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Journal articles on the topic 'Kim Cascone'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 12 February 2022

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1

Mora Medina, Paula. "La ubicuidad digital en la contemporaneidad. Una reflexión sobre el arte postdigital." Revista Eviterna, no. 9 (March 21, 2021): 63–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.24310/eviternare.vi9.11157.

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Tomando como punto de partida el proceso de ubicuidad digital contemporáneo y sus consecuencias políticas, sociales y económicas; el presente trabajo propone una definición de “arte postdigital”. Ésta, más que revisar las consecuencias de dicha situación en el campo de la cultura, tiene como objetivo convertirse en espacio de análisis y reflexión ante las consecuencias sociales, políticas y económicas de la presente situación, marcada por el denominado “capitalismo de plataformas”, una propuesta de Nick Srnicek para definir un sistema capitalista fundamentado en el tráfico de datos. Con este objetivo, se expone, en primer lugar, un análisis de la construcción del término a través de figuras como Kim Cascone o Florian Cramer. A continuación, y con el objeto de seguir analizando el uso del término, se presenta un estudio de la inclusión de éste en el campo institucional de las artes, observando cómo la mayoría de las aportaciones se han acogido a las mencionadas figuras y, por tanto, a una noción de “postdigital” que analiza, únicamente, las consecuencias de la ubicuidad digital en la cultura. Por último, y con el fin de conformar nuestra propuesta de “arte postdigital”, se presenta una clasificación de las prácticas artísticas que responden a nuestra propia definición. Esta clasificación responde a tres temáticas: la materialidad de las herramientas digitales, el análisis y uso del error de las tecnologías y, por último, la identidad.
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2

Zhuang, Yibo, Fei Zhao, Jing Liang, Xu Deng, Yue Zhang, Guixia Ding, Aihua Zhang, Zhanjun Jia, and Songming Huang. "Activation of COX-2/mPGES-1/PGE2 Cascade via NLRP3 Inflammasome Contributes to Albumin-Induced Proximal Tubule Cell Injury." Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry 42, no. 2 (2017): 797–807. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000478070.

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Background/Aims: The activation of NOD-like receptor family, pyrin domain containing3 (NLRP3) inflammasome has been shown to be positively correlated with the severity of proteinuria in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), an important inflammatory mediator, is also involved in various kidney injuries. The aim of the present study was to investigate the involvement of NLRP3 inflammasome and PGE2 synthetic pathway in albumin-induced renal tubular injury. Methods: Murine proximal tubular cells (mPTCs) were treated with albumin to induce cell injury. NLRP3 siRNA and specific COX-2 inhibitor NS398 were used to define their roles in mediating albumin-induced mPTC injury or the activation of COX-2/mPGES-1/PGE2 cascade. Results: In mPCTs, inhibition of NLRP3 by a small interfering RNA (siRNA) blocked albumin-induced kidney injury molecule 1 (KIM-1) upregulation, inflammatory response, and cell apoptosis. Albumin markedly activated cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2)/ microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-1 (mPGES-1)/PGE2 pathway in this cell line, an effect largely abolished by NLRP3 silencing at both mRNA and protein levels. More interestingly, blockade of COX-2 using a specific COX-2 inhibitor NS398 markedly inhibited the upregulation of KIM-1 and inflammatory cytokines, and attenuated cell apoptosis in line with blunted PGE2 release following albumin treatment. Conclusions: The findings suggest that COX-2/mPGES-1/PGE2 axis could be activated by albumin in the proximal tubular cells via a NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated mechanism and could thus contribute to proteinuria-related renal tubular cell injury.
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3

Poletaev, Gennady, Darya Novoselova, Mikhail D. Starostenkov, Vladimir Tsellermaer, and Viktor Kovalenko. "The Study of Inhibition of Atom-Atom Collisions Cascades by Ni-Al (100) Interphase Boundary." Key Engineering Materials 685 (February 2016): 8–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.685.8.

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The interaction of atom-atom collisions cascades with Ni-Al interphase boundary was studied by the method of molecular dynamics. It was shown that the interphase boundary partially absorbs the cascade energy. The degree of energy absorption of the cascade by the interphase boundary increases with the growth of the structural imperfection of the boundary and density of the misfit dislocations, and also with increase of distance between the boundary and the place of the cascade initiation.
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4

Kupchishin, Anatoliy I., Alexander A. Kupchishin, Natalia A. Voronova, and Viktor M. Lisitsyn. "Cascade Probability Method and its Relationship with Boltzmann Equations." Key Engineering Materials 712 (September 2016): 123–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.712.123.

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The paper suggests and develops a cascade probability method (in particular, for flows of plasma particles), the essence of which is to obtain and apply cascade probability functions (CPF) to cases of different particles. CPF is the probability of particles formed at a certain depth h' reaching a certain depth h after i collisions. The work has considered the interaction of particles with matter; yielded the general solution for cascade probability method and a particular solution for the case of a collided particle not changing its direction and the flow rate not depending on time.
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Kupchishin, Anatoliy I., Nataliya A. Voronova, Tatyana A. Shmygaleva, and Alexander A. Kupchishin. "Computer Simulation of Vacancy Clusters Distribution by Depth in Molybdenum Irradiated by Alpha Particles." Key Engineering Materials 781 (September 2018): 3–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.781.3.

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Computer simulation of vacancy clusters distribution by depth in molybdenum irradiated by alpha particles within Cascade probability method has been carried out. Cascade probability functions have been calculated taking into account energy losses for alpha particles in molybdenum and depending on number of interactions and depth of particles penetration. Microhardness comparison of calculations and modified experimental data show their satisfactory fit.
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6

Liu, Chuanyu, Armin Köhl, and Detlef Stammer. "Adjoint-Based Estimation of Eddy-Induced Tracer Mixing Parameters in the Global Ocean." Journal of Physical Oceanography 42, no. 7 (July 1, 2012): 1186–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jpo-d-11-0162.1.

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Abstract Using the German Estimating the Circulation and Climate of the Ocean (GECCO) synthesis framework, four separate eddy tracer mixing coefficients are adjusted jointly with external forcing fields, such as to reduce a global misfit between the model simulations and ocean observations over a single 10-yr period and weighted by uncertainties. The suite of the adjusted eddy tracer mixing coefficients includes the vertical diffusivity kz, the along-isopycnal surface diffusivity kredi, the isopycnal layer thickness diffusivity kgm, and the along-iso-thickness advection coefficient kgmskew. Large and geographically varying adjustments are found in all four parameters, which all together lead to an additional 10% reduction of the total cost function, as compared to using only surface flux parameters. However, their relative contribution to the cost reduction varies from 1% to 50% among the four coefficients, with the adjusted kgm contributing most. Regionally, the estimated kgm ranges from less than −800 to about 2500 m2 s−1. Largest adjustments in kgm reside in the vicinity of large isopycnal slopes and support a mixing length hypothesis; they also likewise support the hypothesis of a critical layer enhancement and high potential density gradient suppression. In a few occasions, resulting negative net kgm values can be found in the core of main currents, suggesting the potential for an inverse energy cascade transfer there. Large adjustments of kredi and kgmskew are found in the vicinity of isopycnal slopes. The adjustments of kz in the tropical thermoclines suggest deficiencies of the mixed layer parameterization.
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7

Takahashi, Akiyuki, Kotoko Hirose, Naoki Soneda, and Masanori Kikuchi. "Molecular Dynamics Simulation of Displacement Cascade in α-Zr." Key Engineering Materials 306-308 (March 2006): 923–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.306-308.923.

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In this work, the point defect production in α-Zr at 600K by displacement cascade with Primary Knock-on Atom (PKA) energy up to 20KeV has been investigated by molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Especially, the influence of subcascades formation on the point defect and cluster production in 20keV cascades has been investigated in detail. The subcascade formation was seen in 36 cases of 20keV cascade simulations out of 50 cases. As the damaged areas are divided into many small areas, the maximum size of point defect cluster tends to decrease when the displacement cascade is settled. On the other hand, subcascades formation has not had an influence on the number of Frenkel pairs in final state of the 20keV cascades comparatively.
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8

Xie, Yu Dong, Yan Jun Liu, and Yong Wang. "Design of Cascade-Smith Hybrid Control Structure for Pressure Control." Key Engineering Materials 419-420 (October 2009): 797–800. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.419-420.797.

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A new hybrid-control structure for the compensation of the volume-delay negative effect in the mixed-gas pressure control is designed. The volume-delay mechanism is discussed. A Smith predictor is used in the primary loop of a cascade control system where the secondary loop has a negligible delay while the primary loop has a significant and variant delay. To deal with the sensitivity of Smith predictor to modeling error, the gas pipe model for the Smith predictor can be updated by measuring the gas pressure and choosing the model characteristics through a lookup table. The results show that the proposed control structure brings together the best merits of a cascade control and the Smith predictor structure, and it can provide a better performance than the traditional cascade control.
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9

Grempler, Martina. "Ensemblebearbeitungen in der Opera buffa an den Wiener Theatern der 1760er Jahre." Die Musikforschung 65, no. 2 (September 22, 2021): 127–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.52412/mf.2012.h2.150.

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Der Beitrag behandelt an verschiedenen Beispielen (v.a. Niccolò Piccinni "La buona figliuola", "Le contadine bizzarre" sowie "Lo sposo burlato", Antonio Sacchini "La contadina in corte", Giuseppe Scolari "La cascina") die Bearbeitungspraxis am Wiener Burg- und Kärntnertortheater zur Zeit von Kaiserin Maria Theresia. Unter der Direktion des Opernkapellmeisters Florian Leopold Gassmann, der sich auf ein besonders hochklassiges Sängerkollektiv stützen konnte, kam es dort zu einer überdurchschnittlich intensiven Revision nicht nur von Arien, sondern auch von Ensembles. Dabei zeigen sich verschiedene Möglichkeiten des Vorgehens von der Hinzufügung oder Streichung einzelner Stimmen über die Einarbeitung von neuen musikalischen Abschnitten bis hin zur vollständigen Neukomposition eines Finaltextes.
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10

Voronova, Nataliya A., Anatoliy I. Kupchishin, Alexander A. Kupchishin, Akmaral A. Kuatbayeva, and Tatyana A. Shmygaleva. "Computer Modeling of Depth Distribution of Vacancy Nanoclusters in Ion-Irradiated Materials." Key Engineering Materials 769 (April 2018): 358–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.769.358.

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In this work, the calculation algorithms of cascade and probability functions and vacancy nanoclusters concentration were developed and their calculations for various incident particles in silicon and iron were made.
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11

Wang, Xiao Qian, Shu Bin Yan, Ke Zhen Ma, Peng Fei Xu, and Wen Dong Zhang. "A Novel Noise Resistance Optical Accelerometer Based on Micro-Ring Resonant Cavity." Key Engineering Materials 562-565 (July 2013): 232–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.562-565.232.

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To meet a high-precision accelerometer resistance of temperature, humidity and other external noise, a new multi-ring cascade optical accelerometer structure is designed. The micro-ring resonator on the cantilever beam based on the photo-elastic effect and the contrast are fabricated with the same manufacturing process and size, which can effectively meet the consistency of the contrast and test micro-ring resonator on the cantilever. The one resonance point curve will split into two under the acceleration, thus the acceleration value can be obtained by detecting the wavelength of the two resonant points. By testing the cascade race-track shaped micro-ring resonator at different temperatures, the Q=104, the test requirement of cascade race-track shaped micro-ring accelerometer in different environments is greatly met. The design can be widely applied to the occasions of penetration system with high impact, strong vibration and so on. And the anti-noise and anti-jamming features of the integrated miniaturized high-sensitivity MOEMS sensors are realized.
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12

Aoki, Hitoshi, and Haruo Kobayashi. "A Typical MOSFET Modeling Procedure for RF Analog Circuit Design." Key Engineering Materials 698 (July 2016): 87–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.698.87.

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This paper presents a theoretical yet practical device targeting method to extract typical model parameters of MOSFET devices on wafer for RF analog integrated circuit design. This method employs skewing algorithms with model parameters of existing typical device which are selected by using inter-lot process electrical test parameters. Although this technique can be applied for both n-channel and p-channel MOSFETs, only n-channel devices could be prepared for our experiments in this research. To demonstrate the plausibility of this method, a cascode amplifier is designed to simulate frequency characteristic of S21 with this method.
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13

Lu, Hai Xi, Yong Ping Xu, and Shou Rong Wang. "Design of High-SNR CMOS Interface Circuit for Micro-Machined Gyroscope." Key Engineering Materials 483 (June 2011): 508–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.483.508.

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A CMOS integrated interface circuit for micro-machined gyroscope containing a novel front-end and 6th-order Sigma-delta modulator is presented in this paper. To reduce the noise coming from the sensor and circuit, the front-end is accomplished by a switched-capacitor architecture, which constructed by a high-gain fully-differential amplifier and improved by chopper-stabilization technique, and work under a designed charging and sampling logic scheme. A cascade 6th-order Sigma-Delta modulator is designed to get high resolution, reduce quantized error and suppress the instability brought by high-order modulator. With the cascade structure and 16-bit resolution 32 OSR, the modulator outputs 3-bits digital stream. The whole circuit is designed with AMS technique and 3.3V power consumption. The simulation result presents that the interface circuit performs a appointed under a low-noise design specification in signal band, and the SNR of the circuit achieves remarkable value of 106dB.
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14

Yang, Ji Shen, Hong Yu Qi, Xiao Guang Yang, and Duo Qi Shi. "Progressive Failure Analysis of an Integral Composite Joint for Thrust Reverser Cascade." Key Engineering Materials 795 (March 2019): 325–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.795.325.

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The research work in this paper is focused on studying the failure behavior of an integral π-shaped laminated composite structure subjected to a bending load. A progressive damage model based on the 3D Tsai-Wu failure criterion and a developed gradual degradation model was employed to simulate and assess the load-carrying capacity, the onset and propagation of damage, and the failure mechanisms. For this unique π-shaped composite structure, disbonding was found to be the dominant damage mode under bending load, and the approximate maximum load could be maintained for a brief time during the final failure due to the gradual loss nature of the load-carrying capacity. The extent of damage was found to be more serious on the side of Rib II compared to the other side.
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15

Meng, Gang, Kai Feng Zhang, Shi Ran Zhao, Meng Xue Ouyang, and Xiang Li. "Researcher Progress of Steel Slag Cascade Utilization in Building Materials." Key Engineering Materials 629-630 (October 2014): 293–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.629-630.293.

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This paper studied the cascade use of industrial waste slag as the cementitious material, the fine aggregate and the coarse aggregate, assisted by XRD, SEM and other microscopic test methods. The results that the system had the best volume stability when the steel slag addition of 40%. When the cement mortar prepared by 10% steel slag fine aggregate, and mixed with 20% steel slag powder and 20% blast furnace slag powder, the mortar construction performance and shrink resistant performance is excellent. On the basis of concrete double mixing 25% steel slag aggregate and 30% steel slag powder, compound mixing 20% blast furnace slag powder, the durable properties of concrete are also excellent.
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16

Väkevä, Antti, Seppo Meri, Timo Lehto, and Pekka Laurila. "Activation of the terminal complement cascade in renal infarction." Kidney International 47, no. 3 (March 1995): 918–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ki.1995.137.

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17

SUIZU, Futoshi, Yasuaki FUKUTA, Kozue UEDA, Takahiro IWASAKI, Hiroshi TOKUMITSU, and Hiroshi HOSOYA. "Characterization of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase I as a myosin II regulatory light chain kinase in vitro and in vivo." Biochemical Journal 367, no. 2 (October 15, 2002): 335–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj20020536.

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Ca2+/calmodulin (CaM)-dependent protein kinase I (CaM-KI), which is a member of the multifunctional CaM-K family, is thought to be involved in various Ca2+-signalling pathways. In this report, we demonstrate that CaM-KI activated by an upstream kinase (CaM-K kinase), but not unactivated CaM-KI, phosphorylates myosin II regulatory light chain (MRLC) efficiently (Kcat, 1.7s-1) and stoichiometrically (0.8mol of phosphate/mol) in a Ca2+/CaM-dependent manner in vitro. One-dimensional phosphopeptide mapping and mutational analysis of MRLC revealed that the activated CaM-KI monophosphorylates only Ser-19 in MRLC. Transient expression of the Ca2+/CaM-independent form of CaM-KI (CaM-KI1-293) in HeLa cells induced Ser-19 phosphorylation of myosin, II accompanied by reorganization of actin filaments in the peripheral region of the cells. CaM-KI-induced reorganization of actin filaments was suppressed by co-expression of non-phosphorylatable MRLC mutants (S19A and T18AS19A). Furthermore, a kinase-negative form of CaM-KI (CaM-KI1-293,K49E) significantly reduced reorganization of actin filaments, indicating a dominant negative effect. This is the first demonstration that the activation of the CaM-KI cascade induces myosin II phosphorylation, resulting in regulation of actin filament organization in mammalian cells.
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18

Shehata, Hesham M., Yasser S. Mohamed, Mohamed Abdellatif, and Taher H. Awad. "Crack Width Estimation Using Feed and Cascade Forward Back Propagation Artificial Neural Networks." Key Engineering Materials 786 (October 2018): 293–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.786.293.

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Automatic crack inspection techniques that limit the necessity of human have the potential to lower the cost and time of the process. In this study, a maximum crack width estimation approach is presented. Seventy nine segments of cracks are used for training the neural networks and twenty six segments are used for examination. The maximum width for each segment is measured using laser scanning microscope and segment image is captured and magnified using the microscope camera in order to obtain the extracted crack profile number of pixels. Feed and cascade forward back propagation artificial neural networks are designed and constructed. The input and output for the networks are the crack width in terms of number of pixels and the maximum estimated crack width respectively. It is shown that, the artificial neural networks technique can effectively be used to estimate the crack width. The feedforward back propagation structure which is designed with two layers and training function TRAINLM gives the best results in examination.
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Haneda, Masakazu, Shin-ichi Araki, Toshiro Sugimoto, Masaki Togawa, Daisuke Koya, and Ryuichi Kikkawa. "Differential inhibition of mesangial MAP kinase cascade by cyclic nucleotides." Kidney International 50, no. 2 (August 1996): 384–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ki.1996.327.

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20

Zhao, Yan Xiao, Wan Rong Zhang, Hong Yun Xie, Xin Huang, and Liang Hao Zhang. "A Second Differential Bandpass Filter with Tuning Center Frequency and Constant Q." Key Engineering Materials 645-646 (May 2015): 646–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.645-646.646.

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A second order differential filter with Q-enhancement and tunable active inductor is presented. The design technique for a tunable Q-enhancement SiGe HBT active inductor operating in the wide RF-band for the filter is described. Multi-regulated Cascode circuit is employed to enhance the quality factor Q by increasing the output impedance. Tunable active resistor is introduced to boost the tuning ability of the active inductor. Employing the proposed active inductor, the center frequency of the filter is tuned in the frequency of 1.05~2.45GHz by adjusting the bias current, Q reducing with different bias current can be compensated via tuning the feedback effective resistance of the active inductor, and Q has almost constant value of 209~225 at the frequency of 2.15GHz.
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21

Nakamura, Miho, Yasutaka Sekijima, Satoshi Nakamura, Kazuki Niwa, Takayuki Kobayashi, and Kimihiro Yamashita. "Immediate Mechanism of the Osteoconductivity of the Polarized Hydroxyapatite." Key Engineering Materials 309-311 (May 2006): 1413–0. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.309-311.1413.

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We investigated the immediate response in the vicinity of the implanted polarized hydroxyapatite (HA). One of the important immediate events was found to be the fibrin adsorption on the implanted HA. The activation of the fibrin adsorption on the polarized HA was confirmed by the observation by SEM observation and immunohistochemical detection. After the implantation, the coagulation cascade induced the wound healing. The adsorbed fibrin was formed network structure and worked for later cell responses as the scaffolds. The acceleration of fibrin scaffolds formation in the vicinity of the implanted polarized HA contributed to the stimulation and activation of plate ets and osseous cells. The platelets were activated from the results of the signal transduction and cytoskeleton changes and released growth factors. The growth factors released from platelets led to bone regeneration by stimulating migration and proliferation of the osseous cells. In the vicinity of the implanted HA samples, the coagulation cascade reaction to repair wound healing led to the new bone formation by mediation of the platelets and osseous cells. The mechanism of osteoconduction at earlier stage had close relationships to the electrostatic properties of the implant.
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Nakamura, Miho, Yasutaka Sekijima, Satoshi Nakamura, Kazuki Niwa, Takayuki Kobayashi, and Kimihiro Yamashita. "Immediate Mechanism of the Osteoconductivity of the Polarized Hydroxyapatite." Key Engineering Materials 309-311 (May 2006): 149–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.309-311.149.

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We investigated the immediate response in the vicinity of the implanted polarized hydroxyapatite (HA). One of the important immediate events was found to be the fibrin adsorption on the implanted HA. The activation of the fibrin adsorption on the polarized HA was confirmed by the observation by SEM observation and immunohistochemical detection. After the implantation, the coagulation cascade induced the wound healing. The adsorbed fibrin was formed network structure and worked for later cell responses as the scaffolds. The acceleration of fibrin scaffolds formation in the vicinity of the implanted polarized HA contributed to the stimulation and activation of platelets and osseous cells. The platelets were activated from the results of the signal transduction and cytoskeleton changes and released growth factors. The growth factors released from platelets led to bone regeneration by stimulating migration and proliferation of the osseous cells. In the vicinity of the implanted HA samples, the coagulation cascade reaction to repair wound healing led to the new bone formation by mediation of the platelets and osseous cells. The mechanism of osteoconduction at earlier stage had close relationships to the electrostatic properties of the implant.
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23

Yang, Yi, Ping Mao, Shu Yan Feng, and Jin Hua Zhang. "Assessment on the Collection Efficiency of an Aerosol Sampler in Micro and Nanoparticles Environment." Key Engineering Materials 609-610 (April 2014): 483–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.609-610.483.

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The collection efficiency (CE) of an aerosol sampler is usually assessed dependently by using a sampler with higher CE and higher sampling accuracy or comparing the grain size distribution, concentration and/or other characteristics of the collected dust to that of the original dust, instead of the sampler itself. To establish a simple method for the assessment on the collection efficiency (CE) of an aerosol sampler, a self-dependent method was derived to calculate the CE of an aerosol sampler, which was patented with the number of ZL200910233001.X by the State Intellectual Property Office of China. According to the patent method, two or more uniform aerosol samplers of the same model were connected in series the inlet of a sampler was connected directly with the outlet of another sampler. The CE (η) of the aerosol sampler can be calculated by a simple equation as:η=1-m2/m1, in whichm1andm2is the weight of the aerosol particles collected by sampler 1# and sampler 2# in the connection sequence, respectively. A cascade impactor sampler was used to sample in a micrometer particle (d50=2.5 μm) aerosol environment and a nanoparticle (d50=42 nm) aerosol environment which were formed artificially in a glove box, as well as a workplace environment which manufactured nanometer powders. The sampling test results indicated that the cascade impactor sampler showed relative high CE (99.51%) for micrometer aerosol but a little bit low CE (95.2%) for nanoparticle aerosol. However, a low CE (93.93%) was calculated out by the method because of low concentration aerosol nanoparticles in the workplace environment, which result to big testing errors. It was found that the assessment result on collection efficiency of a sampler is highly affected by the subsequent analytical methods and detection accuracies after the sampling process. If the precision of the electronic balance was improved to a reasonable higher order of magnitude, the cascade impactor sampler can hopefully show much higher collection efficiency on nanoparticle aerosols.
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Kostek, Robert. "Simulation and Analysis of Vibration of Rolling Bearing." Key Engineering Materials 588 (October 2013): 257–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.588.257.

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This article presents a non-linear model of deep groove ball bearing and results of simulation. Vibrations of this bearing are studied for a wide range of clearance. An evolution from periodic to chaotic vibrations is visible due to increase of clearance. A number of phenomena associated with non-linear dynamics are observed, for instance: bistability, chaotic vibrations, windows of periodical vibrations, jump of amplitude, period-doubling cascade leading to chaos, bifurcation directly leading to chaos, and self-similarity of a Poincaré section. Moreover, amplitudes of vibrations are presented as functions of clearance. This provides an opportunity to select failure modes. Unfortunately, relations clearance amplitude and amplitude - clearance are ambiguous.
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Li, Qiang, Xiao Wei Liu, Liang Yin, and Jia Jun Zhou. "A Low-Frequency Filter in Inertial Applications." Key Engineering Materials 645-646 (May 2015): 875–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.645-646.875.

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A fourth-order cascade low-pass transconductance capacitor filter is designed, and the coefficients of the filter are calculated. For the implementation of large-time constants the current shunt technique and the current cancellation technique are employed in the operational transconductance amplifiers. The whole filter is simulated in Hspice, the the cutoff frequency is 150.2Hz and the THD of the filter is 65dB, which meet the technical requirements of the inertial applications.
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Xu, Nan, and Xian Jia Wang. "Three Gorges-Gezhouba Cascade Reservoirs Multi-Objective Optimization Decision Support System Overall Design and Implementation." Key Engineering Materials 480-481 (June 2011): 795–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.480-481.795.

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The decision-making process of reservoir operation is extremely complex and DSS (Decision Support System) has been used in reservoir operation management in many cases. The paper presents a decision support system for Three Gorges-Gezhouba cascade reservoirs multi-objective optimization. Our approach employs Matlab platform as system developing tool, which greatly saves programming time. And B/S mode user interface is adopted in our project since it is economical and easy to be maintained.
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Sajid, M. B., Et Es-sebbar, T. Javed, C. Fittschen, and A. Farooq. "Measurement of the Rate of Hydrogen Peroxide Thermal Decomposition in a Shock Tube Using Quantum Cascade Laser Absorption Near 7.7 μm." International Journal of Chemical Kinetics 46, no. 5 (October 24, 2013): 275–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/kin.20827.

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28

Al Khatib, Mohamed, and Samer Al Martini. "A Study on the Application of Artificial Neural Networks on Green Self Consolidating Concrete (SCC) under Hot Weather." Key Engineering Materials 677 (January 2016): 254–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.677.254.

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Self-consolidating concrete (SCC) has recently drawn attention to the construction industry in hot weather countries, due to its high fresh and mechanical properties. The slump flow is routinely used for quality control of SCC. Experiments were conducted by the current authors to investigate the effects of hot weather conditions on the slump flow of SCC. Self-consolidating concrete mixtures were prepared with different dosages of fly ash and superplasticizer and under different ambient temperatures. The results showed that the slump flow of SCC is sensitive to changes in ambient temperature, fly ash dosage, and superplasticizer dosage. In this paper, several artificial neural networks (ANNs) were employed to predict the slump flow of self-consolidating concrete under hot weather. Some of the data used to construct the ANNs models in this paper were collected from the experimental study conducted by the current authors, and other data were gathered from literature. Various parameters including ambient temperature and mixing time were used as inputs during the construction of ANN models. The developed ANN models employed two neural networks: the Feed-Forward Back Propagation (FFBP) and the Cascade Forward Back Propagation (CFBP). Both FFBP and CFBP showed good predictability to the slump flow of SCC mixtures. However, the FFBP network showed a slight better performance than CFBP, where it better predicted the slump flow of SCC than the CFBP network under hot weather. The results in this paper indicate that the ANNs can be employed to help the concrete industry in hot weather to predict the quality of fresh self-consolidating concrete mixes without the need to go through long trial and error testing program.Keywords: Self-consolidating concrete; Neural networks; Hot weather, Feed-forward back-propagation, Cascade-forward back propagation.
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Kass, Leonard, and William O. Bray. "Kinetic model for phototransduction and G-protein enzyme cascade: understanding quantal bumps during inhibition of CaM-KII or PP2B." Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology 35, no. 1-2 (August 1996): 105–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/1011-1344(96)07301-0.

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Lashina, Elena A., Elena M. Slavinskaya, Nataliya A. Chumakova, Gennadii A. Chumakov, and Andrei I. Boronin. "Self‐sustained oscillations within the temperature hysteresis in CO oxidation over Pd: Mathematical model of a cascade of continuous stirred‐tank reactors." International Journal of Chemical Kinetics 51, no. 12 (September 19, 2019): 918–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/kin.21320.

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31

Yu, Xiao Min, and Xiao Kun Yu. "Research on Improving LFMCW Radar Level Measurement Accuracy." Key Engineering Materials 474-476 (April 2011): 119–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.474-476.119.

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LFMCW radar have a high range measuring accuracy in theory. But in practice, the picket fence effect of the FFT transform, making the range resolution and range accuracy in the same order of magnitude, can not meet the accuracy requirements for the near range measuring . Cascade FFT method is adopted to reduce frequency space of the main lobe of echo range spectrum on the FFT with increasing the less operation .The method can greatly improve the range precision of LFMCW Radar.
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Guan, Hai Bing, Yong Kang Zhang, Yun Xia Ye, Cheng Yun Cui, Xiao Ming Qian, and Zhong Wu. "The Effects of the Expander Lens on the Output of the High Energy Nd: Glass Solid-State Laser." Key Engineering Materials 464 (January 2011): 609–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.464.609.

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The expander lens can match the beam dimension between two cascade amplifiers, so the laser medium can be used effectively and the laser output energy can be improved greatly. Study on the functions of the expander lens in high energy Nd:Glass laser is presented. It is shown that the output energy increases by 30% with the expander lens. The simulation through using the optical software CodeV indicates that adjusting the expander lens can effectively compensate the laser thermal lens, make the focusing beam into the parallel beam, and avoid damaging the optical elements. In addition, adjusting the expander lens may compress the laser beam divergence and focus the laser spot, which is beneficial to form high power density and meet the requirements of laser shock processing.
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Yamada, Takehisa, Yoshio Terada, Miwako K. Homma, Hiroshi Nonoguchi, Sei Sasaki, Yasuhito Yuasa, Kimio Tomita, and Fumiaki Marumo. "AVP inhibits EGF-stimulated MAP kinase cascade in Madin-Darby canine kidney cells." Kidney International 48, no. 3 (September 1995): 745–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ki.1995.346.

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34

Terada, Yoshio, Kimio Tomita, Miwako K. Homma, Hiroshi Nonoguchi, Tianxin Yang, Takehisa Yamada, Yasuhiro Yuasa, Edwin G. Krebs, and Fumiaki Marumo. "Sequential activation of MAP kinase cascade by angiotensin II in opossum kidney cells." Kidney International 48, no. 6 (December 1995): 1801–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ki.1995.478.

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35

Han, Feng Ying, Cong Xu Zhu, and Chang Sheng Liu. "A Novel Encryption Scheme for Digital Images Based on Compound Chaos Algorithm." Key Engineering Materials 474-476 (April 2011): 1475–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.474-476.1475.

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A compound Chaos encryption algorithm for digital images is designed in this paper. Lorenz Chaotic system and Logistics map are linked in cascade to generate Chaos sequences. Then the permutation matrix is constructed to encrypt the digital image. The new algorithm can expand the key space and improve anti-aggressive ability. Matlab7.0 is used for simulation testing of the image encryption. Experimental results show that the algorithm is feasible and it can satisfy the security requirement for image transmission and storage. The compound Chaos algorithm can be also used for color digital image encryption.
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Kawahara, Masahiro, and Midori Kato-Negishi. "Link between Aluminum and the Pathogenesis of Alzheimer's Disease: The Integration of the Aluminum and Amyloid Cascade Hypotheses." International Journal of Alzheimer's Disease 2011 (2011): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4061/2011/276393.

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Whilst being environmentally abundant, aluminum is not essential for life. On the contrary, aluminum is a widely recognized neurotoxin that inhibits more than 200 biologically important functions and causes various adverse effects in plants, animals, and humans. The relationship between aluminum exposure and neurodegenerative diseases, including dialysis encephalopathy, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and Parkinsonism dementia in the Kii Peninsula and Guam, and Alzheimer's disease (AD) has been suggested. In particular, the link between aluminum and Alzheimer's disease has been the subject of scientific debate for several decades. However, the complex characteristics of aluminum bioavailability make it difficult to evaluate its toxicity and therefore, the relationship remains to be established. Mounting evidence has suggested that significance of oligomerization ofβ-amyloid protein and neurotoxicity in the molecular mechanism of AD pathogenesis. Aluminum may play crucial roles as a cross-linker inβ-amyloid oligomerization. Here, we review the detailed characteristics of aluminum neurotoxicity based on our own studies and the recent literatures. Our aim is to revisit the link between aluminum and AD and to integrate aluminum and amyloid cascade hypotheses in the context ofβ-amyloid oligomerization and the interactions with other metals.
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Gao, N. F., Koji Watari, and Shoichi Kume. "Fabrication and Characterization of Zeolite-Carbon Composite from Industrial Wastes." Key Engineering Materials 317-318 (August 2006): 743–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.317-318.743.

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Industrial wastes have exerted high loads on environment in view of the difficulties to reserve landfill space and the risk of air pollution. In this study we proposed a method of simultaneous disposing of inorganic waste and common organic waste, in light of cascade recycling concept. Zeolite-carbon composite was synthesized by a combination of calcinations and hydrothermal treatment of coal fly ash and sawdust mixtures. The microstructure, phase compositions and electromagnetic wave absorption properties of the composite were evaluated. The results showed that the low cost composite has the potential to be used as high value-added humidity-controlling building material with the ability to absorb electromagnetic wave.
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38

Lee, Su Min. "SOCIOECONOMIC ABUSE: FROM GOVERNMENT MISHAP TO SYSTEMETIC FAILURES." Asia Proceedings of Social Sciences 4, no. 2 (April 21, 2019): 31–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.31580/apss.v4i2.708.

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ABSTRACT The tragic stories of poverty, famine, and the systematic abuse of citizens by the government in North Korea are all too common. In fact, for millions of children in North Korea today, these are recurring themes. The exploitation of underage children—forced into labor and given minimal to no payments—is common. These children are placed in vulnerable situations and exploited by the very government which should be protecting them. Kim Jong Un, the Supreme Leader, is a perfect example of how dictators often exploit citizens to maintain power, by violating human rights and suppressing freedom. Today, the world is only aware of the modernized Pyongyang, but do they really know what is behind the façade of luxury? The aim of this paper is to investigate the harsh reality of the exploitation taking place inside North Korea. Secondary sources are the main method of investigation, as well as information taken directly from personal testimonies given by North Korean refugees. Compared to what has been portrayed in the mass media, the true picture of North Korea’s situation is unbearable. I was able to glean insight into the North Korean regime that has abused its powers through a cascade of systematic measures that suppress and oppress its citizens from attaining communal benefits of society. This research summarizes research goals which identifies specific ways through which North Korea has exercised its abusive power over its citizens – through child labor, “virgin school girls”, state-wide propaganda, etc. While the primary focus of this article is to shed light on the prevalent abuse found inside North Korea, it also attempts to address a much broader question pertinent to general human nature: “Does human nature allow power to lead to corruption?”
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Lv, Qiu Ye, Chong He, Wen Jie Fan, Yu Feng Zhang, and Xiao Wei Liu. "The Design of Gm-C Low-Pass Filter for Micromachined Gyroscope." Key Engineering Materials 609-610 (April 2014): 1072–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.609-610.1072.

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In this Paper, a 4th-Order Low-Pass Gm-C Filter is Presented. for the Design of Operational Tranconductance Amplifier(OTA), it Adopts the Techniques of Current Division and Current Cancellation. these Techniques can Help to Achieve a Low Transconductance Value. for the Architecture of the 4th-Order Gm-C Filter, it Consists of Two Biquads. the Two Biquads are Cascade Connected. the Gm-C Low-Pass Filter has been Implemented under 0.5 μm CMOS Process Model. the Final Simulation Results Show the Cutoff Frequency of the Filter is 100Hz and the Stop-Band Attenuation is Larger than 60dB. the Power Consumption is Lower than 1mW and the Total Harmonic Distortion(THD) is -55dB.
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40

Baricos, William H., Shirley L. Cortez, Samir S. El-Dahr, and H. William Schnaper. "ECM degradation by cultured human mesangial cells is mediated by a PA/plasmin/MMP-2 cascade." Kidney International 47, no. 4 (April 1995): 1039–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ki.1995.150.

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41

Bertolini, Ettore, Paul Pieringer, and Wolfgang Sanz. "Effect of Different Subgrid-Scale Models and Inflow Turbulence Conditions on the Boundary Layer Transition in a Transonic Linear Turbine Cascade." International Journal of Turbomachinery, Propulsion and Power 6, no. 3 (August 27, 2021): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijtpp6030035.

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The aim of this work is to study the influence of different subgrid-scale (SGS) closure models and inflow turbulence conditions on the boundary layer transition on the suction side of a highly loaded transonic turbine cascade in the presence of high free-stream turbulence using large eddy simulations (LES) of the MUR237 test case. For the numerical simulations, the MUR237 flow case was considered and the incoming free-stream turbulence was reproduced using the synthetic eddy method (SEM). The boundary layer transition on the blade suction side was found to be significantly influenced by the choice of the SGS closure model and the SEM parameters. These two aspects were carefully evaluated in this work. Initially, the influence of three different closure models (Smagorinsky, WALE, and subgrid-scale kinetic energy model) was evaluated. Among them, the WALE SGS closure model performed best compared to the Smagorinsky and KEM models and, for this reason, was used in the following analysis. Finally, different values of the turbulence length scale, eddies density, and inlet turbulence for the SEM were evaluated. As shown by the results, among the different parameters, the choice of the turbulence length scale plays a major role in the transition onset on the blade suction side.
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42

Kotobuki, Noriko, Koji Ioku, Daisuke Kawagoe, Daishiro Nomura, Hirotaka Fujimori, Seishi Goto, and Hajime Ohgushi. "In Vitro Osteogenic Activity of Rat Mesenchymal Cells Cultured on Transparent β-Tricalcium Phosphate Ceramics." Key Engineering Materials 284-286 (April 2005): 663–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.284-286.663.

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We have cultured mesenchymal cells (MSC) on various types of ceramic disks and used these tissue-engineered ceramics for hard tissue regeneration. In this approach, observation of cultured cell morphology is important even if culture substrata are calcium phosphate ceramics, which usually show bioactive nature. However, due to the opaque nature of the ceramics, cells observation is very difficult. Here, we demonstrate light microscopic observation of rat MSC cultured on transparent β-tricalcium phosphate ceramics (β-TCP). The culture was performed in osteogenic medium. Thus, the cell differentiated into bone-forming osteoblasts, which fabricated a mineralized matrix on the ceramic disks. Microscopic observation revealed that the cascade of osteogenic differentiation after attachment/proliferation of MSC on the ceramic disks was similar to that on a culture grade polystyrene dish. These results confirmed the excellent property of β-TCP for MSC culture leading to hard tissue regeneration.
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43

Zhang, Kai, Ri Sheng Long, and Wei Jun Liu. "Configuration and Adjustment of Substrate Preheating Device." Key Engineering Materials 480-481 (June 2011): 1516–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.480-481.1516.

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Laser Metal Deposition Shaping (LMDS) is a state-of-the-art technology that combines rapid prototyping and laser processing. There are many factors affecting the quality, precision, microstructure and performance of LMDS-deposited parts. Among them, substrate preheating is a significant one since it can change the heat history of the LMDS process. Preheating is often used to reduce the residual stresses and the risk of thermal distortion and cracking. In this work a set of substrate preheating device for LMDS system employed with dual-channel control, namely intelligent PID temperature control and realtime serial-port temperature acquisition and feedback control, is designed and developed. In addition, the heating up rule gained through the relative experiment is introduced to reduce the overshoot amplitude of substrate preheating device by cascade control method. The results show that not only can this substrate preheating device realize the dual-channel control and continuous adjustment of substrate preheating temperature, but also can realtime collect and record the substrate temperature.
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Ohgushi, Hajime, Shigeyuki Kitamura, Noriko Kotobuki, Motohiro Hirose, Hiroko Machida, Akira Oshima, Yasuhito Tanaka, and Yoshinori Takakura. "Culturing Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells on Bioceramics for Hard Tissue Regeneration (Validation of In Vitro Bone Matrix Formed on Ceramics for Clinical Application)." Key Engineering Materials 284-286 (April 2005): 603–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.284-286.603.

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Alumina ceramics have excellent mechanical and biocompatible properties, but are bioinert and hence have no bone-bonding properties. We took a tissue engineering approach in an attempt to modify the ceramic surface and so provide an osteogenic/osteoconductive milieu. We used fresh human bone marrow cells obtained from the iliac crest by needle aspiration for culture expansion of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) followed by in vitro osteogenic differentiation on both tissue culture polystyrene (TCPS) and alumina ceramics. We have succeeded in expanding the number of MSC from all 35 cases and compared the differentiation capability of selected MSC on alumina ceramics to that on TCPS. The cells on both substrata showed extensive alkaline phosphatase staining and mineralization as evidenced by calcein uptake. Biochemical analyses revealed high levels of alkaline phosphatase activity, osteocalcin expression, and calcium content. These data indicate that an alumina ceramic surface can support a differentiation cascade of MSC resulting in osteoblastic phenotype expression of the cells. Based on these results, we have performed clinical applications of tissue engineered total joint replacements for osteoarthritic patients.
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45

Jiang, An Nan. "Analyzing the Strength and Stability of Large Underground Cavern Group with Different Generator Socket Construction Schemes Based on Three Dimensional Numerical Simulation." Key Engineering Materials 353-358 (September 2007): 2537–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.353-358.2537.

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Shuibuya hydroelectric project is the most upstream power station in the Qingjiang cascade development of China. The power plant is designed as underground powerhouse, from seventh to eighth construction step, how to ensure the stability of surrounding rock mass of generator socket and controlling the displacement of lower side wall where the soft stratum located in is a key problem. To solve the problem, the three dimensional numerical model of the underground powerhouse was established based on the results of geological investigation. Then, the detailed construction processes, including the replacement of soft rock, excavation as well as support, were numerically simulated. In order to improve the simulation accuracy, the rock mechanics parameters were back analyzed based on in-situ monitor data before sixth construction step, then using Mohr-Coulomb criterion, the paper simulated and analyzed the damage zones of surrounding rock and displacement of lower side wall corresponding to different schemes. The best scheme was recommended by synthetically considering the stability indexes of each scheme. The study had a scientific meaning to guide Shuibuya project construction. Introduction When the underground cavern is excavated, the initial ground stress is released
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46

Cao, Biyin, Jingyu Zhu, Man Wang, Yang Yu, Huixin Qi, Kunkun Han, Zubin Zhang, et al. "A Novel PI3K Inhibitor Identified By a High Throughput Virtual Screen Displays Potent Activity Against Multiple Myeloma." Blood 124, no. 21 (December 6, 2014): 4722. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v124.21.4722.4722.

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Abstract The phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K) has been developed as a promising target for the treatment of many cancers, including hematological malignancies, such as lymphoma, leukemia, and multiple myeloma (MM). Recent clinical trials have demonstrated Idelalisib, a specific PI3Kdelta inhibitor, reached a total 57% of response rate in relapsed indolent lymphoma and 72% of overall complete rate in relapsed chronic lymphocytic leukemia. MM remains fatal as a cancer of plasma cells because of lack of efficient drugs. Therefore, we tried to find novel PI3K inhibitors for MM therapy. To this end, we performed a high throughput virtual screen against 800,000 small molecule compounds using PI3Kγ as the analytic model and identified C98, a function unknown compound, as a potent inhibitor of PI3Ks. The cell-free enzymatic studies showed that C98 inhibited all class I PI3Ks at nano- or low micromolar concentrations but had no effects on AKT or mTOR activity. Molecular docking analysis revealed that C98 interfered with the ATP-binding pockets of PI3Ks by forming H-bonds and arene-H interactions with specific amino residues through which C98 specifically inhibited PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway, but had no effects on other kinases and proteins including IGF-1R, ERK, p38, c-Src, and STAT3. PTEN is a key negative modulator of the PI3K signaling pathway, but KIF did not show any induction of PTEN, thus further demonstrating that KIF is a selective PI3K inhibitor. Inhibition of PI3K by C98 led to myeloma cell apoptosis as shown activated caspase cascade signaling. Furthermore, oral administration of C98 delayed tumor growth in two independent human myeloma xenograft models in nude mice but did not show overt toxicity. Pharmacokinetic analysis revealed that C98 can be found in MM tissues at an average concentration up to 622.6 ng/g, suggesting that C98 can penetrate into the tumor tissues where it exerts its anti-myeloma activity. It also suggests C98 has a reliable oral activity. Therefore, through a high throughput virtual screen we identified a novel PI3K inhibitor that is orally active against multiple myeloma with great potential for further development. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
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47

Narita, Ichiei, Bassam Alchi, Fuminori Sato, Daisuke Saga, A. S. A. Ogawa, Yutaka Tsubata, Daisuke Kondo, Minoru Sakatsume, Tadashi Yamamoto, and Fumitake Gejyo. "Up-regulation in the kidney and its genetic polymorphism of MUC20, a regulator of Met signaling cascade, in patients with IgA nephropathy." Kidney International 68, no. 5 (November 2005): 1970–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ki.2005.28.

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48

Fiorito, Silvana, Laura Magrini, and Robert Streicher. "Circulating Cytokines as Biological Indicators for PE and Ceramics Articulations." Key Engineering Materials 361-363 (November 2007): 1323–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.361-363.1323.

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We studied the role of cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6,IL-1β, TGF-β) as markers of osteolysis in patients who underwent to a hip prosthesis implantation subdivided in two groups: group A with an ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) insert articulating against a metal ball head , and group B with an all alumina ceramic combination. Profibrogenic (TGF-β) and pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6,IL-1β) are secreted by the periprosthetic synovial-like fibrous membrane in hip artificial implants. They are secreted by inflammatory activated cells and trigger the cascade of biochemical events leading to the activation of osteoclasts and bone resorption. A statistically significant increase of TGF-β serum levels was observed between TGF-β values in implanted patients as compared to normal subjects and between TGF-β values after versus before implantation in Group A. A progressive decrease in TNF-α and IL-6 serum levels has been observed in both Groups, when compared with the initial values before the implantation. IL-1β levels decreased up to 60 months after the implantation Our data suggest that monitoring circulating cytokines could be a good indicator for the proliferation and activity of the periprosthetic synovial-like membrane and potential osteolysis. This could allow for an adequate early treatment.
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49

Man, Yuncheng, Erdem Kucukal, Shichen Liu, Deepa Manwani, Jane Little, and Umut A. Gurkan. "Heterogeneous Hypoxia-Mediated Neutrophil and Red Blood Cell Adhesion to E-Selectin in Microscale Flow." Blood 132, Supplement 1 (November 29, 2018): 3671. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2018-99-119353.

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Abstract Hypoxia promotes red blood cell (RBC) sickling, oxidative stress, systemic endothelium activation, vascular inflammation, and activation of coagulation in sickle cell disease (SCD), which results in a malicious cycle contributing to the progression of vaso-occlusion and other consequent clinical manifestations, such as acute chest syndrome and ischemic injuries. In the multistep and multicellular paradigm of vaso-occlusion, recruitment of neutrophils and adhesion of sickle RBCs to activated endothelial cells are critical in initiating this cascade of events. To better understand the role of hypoxia in this pathophysiological process, we assessed the adhesion profiles of RBCs and neutrophils to immobilized e-selectin utilizing blood samples from a clinically diverse patient population with SCD. Blood samples were collected from 11 subjects with homozygous SCD (HbSS) and 5 normal subjects (HbAA). Prior to the experiments, whole blood samples were mixed with Hank's balanced salt buffer solution modified with calcium and magnesium (1:1 v/v). A total volume of 25 µl blood sample was perfused through each e-selectin immobilized microchannel under both normoxic and hypoxic (7.5% oxygen level) conditions using SCD Biochip microfluidic adhesion assay [1, 2]. Blood perfusion was followed by a rinse with Hank's buffer solution at 1 dyne/cm2 corresponding to the typical shear stress levels observed in post-capillary venules. Thereafter, neutrophil adhesion, neutrophil rolling, neutrophil-platelet aggregation, and RBC adhesion data were obtained and analyzed. E-selectin functionalized microchannels supported neutrophil adhesion as well as neutrophil rolling when flowing normal blood samples, where we observed higher adhesion and rolling rates in hypoxia (Fig. 1A). SCD subjects were categorized into two distinct groups based on their adhesion profiles: Group 1: hypoxia-enhanced neutrophil adhesion without significant RBC adhesion (N=7), and Group 2: hypoxia-reduced RBC adhesion with marginal neutrophil adhesion (N=4) (Fig. 1B). We find that both normal and SCD neutrophil adhesion to e-selectin is significantly enhanced under hypoxic conditions (Fig. 1C, p<0.05, paired t-test). Moreover, we observed significantly increased neutrophil-platelet aggregates and an increase in the percentage of adhered neutrophils involved in neutrophil-platelet aggregation induced by hypoxia (Fig. 1D&E), suggesting that hypoxia is strongly associated with neutrophil-platelet aggregation driven vaso-occlusive events in Group 1. Furthermore, rolling velocity of 20 neutrophils from each SCD subjects under shear stress was measured, and hypoxia-mediated neutrophil rolling behavior was determined (Fig. 1F). A unique adhesion profile was observed in Group 2, in which the number of adhered RBCs was significantly reduced in response to hypoxia (Fig. 1G, p<0.05, Mann-Whitney non-parametric analysis). Here, we report two different adhesion profiles among SCD sub-populations using an e-selectin functionalized microfluidic model. We observed elevated numbers of adherent neutrophils, decreased neutrophil rolling velocities, and enhanced neutrophil-platelet aggregation induced by hypoxia in one group, while lowered number of adhered RBCs mediated by hypoxia in the other group. We speculate that there may be two distinct mechanisms that initiate vaso-occlusive events in SCD: in Group 1, neutrophils are responsive to endothelial activation. In this group, neutrophil recruitment and the resulting neutrophil-platelet aggregates and other complexes may precipitate vaso-ooclusion, which is strongly susceptible to hypoxia. In Group 2, in whom neutrophil recruitment is less effective, vaso-occlusion may be induced by vascular RBC adhesion, in which hypoxia may be a less proximate trigger. References: Alapan, Y., C. Kim, A. Adhikari, K.E. Gray, E. Gurkan-Cavusoglu, J.A. Little, and U.A. Gurkan, Sickle cell disease biochip: a functional red blood cell adhesion assay for monitoring sickle cell disease. Transl Res, 2016. 173: p. 74-91.e8. Kim, M., Y. Alapan, A. Adhikari, J.A. Little, and U.A. Gurkan, Hypoxia-enhanced adhesion of red blood cells in microscale flow. Microcirculation, 2017. 24(5). Disclosures Little: NHLBI: Research Funding; Hemex: Patents & Royalties: Patent, no honoraria; PCORI: Research Funding; Doris Duke Charitable Foundations: Research Funding.
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50

Shimaoka, H., Y. Dohi, K. Narikawa, Hajime Ohgushi, M. Ikeuchi, M. Okamoto, T. Kirita, and K. Yonemasu. "Comparison of Recombinant Growth/Differentiation Factor-5 (rGDF-5) and Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2 (rBMP-2) in the In Vivo Bone Formation in Porous Hydroxyapatite Ceramic." Key Engineering Materials 284-286 (April 2005): 945–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.284-286.945.

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Various recombinant growth factors have been used for promoting osteoblastic differentiation cascade. To compare the growth/differentiation factor-5 (GDF-5) and bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) in the in vivo osteogenic potential of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), the bone formation was assessed by rat subcutaneous implantation of 5 kinds of hydroxyapatite (HA) implants; namely GDF/HA composites, BMP/HA composites, MSCs/HA composites and the MSCs/HA composites supplemented with recombinant mouse GDF-5 (GDF/MSCs/HA) or recombinant human BMP-2 (BMP/MSCs/HA). Neither the GDF/HA nor the BMP/HA composites exhibited any bone formation at any time after implantation. At both 2 and 4 weeks after implantation, obvious de novo bone formation together with active osteoblasts was seen histologically in many pores of the GDF/MSCs/HA and BMP/MSCs/HA composites. The GDF/MSCs/HA and BMP/MSCs/HA composites also showed high alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and osteocalcin expression determined at both the protein and gene levels. Compared with GDF/MSCs/HA, the BMP/MSCs/HA composites exhibited excellent osteogenesis with relatively early osteoblastic phenotype expression. These findings indicate that the two growth factors synergistically enhance de novo bone formation capability of MSCs/HA composites and the importance of ceramic surface to retain and to deliver the molecules of growth factors for the cell differentiation and maturation.
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