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Segrott, Jeremy, Heather Rothwell, Gillian Hewitt, Rebecca Playle, Chao Huang, Simon Murphy, Laurence Moore, Matthew Hickman, and Hayley Reed. "Preventing alcohol misuse in young people: an exploratory cluster randomised controlled trial of the Kids, Adults Together (KAT) programme." Public Health Research 3, no. 15 (November 2015): 1–188. http://dx.doi.org/10.3310/phr03150.
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BackgroundInvolvement of parents/carers may increase the effectiveness of primary school-based alcohol-misuse prevention projects. However, few interventions have been designed for pre-adolescent children, or specifically involve parents/carers. The Kids, Adults Together (KAT) programme in primary schools aimed to reduce alcohol misuse through such an approach.ObjectiveTo determine the value and feasibility of conducting an effectiveness trial of KAT.DesignParallel-group cluster randomised exploratory trial with an embedded process evaluation. Schools were the unit of randomisation.SettingPrimary schools (n = 9) in south Wales, UK.ParticipantsPupils in Year 5/6 (aged 9–11 years) and their parents/carers; school staff.InterventionThe Kids, Adults Together programme consisted of (1) classwork addressing the effects of alcohol; (2) a family event for children and parents/carers; and (3) a ‘goody bag’ containing fun items, including a digital versatile disc (DVD) for families to watch together. The intervention comprised KAT plus existing alcohol-related activities and lessons. Control-group schools continued with existing alcohol-related lessons and activities.Main outcome measuresKey outcomes related to the progression criteria for a potential future effectiveness trial. These included the acceptability, participation equity, feasibility and implementation of KAT; the recruitment and retention of research participants; and the acceptability and feasibility of research processes, including data collection methods and outcome measures.ResultsNine schools (free school meal entitlement ranging from 1% to 37.2%) participated. Two of five intervention schools withdrew but all four control schools were retained, and these seven schools facilitated all research data collections. Programme acceptability and participation rates were high in all three intervention schools (parent/carer participation rates ranged from 45.1% to 65.7%), although implementation quality varied. At baseline, approximately 75% of eligible children (n = 418) provided data, of whom 257 also provided data at follow-up. Only 27 parents/carers (estimated response rate 6.5%) completed interviews. Most children were willing to complete questionnaires but measures were not appropriate for this age group. Measures of alcohol consumption produced inconsistent responses. Intermediate outcomes on family communication showed no evidence of intervention effectiveness.ConclusionsIn the three schools that received the KAT intervention, it was found to be acceptable to schools and pupils and there were good levels of participation from parents/carers from across a range of socioeconomic groups. However, two intervention schools withdrew from the trial. Findings from intermediate outcomes on family communication did not support programme theory. In addition, the study highlighted challenges in identifying suitable outcome measures for children aged 9–11 years and the feasibility of long-term follow-up via secondary schools.Future workIt would not be appropriate to proceed to an effectiveness trial of KAT. There are doubts/uncertainties about the potential effects of KAT; suitability of measures; the large number of schools which would be required for an effectiveness trial of KAT, and the cost of this; feasibility of follow-up in secondary schools; and programme implementation and theory. There is a need to develop and validate measures for children aged 9–11 years; to test the feasibility of follow-up data collection methods in secondary schools; and to further consider sample size requirements and feasibility.Trial registrationCurrent Controlled Trials ISRCTN80672127.FundingThe exploratory trial of this project was funded by the National Institute for Health Research Public Health Research programme and the process evaluation was funded by the Economic and Social Research Council. The work was undertaken with the support of The Centre for the Development and Evaluation of Complex Interventions for Public Health Improvement (DECIPHer), a UK Clinical Research Collaboration Public Health Research Centre of Excellence. Joint funding (MR/KO232331/1) from the British Heart Foundation, Cancer Research UK, Economic and Social Research Council, the Welsh Government and the Wellcome Trust, under the auspices of the UK Clinical Research Collaboration, is gratefully acknowledged. This project will be published in full inPublic Health Research; Vol. 3, No. 15. See the NIHR Journals Library website for further project information.
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Wilson, R. T. "Livestock production in central Mali: environmental factors affecting weight in traditionally managed goats and sheep." Animal Science 45, no. 2 (October 1987): 223–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s000335610001881x.
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ABSTRACTA study of the factors affecting weight in traditionally managed goats and sheep in central Mali was undertaken during 1978–84. Sheep were heavier than goats at all ages. Birth weights of goats (2·2 kg) were significantly affected by year and season of birth, parity, type of birth, sex and system (rain-fed millet or irrigated rice). Lamb birth weights (2·9 kg) were affected by all these sources of variation except year. System did not exert a significant influence on kid weights at 30 (4·3 kg), 90 (7·5 kg) or 150 days (10·5 kg) but the random effects of flocks and dams and the fixed effects of season, year, parity, type of birth, sex and the interaction of season × year were all significant at all three ages except for year at 30 days. Lamb weights (5·7, 11·1 and 15·5 kg) were significantly affected at all three ages by all sources of variation except season × year effects at 90 and 150 days. Repeatabilities of lamb weights were higher than of kids, probably due to milk being taken for human consumption from goats. There were few significant effects at post weaning to 730 days except those related to sex. Post-partum weights of goats (26·0 kg) were not affected by system, by the type of parturition nor by the sex of the young but were affected by season and year of parturition and by parity. Ewe post-partum weights (30·6 kg) were affected only by system and parity. Changes in weight over the year, pooled for 7 years, in specific age and sex groups averaged proportionately about 005 above and below the annual mean. Weights of mature animals were about 0·05 lower in 1984 than in 1978. Seasonal and long-term effects on weight are much less marked in small ruminants than in cattle under the same management system in the central Mali environment and the allocation of future research effort should take into consideration the relative advantages of the two types of stock.
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S., Ramya H., Anjana Gopi, Vivetha Elango, and Dona Joseph. "Clinical spectrum of pneumonia in children aged 1 month to 18 years by serum polymerase chain reaction, in a tertiary care centre in Bengaluru, Karnataka, India." International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics 7, no. 6 (May 22, 2020): 1384. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20202152.
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Background: Pneumonia accounts for 15% all deaths in children under 5 years of age, being the single largest infectious cause of deaths in children worldwide according to WHO. Establishing the exact etiological factor is a difficult task, as there are no definite clinical, radiological markers to differentiate between causative organisms. Hence by detecting the genetic material of causative organism by serum PCR (polymerase chain reaction) and correlating it with the clinical and radiological features can help in appropriate use with antibiotics.Methods: It is a observational study conducted in department of paediatrics KIMS hospital Bangalore, India which included inpatients admitted with clinical and radiological features of pneumonia over a study period from February 2018-April2019 .In this study we excluded immunocompromised children . After obtaining informed written consent, detailed history and clinical examination was done. Investigations including complete hemogram, CXR were done. Under sterile precautions, blood samples for serum PCR and blood culture and sensitivity were obtained. Serum PCR was done for a panel of 33 respiratory pathogens.Results: Etiological agents were identified in 63% of cases. Streptococcus pneumoniae was the most common causartive agent being detected in 50.6% of the cases. Staphylococcus aureus has been detected to be the second common organism 16%.Conclusions: In our study Pneumococci was identified in 50.6% of cases. Multiplex serum PCR could be a useful rapid diagnostic tool to identify the etiological agents. Introduction of pneumococcal vaccine worldwide in government immunization schedule, nationwide will help to reduce the disease burden caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae.
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Toptygina, A. P., M. A. Smerdova, M. A. Naumova, N. P. Vladimirova, and T. A. Mamaeva. "INFLUENCE OF POPULATION IMMUNITY PECULIARITIES ON THE STRUCTURE OF MEASLES AND RUBELLA PREVALENCE." Russian Journal of Infection and Immunity 8, no. 3 (November 4, 2018): 341–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.15789/2220-7619-2018-3-341-348.
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According to the lasting serological investigations of patients with rubella and measles, a major factor that determines the resistance to the infections is specific antibodies, that are still circulating in blood of recovered persons during their life. Since vaccinated people are also included in this concept, serological monitoring of people different ages who get vaccinated against rubella and measles is conducted in Russia. However the discrepancy between specific immunity intensity and the measles incidence was showed last years. Using “Vector Best” kits, the study of the anti-measles and antirubella population immunity in scale of age: under 1 year, 1–2 years, 3–6 years, 7–14 years, 15–17 years, 18–30 years, 31–40 years, 41–50 years, and 51–60 years was carried out in Moscow and Moscow region in 2013 (period of unfavorable epidemic situation). The serum probes were obtained from 654 random healthy donors and 646 patients with serologically confirmed measles infection. As a result, gradual increase of percentage of people with protective antibodies to rubella and measles have been demonstrated: 81.3% donors aged 7–14 years were protected from measles and more than 90% — from rubella. Moreover, percentage of individuals who have had immunity to rubella were the same in adults too. The most marked increase of percentage of seronegative persons to measles virus (40% and more) was in age from 18 to 30 years, and in groups over the age 40 years old protection reaches 85–95%. Comparison between percentage of measles patients different ages and percentage of persons with protective antibodies in serum have demonstrated significant negative correlation between measles prevalence and the level of specific antibody in population (r = –0.76). According to the results, increase (to 28%) and decrease (to 2.9%) of measles patients aged 18 to 30 and 51 to 60 years are based on decrease (to 55%) and increase (to 95%) of persons with protective immunity, respectively. Results of analysis of measles prevalence in different ages have demonstrated, that among adult measles patients (18–50 years) 14.5% responded on infection by secondary immune response; among children and teenagers there were no such patients, that proves the significant effectiveness of prophylactic vaccines.
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S., Srinivasa, Nithya E., Varsha Monica Reddy, and Shiva Devraj. "Clinical profile of children with pneumonia admitted at KIMS hospital, Bangalore, India: a prospective study." International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics 6, no. 2 (February 23, 2019): 660. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20190707.
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Background: In India acute respiratory infections are an important public health problem accounting for 15-30 % of under-five mortality. Early detection, timely intervention, standard management and a proper early referral service can reduce the mortality rate. The objective of this study was to study the sociodemographic and clinical profile of children admitted with pneumonia, to study its relation to the duration of stay at the hospital.Methods: The study was conducted in KIMS hospital, Bangalore from September 2016 to August 2017. Sociodemographic and clinical features of children aged from 2 months to 18 years of age were studied. A total of 92 children who fulfilled the inclusion criteria for community-acquired pneumonia were studied. The patient population comprises mainly of the low-income group from rural areas, urban slums, referred patients from surrounding rural areas, and other centres.Results: A total of 92 children were studied, 52 boys and 40 girls. 45% children were breastfed for <6 months, and 28% were incompletely immunized. Majority of children belonged to lower socioeconomic group. Passive smoking was present in 38 % of the patients and overcrowding was seen in 50% of children studied. There is a significant association between passive smoking, delayed hospital care, and length of stay.Conclusions: Present study concluded that ARI was more common in LES children and incompletely immunised children. And children who got early medical attention i.e. <4 days had a lesser duration of hospital stay i.e. <7 days.
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Solodkaya, Kseniya I., N. D. Sorokina, and Yu A. Gioeva. "THE ANALYSIS OF TASTE SENSITIVITY IN PATIENTS BEING ON ORTHODONTIC TREATMENT." Medical Journal of the Russian Federation 23, no. 2 (April 15, 2017): 84–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.18821/0869-2106-2017-23-2-84-88.
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Nowadays, number of studies covering issues of disorders of human gustatory sensitivity under effect of general and local factors is increasing. However, alterations of gustatory perception in orthodontic patients are studied insufficiently. The purpose of study. To determine quantitative and qualitative alterations of gustatory sensitivity in individuals bearing for a long time intra-oral orthodontic constructions. The sampling included 15 examined patients aged from 11 to 37 years being on the stage of orthodontic treatment (in average from 6 months to 1 year) at the chair of orthodontics of the A.E. Evdokimov Moskovskii state medical stomatological university. The gustatory sensitivity was investigated using gustometry technique identifying threshold of gustatory sensitivity i.e. the least concentration of solution of gustatory substance that provokes sensation at applying on tongue. In addition, attention was paid to health condition of patient, presence of harmful habits and food addictions. The studies demonstrated that in patients on various kinds of gustatory sensations (sweet, salted, bitter, sour) developed altered gustatory sensations that шт relation to normal reactions were higher, lower or within the limits of norm. The highest number of mistakes were observed in case of identification of soar and salted solutions. The dynamic observation testifies alteration of gustatory perception in examined patients during all period of treatment. Therefore, studies are to be continued increasing their duration and number of patients with purpose of making more concrete conclusions about dynamics of human gustatory sensitivity under bearing intra-oral orthodontic constructions.
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Khamees, Deena, Jennifer Klima, and Sarah H. O'Brien. "Population Screening for Von Willebrand's Disease in Adolescents with Heavy Menstrual Bleeding." Blood 120, no. 21 (November 16, 2012): 477. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v120.21.477.477.
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Abstract Abstract 477 Background Heavy menstrual bleeding (HMB) is the most common presenting symptom in women with von Willebrand's disease (VWD), reported in 80–90% of patients. The American Congress of Obstetricians and Gynecologists recommends that VWD screening be performed in all adolescents presenting with severe menorrhagia; however, the frequency of VWD screening in clinical practice remains unknown. Combining administrative health claims data and electronic medical records from a large population of Ohio Medicaid-enrolled adolescents, our objectives were to determine the frequency of 1) VWD screening and 2) new patient evaluations at a hemophilia treatment center in adolescents with HMB. We also sought to determine what patient-level factors predicted VWD screening. Methods The data for this study were obtained from Partners for Kids, an accountable care organization providing health care for Medicaid patients in Central (Columbus, OH and surrounding counties) and Southeastern Ohio (rural counties). Our study population included females 10–17 years of age with two or more ICD-9-CM diagnoses of HMB (626.2, 626.3, 626.8) continuously enrolled in Partners for Kids for at least 6 months prior to and 12 months following first diagnosis of HMB. We defined severe HMB as HMB plus one of the following clinical features appearing in the 12 months following first diagnosis: 1) inpatient stay for HMB, 2) iron deficiency anemia (ICD-9 codes 280.0, 280.8, 280.9), or 3) evidence of blood transfusion (CPT code 36430). We extracted data from Partners for Kids regarding patient age, county of residence, inpatient and outpatient diagnoses and procedures, and laboratory testing. By linking patient name and date of birth to electronic medical records at Nationwide Children's Hospital (the pediatric hemophilia treatment center for Central and Southeastern Ohio), we determined which patients had a hematology visit since time of first HMB diagnosis. Results Our study included 673 patients, 16% of whom met study definition for severe HMB. VWD screening occurred in only 10% of the total study population, but was significantly higher (24%) in patients with severe HMB (p <0.001). Patients living in Central Ohio (location of the region's hemophilia treatment center) were more likely to be screened for VWD (OR 2.1, p <0.03) than patients in Southeastern Ohio. When compared to 15–17 year olds, the youngest patients (aged 10–11 years) were more likely to be screened for VWD (OR 3.6, 95% C.I.: 1.6–8.1, p =0.002), and 12–14 year olds were also more likely to be screened than the oldest patients (OR 2.7, 95% C.I.: 1.5–4.8, p =0.001). Fifty-one (7.6%) patients were seen by the regional hemophilia treatment center. Almost 10% of all patients had a diagnosis of iron deficiency anemia, although only 26% of patients were screened for this common complication of HMB. Though only 3% of the study population (11% of the severe HMB population) was diagnosed with a bleeding disorder within 1 year of diagnosis of HMB, over a third of these (36%) were VWD. The prevalence of platelet function defects was similar to VWD. Discussion Despite recommendations by the American Congress of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, VWD screening is performed in a minority of adolescents with HMB, even among those with the most severe disease. Given the low rates of screening, our population reported frequencies of inherited bleeding disorders in adolescents with HMB are likely under-estimates. The low rate of screening for iron deficiency anemia in adolescents with HMB is also of concern. Future studies are needed to identify and overcome barriers to laboratory screening for inherited bleeding disorders in young women with HMB. 1. Laboratory Evaluation and Final Diagnoses in Adolescents with Heavy Menstrual Bleeding Disclosures: O'Brien: GSK: Consultancy, topic not relevant to this paper Other.
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Mathur, Anmol, Manish Jain, Koushal Jain, Mahima Samar, Balasubramanya Goutham, PrabuDurai Swamy, and Suhas Kulkarni. "Gingival recession in school kids aged 10-15 years in Udaipur, India." Journal of Indian Society of Periodontology 13, no. 1 (2009): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0972-124x.51889.
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Issahaku, Gyesi, Franklin Asiedu-Bekoe, Samuel Kwashie, Francis Broni, Paul Boateng, Holy Alomatu, Ekua Houphouet, Afua Asante, Donne Ameme, and Ernest Kenu. "Protracted cholera outbreak in the Central Region, Ghana, 2016." Ghana Medical Journal 54, no. 2 (August 31, 2020): 45–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/gmj.v54i2s.8.
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Objective: On 24th October 2016, the Central Regional Health Directorate received report of a suspected cholera outbreak in the Cape Coast Metropolis (CCM). We investigated to confirm the diagnosis, identify risk factors and implement control measures.Design: We used a descriptive study followed by 1:2 unmatched case-control study.Data source: We reviewed medical records, conducted active case search and contact tracing, interviewed case-patients and their contacts and conducted environmental assessment. Case-patients' stool samples were tested with point of care test kits (SD Bioline Cholera Ag 01/0139) and sent to the Cape Coast Teaching Hospital Laboratory for confirmation.Main outcomes: Cause of outbreak, risk factors associated with spread of outbreakResults: Vibrio cholerae serotype Ogawa caused the outbreak. There was no mortality. Of 704 case-patients, 371(52.7%) were males and 55(7.8%) were aged under-five years. The median age was 23 years (interquartile range: 16-32 years). About a third 248(35.2%) of the case patients were aged 15-24 years. The University of Cape Coast subdistrict was the epicenter with 341(48.44%) cases. Compared to controls, cholera case-patients were more likely to have visited Cholera Treatment Centers (CTC) (aOR=12.1, 95%CI: 1.5-101.3), drank pipe-borne water (aOR=11.7, 95%CI: 3.3-41.8), or drank street-vended sachet water (aOR=11.0, 95%CI: 3.7-32.9). Open defecation and broken sewage pipes were observed in the epicenter.Conclusion: Vibrio cholerae serotype Ogawa caused the CCM cholera outbreak mostly affecting the youth. Visiting CTC was a major risk factor. Prompt case-management, contact tracing, health education, restricting access to CTC and implementing water sanitation and hygiene activities helped in the control.Keywords: Cholera outbreak, Vibrio cholerae serotype Ogawa, Cholera treatment center, Water sanitation and hygiene, Cape Coast MetropolisFunding: This work was supported by Ghana Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Training Program (GFELTP), University of Ghana
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EZEKWE, A. G., and T. M. KAMALU. "AGE AND BODY WEIGHT AT PUBERTY IN MUTURU HEIFERS UNDER DIFFERENT FEEDING REGIMES." Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 27 (January 3, 2021): 12–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v27i.1554.
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Age and body weight at puberty were studied in two groups of Mutun helfen aged 4 to 7 months and comprising 13 heifers in each group. Group 1 heifers received nutritional supplementation et lating of a mixture of dry brewer's spent porin and palm kernel cake in a ratio of 1:1 addition to normal grazing. Group 1 theifers were grazed without any supplementation. From the age of 10 months and tasting for a period of 6 months, blood samples were collected twice weekly from each heifer via the jugular vein into heparinized Vacutabner tubes. Samples were centrifuged within 30 minutes of collection and the plasma stored frozen until assayed for progesterone using coat-2-count solid phase 125, radioimmunoassay kits. Body weights of all heifers were also recorded bi-weekly during the experimental period. Puberty was assumed to have occurred in any heifer when plasma progesterone values reached/exceeded i mg/ml. Results showed that Group 1 heifers were significantly younger (P< 0.01) at puberty than Group II heifers (12.25 + 0.20 months vs. 14.60+1.67 months) but their body weights did not differ significantly (90.50+ 1.82 kg & 85.20+ 0.87 kg for Groups I and II heifers, respectively). These results show that under improved feeding, puberty in Muturu heifers could be attained relatively at an early age. the first oestrus in the young female, is due to ovarian changes which are in turn controlled by complex endocrinological events. In the Mutury bull, Ezekwe (1992) observed that under improved husbandry and nutritional conditions, puberty was attained at an early age of 11 months and a body weight of 87 kg. The study also revealed that Muturu bulls could be used for breeding from the age of 15 months. Studies on female reproduction of indigenous Nigerian Cattle breed have concentrated largely on zebu (Bos indicus) cattle (Johnson and Gambo, 1979, Zakari et al., 1981; Oyedipe et al., 1982; Dawuda et al., 1989). There is thus a dearth of inforination on the reproductive characteristics such as puberty of indigenous Nigerian non-zebu cattle like the Muturu. The Muturu, which is the most widely distributed indigenous non-zebu cattle in the southeastern states of Nigeria, has a population of 42,000 out of an estimated total national population of 177,000. The Mutunu is highly tolerant to trypanosomiasis and is also well adapted to the hot humid conditions prevalent in the southern rainforest areas. Despite these obvious advantages, the Muturu is considered an endangered breed because of its rapidly declining numbers (Adeniyi, 1984). The need to document important aspects of its reproductive characteristics is therefore impelling. This study was thus undertaken to determine the age and body weight at which Muturu heifers attain puberty under improved husbandry and management conditions.
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Taylor, Susan, Belinda McLean, Torbjorn Falkmer, Leeanne M. Carey, Sonya Girdler, Catherine Elliott, and Eve Blair. "Assessing body sensations in children: Intra-rater reliability of assessment and effects of age." British Journal of Occupational Therapy 82, no. 3 (July 24, 2018): 179–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0308022618786933.
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Introduction This article examines the effect of age and gender on somatosensory capacity for children and adolescents, and provides preliminary normative data and reliability for the SenScreen© Kids, a new standardised measure of touch, wrist position sense and haptic object recognition. Method A cross-sectional study of 88 typically developing children aged 6–15 years (mean 10.3 years; SD 2.6 years) was used to determine the developmental effects of age and gender on somatosensory capacity. Intra-rater reliability was assessed in 22 of the 88 participants at two time points (mean 8.8 years; SD 2.6 years). Results Statistically significant differences were observed between age groups for tactile discrimination, wrist position sense and haptic object recognition, but not for touch registration for which all except one participant achieved a maximum score. There was no effect of gender. Three of four SenScreen Kids subtests demonstrated good intra-rater agreement between time points. Conclusions Somatosensory capacity increased with age for typically developing children aged 6–15 years. Three subtests of the SenScreen Kids demonstrated good intra-rater reliability with typically developing children. Further investigation of reliability is required, and all subtests require psychometric testing with clinical populations.
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Yu, Miaozhang, Jin Li, Xinzhuang Cui, Dedong Guo, and Xinjun Li. "Antiageing Performance Evaluation of Recycled Engine Oil Bottom Used in Asphalt Rejuvenation." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2019 (September 30, 2019): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/2947170.
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To comprehensively evaluate the antiageing performance of recycled engine oil bottom (REOB) used in asphalt rejuvenation, ageing performance studies were carried out on REOB, REOB-rejuvenated asphalt, and REOB-rejuvenated asphalt mixture. The thin film oven test (TFOT) results of REOB and a professional regenerant, RA5, were compared to verify the ageing resistance of REOB as an asphalt regenerant. The quality and viscosity of REOB-rejuvenated asphalt, RA5-rejuvenated asphalt, and base asphalt were measured after extended TFOT (ageing times for 5 h, 10 h, 15 h, 20 h, and 25 h), and the low-temperature performance of three aged asphalts was evaluated by bending beam rheological tests. The corresponding three kinds of asphalt mixtures were used to design and pave surface layers of a full-scale indoor test road. The long-term fatigue performance of indoor asphalt pavement was investigated by a self-developed rotary accelerated loading test (RALT) system. The results show that when used as an asphalt regenerant, REOB meets the antiageing requirements listed in the technical specification. The short-term (TFOT ageing time less than or equal to 10 h) ageing resistance of REOB-rejuvenated asphalt is better than that of RA5-rejuvenated asphalt but worse than that of base asphalt, whereas the long-term (TFOT ageing time greater than or equal to 15 h) ageing resistance of REOB-rejuvenated asphalt is the worst among the three tested asphalts. After long-term ageing, REOB-rejuvenated asphalt is prone to cracking at low temperatures because of its rapid increase in stiffness and sharp decrease in stress relaxation performance. Increasing temperatures increases the deflection value of asphalt pavement as the number of loading cycles increase. High-temperature ageing significantly aggravates the increase of the deflection value of REOB-rejuvenated asphalt pavement under RALT long-term loading, which makes it most prone to fatigue failure among the three pavements. Therefore, the above test results show that REOB used in asphalt pavement rejuvenation is prone to premature and excessive damage.
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Tohani, V. K., and B. Farrell. "Little importance placed on infants aged under 15 months." BMJ 310, no. 6973 (January 21, 1995): 192. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.310.6973.192a.
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Foley, Bridget C., Katherine B. Owen, William Bellew, Luke Wolfenden, Kathryn Reilly, Adrian E. Bauman, and Lindsey J. Reece. "Physical Activity Behaviors of Children Who Register for the Universal, State-Wide Active Kids Voucher: Who Did the Voucher Program Reach?" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 16 (August 6, 2020): 5691. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17165691.
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Active Kids is a government-led, universal voucher program that aims to reduce the cost of participation in structured physical activity for all school-enrolled children in New South Wales (NSW), Australia. As part of the Active Kids program evaluation, this cross-sectional study examined the Active Kids’ program’s reach to children in NSW and their physical activity behaviors, before voucher use. Demographic registration data from all children (4.5–18 years old) who registered for an Active Kids voucher in 2018 (n = 671,375) were compared with Census data. Binary and multinomial regression models assessed which correlates were associated with meeting physical activity guidelines and participation in the sessions of structured physical activity. The Active Kids program attracted more than half (53%) of all eligible children in NSW. Children who spoke a primary language other than English at home, were aged 15–18 years old, lived in the most disadvantaged areas, and girls, were less likely to register. Of the registered children, 70% had attended structured physical activity sessions at least once a week during the previous 12 months, whilst 19% achieved physical activity guidelines. Active Kids achieved substantial population reach and has the potential to improve children’s physical activity behaviors.
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Stepanyan, Hayk, William Hennrikus, Derek Flynn, and David Gendelberg. "Complex clavicle fractures in children: Kids are not little adults." Trauma 21, no. 1 (August 17, 2017): 35–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1460408617724815.
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Background The clavicle is the most commonly fractured bone in the body and accounts for 10–15% of all pediatric fractures. Adult patients with complete midshaft clavicle fractures often undergo surgical management. Pediatric patients have a thicker periosteum, more robust blood supply and a greater healing potential. Controversy exists as to whether to treat adolescents with surgery similar to adults versus with a sling as children are treated. Some orthopaedic surgeons are now operating on adolescent clavicle fractures. Objective The objective of the study was to evaluate the outcomes of displaced midshaft clavicle fractures in adolescent who were treated conservatively with a sling. Methods We performed a retrospective chart review of 25 pediatric patients aged 12–16 with complete midshaft clavicle fracture. The outcomes of the study were bony union and functional outcomes such as pain, problems with ADL measured by the modified Disability of Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (DASH) score. Results All patients in our cohort had excellent outcomes at follow-up visits with no complaints of pain or limitations of activities of daily living. Mean follow-up time was 12 months. All patients had perfect modified DASH score of 18. Injury radiographs demonstrated an average of 13 mm shortening initially and 8 mm shortening in final follow-up. Average fracture angulation at final follow-up was 15°. Normal clavicle angulation at the mid shaft is 8°. All clavicles healed completely with no case of malunion or non-union reported. Conclusion Clavicle fractures are common. Although operative treatment of clavicle fractures in the adult population is gaining popularity due to issues in adults with non-union and malunion, the adolescent population is different. The adolescent clavicle fracture demonstrates robust healing and remodeling and complete return to full function. We therefore recommend that adolescent patients aged 12–16 with complete clavicle fracture be treated conservatively with a sling.
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Josiane, Manirakiza, Hatungumukama Gilbert, and Detilleux Johann. "Genetic Parameters for Growth and Kid Survival of Indigenous Goat under Smallholding System of Burundi." Animals 10, no. 1 (January 15, 2020): 135. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani10010135.
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The goal of this study was to estimate genetic parameters for the growth, conformation, and survival of goat kids raised in smallholder farming systems in Burundi. To do this, measurements were taken on live weight, thoracic perimeter, length, and height at birth (n = 1538 animals), at 3 months (n = 1270 animals), at 6 months (n = 992 animals), at 9 months (n = 787 animals), and at 12 months (n = 705 animals). Kids were born between 2016 and 2019, from 645 dams and 106 bucks. Three bivariate animal models were used to estimate genetic parameters of body weight and conformation measurements as potential indicators of this weight. According to the measure, heritability was estimated between 15 and 17% and genetic correlations between 65 and 79%. An accelerated failure time animal model was used to estimate the heritability of survival for kids under one year, adjusted for birth weight. Goat survival was significantly prolonged by 0.64 days per kilogram of birth weight. The estimated heritability for this trait was 2%. Overall, these results suggest that a selection program could be implemented to improve animal growth, either directly on weight or indirectly on conformational traits. At the same time, efforts need to be made to improve rearing conditions to increase the survival of kids.
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Patterson, C. C., and D. R. Hadden. "Incidence of insulin dependent diabetes in children aged under 15." BMJ 302, no. 6782 (April 20, 1991): 960–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.302.6782.960-a.
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Evdokimov, V. I., I. G. Mosyagin, P. P. Sivashchenko, and N. A. Mukhina. "ANALYSIS OF MEDICAL AND STATISTICAL MEASURES OF MORBIDITY IN CONSCRIPTS OF THE NAVY AND GROUND FORCES OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION IN 2003–2018." Medicо-Biological and Socio-Psychological Problems of Safety in Emergency Situations, no. 3 (October 15, 2019): 15–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.25016/2541-7487-2019-0-3-15-51.
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Relevance. The Navy of Russia and the Ground Forces of Russia recieve new kinds of weapons, hence high requirements to the somatic and mental health of the conscripts.Intention: To analyze morbidity in conscripts of the Russian Navy and the Ground Forces in 2003–2018. Methodology. A selective statistical analysis was performed using medical reports on the state of health of personnel and activities of the medical service according to Form 3 / MED in military units, in which about 60 % of the total number of conscripts of the Armed Forces of Russia served in 2003–2018. Commonly accepted medical and statistical morbidity indicators were analyzed by disease categories of the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Health Problems, 10th revision.Results and Discussion. The average annual morbidity rates were (1833.3 ± 84.9) ‰ in conscripts of the Russian Navy and (2008.,0 ± 102.4) ‰ in conscripts of the Russian Ground Forces; primary morbidity rates were (1019.9 ± 54,8) and (1014.0 ± 79.2) ‰, respectively; the need for case follow up was (166.5 ± 19.0) and (128.2 ± 8.1) ‰, respectively; hospital admissions were (968.5 ± 71.3) and (1033.5 ± 89.6) ‰, respectively; work days lost (13,166 ± 7.99) and (11,104 ± 595) ‰, respectively (p < 0.01); dismissal rates were (33.38 ± 1.79) and (18.28 ± 1.66) ‰, respectively; mortality rates were (24.87 ± 5.12) and (50.67 ± 7.84) per 100 thou sand conscripts of the respective cohort (p < 0.05). With determination coefficients of various significance, the polynomial trends show an increase in primary and general morbidity, hospital admissions and work days lost, as well as decrease in dismissal rates and mortality rates. The trends in almost all morbidity types are moderately and statistically significantly consistent, suggesting the influence of uniderectional factors, for example, military professional ones. There is a functional consistency between mortality trends in Russian male population aged 20–24 and conscripts of the Russian Navy and Ground Forces (r = 0.83 and 0.87; p < 0.001), thus suggesting the influence of uniderectional factors, for example, of macro social, behavioural or other nature. In the co horts of conscripts under study, the leading disease categories from military epidemiological point of view were similar: respiratory diseases (ICD 10 category X) ranked 1st; injury, poisoning and certain other consequences of external causes (XIX) ranked 2nd; mental and behavioural disorders (V) ranked 3rd; diseases of the skin and subcutaneous tissue (XII) ranked 4th; diseases of the digestive system (XI) ranked 5th. In conscripts, the leading diseases from military epidemiological point of view were as follows: acute respiratory infections of the upper respiratory tract (J00–J06 by ICD 10); head injuries (S00–S09); injuries to unspecified part of trunk, limb or body region (T00–T07); diseases of oesophagus, stomach and duodenum (K20–К31). In the Navy conscripts, neurotic and stress related and somatoform disorders (F40–F48) played an important role; in conscripts of the Ground Forces, infections of the skin and subcutaneous tissue (L00–L08).Conclusion. Prevention, timely treatment and rehabilitation will help improve the health status of conscripts. Taking into account the rates and structure of morbidity will optimize allocation of resources the medical service of the Armed Forces of Russia.
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Melton, Heather C., and Summer Stewart. "Previously Unsubmitted Sexual Assault Kits: Characteristics of Kits with Victims under Eighteen." Abuse: An International Impact Journal 2, no. 1 (April 6, 2021): 21–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.37576/abuse.2021.016.
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1 ADD TO CART Sexual assault continues to be a major societal and criminal issue. Particularly detrimental is sexual assault committed against children. Children who experience a sexual assault are likely to suffer from multiple negative outcomes including increasing their risk for juvenile delinquency and mental health issues. A sexual assault kit is one tool that the criminal justice system uses to bring justice for victims and hold offenders accountable for their behaviour. It provides often vital evidence that can potentially be used in the prosecution of these cases. Yet it has become clear that many sexual assaults are never submitted to crime laboratories for processing. This paper explores previously unsubmitted sexual assault kits of child/adolescent victims. Characteristics of the victims, the case, and the police report are explored. Additionally, these kits are compared to kits with an adult victim to further our understanding of the problem. Findings include: over 20% of the unsubmitted sexual assault kits had a victim under 18, the highest number of unsubmitted kits for children were for victims between the ages of 15-17, the majority of child victims knew their offenders, and cases associated with child kits were more likely to be moved forward at the time of the original incident (without the kit being submitted) than adult cases. Ultimately, the goal is to improve our overall response to all victims of sexual assault.
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Metcalfe, M. A., and J. D. Baum. "Incidence of insulin dependent diabetes in children aged under 15: Authors' reply." BMJ 302, no. 6782 (April 20, 1991): 960–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.302.6782.960-b.
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Surina-Marysheva, E., V. Erlikh, S. Kantyukov, and K. Naumova. "PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGICAL FEATURES IN ELITE HOCKEY PLAYERS AGED 15–16." Human Sport Medicine 19, no. 1 (May 23, 2019): 36–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.14529/hsm190105.
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Aim. The article deals with studying the features of sensorimotor integration and movement coordination in elite hockey players aged 15–16. Materials and methods. A prospective longitudinal study was performed in the competitive phase of preparation. Hockey players aged 15–16 participated in the study (n = 36; attackers and defenders). The control group consisted of 16-year-old students from the college of physical education (n = 15). We performed an examination with the help of NS-PsychoTest software and hardware equipment (Russia, Neurosoft). We assessed the functional status of cortical centers of the nervous system, as well as the speed and accuracy of simple and complex eye-motor reactions. We determined the level of sensorimotor and voluntary movement coordination with the help of tremorometry. Results. Compared to peers, hockey players aged 15–16 possess a higher level of functional indicators under interference conditions (p < 0.05 in all cases) and a better indicator of the concentration of excitation (p < 0.001). Hockey players are characterized by a better speed and accuracy of reaction under interference conditions (p < 0.001 in all cases) and better reaction to a moving object (p < 0.05 in all cases). Compared to peers not-involved in sports, elite hockey players aged 15–16 are characterized by a higher level of voluntary movement coordination with a static form of muscle contraction (p < 0.01). Conclusion. The specific conditions of the competitive activity of hockey players aged 15–16 contribute to an increase in the efficiency of the central nervous system under interference conditions by improving the concentration of excitation. Sensorimotor integration of the players of this age is also distinguished by better predictive accuracy in reactions to a moving object. The parietal-premotor level of movement regulation in hockey players develops in accordance with age-related features, while specific physical loads influence the improvement of voluntary movement coordination with a static form of muscle contraction.
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Beaudouin, Florian, Roland Rössler, Karen aus der Fünten, Mario Bizzini, Jiri Chomiak, Evert Verhagen, Astrid Junge, et al. "Effects of the ‘11+ Kids’ injury prevention programme on severe injuries in children’s football: a secondary analysis of data from a multicentre cluster-randomised controlled trial." British Journal of Sports Medicine 53, no. 22 (October 2, 2018): 1418–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2018-099062.
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BackgroundTo assess the effects of the injury prevention programme ‘11+ Kids’ on reducing severe injuries in 7 to 13 year old football (soccer) players.MethodsFootball clubs (under-9, under-11 and under-13 age groups) from the Czech Republic, Germany, the Netherlands and Switzerland were cluster-randomised (clubs) into an intervention (INT) and a control group (CON). INT replaced their usual warm-up by ‘11+ Kids’ two times a week. CON followed their regular training regime. Match and training exposure and injury characteristics were recorded and injury incidence rates (IRs) and 95% CIs calculated. For the present analysis, only severe injuries (absence from training/match ≥28 days) were considered. Hazard ratios (HR) were calculated using extended Cox models.ResultsThe overall IR of severe injuries per 1000 football hours was 0.33 (95% CI 0.25 to 0.43) in CON and 0.15 (95% CI 0.10 to 0.23) in INT. There was a reduction of severe overall (HR 0.42, 95% CI 0.24 to 0.72), match (0.41, 0.17 to 0.95) and training injuries (0.42, 0.21 to 0.86) in INT. The injury types that were prevented the most were: other bone injuries 66%, fractures 49% and sprains and ligament injuries 37%. Severe injuries located at the knee (82%), hip/groin (81%), the foot/toe (80%) and the ankle (65%) were reduced tremendously.Conclusions‘11+ Kids’ has a large preventive effect on severe injuries by investing only 15 to 20 min per training session. The present results should motivate coaches to implement effective injury prevention programmes such as the ‘11+ Kids’ in children’s football.Trial registration numberNCT02222025.
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Osineye, O. M. "Effects of varying dietary zinc levels on energy and nitrogen utilization in West African dwarf kids." Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 42, no. 1 (December 31, 2020): 171–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v42i1.859.
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Zinc is an essential dietary mineral for growth and pregnancy in livestock. However, its requirement for indigenous livestock has not been given adequate attention. Therefore, zinc requirement for energy and nitrogen utilization in West African dwarf (WAD) kid was investigated. Forage crops and commercial rations from four different feed mills, were analyzed to provide baseline zinc levels to which goats were exposed. Twenty-one weaned WAD female kids, aged 5-6 months and weighing 4.8-5.6kg were randomly assigned to seven dietary treatments and were further replicated three times. in a completely randomized design. Animals were transferred to individual metabolic cages for separate collection of feaces and urine 14 and 15 weeks later. Parameters determined were dry matter intake (DMI), energy utilization and nitrogen utilization. The mean±SE of Panicum maximum, Andropogon gayanus, Pennisetum purpureum, Leucaena leucocephala and Gliricidia sepium, contained 31.2±5.0; 29.1± 3.0;34.6± 6.0; 45.0± 5.0 and 47.1± 4.0mg Zn/kg DM respectively. Growing WAD kids fed 134.0 mg/kg DM had significantly (p<0.05) higher DM1 (% of body weight) of 8.2 as compared with kids fed 44.0, 104.0, 164.0, 194.0, 224.0 and 254.0mg Zn/kg DM which recorded 7.7, 7.9, 7.4, 7.3, 7.1 and 4.3 % respectively. This trend was observed for energy utilization (77.40) which was significantly (p<0.05) higher than other dietary treatments which recorded 74.40. 75.20. 70.10, 65.37, 64.10 and 49.42 respectively. Animals on dietary Zn content of 134.0ppm and 164.0ppm recorded the lowest feed conversion ratio of 6.00. Therefore, growing WAD kids required 134mgZn/kg DM for optimal growth and physiological performance.
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Okubo, K., M. Gotoh, and M. Okuda. "Prevalence of Japanese cedar pollinosis in children aged under 15 years throughout Japan." Clinical Experimental Allergy Reviews 4, no. 1 (August 2004): 31–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1472-9725.2004.00026.x.
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Marci, Tatiana, Ughetta Moscardino, Francesca Lionetti, Alessandra Santona, and Gianmarco Altoé. "Using Harter and Likert Response Formats in Middle Childhood: A Comparison of Attachment Measures." Assessment 27, no. 8 (March 15, 2019): 1821–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1073191119836497.
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Self-report questionnaires based on Harter’s response format (“Some kids . . . but other kids . . . ”) are commonly used in developmental and clinical research settings, but the reliability and validity of this format in middle childhood are still under debate. The current study aimed to test the psychometric proprieties of Harter versus Likert response formats as applied to two attachment questionnaires in a sample of 410 Italian children aged 8 to 10 years. Participants completed the Experiences in Close Relationships–Revised Child version ( n = 102, 4-point Likert-type scale; n = 104, adapted Harter version) and the Security Scale ( n = 95, Harter’s format; n = 109 adapted 4-point Likert version). Results of multigroup confirmatory factor analyses indicated that the two response formats exhibited comparable reliability and factorial validity, although a slight superiority of Harter’s format emerged for the Security Scale. External validity was supported for both answer formats. Implications for developmental theory and practice are discussed.
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Majele Sibanda, L., M. J. Bryant, and L. R. Ndlovu. "Responses of Matebele goats of Zimbabwe to feeding level: Lactation." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Production (1972) 1992 (March 1992): 96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0308229600022078.
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Under conventional husbandry conditions, kid mortality of Matabele goats is highest in the dry season when feed is scarce. The aim of this experiment was to determine maternal and kid responses to feeding levels during lactation.The work was carried out at the Thuli Breeding Station, in Matebeleland, south western Zimbabwe. Forty-two Matebele goats that were fed differentially (H, M and L levels) pre-partum, were fed at either HL (1 ME MJ/W0.75) or LL (0.60 ME MJ/W0.75) as from the second week of lactation until week 15. All the does had single kids. The allocation to lactation treatments was balanced for pre-partum feeding levels. Maize grain, lucerne hay and veld hay were offered at 0.2, 0.24 and 0.56 of the total ME per treatment. Drinking water and an iodized mineral lick were available to all goats ad libitum. Feed intake was measured daily. The does and kids were weighed weekly; does were also body condition scored (on a scale of 1-10) at each weighing. The does were hand-milked weekly after separation of the kids for 4 hours (0900-1300). The milk was weighed and a sub-sample preserved for subsequent chemical analysis.
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Skryabina, Yelena V., Yuriy S. Astakhov, Yanina S. Konenkova, Tatiana S. Varganova, Vladimir P. Petukhov, Kseniya V. Nokhrina, and Kaleriya O. Dnestryanskaya. "Clinical care of acanthamoeba keratitis patients." Ophthalmology journal 10, no. 4 (December 15, 2017): 24–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/ov10424-31.
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Recently, akanthamoeba keratitis (AK) is seen more and more often in ophthalmological practice. However, today there are no standard guidelines concerning diagnosis and treatment of patients with AK. In the article, the experience in care for such patients is presented. Purpose: to estimate the efficiency of diagnosis and treatment of patients with AK. Materials and methods. Case histories of patients, who received treatment for akanthamoeba keratitis in the Eye Microsurgery Department No. 4, City Ophthalmologic Center of the City Hospital No. 2, from 2011 to 2016, were analyzed. Under observation, there were 25 patients (26 eyes) with akanthamoeba keratitis aged from 18 to 77 years; there were 15 men and 10 women. Patients were observed during 1 year. Full ophthalmologic examination was conducted in all patients. Additional diagnostic methods included microbiological investigation of corneal scrapes and washings, culturing them on innutritious agar (with E. сoli covering), confocal corneal microscopy (HRT 3 with cornea module, Heidelberg Retina Tomograph Rostock Cornea Module). A superficial punctate keratits (AK stage 2) was found in one patient. All other patients were divided into two groups. Stromal ring-shaped keratitis was diagnosed in patients of the first group (7 patients, AK stage 3). The 2nd group consisted of 17 patients with corneal ulcer (AK stage 4). All patients received medicamentous treatment. However patients of the 2nd group required different kinds of surgical treatment. Results. In AK diagnosis, corneal confocal microscopy is the most informative method. In patients with AK stages 2 and 3, there was an improvement in visual functions as a result of medicamentous therapy. As a result of treatment at the discharge from the hospital, the best corrected visual acuity was 0.5-1.0 for most patients. In the 2nd group patients, who were subjects to different types of surgical treatment visual functions stabilized. However non-compliance with recommendations led to disease recurrences with worse outcomes in four cases. Conclusion. It is possible to stop the inflammatory process preserving at the same time high visual functions only when patients are addressed in time, and when appropriate AK therapy is prescribed and patients are compliant with it for a long time. (For citation: Skryabina YeV, Yu.S. Astakhov YuS, Konenkova YaS, et al. Clinical care of acanthamoeba keratitis patients. Ophthalmology Journal. 2017;10(4):24-31. doi: 10.17816/OV10424-31).
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Korobchansky, V. O., and O. S. Bogachova. "HYGIENIC CHARACTERISTICS OF INFLUENCE OF TRAINING CONDITIONS ON THE HEALTH STATUS OF PUPILS OF PROFESSIONAL AGRARIAN LYCEUM." Medical Science of Ukraine (MSU) 13, no. 3-4 (November 30, 2018): 63–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.32345/2664-4738.3-4.2017.10.
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Relevance. Adolescent’s health has largely determined by socio-hygienic parameters of life and studying process and teenagers studied at vocational agrarian lyceums are particular layer of society, characterized by a set of risk factors of various kinds, potentially dangerous to health, this fact makes the problem of maintaining the pupil’s health of this group particularly relevant.
Objective. To study the health of adolescents – pupils of the professional agrarian lyceum and to identify the risk factors of the educational and industrial environment that can adversely affect their health.
Materials and methods. Under direct supervision, there were 131pupils (128 male, 3 female gender), aged 15-18 years, who master various agricultural professions at Odnorobivskiy professional agrarian lyceum (Zolochiv district, Kharkiv region). Training conditions were investigated by the method of hygienic inspection in conformity with the current sanitary standards. Characteristics of pupil’s life activity were given according to the questionnaire "Mode of life". The state of pupil’s health was studied on the results of thorough medical examinations, indicators of acute and chronic morbidity, followed by distribution by groups of health.
Results. The educational state of pathological defeats of pupils can be estimated as the result of prolonged, uncontrolled effects on the body of teenagers such negative factors as insufficient illumination areas, disorders of diet, lack of diversity and usefulness of the diet, widespread disturbance of regime-organizational learning and disorders in the structure of free time, hypodynamia, as well as the influence of the complex of negative factors of the educational-production regimen and professionally determined factors. Negative facts in the pupil’s life were: breach of requirements for catering (48%), disorders of the day regimen (46%), low motor activity (51%).
Conclusions: A significant disadvantage was inadequate illumination of training and production premises, which is a significant negative factor that can adversely affects the pupil’s functional health cause premature fatigue and strain that together are as a risk factor of dysadaptation states and further disorders by visual analyzer. The observed pathological disorders of this contingent and increasing the percentage of certain classes of diseases can be negative factor, able to significantly reduce and complicate the adaptation process to the educational and professional regimen that requires the development of a comprehensive system of prophylactic measures to prevent the development of disease of pupils, during the education at professional agrarian lyceum.
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Wonoputri, Nathania, Julistio T. B. Djais, and Ina Rosalina. "Validity of Nutritional Screening Tools for Hospitalized Children." Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism 2014 (2014): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/143649.
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Background. Malnutrition in hospitalized children can be prevented if children with risk of malnutrition are identified. Every hospital is recommended to have a standard nutritional screening tool. Numerous simple screening tools have been developed, namely Paediatric Yorkhill Malnutrition Score (PYMS), Screening Tool for the Assessment of Malnutrition in Paediatrics (STAMP), and Screening Tool for Risk on Nutritional Status and Growth (STRONG-kids). None has been accepted as a universal tool. Our study aims to determine the best screening tools compared to Subjective Global Nutrition Assessment (SGNA), an assessment tool which is more complex as our gold standard.Methods. This diagnostic study involved 116 patients aged 1–15 years. Three screening tools and SGNA were examined to each subject. Statistical analysis was used to determine sensitivity, specificity, and likelihood ratio (LR) by results from screening tools divided into low and moderate-high risk of malnutrition compared to results from SGNA divided into no and moderate-severe malnutrition.Results. PYMS showed superior agreement to SGNA resulting in sensitivity 95.32%, specificity 76.92%, positive LR 4.13, and negative LR 0.061. STAMP resulted in sensitivity, specificity, positive LR, and negative LR, respectively, as 100%, 11.54%, 1.13, and 0 and STRONG-kids resulted in 100%, 7.7%, 1.083, and 0.Conclusion. PYMS was the most reliable screening tool.
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Gruodytė-Račienė, Rita, and Viktorija Tamulaitė. "VAIKŲ JUDĖJIMO ĮGŪDŽIŲ KAITA IKIMOKYKLINIO UGDYMO ĮSTAIGŲ UGDYTOJŲ KVALIFIKACIJOS ASPEKTU [MOTOR SKILLS DEVELOPMENT ALTERATIONS OF PRE-SCHOOL AGED CHILDREN IN RELATION TO QUALIFICATION OF EDUCATORS]." ŠVIETIMAS: POLITIKA, VADYBA, KOKYBĖ / EDUCATION POLICY, MANAGEMENT AND QUALITY 10, no. 2 (December 5, 2018): 63–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.48127/spvk-epmq/18.10.63.
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The aim of this study was to investigate motor skills development of 5-6-year-aged children in relation to educator’s qualification. The participants were 16 boys and 14 girls of the pre-school groups in the kindergarten. Two teachers (both females over 50 years of age) were giving their usual physical education (PE) lessons (45 min x twice a week) during the study period. Teacher of group 1 (G1; n=15) had a qualification of a general educator, and had other educational activities and duties with her group. Teacher of group 2 (G2; n=15) was a specialist of PE and had PE lessons for kids, only. The motor skills development was tested at baseline (T1) and repeated after six months (T2). To investigate children motor skill development, the battery of the Test of Gross Motor Development-2 (TGMD2) was used. The testings were filmed using a digital camera for a later evaluation analysis. All testing and evaluation procedures were performed by the same exercise expert. The intra- and inter- group differences were performed using t-test where testing occasion (T1, T2) was considered as a dependent variable, and group (G1, G2) – as an independent variable. The percent analysis was used in evaluating the performance of motor skills development tasks. Over the six month course significant and greater improvements were observed in running and object catching skills in children who had PE educator classes comparing to those who had PE classes of a general educator (p<0.05). A tendency of significant changes to be achieved in the skills such as kicking and throwing an object was also observed in G2 (p=0.06-0.07). We may conclude that the impact of an educator, specialized in PE, for improvement of locomotive and non-locomotive motor skills development of children is greater than that of a general educator of kindergarten kids. Keywords: pre-school children, Physical Education, locomotive skills, non-locomotive skills, TGMD2
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Jones, Harvey P., Renee R. Testa, Nola Ross, Marc L. Seal, Christos Pantelis, and Bruce Tonge. "The Melbourne Assessment of Schizotypy in Kids: A Useful Measure of Childhood Schizotypal Personality Disorder." BioMed Research International 2015 (2015): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/635732.
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Despite being identified as a high risk cohort for psychosis, there has been relatively little research on the clinical presentation and assessment of Schizotypal Personality Disorder (SPD) in childhood. The current study aimed to develop a measure of childhood SPD (Melbourne Assessment of Schizotypy in Kids (MASK)) and assess discriminant validity against another neurodevelopmental disorder, autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Sixty-eight children aged between 5 and 12 (21 SPD, 15 ASD, and 32 typically developing) and their parents were administered the MASK. The MASK is a 57-item semistructured interview that obtains information from the child, their parents, and the clinician. The results showed high internal consistency for the MASK and higher scores in the SPD group. A factor analysis revealed two MASK factors: social/pragmatic symptoms and positive schizotypal symptoms. Both factors were associated with SPD, while only the social/pragmatic factor was associated with ASD. Within the two clinical groups, a receiver operating characteristic curve showed that the MASK (cut-off score: 132 out of 228) was a good indicator of SPD diagnosis. These preliminary MASK findings were reliable and consistent and suggest that childhood SPD is characterised by complex symptomology distinguishable from ASD.
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Draper, Brian M., and Annette Koschera. "Do Older People Receive Equitable Private Psychiatric Service Provision Under Medicare?" Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 35, no. 5 (October 2001): 626–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0004867010060511.
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Objective: The objective of this study is to determine the 1998 rates, types, regional variation and Medicare expenditure of private psychiatry services for older people in Australia, as compared with younger adults and with 1985–1986 data. Method: Medicare Benefits Schedule Item Statistics for the psychiatric item numbers 300–352 and item 14224 were obtained from the Health Insurance Commission for each State and Territory. The items were examined in the age groups 15–64 years, 65 years and over and 75 years and over. Main outcome measures were per capita service provision by age group, State and Territory and Medicare expenditure by age group. Results: During 1998, 6.4% (5765.6 per 100 000) of private psychiatric services were to patients aged > 64 years. Patients aged 15–64 received 2.7 times the number of psychiatric services per capita than patients > 64 and 3.6 times that of patients aged > 74 years. Patients aged > 64 received more hospital and nursing home consultations, home visits and electroconvulsive therapy per capita, while younger adults used more office-based consultations, longer consultations, and group therapy. Victoria had the highest per capita rate (7659.2 per 100 000) and the Northern Territory the lowest (540.4 per 100 000), although the highest proportion of services to older patients was in Western Australia. Per capita the proportion of Medicare expenditure allocated to adults aged less than 65 years was 4.1 times that for adults over 64 years. Conclusions: Private psychiatric service provision to older people is inequitable when compared with younger adults. The proportion of Medicare private psychiatry expenditure on older adults has declined since 1985–1986.
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Masliak, I. P., and M. A. Mameshina. "Physical health of schoolchildren aged 14-15 years old under the influence of differentiated education." Pedagogics, psychology, medical-biological problems of physical training and sports 22, no. 2 (April 30, 2018): 92. http://dx.doi.org/10.15561/18189172.2018.0205.
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Kerlin, Bryce A., Roshni Kulkarni, Beatrice Nolan, Michael Wang, K. John Pasi, Raina Liesner, Simon Brown, et al. "Long-Term Efficacy of rFVIIIFc Prophylaxis in Pediatric, Adolescent, and Adult Subjects with Target Joints and Severe Hemophilia A." Blood 126, no. 23 (December 3, 2015): 3520. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v126.23.3520.3520.
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Abstract Background: The phase 3 A-LONG and Kids A-LONG studies demonstrated the safety and efficacy of recombinant FVIII Fc fusion protein (rFVIIIFc) for control and prevention of bleeding episodes in subjects with severe hemophilia A. The ongoing rFVIIIFc extension study, ASPIRE (Clinicaltrials.gov #NCT01454739), evaluates long-term safety and efficacy of rFVIIIFc in adults/adolescents and children who completed A-LONG and Kids A-LONG, respectively. Aims: To evaluate the long-term efficacy of rFVIIIFc in subjects with target joints at entry into the parent studies (A-LONG, Kids A-LONG). Methods: A-LONG and Kids A-LONG were Phase 3, open-label, multicenter studies in males aged ≥12 years (A-LONG) or <12 years (Kids A-LONG) with severe hemophilia A (<1 IU/dL endogenous FVIII activity) and prior FVIII treatment. Subjects in A-LONG were enrolled into 1 of 3 arms: Arm 1, individualized prophylaxis (IP); Arm 2, weekly prophylaxis (WP); or Arm 3, episodic treatment. All Kids A-LONG subjects received rFVIIIFc prophylaxis. Upon completing A-LONG or Kids A-LONG, eligible subjects could enroll in ASPIRE. There are 4 treatment groups in ASPIRE: IP; WP; modified prophylaxis (MP; for subjects in whom optimal dosing could not be achieved with individualized or weekly prophylaxis); or episodic treatment. Subjects can change treatment groups upon entry or at any point during ASPIRE. Subjects aged ≥12 years can participate in any treatment group; subjects aged <12 years can participate in the individualized and modified prophylaxis groups only. Self-reported prestudy 12-month bleeding history and on-study annualized bleeding rate (ABR), including overall ABR and ABR in target joints present at baseline were evaluated. The current analysis evaluated subjects with ≥1 target joint (major joint with ≥3 bleeding episodes in a 6-month period) at entry into the parent study with available prestudy and on-study data. Outcomes were analyzed over the cumulative duration of the parent study through the ASPIRE interim datacut (January 6, 2014). Subjects were evaluated in each treatment group they participated in, for the duration they were in that treatment group (because of the ability to switch groups, subjects may be included in >1 group). Results: The analyzed population included 111 adult/adolescent and 13 pediatric subjects with target joints at entry into A-LONG and Kids A-LONG, respectively. Median (range) cumulative duration of treatment with rFVIIIFc on A-LONG/ASPIRE was 110 (24-162), 79 (2-110), 80 (45-86), and 33 (16-116) weeks for the IP (n = 82), WP (n = 26), MP (n = 12), and episodic treatment (n = 18) groups, respectively; for Kids A-LONG/ASPIRE, median (range) duration was 51 (22-58) and 16 weeks for the IP (n = 13) and MP (n = 1) prophylaxis groups, respectively. Among 111 A-LONG subjects, there were 287 target joints at baseline (located in the elbow [n = 100; 34.8%], ankle [n = 92; 32.1%], knee [n = 63; 22.0%], shoulder [n = 17; 5.9%], wrist [n = 9; 3.1%], and hip [n = 6; 2.1%]). Among 13 Kids A-LONG subjects, there were 15 target joints at baseline (located in the ankle [n = 10; 66.7%], elbow [n = 4; 26.7%], and knee [n = 1; 6.7%]). In subjects with target joints at baseline, median on-study overall ABRs with rFVIIIFc prophylaxis for adults/adolescents (Fig. 1A) and children (Fig. 1B) tended to be lower than prestudy bleeding rates. On-study, both provoked and spontaneous target joint median ABRs were low. A total of 47.6%, 42.3%, and 41.7% of subjects in the IP, WP, and WP groups, respectively, had no target joint bleeding episodes during A-LONG/ASPIRE; for Kids A-LONG subjects, 53.8% of subjects in the IP group had no target joint bleeding episodes on-study. Median average total weekly rFVIIIFc prophylactic doses and median dosing intervals during A-LONG/ASPIRE and Kids A-LONG/ASPIRE for subjects with target joints at baseline were similar to those for the overall study populations. Summary/Conclusion: For subjects with target joints at baseline, efficacy data from the phase 3 and extension trials suggest that long-term use of extended half-life rFVIIIFc prophylaxis is effective for prevention of target joint bleeding. Disclosures Kerlin: Bayer Healthcare US and Novo Nordisk: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; CSL Behring: Research Funding. Kulkarni:Baxter: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; Bayer: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; Novo Nordisk: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Pfizer: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Kedrion: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; BPL: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Biogen: Research Funding, Speakers Bureau. Nolan:Biogen and Sobi: Research Funding. Wang:Biogen: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; CSL Behring: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Baxalta: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Novo Nordisk: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees. Pasi:Octapharma: Research Funding; Biogen, Octapharma, Genzyme, and Pfizer: Consultancy, Honoraria. Liesner:Sobi: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding. Brown:Biogen, Novo Nordisk, Baxter, and Pfizer: Other: Sponsorship to meeting. Hanabusa:Novo Nordisk, Baxalta, Bayer, Pfizer, Biogen, and KaketsuKen: Honoraria; Novo Nordisk, Baxalta, KaketsuKen, and Biogen: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees. Tsao:Biogen: Employment, Equity Ownership. Allen:Biogen: Employment, Equity Ownership.
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Martins, Maria Helena, and Vanessa Clemente Neto. "Resilience and self concept of competence in institutionalized and non institutionalized young people." PSICOLOGIA 30, no. 2 (December 7, 2016): 61–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.17575/rpsicol.v30i2.1122.
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The institutionalization of young people may have important negative influence on their development and emotional well‑being. The aim of this study was to analyze the relations between resilience and the self‑concept of competence in institutionalized and non‑institutionalized young people. The sample was composed of 158 young people, aged between 15 and 18 years old. The following instruments were used: a socio-demographic questionnaire, the Healthy Kids Resilience Assessment Module and the Self‑Concept of Competence Scale. The results showed: (1) no significant differences between the two groups in terms of resilience; (2) the non‑institutionalized sample revealed higher scores on the self‑concept competence; and (3) there was a strong positive correlation between resilience and self‑concept of competence amongst the institutionalized sample. These results are discussed in the light of the constructivist perspective of resilience.
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Ward, Chris, Gwenda Hughes, Holly D. Mitchell, and Karen E. Rogstad. "Association between STI and child sexual exploitation in children under 16 years old attending sexual health clinics in England: findings from a case–control study." Sexually Transmitted Infections 95, no. 6 (April 17, 2019): 412–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/sextrans-2018-053842.
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ObjectiveChild sexual exploitation (CSE) can be difficult to identify, as there may be few reliable indicators. Although they may be used in decision-making, there is no evidence that STIs are predictors of CSE. We investigated the relationship between STI presentation at sexual health clinics (SHCs) and CSE.MethodsSHCs with 18 or more children aged 13–15 years old with STI diagnoses in 2012 were identified using the Genitourinary Medicine Clinic Activity Data Set STI Surveillance System. Cases with confirmed bacterial or protozoal STIs were matched by age, gender and clinic with non-STI controls. Lead clinicians were asked to complete an online questionnaire on CSE-related risk factors of cases and controls irrespective of STI presence. Associations between STI outcome and CSE-related risk factors were analysed using conditional logistic regression.ResultsData were provided on 466 children aged 13–15 years old; 414 (89%) were female, 340 (80%) were aged 15, 108 (23%) were aged 14, and 18 (3.9%) were aged 13 years. In matched univariate analysis, an STI diagnosis was significantly associated with ‘highly-likely/confirmed’ CSE (OR 3.87, p=0.017) and safeguarding concerns (OR 1.94, p=0.022). Evidence of an association between STI diagnosis and ‘highly-likely/confirmed’ CSE persisted after adjustment for partner numbers and prior clinic attendance (OR 3.85, p=0.053).ConclusionPresentation with bacterial or protozoal STIs in children aged 13–15 years old at SHCs may be considered a potential marker for CSE. It would be prudent to consider CSE, indepth assessment and potential referral for any children under 16 years old presenting with a bacterial or protozoal STI.
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Freeman, E., and P. Anglewicz. "HIV prevalence and sexual behaviour at older ages in rural Malawi." International Journal of STD & AIDS 23, no. 7 (July 2012): 490–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/ijsa.2011.011340.
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Research on HIV infection and sexual behaviour in sub-Saharan Africa typically focuses on individuals aged 15–49 years under the assumption that both become less relevant for older individuals. We test this assumption using data from rural Malawi to compare sexual behaviour and HIV infection for individuals aged 15–49 with individuals aged 50–64 and 65 and over years. Although general declines with age were observed, levels of sexual activity and HIV remained considerable: 26.7% and 73.8% of women and men aged 65+ reported having sex in the last year, respectively; men's average number of sexual partners remained above one; and HIV prevalence is significantly higher for men aged 50–64 (8.9%) than men aged 15–49 (4.1 %). We conclude that older populations are relevant to studies of sexual behaviour and HIV risk. Their importance is likely to increase as access to antiretrovirals in Africa increases. We recommend inclusion of adults aged over 49 years in African HIV/AIDS research and prevention efforts.
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Worrall-Davies, Anne. "Childhood diabetes: a practical guide for child psychiatrists." Advances in Psychiatric Treatment 4, no. 5 (September 1998): 305–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/apt.4.5.305.
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Diabetes mellitus in childhood is almost always insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM). The UK prevalence is 1 in 600 children under 16 years of age (Metcalfe & Baum, 1991) and the incidence is 13.5 new cases per 100 000 children per year aged 15 years and under. One quarter of newly diagnosed cases in the UK are under the age of five years, half are aged between 10 and 14 years.
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Dewantara, Hendi, and Ismaniar Ismaniar. "Logical Thinking Improvement in Children Aged 5 to 6 Years Through Pop-Up Book." SPEKTRUM: Jurnal Pendidikan Luar Sekolah (PLS) 9, no. 3 (August 31, 2021): 384. http://dx.doi.org/10.24036/spektrumpls.v9i3.113718.
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The study was set back by the children's low logic ability of 5-6 years age at nagari muaro, sijunjung district. One of the key factors that led to the alleged lack of interesting learning facilities /media. This study is aimed at seeing an increase in logical thinking ability in children as young as 5-6 years of age through the use of pop-up book media in the family at nagari muaro, sijunjung district. The type of research is quantitative using pseudo-experiment methods (quasi exsperiment) with pretest design and posttest. The research population is 15 people. While the sample of the six selected kids from jorong Pematang Sari Bulan, sampling retrieval techniques are used sampling samples. The data analysis USES t-test samples samples. As a result of the conclusion to the data collection and management, 1) before being given actions (pretests) the most logical thinking ability of children is seen but inconsistently, this is seen from tests given by researchers ata time when the pretesting of children is more questionable. 2) after being given a posttest of logical thinking ability, children are characterized at the most consistent level, as indicated by tests given by researchers during posttest sessions, children are more able to answer. 3) there is a sophisticated difference between pretest results and posttests after a child has used inside pop-up book media
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Illavarason, P., J. Arokia Renjit, and P. Mohan Kumar. "Performance Evaluation of Visual Therapy Method Used for Cerebral Palsy Rehabilitation." Journal of Medical Imaging and Health Informatics 8, no. 9 (December 1, 2018): 1804–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jmihi.2018.2515.
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Cerebral Palsy (CP) is a non progressive neurological disorders commonly associated with a spectrum of developmental disabilities such as strabismus (misalignment of eye). In this study, by quantitatively assess the performance analysis of Visual Therapy Method used for CP children. By capturing the Eye Movement of 25 children with CP (aged 3–15 years) with relatively mild motor-impairment and also analyzed the performance of CP children periodically. The Eye image are captured through camera, this make the quick diagnosis and examination the periodical assessment of CP kids. By Visual Therapy Function the CP children vision improvement develops as fast as or even faster. Proposed area of the research segments the eye image into Pupil, Iris, Eyelids and Eye corner detection using different image processing algorithms as well as measure the deviation position of pupil for abnormal eyes taking the normal eye as the reference or threshold value. To further enhance these compare deviation Position of the normal and the abnormal eyes and to find the severity affection of abnormal eye and to measure the performance improvement achievement by Visual Therapy Method for CP rehabilitation. The improvement analyzed for CP kids were maintained and recorded for the periodical month of Initial, 6th and 12th month. As a result, the Physicians can use this report to guide the CP kids in Rehabilitation Center and also this image processing technique offers the greater flexibility for the prospective subjects of improvement in CP Rehabilitation by Visual Therapy Method. In this context, Image processing techniques are being recommended as a performance evaluation tool in children with CP and each of these processes are suggesting method for developing a more systematic understanding of Oculomotor abnormalities.
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Perucha, M., E. Ramalle-Gómara, M. E. Lezaun, A. Blanco, C. Quiñones, M. Blasco, M. A. Gonzalez, et al. "A measles outbreak in children under 15 months of age in La Rioja, Spain, 2005-2006." Eurosurveillance 11, no. 10 (October 1, 2006): 3–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.2807/esm.11.10.00649-en.
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This paper describes a measles outbreak in La Rioja, Spain, which began in December 2005 and mainly affected children under 15 months of age who were not yet immunised with MMR vaccine. The measles cases were detected by the mandatory reporting system, under which laboratories must report every confirmed measles case. Cases were classified in accordance with the National Measles Elimination Plan: suspected and laboratory-confirmed. In the period 14 December 2005 to 19 February 2006, 29 suspected cases of measles were investigated, and 18 were confirmed. The mean incubation period was 13.8 days (range: 9 to 18). Of the 18 confirmed cases, only two were in adults. MMR vaccination was recommended for all household contacts, as well as for children aged 6 to 14 months who attended the daycare centres where the cases had appeared. At these centres, the second dose of MMR was administered ahead of schedule for children under three years of age. It was recommended that the first dose of MMR vaccine be administered ahead of schedule for all children aged 9 to 14 months. During an outbreak of measles, children aged 6 months or older, who have not previously been vaccinated against measles, mumps and rubella, should receive a first dose as soon as possible, and those who have had a first dose should receive a second dose as soon as possible, provided that a minimum of one month has elapsed between the two doses
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Haeghebaert, S., V. Vaillant, and B. Decludt. "Surveillance of haemolytic uraemic syndrome in children under 15 years of age in France in 1998." Eurosurveillance 5, no. 6 (June 1, 2000): 68–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.2807/esm.05.06.00032-en.
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Data from a national network of paediatric nephrology departments in France suggest that the incidence of haemolytic uraemic syndrome (HUS) in 1998 was 0.7 cases per 100 000 children aged under 15 years and that cases occur sporadically. Six out of 85 cas
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Pinczewski, Leo A., Matthew Morgan, Lucy J. Salmon, Alison Waller, Simon Thompson, and Justin P. Roe. "15 Year Survival Of Endoscopic Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction In Patients Aged 18 Years And Under." Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine 3, no. 3_suppl (March 23, 2015): 2325967115S0000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2325967115s00007.
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Lasjaunias, Pierre, Siddharta Wuppalapati, Hortensia Alvarez, Georges Rodesch, and Augustin Ozanne. "Intracranial aneurysms in children aged under 15 years: review of 59 consecutive children with 75 aneurysms." Child's Nervous System 21, no. 6 (April 15, 2005): 437–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00381-004-1125-x.
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Zuo, Dr Zhiyi. "Rising Complication Rates after Intrathecal Catheter and Pump Placement in the Pediatric Population: Analysis of National Data Between 1997 and 2006." Pain Physician 1;15, no. 1;1 (January 14, 2012): 65–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.36076/ppj.2012/15/65.
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Background: Intrathecal delivery of baclofen (ITB) is effective at controlling spasticity. However, it requires the placement of a catheter into the intrathecal space, and a pump with a reservoir for the medication. The process of placing the catheter and pump are prone to complications. Objectives: The objective of this paper is to determine factors contributing to rising complication rates after intrathecal catheter/pump placement in a national sample of pediatric patients. Study Design: This was a retrospective observational database study. Methods: We queried the Kids’ Inpatient Database for all children greater than 4 years old and under 20 years old for the years 1997, 2000, 2003, and 2006 who had an intrathecal catheter and pump placed. We then compared demographics and hospital characteristics of patients with and without complications. We performed univariate and multivariate analyses to determine the relative contribution of various factors to the development of complications. Results: We identified 2,843 patients who met our criteria, and 514 of these patients had one or more complications after placement of intrathecal pump/catheter. There were 1.14 complications per patient. The complication rate was 10.2% in 1997, and increased to 21.9% in 2006. Mechanical complications were the most common type of complication in this population, account for nearly two-thirds of all complications occurring. Age, hospital type, hospital size, and admission source were independent predictors of complications. Limitations: We did not have access to ASA status, operative details, and access to patient charts. Conclusions: Complication rates after placement of intrathecal pump/catheters have increased in the pediatric population between 1997 and 2006 mainly due to an increase in mechanical complications. Key words: Intrathecal, baclofen, catheter, pediatric, kids, complications, spasticity
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Hassan, Yang Rafidah, Kwan Lok Tse, Balvinder Khambay, Ricky Wing Kit Wong, Min Gu, and Yanqi Yang. "Dental Arch Relationships and Reverse Headgear Effects in Southern Chinese Patients with Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate." Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal 55, no. 7 (February 26, 2018): 925–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1597/15-155.
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Objective: To evaluate the severity of the dental arch relationships and the treatment outcomes of reverse headgear (RHG) in southern Chinese patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP). Design: A retrospective study. Setting: Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong. Patients: Thirty-eight UCLP patients with complete records. Among them, 14 were later treated with RHG (RHG group) and 24 were under review (non-RHG group) before definitive orthodontic or in conjunction with orthognathic surgery. Interventions: Study models at T1 (aged 9.4 ± 0.4 years old), prebone grafting and before any orthodontic treatment started; T2 (aged 11.3 ± 0.6 years old), after bone grafting, and RHG treatment (RHG group) or under review (non-RHG group); and T3 (aged 15.3 ± 3.2 years old), pretreatment of definitive orthodontic or in conjunction with orthognathic surgery. Main Outcome Measures: With satisfactory intra- and interexaminer agreement proven by the kappa value, the dental arch relationships of the study models at T1, T2, and T3 were assessed by a solo calibrated examiner using the GOSLON Yardstick. Results: The median GOSLON score for southern Chinese patients with UCLP at T1 was 4.0. Sixty percent of the patients were categorized as “poor” at T1. RHG significantly improved dental arch relationships from T1 to T2, and the improvement was maintained until T3 assessed by the GOSLON Yardstick. Conclusions: The dental arch relationships in southern Chinese UCLP patients at 8 to 10 years old are unfavorable. RHG treatment shows positive effects in improving the dental arch relationships in UCLP patients, as assessed by the GOSLON Yardstick.
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Rennie, K. L., S. A. Jebb, A. Wright, and W. A. Coward. "Secular trends in under-reporting in young people." British Journal of Nutrition 93, no. 2 (February 2005): 241–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/bjn20041307.
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National survey data show that reported energy intake has decreased in recent decades despite a rise in the prevalence of obesity. This disparity may be due to a secular increase in under-reporting or a quantitatively greater decrease in energy expenditure. This study examines the extent of under-reporting of energy intake in the National Diet and Nutrition Survey (NDNS) in young people aged 4–18 years in 1997 using published equations to calculate estimated energy requirements. It explores secular changes by comparison with the Diets of British School Children (DBSC) survey in 10–11- and 14–15-year-olds in 1983. In the NDNS, under-reporting (estimated energy requirements – energy intake) represented 21 % of energy needs in girls and 20 % in boys. The magnitude of under-reporting increased significantly with age (P<0·001) and was higher in overweight than lean individuals over 7 years of age. To compare reported energy intake in DBSC and NDNS, the estimated physical activity level from dietary records (dPAL=reported energy intake/predicted BMR) was calculated. If there were no under-reporting, dPAL would represent the subject's true activity level. However, dPAL from the NDNS was significantly lower than that from the DBSC by 8 % and 9 % in boys and girls for those aged 10–11 years, and by 14 % and 11 % for 14–15-year-olds respectively, reaching physiologically implausible levels in the 14–15-year-old girls (dPAL=1·17). If activity levels have remained constant between the two surveys, under-reporting has increased by 8–14 %. The evidence supports a secular trend towards increased under-reporting between the two surveys, but the precise magnitude cannot be quantified in the absence of historical measures of energy expenditure.
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Tucker, Michelle Z., and Lorraine P. Turcotte. "Impaired fatty acid oxidation in muscle of aging rats perfused under basal conditions." American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism 282, no. 5 (May 1, 2002): E1102—E1109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.00175.2001.
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The purpose of the present study was to examine the utilization of fatty acids (FA) and muscle substrates by skeletal muscle in young, middle-aged, and old adult rats under conditions of euglycemia with low insulin levels. Male Fischer 344 × Brown Norway rats aged 5, 15, or 24 mo underwent hindlimb perfusion with a medium of 8 mM glucose, 1 mM palmitate, 25 μU/ml insulin, [1-14C]palmitate, and [3-3H]glucose. Glucose and palmitate uptake were similar among age groups. The percent and total palmitate oxidized (nmol · min−1 · g−1) were 30–36 and 41–49% lower ( P < 0.05) in 15-mo- and 24-mo-old than in 5-mo-old animals. Compared with 5-mo- and 15-mo-old animals, pre- and postperfusion muscle triglyceride (TG) levels were significantly ( P < 0.05) elevated 91–305% in red and 118–219% in white muscles of 24-mo-old animals. Fatty acid-binding protein content was 40–64% higher ( P < 0.05) in 24-mo- than in 5-mo- or 15-mo-old animals. In red muscle, hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) content was 28% lower ( P < 0.05) in 24-mo- than in 5-mo-old animals. These results indicate that, under euglycemic conditions in the presence of low insulin levels, the reduction in FA disposal to oxidation and the decrease in HSL content may contribute to the accumulation of TG in muscle of old animals.
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Lamcja, Flora, and Armando Zeqaj. "Aggressiveness in Adolescents Aged 15-18 Years Old, Under the Influence of Social Environment and the Introduction of New Technologies in Every Day Life." European Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies 1, no. 3 (April 30, 2016): 92. http://dx.doi.org/10.26417/ejms.v1i3.p92-96.
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Vakhshori, Venus, Gabriel J. Bouz, Cory K. Mayfield, Ram K. Alluri, Milan Stevanovic, and Alidad Ghiassi. "Trends in Pediatric Traumatic Upper Extremity Amputations." HAND 14, no. 6 (May 30, 2018): 782–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1558944718777865.
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Background: Traumatic upper extremity amputation in a child can be a life-altering injury, yet little is known about the epidemiology or health care costs of these injuries. In this study, using the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP) Kids’ Inpatient Database (KID), we assess these trends to learn about the risk factors and health care costs of these injuries. Methods: Using the HCUP KID from 1997 to 2012, patients aged 20 years old or younger with upper extremity traumatic amputations were identified. National estimates of incidence, demographics, costs, hospital factors, patient factors, and mechanisms of injury were assessed. Results: Between 1997 and 2012, 6130 cases of traumatic upper extremity amputation occurred in children. This resulted in a $166 million cost to the health care system. Males are 3.4 times more likely to be affected by amputation than females. The most common age group to suffer amputation is in older children, aged 15 to 19 years old. The frequency of amputation has declined 41% from 1997 to 2012. The overwhelming majority of amputations (92.54%) involved digits. Conclusions: Pediatric traumatic amputations of the upper extremity are a significant contribution to health care spending. Interventions and educational campaigns can be targeted based on national trends to prevent these costly injuries.