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Journal articles on the topic 'Kinetic'
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1
Yablonsky, Gregory, Daniel Branco, Guy Marin, and Denis Constales. "New Invariant Expressions in Chemical Kinetics." Entropy 22, no. 3 (March 24, 2020): 373. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e22030373.
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This paper presents a review of our original results obtained during the last decade. These results have been found theoretically for classical mass-action-law models of chemical kinetics and justified experimentally. In contrast with the traditional invariances, they relate to a special battery of kinetic experiments, not a single experiment. Two types of invariances are distinguished and described in detail: thermodynamic invariants, i.e., special combinations of kinetic dependences that yield the equilibrium constants, or simple functions of the equilibrium constants; and “mixed” kinetico-thermodynamic invariances, functions both of equilibrium constants and non-thermodynamic ratios of kinetic coefficients.
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Saes, M., M. I. Mohamed Refai, B. J. F. van Beijnum, J. B. J. Bussmann, E. P. Jansma, P. H. Veltink, J. H. Buurke, et al. "Quantifying Quality of Reaching Movements Longitudinally Post-Stroke: A Systematic Review." Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair 36, no. 3 (January 31, 2022): 183–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/15459683211062890.
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Background Disambiguation of behavioral restitution from compensation is important to better understand recovery of upper limb motor control post-stroke and subsequently design better interventions. Measuring quality of movement (QoM) during standardized performance assays and functional tasks using kinematic and kinetic metrics potentially allows for this disambiguation. Objectives To identify longitudinal studies that used kinematic and/or kinetic metrics to investigate post-stroke recovery of reaching and assess whether these studies distinguish behavioral restitution from compensation. Methods A systematic literature search was conducted using the databases PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Wiley/Cochrane Library up to July 1st, 2020. Studies were identified if they performed longitudinal kinematic and/or kinetic measurements during reaching, starting within the first 6 months post-stroke. Results Thirty-two longitudinal studies were identified, which reported a total of forty-six different kinematic metrics. Although the majority investigated improvements in kinetics or kinematics to quantify recovery of QoM, none of these studies explicitly addressed the distinction between behavioral restitution and compensation. One study obtained kinematic metrics for both performance assays and a functional task. Conclusions Despite the growing number of kinematic and kinetic studies on post-stroke recovery, longitudinal studies that explicitly seek to delineate between behavioral restitution and compensation are still lacking in the literature. To rectify this situation, future studies should measure kinematics and/or kinetics during performance assays to isolate restitution and during a standardized functional task to determine the contributions of restitution and compensation.
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Romero-Franco, Natalia, María del Carmen Ortego-Mate, and Jesús Molina-Mula. "Knee Kinematics During Landing: Is It Really a Predictor of Acute Noncontact Knee Injuries in Athletes? A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis." Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine 8, no. 12 (December 1, 2020): 232596712096695. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2325967120966952.
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Background: Although knee kinematics during landing tasks has traditionally been considered to predict noncontact knee injuries, the predictive association between noncontact knee injuries and kinematic and kinetic variables remains unclear. Purpose: To systematically review the association between kinematic and kinetic variables from biomechanical evaluation during landing tasks and subsequent acute noncontact knee injuries in athletes. Study Design: Systematic review; Level of evidence, 2. Methods: Databases used for searches were MEDLINE, LILACS, IBECS, CINAHL, SPORTDiscus, SCIELO, IME, ScienceDirect, and Cochrane from database inception to May 2020. Manual reference checks, articles published online ahead of print, and citation tracking were also considered. Eligibility criteria included prospective studies evaluating frontal and sagittal plane kinematics and kinetics of landing tasks and their association with subsequent acute noncontact knee injuries in athletes. Results: A total of 13 studies met the eligibility criteria, capturing 333 acute noncontact knee injuries in 8689 participants. A meta-analysis revealed no significant effects for any kinematic and kinetic variable with regard to subsequent noncontact knee injuries. Conclusion: No kinetic or kinematic variables from landing tasks had a significant association with acute noncontact knee injuries. Therefore, the role and application of the landing assessment for predicting acute noncontact knee injuries are limited and unclear, particularly given the heterogeneity and risk of bias of studies to date.
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Cardona, Manuel, Cecilia E. García Cena, Fernando Serrano, and Roque Saltaren. "ALICE: Conceptual Development of a Lower Limb Exoskeleton Robot Driven by an On-Board Musculoskeletal Simulator." Sensors 20, no. 3 (January 31, 2020): 789. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20030789.
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Objective: In this article, we present the conceptual development of a robotics platform, called ALICE (Assistive Lower Limb Controlled Exoskeleton), for kinetic and kinematic gait characterization. The ALICE platform includes a robotics wearable exoskeleton and an on-board muscle driven simulator to estimate the user’s kinetic parameters. Background: Even when the kinematics patterns of the human gait are well studied and reported in the literature, there exists a considerable intra-subject variability in the kinetics of the movements. ALICE aims to be an advanced mechanical sensor that allows us to compute real-time information of both kinetic and kinematic data, opening up a new personalized rehabilitation concept. Methodology: We developed a full muscle driven simulator in an open source environment and validated it with real gait data obtained from patients diagnosed with multiple sclerosis. After that, we designed, modeled, and controlled a 6 DoF lower limb exoskeleton with inertial measurement units and a position/velocity sensor in each actuator. Significance: This novel concept aims to become a tool for improving the diagnosis of pathological gait and to design personalized robotics rehabilitation therapies. Conclusion: ALICE is the first robotics platform automatically adapted to the kinetic and kinematic gait parameters of each patient.
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L Salami, DO Olumuyiwa, EA Alfred, and OS Olakanmi. "Kinetic modelling of dumpsite leachate treatment using Musa sapientum peels as bio-sorbent." Global Journal of Engineering and Technology Advances 9, no. 2 (November 30, 2021): 024–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/gjeta.2021.9.2.0117.
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Kinetics models are very vital to dumpsite operators and planners as they provide relevant information for effective treatment of leachates. The aim of this work is to model the kinetic process of treatment of Lagos dumpsite leachate using Musa sapientum peels as bio-sorbent with a view of establishing the kinetic parameters of the treatment process. Musa sapientum peels which were collected from Ayetoro market in Epe Local Government area of Lagos State were used to prepare the bio-sorbent. Kinetic process was carried out using 1 g of the prepared bio-sorbent in 100 ml Lagos dumpsite leachate in different conical flasks and at various contacting time. The kinetic data obtained were fitted to different kinetics models. The kinetics models tested were Fractional power model, Lagregren pseudo first – order model, Pseudo second – order model, Kuo – Lotse kinetic model, Blanchard kinetic model and Elovich kinetic model. Other kinetics models considered were Sobkowsk – Czerwi kinetic model, Intraparticle diffusion (IPD) model, Behnajady – Modirshahla – Ghanbery (BMG) model and Diffusion – Chemisorption model. Coefficient of determination (R2) values and the expected nature of the plots of the models were used to screen the tested models. The results revealed that the Pseudo second – order kinetic model has the best R2 value of 0.99996 and the graph followed the expected nature of the plot hence it was adopted in this work. It was concluded that Pseudo second – order kinetic model can be used to navigate the treatment process of Lagos dumpsite using Musa sapientum peels as bio-sorbent.
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Liu, Zu Lan, Lan Qian Li, Yi Ping Liu, and Ming Lu. "Kinetic Study of the Adsorption of Dye onto Cotton in SDS-CTAB Reverse Micelles." Applied Mechanics and Materials 723 (January 2015): 591–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.723.591.
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Adsorption kinetic study of C.I. reactive blue 19 onto cotton was carried out in SDS-CTAB reverse micelles. The data of adsorption kinetics were examined using pseudo first-and second-order kinetic models. It was found that the adsorption kinetics of dye on cotton with diffusion controlling follows the pseudo first-order kinetic model.
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Janssen, Ina, Jeremy M. Sheppard, Andrew A. Dingley, Dale W. Chapman, and Wayne Spratford. "Lower Extremity Kinematics and Kinetics When Landing From Unloaded and Loaded Jumps." Journal of Applied Biomechanics 28, no. 6 (December 2012): 687–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jab.28.6.687.
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Countermovement jumps loaded with a weighted vest are often used for the training of lower body power to improve jump performance. However, it is currently unknown how this added load affects the lower extremity kinematics and kinetics, in particular whether this results in an increased injury risk. Therefore, the purpose of this investigation was to determine how lower extremity kinematics and kinetics during landing are affected by loaded jumps as demonstrated in a volleyball block jump landing. Ten elite male volleyball players performed block jump landings in an unloaded and loaded (9.89 kg) condition. Kinematic and kinetic landing data from the three highest jumps were collected and assessed. Paired samplesttest was used to establish whether load condition had a significant effect on lower extremity kinematics and kinetics. Hip flexion was significantly greater in the unloaded condition compared with the loaded condition (p= .004). There was no significant difference in any other kinematic or kinetic variables measures between the unloaded and loaded conditions. These results suggest that landing from loaded volleyball block jumps does not increase injury risk compared with unloaded jumps in elite male volleyball players.
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Chan, T. W., G. D. Shyu, and A. I. Isayev. "Reduced Time Approach to Curing Kinetics, Part I: Dynamic Rate and Master Curve from Isothermal Data." Rubber Chemistry and Technology 66, no. 5 (November 1, 1993): 849–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.5254/1.3538349.
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Abstract A reduced time approach has been used to predict nonisothermal curing kinetics based on isothermal kinetic data. This approach makes it clear that the conversion in a kinetic process is a function of the reduced time alone and allows for the construction of a master curve from isothermal kinetic data, indicating that the dynamic (or nonisothermal ) rate is equal to the isothermal rate. The approach can be applied to curing, crystallization, and other physico-chemical kinetics. A method is also described for correcting the nonisothermal curing kinetic data obtained from differential scanning calorimetry ( DSC ) for a temperature lag between the sample and the DSC furnace. For two rubber compounds, it has been found that the nonisothermal curing kinetic data corrected for this temperature lag are in better agreement with the predictions based on isothermal kinetics than the uncorrected data.
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Hassan, Siti Roshayu, Yung-Tse Hung, Irvan Dahlan, and Hamidi Abdul Aziz. "Kinetic Study of the Anaerobic Digestion of Recycled Paper Mill Effluent (RPME) by Using a Novel Modified Anaerobic Hybrid Baffled (MAHB) Reactor." Water 14, no. 3 (January 27, 2022): 390. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w14030390.
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The process kinetics of an anaerobic digestion process for treating recycled paper mill effluent (RPME) was investigated. A laboratory-scale modified anaerobic hybrid baffled reactor (MAHB) was operated at hydraulic retention times of 1, 3, 5, and 7 days, and the results were analyzed for the kinetic models. A kinetic study was conducted by examining the phase kinetics of the anaerobic digestion process, which were divided into three main stages: hydrolysis kinetics, acetogenesis kinetics, and methane production kinetics. The study demonstrated that hydrolysis was the rate-limiting step. The applied Monod and Contois kinetic models showed satisfactory prediction with μmax values of 1.476 and 0.6796 L day−1, respectively.
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Constales, Denis, Gregory Yablonsky, Yiming Xi, and Guy Marin. "Egalitarian Kinetic Models: Concepts and Results." Energies 14, no. 21 (November 2, 2021): 7230. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14217230.
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In this paper, two main ideas of chemical kinetics are distinguished, i.e., a hierarchy and commensuration. A new class of chemical kinetic models is proposed and defined, i.e., egalitarian kinetic models (EKM). Contrary to hierarchical kinetic models (HKM), for the models of the EKM class, all kinetic coefficients are equal. Analysis of EKM models for some complex chemical reactions is performed for sequences of irreversible reactions. Analytic expressions for acyclic and cyclic mechanisms of egalitarian kinetics are obtained. Perspectives on the application of egalitarian models for reversible reactions are discussed. All analytical results are illustrated by examples.
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Mulokozi, Adolf M. "Kinetic parameters in heterogeneous kinetics." Thermochimica Acta 197, no. 2 (March 1992): 363–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0040-6031(92)85036-u.
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Mawase, Firas, Tamar Haizler, Simona Bar-Haim, and Amir Karniel. "Kinetic adaptation during locomotion on a split-belt treadmill." Journal of Neurophysiology 109, no. 8 (April 15, 2013): 2216–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00938.2012.
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It has been suggested that a feedforward control mechanism drives the adaptation of the spatial and temporal interlimb locomotion variables. However, the internal representation of limb kinetics during split-belt locomotion has not yet been studied. In hand movements, it has been suggested that kinetic and kinematic parameters are controlled by separate neural processes; therefore, it is possible that separate neural processes are responsible for kinetic and kinematic locomotion parameters. In the present study, we assessed the adaptation of the limb kinetics by analyzing the ground reaction forces (GRFs) as well as the center of pressure (COP) during adaptation to speed perturbation, using a split-belt treadmill with an integrated force plate. We found that both the GRF of each leg at initial contact and the COP changed gradually and showed motor aftereffects during early postadaptation, suggesting the use of a feedforward predictive mechanism. However, the GRF of each leg in the single-support period used a feedback control mechanism. It changed rapidly during the adaptation phase and showed no motor aftereffect when the speed perturbation was removed. Finally, we found that the motor adaptation of the GRF and the COP are mediated by a dual-rate process. Our results suggest two important contributions to neural control of locomotion. First, different control mechanisms are responsible for forces at single- and double-support periods, as previously reported for kinematic variables. Second, our results suggest that motor adaptation during split-belt locomotion is mediated by fast and slow adaptation processes.
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Basheer Hasan, Diya'uddeen, Abdul Aziz Abdul Raman, and Wan Mohd Ashri Wan Daud. "Kinetic Modeling of a Heterogeneous Fenton Oxidative Treatment of Petroleum Refining Wastewater." Scientific World Journal 2014 (2014): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/252491.
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The mineralisation kinetics of petroleum refinery effluent (PRE) by Fenton oxidation were evaluated. Within the ambit of the experimental data generated, first-order kinetic model (FKM), generalised lumped kinetic model (GLKM), and generalized kinetic model (GKM) were tested. The obtained apparent kinetic rate constants for the initial oxidation step (k2′), their final oxidation step (k1′), and the direct conversion to endproducts step (k3′) were 10.12, 3.78, and 0.24 min−1for GKM; 0.98, 0.98, and nil min−1for GLKM; and nil, nil, and >0.005 min−1for FKM. The findings showed that GKM is superior in estimating the mineralization kinetics.
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Yablonsky, Gregory S., Denis Constales, and Guy B. Marin. "Single-Route Linear Catalytic Mechanism: A New, Kinetico-Thermodynamic Form of the Complex Reaction Rate." Symmetry 12, no. 10 (October 21, 2020): 1748. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym12101748.
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For a complex catalytic reaction with a single-route linear mechanism, a new, kinetico-thermodynamic form of the steady-state reaction rate is obtained, and we show how its symmetries in terms of the kinetic and thermodynamic parameters allow better discerning their influence on the result. Its reciprocal is equal to the sum of n terms (n is the number of complex reaction steps), each of which is the product of a kinetic factor multiplied by a thermodynamic factor. The kinetic factor is the reciprocal apparent kinetic coefficient of the i-th step. The thermodynamic factor is a function of the apparent equilibrium constants of the i-th equilibrium subsystem, which includes the (n−1) other steps. This kinetico-thermodynamic form separates the kinetic and thermodynamic factors. The result is extended to the case of a buffer substance. It is promising for distinguishing the influence of kinetic and thermodynamic factors in the complex reaction rate. The developed theory is illustrated by examples taken from heterogeneous catalysis.
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Maitra, S., S. Mukherjee, N. Saha, and J. Pramanik. "Non-isothermal decomposition kinetics of magnesite." Cerâmica 53, no. 327 (September 2007): 284–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0366-69132007000300011.
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Kinetics of thermal decomposition of Indian magnesite was studied by thermo-gravimetric analysis under non-isothermal condition. Coats and Redfern Integral approximation method was used to determine the kinetic parameters. Using the kinetic parameters different kinetic functions were analyzed with the experimental data to ascertain the decomposition mechanism of magnesium carbonate and it was observed that the decomposition reaction followed a contracting sphere kinetic mechanism.
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Kim, Yongwook. "Effects of Foot-Toe Orthoses on Moment and Range of Motion of Knee Joint in Individuals with Hallux Valgus." Life 13, no. 5 (May 11, 2023): 1162. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life13051162.
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Although various types of hallux valgus (HV) orthoses have been used to manage hallux valgus deformity, few previous studies have determined the biomechanical effects of applying a foot-toe orthosis as a therapeutic intervention for HV deformity on the kinetics and kinematics of the knee joint. Biomechanical variables were collected from 24 patients with HV. A three-dimensional motion capture system and force platforms were used to analyze the kinetic and kinematic variables in HV orthosis conditions during gait. To determine the biomechanical effect of each orthosis for HV on knee kinetic and kinematic values, repeated-measures ANOVA was used. The knee adduction moment was significantly decreased under a hard plastic orthosis (HPO) condition compared to that under a without foot-toe orthosis (WTO) condition (p = 0.004). There was a significant decrease in maximal external rotation of the knee joint in HPO than in WTO at the stance phase during gait (p = 0.021). All of the kinetic and kinematic data showed no significant differences between WTO and soft silicone orthosis conditions (p > 0.05). This study indicates that a stronger foot-toe orthosis, such as HPO, to correct HV deformity has a positive effect on the moment and joint motion occurring in the knee joint during walking. In particular, the application of this type of HV orthosis can reduce knee adduction moments associated with the development and progression of knee OA.
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Wang, Xin, and Fengyu Wei. "Kinetic study of application of graphene oxide as a catalyst to accelerate extraction of total flavonoids from Radix Scutellaria." RSC Adv. 7, no. 74 (2017): 46894–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7ra06183h.
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Liu, Tian Shu, Xiang Bao Chen, and Bao Yan Zhang. "Study on the Cure Kinetics of Middle Temperature Curing 3234 Epoxy Resin System." Materials Science Forum 475-479 (January 2005): 1041–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.475-479.1041.
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The cure kinetics of middle temperature curing 3234 epoxy resin was investigated under both isothermal and dynamic curing conditions by Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) technique. The kinetic equations for isothermal and dynamic curing were established respectively by analyzing experimental data obtained from DSC . By following the temperature procedure of the standard cure cycle of the resin system, the validity of the cure kinetic equations was verified by means of determining the residual heat of reaction of samples from different stages of the cure cycle. Results showed that the cure kinetics under both isothermal and dynamic conditions could be described by the autocatalytic kinetic model. Predictions by the kinetic equation for dynamic curing agreed well with the experimental results.
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Zhong, Wei, and Zhou Tian. "Application of Genetic Algorithm in Chemical Reaction Kinetics." Applied Mechanics and Materials 79 (July 2011): 71–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.79.71.
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In this paper, a summary of Genetic Algorithm methods developed recent years applied in chemical reaction kinetics was presented. The applications of the Genetic Algorithm in reduction of the chemical reaction kinetics, estimation of the chemical kinetic parameters and calculation of the chemical kinetic equations were expounded here. Eventually, the confronted problem and developing trend of the application of Genetic Algorithm methods in chemical kinetics were reviewed.
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Sihn, Sangwook, Gregory J. Ehlert, Ajit K. Roy, and Jonathan P. Vernon. "Identifying unified kinetic model parameters for thermal decomposition of polymer matrix composites." Journal of Composite Materials 53, no. 20 (November 4, 2018): 2875–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021998318805821.
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Predicting thermal responses of composite materials requires accurate input parameters derived from reliable thermal property characterization and kinetic models. Composite material properties and decomposition kinetics vary with temperature and heating rate. Typically, conventional kinetic models derived from thermogravimetric analysis data result in multiple sets of kinetic model parameters, which are difficult to implement into numerical simulations under widely varying temperature and heating rate conditions. Here, a methodology was developed to reliably predict decomposition processes of composite materials with a single (i.e., unified) set of kinetic model parameters. The unified kinetic model parameters for each of four different composite materials were used to accurately predict decomposition kinetics observed over the entire range of experimental temperatures and heating rates. Furthermore, this broadly applicable methodology may predict decomposition from limited data sets, and is expected to extrapolate reliably measurable data to experimentally challenging heating rates and temperatures.
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Rossetti, Ilenia, Francesco Conte, and Gianguido Ramis. "Kinetic Modelling of Biodegradability Data of Commercial Polymers Obtained under Aerobic Composting Conditions." Eng 2, no. 1 (February 20, 2021): 54–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/eng2010005.
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Methods to treat kinetic data for the biodegradation of different plastic materials are comparatively discussed. Different samples of commercial formulates were tested for aerobic biodegradation in compost, following the standard ISO14855. Starting from the raw data, the conversion vs. time entries were elaborated using relatively simple kinetic models, such as integrated kinetic equations of zero, first and second order, through the Wilkinson model, or using a Michaelis Menten approach, which was previously reported in the literature. The results were validated against the experimental data and allowed for computation of the time for half degradation of the substrate and, by extrapolation, estimation of the final biodegradation time for all the materials tested. In particular, the Michaelis Menten approach fails in describing all the reported kinetics as well the zeroth- and second-order kinetics. The biodegradation pattern of one sample was described in detail through a simple first-order kinetics. By contrast, other substrates followed a more complex pathway, with rapid partial degradation, subsequently slowing. Therefore, a more conservative kinetic interpolation was needed. The different possible patterns are discussed, with a guide to the application of the most suitable kinetic model.
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Lin, Yen-Hui. "Kinetic Study of 4-Chlorophenol Biodegradation by Acclimated Sludge in a Packed Bed Reactor." Processes 10, no. 10 (October 19, 2022): 2130. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr10102130.
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In this study, batch experiments were conducted to evaluate the degradation of 4-CP using acclimated sludge. The Monod and Haldane models were employed to fit the specific growth rate with various initial 4-CP concentrations of 67–412 mg/L in the batch experiments. Haldane kinetics showed a better fit to experimental results than Monod kinetics. The kinetic parameters were obtained from a comparison of Monod and Haldane kinetics with batch experimental data. The values of μm and KS were found to be 0.691 d−1 and 5.62 mg/L, respectively, for Monod kinetics. In contrast, the values of μm, KS, and KI were 1.30 d−1, 8.38 mg/L, and 279.4 mg/L, respectively, for Haldane kinetics. The kinetic parameters in Haldane kinetics were used as input parameters for the kinetic model system of the packed bed reactor (PBR). The continuous flow PBR was conducted to validate the kinetic model system. The model-simulated results agreed well with experimental data in the PBR performance operation. At the steady-state stage, the removal efficiency of 4-CP was 70.8–96.1%, while the hydraulic retention time (HRT) was 2.5 to 12.4 h. The corresponding removal of 4-CP was assessed to be 94.6 and 96.1% when the inlet 4-CP loading rate was increased from 0.11 to 0.51 kg/m3-d. The approaches of kinetic models and experiments presented in this study can be applied to design a PBR for 4-CP treatment in wastewater from the effluents of various industries.
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Kutlugil’dina, Galiya G. "Kinetic scheme of apple pectin oxidative transformations under the action of the ozone-oxygen mixture." Butlerov Communications 61, no. 2 (February 29, 2020): 79–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.37952/roi-jbc-01/20-61-2-79.
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Mathematical modeling of apple pectin oxidative transformations (AP) under the action of the ozone-oxygen mixture in aqueous solutions (the reaction system "AP + O3 + O2 + H2O") has been carried out. The kinetic scheme of the oxidation process was compiled basing on the well-known ideas of liquid-phase oxidation mechanisms of organic compounds (taking into account the currently known experimental results on AP oxidation). Using the "KhimKinOptima" software package for the proposed scheme, the inverse and direct chemical kinetics problems were solved. The well-known literature data on the rate constants of elementary stages were used. The rate constants of the oxidation key stages have been determined after solving the chemical kinetics inverse problem with the index method of the observed and calculated kinetic data global optimization. It turned out that the rate constants of the individual stages obtained by calculation are in good agreement with the values of the rate constants taken from literary sources. The chemical kinetics direct problem has been solved with the found rate constants and allowed obtaining kinetic curves of all participants in the apple pectin ozonized oxidation. It was found that the kinetic curve of the accumulation of carboxyl groups, obtained experimentally, completely coincided with the theoretical dependence. It has been also shown that the proposed apple pectin oxidative conversion scheme in the "AP + O3 + O2 + H2O" reaction system allows one to explain all the currently available experimental results. The apple pectin ozonized oxidation under another initiator (Н2О2 + FeSO4) has been studied to confirm the kinetic scheme. To do this, 3 new stages has been introduced into the scheme proposed, characterizing the catalytic decomposition of hydrogen peroxide under a transition metal (Fe2+). By solving the chemical kinetics direct problem, the accumulation kinetic curves of the final reaction products were obtained. It has been found that the carboxyl groups accumulation kinetics in the reaction system "AP + O3 + O2 + H2O2 + FeSO4 + H2O" after the supplementary experiment coincided with the theoretical kinetic curve. Thereby, the accuracy of the apple pectin proposed oxidative conversion scheme is confirmed.
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Granado, Lérys, Stefan Kempa, Stefanie Bremmert, Laurence J. Gregoriades, Frank Brüning, Eric Anglaret, and Nicole Fréty. "Isothermal DSC study of the curing kinetics of an epoxy/silica composite for microelectronics." International Symposium on Microelectronics 2016, no. 1 (October 1, 2016): 000415–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/isom-2016-tha24.
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Abstract Curing kinetics of an industrially important printed-circuit board (PCB) base material (epoxy-phenol/glass fillers) were studied from isothermal differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) measurements between 150 and 190 °C. The extent of cure was calculated by integration of the exothermic peak and normalization by the total heat of reaction (obtained by non-isothermal DSC). The kinetic profiles show two regimes: one fast, and one slower. The completion was reached above 180 °C. The kinetic parameters have been elucidated using an isoconversional model-free kinetic method. The linearity of Arrhenius plots was satisfactory. The apparent activation energy of curing reaction has been found to increase with the degree of conversion. The elucidation of the kinetic parameters allows us to propose an accurate and predictive description of the curing kinetics of the composite until a degree of conversion of 50%. Finally, we discuss how these kinetic measurements and models can be completed and optimized.
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Mudruk, N. V., A. A. Antonov, A. I. Nikolaev, and O. V. Rybalkina. "Research on the acid decomposition kinetics of non-conventional titanium raw materials of the Arctic Zone of the Russian Federation." Arctic: Ecology and Economy 13, no. 1 (March 2023): 58–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.25283/2223-4594-2023-1-58-71.
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Acid leaching kinetics of loparite, perovskite, and titanite concentrates by hydrochloric and nitric acids has been studied. Kinetic parameters of acid leaching have been calculated and fitted to several kinetic models. Deeply kinetic study gives us the knowledge of acid leaching of titanium-containing minerals, and parameters obtained allow us to choose the optimal conditions of the mineral processing.
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Simu, Sebastian, Adriana Ledeţi, Elena-Alina Moacă, Cornelia Păcurariu, Cristina Dehelean, Dan Navolan, and Ionuţ Ledeţi. "Thermal Degradation Process of Ethinylestradiol—Kinetic Study." Processes 10, no. 8 (August 2, 2022): 1518. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr10081518.
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The present study reports the results obtained after the analysis of the thermal stability and decomposition kinetics of widely used synthetic derivative of estradiol, ethinylestradiol (EE), as a pure active pharmaceutical ingredient. As investigational tools, Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermal analysis, and decomposition kinetics modeling of EE were employed. The kinetic study was realized using three kinetic methods, namely Kissinger, Friedman, and Flynn-Wall-Ozawa. The results of the kinetic study are in good agreement, suggesting that the main decomposition process of EE that takes place in the 175–375 °C temperature range is a single-step process, invariable during the modification of heating rate of the sample.
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Stevermer, Catherine A., and Jason C. Gillette. "Kinematic and Kinetic Indicators of Sit-to-Stand." Journal of Applied Biomechanics 32, no. 1 (February 2016): 7–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jab.2014-0189.
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Variation in the timing indicators separating sit-to-stand (STS) into movement phases complicates both research comparisons and clinical applications. The purpose of this study was to use kinetic reference standards to identify accurate kinematic and kinetic indicators for STS movement analysis such that consistent indicators might be used for STS from varied initial postures. Healthy adults performed STS using 4 foot placements: foot-neutral, foot-back, right-staggered, and left-staggered. Kinetic and kinematic data were collected from force platforms and an 8-camera video system. Initiation, seat-off, vertical posture, and termination were detected with 5% start and 7.5% end thresholds for changes in kinetic and kinematic STS indicators. Timing differences between kinetic and kinematic indicator time points and the reference vertical seated reaction force end point (seatoff) were determined. Kinematic indicators were compared with selected kinetic indicators using timing differences, statistical similarity, and internal consistency measures. Our results suggest that a single force platform system measuring vertical GRF or a simple camera system to evaluate the shoulder marker position and velocity can accurately and consistently detect STS initiation, seat-off, and vertical posture. In addition, these suggested STS indicators for initiation, seat-off, and vertical posture were not dependent upon foot placement.
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Tsai, Lung Chang, Jian Ming Wei, Yung Chuan Chu, Wei Ting Chen, Fang Chang Tsai, Chi Min Shu, and Chun Ping Lin. "RDX Kinetic Model Evaluation by Nth Order Kinetic Algorithms and Model Simulations." Advanced Materials Research 189-193 (February 2011): 1413–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.189-193.1413.
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A kinetic model based on the thermal decomposition of 1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazmane (RDX) was constructed via differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), well-known kinetic equations, curve-fitting analysis, and simulations of thermal analysis. Our objective was to analyze thermokinetic parameters derived from heating rates used in DSC and compare simulations of thermal decomposition under various kinetic models. Experimental results were strongly dependent on the validity of the kinetic model, which was based on an appropriate mathematical model and a proper method for the evaluation of kinetics. Through six types of kinetic algorithms, a reasonable value of the Ea of the thermal decomposition of RDX was obtained. Finally, this study established a novel green technology for the thermal analysis of reactions and obtained information on the characteristics of thermal decomposition and reaction hazards of RDX.
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Caldwell, Graham E., Li Li, Steve D. McCole, and James M. Hagberg. "Pedal and Crank Kinetics in Uphill Cycling." Journal of Applied Biomechanics 14, no. 3 (August 1998): 245–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jab.14.3.245.
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Alterations in kinetic patterns of pedal force and crank torque due to changes in surface grade (level vs. 8% uphill) and posture (seated vs. standing) were investigated during cycling on a computerized ergometer. Kinematic data from a planar cine analysis and force data from a pedal instrumented with piezoelectric crystals were recorded from multiple trials of 8 elite cyclists. These measures were used to calculate pedal force, pedal orientation, and crank torque profiles as a function of crank angle in three conditions: seated level, seated uphill, and standing uphill. The change in surface grade from level to 8% uphill resulted in a shift in pedal angle (toe up) and a moderately higher peak crank torque, due at least in part to a reduction in the cycling cadence. However, the overall patterns of pedal and crank kinetics were similar in the two seated conditions. In contrast, the alteration in posture from sitting to standing on the hill permitted the subjects to produce different patterns of pedal and crank kinetics, characterized by significantly higher peak pedal force and crank torque that occurred much later in the downstroke. These kinetic changes were associated with modified pedal orientation (toe down) throughout the crank cycle. Further, the kinetic changes were linked to altered nonmuscular (gravitational and inertial) contributions to the applied pedal force, caused by the removal of the saddle as a base of support.
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Lavaill, Maxence, Saulo Martelli, Graham K. Kerr, and Peter Pivonka. "Statistical Quantification of the Effects of Marker Misplacement and Soft-Tissue Artifact on Shoulder Kinematics and Kinetics." Life 12, no. 6 (May 31, 2022): 819. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life12060819.
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The assessment of shoulder kinematics and kinetics are commonly undertaken biomechanically and clinically by using rigid-body models and experimental skin-marker trajectories. However, the accuracy of these trajectories is plagued by inherent skin-based marker errors due to marker misplacements (offset) and soft-tissue artifacts (STA). This paper aimed to assess the individual contribution of each of these errors to kinematic and kinetic shoulder outcomes computed using a shoulder rigid-body model. Baseline experimental data of three shoulder planar motions in a young healthy adult were collected. The baseline marker trajectories were then perturbed by simulating typically observed population-based offset and/or STA using a probabilistic Monte-Carlo approach. The perturbed trajectories were then used together with a shoulder rigid-body model to compute shoulder angles and moments and study their accuracy and variability against baseline. Each type of error was studied individually, as well as in combination. On average, shoulder kinematics varied by 3%, 6% and 7% due to offset, STA or combined errors, respectively. Shoulder kinetics varied by 11%, 27% and 28% due to offset, STA or combined errors, respectively. In conclusion, to reduce shoulder kinematic and kinetic errors, one should prioritise reducing STA as they have the largest error contribution compared to marker misplacements.
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Rossi, Stephen J., Thomas W. Buford, Douglas B. Smith, Robin Kennel, Erin E. Haff, and G. Gregory Haff. "Bilateral Comparison of Barbell Kinetics and Kinematics During a Weightlifting Competition." International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance 2, no. 2 (June 2007): 150–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2.2.150.
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Purpose:The primary purpose of this study was to simultaneously analyze both ends of the barbell with 19 weightlifters (age 18.0 ± 3.2 years, body mass 84.0 ± 14.2 kg, height 167.3 ± 8.7 cm) participating in a weightlifting competition to determine whether there were asymmetries in barbell kinematics and kinetics between the right and left sides of the barbell. The second purpose was to compare barbell-trajectory classification of the snatch and clean lifts between the right and left sides of the barbell.Methods:Barbell kinematic and kinetic data were collected and analyzed with 2 VS-120 weightlifting-analysis systems (Lipman Electronic Engineering Ltd, Ramat Hahayal, Israel). Barbell trajectories (A, B, and C) for the right and left sides were analyzed for each lift.Results:No significant difference was found in trajectory classification between sides of the barbell for either lift. The frequencies analysis revealed that type C barbell trajectories were the most prevalent in each lift. When the right and left sides of the barbell were compared during the snatch and clean, no significant differences were determined for any kinematic or kinetic variables.Conclusions:The V-scope system appears to facilitate analysis of barbell kinematics, kinetics, and trajectories during weightlifting competition regardless of which side of the barbell is analyzed.
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Provis, J. L., and J. S. J. van Deventer. "Geopolymerisation kinetics. 2. Reaction kinetic modelling." Chemical Engineering Science 62, no. 9 (May 2007): 2318–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ces.2007.01.028.
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Van Praagh, Andrew, Bo Nelson, Paul Ballieu, Melanie Smith, and Mike Rule. "Abstract 7427: Automated, real-time acquisition and quantification of peak, plateau-phase in vivo bioluminescent data." Cancer Research 84, no. 6_Supplement (March 22, 2024): 7427. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2024-7427.
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Abstract It is widely recognized that plateau-phase bioluminescent (BL) kinetic curve data should be used when reporting on BLI results from substrate-injection BLI model systems. The basis for this understanding is that plateau-phase BL data is uniquely suited in several ways: (i) it will optimize the detection of target, luciferase-expressing cells (especially when they are low in copy number or deep within the animal model), (ii) it will optimize BLI data reproducibility (with there being no change in signal values across the plateau phase), and (iii) it will also provide BLI data values that correlate consistently with the number of viable target cells in a given BLI model. Given this critical value of plateau-phase BL data, there is, nevertheless, a simple practical issue to be addressed: The overall manual process of generating BL kinetic curves, and then identifying and quantifying plateau-phase data is not insignificant—it takes time!In this poster, we review the performance of “Kinetics,” a new feature in the Aura software platform from Spectral Instruments Imaging, LLC. Kinetics is designed to collect, present, and analyze BL kinetic curve data for up to 10 mice, in a completely automated and real-time fashion. Data outputs include a live graph that simultaneously presents individual mouse, whole body ROI (Total photon/sec) values vs. time post-luciferase injection, and analogous mean BL values per mouse group. Here in, we present an evaluation of the performance of Kinetics under various testing conditions. We initially evaluated Kinetics’ ability to acquire, present and analyze the BL kinetic curves of 5 phantoms. The photon output rates of these phantoms (Total photons/sec) were programmed to mimic the rise, plateau, and fall sequence typically seen BLI studies. In an analogous fashion, we then tested Kinetics’ ability to acquire, present, and analyze the BL kinetic curves of 5 to 10 live mice from several oncology models. Furthermore, we used Kinetics in oncology efficacy studies to monitor for expected changes in BL kinetic curve shapes (i.e., for changes in the onset times and durations of the rise, plateau and fall phases in BL kinetic curves) between different treatment groups (e.g., between positive controls groups and one or more treatment groups). In the same studies, we also used Kinetics to check for changes in BL kinetic curve shapes that might occur for a given treatment group across several time points, after pathogen challenge. Results from this set of experiments consistently and clearly illustrated the capability of Kinetics to acquire, present and analyze individual and mean BL kinetic curve data for up to 10 mice at a time, in an automated and real-time fashion. We believe that Kinetics from Spectral Instruments Imaging, LLC, has the potential to revolutionize the ease with which plateau-phase, BL kinetic curve data can be collected, presented, and used in a wide range of preclinical BLI studies. Citation Format: Andrew Van Praagh, Bo Nelson, Paul Ballieu, Melanie Smith, Mike Rule. Automated, real-time acquisition and quantification of peak, plateau-phase in vivo bioluminescent data [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2024; Part 1 (Regular Abstracts); 2024 Apr 5-10; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(6_Suppl):Abstract nr 7427.
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Macedo Alfano Moura, Túlio Bernardo, and Victor Hugo Alves Okazaki. "Kinematic and kinetic variable determinants on vertical jump performance: a review." MOJ Sports Medicine 5, no. 1 (June 17, 2022): 25–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.15406/mojsm.2022.05.00113.
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The vertical jump is a task performed in various sports modalities and is considered a lower limb power test, that may provide information about the efficacy of several training programs. Although of the various types of jumps, two have been more used: the Squat Jump and the Countermovement Jump. Kinematics and kinetics variables are presented to describe the Squat Jump and Countermovement Jump, however, little is known about which variables are intrinsic in vertical jump performance. Thus, this review has two objectives: 1- Identify the kinetic and kinematic variables of jump analysis and 2- Describe the intervening variables in VJ performance. For the search, the following terms were used “Vertical Jump and Kinetic”, “Vertical Jump and Kinematic”, and “Vertical Jump and Fatigue”. The search was performed between June and July of 2019. The articles of this review were searched in two online databases: PubMed (MEDLINE) and EBSCO (EBSCO Industries Inc.). After the analysis of titles, abstracts and papers, were chosen 70 articles for this review. Although necessary in various motor skills, the maximal force does not predict the vertical jump performance. In contrast, kinetic variables related to power may interfere to performance. For kinematic analysis, the peak angular velocity seems to differentiate performance levels. Few studies defined the predictor variables of this task. Therefore, we suggest the realization of studies with predictive statistics to identify the predict variables of vertical jump and adopting other biomechanical variables, such as the continuous relative phase and temporal and force characteristics during the eccentric and concentric jump phase.
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Wentzel, M. C., G. A. Ekama, and G. v. R. Marais. "Processes and Modelling of Nitrification Denitrification Biological Excess Phosphorus Removal Systems – A Review." Water Science and Technology 25, no. 6 (March 1, 1992): 59–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1992.0114.
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This paper reviews developments in modelling the kinetics of activated sludge systems: Completely aerobic nitrification, anoxic/aerobic nitrification denitrification (ND), and anaerobic/anoxic/aerobic nitrification denitrification biological excess phosphorus removal (NDBEPR) systems. The paper highlights the progress in developing a general NDBEPR activated sludge kinetic model – development of polyP organism enhanced cultures, their kinetics, simplification of the kinetics for enhanced cultures under constant flow and load conditions, extension of the simplified model to mixed culture NDBEPR systems under constant flow and load conditions, integration of the polyP organism enhanced culture kinetics with the ND kinetics to give a general NDBEPR kinetic model for cyclic flow and load which incorporates the increased specific denitrification rates observed in NDBEPR systems compared to ND systems. Areas of research that require attention to complete the development of the general NDBEPR kinetic model are identified – denitrification by polyP organisms, calibration and verification of the model for cyclic flow and load, etc.
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CROSS, R. "The kinetic mechanism of kinesin." Trends in Biochemical Sciences 29, no. 6 (June 2004): 301–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tibs.2004.04.010.
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Abbas, Ahmed Mohammed, Suha Sahib Abd, and Takialdin Abdulhadi Himdan. "Kinetic Study of Methyl Green Dye Adsorption from Aqueous Solution by Bauxite Clay at Different Temperatures." Ibn AL- Haitham Journal For Pure and Applied Science 31, no. 1 (May 16, 2018): 58. http://dx.doi.org/10.30526/31.1.1853.
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Kinetic experiments were performed to induce of the green methyl dye adsorption from aqueous solution on the bauxite clay. This study includes determination of the adsorption capacity of bauxite clay to methyl green dye adsorption and study the effect of some parameters ( temperature , time ) on the kinetic of the adsorption process of the dye were studied. Quantity of dye adsorbed was increased when the temperature increases from 298 to 318K which indicates that methyl green adsorption processes are endothermic nature . In order to describe the kinetic data and the rate adsorption constants of the pseudo-first-order and second-order kinetics were used . The kinetics data were applied well with the second-order kinetic model. From activation energy value (Ea) for methyl green dye are energetically favorable and the dye adsorption includes physical and chemical adsorption types
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Maas, Stefan A., Tim Göcking, Robert Stojan, Claudia Voelcker-Rehage, and Dieter F. Kutz. "Synchronization of Neurophysiological and Biomechanical Data in a Real-Time Virtual Gait Analysis System (GRAIL): A Proof-of-Principle Study." Sensors 24, no. 12 (June 11, 2024): 3779. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s24123779.
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The investigation of gait and its neuronal correlates under more ecologically valid conditions as well as real-time feedback visualization is becoming increasingly important in neuro-motor rehabilitation research. The Gait Real-time Analysis Interactive Lab (GRAIL) offers advanced opportunities for gait and gait-related research by creating more naturalistic yet controlled environments through immersive virtual reality. Investigating the neuronal aspects of gait requires parallel recording of brain activity, such as through mobile electroencephalography (EEG) and/or mobile functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS), which must be synchronized with the kinetic and /or kinematic data recorded while walking. This proof-of-concept study outlines the required setup by use of the lab streaming layer (LSL) ecosystem for real-time, simultaneous data collection of two independently operating multi-channel EEG and fNIRS measurement devices and gait kinetics. In this context, a customized approach using a photodiode to synchronize the systems is described. This study demonstrates the achievable temporal accuracy of synchronous data acquisition of neurophysiological and kinematic and kinetic data collection in the GRAIL. By using event-related cerebral hemodynamic activity and visually evoked potentials during a start-to-go task and a checkerboard test, we were able to confirm that our measurement system can replicate known physiological phenomena with latencies in the millisecond range and relate neurophysiological and kinetic data to each other with sufficient accuracy.
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Sun, Jin, Xiao Feng Zhu, Xiao Bo Wang, Rui Hang Lin, and Zhen Zhong Gao. "Curing Kinetics of Phenol Formaldehyde Resin Modified with Sodium Silicate." Applied Mechanics and Materials 184-185 (June 2012): 1471–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.184-185.1471.
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The curing kinetics of PF resin modified with sodium silicate had been investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The kinetic analysis was performed at heating rates of 5, 10, 15, and 20°C/min，respectively. The kinetic parameters such as reaction order and activation energy were solved by Kissinger and Crane equation. The relationship between curing temperature and heating rate was also investigated. The activation energy and the curing reaction order，which were obtained by kinetic calculation, are 83.00kJ/mol and 0.917, respectively. The curing reaction kinetics equations were built by the obtained best curing temperature, reaction order, pre-exponential factor and reaction rate constant.
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Pustějovská, Pavlína, and Simona Jursová. "Process Engineering in Iron Production." Chemical and Process Engineering 34, no. 1 (March 1, 2013): 63–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/cpe-2013-0006.
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Abstract Balance, thermodynamic and mainly kinetic approaches using methods of process engineering enable to determine conditions under which iron technology can actually work in limiting technological states, at the lowest reachable fuel consumption (reducing factor) and the highest reachable productivity accordingly. Kinetic simulation can be also used for variant prognostic calculations. The paper deals with thermodynamics and kinetics of iron making process. It presents a kinetic model of iron oxide reduction in a low temperature area. In the experimental part it deals with testing of iron ore feedstock properties. The theoretical and practical limits determined by heat conditions, feedstock reducibility and kinetics of processes are calculated.
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Prandini, M. N., Pranoto, and S. D. Marliyana. "A comparative study of kinetics of methylene blue dye using adsorbent andisol and humic acid from lighnite by KOH-hydrothermal method." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2190, no. 1 (March 1, 2022): 012019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2190/1/012019.
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Abstract A comparative study of adsorption kinetics model of methylene blue (MB) dye using andisol and humic acid (HA) adsorbents from the isolation of lignite with KOH-Hydrothermal has been carried out. The adsorption process was measured by using a UV-Vis Spectrophotometer to determine concentration of the adsorbed MB. The adsorption kinetics was determined using the first-order Langmuir-Hinshelwood kinetic model, the first-order kinetic model of Lagergren (1898), and the pseudo-second-order kinetic model of McKay and Ho. The adsorption kinetic model of MB on andisol and HA followed second-order kinetic model of McKay and Ho, with the reaction rate constant for MB adsorption on andisol higher than the rate constant for MB adsorption on HA. The reaction rate constant for MB adsorption on andisol was 0.0532 g mg−1 minute−1 and the adsorption capacity was 18.9753 mg/gr, while the reaction rate constant for MB adsorption on andisol was 0.0241 g mg−1 minute−1 and the adsorption capacity was 19.7628 mg/gr.
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Kennedy, K. J., and R. L. Droste. "Diffusional limitations of anaerobic biofilms." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 14, no. 5 (October 1, 1987): 631–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l87-093.
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Using an empirical determination of apparent kinetic parameters in the bulk mixed liquor, the intrinsic kinetic parameters of anaerobic biofilms developed at 35 °C during start-up and steady-state downflow stationary fixed film reactor operation were estimated. The apparent kinetic parameters of anaerobic biofilms are not significantly influenced by internal diffusion limitations. The apparent kinetic parameters of mature biofilms showed no significant trends with increased biofilm thickness up to 2.6 mm and increased apparent Thiele modulus up to 3.1. Key words: anaerobic, biofilm kinetics, Thiele modulus, wastewater, filter.
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Böhm, Harald, Julie Stebbins, Alpesh Kothari, and Chakravarthy Ughandar Dussa. "Dynamic Gait Analysis in Paediatric Flatfeet: Unveiling Biomechanical Insights for Diagnosis and Treatment." Children 11, no. 5 (May 17, 2024): 604. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/children11050604.
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Background: Flatfeet in children are common, causing concern for parents due to potential symptoms. Technological advances, like 3D foot kinematic analysis, have revolutionized assessment. This review examined 3D assessments in paediatric idiopathic flexible flat feet (FFF). Methods: Searches focused on paediatric idiopathic FFF in PubMed, Web of Science, and SCOPUS. Inclusion criteria required 3D kinematic and/or kinetic analysis during posture or locomotion, excluding non-idiopathic cases, adult feet, and studies solely on pedobarography or radiographs. Results: Twenty-four studies met the criteria. Kinematic and kinetic differences between FFF and typical feet during gait were outlined, with frontal plane deviations like hindfoot eversion and forefoot supination, alongside decreased second peak vertical GRF. Dynamic foot classification surpassed static assessments, revealing varied movement patterns within FFF. Associations between gait characteristics and clinical measures like pain symptoms and quality of life were explored. Interventions varied, with orthoses reducing ankle eversion and knee and hip abductor moments during gait, while arthroereisis normalized calcaneal alignment and hindfoot eversion. Conclusions: This review synthesises research on 3D kinematics and kinetics in paediatric idiopathic FFF, offering insights for intervention strategies and further research.
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König, Matthias. "cy3sabiork: A Cytoscape app for visualizing kinetic data from SABIO-RK." F1000Research 5 (July 18, 2016): 1736. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.9211.1.
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Kinetic data of biochemical reactions are essential for the creation of kinetic models of biochemical networks. One of the main resources of such information is SABIO-RK, a curated database for kinetic data of biochemical reactions and their related information. Despite the importance for computational modelling there has been no simple solution to visualize the kinetic data from SABIO-RK. In this work, I present cy3sabiork, an app for querying and visualization of kinetic data from SABIO-RK in Cytoscape. The kinetic information is accessible via a combination of graph structure and annotations of nodes, with provided information consisting of: (I) reaction details, enzyme and organism; (II) kinetic law, formula, parameters; (III) experimental conditions; (IV) publication; (V) additional annotations. cy3sabiork creates an intuitive visualization of kinetic entries in form of a species-reaction-kinetics graph, which reflects the reaction-centered approach of SABIO-RK. Kinetic entries can be imported in SBML format from either the SABIO-RK web interface or via web service queries. The app allows for easy comparison of kinetic data, visual inspection of the elements involved in the kinetic record and simple access to the annotation information of the kinetic record. I applied cy3sabiork in the computational modelling of galactose metabolism in the human liver.
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Lapuzin, Alexander, Valery Subotovich, Yuriy Yudin, and Svetlana Naumenko. "The Method of Determining Total Losses in the Nozzle Cascades of Turbomachines." NTU "KhPI" Bulletin: Power and heat engineering processes and equipment, no. 1-2 (July 8, 2023): 11–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.20998/2078-774x.2023.01.02.
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To assess the level of aerodynamic efficiency of the nozzle cascades of steam and gas turbines, the method was suggested to determine the total loss coefficient instead of kinetic energy loss coefficient that takes into account both kinetic energy losses and kinematic losses. This method allows us to transform the original non-uniform spatial flow behind the cascade into an axisymmetric cylindrical flow. In the tested annular cascade with cylindrical meridional boundaries, the total loss coefficient is approximately 0.02 higher than the kinetic energy loss coefficient. By taking into account kinematic losses when performing thermal calculations for the turbines we eliminate the need for an unjustified correction of the kinetic energy loss coefficient of the nozzle cascade by 0.01–0.03, increasing thus the accuracy of calculations. To analyze the operation of individual sections of the nozzle cascade and to determine the relationship between kinetic energy losses and kinematic losses, it is advisable to use the averaging method proposed in 2021 that enables the transformation of the initial non-uniform spatial flow behind the cascade into an axisymmetric conical flow. The aerodynamic characteristics of this flow are the widely used kinetic energy loss factor and two averaged flow angles.
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Yao, Hui Min, Jun Yi Zhu, and Guang Qing Xia. "The Drug Loading Kinetics Mechanism of Ion Exchange Fiber as a Novel Kind of Drug Carrier Material." Advanced Materials Research 904 (March 2014): 54–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.904.54.
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The adsorption of Fenazoxine hydrochloride was investigated by performing batch kinetic sorption experiments. Experiments were carried out as function of contact time, initial concentration. Adsorption data were modeled using the pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order kinetics equations. It showed that the pseudo-second order kinetic equation can describe the adsorption kinetics best. The results indicate that ion-exchange fiber is suitable as drug carriers for loading drugs.
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Niu, Qigui, Shilong He, Yanlong Zhang, Yu Zhang, Min Yang, and Yu-You Li. "Bio-kinetics evaluation and batch modeling of the anammox mixed culture in UASB and EGSB reactors: batch performance comparison and kinetic model assessment." RSC Advances 6, no. 5 (2016): 3487–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ra14648h.
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To predict the process performance and evaluate the MSAA of anammox biomass, a number of kinetic models were conducted both for UASB-anammox biomass and EGSB-anammox. All of the kinetics simulation resluts were compared to assess the kinetic models.
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Usman, Muhammad R., David L. Cresswell, and Arthur A. Garforth. "Dehydrogenation of Methylcyclohexane: Parametric Sensitivity of the Power Law Kinetics." ISRN Chemical Engineering 2013 (August 1, 2013): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/152893.
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For heterogeneous catalytic reactions, the empirical power law model is a valuable tool that explains variation in the kinetic behavior with changes in operating conditions, and therefore aids in the development of an appropriate and robust kinetic model. In the present work, experiments are performed on 1.0 wt% Pt/Al2O3 catalyst over a wide range of experimental conditions and parametric sensitivity of the power law model to the kinetics of the dehydrogenation of methylcyclohexane is studied. Power law parameters such as order of the reaction, activation energy, and kinetic rate constants are found dependent upon the operating conditions. With H2 in the feed, both apparent order of the reaction and apparent activation energy generally increase with an increase in pressure. The results suggest a kinetic model, which involves nonlinear dependence of rate on the partial pressure of hydrogen and adsorption kinetics of toluene or some intermediate.
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Fouad, Mohamed R., Ahmed F. El-Aswad, and Maher I. Aly. "Mathematical models of the adsorption-desorption kinetics of fenitrothion in clay soil and sandy clay loam soil." Current Chemistry Letters 13, no. 4 (2024): 641–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.5267/j.ccl.2024.6.002.
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Batch adsorption and desorption kinetic experiments of fenitrothion on clay soil and sandy clay loam soil indicated that the equilibration time was approximately 30 hours. The kinetics of adsorption and desorption exhibited two distinct stages: a rapid process in the initial stages followed by a slow process. The pseudo-first-order model followed by the Elovich kinetic model fit the experimental adsorption and desorption data quite well, with high values of R2 and low values of ∆qe% and SSE. Accordingly, the pseudo-first-order model is most suitable for describing the adsorption and desorption kinetics of fenitrothion on clay soil and sandy clay soil. Pseudo-second-order model type-1 and type-2 models fit the experimental adsorption data; however, these models cannot be used to describe desorption kinetics. Moreover, the modified Freundlich model has limited applicability, and the intraparticle diffusion kinetic model cannot describe the kinetics of the adsorption and desorption of fenitrothion on clay and sandy clay loam soils.
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Smith, Andrew W. "A Biomechanical Analysis of Amputee Athlete Gait." International Journal of Sport Biomechanics 6, no. 3 (August 1990): 262–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijsb.6.3.262.
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The aims of the present study were to quantify lower limb kinetics and kinematics during walking and slow jogging of below-knee amputee athletes and to demonstrate the usefulness of the additional information provided by kinetic analyses as compared to that of kinematic assessments alone. Kinematic and force platform data from three amputee subjects were collected while the subjects walked and jogged in the laboratory. Results indicated that neither prosthesis (SACH and an energy-storing carbon fiber or ESCF) emulated the kinetics or the kinematics of so-called normal gait during walking. While the knee joint on the prosthetic side clearly tended to be biased toward extension during stance, the knee flexors were dominant and acted concentrically during this phase of the gait cycle. An examination of prosthetic limb hip and knee joint kinetics at both cadences revealed the functional role played by the hamstrings early in stance. The results indicated that with increasing cadence, less variability, measured by coefficients of variation, was evident in the kinematic data while the opposite was true for the kinetics.