Journal articles on the topic 'Kidneys – Diseases'
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1
Moiseev, Sergey V., and Eugene M. Shilov. "Kidney involvement in rare hereditary diseases." Terapevticheskii arkhiv 96, no. 6 (July 7, 2024): 559–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.26442/00403660.2024.06.202722.
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Various rare inherited disorders can be associated with kidney involvement, including glomerulopathies, tubulopathies, multiple cysts, congenital anomalies of the kidneys and urinary tract, urolithiasis, malignant and benign tumors. Genetic nephropathy should be always considered in children, adolescents and young patients with the kidneys or urinary tract disorders and/or patients with positive family anamnesis. Extrarenal manifestations can be a valuable clue for diagnosis of certain hereditary diseases, e.g. neurosensory deafness in Alport syndrome or photofobia in nephropathic cystinosis. Diagnosis of monogenic inherited diseases should be verified by genetic testing. Specific drugs are available for treatment of certain hereditary diseases involving kidney, e.g. Fabry disease, cystinosis, primary hyperoxaluria I type and atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome.
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V. M. Monastyrsʹkyy. "CHARACTERISTICS OF THE KIDNEY PARAMETERS ACCORDING TO THE DATA OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING OF PATIENTS WITH UROLITHIASIS IN PERSONS WITH A SINGLE KIDNEY." Clinical anatomy and operative surgery 17, no. 3 (August 28, 2018): 38–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.24061/1727-0847.17.3.2018.6.
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Urolithiasis is one of the most common diseases of the kidneys and urinary tract. The purpose of the study is to compare the size of a single kidney in patients with urolithiasis with parameters of the kidneys of patients with two kidneys who don’t have any diseases of the kidneys and urinary tract. A comprehensive examination of 84 patients with urolithiasis and single kidney and 65 patients with two kidneys who didn’t have any kidney and urinary tract diseases were conducted. The research was carried out on a magnetic resonance tomography Philips Intera-1,5T (standard magnetic resonance protocol included scanning in sagittal, frontal and axial projections to obtain T1 images). The length of the right single kidney is statistically significantly greater (1.18 times) in men with urolithiasis than in men with two kidneys who did not have any kidney and urinary tract disorders (p<0.05). The width, thickness and volume of the kidneys were also statistically significantly larger respectively 1.25 times, 1.27 times and 2.01 times (p <0.05). The parameters of the kidney (length, width, thickness and volume) were larger, respectively, in 1.21 times, 1.26 times, 1.26 times and 1.93 times in women with the single right kidney with urolithiasis. Conclusion. The morphometric parameters of a single kidney in patients with urolithiasis (length, width, thickness and volume) were statistically significantly different from those in patients with two kidneys who don’t have any kidney and urinary tract disorders. The measure of the volume of the right single kidney in men suffering from urolithiasis was the highest (p <0.05) in comparison with the same parameters in patients with two kidneys who don’t have any kidney and urinary tract disorders.
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Dorofeiev, A. E., N. N. Rudenko, I. A. Derkach, and Yu V. Chechula. "Bowel Diseases and Kidneys." GASTROENTEROLOGY, no. 3.57 (September 16, 2015): 101–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.22141/2308-2097.3.57.2015.81532.
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Rantanen, Norman W. "Diseases of the Kidneys." Veterinary Clinics of North America: Equine Practice 2, no. 1 (April 1986): 89–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0749-0739(17)30734-4.
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Zakrocka, Izabela, and Wojciech Załuska. "Kynurenine pathway in kidney diseases." Pharmacological Reports 74, no. 1 (October 6, 2021): 27–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s43440-021-00329-w.
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AbstractKidney diseases have become one of the most common health care problems. Due to a growing number of advanced aged patients with concomitant disorders the prevalence of these diseases will increase over the coming decades. Despite available laboratory tests, accurate and rapid diagnosis of renal dysfunction has yet to be realized, and prognosis is uncertain. Moreover, data on diagnostic and prognostic markers in kidney diseases are lacking. The kynurenine (KYN) pathway is one of the routes of tryptophan (Trp) degradation, with biologically active substances presenting ambiguous properties. The KYN pathway is known to be highly dependent on immunological system activity. As the kidneys are one of the main organs involved in the formation, degradation and excretion of Trp end products, pathologies involving the kidneys result in KYN pathway activity disturbances. This review aims to summarize changes in the KYN pathway observed in the most common kidney disease, chronic kidney disease (CKD), with a special focus on diabetic kidney disease, acute kidney injury (AKI), glomerulonephritis and kidney graft function monitoring. Additionally, the importance of KYN pathway activity in kidney cancer pathogenesis is discussed, as are available pharmacological agents affecting KYN pathway activity in the kidney. Despite limited clinical data, the KYN pathway appears to be a promising target in the diagnosis and prognosis of kidney diseases. Modulation of KYN pathway activity by pharmacological agents should be considered in the treatment of kidney diseases.
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Zhang, Wei, Xiangjun Zhou, Hao Zhang, Qisheng Yao, Yutao Liu, and Zheng Dong. "Extracellular vesicles in diagnosis and therapy of kidney diseases." American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 311, no. 5 (November 1, 2016): F844—F851. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.00429.2016.
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Extracellular vesicles (EV) are endogenously produced, membrane-bound vesicles that contain various molecules. Depending on their size and origins, EVs are classified into apoptotic bodies, microvesicles, and exosomes. A fundamental function of EVs is to mediate intercellular communication. In kidneys, recent research has begun to suggest a role of EVs, especially exosomes, in cell-cell communication by transferring proteins, mRNAs, and microRNAs to recipient cells as nanovectors. EVs may mediate the cross talk between various cell types within kidneys for the maintenance of tissue homeostasis. They may also mediate the cross talk between kidneys and other organs under physiological and pathological conditions. EVs have been implicated in the pathogenesis of both acute kidney injury and chronic kidney diseases, including renal fibrosis, end-stage renal disease, glomerular diseases, and diabetic nephropathy. The release of EVs with specific molecular contents into urine and plasma may be useful biomarkers for kidney disease. In addition, EVs produced by cultured cells may have therapeutic effects for these diseases. However, the role of EVs in kidney diseases is largely unclear, and the mechanism underlying EV production and secretion remains elusive. In this review, we introduce the basics of EVs and then analyze the present information about the involvement, diagnostic value, and therapeutic potential of EVs in major kidney diseases.
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Malki Mohamed Amine, Ouaddane Alami R, Cheikh Saad bouh khataraty, Ahsaini M, Mellas S, Ammari JE, Tazi MF, El Fassi MJ, and Farih MH. "Ectopic kidney: Associated diseases and treatment." World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews 21, no. 2 (February 28, 2024): 967–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2024.21.2.2464.
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Ectopic kidney (or “renal ectopia”) describes a kidney that isn’t located in its usual position. The pelvic kidney is a rare congenital urinary malformation. However, it is the most common type of “ectopic” kidneys. It results from a lack of migration of the metanephros which remains in the pelvic position. It is often smaller than a kidney in the lumbar position, but functional. It can be associated with other malformations (urological, vascular, etc.), or present complications such as urolithiasis, hydronephrosis, urinary infection or even tumor. In that case , Urolithiasis is the most common pathology of the pelvic kidney, it can be a source of serious complications. Its discovery requires an etiological investigation in search of a hereditary, metabolic or even infectious disease. In practice, renal pelvic ectopia poses various diagnostic problems; the close relationships of ectopic kidneys with neighboring organs explain the borrowed semiology and diagnostic errors. Alongside medical care, urological care is essential. The choice of treatment in pelvic kidney pathology depends on the pathology in question, its clinical and biological repercussions, as well as the patient's condition and its comorbidities. The use of open surgery and/or laparoscopy in cases of lithiasis pelvic kidney must remain exceptional after having eliminated all possibilities of LEC and endourology surgery.
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Cojocaru, Manole, Inimioara Cojocaru, Isabela Silosi, and Camelia Vrabie. "Kidney Damage in Autoimmune Diseases." Journal of Medical Biochemistry 29, no. 2 (April 1, 2010): 61–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10011-010-0007-x.
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Kidney Damage in Autoimmune DiseasesRenal involvement in autoimmunity has many facets. Glomerular, tubular and vascular structures are targeted and damaged as a consequence of autoimmune processes. Immunologically mediated kidney diseases represent the third most common cause of end-stage renal failure (after diabetic and hypertensive nephropathies). Appropriate evalution of patients with immune-mediated kidney diseases requires a meticulous history and physical examination, with particular attention to the urinalysis, tests of renal function and often renal biopsy. The thorough clinician should personally review microscopic urinalysis in any case in which there is a reasonable index of suspicion of immune-mediated renal disease. In this article we propose to highlight recent developments, with particular reference to renal autoimmunity. Systemic lupus erythe-matosus affects many parts of the body: primarily the skin and joints, but also the kidneys. Goodpasture's syndrome involves an autoantibody that specifically targets the kidneys and the lungs. IgA nephropathy is a form of glomerular disease that results when immunoglobulin A (IgA) forms deposits in the glomeruli, where it creates inflammation. Future research could look for how the disease occurs, and how to easily test for its presence so that early treatment could be started.
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Kutsenko, Lyudmila V., Albina A. Vyalkova, and Igor V. Zorin. "Features of kidney damage in endocrine diseases in children." Russian Pediatric Journal 24, no. 3 (July 16, 2021): 187–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.46563/1560-9561-2021-24-3-187-192.
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The purpose of the work is to determine the clinical and pathogenetic markers of secondary kidney damage in endocrine diseases in children to optimize the diagnosis of secondary nephropathies. Materials and methods. We examined 120 children with endocrinopathies aged 3 to 17 years: with secondary kidney damage in type 1 diabetes mellitus (25), exogenous constitutional obesity (20), autoimmune thyroiditis (15) and 60 children with endocrine diseases without kidney damage. All children underwent a clinical and paraclinical examination with an assessment of the endocrine and nephrological status: determination of the parameters of the lipid spectrum, glycemic profile, indicators of daily monitoring of blood pressure and the functional state of the kidneys. Results. Structural and functional parameters of the kidneys in patients with secondary nephropathies in endocrine diseases are characterized by: impaired echographic parameters of the kidneys and a decrease in intrarenal hemodynamics; increased blood pressure and hyperfiltration increased albuminuria/proteinuria in combination with dyslipidemia (increased low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triacylglycerides, decreased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol), impaired carbohydrate metabolism (increased glycated haemoglobin levels, impaired glucose tolerance). Conclusion. The optimization of the diagnosis of secondary nephropathies in endocrine diseases in children is discussed based on the determination of a complex of clinical and pathogenetic factors that affect the formation of kidney pathology in children with endocrine diseases.
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Krasiuk, I. V., L. D. Denova, and O. V. Karpenko. "Modern paradigm in the diagnosis of cystic diseases of the kidneys." KIDNEYS 13, no. 1 (March 14, 2024): 72–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.22141/2307-1257.13.1.2024.444.
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Cystic diseases of the kidneys are a fairly common pathology, which has a negative impact on the course of underlying disease affecting the kidneys, or even being the primary renal pathology. The purpose of this review is to analyze the latest literature data on the etiology, pathogenesis, and diagnosis of cystic kidney diseases. This article highlights some aspects of the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of cystic kidney diseases in order to deepen knowledge about this pathology. Important nuances of ultrasound diagnosis of cystic kidney diseases are discussed. Modern equipment allows diagnosing almost all variants of cystic kidney disease. Training in ultrasound examination or at least knowledge of sonographic interpretation should be part of training in nephrology.
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Hartleb, Marek. "Kidneys in chronic liver diseases." World Journal of Gastroenterology 18, no. 24 (2012): 3035. http://dx.doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v18.i24.3035.
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Gui, Yuan, and Chunsun Dai. "mTOR Signaling in Kidney Diseases." Kidney360 1, no. 11 (September 3, 2020): 1319–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.34067/kid.0003782020.
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The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), a serine/threonine protein kinase, is crucial in regulating cell growth, metabolism, proliferation, and survival. Under physiologic conditions, mTOR signaling maintains podocyte and tubular cell homeostasis. In AKI, activation of mTOR signaling in tubular cells and interstitial fibroblasts promotes renal regeneration and repair. However, constitutive activation of mTOR signaling in kidneys results in the initiation and progression of glomerular hypertrophy, interstitial fibrosis, polycystic kidney disease, and renal cell carcinoma. Here, we summarize the recent studies about mTOR signaling in renal physiology and injury, and discuss the possibility of its use as a therapeutic target for kidney diseases.
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Solic, Ivana, Anita Racetin, Natalija Filipovic, Snjezana Mardesic, Ivana Bocina, Danica Galesic-Ljubanovic, Meri Glavina Durdov, Mirna Saraga-Babić, and Katarina Vukojevic. "Expression Pattern of α-Tubulin, Inversin and Its Target Dishevelled-1 and Morphology of Primary Cilia in Normal Human Kidney Development and Diseases." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 7 (March 28, 2021): 3500. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22073500.
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The spatiotemporal expression of α-tubulin, inversin and dishevelled-1 (DVL-1) proteins associated with the Wnt-signaling pathway, and primary cilia morphology were analyzed in developing kidneys (14th–38th developmental weeks), healthy postnatal (1.5- and 7-years old) and pathologically changed human kidneys, including multicystic dysplastic kidneys (MCDK), focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) and nephrotic syndrome of the Finnish type (CNF). The analysis was performed by double immunofluorescence, electron microscopy, semiquantitative and statistical methods. Cytoplasmic co-expression of α-tubulin, inversin and DVL-1 was observed in the proximal convoluted tubules (pct), distal convoluted tubules (dct) and glomeruli (g) of analyzed tissues. During kidney development, the overall expression of α-tubulin, inversin and DVL-1 decreased, while in the postnatal period slightly increased. The highest expressions of α-tubulin and inversin characterized dct and g, while high DVL-1 characterized pct. α-tubulin, inversin and DVL-1 expression pattern in MCDK, FSGS and CNF kidneys significantly differed from the healthy control. Compared to healthy kidneys, pathologically changed kidneys had dysmorphic primary cilia. Different expression dynamics of α-tubulin, inversin and DVL-1 during kidney development could indicate that switch between the canonical and noncanonical Wnt-signaling is essential for normal kidney morphogenesis. In contrast, their disturbed expression in pathological kidneys might be associated with abnormal primary cilia, leading to chronic kidney diseases.
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Kotsis, Vasilios, Fernando Martinez, Christina Trakatelli, and Josep Redon. "Impact of Obesity in Kidney Diseases." Nutrients 13, no. 12 (December 15, 2021): 4482. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13124482.
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The clinical consequences of obesity on the kidneys, with or without metabolic abnormalities, involve both renal function and structures. The mechanisms linking obesity and renal damage are well understood, including several effector mechanisms with interconnected pathways. Higher prevalence of urinary albumin excretion, sub-nephrotic syndrome, nephrolithiasis, increased risk of developing CKD, and progression to ESKD have been identified as being associated with obesity and having a relevant clinical impact. Moreover, renal replacement therapy and kidney transplantation are also influenced by obesity. Losing weight is key in limiting the impact that obesity produces on the kidneys by reducing albuminuria/proteinuria, declining rate of eGFR deterioration, delaying the development of CKD and ESKD, and improving the outcome of a renal transplant. Weight reduction may also contribute to appropriate control of cardiometabolic risk factors such as hypertension, metabolic syndrome, diabetes, and dyslipidemia which may be protective not only in renal damage but also cardiovascular disease. Lifestyle changes, some drugs, and bariatric surgery have demonstrated the benefits.
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Trukhan, D. I. "New coronavirus infection (COVID-19) and kidney-urinary tract diseases / pathological conditions." Clinical review for general practice 3, no. 1 (January 28, 2022): 6–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.47407/kr2022.3.1.00111.
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The main target of the new coronavirus infection (COVID19), spread by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, is the respiratory system. SARS-CoV-2 infection can cause kidney damage, and severe renal dysfunction is more common in patients with chronic comorbid/multimorbid disease, especially in patients with chronic kidney disease. A search was made for literature on the association of major diseases (pathological conditions) of the kidneys and urinary tract with the new coronavirus infection COVID-19 in electronic search engines PubMed, Scopus, eLIBRARY. The found literary sources indicate that the new coronavirus infection COVID-19 certainly has a specific effect on the urinary system in general, and in particular, on certain diseases of the kidneys and urinary tract.
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Reshma Dayma. "Machine Learning Algorithms as a Boon for Chronic Kidney Disease Prediction." Journal of Electrical Systems 20, no. 3 (April 30, 2024): 499–508. http://dx.doi.org/10.52783/jes.2977.
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Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is one type of condition where kidney function damage over several month or year. In body, kidney’s main task is to filter impurities and waste from blood which is flush out from body in form of urine. But because of some condition or diseases, in which the kidneys are damaged and cannot filter blood as well as it should. People with kidney disease may not feel ill or notice any symptoms in early stage but it is very serious problem as it may lead to complete failure of kidneys. Machine learning (ML) techniques are used for prediction. Here we have created machine learning model for CKD prediction. We have use three algorithms, logistic regression, support vector machine (SVM) and random forest with feature selection technique and finally applied bagging method on it. we have applied this model on chronic kidney dataset which have derived from UCI machine learning repository. This model predict person have chronic kidney disease or not.
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Law, Becker M. P., Ray Wilkinson, Xiangju Wang, Katrina Kildey, Kurt Giuliani, Kenneth W. Beagley, Jacobus Ungerer, Helen Healy, and Andrew J. Kassianos. "Human Tissue-Resident Mucosal-Associated Invariant T (MAIT) Cells in Renal Fibrosis and CKD." Journal of the American Society of Nephrology 30, no. 7 (June 11, 2019): 1322–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1681/asn.2018101064.
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BackgroundMucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells represent a specialized lymphocyte population associated with chronic inflammatory disorders. Little is known, however, about MAIT cells in diseases of the kidney, including CKD.MethodsTo evaluate MAIT cells in human native kidneys with tubulointerstitial fibrosis, the hallmark of CKD, we used multicolor flow cytometry to identify, enumerate, and phenotype such cells from human kidney tissue biopsy samples, and immunofluorescence microscopy to localize these cells. We cocultured MAIT cells and human primary proximal tubular epithelial cells (PTECs) under hypoxic (1% oxygen) conditions to enable examination of mechanistic tubulointerstitial interactions.ResultsWe identified MAIT cells (CD3+ TCR Vα7.2+ CD161hi) in healthy and diseased kidney tissues, detecting expression of tissue-resident markers (CD103/CD69) on MAIT cells in both states. Tissue samples from kidneys with tubulointerstitial fibrosis had significantly elevated numbers of MAIT cells compared with either nonfibrotic samples from diseased kidneys or tissue samples from healthy kidneys. Furthermore, CD69 expression levels, also an established marker of lymphocyte activation, were significantly increased on MAIT cells from fibrotic tissue samples. Immunofluorescent analyses of fibrotic kidney tissue identified MAIT cells accumulating adjacent to PTECs. Notably, MAIT cells activated in the presence of human PTECs under hypoxic conditions (modeling the fibrotic microenvironment) displayed significantly upregulated expression of CD69 and cytotoxic molecules perforin and granzyme B; we also observed a corresponding significant increase in PTEC necrosis in these cocultures.ConclusionsOur findings indicate that human tissue-resident MAIT cells in the kidney may contribute to the fibrotic process of CKD via complex interactions with PTECs.
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Bollenbecker, Seth, Brian Czaya, Orlando M. Gutiérrez, and Stefanie Krick. "Lung-kidney interactions and their role in chronic kidney disease-associated pulmonary diseases." American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology 322, no. 5 (May 1, 2022): L625—L640. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajplung.00152.2021.
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Chronic illnesses rarely present in a vacuum, devoid of other complications, and chronic kidney disease is hardly an exception. Comorbidities associated with chronic kidney disease lead to faster disease progression, expedited dialysis dependency, and a higher mortality rate. Although chronic kidney disease is most commonly accompanied by cardiovascular diseases and diabetes, there is clear cross talk between the lungs and kidneys pH balance, phosphate metabolism, and immune system regulation. Our present understanding of the exact underlying mechanisms that contribute to chronic kidney disease-related pulmonary disease is poor. This review summarizes the current research on kidney-pulmonary interorgan cross talk in the context of chronic kidney disease, highlighting various acute and chronic pulmonary diseases that lead to further complications in patient care. Treatment options for patients presenting with chronic kidney disease and lung disease are explored by assessing activated molecular pathways and the body’s compensatory response mechanisms following homeostatic imbalance. Understanding the link between the lungs and kidneys will potentially improve health outcomes for patients and guide healthcare professionals to better understand how and when to treat each of the pulmonary comorbidities that can present with chronic kidney disease.
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Berns, Jeffrey S., and Arthur H. Cohen. "Viruses and Diseases of the Kidneys." Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology 2, Supplement 1 (June 27, 2007): S1. http://dx.doi.org/10.2215/cjn.01750407.
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Lorcy, N., N. Rioux-Leclercq, M. L. Lombard, P. Le Pogamp, and C. Vigneau. "Three kidneys, two diseases, one antibody?" Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation 26, no. 11 (August 3, 2011): 3811–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ndt/gfr436.
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Li, Dan, Chuda Xiao, Yang Liu, Zhuo Chen, Haseeb Hassan, Liyilei Su, Jun Liu, et al. "Deep Segmentation Networks for Segmenting Kidneys and Detecting Kidney Stones in Unenhanced Abdominal CT Images." Diagnostics 12, no. 8 (July 23, 2022): 1788. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics12081788.
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Recent breakthroughs of deep learning algorithms in medical imaging, automated detection, and segmentation techniques for renal (kidney) in abdominal computed tomography (CT) images have been limited. Radiomics and machine learning analyses of renal diseases rely on the automatic segmentation of kidneys in CT images. Inspired by this, our primary aim is to utilize deep semantic segmentation learning models with a proposed training scheme to achieve precise and accurate segmentation outcomes. Moreover, this work aims to provide the community with an open-source, unenhanced abdominal CT dataset for training and testing the deep learning segmentation networks to segment kidneys and detect kidney stones. Five variations of deep segmentation networks are trained and tested both dependently (based on the proposed training scheme) and independently. Upon comparison, the models trained with the proposed training scheme enable the highly accurate 2D and 3D segmentation of kidneys and kidney stones. We believe this work is a fundamental step toward AI-driven diagnostic strategies, which can be an essential component of personalized patient care and improved decision-making in treating kidney diseases.
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Hauser, Peter V., Hsiao-Min Chang, Norimoto Yanagawa, and Morgan Hamon. "Nanotechnology, Nanomedicine, and the Kidney." Applied Sciences 11, no. 16 (August 4, 2021): 7187. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11167187.
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The kidneys are vital organs performing several essential functions. Their primary function is the filtration of blood and the removal of metabolic waste products as well as fluid homeostasis. Renal filtration is the main pathway for drug removal, highlighting the importance of this organ to the growing field of nanomedicine. The kidneys (i) have a key role in the transport and clearance of nanoparticles (NPs), (ii) are exposed to potential NPs’ toxicity, and (iii) are the targets of diseases that nanomedicine can study, detect, and treat. In this review, we aim to summarize the latest research on kidney-nanoparticle interaction. We first give a brief overview of the kidney’s anatomy and renal filtration, describe how nanoparticle characteristics influence their renal clearance, and the approaches taken to image and treat the kidney, including drug delivery and tissue engineering. Finally, we discuss the future and some of the challenges faced by nanomedicine.
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Lin, Tien-An, Victor Chien-Chia Wu, and Chao-Yung Wang. "Autophagy in Chronic Kidney Diseases." Cells 8, no. 1 (January 16, 2019): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells8010061.
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Autophagy is a cellular recycling process involving self-degradation and reconstruction of damaged organelles and proteins. Current evidence suggests that autophagy is critical in kidney physiology and homeostasis. In clinical studies, autophagy activations and inhibitions are linked to acute kidney injuries, chronic kidney diseases, diabetic nephropathies, and polycystic kidney diseases. Oxidative stress, inflammation, and mitochondrial dysfunction, which are implicated as important mechanisms underlying many kidney diseases, modulate the autophagy activation and inhibition and lead to cellular recycling dysfunction. Abnormal autophagy function can induce loss of podocytes, damage proximal tubular cells, and glomerulosclerosis. After acute kidney injuries, activated autophagy protects tubular cells from apoptosis and enhances cellular regeneration. Patients with chronic kidney diseases have impaired autophagy that cannot be reversed by hemodialysis. Multiple nephrotoxic medications also alter the autophagy signaling, by which the mechanistic insights of the drugs are revealed, thus providing the unique opportunity to manage the nephrotoxicity of these drugs. In this review, we summarize the current concepts of autophagy and its molecular aspects in different kidney cells pathophysiology. We also discuss the current evidence of autophagy in acute kidney injury, chronic kidney disease, toxic effects of drugs, and aging kidneys. In addition, we examine therapeutic possibilities targeting the autophagy system in kidney diseases.
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Rossi, Giovanni Maria, Chiara Pala, and Davide Gianfreda. "Renal and Urinary Tract Involvement in Fibrosclerosing or Fibroinflammatory Diseases: A Narrative Review." Rheumato 4, no. 1 (December 22, 2023): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rheumato4010001.
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Fibroinflammatory diseases are a group of rare pathologies in which the hallmark is the exuberant deposition of fibrotic tissue and inflammatory cellular infiltrates, characteristic of the specific disease. A sclerotic mass develops within soft tissues and/or organs, damaging and replacing them, with effects ranging from asymptomatic to life-threatening clinical manifestations. The kidneys and urinary tract can be involved in some of these diseases, which can lead to acute kidney injury, chronic kidney disease, and even end-stage kidney disease. IgG4-related disease, retroperitoneal fibrosis, and Erdheim–Chester disease are the three fibroinflammatory disorders that can involve the kidneys. Only a timely and accurate collection of clinical, radiological, metabolic, laboratory, and histological data allows prompt diagnosis and targeted treatment of these pathologies, allowing the stoppage of the evolution of renal and systemic manifestations, which can lead to complete remission. The epidemiology, clinical and histological features, and management of these conditions are herein described in a narrative fashion.
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P, Pati. "Leptospirosis One of the Risk Factor for Kidney Diseases." Open Access Journal of Urology & Nephrology 8, no. 1 (January 13, 2023): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.23880/oajun-16000223.
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The disease leptospirosis is threatening both animals and humans. Leptospirosis can cause complications in multiple organs, including the kidneys early on, most often manifesting as tubulo-interstitial nephritis and tubular dysfunction. More than a million people are infected with leptospirosis every year, making it the most widespread zoonosis. Hotspots of leptospirosis and CKD are the agricultural intensive areas that are prone to flooding. Pallabi Pati Senior Research Fellow(SRF) Molecular Biology Division Regional Medical Research Centre(ICMR),Bhubaneswar. Lack of prompt treatment for acute leptospirosis can lead to chronic kidney damage and ultimately kidney failure. Because of the insidious nature for progression of CKD, the germs that cause it may be present in the kidney without causing any symptoms. Tubulointerstitial nephritis, interstitial fibrosis, and tubular atrophy are histologic findings of leptospirosis renal disease. Leptospirosis in adult male workers is associated with proximal tubule dysfunction, hypokalemia, and chronic kidney disease (CKD).
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Denisenko, Viktor N., Altomah M. Alabed, and Natalya M. Zueva. "Combined pathologies of liver, kidneys and pancreas in domestic cats." RUDN Journal of Agronomy and Animal Industries 15, no. 4 (December 15, 2020): 391–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2312-797x-2020-15-4-391-402.
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Various infectious and invasive diseases, as well as individual metabolic disorders caused by poisoning and non-infectious diseases lead to multiple organ pathologies. The pathogenesis of combined lesions in parenchymal organs is due to their anatomical and functional relationship. The aim of the research was to study the nosological forms of non-infectious diseases of liver, kidneys and pancreas in domestic cats, to establish the proportion of multiple organ pathologies and to compare their clinical indicators. The article presents the results of multiple organ pathologies spreading in domestic cats, describes the main nosological forms of diseases, their clinical picture, biochemical and ultrasound indicators. 234 animals of different sexes and different ages were studied in the experiment. Diseased animals were diagnosed based on the results of clinical, biochemical and ultrasound studies. Liver diseases were diagnosed in 18.3 % of cats, kidney - 16.3 %, pancreas - 11.5 % of cats. Multiple organ pathologies were established in 28.7 % of animals, including hepatonephritis in 16.7 %, hepatopancreatitis - 9.0 %, hepatopancreonephritis - 3.0 %. Among nosological forms of diseases in sick cats, hepatonephritis, chronic glomerulonephritis, chronic hepatitis, and fatty degeneration of liver were more common, and only in one case - cirrhosis.
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Kim, Hyo Jin, and Jong Cheol Jeong. "Renal diseases causing hematuria." Journal of the Korean Medical Association 66, no. 6 (June 10, 2023): 348–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.5124/jkma.2023.66.6.348.
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Background: Hematuria is a common laboratory finding in clinical practice, occurring mostly in the kidneys. However, it can occur in the rest of the urinary system, including the ureters, bladder, and urethra, as well as in the prostate in men. This paper will discuss cases of hematuria observed in various diseases, especially kidney disease.Current Concepts: Hematuria is diagnosed when three or more red blood cells are found in a high-power field microscopic urinalysis. Identifying urine sediment is critical in differentiating between glomerular and nonglomerular hematuria, classified according to location. If hematuria is accompanied by proteinuria, dysmorphic red blood cells, or cellular casts in urine microscopy, as well as hypertension or renal function decline, glomerular disease may be present; thus, a nephrologist should be consulted. Hematuria is also observed in renal vascular diseases, including renal infarction, renal artery dissection, and nutcracker syndrome. In polycystic kidney disease, hematuria may present in combination with renal stones or malignancy. Diabetic nephropathy can manifest hematuria, which is a negative prognosticator of end-stage kidney disease.Discussion and Conclusion: Hematuria is a laboratory finding for various diseases, and appropriate diagnosis and treatment should be provided according to its clinical features.
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Pan, Xiaoyue. "The Roles of Fatty Acids and Apolipoproteins in the Kidneys." Metabolites 12, no. 5 (May 20, 2022): 462. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/metabo12050462.
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The kidneys are organs that require energy from the metabolism of fatty acids and glucose; several studies have shown that the kidneys are metabolically active tissues with an estimated energy requirement similar to that of the heart. The kidneys may regulate the normal and pathological function of circulating lipids in the body, and their glomerular filtration barrier prevents large molecules or large lipoprotein particles from being filtered into pre-urine. Given the permeable nature of the kidneys, renal lipid metabolism plays an important role in affecting the rest of the body and the kidneys. Lipid metabolism in the kidneys is important because of the exchange of free fatty acids and apolipoproteins from the peripheral circulation. Apolipoproteins have important roles in the transport and metabolism of lipids within the glomeruli and renal tubules. Indeed, evidence indicates that apolipoproteins have multiple functions in regulating lipid import, transport, synthesis, storage, oxidation and export, and they are important for normal physiological function. Apolipoproteins are also risk factors for several renal diseases; for example, apolipoprotein L polymorphisms induce kidney diseases. Furthermore, renal apolipoprotein gene expression is substantially regulated under various physiological and disease conditions. This review is aimed at describing recent clinical and basic studies on the major roles and functions of apolipoproteins in the kidneys.
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Monastyrskyi, V. M., and V. I. Pivtorak. "Somatotypological features of topographic kidney anatomy of patients without any kidney and urinary tract diseases." Biomedical and Biosocial Anthropology, no. 30 (March 29, 2018): 56–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.31393/bba30-2018-08.
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The conducted analysis of modern literature shows that most of the establishednormative parameters of the placement of kidneys in healthy people have not beensufficiently studied, with researchers practically do not take into account the constitutionalfeatures of the organism. The purpose of the study was to determine the topographicanatomical position of the kidneys in the frontal, sagittal and horizontal planes on thebasis of MRI in patients of different somatotypes without any kidney and urinary tractdiseases. Complex examination of 65 patients of the first and second mature age ofdifferent somatotypes, which did not have kidney and urinary tract diseases, wasperformed. To determine the somatotype, we used the mathematical scheme forB.Heath and J.Carter (1990), with the definition of the endomorphic, mesomorphic andectomorphic components of the somatotype. The renal topography was conducted ona Philips Intera-1.5T magnetic resonance imaging (standard magnetic resonance protocolincluded scanning in sagittal, frontal, and axial projections to obtain T1 weighted imaging).The angles of inclination were measured in the frontal, sagital and horizontal planes tomeasure spatial position of the kidneys. The statistical analysis of the obtained resultswas carried out using the "STATISTICA 5.5" program, using parametric and non-parametricmethods for evaluating the obtained results. It was established that the angle ofinclination of the kidney on the right side in the frontal and sagittal planes was greater in1.23-1.41 times than in men and in women of representatives of all somatotypes. Theangle between the axis and the line drawn through the middle of the vertebral bodiesdid not statistically significantly change, depending on the somatotype, sex and on theside of the study in a horizontal plane. The angles of inclination of the kidney axis aredefined in three planes: the frontal, horizontal, and sagittal in the patients, with thekidney axis directed downwards outward and forward. Representatives of allsomatotypes differed statistically significantly the angles of inclination of the left axisfrom the right kidneys in the frontal and sagittal planes
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Gareeballah, Awadia, Moawia Bushra Gameraddin, Suliman Salih, and Jumaa Tamboul. "Sonographic assessment of kidneys and associated abdominal findings in patients with renal parenchymal diseases." International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences 5, no. 3 (February 20, 2017): 1048. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20170660.
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Background: The renal parenchymal diseases were common pathological conditions that involved the renal parenchyma. They cause damage to interstitia and glomerula and result in renal failure if left undiagnosed and untreated. The objective of the study was to assess the kidneys in renal parenchymal diseases in Sudanese patients.Methods: This cross-sectional study involved two hundred and six patients confirmed with renal parenchymal diseases. All the patients were scanned using ultrasonography. The echogenicity, kidney size, surface and thickness of renal cortex were assessed and the related abdominal findings.Results: A total of 206 patients diagnosed and confirmed renal parenchymal diseases had been selected for the study. The kidneys were normal in size in 47.10% the cases, 30.58% were small and 19.42% were large. The echogenicity of the kidneys was increased in 93.69% and normal echogenicity observed in 5.34% of the cases. The renal cortical thickness was normal in 65.05% and thin in 33.50% of the cases. There were no obstructive changes in the renal pelvicalyceal system in 86.41%, while dilatation observed only in 7.28% of the cases. Abdominal findings were observed in 65.05% of the cases. The most common abdominal findings were 26 cases of ascites, 10 with pleural effusion, 6 with benign prostatic hypertrophy and 4 with liver cirrhosis.Conclusions: Sonographic evaluation of kidneys in renal parenchymal diseases is very important in diagnosis and management. Pleural effusion, ascites and liver cirrhosis were the most common systematic findings accompanied with renal parenchymal diseases.
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Bhatt, Kirti, Qing-Sheng Mi, and Zheng Dong. "microRNAs in kidneys: biogenesis, regulation, and pathophysiological roles." American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 300, no. 3 (March 2011): F602—F610. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.00727.2010.
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MicroRNAs (miRNA) are endogenously produced, short RNAs that repress and thus regulate the expression of almost half of known protein-coding genes. miRNA-mediated gene repression is an important regulatory mechanism to modulate fundamental cellular processes such as the cell cycle, growth, proliferation, phenotype, and death, which in turn have major influences on pathophysiological outcomes. In kidneys, miRNAs are indispensable for renal development and homeostasis. Emerging evidence has further pinpointed the pathogenic roles played by miRNAs in major renal diseases, including diabetic nephropathy, acute kidney injury, renal carcinoma, polycystic kidney disease, and others. Although the field of renal miRNA research is still in its infancy and important questions remain, future investigation on miRNA regulation in kidneys has the potential to revolutionize both the diagnosis and treatment of major renal diseases.
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Agarwal, Shivangi, Yashwanth R. Sudhini, Onur K. Polat, Jochen Reiser, and Mehmet M. Altintas. "Renal cell markers: lighthouses for managing renal diseases." American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 321, no. 6 (December 1, 2021): F715—F739. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.00182.2021.
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Kidneys, one of the vital organs in our body, are responsible for maintaining whole body homeostasis. The complexity of renal function (e.g., filtration, reabsorption, fluid and electrolyte regulation, and urine production) demands diversity not only at the level of cell types but also in their overall distribution and structural framework within the kidney. To gain an in depth molecular-level understanding of the renal system, it is imperative to discern the components of kidney and the types of cells residing in each of the subregions. Recent developments in labeling, tracing, and imaging techniques have enabled us to mark, monitor, and identify these cells in vivo with high efficiency in a minimally invasive manner. In this review, we summarize different cell types, specific markers that are uniquely associated with those cell types, and their distribution in the kidney, which altogether make kidneys so special and different. Cellular sorting based on the presence of certain proteins on the cell surface allowed for the assignment of multiple markers for each cell type. However, different studies using different techniques have found contradictions in cell type-specific markers. Thus, the term “cell marker” might be imprecise and suboptimal, leading to uncertainty when interpreting the data. Therefore, we strongly believe that there is an unmet need to define the best cell markers for a cell type. Although the compendium of renal-selective marker proteins presented in this review is a resource that may be useful to researchers, we acknowledge that the list may not be necessarily exhaustive.
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Huang, Liang-Ti, and Chung-Ming Chen. "Kidney Injuries and Evolution of Chronic Kidney Diseases Due to Neonatal Hyperoxia Exposure Based on Animal Studies." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 15 (July 31, 2022): 8492. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23158492.
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Preterm birth interrupts the development and maturation of the kidneys during the critical growth period. The kidneys can also exhibit structural defects and functional impairment due to hyperoxia, as demonstrated by various animal studies. Furthermore, hyperoxia during nephrogenesis impairs renal tubular development and induces glomerular and tubular injuries, which manifest as renal corpuscle enlargement, renal tubular necrosis, interstitial inflammation, and kidney fibrosis. Preterm birth along with hyperoxia exposure induces a pathological predisposition to chronic kidney disease. Hyperoxia-induced kidney injuries are influenced by several molecular factors, including hypoxia-inducible factor-1α and interleukin-6/Smad2/transforming growth factor-β, and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways; these are key to cell proliferation, tissue inflammation, and cell membrane repair. Hyperoxia-induced oxidative stress is characterized by the attenuation or the induction of multiple molecular factors associated with kidney damage. This review focuses on the molecular pathways involved in the pathogenesis of hyperoxia-induced kidney injuries to establish a framework for potential interventions.
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Beeman, Scott C., Min Zhang, Lina Gubhaju, Teresa Wu, John F. Bertram, David H. Frakes, Brian R. Cherry, and Kevin M. Bennett. "Measuring glomerular number and size in perfused kidneys using MRI." American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 300, no. 6 (June 2011): F1454—F1457. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.00044.2011.
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The goal of this work was to nondestructively measure glomerular (and thereby nephron) number in the whole kidney. Variations in the number and size of glomeruli have been linked to many renal and systemic diseases. Here, we develop a robust magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technique based on injection of cationic ferritin (CF) to produce an accurate measurement of number and size of individual glomeruli. High-field (19 Tesla) gradient-echo MR images of perfused rat kidneys after in vivo intravenous injection of CF showed specific labeling of individual glomeruli with CF throughout the kidney. We developed a three-dimensional image-processing algorithm to count every labeled glomerulus. MRI-based counts yielded 33,786 ± 3,753 labeled glomeruli ( n = 5 kidneys). Acid maceration counting of contralateral kidneys yielded an estimate of 30,585 ± 2,053 glomeruli ( n = 6 kidneys). Disector/fractionator stereology counting yielded an estimate of 34,963 glomeruli ( n = 2). MRI-based measurement of apparent glomerular volume of labeled glomeruli was 4.89 × 10−4mm3( n = 5) compared with the average stereological measurement of 4.99 × 10−4mm3( n = 2). The MRI-based technique also yielded the intrarenal distribution of apparent glomerular volume, a measurement previously unobtainable in histology. This work makes it possible to nondestructively measure whole-kidney glomerular number and apparent glomerular volumes to study susceptibility to renal diseases and opens the door to similar in vivo measurements in animals and humans.
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Teshaev Shukhrat Zhumaevich, Khamdamova Mukhayokhon Tukhtasinovna, and Khikmatova Madina Furkatovna. "Protective effect of pomegranate seed oil against salt toxicity in rat kidneys." Texas Journal of Medical Science 27 (December 12, 2023): 57–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.62480/tjms.2023.vol27.pp57-59.
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Consuming too much salt can have a negative impact on your kidneys. The kidneys play an important role in regulating sodium levels in the body, and excess salt can lead to water retention and increased blood pressure, which in turn can have a negative impact on the kidneys. Excess salt in the diet can contribute to the formation of kidney stones. This is because excess sodium can lead to increased calcium excretion in the urine, which in turn increases the risk of stone formation. An experiment was conducted on rats to study the effect of salt on kidney function. During the experiment, a group of rats received a high dose of salt for a certain period of time, while another group received a regular amount of salt. The results showed that rats that consumed more salt had increased blood pressure and negative changes in kidney function. They also faced problems with fluid retention and the formation of kidney stones. This experiment confirmed that excess salt consumption can negatively affect kidney function and lead to the development of various diseases. Therefore, controlling your salt intake is an important aspect of maintaining a healthy kidney system. Kidney contamination from salt can lead to various diseases such as kidney stones, kidney failure and other genitourinary problems. One way to correct this problem may be to use pomegranate oil. Pomegranate oil contains antioxidants that help reduce inflammation and protect kidney cells from damage. It also improves blood circulation and helps cleanse the kidneys of toxins and waste. Research has shown that consuming pomegranate oil may help improve kidney function, reduce inflammation, and prevent the formation of kidney stones. It can also help lower blood pressure and improve the overall health of the kidney system.
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Sang, Yizhen, Kenji Tsuji, Hiroyuki Nakanoh, Kazuhiko Fukushima, Shinji Kitamura, and Jun Wada. "Role of Semaphorin 3A in Kidney Development and Diseases." Diagnostics 13, no. 19 (September 25, 2023): 3038. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics13193038.
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Kidney diseases are worldwide public health problems affecting millions of people. However, there are still limited therapeutic options against kidney diseases. Semaphorin 3A (SEMA3A) is a secreted and membrane-associated protein, which regulates diverse functions, including immune regulation, cell survival, migration and angiogenesis, thus involving in the several pathogeneses of diseases, including eyes and neurons, as well as kidneys. SEMA3A is expressed in podocytes and tubular cells in the normal adult kidney, and recent evidence has revealed that excess SEMA3A expression and the subsequent signaling pathway aggravate kidney injury in a variety of kidney diseases, including nephrotic syndrome, diabetic nephropathy, acute kidney injury, and chronic kidney disease. In addition, several reports have demonstrated that the inhibition of SEMA3A ameliorated kidney injury via a reduction in cell apoptosis, fibrosis and inflammation; thus, SEMA3A may be a potential therapeutic target for kidney diseases. In this review article, we summarized the current knowledge regarding the role of SEMA3A in kidney pathophysiology and their potential use in kidney diseases.
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Chakraborty, Priyanka, Om Prakash Gupta, and Ranjan Kalita. "A CRITICAL ANALYSIS ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN VRIKKA, YAKRITA AND HRIDAYA IN THE PATHOGENESIS OF VRIKKA ROGA AND ITS UPADRAVA W.S.R TO CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE." International Ayurvedic Medical Journal 9, no. 9 (October 16, 2021): 2174–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.46607/iamj3909092021.
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Chronic Kidney Disease is a chronic progressive declination in the function of kidneys with serious and dreadful complications which result in low life expectancy of the sufferer, and it can be correlated to as an amalgamation of the pathology related to Rasa Pradosaj vikar, Kaphaj sotha, Pandu, Mutrakriccha, Mutraghata, Prameha and its complications which are called as Vrikka roga (Kidney diseases). The literary data have been collected from Charak Samhita, Sushruta Samhita, Ashtanga Hridaya, Ashtanga Sangraha and Sharangadhar Samhita. The collected lit- erature have been analysed to justify that there may be a vast relationship between Vrikka (Kidneys), Yakrita (Liver) and Hridaya (Heart) in the pathogenesis of Vrikka roga (Kidney diseases) and its Upadrava (complications). The analysis establishes that Vrikka roga (Kidney diseases) is one of the Vataj Nanatmaja Roga and Meda Dhatu (Fat tissue) is the prime Dhatu (tissues) that gets vitiated and the aggravated Abaddha Meda (free fatty acids) results the pathogenesis of Vrikka Roga (Kidney diseases) alongwith Rakta (blood). Whereas, Rakta (blood) is seen being the Pradhan Dhatu involved in the pathogenesis of Vrikka Roga Upadrava. Therefore, an inference can be drawn that for slowing the progression of the pathogenesis and evolvement of complications, aggravated Abaddha Meda Chikitsa, Rakta Dhatu Poshak and ignition of the Dhatwagni may be adopted.
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Mohsin Jamal Buzdar, Alam Mengal, Talha Shahid Amin, Tahir Hameed, Furqan Ahmed, Farhat Abbas, Farhat Abbas, Hafiza Mehreen Tahir, and Maryum Yousaf. "Impacts of renal insufficiency on hepatic profile among different chronic Lower Urinary tract; patients in Quetta." Pak-Euro Journal of Medical and Life Sciences 2, no. 3 (January 11, 2020): 62–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.31580/pjmls.v2i3.1118.
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Primary functions of kidneys to filter the blood by its cells called nephrons, products after metabolism and toxics produced by kidneys upper Urinary tract; and stored in Lower Urinary tract; this helps the body for balance of, electrolytes, water, RBCs, leukocytes, ca and blood pressure. If the renal system not work properly it may cause some complications like kidney stones, electrolytes imbalance, which leads to different complications some time may leads to kidney failure .it also effects on blood cells, if kidneys not work properly our body retains water and toxics not excreted form blood steam, so patient may leads to death. The prevalence of kidney diseases is significantly increasing in pediatric population, that is may be due to life style changes i.e. diet changes, environmental changes.
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Vashchenko, Vladimir I., and Petr D. Shabanov. "Role of extracellular vesicles in nephrology. Prospective use in therapy of kidneys and urinary tract diseases." Reviews on Clinical Pharmacology and Drug Therapy 18, no. 2 (August 16, 2020): 91–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/rcf18291-114.
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Extracellular vesicles (EVs) represent heterogeneous population of the microparticles liberated by almost all live cages which are widely investigated recently in various biological and medical areas. They usually consist of two basic types (exosomes and microvesicles) and recently draw the increasing attention in quality mesenges of the cellular alarm system. Really, these vesicles can influence on cages-recipients, transferring and delivering difficult complexes of biomolecules (the lipids, proteins, coagulation factors, antigene, nucleinic acids), protected from enzymatic to degradation in environment. Importance EVs has been shown in pathophysiology several bodies, in particular, in kidneys where various types of cages нефрона allocate EVs which mediate their communication with underlaying cages urinogenous ways. By numerous researches it is established that EVs are involved in cellular communications during the regenerative and pathological processes occurring in a kidney. During the last years also it has been proved that vesicles play an important role in normal physiology of kidneys. Though many mechanisms EVs at illnesses are still studied insufficiently, in particular, in kidneys, opening of a role of additional mechanisms can help to throw light on the biological processes proceeding in kidneys. Eventually, extracellular vesicles, allocated with nephritic cages, collect in urine, becoming, thus, the big resource as markers of illnesses urinogenous a path and the perspective noninvasive diagnostic tool at nephritic illnesses. In the present review we discuss the latest data about a role EVs in pathophysiology of kidneys and their potential prospects in diagnostics and therapy of nephritic illness.
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Morishita, Yoshiyuki, and Naoki Nakagawa. "Influence of Nutrients on Kidney Diseases." Nutrients 14, no. 6 (March 15, 2022): 1234. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu14061234.
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Ishii, Sumiyasu, and Noriyuki Koibuchi. "COUP-TFII in Kidneys, from Embryos to Sick Adults." Diagnostics 12, no. 5 (May 9, 2022): 1181. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics12051181.
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Chicken ovalbumin upstream promoter-transcription factor II (COUP-TFII) is an orphan nuclear hormone receptor of unknown ligands. This molecule has two interesting features: (1) it is a developmental gene, and (2) it is a potential hormone receptor. Here, we describe the possible roles of COUP-TFII in the organogenesis of the kidneys and protection from adult renal diseases, primarily in mouse models. COUP-TFII is highly expressed in embryos, including primordial kidneys, and is essential for the formation of metanephric mesenchyme and the survival of renal precursor cells. Although the expression levels of COUP-TFII are low and its functions are unknown in healthy adults, it serves as a reno-protectant molecule against acute kidney injury. These are good examples of how developmental genes exhibit novel functions in the etiology of adult diseases. We also discuss the ongoing research on the roles of COUP-TFII in podocyte development and diabetic kidney disease. In addition, the identification of potential ligands suggests that COUP-TFII might be a novel therapeutic target for renal diseases in the future.
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Xu, Xiangdong, and Noel Weidner. "Papillary Renal Carcinoma Arising in an Ectopic Native Kidney and Status after Renal Transplant: A Report of a Unique Case and Review of the Literature." Case Reports in Pathology 2012 (2012): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/831403.
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Renal ectopia is an uncommon developmental defect of upper urinary tract. Except for hydronephrosis and urinary calculus formation, it is believed that ectopic kidneys are not more susceptible to diseases compared to the normally positioned kidneys. Primary renal carcinoma in ectopic kidneys is rarely observed. Our literature review identified eight cases in nontransplanted patients; seven were clear-cell carcinoma and one was papillary renal carcinoma. On the other hand, native kidneys of renal transplant patients are fifteen times more likely to develop renal carcinoma than those of nontransplanted patients. Renal malignancy has never been reported in native ectopic kidneys of transplant recipients. We report the first case of a papillary renal carcinoma in a native ectopic kidney of a 30 year-old female, six-year status after renal transplantation.
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Mittal, Tarun, and Manish Rathi. "Rheumatological diseases and kidneys: a nephrologist's perspective." International Journal of Rheumatic Diseases 17, no. 8 (June 21, 2014): 834–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1756-185x.12424.
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Buchmann, W. "Diseases of the kidneys and urinary tract." British Homoeopathic journal 78, no. 1 (January 1989): 51–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0007-0785(89)80146-2.
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Khasun, M., S. A. Orlova, I. G. Kayukov, O. V. Galkina, O. N. Beresneva, M. M. Parastaeva, A. G. Kucher, and N. V. Mosina. "Uromodulin and kidneys." Nephrology (Saint-Petersburg) 24, no. 1 (January 25, 2020): 22–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.36485/1561-6274-2020-24-1-22-38.
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Uromodulin (UMO) is a multifunctional glycoprotein expressed in the epithelial cells of the thick ascending part of the loop of Henle. Currently a lot of data about mechanisms of biosynthesis, apical and basolateral transport of UMO, changes in urine and blood concentrations in different kidney compartments damage, roles of UMO in protecting kidneys from infections, maintaining mineral homeostasis, development of arterial hypertension and the participation of this glycoprotein in other physiological and pathological processes has been accumulated. The article discusses the clinical significance of UMO in the development and progression of chronic kidney disease, prognostic value of UMO urine and blood concentrations in terms of the risk of cardiovascular diseases and probability of acute kidney damage in patients with cardiovascular pathology. Briefly highlights issues of UMO gene mutation and development of autosomal dominant tubulointerstitial kidney disease.
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Dgebuadze, M., G. Svanidze, and D. Gachechiladze. "QUANTITATIVE MORPHO-FUNCTIONAL ANALYSIS OF SIMMETRY-ASIMMETRY CONDITION OF HUMAN NORMAL KIDNEY." BULGARIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY MEDICINE 23, no. 1 (2020): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.15547/tjs.2020.01.001.
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The aim of the present research was to perform quantitative morpho-functional analysis of the symmetry-asymmetry condition of human normal autopsy and “live” kidneys using the complex of morphological and ultra-sonographic methods. METHODS: Morphometric study of 10 autopsy kidneys of healthy men 36 - 60 years of age was conducted; retrospective analysis of data obtained by vital ultra-sonographic study of 65 kidneys of men without renal diseases at the same age period was performed as well. All kidneys were with a single renal artery. RESULTS: The kidney length and width are statistically significantly greater on right, than on left, but there were no statistically significant differences between right and left kidneys in thickness of the kidney and size of its parenchyma. Results of morphometric study of autopsy renal glomeruli, as well as multislice computed tomographic angiography and doppler investigation of renal artery in color duplex scan mode did not show any statistically significant differences on right and on left. CONCLUSIONS: For determining of the standard quantitative indicators of kidney it is necessary to take into account the age and gender of the studied people, as well as the effect of side.
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O’g’li, Mardonov Mirzabek Begzod, Hasanova Sevinch Ulug‘Bek Qizi, Nomozova Kamola Nuriddin Qizi, Rashidova Farangiz Musulmon Qizi, and Xushvaqtova Osiyo Asadulla Qizi. "ABOUT THE STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF THE KIDNEY." American Journal Of Biomedical Science & Pharmaceutical Innovation 03, no. 02 (February 1, 2023): 13–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/ajbspi/volume03issue01-02.
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Nowadays, the histological study of the kidney is gaining importance in medicine. In medicine and practice, diseases such as kidney stones, blood formation in the kidney - hematuria, glucose formation in the kidney - glucosuria, protein formation in the kidney - oliguria, and increased renal arterial blood pressure are increasing. Their treatment mainly focuses on the histological structure of the kidneys.
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Xu, Wenqi, Shaopeng Wang, Liping Jiang, Xiance Sun, Ningning Wang, Xiaofang Liu, Xiaofeng Yao, et al. "The influence of PM2.5 exposure on kidney diseases." Human & Experimental Toxicology 41 (January 2022): 096032712110699. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/09603271211069982.
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The harm of air pollution to public health has become a research hotspot, especially atmospheric fine-particulate matter (PM2.5). In recent years, epidemiological investigations have confirmed that PM2.5 is closely related to chronic kidney disease and membranous nephropathy Basic research has demonstrated that PM2.5 has an impact on the normal function of the kidneys through accumulation in the kidney, endothelial dysfunction, abnormal renin-angiotensin system, and immune complex deposition. Moreover, the mechanism of PM2.5 damage to the kidney involves inflammation, oxidative stress, apoptosis, DNA damage, and autophagy. In this review, we summarized the latest developments in the effects of PM2.5 on kidney disease in human and animal studies, so as to provide new ideas for the prevention and treatment of kidney disease.
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Badu, Muna, Shankar Bahadur Singh Rajbhandari, and Pashupati Regmi. "Normal Kidney Size in Nepalese Female at KMCTH." Journal of Universal College of Medical Sciences 7, no. 2 (December 31, 2019): 51–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jucms.v7i2.27139.
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INTRODUCTION: Baseline knowledge of normal kidney size is essential when evaluating patients with possible renal disease. This study was done to assess normal kidney size in Nepalese female at Kathmandu Medical College Teaching Hospital.
MATERIALAND METHODS: Prospective hospital based cross sectional study was conducted including 231 adult females without any known renal diseases from November 2018 to February 2019. Renal length was measured as longest pole to pole distance. Renal width was measured as the maximum dimension in the cross section at the level of the renal hilum. Cortical thickness was measured between outer renal margin and renal sinus in transverse plane.
RESULTS: The mean length of right and left kidneys were 96.53±8.29 mm and 100.47±9.15 mm respectively with a range of 76-120 mm and 78-120 mm respectively. The mean renal width was 46.80±6.87 mm for right kidneys and 48.61±6.64 mm for left kidneys. The mean cortical thickness were 17.03±3.58 mm for right kidneys and 17.43±3.73 mm for left kidneys. There was significant correlation between length of right and left kidney, however there was no significant correlation between kidney length with kidney width and kidney length with cortical thickness. There was no significant correlation of renal parameters with age, height, weight and body mass index.
CONCLUSION: Normal kidney size of Nepalese females visiting Kathmandu Medical College was comparable to the previous studies. This will help as future reference to evaluate abnormal kidney sizes.
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Vasaikar, Maya, Rajshri Damle, Kirti Ruikar, and Shrutika Madavi. "Pathological changes in Kidney Autops ies from North Maharashtra –A Descriptive Study." Perspectives in Medical Research 11, no. 1 (April 30, 2023): 35–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.47799/pimr.1101.06.
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Abstract Background: Chronic Kidney disease is a major public health concern. In India, the burden of chronic Kidney disease cannot be assessed properly. In such case autopsy study becomes an indispensible part of Medicine. Aim: To explore the spectrum of changes seen in kidneys and correlating it with clinical findings. Material & Methods: A descriptive study of kidneys of Medico legal autopsies from January 2019 – December 2019 was conducted. A total of 665 Medico legal autopsies were received, in 73 cases kidneys were not received, while 23 kidneys had autolytic change. A total of 569 Kidneys were included in the study. The Gross and Microscopic features along with special stains were studied and the cause of death was noted. Results: A total of 569 kidney autopsies were assessed. On Gross 26% were congested, 13% had contracted granular kidney. On Histopathological examination, Non specific changes were seen in 53.4%, specific nephropathological lesions noted were chronic pyelonephritis (8.9%), acute tubular necrosis (5.6%), sickle cell nephropathy (4.7%), tubercular nephritis (1.2%). Conclusion: Infective etiology was the commonest cause, along with sickle cell nephropathy. It has provided the spectrum of lesions seen in this area along with correlation of cause of death. Screening for diabetes mellitus and hypertension would lead to early detection and timely management which would reduce chronic kidney diseases.