Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Kinetic'
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Wagle, John. "Kinetic and Kinematic Characteristics of Accentuated Eccentric Loading." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2019. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/3484.
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The current investigation was an examination of the kinetic and kinematic characteristics of the back squat using accentuated eccentric loading (AEL) and cluster set programming strategies. Trained male subjects (age = 26.1 ± 4.1 years, height = 183.5 ± 4.3 cm, body mass = 92.5 ± 10.5 kg, back squat to body mass ratio = 1.8 ± 0.3) volunteered to complete four different load condition sessions involving traditionally loaded straight sets (TL), traditionally loaded cluster sets (TLC), AEL cluster sets (AEC), and AEL straight sets where only the first repetition of each set used eccentric overload (AEL1). The use of AEL increased eccentric work (WECC) and eccentric rate of force development (RFDECC) but did not result in the expected potentiation of subsequent concentric output. Interrepetition rest, however, appears to have the largest influence on concentric peak power (PP), rate of force development (RFDCON), and average velocity (MV). Additionally, the current study was an investigation of the efficacy of novel methods of ultrasonography technique that can be applied to monitoring training response. Compared to lying measures of the vastus lateralis (VL), standing ultrasonography measures of muscle thickness (MT), pennation angle (PA), and cross-sectional area (CSA) were more strongly and abundantly correlated with dynamic and isometric strength performance. Finally, the present study was an exploration of the genetic underpinnings of performance outcomes and muscle phenotypic characteristics. The polymorphisms of two candidate genes (ACTN3, ACE) typical of strength-power athletes were used. ACTN3 RR tended to result in greater type II fiber CSA and alter maximal strength, while ACE DD tended to influence RFD through the presence of more favorable type II-to-type I CSA ratios. Overall, the current investigation provided valuable insight into the characteristics of advanced programming tactics. Furthermore, the ultrasonography measurement and genetic aspects of the current investigation may serve as a framework to inform monitoring practice and generate hypotheses related to the training process.
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Leung, Suet-ying, and 梁雪瑩. "A study of step kinetics by kinetic Monte Carlo simulation." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2002. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31226322.
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Kösem, Süleyman. "Kinetic properties of heteromeric kinesin-2 from Caenorhabditis elegans." Diss., Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 2014. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-175343.
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Sha, Zhanxin. "Kinetic and Kinematic Properties of D-I Male Sprinters." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2014. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/2468.
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The purpose of the study was to explore and determine kinetic and kinematic variables that related to D-I male sprinters maximal running velocity performance. The current study was separated into 3 individual chapters: 1.) Kinematic analysis magnitude of acceleration for braking and propulsion phases during foot contact phase at maximal speed sprinting; 2.) Using kinetic isometric mid-thigh pull variables to predict D-I male sprinters’ 60m performance; 3.) Relationship of whole and lower body angular momentum cancellation during terminal swing phase to sprint performance.
Methods: for sprint measurement all the athletes were participated 2 trials of 100% effort running through 60 meters. The sprint time was measured by an electronic timing gate system. The electronic timing gate system was placed at every 10 meter intervals from the start line for 60 m. Six cameras were placed between 50 m and 60 m for kinematic data collection and analysis. Volume captured by the cameras is 7.5 m long, 1.2 m wide, and 1.95 m high. Reflective markers were attached on the body landmarks based on Vicon Nexus full body plugin model. The strength assessments were performed in a customized power rack, and kinetic values were collected via a dual force plate setup (2 separate 91 cm x 45.5 cm force plates, Roughdeck HP, Rice Lake, WI). The position for each isometric pull was established before each trial using goniometry, with each bar height corresponding to a 125±5º knee angle and a near-vertical trunk position.
Results: current study partially support previous assumption that fast sprinters can minimize braking phase during foot contact phase when they are running maximal velocity. However, those minimizing effects did not impact maximal running velocity performance. Second, the study showed that fast sprinters can produce greater force during a short period of time than slower sprinters. Moreover, a certain trend of statistical significance was observed from the third study that angular momentum cancellation between lower bodies at frontal plane may be related to maximal running velocity performance.
Discussion: the current study confirmed that fast sprinters can produce greater force in a short period time. However, the current study did not show statistical significance of angular momenta cancellation and sprint performance. Only a level of trend was observed. Thus, further study should examine sprinters with different training background, especially elite level sprinters is definitely needed.
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Musolino, Stefania Francesca. "Organocatalytic kinetic and dynamic kinetic resolutions of alcohols." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/17058.
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Niyogi, Sourabh A. "Kinetic occlusion." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/37545.
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Thesis (Elec. E.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 1995.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 58-66).
by Sourabh Arun Niyogi.
Elec.E.
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Chockalingam, Nachiappan. "Kinetic and kinematic analysis of scoliosis and its biomechanical consequences." Thesis, Staffordshire University, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.413537.
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Frame, Jeffrey W. "Kinetic and kinematic effects of altering cleat placement during cycling." Virtual Press, 2005. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1314325.
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One of the most important aspects of high performance cycling is the best fit between rider and bike. Developing a proper bike fit requires conducting many biomechanical assessments due to the need to match a myriad of bike geometries and human anthropometric variables. One of the primary bike-rider system measurement parameters for power and pedal efficiencies is the cleat placement and alignment. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of moving the cleats towards the heel on peak power outputs and pedal efficiencies using a Computrainer (CT) and 2D video analysis. Ten competitive male cyclists participated in the study consisting of tests for peak power (PP) outputs and pedaling efficiencies among two positions of cleats; toe (TP) and heel (HP). No significant differences in peak power outputs were reported between TP and HP (p = .827). Significant differences (p = .027) did exist, however between each condition within the SpinScan (SS) pedal efficiency test. Results from the 2-D video analysis indicate that there exists a difference in ankling patterns between the TP and HP during the first 50 percent of the power phase and the last 50 percent of the recovery phase of the pedal stroke (p = .000 and .001 respectively Based on the results of this study, further research into the longitudinal effects of training in this area are warranted.School of Physical Education, Sport, and Exercise Science
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Bailey, Chris A., Kimitake Sato, Brian Johnson, William A. Sands, Angus Burnett, and Michael H. Stone. "Kinetic and Kinematic Asymmetries during Unloaded and Loaded Static Jumps." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2013. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/4557.
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Lust, Kathleen R. "The effects of a six week open kinetic chain/closed kinetic chain and open kinetic chain/closed kinetic chain/core stability strengthening program in baseball." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2007. https://eidr.wvu.edu/etd/documentdata.eTD?documentid=5173.
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Harry, Sean Clark. "Responsive kinetic systems." Cincinnati, Ohio : University of Cincinnati, 2006. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?acc%5Fnum=ucin1148315228.
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Thesis (Master of Architecture.)--University of Cincinnati, 2006.Title from electronic thesis title page (viewed Oct. 10, 2006). Includes abstract. Keywords: Responsive; Kinetic; Systems; Trace; Motion; Animate. Includes bibliographical references.
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Arant, Charles. "Kinetic Problem Solving." Scholar Commons, 2017. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/6997.
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Government leaders stand to benefit from improved program management capabilities within their organizations. Often, they are faced with crisis situations that require a rapid-fire, precise, effective problem solving process. Some of these programs are more severe or complex than others. With time and certainty of the solution as constraints, efficient program management supporting the Defense Acquisition Life Cycle remains an enigma for organizations at best and a hazard at worst.
Program management dealing with crisis problem solving, which is characterized by critical events and high cost, is a real-time process where requirements are identified and resolved to achieve a desired goal, with the path to the goal blocked by known or unknown obstacles. Program management that deals with crisis problem solving situations are plagued by several issues. The crisis situation is likely one not previously encountered; therefore, solutions from past experiences cannot be drawn upon to solve the problem (Heichal, 1992). An individual not experienced or trained often feels the situation is too complex, information is incomplete, time is short, and failure consequences are extreme (Hockey, 1986). Managers who face these dilemmas must have responsive, failure-proof processes in place.
This dissertation explores program management as it deals with problem solving processes in time-critical contexts, including task consolidation and resource selection, with the critical objective of improving crisis event management. The intent is to focus on processes that can be improved in crisis problem solving, specifically time needed to execute current problem solving processes, and introduce a kinetic problem solving approach to increase the momentum of implementing the solutions during crisis situations. This flexibility is facilitated by the researcher’s genuine desire to improve the organizational situation (rather than merely study it) and a client’s willingness to share the details of how they will use the technology and lessons learned.
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Parkin, Richard M. "Kinetic resolution strategies." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.343475.
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De, Sousa J. A. A. "Kinetic resolution strategies." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1992. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:46173430-d8b1-44f3-a273-580f9bd1b6bd.
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This thesis is concerned with the use of kinetic resolution strategies for the preparation of enantiomerically pure materials. Chapter 1 introduces kinetic resolution. The limitations of conventional kinetic resolutions are described and the methods used to overcome these limitations are discussed. Chapter 2 presents a double kinetic resolution strategy where the recovered reactant from the first kinetic resolution is used as starting material in a second kinetic resolution. In the second kinetic resolution the major enantiomer present in the starting material is the faster reacting enantiomer. Application of this double kinetic resolution strategy to the Sharpless epoxidation is shown to enable enhanced product enantiomeric excesses to be obtained. Chapter 3 presents an alternative double kinetic resolution strategy where the product from the first kinetic resolution is used as starting material in a second kinetic resolution. In the second kinetic resolution the major enantiomer present in the starting material is the faster reacting enantiomer. Application of this double kinetic resolution strategy using lipase mediated esterification and hydrolysis reactions is shown to enable enhanced product yields to be obtained. Chapter 4 describes the preparation of an enantiomerically pure 2-substituted monoprotected propan-1,3-diol derivative via combination of an asymmetric synthesis and a kinetic resolution. Chapter 5 describes the preparation of the pheromone sulcatol in enantiomerically pure form via combination of an asymmetric synthesis and a kinetic resolution. Chapter 6 presents an investigation into the structure of lithium(α-methylbenzyl)- benzyl amide. Chapter 7 describes an attempted dynamic kinetic resolution of 2-substituted monoprotected propan-1,3-diol derivatives. Chapter 8 describes an attempted preparation of the iron crotonyl complex E-[(η5-C5H5)Fe(CO)(PPh3)(COCH=CHCH3)] in enantiomerically pure form via enzymic kinetic resolution.
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Reas, Casey (Casey Edwin) 1972. "Behavioral kinetic sculpture." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/62356.
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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, School of Architecture and Planning, Program in Media Arts and Sciences, 2001."September 2001."
Includes bibliographical references (p. 129-132).
As we enter the 21st century our culture has been significantly changed by the arrival of the internet and the proliferation personal computing and digital communications. As the decades progress, we will find ourselves interacting with machines more and more frequently, but what will be the qualities of these interactions? Through integrating information processing technologies into kinetic sculpture we are able to explore new methods of interaction. The concepts and experiments presented in this thesis as behavioral kinetic sculpture are the intellectual progeny of cybernetic art as evolved over the last thirty years through the development of interactive software, behavioral robotics, artificial life, and modern sculpture. This thesis defines the concept of behavioral kinetic sculpture as a unique category of expression through providing context, terminology, and a conceptual structure for its discussion and evaluation. This is supported through discussing the author's experiments in interaction and the behavioral kinetic sculpture, Trundle.
Casey Reas.
S.M.
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HARRY, SEAN CLARK. ":RESPONSIVE KINETIC SYSTEMS:." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1148315228.
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Herskowitz, Lawrence J. "Kinetic and statistical mechanical modeling of DNA unzipping and kinesin mechanochemistry." THE UNIVERSITY OF NEW MEXICO, 2011. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3440145.
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Saxby, David John. "Three-dimensional kinetic and kinematic analyses of the Olympic snatch lift." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/28860.
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Olympic weightlifting has been subject to rigorous academic and applied sporting research for over 40 years. Biomechanists have concerned themselves with Olympic weightlifting due to the complex coordination requirements coupled with high levels of full-body muscular activity. Motivated by Enoka's (1988) research on load- and skill-related changes; we used modern three-dimensional motion capture to assess selected mechanical characteristics of the snatch lift across varied lifting intensities. Our research variables included peak moment powers about the joints of the lower extremity, bilateral shoulder symmetry, and range of anterior-posterior system centre of mass (COM) movement as barbell load was varied across 80, 85, and 90% of each lifter's maximum. The five subjects were elite-level Olympic weightlifters (mean age 23 +/- 4.18 years, mean mass 77.6 +/- 5.81 kg). Multiple dependent t-tests (one for each joint pair) with Bonferroni corrections were applied between left and right peak powers to assess symmetry in the lower extremities. No significant differences were found, t(df =14) = 0.068, 0.038, and 0.039. Significance statistics wereall > p (alpha/n) = 0.0167 about the ankle, knee, and hip joint pairs, respectively. This confirmed assumptions of previous researchers that peak moment powers in elite-level lifters were symmetrical between joint pairs of the lower extremity. Exploiting the symmetry results, we simplified further analyses by considering only the left side of the body. Repeated-measures ANOVA revealed no significant differences in average peak moment power in three dimensions about the joints of the left lower extremity across barbell intensities. In the flexion extension plane of motion, left ankle F (2, 8) = 2.594, p = 0.135, knee F (2,8) = 0.133, p = 0.878, and hip F (2, 8) = 0.420, P = 0.671). Similar results followed for motion about the y and z axes of motion. Results indicated between 80-90% of maximal barbell load, no differences existed in average peak moment powers about the joints of the lower extremity. These results confirmed the findings of Enoka (1988) and showed lifters do not accommodated heavier barbell loads through increased peak moment powers in the lower extremities.
Shoulder symmetry was assessed through graphical and numerical methods. All trials showed Pearson's correlations of r > 0.95, which indicated strong similarity between left and right shoulder trajectories. Bilateral shoulder position remained highly stable across barbell intensities, as participants did not modify shoulder symmetry across the tested intensity range. Range of anterior-posterior system COM movement showed no significant differences across barbell intensities (F (2, 4) = 0.765, P = 0.523). While the range of anterior-posterior system COM motion did not vary across barbell intensities, various motion trends were observed. The anterior-posterior range of system COM motion was quite small, but perturbations in system COM trajectory could be detrimental to subsequent lift phases as the barbell load approaches maximum.
In conclusion, peak moment powers about the joints of lower extremities did not vary significantly across snatch lifts of 80-90% maximal capacity. Thus, training programs designed to improve athletic power through the use of weightlifting movements should not exceed the 80% limit for snatch based exercises. Statistical tests revealed no significant differences between average peak moment powers between left and right joint pairs of the lower extremities. The peak moment powers during the snatch lift were not asymmetrical. Our research demonstrated elite-level weightlifters exhibiting strong linear correlation in shoulder position across the 8090% range of barbell loads. System COM showed no significant variation in anterior-posterior range of motion across barbell intensities. This research confirmed the results previously established by Enoka (1988) regarding power response to load variation.
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Hillergren, Fredrik. "Kinetic and kinematic factors influence on ice-hockey skating sprint performance." Thesis, Mittuniversitetet, Avdelningen för hälsovetenskap, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-35704.
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Skridskoåkning är en viktig färdighet för ishockeyspelare. Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka olika variabler inom kinetik och kinematik och dess association med hastighet på skridskoåkning över en kort distans. Tolv manliga elit ishockeyspelare deltog i studien. Pedar mobile system inläggssulor placerades i båda skridskorna. Deltagarna genomförde tre maximala försök där det åkte så snabbt de förmådde mellan den förlängda mållinjen och den närmsta blålinjen. Den bästa tiden av de tre försöken användes vid analysen. Kraftdata insamlades för att räkna ut medelkraft, högsta kraft, relativa medelkraft, relativa högsta kraft, impuls, kontakttid, rörelsefrekvens för skridskoskären och asymmetri mellan extremiteterna, därefter korrelerades data mot åktiden. Frekvensen på skären visade en signifikant korrelation med åktiden (r= -0,586; p<0,05). Övriga variabler visade inget samband med åktiden. Enligt denna studie så är rörelsefrekvens en viktig faktor för att ishockeyspelare ska kunna generera skridskohastighet över en kort sträcka.Godkännande datum: 2019-09-03
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Wagle, John P., Aaron J. Cunanan, Kevin M. Carroll, Matt L. Sams, Alex Wetmore, Garett E. Bingham, Christopher B. Taber, et al. "Cluster Set Loading in the Back Squat: Kinetic and Kinematic Implications." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2018. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/6284.
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This study examined the kinetic and kinematic differences between accentuated eccentric loading (AEL) and cluster sets in trained male subjects (age = 26.1 ± 4.1 years, height = 183.5 ± 4.3 cm, body mass = 92.5 ± 10.5 kg, and back squat to body mass ratio = 1.8 ± 0.3). Four load condition sessions consisted of traditionally loaded (TL) “straight sets,” TL cluster (TLC) sets, AEL cluster (AEC) sets, and AEL “straight sets” where only the first repetition had eccentric overload (AEL1). An interrepetition rest interval of 30 seconds was prescribed for both TLC and AEC. Concentric intensity for all load conditions was 80% 1 repetition maximum (1RM). Accentuated eccentric loading was applied to repetitions using weight releasers with total eccentric load equivalent to 105% of concentric 1RM. Traditionally loaded cluster had statistically greater concentric outputs than TL. Furthermore, statistically greater eccentric and concentric outputs were observed during AEC compared with TL with the exception of peak power. Statistically greater concentric characteristics were observed in TLC compared with AEL1, but statistically greater eccentric outputs were observed in AEL1. In the 2 cluster set conditions, statistically greater concentric rate of force development (RFDCON) (d = 0.470, p < 0.001) and average velocity (vavg) (d = 0.560, p < 0.001) in TLC compared with AEC were observed. However, statistically greater eccentric work (WECC) (d = 2.096, p < 0.001) and eccentric RFD (RFDECC) (d = 0.424, p < 0.001) were observed in AEC compared with TLC. Overall, eccentric overload demonstrated efficacy as a means of increasing eccentric work and RFD, but not as a means of potentiating concentric output. Finally, interrepetition rest seems to have the largest influence on concentric power output and RFD.
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Wetmore, Alexander. "Cluster Set Loading in The Back Squat: Kinetic and Kinematic Implications." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2018. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/3437.
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The purpose of this study was to investigate the kinetic and kinematic implications of cluster loading as a resistance training programming tactic. Cluster loading involves introducing rest during a set which may allow athletes to train at higher absolute intensities. Eleven trained males were recruited for this study. Subjects completed two testing sessions consisting of three sets of five back squats at 80% of their one repetition maximum. Cluster loading included 30s of inter-repetition rest. All testing was done on dualforce plates with four linear position transducers. Paired sample t-tests were used to determine differences between conditions with Cohen’s d effect sizes describing the magnitude of change between conditions. Both conditions had similar values for peak force and average force. Cluster loading had significantly higher power and velocity outputs, shorter times to peak power and velocity as well as greater maintenance of time to peak power. These results suggest cluster loading may be superior to traditional loading when maintaining power output and timepoint variables is the desired outcome of training.
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Haughton, Helen-Louise. "The use of enzymatic kinetic and dynamic kinetic resolutions in organic synthesis." Thesis, University of Bath, 2000. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.341704.
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Balshaw, Thomas G. "Acute neuromuscular, kinetic, and kinematic responses to accentuated eccentric load resistance exercise." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/17174.
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Neurological and morphological adaptations are responsible for the increases in strength that occur following the completion of resistance exercise training interventions. There are a number of benefits that can occur as a result of completing resistance exercise training interventions, these include: (i) reduced risk of developing metabolic health issues; (ii) decreased risk and incidence of falling; (iii) improved cardiovascular health; (iv) elevated mobility; (v) enhanced athletic performance; and (vi) injury prevention. Traditional resistance exercise (constant load resistance exercise (CL)) involves equally loaded eccentric and concentric phases, performed in an alternating manner. However, eccentric muscle actions have unique physiological characteristics, namely greater force production capacity and lower energy requirements, compared to concentric actions. These characteristics have led to the exploration of eccentric-focused resistance exercise for the purposes of injury prevention, rehabilitation, and enhancement of functional capacity. Accentuated eccentric load resistance exercise (AEL) is one form of eccentric-focused resistance exercise. This type of resistance exercise involves a heavier absolute external eccentric phase load than during the subsequent concentric portion of a repetition. Existing training study interventions comparing AEL to CL have demonstrated enhancements in concentric, eccentric, and isometric strength with AEL. However, no differences in strength adaptations have been reported in other AEL vs. CL training studies. Only 7 d intensified AEL training interventions have measured neuromuscular variables, providing evidence that enhanced neuromuscular adaptations may occur when AEL is compared to CL. Therefore, a lack of information is currently available regarding how AEL may differentially affect neuromuscular control when compared to CL. Furthermore, the equivocal findings regarding the efficacy of AEL make it difficult for exercise professionals to decide if they should employ AEL with their athletes or patients and during which training phase this type of resistance exercise could be implemented. Therefore, the aims of this thesis were: (i) to examine differences in acute neuromuscular, kinetic, and kinematic responses between AEL and CL during both lower-body single-joint resistance exercise and multiple-joint free weight resistance exercise; (ii) to assess acute force production and contractile characteristics following AEL and CL conditions; (iii) to investigate the influence of eccentric phase velocity (and time under tension) on acute force production and contractile characteristics following AEL and CL conditions; and (iv) to compare common drive and motor unit firing rate responses after single- and multiple-joint AEL and CL. Before investigating neuromuscular, kinetic, and kinematic responses to AEL it was deemed necessary to evaluate normalisation methods for a multiple-joint free weight resistance exercise that would permit the implementation of AEL. Therefore, the aim of the first study of the thesis was to evaluate voluntary maximal (dynamometer- and isometric squat-based) isometric and submaximal dynamic (60%, 70%, and 80% of three repetition maximum) electromyography (EMG) normalisation methods for the back squat resistance exercise. The absolute reliability (limits of agreement and coefficient of variation), relative reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient), and sensitivity of each method was assessed. Strength-trained males completed four testing sessions on separate days, the final three test days were used to evaluate the different normalisation methods. Overall, dynamic normalisation methods demonstrated better absolute reliability and sensitivity for reporting vastus lateralis and biceps femoris EMG compared to maximal isometric methods. Following the methodological study conducted in Chapter 2, the next study began to address the main aims of the thesis. The purpose of the third chapter of the thesis was to compare acute neuromuscular, kinetic, and kinematic responses between single-joint AEL and CL knee extension efforts that included two different eccentric phase velocities. Ten males who were completing recreational resistance exercise attended four experimental test day sessions where knee extension repetitions (AEL or CL) were performed at two different eccentric phase velocities (2 or 4 s). Elevated vastus lateralis eccentric neuromuscular activation was observed in both AEL conditions (p= 0.004, f= 5.73). No differences between conditions were detected for concentric neuromuscular or concentric kinematic variables during knee extension efforts. Similarly, no differences in after-intervention rate of torque development or contractile charactersitics were observed between conditions. To extend the findings of the third chapter of the thesis and provide mechanistic information regarding how AEL may differentially effect acute neuromuscular variables that have been reported to be undergo chronic adaptations, additional measures that were taken before and after the intervention described in the previous chapter were analysed. Therefore, the purpose of the fourth chapter of the thesis was to compare motor unit firing rate and common drive responses following single-joint AEL and CL knee extension efforts during a submaximal isometric knee extension trapezoid force trace effort. In addition, motor unit firing rate reliability during the before-intervention trapezoid force trace efforts was assessed. No differences in the maximum number of detected motor units were observed between conditions. A condition-time-point interaction effect (p= 0.025, f= 3.65) for firing rate in later-recruited motor units occurred, with a decrease in firing rate observed in after-intervention measures in the AEL condition that was completed with a shorter duration eccentric phase. However, no differences in common drive were detected from before- to after-intervention measures in any of the conditions. The time period toward the end of the plateau phase of before-intervention trapezoid force trace efforts displayed the greatest absolute and relative reliability and was therefore used for motor unit firing rate and common drive analysis. The purpose of the fifth chapter was to compare acute neuromuscular and kinetic responses between multiple-joint AEL and CL back squats. Strength-trained males completed two experimental test day sessions where back squat repetitions (AEL or CL) were performed. Neuromuscular and kinetic responses were measured during each condition. No differences in concentric neuromuscular or concentric kinetic variables during back squat repetitions were detected between conditions. Elevated eccentric phase neuromuscular activation was observed during the AEL compared to the CL condition in two to three of the four sets performed for the following lower-body muscles: (i) vastus lateralis (p< 0.001, f= 15.58); (ii) vastus medialis (p< 0.001, f= 10.77); (iii) biceps femoris (p= 0.003, f= 6.10); and (iv) gluteus maximus (p= 0.001, f= 7.98). There were no clear differences in terms of the neuromuscular activation contributions between muscles within AEL or CL conditions during eccentric or concentric muscle actions. Following the investigation of acute motor unit firing rate and common drive responses to lower limb single-joint AEL and CL in the fourth chapter of the thesis, the question arose as to whether or not similar responses would occur in a more complex model, such as a multiple-joint resistance exercise. Multiple-joint resistance exercise poses different neuromuscular activation, coordination, and stabilisation demands. Therefore, the purpose of the sixth chapter of the thesis was to compare acute motor unit firing rate and common drive responses following multiple-joint lower-body free weight AEL and CL.
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Dicus, Jeremy Raymond. "Kinetic and Kinematic Differences in Expected and Unexpected Drop Landing Ankle Inversion." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1163530597.
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Appelgrein, Carla. "Kinematic and kinetic gait analysis of agility dogs entering the A-frame." Thesis, Appelgrein, Carla (2019) Kinematic and kinetic gait analysis of agility dogs entering the A-frame. Masters by Research thesis, Murdoch University, 2019. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/43068/.
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Objective: Document the highest extension angle of the carpus and quantify the ground reaction forces observed during entrance of the A‐frame at three incline angles.
Methods: Kinematic gait analysis measuring carpal extension was performed on 40 dogs entering the A‐frame at 40°, 35° and 30° incline. The average of the highest carpal extension angle from each of three trials at each incline was examined for a significant effect of incline, including covariates of dog height, body weight and velocity. Kinetic gait analysis was performed on 8 dogs of similar body morphology entering the A‐frame at 40°, 35° and 30° incline. Vertical and cranio-caudal ground reaction forces were normalized and averaged from three trials at each incline and examined for a significant effect of incline, including covariates height and velocity.
Results: The highest carpal joint extension angle did not differ statistically between the three A‐frame angles of incline for the first or second limb. The covariate-adjusted mean carpal extension angle for the first limb at 40° was 64° (95% CI 60‐68). Regarding the cranio-caudal forces, the peak propulsive force and the proportion of time spent in propulsion (%) were significantly higher at 40° incline compared to 30°. There was no significant effect of incline on the vertical ground reaction forces.
Conclusion: Decreasing the A-frame incline from 40° to 30° did not reduce carpal extension angles. The failure to find a difference with narrow confidence intervals may indicate the physiologic limit of carpal extension was reached. Ascent up the A-frame at 40° requires a higher propulsive force combined with extended time spent in propulsion to maintain forward movement. Future research should examine the effect of repetitive loading with A‐frame contact on the limits of physiologic carpal extension.
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Kuzmin, Leonid. "Interfacial kinetic ski friction." Doctoral thesis, Mittuniversitetet, Institutionen för teknik och hållbar utveckling, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-11525.
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It is no doubt, that the ski glide over the snow is a very complicated object of research. However, ski glide is just a one area of many other areas of human knowledge. As a rule, the scientists and practitioners, who work in these areas, operate with some publicly expressed more or less solid hypotheses. These researchers work with one hypothesis until another and a better one comes up. Our literature studies and our own observations regarding modern skis preparations, did not give us any solid hypotheses, which are able to explain the actual form and content of this procedure. The present work is an attempt to reveal such hypotheses. Conclusion: To achieve an optimal glide on skis with the base (the ski sole) made of some high hydrophobic durable polymer, e.g. UHMWPE, PTFE; we only have to create an adequate topography (texture) on the ski running surface, adequate to the actual snow conditions.
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Caron, Gaétan. "Optimized sequential kinetic resolutions." Thesis, McGill University, 1993. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=41324.
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Sequential kinetic resolutions proceed via two or more enantioselective steps. An optimum sequential kinetic resolution has, first, equal specificity for both substrates: starting material and intermediate product. Hence, in the porcine liver esterase (PLE)-catalyzed hydrolysis of trans-1,2-diacetoxycyclohexane rac-1, a significant increase in the enantiomeric purity of the final product was observed when the rates of hydrolysis of 1-diacetate and 1-monoacetate were equalized by using a biphasic system buffer-organic solvent where the fast reacting diacetate was partially extracted to the organic phase. The resulting enantiomeric purity was increased from 58 in buffer to 94% ee in two-phase conditions where both steps are partly rate-determining. The second criterion for an optimal resolution is high enantioselectivity for both steps (E$ sb1$ and E$ sb2$) so that the maximum overall enantioselectivity, E$ sb{ rm T(max)}$, given approximately by (1 + (E$ sb1$ $ times$ E$ sb2)$) /2, is as large as possible.Enantiomers of the following C$ sb2$-symmetric compounds were also separated by sequential resolution: trans-1,2-cyclohexanediol, trans-2,3-butanediol, trans-2,4-pentanediol, trans-2,5-hexanediol and trans-1,2-cyclopentanediol.
Finally, high enantiomeric purities were measured with a methodology employing enzymes to concentrate the minor enantiomer.
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Munkondya, Ferguson Mukozoke. "Kinetic modelling of leaching." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/47583.
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Mazin, Benjamin A. Ellis Richard S. "Microwave kinetic inductance detectors /." Diss., Pasadena, Calif. : California Institute of Technology, 2005. http://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechETD:etd-10042004-120707.
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Setta, Feth-Allah. "Calcium carbonate and barium sulphate scale formation kinetics : a surface scale deposition kinetic model." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.595798.
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Scale formation is one of the major flow assurance problems in the water treatment and in the oil and gas sectors. Calcium carbonate (CaCO3) is the most common scale encountered in industry. Barium sulphate (BaSO4) scale is the most difficult to deal with as it is highly insoluble and requires chemical and/or physical treatments. Scale build up results in reduced water flow through pipes and could lead to an entire shutdown of installations leading to important financial losses. Nowadays, the main ways to treat and prevent scale formation are periodic squeeze treatments and/or the continuous injection of scale inhibitors. The use of nitrogen and phosphorous compounds, such as polyphosphino carboxylic acid (PPCA), has already been shown to significantly decrease calcium carbonate scale formation. However, the discharge of such inorganic chemicals into the environment represents a real threat and green inhibitors (such as Polymaleic acid (PMA), Poly-Aspartate (PA) and Carboxymethyl-inulin (CMI) are an altemative. A simultaneous comparison of their inhibition effects on scale precipitation and deposition has been carried out in this study. Several different scale preCipitation prediction models have been developed. However, these models are based on thermodynamics and give, at most, a scale tendency to form. Scale Deposition rate equations or prediction of scale deposition have been largely ignored. Moreover, no attempts have been made to associate precipitation data in the bulk solution with deposition data on a solid surface. If a comparison is made with corrosion prediction where a time-based rate is given (in millimetres per year), then it can be seen that a scale kinetic deposition model would be more useful for the flow assurance and the integrity management. This study present a first attempt for a calcium carbonate and barium sulphate scale deposition kinetic model giving an amount of scale (quantity as a mass or thickness) on a stainless steel surface in function of the saturation index, the temperature, the pressure and flow regime
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Zhang, Ziji. "Theoretical and computational study of coupling of soot, gas kinetics and radiation in diffusion flames using reduced mechanisms /." Digital version accessible at:, 1998. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/main.
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Morley, Joseph. "Effects of dorso-lumbar mobility on selected kinetic and kinematic variables in runners." Thesis, University of Surrey, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.483440.
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Carnegie, Evelyn Mary. "The effectiveness of demonstration in conveying kinematic and kinetic information for skill acquisition." Thesis, University of Ulster, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.338800.
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Foss, Kari D. "Kinetic and kinematic gait analysis in Doberman Pinschers with and without cervical spondylomyelopathy." The Ohio State University, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1337003842.
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Bakhtina, Marina M. "Application of chemical probes to study the kinetic mechanism of DNA polymerases." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1148915981.
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WATKINS, JOSEPH ABRA. "SPECTRAL AND KINETIC PROPERTIES OF CHLOROBIUM THIOSULFATOPHILUM CYTOCHROME C-555 (ELECTROSTATICS, REDOX KINETICS, CIRCULAR DICHROISM)." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/183975.
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The spectral and kinetic properties of Chlorobium thiosulfatophilum cytochrome c-555 have been investigated and are compared to analogous properties of procaryotic and eucaryotic c-type cytochromes. The circular dichroism spectra are similar for c-type cytochromes of a given class and effects arising from specific amino acid substitutions are determined. The oxidation-reduction state dependence of the spectra in the near-ultraviolet region is interpreted in terms of changes in hydrogen bonding and polarity of the environment of aromatic amino acid residues in close proximity to heme iron resulting from small structural changes. An electrostatic model of bimolecular rate constants is developed to adequately describe the electric field effects for accurate computation of intrinsic rate constants. Structural models of bimolecular complexes of cytochrome c and flavodoxin or cytochrome b₅, developed by other investigators, are used to constrain the dielectric coefficients of the electrostatic model. Using these constraints, the relative contributions of ionic and dipolar interactions to the intermolecular electrostatic potential energies are estimated for several c-type cytochrome reactions. The ionic contribution is adequately described by the charged residue interactions in the region of intermolecular contact, and the dipolar contribution is adequately described by the molecular dipole moment. Oxidation-reduction reactions of cytochrome c-555 with small molecule reagents suggest a mechanism of electron transfer that is similar to other c-type cytochromes. In general, electron transfer may be preceded by formation of a bimolecular collision complex or may occur during the collision. Further, the ionic strength dependence of second-order rate constants indicates that molecular electric fields significantly affect the bimolecular reaction rates. Calculated intrinsic rate constants are dependent on the difference between oxidation-reduction potentials of the reactants as predicted by Marcus outer sphere electron transfer theory. The mechanism of reduction of c-type cytochromes by flavodoxin semiquinone is similar to the mechanism of electron transfer reactions involving small molecules. Thus, principles involved in protein-small molecule reactions are also involved in protein-protein reactions.
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Bikas, Georgios. "Kinetic mechanisms for hydrocarbon ignition." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2001. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=964932857.
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Esposito, Massimiliano. "Kinetic theory for quantum nanosystems." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/211088.
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In this thesis, we investigate the emergence of kinetic processes in finite quantum systems. We first generalize the Redfield theory to describe the dynamics of a small quantum system weakly interacting with an environment of finite heat capacity. We then study in detail the spin-GORM model, a model made of a two-level system interacting with a random matrix environment. By doing this, we verify our new theory and find a critical size of the environment over which kinetic processes occur. We finally study the emergence of a diffusive transport process, on a finite tight-binding subsystem interacting with a fast environment, when the size of subsystem exceeds a critical value.Doctorat en sciences, Spécialisation chimie
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
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Drobin, Dan. "Volume kinetic development and application /." Stockholm, 2000. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2001/91-628-4611-6/.
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Johansson, David. "Kinetic modelling of autoignition phenomena." Licentiate thesis, Stockholm : Kemiteknik, Kungliga Tekniska högskolan, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-4516.
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Kwon, Dongwon. "Piezoelectric kinetic energy-harvesting ics." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/47571.
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Wireless micro-sensors can enjoy popularity in biomedical drug-delivery treatments and tire-pressure monitoring systems because they offer in-situ, real-time, non-intrusive processing capabilities. However, miniaturized platforms severely limit the energy of onboard batteries and shorten the lifespan of electronic systems. Ambient energy is an attractive alternative because the energy from light, heat, radio-frequency (RF) radiation, and motion can potentially be used to continuously replenish an exhaustible reservoir. Of these sources, solar light produces the highest power density, except when supplied from indoor lighting, under which conditions the available power decreases drastically. Harnessing thermal energy is viable, but micro-scale dimensions severely limit temperature gradients, the fundamental mechanism from which thermo piles draw power. Mobile electronic devices today radiate plenty of RF energy, but still, the available power rapidly drops with distance. Harvesting kinetic energy may not compete with solar power, but in contrast to indoor lighting, thermal, and RF sources, moderate and consistent vibration power across a vast range of applications is typical. Although operating conditions ultimately determine which kinetic energy-harvesting method is optimal, piezoelectric transducers are relatively mature and produce comparatively more power than their counterparts such as electrostatic and electromagnetic kinetic energy transducers.
The presented research objective is to develop, design, simulate, fabricate, prototype, test, and evaluate CMOS ICs that harvest ambient kinetic energy in periodic and non-periodic vibrations using a small piezoelectric transducer to continually replenish an energy-storage device like a capacitor or a rechargeable battery. Although vibrations in surrounding environment produce abundant energy over time, tiny transducers can harness only limited power from the energy sources, especially when mechanical stimulation is weak. To overcome this challenge, the presented piezoelectric harvesters eliminate the need for a rectifier which necessarily imposes threshold limits and additional losses in the system. More fundamentally, the presented harvesting circuits condition the transducer to convert more electrical energy for a given mechanical input by increasing the electromechanical damping force of the piezoelectric transducer. The overall aim is to acquire more power by widening the input range and improving the efficiency of the IC as well as the transducer. The presented technique in essence augments the energy density of micro-scale electronic systems by scavenging the ambient kinetic energy and extends their operational lifetime.
This dissertation reports the findings acquired throughout the investigation. The first chapter introduces the applications and challenges of micro-scale energy harvesting and also reviews the fundamental mechanisms and recent developments of various energy-converting transducers that can harness ambient energy in light, heat, RF radiation, and vibrations. Chapter 2 examines various existing piezoelectric harvesting circuits, which mostly adopt bridge rectifiers as their core. Chapter 3 then introduces a bridge-free piezoelectric harvester circuit that employs a switched-inductor power stage to eliminate the need for a bridge rectifier and its drawbacks. More importantly, the harvester strengthens the electrical damping force of the piezoelectric device and increases the output power of the harvester. The chapter also presents the details of the integrated-circuit (IC) implementation and the experimental results of the prototyped harvester to corroborate and clarify the bridge-free harvester operation.
One of the major discoveries from the first harvester prototype is the fact that the harvester circuit can condition the piezoelectric transducer to strengthen its electrical damping force and increase the output power of the harvester. As such, Chapter 4 discusses various energy-investment strategies that increase the electrical damping force of the transducer. The chapter presents, evaluates, and compares several switched-inductor harvester circuits against each other. Based on the investigation in Chapter 4, an energy-investing piezoelectric harvester was designed and experimentally evaluated to confirm the effectiveness of the investing scheme. Chapter 5 explains the details of the IC design and the measurement results of the prototyped energy-investing piezoelectric harvester. Finally, Chapter 6 concludes the dissertation by revisiting the challenges of miniaturized piezoelectric energy harvesters and by summarizing the fundamental contributions of the research. With the same importance as with the achievements of the investigation, the last chapter lists the technological limits that bound the performance of the proposed harvesters and briefly presents perspectives from the other side of the research boundary for future investigations of micro-scale piezoelectric energy harvesting.
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Lun, Cliff Ki Keung. "Kinetic theories of granular flow." Thesis, McGill University, 1985. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=73989.
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Roengpithya, Chayaporn. "Membrane enhanced dynamic kinetic resolution." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.438187.
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Hall, I. W. "Kinetic studies of atmospheric reactions." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.236263.
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Withey, Jonathan M. "Pentacin analogues via kinetic resolution." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.400338.
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Hartman, Scott J. S. "Hexacin analogues by kinetic resolutions." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.444931.
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Doyle, Simon. "Lumped element Kinetic Inductance Detectors." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2008. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/54728/.
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Kinetic Inductance Detectors (KIDs) provide a promising solution to the problem of producing large format arrays of ultra sensitive detectors for astronomy. Traditionally KIDs have been constructed from superconducting quarter-wavelength or half- wavelength resonator elements capacitively coupled to a coplanar feed line. Photons are detected by measuring the change in quasi-particle density caused by the splitting of Cooper pairs in the superconducting resonant element. This change in quasi-particle density alters the kinetic inductance, and hence the resonant frequency of the resonant element. This arrangement requires the quasi-particles generated by photon absorption to be concentrated at positions of high current density in the resonator. This is usually achieved through antenna coupling or quasi-particle trapping. For these detectors to work at wavelengths shorter than around 500 /zra where antenna coupling can introduce a significant loss of efficiency, a direct absorption method needs to be considered. One solution to this problem is the Lumped Element KID (LEKID), which shows no current variation along its length and can be arranged into a photon absorbing area coupled to free space and therefore requiring no antennas or quasi-particle trapping. The work throughout this thesis studies the properties of the LEKID device though simulation and experimental data and lays the foundation for developing an optimised detector using this direct absorption approach.
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Lu, Siran. "Single molecule kinetic isotope effect." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.526483.
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Hindmarsh, Kathryn. "Kinetic studies of platinum complexes." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Chemistry, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/8647.
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Since the chance discovery, in 1967, of the anti-tumour activity of cisplatin, cis-dichlorodiammineplatinum(II), research has focussed on studying the reactions of this and other related complexes in an effort to elucidate the nature of the biological activity. This thesis presents a study of the aqueous solution chemistry of some platinum(II) and platinum(IV) complexes in order to extend what is known about the simple chemistry of this biologically important class of compounds.
The chloride ion anation of diaqua (cis-[Pt(OH₂)₂(N)₂]²⁺) complexes is investigated as is the bromide ion anation of the bromoaqua (cis-[PtBr(OH₂)(N)₂]⁺) and diaqua (cis-[Pt(OH₂)₂(N)₂]²⁺) species, all in 1.0 M HC1O₄. The kinetics are studied using UV/Vis spectroscopic methods - both conventional and stopped-flow. High-pressure stopped-flow is used for selected reactions to determine the effect of pressure on the anation process. The collective data are used to calculate activation parameters from which conclusions are drawn as to the mechanism of the reaction.
The redox kinetics of the platinum(II)/platinum(IV) couple are investigated using a variety of redox agents. These data provide a basis on which to form mechanistic interpretations for both the oxidation and reduction processes. Extrapolations are made to the biological system for the reduction of anti-tumour active platinum(IV) drugs.
Platinum(IV) complexes are known to be very inert. An investigation into the base hydrolysis of platinum(IV) complexes is presented and a mechanism proposed.
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Gilliland, David. "Kinetic modelling of preservative systems." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.334622.
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