Journal articles: 'Kinetic Design'

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Gill, Laurence W., and Orlaith A. McLoughlin. "Solar Disinfection Kinetic Design Parameters for Continuous Flow Reactors." Journal of Solar Energy Engineering 129, no. 1 (November 15, 2005): 111–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2391316.

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The main UV dose-related kinetic parameters influencing solar disinfection have been investigated for the design of a continuous flow reactor suitable for a village-scale water treatment system. The sensitivities of different pathogenic microorganisms under solar light in batch processes have been compared in order to define their relative disinfection kinetics with E. coli used as a baseline organism. Dose inactivation kinetics have been calculated for small scale disinfection systems operating under different conditions such as reflector type, flow rate, process type, photocatalytic enhancement, and temperature enhancement using E. coli K-12 as a model bacterium. Solar disinfection was shown to be successful in all experiments with a slight improvement in the disinfection kinetic found when a fixed TiO2 photocatalyst was placed in the reactor. There was also evidence that the photocatalytic mechanism prevented regrowth in the post-irradiation environment. A definite synergistic solar UV∕temperature effect was noticed at a temperature of 45°C. The disinfection kinetics for E. coli in continuous flow reactors have been investigated with respect to various reflector shapes and flow regimes by carrying out a series of experiments under natural sunlight. Finally, photocatalytic and temperature enhancements to the continuous flow process have been evaluated.

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Saes, M., M. I. Mohamed Refai, B. J. F. van Beijnum, J. B. J. Bussmann, E. P. Jansma, P. H. Veltink, J. H. Buurke, et al. "Quantifying Quality of Reaching Movements Longitudinally Post-Stroke: A Systematic Review." Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair 36, no. 3 (January 31, 2022): 183–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/15459683211062890.

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Background Disambiguation of behavioral restitution from compensation is important to better understand recovery of upper limb motor control post-stroke and subsequently design better interventions. Measuring quality of movement (QoM) during standardized performance assays and functional tasks using kinematic and kinetic metrics potentially allows for this disambiguation. Objectives To identify longitudinal studies that used kinematic and/or kinetic metrics to investigate post-stroke recovery of reaching and assess whether these studies distinguish behavioral restitution from compensation. Methods A systematic literature search was conducted using the databases PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Wiley/Cochrane Library up to July 1st, 2020. Studies were identified if they performed longitudinal kinematic and/or kinetic measurements during reaching, starting within the first 6 months post-stroke. Results Thirty-two longitudinal studies were identified, which reported a total of forty-six different kinematic metrics. Although the majority investigated improvements in kinetics or kinematics to quantify recovery of QoM, none of these studies explicitly addressed the distinction between behavioral restitution and compensation. One study obtained kinematic metrics for both performance assays and a functional task. Conclusions Despite the growing number of kinematic and kinetic studies on post-stroke recovery, longitudinal studies that explicitly seek to delineate between behavioral restitution and compensation are still lacking in the literature. To rectify this situation, future studies should measure kinematics and/or kinetics during performance assays to isolate restitution and during a standardized functional task to determine the contributions of restitution and compensation.

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Bineli, Aulus, Jules Thibault, André Jardini, and Rubens Maciel Filho. "Ethanol Steam Reforming for Hydrogen Production in Microchannel Reactors: Experimental Design and Optimization." International Journal of Chemical Reactor Engineering 11, no. 1 (June 18, 2013): 9–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ijcre-2012-0002.

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Abstract In this investigation, an experimental design procedure using prior literature information has been used to guide the localization of optimal points for reaction kinetics study. Three kinetic models were identified and the Pareto domain was circumscribed for a set of three decision variables and two objective functions to find an optimal solution. From the range of Pareto-optimal solutions obtained, the kinetic model considered to be the most reliable was used to explore the optimal operating region. Finally, the experimental design points were chosen to ensure a sufficient range of operating conditions to identify the reaction kinetics.

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Romero-Franco, Natalia, María del Carmen Ortego-Mate, and Jesús Molina-Mula. "Knee Kinematics During Landing: Is It Really a Predictor of Acute Noncontact Knee Injuries in Athletes? A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis." Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine 8, no. 12 (December 1, 2020): 232596712096695. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2325967120966952.

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Background: Although knee kinematics during landing tasks has traditionally been considered to predict noncontact knee injuries, the predictive association between noncontact knee injuries and kinematic and kinetic variables remains unclear. Purpose: To systematically review the association between kinematic and kinetic variables from biomechanical evaluation during landing tasks and subsequent acute noncontact knee injuries in athletes. Study Design: Systematic review; Level of evidence, 2. Methods: Databases used for searches were MEDLINE, LILACS, IBECS, CINAHL, SPORTDiscus, SCIELO, IME, ScienceDirect, and Cochrane from database inception to May 2020. Manual reference checks, articles published online ahead of print, and citation tracking were also considered. Eligibility criteria included prospective studies evaluating frontal and sagittal plane kinematics and kinetics of landing tasks and their association with subsequent acute noncontact knee injuries in athletes. Results: A total of 13 studies met the eligibility criteria, capturing 333 acute noncontact knee injuries in 8689 participants. A meta-analysis revealed no significant effects for any kinematic and kinetic variable with regard to subsequent noncontact knee injuries. Conclusion: No kinetic or kinematic variables from landing tasks had a significant association with acute noncontact knee injuries. Therefore, the role and application of the landing assessment for predicting acute noncontact knee injuries are limited and unclear, particularly given the heterogeneity and risk of bias of studies to date.

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Betancourt, Michael. "Asemic typography in kinetic design." Semiotica 2019, no. 231 (November 26, 2019): 245–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/sem-2018-0029.

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Abstract Asemic typography offers an opportunity to consider the distinction between typography in its traditional role for graphic design and how the addition of motion changes its engagement and audience comprehension for motion graphics. These differences enable a consideration of the specific problematics created by chronological development on-screen as a formal differentiator between static and kinetic typography.

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Cardona, Manuel, Cecilia E. García Cena, Fernando Serrano, and Roque Saltaren. "ALICE: Conceptual Development of a Lower Limb Exoskeleton Robot Driven by an On-Board Musculoskeletal Simulator." Sensors 20, no. 3 (January 31, 2020): 789. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20030789.

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Objective: In this article, we present the conceptual development of a robotics platform, called ALICE (Assistive Lower Limb Controlled Exoskeleton), for kinetic and kinematic gait characterization. The ALICE platform includes a robotics wearable exoskeleton and an on-board muscle driven simulator to estimate the user’s kinetic parameters. Background: Even when the kinematics patterns of the human gait are well studied and reported in the literature, there exists a considerable intra-subject variability in the kinetics of the movements. ALICE aims to be an advanced mechanical sensor that allows us to compute real-time information of both kinetic and kinematic data, opening up a new personalized rehabilitation concept. Methodology: We developed a full muscle driven simulator in an open source environment and validated it with real gait data obtained from patients diagnosed with multiple sclerosis. After that, we designed, modeled, and controlled a 6 DoF lower limb exoskeleton with inertial measurement units and a position/velocity sensor in each actuator. Significance: This novel concept aims to become a tool for improving the diagnosis of pathological gait and to design personalized robotics rehabilitation therapies. Conclusion: ALICE is the first robotics platform automatically adapted to the kinetic and kinematic gait parameters of each patient.

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Szpak, Joseph P., Donald R. Woods, and Kyle Bouchard. "Critique of Jar Testing for the Design of Coagulation-Flocculation Systems." Water Quality Research Journal 31, no. 1 (February 1, 1996): 51–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wqrj.1996.004.

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Abstract The effects of clay type and concentration, jar shape, paddle shape, rapid mix time and flocculation velocity gradient on batch, bench-scale jar tests of turbidity were studied using a fractional factorial design. The two-parameter kinetic model for flocculation of Agraman, Kaufman and Bratby was used. This model provided a good fit of the data when they were log-transformed. The variables that had a statistically significant effect on the kinetics constants for floc agglomeration and breakup were the interaction of clay concentration and flocculation velocity gradient, plus clay type combined with rapid-mix time. The jar shape and the paddle shapes did not have significant effects. The kinetic constants measured in this analysis agreed with those reported previously by Agraman and Kaufman. The work assumes that turbidity is an acceptable measure of the number concentration. The results confirm the usefulness of the kinetic model and emphasize the importance of testing the goodness-of-fit of the model before analyzing the data.

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Huang, Yuanzhi, Steven G. Gilmour, Kalliopi Mylona, and Peter Goos. "Optimal Design of Experiments for Hybrid Nonlinear Models, with Applications to Extended Michaelis–Menten Kinetics." Journal of Agricultural, Biological and Environmental Statistics 25, no. 4 (July 15, 2020): 601–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13253-020-00405-3.

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Abstract Biochemical mechanism studies often assume statistical models derived from Michaelis–Menten kinetics, which are used to approximate initial reaction rate data given the concentration level of a single substrate. In experiments dealing with industrial applications, however, there are typically a wide range of kinetic profiles where more than one factor is controlled. We focus on optimal design of such experiments requiring the use of multifactor hybrid nonlinear models, which presents a considerable computational challenge. We examine three different candidate models and search for tailor-made D- or weighted-A-optimal designs that can ensure the efficiency of nonlinear least squares estimation. We also study a compound design criterion for discriminating between two candidate models, which we recommend for design of advanced kinetic studies. Supplementary materials accompanying this paper appear on-line

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Lee, Ming-Yih, A. G. Erdman, and Y. Gutman. "Development of Kinematic/Kinetic Performance Tools in Synthesis of Multi-DOF Mechanisms." Journal of Mechanical Design 115, no. 3 (September 1, 1993): 462–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2919213.

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Kinematic and kinetic performance are important issues in designing multi-degree-of-freedom mechanisms such as robotic manipulators. In the engineering design stage, it is especially important that the designer can grasp the characteristics of the mechanism. The aim of this study is to develop a means of representing the kinematic and kinetic performance of the mechanism in such a way that the performance characteristics are quantified analytically and visible graphically to the designer in their entirety at the conceptual design stage. Various performance indices are derived from the Jacobian matrix and its quadratic form. These performance indices are the local kinematic cross-coupling index (angle of intersection between column vectors of the Jacobian), the local directional mobility index (ratio of Jacobian’s eigenvalues), and the local efficiency index (product of Jacobian’s eigenvalues). Graphical images of these performance characteristics using eigen-ellipsoid and workspace trajectory contours are introduced. Critical performance points in mechanism workspace are identified and elaborated for design considerations. Based on the graphical representation of these performance characteristics, design rules for achieving different performance objectives can easily be implemented. This method is applicable to computer-aided design of a mechanism and predetermination of its kinematic and kinetic performance.

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Amorós, José Luis. "Towards Rational Design of Porcelain Tile Glazes." Advances in Science and Technology 92 (October 2014): 138–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ast.92.138.

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The complexity of porcelain tile glaze compositions translates into equally complex behaviour during firing in which, concurrently or in partially overlapping form, very different processes develop, such as the dissolution of crystalline phases, the crystallisation of new phases, and sintering phenomena. This complexity, and the scarcity of studies relating to the subject, make it extremely difficult to formulate such glaze compositions scientifically and efficiently. The present study analysed the physico-chemical transformations that occurred during the firing of these glazes, focusing in particular on the sintering process and its kinetics. A kinetic model was developed, first, which describes the sintering of complex glaze compositions (containing more than five components) with significant frit contents (45–70%) that devitrify crystalline phases during firing. A second, more comprehensive kinetic model was then developed, involving a formal multi-step kinetic model that encompassed even more complex glaze compositions (up to nine components), to calculate the effective viscosity of the glaze melt. This property was compared, on the one hand, with the effective viscosity obtained experimentally by hot stage microscopy (HSM) and, on the other, with that estimated theoretically from the chemical and mineralogical composition of the material, at different temperatures. The results obtained by the two methods exhibited very good agreement. The concept of effective viscosity provides a better understanding of the role played by the different glaze constituents and the firing conditions in sintering, enabling more rational design of these materials.

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Merkel, Wolf, Alexander Schwarz, Sebastian Fritz, Matthias Reuss, and Karlheinz Krauth. "New strategies for estimating kinetic parameters in anaerobic wastewater treatment plants." Water Science and Technology 34, no. 5-6 (September 1, 1996): 393–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1996.0575.

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Approaches to mathematical modelling of anaerobic digestion and criteria for reactor design in anaerobic wastewater treatment are based on biological degradation kinetics. Whatever type of kinetics is used, the crucial problem always is reliable parameter estimation. For Monod-type kinetics a concept based on batch and fed-batch techniques is presented, which allows accurate estimation of kinetic parameters Vmax and KS in short-time experiments. Following the method of Optimal Experimental Design, sensitivity analysis is applied to design fed-batch experiments. The paper presents the methodology and results for the anaerobic degradation of acetic acid and discusses further implications of the experimental strategy.

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Fang, Shanpu, Vinayak Vijayan, Megan E. Reissman, Allison L. Kinney, and Timothy Reissman. "How Do Joint Kinematics and Kinetics Change When Walking Overground with Added Mass on the Lower Body?" Sensors 22, no. 23 (November 25, 2022): 9177. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22239177.

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Lower-limb exoskeletons, regardless of their control strategies, have been shown to alter a user’s gait just by the exoskeleton’s own mass and inertia. The characterization of these differences in joint kinematics and kinetics under exoskeleton-like added mass is important for the design of such devices and their control strategies. In this study, 19 young, healthy participants walked overground at self-selected speeds with six added mass conditions and one zero-added-mass condition. The added mass conditions included +2/+4 lb on each shank or thigh or +8/+16 lb on the pelvis. OpenSim-derived lower-limb sagittal-plane kinematics and kinetics were evaluated statistically with both peak analysis and statistical parametric mapping (SPM). The results showed that adding smaller masses (+2/+8 lb) altered some kinematic and kinetic peaks but did not result in many changes across the regions of the gait cycle identified by SPM. In contrast, adding larger masses (+4/+16 lb) showed significant changes within both the peak and SPM analyses. In general, adding larger masses led to kinematic differences at the ankle and knee during early swing, and at the hip throughout the gait cycle, as well as kinetic differences at the ankle during stance. Future exoskeleton designs may implement these characterizations to inform exoskeleton hardware structure and cooperative control strategies.

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Jintanawan, Thitima, Gridsada Phanomchoeng, Surapong Suwankawin, Phatsakorn Kreepoke, Pimsalisa Chetchatree, and Chanut U-viengchai. "Design of Kinetic-Energy Harvesting Floors." Energies 13, no. 20 (October 16, 2020): 5419. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13205419.

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Alternative energy generated from people’s footsteps in a crowded area is sufficient to power smart electronic devices with low consumption. This paper aims to present the development of an energy harvesting floor—called Genpath—using a rotational electromagnetic (EM) technique to generate electricity from human footsteps. The dynamic models of the electro-mechanical systems were developed using MATLAB®/Simulink to predict the energy performances of Genpath and help fine-tune the design parameters. The system in Genpath comprises two main parts: the EM generator and the Power Management and Storage (PMS) circuit. For the EM generator, the conversion mechanism for linear translation to rotation was designed by using the rack-pinion and lead-screw mechanism. Based on the simulation analysis, the averaged energy of the lead-screw model is greater than that of the rack-pinion model. Thus, prototype-II of Genpath with 12-V-DC generator, lead-screw mechanism was recently built. It shows better performance when compared to the previous prototype-I of Genpath with 24-V-DC-generator, rack-pinion mechanism. Both prototypes have an allowable displacement of 15 mm. The Genpath prototype-II produces an average energy of up to 702 mJ (or average power of 520 mW) per footstep. The energy provided by Genpath prototype-II is increased by approximately 184% when compared to that of the prototype-I. The efficiency of the EM-generator system is ~26% based on the 2-W power generation from the heel strike of a human’s walk in one step. Then, the PMS circuit was developed to harvest energy into the batteries and to supply the other part to specific loads. The experiment showed that the designed PMS circuit has the overall efficiency of 74.72%. The benefit of the design system is for a lot of applications, such as a wireless sensor and Internet of Thing applications.

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Greenwell, Douglas, and Eva MacNamara. "Aerodynamic design of a kinetic sculpture." Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics 99, no. 9 (September 2011): 908–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jweia.2011.05.002.

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von Ballmoos, C., R. B. Gennis, P. Adelroth, and P. Brzezinski. "Kinetic design of the respiratory oxidases." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 108, no. 27 (June 20, 2011): 11057–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1104103108.

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Lipták, György, Gábor Szederkényi, and Katalin M. Hangos. "Kinetic feedback design for polynomial systems." Journal of Process Control 41 (May 2016): 56–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jprocont.2016.03.002.

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Canela, Enric I., Miguel A. Canela, and Antonio López-Cabrera. "Discrete design of enzyme kinetic experiments." International Journal of Bio-Medical Computing 25, no. 1 (February 1990): 7–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0020-7101(90)90057-2.

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Sirdeshpande, Avinash R., Marianthi G. Ierapetritou, and Ioannis P. Androulakis. "Design of flexible reduced kinetic mechanisms." AIChE Journal 47, no. 11 (November 2001): 2461–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690471110.

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Borisov, D. V., and A. V. Veselovsky. "Ligand-receptor binding kinetics in drug design." Biomeditsinskaya Khimiya 66, no. 1 (January 2020): 42–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.18097/pbmc20206601042.

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Traditionally, the thermodynamic values of affinity are considered as the main criterion for the development of new drugs. Usually, these values for drugs are measured in vitro at steady concentrations of the receptor and ligand, which are differed from in vivo environment. Recent studies have shown that the kinetics of the process of drug binding to its receptor make significant contribution in the drug effectiveness. This has increased attention in characterizing and predicting the rate constants of association and dissociation of the receptor ligand at the stage of preclinical studies of drug candidates. A drug with a long residence time can determine ligand-receptor selectivity (kinetic selectivity), maintain pharmacological activity of the drug at its low concentration in vivo. The paper discusses the theoretical basis of protein-ligand binding, molecular determinants that control the kinetics of the drug-receptor binding. Understanding the molecular features underlying the kinetics of receptor-ligand binding will contribute to the rational design of drugs with desired properties.

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Hu, Sulei, and Wei-Xue Li. "Sabatier principle of metal-support interaction for design of ultrastable metal nanocatalysts." Science 374, no. 6573 (December 10, 2021): 1360–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.abi9828.

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Rational design of stable nanocatalysts Sintering of nanoparticles is one of the main causes of their catalytic deactivation. Rational design of nanocatalysts that are stable against sintering is a grand challenge in heterogenous catalysis. Hu et al . present kinetic theories for two competing sintering mechanisms, Ostwald ripening and particle migration, which relate the rates of both processes to fundamental interaction energies in metal nanoparticle-support combinations. Using kinetic simulations for hundreds of such pairs, the authors show a universal volcano dependence of the sintering kinetics on the metal-support binding energy that can serve as a single descriptor to predict nanoparticle growth rates. The revealed scaling relations are a good start in the development of high-throughput screening computational approaches to drive discovery of sintering-resistant nanocatalysts. —YS

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Catapano, G., and L. De Bartolo. "Importance of the Kinetic Characterization of Liver Cell Metabolic Reactions to the Design of Hybrid Liver Support Devices." International Journal of Artificial Organs 19, no. 11 (November 1996): 670–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/039139889601901108.

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Hybrid liver support devices (HLSDs) developed for the treatment of fulminant hepatic failure often perform well on a laboratory scale but rapidly lose their metabolic functions, or are not therapeutically effective, on a clinical scale. This suggests that the procedures adopted so far for the design of HLSDs are susceptible to improvement. In this paper, we discuss how essential a reliable and thorough kinetic characterization of the liver cell metabolic reactions is to the design of a clinically effective membrane HLSD. The features of the bioreactors used for the kinetic characterization of liver cell reactions are presented and discussed on the basis of the multifactorial nature of such reactions. The relevance of kinetics to the design of a membrane HLSD is also discussed with respect to the effect of the kinetics of oxygen consumption on the performance of the device.

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Broche-Vázquez, Leonardo, Roberto Sagaró-Zamora, Claudia Ochoa-Díaz, Antonio Padilha-Lanari-Bó, and Félix A. Martinez-Nariño. "Kinematic and kinetic analysis of transfemoral prosthesis." Wearable Technology 3, no. 1 (June 16, 2022): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.54517/wt.v3i1.1658.

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<p>The feasibility of using transfemoral prosthesis Otto bock with 3R80 knee and articulated ankle1C30 “Trias” was analyzed from the perspective of dynamics and clinic. The kinematic and kinetic study of gait were performed on 5 amputated volunteers and 5 controls using videography techniques and force platform. Kinetic asymmetry gait is one of the main causes of hip joint degeneration. Combining kinematic and kinetic variables, we can draw important conclusions related to the dynamic imbalance of the main causes of hip degenerative diseases through the clinical trials of radiography film and density measurement, which has become an important tool to evaluate the feasibility of prosthetic design.</p>

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Guziur, Petr. "DESIGN PARAMETERS OF BUFFER STOPS." Acta Polytechnica CTU Proceedings 5 (September 15, 2016): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.14311/app.2016.5.0017.

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Paper discuses reasons of building buffer stops and situations that may occur in railway station leading to build safety tracks. Also discusses parameters of buffer stops that enter its design, such as collision speed and kinetic energy absorbing capacity. Furthermore, presents categories of<br />buffer stops depending on principles of absorbing the kinetic energy and points pros and cons of each structure.

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Lara-Ramos, José Antonio, Miguel A. Figueroa Angulo, Fiderman Machuca-Martínez, and Miguel A. Mueses. "Sensitivity Analysis of the Catalytic Ozonation under Different Kinetic Modeling Approaches in the Diclofenac Degradation." Water 13, no. 21 (October 26, 2021): 3003. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13213003.

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Optimization and sensitivity analysis of the kinetic parameters of the catalytic ozonation process is crucial to improve water treatment, reactor design, and construction. This study evaluated the optimization of the kinetic constants for Diclofenac (DCF) degradation during catalytic ozonation with Goethite (FeOOH, as a catalyst) through different kinetic modeling approaches. A central composite design was used to evaluate the effect of ozone dose and catalyst loading. The results showed that FeOOH did not significantly influence the degradation of DCF, while the reactivity of DCF with ozone was high (with >90% degradations in 20 min). However, the variation in catalyst loading significantly affected TOC removal (>10%) and ozone use, with ozone efficiency in ozone transfer (RU) 5% higher than ozonation. After evaluating the different kinetic models of reaction speed by optimizing kinetic parameters and performing sensitivity analysis for the treatment of DCF by catalytic ozonation, it can be concluded that the addition of FeOOH improved the kinetics of the decomposition of ozone and the yield in the production of hydroxyl radicals.

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Pekař, Miloslav. "Thermodynamic framework for design of reaction rate equations and schemes." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 74, no. 9 (2009): 1375–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc2009010.

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It has been shown previously that rational thermodynamics provides general foundations of mass-action kinetic law from the principles of continuum, irreversible thermodynamics. Practical outcomes of this phenomenological theory are analyzed and compared with traditional kinetic approaches on the example of N2O decomposition. It is revealed that classical rate equations are only simplified forms of a polynomial approximation to a general rate function proved by the continuum thermodynamics. It is also shown that various special considerations that have been introduced formerly as additional hypothesis to satisfactorily describe experimental data are naturally included in the thermodynamic approach. The method, in addition, makes it possible to obtain more general mass-action-type rate equations that give better description of experimental data than the traditional ones. The method even reverses the classical kinetic paradigm – reaction scheme directly follows from the rate equation. Data fitting by this method also indicates connections to distinctions between processes at the molecular level and their representation by some macroscopic reaction network. The role of dependent and independent reactions in reaction kinetics and reaction schemes is clarified. A selected example demonstrates that this thermodynamic methodology may improve our design and understanding of thermodynamically and mathematically necessary and sufficient reaction schemes. The phenomenological theory thus sheds new, “thermodynamic” light on what has been and is done by generations of kineticists and gives new hints how to do it in a way consistent with non-equilibrium thermodynamics.

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Terashima, Y., and M. Ishikawa. "The Kinetic Analysis of Bod and Nitrogen Removal in an Oxidation Ditch." Water Science and Technology 17, no. 2-3 (February 1, 1985): 291–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1985.0138.

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The simultaneous removal of nitrogen as well as organic substances is one of important characteristics of the oxidation ditch process. To describe this phenomena, synthetic kinetic models including the rates of BOD oxidation, nitrification, denitrification, DO and alkalinity changes, and sludge growth were proposed in this study. Rate equations for these mechanisms were mainly based on Monod type kinetics taking into account several limiting effects among these mechanisms. To develop the design procedure, these kinetic models were combined with the tank-in-series model having circulating and back flows. They were analyzed numerically for typical design and operating conditions. From these computer simulations, successful results to explain these complicated phenomena and several design and operating bases were obtained.

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Sumner, Bonnie, John McCamley, David J. Jacofsky, and Marc C. Jacofsky. "Comparison of Knee Kinematics and Kinetics during Stair Descent in Single- and Multi-Radius Total Knee Arthroplasty." Journal of Knee Surgery 33, no. 10 (August 7, 2019): 1020–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1692652.

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AbstractDespite continuing advances, nearly 20% of patients remain dissatisfied with their total knee arthroplasty (TKA) outcomes. Single-radius (SR) and multiradius (MR) TKA designs are two commonly used knee replacement designs based on competing theories of the flexion/extension axis of the knee. Our aim was to characterize stair descent kinematics and kinetics in SR and MR TKA subjects. We hypothesized that 1 year after TKA, patients who received SR TKA will more closely replicate the knee kinematics and kinetics of healthy age-matched controls during stair descent, than will MR TKA patients. SR subjects (n = 12), MR subjects (n = 12), and age-matched controls (n = 12) descended four stairs affixed to force platforms, while 10 infrared cameras tracked markers attached to the body to collect kinematic and kinetic data. Both patient groups had improvements in stair descent kinetics and kinematics at the 1-year postoperative time point. However, SR TKA subjects were indistinguishable statistically from age-matched controls, while MR TKA subjects retained many differences from controls. Similar to previous reports for level walking, the SR knee design performs closer to healthy controls than MR knees during stair descent. This study demonstrates that patients who receive SR TKA have more improved kinematic normalization during stair descent postoperatively than those who received an MR TKA.

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Yen, Shih-Wei, Wei-Hsin Chen, Jo-Shu Chang, Chun-Fong Eng, Salman Raza Naqvi, and Pau Loke Show. "Torrefaction Thermogravimetric Analysis and Kinetics of Sorghum Distilled Residue for Sustainable Fuel Production." Sustainability 13, no. 8 (April 11, 2021): 4246. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13084246.

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This study investigated the kinetics of isothermal torrefaction of sorghum distilled residue (SDR), the main byproduct of the sorghum liquor-making process. The samples chosen were torrefied isothermally at five different temperatures under a nitrogen atmosphere in a thermogravimetric analyzer. Afterward, two different kinetic methods, the traditional model-free approach, and a two-step parallel reaction (TPR) kinetic model, were used to obtain the torrefaction kinetics of SDR. With the acquired 92–97% fit quality, which is the degree of similarity between calculated and real torrefaction curves, the traditional method approached using the Arrhenius equation showed a poor ability on kinetics prediction, whereas the TPR kinetic model optimized by the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm showed that all the fit qualities are as high as 99%. The results suggest that PSO can simulate the actual torrefaction kinetics more accurately than the traditional kinetics approach. Moreover, the PSO method can be further employed for simulating the weight changes of reaction intermediates throughout the process. This computational method could be used as a powerful tool for industrial design and optimization in the biochar manufacturing process.

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Lin, Yen-Hui. "Kinetic Study of 4-Chlorophenol Biodegradation by Acclimated Sludge in a Packed Bed Reactor." Processes 10, no. 10 (October 19, 2022): 2130. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr10102130.

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In this study, batch experiments were conducted to evaluate the degradation of 4-CP using acclimated sludge. The Monod and Haldane models were employed to fit the specific growth rate with various initial 4-CP concentrations of 67–412 mg/L in the batch experiments. Haldane kinetics showed a better fit to experimental results than Monod kinetics. The kinetic parameters were obtained from a comparison of Monod and Haldane kinetics with batch experimental data. The values of μm and KS were found to be 0.691 d−1 and 5.62 mg/L, respectively, for Monod kinetics. In contrast, the values of μm, KS, and KI were 1.30 d−1, 8.38 mg/L, and 279.4 mg/L, respectively, for Haldane kinetics. The kinetic parameters in Haldane kinetics were used as input parameters for the kinetic model system of the packed bed reactor (PBR). The continuous flow PBR was conducted to validate the kinetic model system. The model-simulated results agreed well with experimental data in the PBR performance operation. At the steady-state stage, the removal efficiency of 4-CP was 70.8–96.1%, while the hydraulic retention time (HRT) was 2.5 to 12.4 h. The corresponding removal of 4-CP was assessed to be 94.6 and 96.1% when the inlet 4-CP loading rate was increased from 0.11 to 0.51 kg/m3-d. The approaches of kinetic models and experiments presented in this study can be applied to design a PBR for 4-CP treatment in wastewater from the effluents of various industries.

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Cobelli, C., and A. Ruggeri. "Optimal design of sampling schedules for studying glucose kinetics with tracers." American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism 257, no. 3 (September 1, 1989): E444—E450. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.1989.257.3.e444.

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Minimum size sampling schedules for estimating glucose kinetic parameters from an impulsive (bolus) tracer injection in normal humans and rats are presented. Glucose kinetics are described by a two-compartment linear model, and reference values of the parameters are estimated from a data base with many samples. The optimal sampling schedule (OSS) is determined in each individual by using a D-optimal criterion and consists of four samples. A population optimal sampling schedule (POSS) applicable to all the individuals of a given population is then determined, and its reliability and efficiency in recovering kinetic parameters (e.g., rate constants, plasma clearance rate, and mean residence time) is assessed. The influence of model and measurement error on OSS is discussed. Moreover, the adoption of an enhanced POSS (EPOSS, 8 samples) is shown to improve accuracy and precision of parameter estimates in a predictable manner. Finally some suggestions are given for obtaining more information from turnover studies using a constant infusion of tracer, with or without a priming pulse of tracer.

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Zhang, Xinwei, Jin Wang, Yu Liu, Guodong Lu, and Xusheng Zhang. "Kinetic Sculpture Design Using the Dynamic Cage." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1519 (April 2020): 012013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1519/1/012013.

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Hamraoui, Mohamed, Moussa Balde, and Noel Assala. "Observability and observer design for kinetic networks." International Journal of Engineering Systems Modelling and Simulation 1, no. 2/3 (2009): 79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijesms.2009.027568.

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Zobrist, N., M. Daal, J. Y. Corbin, B. Sadoulet, and B. Mazin. "Disk Resonator Design for Kinetic Inductance Detectors." Journal of Low Temperature Physics 194, no. 5-6 (December 17, 2018): 394–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10909-018-02125-y.

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Visan, Aura, J. Ruud van Ommen, Michiel T. Kreutzer, and Rob G. H. Lammertink. "Photocatalytic Reactor Design: Guidelines for Kinetic Investigation." Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 58, no. 14 (March 20, 2019): 5349–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.iecr.9b00381.

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Jayathissa, P., S. Caranovic, J. Hofer, Z. Nagy, and A. Schlueter. "Performative design environment for kinetic photovoltaic architecture." Automation in Construction 93 (September 2018): 339–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.autcon.2018.05.013.

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Lipták, György, János Rudan, Katalin M. Hangos, and Gábor Szederkényi. "Stabilizing kinetic feedback design using semidefinite programming." IFAC-PapersOnLine 49, no. 24 (2016): 12–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ifacol.2016.10.744.

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Kholis, Nur, Yudha Pratama, Hamza Tokomadoran, and Vio Galuh Puspita. "Perancangan Kursi Roda Ergonomis Untuk Penunjang Disabilitas." Jurnal Teknologi dan Manajemen Industri Terapan 1, no. 4 (December 26, 2022): 267–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.55826/tmit.v1iiv.29.

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ABSTRAK Pembuatan rancangan kursi roda sangat dibutuhkan oleh para penyandang disabilitas atau disabel kinetik (aspek medis membutuhkan kursi roda). Kursi roda pada umumnya hanya dengan penggerak dan dijalankan secara manual menggunakan tangan atau didorong, dengan demikian ketika tidak ada yang mendorong, pengguna harus memutar roda kursi agar kursi roda dapat bergerak. Posisi ini tidak nyaman dan aman karena dapat membahayakan pengguna kursi roda. Metode yang dilakukan dengan menggunakanMetode EFD.Kami merancang kursi roda yang ramah kepada disabilitas dan disabel kinetik, dilengkapi dengan penyangga kaki yang lebih nyaman dengan sistem pengereman, sehingga para pengguna kursi roda nyaman dan aman. Kursi roda ini juga di desain dengan perhitungan ergonomis. Kata kunci: Disabel kinetic,perancangan kursi roda,ergonomic,HOQ ABSTRACT Designing a wheelchair is really needed by people with disabilities or kinetic disabilities (the medical aspect requires a wheelchair). Wheelchairs are generally driven only and are operated manually by hand or pushed, thus when no one is pushing, the user must turn the wheelchair wheels so that the wheelchair can move. This position isuncomfortable and safe because it can endanger wheelchair users. We design wheelchairs that are friendly to disability and kinetic disabilities, equipped with leg supports that are more comfortable with a braking system, so that wheelchair users are comfortable and safe. This wheelchair is also designed with ergonomic calculations. Keywords: kinetic disability, wheelchair design,Ergonomic.HOQ

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Ghobadi Nejad, Zahra, Soheila Yaghmaei, Nazanin Moghadam, and Bahareh Sadeghein. "Some Investigations on Protease Enzyme Production Kinetics UsingBacillus licheniformisBBRC 100053 and Effects of Inhibitors on Protease Activity." International Journal of Chemical Engineering 2014 (2014): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/394860.

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Due to great commercial application of protease, it is necessary to study kinetic characterization of this enzyme in order to improve design of enzymatic reactors. In this study, mathematical modeling of protease enzyme production kinetics which is derived fromBacillus licheniformisBBRC 100053 was studied (at 37°C, pH 10 after 73 h in stationary phase, and 150 rpm). The aim of the present paper was to determine the best kinetic model and kinetic parameters for production of protease and calculatingKi(inhibition constant) of different inhibitors to find the most effective one. The kinetic parametersKm(Michaelis-Menten constant) andVm(maximum rate) were calculated 0.626 mM and 0.0523 mM/min. According to the experimental results, using DFP (diisopropyl fluorophosphate) and PMSF (phenylmethanesulfonyl fluoride) as inhibitors almost 50% of the enzyme activity could be inhibited when their concentrations were 0.525 and 0.541 mM, respectively.Kifor DFP and PMSF were 0.46 and 0.56 mM, respectively. Kinetic analysis showed that the Lineweaver-Burk model was the best fitting model for protease production kinetics DFP was more effective than PMSF and both of them should be covered in the group of noncompetitive inhibitors.

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Jackson, Jessica A., Vanessa Linero, Nathan P. Bessen, Kenneth L. Nash, and Jenifer C. Shafer. "Leveraging slow DOTA f-element complexation kinetics to enable separations by kinetic design." Separation and Purification Technology 274 (November 2021): 118919. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2021.118919.

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Horng, Richard, Shin Ku Lee, Mei Lee Hwang, and Hsin Ying Tsai. "Reaction Performance of Propylene Carbonate Manufacturing by Using a Green Synthetic Route." Advanced Materials Research 1051 (October 2014): 289–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1051.289.

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The CO2 fixation reaction performance was carried out by using propylene oxide (PO) as reactant and medium and ionic liquid as catalyst. Through variation of reaction temperature, pressure and catalyst ratio and amount, it was found that the reaction was under kinetic control, for pressure ranging from 15 to 50 atm, rather than mass transfer control. From the kinetic data, it shows a pseudo first order kinetics with respect to PO concentration under constant CO2 pressure. The corresponding activation energy was calculated to be 9.152 kcal/mol. The reaction kinetics was independent of catalyst ratio and amount, yet the optimal catalyst ratio of [Bmim]Br/ZnCl2 is 2 for the fixation reaction. It is also a high conversion reaction, 96.0% (PO), with easier product separation, and as applied to industry for CO2 reduction process, its kinetic information would be very useful for future industrial scale reactor design.

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Ridwan, Abrar, Nasruddin, Awaludin Martin, and Arfie I. Firmansyah. "DESIGN, MANUFACTURING AND TESTING KINETIC ADSORPTION TEST RIG." Photon: Jurnal Sain dan Kesehatan 2, no. 1 (October 30, 2011): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.37859/jp.v2i1.119.

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Adsorption on a solid adsorbent is the fundamental processes in the field of separation processes, purification of gases, adsorption cooling, advanced adsorption cooling, and extensive work on hydrogen storage. The understanding of the thermodynamic properties of adsorbent plus adsorbate system is important to analyze. Information concerning the relevant adsorption equilibrium and characterized of adsorbent is generally an essential requirement for the analysis and design of an adsorption separation process. For practical application, theadsorption equilibrium must be known over a broad range of operation temperatures. Also, the isotherms of pure species are fundamental information for dynamic simulation of adsorbers. The main objective of this research is to design kinetic adsorption test rig to investigate the capacity and rate of adsorption on adsorbent and adsorbate pair’s. The result of design kinetic adsorption test rig including dimensions of vapor vessel (pressure vessel) and measuring cell. The volume of vapour vessel is 1000 ml and measuring cell is 100 ml. Kinetic adsorption test rig was manufactured to investigate capacity and rate of adsorption up to 40 bar.

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Hassaan, Muhammad Amber, Donald D. Nguyen, and Keshav K. Pingali. "Kinetic Dependence Graphs." ACM SIGPLAN Notices 50, no. 4 (May 12, 2015): 457–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2775054.2694363.

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Sircar, S., and A. L. Myers. "Gas Adsorption Operations: Equilibrium, Kinetics, Column Dynamics and Design." Adsorption Science & Technology 2, no. 2 (June 1985): 69–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026361748500200202.

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Separation and purification of gaseous mixtures by adsorption has become a valuable tool in the chemical industry. Gas adsorption operations require information on both equilibrium and kinetics. Analytical equations are available to describe the adsorption of pure gases; mixture equilibria can be predicted by thermodynamic methods. Kinetic data suitable for column design can be expressed in terms of overall mass transfer coefficients. Design of columns for thermal swing adsorption (TSA) or pressure swing adsorption (PSA) processes requires the simultaneous solution of the partial differential equations for the material, energy and momentum balances describing the dynamics of adsorption in columns. Numerical solutions are usually required, but some useful analytical solutions are available for special cases.

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Komasi, Milad, Shohreh Fatemi, and Seyed Hesam Mousavi. "Kinetic Modelling of Propane Dehydrogenation over a Pt–Sn/hierarchical SAPO-34 Zeolite Catalyst, Including Catalyst Deactivation." Progress in Reaction Kinetics and Mechanism 42, no. 4 (December 2017): 344–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.3184/146867817x14954764850397.

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Pt–Sn/hierarchical SAPO-34 was synthesised and kinetically modelled as an efficient and selective catalyst for propylene production through propane dehydrogenation. The kinetics of the reaction network were studied in an integral fixed-bed reactor at three temperatures of 550, 600 and 650 °C and weight hourly space velocities of 4 and 8 h−1 with a feed containing hydrogen and propane with relative molar ratios of 0.2, 0.5 and 0.8, at normal pressure. The experiments were performed in accordance with the full factorial experimental design. The kinetic models were constructed on the basis of different mechanisms and various deactivation models. The kinetics and deactivation parameters were simultaneously predicted and optimised using genetic algorithm optimisation. It was further proven that the Langmuir–Hinshelwood model can well predict propane dehydrogenation kinetics through lumping together all the possible dehydrogenation steps and also by assuming the surface reaction as the rate-determining step. A coke formation kinetic model has also shown appropriate results, confirming the experimental data by equal consideration of both monolayer and multilayer coke deposition kinetic orders and an exponential deactivation model.

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F. Mustafa, Yasser, and Nohad A. Al-Omari. "Design, Synthesis and Kinetic Study of Coumarin-Based Mutual Prodrug of 5-Fluorouracil and Dichloroacetic acid." Iraqi Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences ( P-ISSN 1683 - 3597 E-ISSN 2521 - 3512) 25, no. 1 (March 26, 2017): 6–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.31351/vol25iss1pp6-16.

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On the basis of known coumarin-based prodrug system, a novel coumarin-based mutual prodrug of 5-fluorouracil and dichloroacetic acid was designed, synthesized and evaluated as a promising oral chemotherapeutic agent basing on in vitro stability study in HCl buffer (pH 1.2) and in phosphate buffer (pH 7.4), as well as in vitro release study in human serum. The chemical structure of prodrug was confirmed by analyzing its FTIR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and MS-ESI spectra. The results of in vitro kinetic study indicated that the prodrug was significantly stable in HCl and in phosphate buffers, and was hydrolyzed in human serum followed pseudo first order kinetics. Keywords: Coumarin-based prodrug, 5-fluorouracil, Dichloroacetate, kinetics.

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Kurbatova, Marina A. "KINETIC COSTUME DESIGN AND TECHNOLOGY WITH A COMMUNICATION FUNCTION." Architecton: Proceedings of Higher Education, no. 2(70) (June 29, 2020): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.47055/1990-4126-2020-2(70)-18.

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The use of electronic components in garments of kinetic form with a communication function has been studied. Based on a review of practical experiences gained by international fashion designers, the article considers the specifics and methods of incorporating electronic components into garments, such as robotic kinetic elements, shape memory elements, and pneumatic elements.

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Wang, Jun Wen, Kan Zhang, Xi Ying Mao, Xue Hua Zhao, and Chuan Min Ding. "Intrinsic Kinetics of Coking Crude Benzene Hydrodesulfurization on a Ti Modified Co-Mo-P/γ-Al₂O₃ Catalyst." Applied Mechanics and Materials 665 (October 2014): 241–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.665.241.

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With different content of thiophene in coking crude benzene, the Orthogonal design experiments of thiophene hydrodesulfurization on a Ti modified Co-Mo-P/γ-Al2O3 catalyst were carried out in a micro-reactor under the reaction conditions of 2.3~2.7MPa,275~335°C, 0.5h-1LHSV and H2/Oil 600~750. The kinetic parameters and the intrinsic kinetics were acquired by 4-order Runge-Kutta method and the modified Simplex method. The power-law type kinetic model was established and consistent with the experiment data and highly acceptable and reliable.

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Bronnikova, S. "BASIK FOUNDATIONS OF THE FORMATION OF KINETIC ARCHITECTURE." Municipal economy of cities 3, no. 170 (June 24, 2022): 71–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.33042/2522-1809-2022-3-170-71-76.

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The article actualizes the significance of kinetic architecture not only as the creation of a dynamic visual image of the spatial form of a building or structure, but also as a transformation, the mobility of the architectural form itself – from a kinetic facade or roof to a changing layout and volume of the building as a whole, provided by the mobility of its structural elements. Moreover, dynamic architecture is understood today as a kinematic architecture, including movement, transformation of the spatial form of the building. The purpose of the article is to reveal the basic principles of the formation of kinetic architecture in the past and present in order to determine the possibilities for further development. Summarize the trends in the expression of the plastic language of the 21st century and outline their development vectors. The historical context and the main stages in the development of kinetic architecture from the innovative ideas of the futurists to the innovative projects of our time are considered. The experience of the Soviet period and foreign experience, as well as modern trends in the development of kinetic architecture are considered. Examples of architectural objects characterized specifically by innovativeness in the materials used, developments, constructive solutions, design, engineering support are structures and structures with dynamic properties. Modern scientific and technological progress in the construction industry, the growth of material opportunities, social and cultural needs of society, led to the emergence of new ideas, concepts, projects in architectural creativity. A number of aspects (essential during the period of operation of the structure) are identified, which determine the real dynamism of the architectural form, expressed in the mechanical movement of the form itself or its individual elements (form kinetics).

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Carina, Rina. "PENGGUNAAN HURUF DEKORATIF DALAM TIPOGRAFI KINETIS." Jurnal Dimensi DKV Seni Rupa dan Desain 4, no. 1 (April 1, 2019): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.25105/jdd.v4i1.4558.

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<strong>Abstract</strong><br />The Decorative Letters Application in Kinetic Typography. Typography is a design element that is very important and widely used in animation, which is known as kinetic typography, where the letters move and become the main visual element in conveying information. Decorative letters are now more diverse, some are easy to read, but many of them are difficult to read. The developing of decorative lettes will certainly affect the visual. The purpose of this study is to see the development of decorative letters<br />application in kinetic typography. This art-based research uses qualitative research method by analyze the decorative letters as design elements based on basic typographic theory. The result is a conclusion of the achievement of delivering information through the decorative letters, especially in kinetic typography and open to further study.<br />Hope that this research can enrich designer’s references in applying typography as an important and informative design element.<br /><div> </div><div> </div><strong>Abstrak</strong><br />Penggunaan Huruf Dekoratif dalam Tipografi Kinetis. Tipografi merupakan sebuah elemen desain yang sangat penting dan banyak digunakan dalam media animasi, yang dikenal dengan sebutan tipografi kinetis, di mana huruf-huruf tersebut bergerak dan menjadi elemen visual utama dalam menyampaikan sebuah informasi. Bentuk huruf dekoratif pun kini semakin beragam, ada yang mudah dibaca, namun tidak sedikit<br />yang sulit dibaca. Semakin banyaknya suguhan bentuk huruf dekoratif tentunya akan mempengaruhi desain visual yang dihasilkan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui perkembangan penggunaan huruf dekoratif pada tipografi kinetis. Penelitian berbasis seni ini menggunakan metode riset kualitatif, dengan menganalisis huruf dekoratif sebagai elemen desain berdasarkan teori dasar tipografi. Hasil dari<br />penelitian ini adalah berupa kesimpulan mengenai keberhasilan penyampaian informasi melalui huruf dekoratif, khususnya dalam karya tipografi kinetis dan terbuka untuk penelitian lebih lanjut. Melalui penelitian ini diharapkan dapat memperkaya referensi para desainer dalam menggunakan tipografi sebagai elemen desain yang penting dan<br />informatif.<br /><br />

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Guziur, Petr. "FRICTION BUFFER STOP DESIGN." Acta Polytechnica CTU Proceedings 11 (August 28, 2017): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.14311/app.2017.11.0012.

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Friction buffer stops are the favoured construction of buffer stop, mainly due to its high resistance and variety of layout. Last but not least is its manner of deceleration induced upon impact and during the braking what makes it smart solution in railway transport safety. The general approach of designing buffer stops is via usage of the kinetic energy and its conversion into work. Paper describes input parameters such as train velocity or buffer stop vicinity which is expressed by the safety coefficient implanted within the calculation. Furthermore, the paper shows the principle of calculation the friction buffer stop work, or to be more precise, the work of its braking jaws and optionally the work of additional braking jaws located behind the buffer stop. Last section of the paper is focused on the examples of designing friction buffer stops, points out the main complications and shows the charts of relation amongst braking distance, kinetic energy and braking force and the charts of relation between deceleration rate and braking distance.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Kinetic Design'

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