thesis, KTH, Reaktorteknologi, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-176096.

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The demand for computational tools that are capable to reliably predict the behavior of a nuclear reactor core in a variety of static and dynamic conditions does inevitably require a proper qualification of these tools for the intended purposes. One of the qualification methods is the verification of the code in question. Hereby, the correct implementation of the applied model as well as its flawless implementation in the code are scrutinized. The present work concerns with benchmarking as a substantial part of the verification of the three-dimensional, multigroup neutron kinetics model employed in the transient code POLCA-T. The benchmarking is done by solving some specified and widely used space-time kinetics benchmark problems and comparing the results to those of other, established and well-proven spatial kinetics codes. It is shown that the obtained results are accurate and consistent with corresponding solutions of other codes. In addition, a sensitivity analysis is carried out with the objective to study the sensitivity of the POLCA-T neutronics to variations in different numerical options. It is demonstrated that the model is numerically stable and provide reproducible results for a wide range of various numerical settings. Thus, the model is shown to be rather insensitive to significant variations in input, for example. The other consequence of this analysis is that, depending on the treated transient, the computing costs can be reduced by, for instance, employing larger time-steps during the time-integration process or using a reduced number of iterations. Based on the outcome of this study, one can finally conclude that the POLCA-T neutron kinetics is modeled and implemented correctly and thus, the model is fully capable to perform the assigned tasks.
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Books on the topic "Kinetics"

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Arnold, Beate Christiane. Schmuck, Kinetik, Objekte =: Jewellery, kinetics, objects. Edited by Joppien Rüdiger, Chadour-Sampson Anna Beatriz 1953-, and Becker Hildegard. 2nd ed. Stuttgart: Arnoldsche Art Publishers, 2001.

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Plonka, Andrzej. Dispersive Kinetics. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2001.

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Pilling, Michael J. Reaction kinetics. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1995.

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Burmistrov, Serguei N. Physical Kinetics. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-1649-6.

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Bagshaw, Clive R. Biomolecular Kinetics. Boca Raton : Taylor & Francis/CRC Press, 2017. | Series: Foundations of biochemistry and biophysics |: CRC Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315120355.

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Plonka, Andrzej. Dispersive Kinetics. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-9658-9.

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Bisswanger, Hans. Enzyme Kinetics. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527806461.

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Alberty, Robert A. Enzyme Kinetics. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470940020.

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Kreuzer, Hans Jürgen, and Zbigniew Wojciech Gortel. Physisorption Kinetics. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-82695-5.

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Klein-Vogelbach, Susanne. Functional Kinetics. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-95470-2.

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Book chapters on the topic "Kinetics"

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Bergethon, Peter R., and Kevin Hallock. "Kinetics − Chemical Kinetics." In The Physical Basis of Biochemistry, 97–101. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-7364-1_24.

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Bergethon, Peter R. "Kinetics: Chemical Kinetics." In The Physical Basis of Biochemistry, 480–97. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-2963-4_31.

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Bergethon, Peter R. "Kinetics – Chemical Kinetics." In The Physical Basis of Biochemistry, 669–712. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6324-6_25.

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Pyeon, Cheol Ho. "Reactor Kinetics." In Accelerator-Driven System at Kyoto University Critical Assembly, 51–81. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-0344-0_3.

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AbstractIn static and kinetic experimental analyses, the reactivity effect of introducing a neutron guide has been examined with various materials and adjustments of the beam window. With the objective of improving the KUCA core characteristics, the implementation of the neutron guide is predicted to increase the fast neutrons in directing the fuel region. With regard to the kinetic characteristics, the subcriticality and the prompt neutron decay constant are monitored for several core configurations and detector positions. The KUCA core is equipped to make locally a hard spectrum core region with the combined use of 235U fuel, a polyethylene moderator, and a Pb–Bi reflector for criticality. In this study, the first attempt is made to examine experimentally the characteristics of kinetics parameters in ADS comprised of 235U-fueled and Pb–Bi-zoned core, and spallation neutrons generated by an injection of 100 MeV protons onto the solid Pb–Bi target. Online monitoring of reactivity has been deduced in real time by the inverse kinetic method on the basis of the one-point kinetic equation with measured neutron signals in the core. Here, measurements by the one-point kinetic equation are validated through the subcriticality evaluation with the PNS histogram and the methodology by the inhour equation.
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Koda, S. "Kinetics." In Advanced Combustion Science, 137–60. Tokyo: Springer Japan, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-68228-8_4.

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Streng, William H. "Kinetics." In Characterization of Compounds in Solution, 19–28. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-1345-2_3.

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Starzak, Michael E. "Kinetics." In Mathematical Methods in Chemistry and Physics, 289–357. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-2082-9_6.

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Mucha, Ronald F., Michael M. Morgan, MacDonald J. Christie, Paolo Nencini, Michele Stanislaw Milella, Theodora Duka, Michele S. Milella, et al. "Kinetics." In Encyclopedia of Psychopharmacology, 684. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-68706-1_3340.

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Hofmann, Andreas. "Kinetics." In Physical Chemistry Essentials, 167–227. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-74167-3_6.

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Mc Auley, Mark Tomás. "Kinetics." In Computer Modelling for Nutritionists, 19–29. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-39994-2_2.

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Conference papers on the topic "Kinetics"

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"KINETICS MODELING OF WOOD TORREFACTION - Weight Loss Kinetics." In 1st International Conference on Simulation and Modeling Methodologies, Technologies and Applications. SciTePress - Science and and Technology Publications, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0003578101160121.

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Martin, Scott M., and Brad Hitch. "Turbulence-Kinetics Interaction Effects on Liquid Fuel Scramjet Kinetic Mechanisms." In 23rd AIAA International Space Planes and Hypersonic Systems and Technologies Conference. Reston, Virginia: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2020-2407.

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Cavanzo, E. A., S. F. Muñoz, A. Ordoñez, and H. Bottia. "Kinetics of Wet In-Situ Combustion: A Review of Kinetic Models." In SPE Heavy and Extra Heavy Oil Conference: Latin America. SPE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/171134-ms.

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Abstract In Situ Combustion is an enhanced oil recovery method which consists on injecting air to the reservoir, generating a series of oxidation reactions at different temperature ranges by chemical interaction between oil and oxygen, the high temperature oxidation reactions are highly exothermic; the oxygen reacts with a coke like material formed by thermal cracking, they are responsible of generating the heat necessary to sustain and propagate the combustion front, sweeping the heavy oil and upgrading it due to the high temperatures. Wet in situ combustion is variant of the process, in which water is injected simultaneously or alternated with air, taking advantage of its high heat capacity, so the steam can transport heat more efficiently forward the combustion front due to the latent heat of vaporization. A representative model of the in situ combustion process is constituted by a static model, a dynamic model and a kinetic model. The kinetic model represents the oxidative behavior and the compositional changes of the crude oil; it is integrated by the most representative reactions of the process and the corresponding kinetic parameters of each reaction. Frequently, the kinetic model for a dry combustion process has Low Temperature Oxidation reactions (LTO), thermal cracking reactions and the combustion reaction. For the case of wet combustion, additional aquathermolysis reactions take place. This article presents a full review of the kinetic models of the wet in situ combustion process taking into account aquathermolysis reactions. These are hydrogen addition reactions due to the chemical interaction between crude oil and steam. The mechanism begins with desulphurization reactions and subsequent decarboxylation reactions, which are responsible of carbon monoxide production, which reacts with steam producing carbon dioxide and hydrogen; this is the water and gas shift reaction. Finally, during hydrocracking and hydrodesulphurization reactions, hydrogen sulfide is generated and the crude oil is upgraded. An additional upgrading mechanism during the wet in situ combustion process can be explained by the aquathermolysis theory, also hydrogen sulphide and hydrogen production can be estimated by a suitable kinetic model that takes into account the most representative reactions involved during the combustion process.
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Jardin, P., J. P. Grandin, A. Cassimi, J. P. Lemoigne, A. Gosselin, X. Husson, D. Hennecart, and A. Lepoutre. "Recoil ion kinetics." In 6th International conference on the physics of highly charged ions. AIP, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.43758.

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Basu, Sumit, Yuan Zheng, and Jay P. Gore. "Chemical Kinetics Parameter Estimation for Ammonia Borane Hydrolysis." In ASME 2008 Heat Transfer Summer Conference collocated with the Fluids Engineering, Energy Sustainability, and 3rd Energy Nanotechnology Conferences. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ht2008-56139.

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Onboard hydrogen storage is an enabling factor in the development of fuel cell powered passenger cars. Ammonia borane (AB) hydrolysis is one of the potential technologies for onboard hydrogen storage. In this study, kinetics of catalyzed ammonia borane hydrolysis using ruthenium-supported-on-carbon has been measured. For reacting flows, chemical kinetics determines the rates of heat generation and species production or consumption in the overall energy and mass balances respectively. Kinetic measurements under isothermal conditions provide critical data for the design of hydrolysis reactors. It is, however, not always possible to eliminate the effects of internal diffusion in a heterogeneous chemical reaction. In such cases, the reaction efficiency (η), which depends on the effective liquid phase diffusivity (Deff) in the catalyst medium, should be determined. Determination of intrinsic kinetic parameters using apparent kinetics data is, thus, a challenge. In this study, the change in AB concentration (CAB) with reaction time (t) has been directly measured. It was observed that the AB hydrolysis reaction had orders between zero and one in a temperature range of 26°C to 55°C. A unified Langmuir-Hinshelwood (LH) model has been adopted to describe the reaction kinetics. The intrinsic kinetic parameters (A, Ea, ΔHads, K0) as well as Deff need to be estimated by inverse analysis of the measured CAB vs t data. Conventionally, kinetic parameters are determined using linear fitting. Sometimes, however, it is impossible to converge to a unique value by using the linear fitting approach as there are several values providing regression coefficients greater than 0.99. In this study, the multiple-variable inverse problem has been solved using a nonlinear fitting algorithm based on Powell’s conjugate-gradient error minimization. This algorithm minimizes errors without using derivatives. As a result, the uncertainties in the kinetic parameter estimation have been significantly reduced by the new approach.
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Zhang, Xiaodong, Min Xu, Rongfeng Sun, and Li Sun. "Study on Biomass Pyrolysis Kinetics." In ASME Turbo Expo 2005: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2005-68350.

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Pyrolysis is the most fundamental process in thermal chemical conversion of biomass, and pyrolysis kinetic analysis is valuable for the in-depth explore of process mechanism. On the basis of thermal gravity analysis of different kinds of biomass feedstock, thermal kinetics analysis was performed to analyze the pyrolysis behavior of biomass. With the apparent kinetic parameters derived, kinetic model was proposed for the main reaction section of biomass pyrolysis process. The pyrolysis characteristics of three kinds of biomass material were compared in view of corresponding biochemical constitution. Through model simulation of different pyrolysis process, the diversity in pyrolysis behavior of different kinds of biomass feedstock was analyzed, and pyrolysis mechanism discussed. The results derived are useful for the development and optimization of biomass thermal chemical conversion technology.
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Mei, Yuhai, Sean Wu, and Chao-pin Yeh. "Cure Kinetics for Conductive Adhesives." In ASME 1996 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece1996-0886.

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Abstract Conductive adhesives as solder replacement play more and more important role in surface-mounting technology. The magnitude and duration of cure cycle temperature significantly influence the final physical and mechanical properties of the joints. Therefore, a knowledge of the reaction kinetics is essential for relating the physical properties to the extent of reaction of the system. A series of isothermal tests was processed, and the experimentally obtained results were checked against the proposed kinetic model. A modified kinetic model is proposed to describe the rate of degree of cure, and a good agreement was found between modeling and test results.
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Rothfuss, Harold E., Charles L. Melcher, Lars Eriksson, Marita Eriksson, and Ron Grazioso. "Scintillation kinetics of YSO:Ce." In 2007 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record. IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/nssmic.2007.4437261.

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Kwon, S., N. Triamnak, and D. P. Cann. "Decomposition kinetics of CaCu3Ti4O12." In 2008 17th IEEE International Symposium on the Applications of Ferroelectrics (ISAF). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/isaf.2008.4693893.

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Tridib Kumar Goswami and Menon Rekha Ravindra. "Modelling of Respiration Kinetics." In 2010 Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, June 20 - June 23, 2010. St. Joseph, MI: American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.29625.

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Reports on the topic "Kinetics"

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Barnes, M. J. Cesium removal and kinetics equilibrium: Precipitation kinetics. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/750111.

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McFadden, David L. Electron Capture Kinetics. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, December 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada251685.

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Olsen, Mitchell, and Willson. L52248 Investigation of Formaldehyde Chemical Kinetics. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), March 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0011246.

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The program is divided into two parts, which are (1) chemical kinetic modeling and (2) plug flow reactor tests. The chemical kinetic modeling focuses on the development of a model that can accurately predict formaldehyde formation and destruction. The most recent version of Chemkin is utilized with various kinetic mechanisms, including GRI-Mech. Numerous kinetic mechanisms are examined in order to select the most accurate one for predicting formaldehyde formation and destruction. The plug flow reactor tests consist of a series of steady state experimental investigations aimed at characterizing formaldehyde. Formaldehyde concentrations in the reactor are measured with an FTIR.
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Essenhigh, R. H., and R. M. Denison. Kinetics of coal combustion: Part 4, Engineering kinetics of char combustion. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5279262.

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Ferrizz, Robert Matthew. Erbium hydride decomposition kinetics. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/897616.

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Rowland, F. S. Research in chemical kinetics. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5523915.

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Seery, D. J., J. D. Freihaut, W. M. Proscia, J. B. Howard, W. Peters, J. Hsu, M. Hajaligol, et al. Kinetics of coal pyrolysis. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6307052.

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Silling, Stewart A. Spall kinetics model description. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1560810.

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Johnsen, Rainer, B. K. Chatterjee, and R. Tosh. Kinetics of Organophosphate Reactions. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, April 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada225269.

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Washington, K. E. Reflected kinetics model for nuclear space reactor kinetics and control scoping calculations. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5466158.

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