Academic literature on the topic 'KF. Planning, Design, Removal'
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Journal articles on the topic "KF. Planning, Design, Removal"
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Saeed, Anwar Ameen Hezam, Noorfidza Yub Harun, Suriati Sufian, Muhammad Roil Bilad, Baiq Asma Nufida, Noor Maizura Ismail, Zaki Yamani Zakaria, Ahmad Hussaini Jagaba, Aiban Abdulhakim Saeed Ghaleb, and Baker Nasser Saleh Al-Dhawi. "Modeling and Optimization of Biochar Based Adsorbent Derived from Kenaf Using Response Surface Methodology on Adsorption of Cd2+." Water 13, no. 7 (April 5, 2021): 999. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13070999.
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Cadmium is one of the most hazardous metals in the environment, even when present at very low concentrations. This study reports the systematic development of Kenaf fiber biochar as an adsorbent for the removal of cadmium (Cd) (II) ions from water. The adsorbent development was aided by an optimization tool. Activated biochar was prepared using the physicochemical activation method, consisting of pre-impregnation with NaOH and nitrogen (N2) pyrolysis. The influence of the preparation parameters—namely, chemical impregnation (NaOH: KF), pyrolysis temperature, and pyrolysis time on biochar yield, removal rate, and the adsorption capacity of Cd (II) ions—was investigated. From the experimental data, some quadratic correlation models were developed according to the central composite design. All models demonstrated a good fit with the experimental data. The experimental results revealed that the pyrolysis temperature and heating time were the main factors that affected the yield of biochar and had a positive effect on the Cd (II) ions’ removal rate and adsorption capacity. The impregnation ratio also showed a positive effect on the specific surface area of the biochar, removal rate, and adsorption capacity of cadmium, with a negligible effect on the biochar yield. The optimal biochar-based adsorbent was obtained under the following conditions: 550 °C of pyrolysis temperature, 180 min of heating time, and a 1:1 NaOH impregnation ratio. The optimum adsorbent showed 28.60% biochar yield, 69.82% Cd (II) ions removal, 23.48 mg/g of adsorption capacity, and 160.44 m2/g of biochar-specific area.
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Murali, G., M. Murugan, K. Arunkumar, P. V. Elumalai, D. Mohanraj, and S. Prabhakar. "Investigation and Process Parameter Optimization on Wire Electric Discharge Machining of Aluminium 6082 Alloy." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2022 (September 24, 2022): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/5119056.
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Wire electrical discharge machining (WEDM) is an unconventional machining process that is being extensively used in the aerospace,medical devices, die, tooling, and automotive industries for machining high-hardness materials with conductivity. In the present work, WEDM of aluminium 6082 alloys was carried out since it influences diversified applications in manufacturing industries. The WEDM process includes an extensive number of variables that influence its execution. However, based on the literature survey, three process parameters such as pulse-on time (PTON), pulse-off time (PTOFF), and wire feed (WF) were taken into consideration. The factorial design was used for the selection of parameter levels and arrived at the 27 trails for the machining. The output responses of the WEDM, namely, surface roughness (SR), kerf width (KF), and metal removal rate (MRR) were measured, and its parameter optimization was also carried out to minimize the significant effect on productivity and the quality of components. The measured output response was compared with the predicted response surface methodology (RSM) results; it was found that the SR and KF values decreased with the increase of PTON. The MRR was increased with the increase of PTON.
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Yang, Yuqin, Jan van Aalst, and Carol Chan. "Examining Online Discourse Using the Knowledge Connection Analyzer Framework and Collaborative Tools in Knowledge Building." Sustainability 13, no. 14 (July 19, 2021): 8045. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13148045.
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This study examines the problem of the fragmentation of asynchronous online discourse by using the Knowledge Connection Analyzer (KCA) framework and tools and explores how students could use the KCA data in classroom reflections to deepen their knowledge building (KB) inquiry. We applied the KCA to nine Knowledge Forum® (KF) databases to examine the framework, identify issues with online discourse that may inform further development, and provide data on how the tools work. Our comparisons of the KCA data showed that the databases with more sophisticated teacher–researcher co-design had higher KCA indices than those with regular KF use, validating the framework. Analysis of KF discourse using the KCA helped identify several issues including limited collaboration among peers, underdeveloped practices of synthesizing and rising above of collective ideas, less analysis of conceptual development of discussion threads, and limited collaborative reflection on individual contribution and promising inquiry direction. These issues that open opportunities for further development cannot be identified by other present analytics tools. The exploratory use of the KCA in real classroom revealed that the KCA can support students’ productive reflective assessment and KB. This study discusses the implications for examining and scaffolding online discussions using the KCA assessment framework, with a focus on collective perspectives regarding community knowledge, synthesis, idea improvement, and contribution to community understanding.
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Antonieti, Caio César, and Yovanka Pérez Ginoris. "Removal of Cylindrospermopsin by Adsorption on Granular Activated Carbon, Selection of Carbons and Estimated Fixed-Bed Breakthrough." Water 14, no. 10 (May 19, 2022): 1630. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w14101630.
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Climate change and the increase in the availability of nutrients in aquatic environments have increased the occurrence of cyanobacterial blooms which can produce cyanotoxins such as cylindrospermopsin (CYN). Activated carbon adsorption have been proved to be efficient for CYN removal. In the present study, a carbon with high CYN adsorption capacity was identified between two granular activated carbons. For this carbon was estimated the operating time of a full-scale granular activated carbon column under different empty bed contact times (EBCT). The fixed-bed breakthrough was estimated using the Homogeneous Surface Diffusion Model (HSDM). Wood carbon showed greater capacity to remove CYN. The experimental equilibrium data best fitted Langmuir isotherm model, in which wood carbon had a maximum adsorption capacity of 3.67 μg/mg and Langmuir adsorption constant of 0.2791 L/μg. The methodology produced satisfactory results where the HSDM simulated the fixed-bed breakthrough with a coefficient of determination of 0.89, to the film diffusion coefficient (Kf) of 9 × 10−6 m/s and surface diffusion coefficient (Ds) of 3 × 10−16 m2/s. It was observed that the increase in EBCT promotes a reduction in the carbon use rate. The best carbon use rate found was 0.43 kg/m3 for a EBCT of 10 min and breakthrough time of 183.6 h.
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Lalwani, Vishal, Priyaranjan Sharma, Catalin Iulian Pruncu, and Deepak Rajendra Unune. "Response Surface Methodology and Artificial Neural Network-Based Models for Predicting Performance of Wire Electrical Discharge Machining of Inconel 718 Alloy." Journal of Manufacturing and Materials Processing 4, no. 2 (May 6, 2020): 44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmmp4020044.
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This paper deals with the development and comparison of prediction models established using response surface methodology (RSM) and artificial neural network (ANN) for a wire electrical discharge machining (WEDM) process. The WEDM experiments were designed using central composite design (CCD) for machining of Inconel 718 superalloy. During experimentation, the pulse-on-time (TON), pulse-off-time (TOFF), servo-voltage (SV), peak current (IP), and wire tension (WT) were chosen as control factors, whereas, the kerf width (Kf), surface roughness (Ra), and materials removal rate (MRR) were selected as performance attributes. The analysis of variance tests was performed to identify the control factors that significantly affect the performance attributes. The double hidden layer ANN model was developed using a back-propagation ANN algorithm, trained by the experimental results. The prediction accuracy of the established ANN model was found to be superior to the RSM model. Finally, the Non-Dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm-II (NSGA- II) was implemented to determine the optimum WEDM conditions from multiple objectives.
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Urgun-Demirtas, M., K. R. Pagilla, T. E. Kunetz, J. P. Sobanski, and K. P. Law. "Nutrient removal process selection for planning and design of large wastewater treatment plant upgrade needs." Water Science and Technology 57, no. 9 (May 1, 2008): 1345–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2008.223.
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A protocol to select nutrient removal technologies that can achieve low nutrient effluents (total nitrogen (TN) < 5 mg/L and total phosphorus (TP) < 0.5 mg/L) was developed for different wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) sizes based on the research conducted during a Water Environment Research Foundation funded project. The adaptable protocol includes technology and cost assessment of feasible (pre-screened) nutrient removal technologies that are being successfully implemented at full scale. The information collected from the full scale nutrient removal plants to develop this protocol includes design, operational, performance, and cost data through a direct survey of plants, and published data. The protocol includes a “technology threshold” approach consisting of Tier I (TN < 5.0 mg/L; TP < 0.5 mg/L) and Tier II (TN < 3.0 mg/L; TP < 0.1 mg/L) effluent nutrient levels for different plant sizes. A very large WWTP (1,250,000 m3/day flow) in Chicago, Illinois, USA adapted this protocol for master planning and design of future nutrient removal facilities based on plant and site specific criteria.
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MacCollum, David. "Design-Based Safety." Journal of System Safety 53, no. 2 (July 1, 2017): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.56094/jss.v53i2.86.
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The role of system safety engineers is to ensure the inclusion of design-based safety so that projects are completed ahead of schedule and under budget. Removal of hazards during planning and project design includes examining each piece of equipment to be used on the construction project. Most serious construction injuries and deaths caused by workplace accidents can be traced to inherent hazardous design defects. Construction workers are often unaware of these defects and, even if they are aware, they have no authority to improve on the design.
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Šolić, Marko, Snežana Maletić, Marijana Kragulj Isakovski, Jasmina Nikić, Malcolm Watson, Zoltan Kónya, and Jelena Tričković. "Comparing the Adsorption Performance of Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes Oxidized by Varying Degrees for Removal of Low Levels of Copper, Nickel and Chromium(VI) from Aqueous Solutions." Water 12, no. 3 (March 6, 2020): 723. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12030723.
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Functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) have drawn wide attention in recent years as novel materials for the removal of heavy metals from the aquatic media. This paper investigates the effect that the functionalization (oxidation) process duration time (3 h or 6 h) has on the ability of MWCNTs to treat water contaminated with low levels of Cu(II), Ni(II) and Cr(VI) (initial concentrations 0.5–5 mg L−1) and elucidates the adsorption mechanisms involved. Adsorbent characterization showed that the molar ratio of C and O in these materials was slightly lower for the oxMWCNT6h, due to the higher degree of oxidation, but the specific surface areas and mesopore volumes of these materials were very similar, suggesting that prolonging the functionalization duration had an insignificant effect on the physical characteristics of oxidized multiwalled carbon nanotubes (oxMWCNTs). Increasing the Ph of the solutions from Ph 2 to Ph 8 had a large positive impact on the removal of Cu(II) and Ni(II) by oxMWCNT, but reduced the adsorption of Cr(VI). However, the ionic strength of the solutions had far less pronounced effects. Coupled with the results of fitting the kinetics data to the Elowich and Weber–Morris models, we conclude that adsorption of Cu(II) and Ni(II) is largely driven by electrostatic interactions and surface complexation at the interface of the adsorbate/adsorbent system, whereas the slower adsorption of Cr(VI) on the oxMWCNTs investigated is controlled by an additional chemisorption step where Cr(VI) is reduced to Cr(III). Both oxMWCNT3h and oxMWCNT6h have high adsorption affinities for the heavy metals investigated, with adsorption capacities (expressed by the Freundlich coefficient KF) ranging from 1.24 to 13.2 (mg g−1)/(mg l−1)n, highlighting the great potential such adsorbents have in the removal of heavy metals from aqueous solutions.
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Singh, Rajendra, Fei Zhao, Qian Ji, Jothivel Saravanan, and Dafang Fu. "Design and Performance Characterization of Roadside Bioretention Systems." Sustainability 11, no. 7 (April 5, 2019): 2040. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11072040.
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In the current study, three roadside bioretention systems with different configurations were constructed to investigate their pollutant removal efficiency in different rainfall recurrence intervals. The bioretention systems (referred as units) (unit A: 700 mm height material without submerged zone; unit B: 400 mm height material with 300 mm submerged zone; unit C: 400 mm height material without submerged zone) were used to conduct the rainfall events with uniform 120 min rainfall duration for 2-, 5-, 10-, 15-, and 30-year recurrence intervals. Results reveal that the gradual increase of rainfall return period would have negative effects on TN and NH4+-N removal. The higher filler layer may increase pollutant removal efficiency. Setting a submerged zone could improve the CODMn and TN removal compared to TP and NH4+-N removal. The values for comprehensive reduction rate of pollutant load in the three bioretention systems were recorded as follows: 64% in SS, 50%~80% in TP, 69% in NH4+-N, and 28%~53% in NO3-N separately. These results provide greater understanding of the design and treatment performance of bioretention systems.
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Iqbal, Nida, Sami A. Al-Hussain, Fozia Batool, Amina Mumtaz, Ali Irfan, Sobia Noreen, Muhammad Mustaqeem, and Magdi E. A. Zaki. "Alginate-Based Sustainable Green Composites of Polymer and Reusable Birm for Mitigation of Malachite Green Dye: Characterization and Application for Water Decontamination." Sustainability 15, no. 4 (February 9, 2023): 3194. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15043194.
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Environmental sustainability appraisal of adsorption for exclusion of the malachite green toxic dye was the center of attention in this work. The influenced goals were to analyze the consequences of novel composites fabricated by sodium alginate with guar gum and birm (SA@GG@B composites) by ion gelation. This work not only explains the feasibility of the sorbent and its application for the removal of dye stuff but also proclaimed various effects of different parameters affecting the removal efficiency. Adsorption processes were carried out in the batch process. The composite was characterized by SEM, which revealed that the irregular surface of composites has pores present for high adsorption, FTIR (for functional groups detection) reveals the presence of –OH group which provides attachment sites for dye, and BET (surface analysis) with a surface area of 5.01 m2/g shows that it has a wide surface area for greater adsorption process. Adsorption was performed on synthetic composites by varying different parameters like contact time, the concentration of sorbent and sorbate, and pH. Maximum adsorption was achieved (92.7%) at 100 ppm initial concentration, 120 min interaction time, and pH 9. Adsorption isotherms (Freundlich, Langmuir, Dubnin, and Elvoich isotherm) were applied in this work and evaluated the adsorption phenomenon and nature of adsorption. Freundlich adsorption capacity KF (9.45) reveals effective adsorption of dye by the proposed adsorbent. The kinetics models show that it was better with the pseudo-second-order reaction. Effective removal of malachite green by synthesized composites reveals their importance for the industrial water purification from hazardous dyes.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "KF. Planning, Design, Removal"
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Zewde, Sara. "Theory, place, and opportunity : black urbanism as a design strategy for the potential removal of the Claiborne Expressway in New Orleans." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/59769.
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Thesis (M.C.P.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 2010.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 116-123).
As WEB DuBois notes in his seminal work, The Souls of Black Folk, "it is a peculiar sensation, this sense of always looking at one's self through the eyes of others, of measuring one's soul by the tape of the world that looks on in amused contempt and pity [...]." The Black person wishes to merge the double-consciousness, but "would not Africanize America, for America has too much to teach the world and Africa. He would not bleach his Negro soul in a flood of white Americanism, for he knows that Negro blood has a message for the world. He simply wishes to make it possible for a man to be both a Negro and an American...". And, hence, it is within this space, in the chasm created by double-consciousness, within which Black Urbanism aims to draw from. A Black Urbanism discourse assumes there is a latent genius in that space, untapped by contemporary design and planning literature and practice. My thesis aims to develop a theory of "Black Urbanism," and derive a set of employable design principles. Black communities contribute greatly to the liveliness and culture of cities, however, their contributions are seldom engaged meaningfully by planners/designers; the framework is intended to fold Black Urban principles into a larger understanding of how cities function and thrive and to develop a tool not only for analysis, but also for the active role of designing new spaces. In light of the search for a sustainable urbanism, the retrofitting of America's urban landscapes offers a major opportunity to apply this approach, as much of what is considered "wasted landscape" may be disproportionately located in communities of color. I explore the history of the federal interstate system, its disproportionate construction in Black neighborhoods, and the growing argument for the removal of elevated expressways in cities' urban core. In New Orleans, the Claiborne Expressway, a spur off of Interstate 10 planned by Robert Moses, runs through the heart of what is considered America's first Black neighborhood, and the neighborhood that birthed jazz. I explore the local manifestations of Black Urbanism on the street and describe the opportunities for a Black Urban design strategy to revive the sense of place and scale should the freeway be removed.
by Sara Zewde.
M.C.P.
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Schmidt, Annette Karin. "Leit- und Orientierungssysteme in Bibliotheksneubauten." Thesis, 2011. http://eprints.rclis.org/17356/1/Annette%20Schmidt%20Bachelorarbeit-Endfassung1.pdf.
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This bachelor thesis describes the basic components of a guidance and orientation system which is discussed under special consideration of signage. The study clarify whether an applied signage within the design of the guidance and orientation system will improve the orientation in a library and beyond that if it will have impacts on the well-being of the user and furthermore on the image nof the library. The developed properties of a guidance and orientation system with a good information design are shown at two examples of public libraries: The Mediothek Krefeld and the cental public library Hamm. At the end of this thesis, I will summarize the results and give some preview of upcoming trends in the design of control and guidance systems.
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Ferreira, Ana Cabete, Ana Lontro Correia, Dulce Rocha Vieira, Graça Diogo Marques, and Sérgio Mangas. "O agora das bibliotecas ou a biblioteca ágora : bibliotecas públicas, coworking e inovação." Thesis, 2013. http://eprints.rclis.org/20485/1/Biblioteca-agora.pdf.
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In a context of evolving technological and social changes, leading to today's information and knowledge society, we aim to understand the new concept of public library, and what services and spaces are emerging all over the world in public libraries in order to attract new users and meet the needs of people. As background, we associate the role of public libraries with the policies for smart, sustainable and inclusive growth strategies under Europe Strategy 2020. We present a new concept of public library that responds to the new challenges of today linking them with the educational, cultural, social, political and informative roles it plays. In this sense, there was a concern to demonstrate the importance of public libraries in the development of integrated cultural, social and educational policies through some concrete relevant examples, namely: the Library Parks in Medellin, Colombia ( with a distinctly social dimension), the BiblioRedes program in Chile (with a focus on information and communication technologies) and the National Program of Public Libraries (RNBP), which, to date, has provided Portugal with more than two hundred modern public libraries . Finally, under these new spaces and facilities offered by public libraries, they tried to develop the concept of public libraries as an area of work through several examples that have in common the concept of co-working. Based on this concept we propose the creation of co-working spaces in public libraries, through an actual project to be implemented in the Municipal Library of Montemor-o-Velho.
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Echavarría-Ramírez, Andrés-Felipe, and Jacobo Nader-Ceballos. "Uso del área de proceso Service Delivery (SD) de CMMI for services, versión 1.3 como guía para servicios en bibliotecas universitarias en el Valle del Cauca." Thesis, 2012. http://eprints.rclis.org/22722/1/procesos_servicios_delivery.pdf.
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The university in the Valle del Cauca and the rest of the world , libraries have a changing dynamic , with various proposals to modify the requirements of academic, technological and business world. These demands are guided by compliance with quality models seeking an adjustment to the environment and require a fixed results , in the case of ISO 9000, EFQM model FUNDIBEC , among others. Another way to respond to the new challenges of the university environment , has introduced new paradigms in the management of library services and resources based on technology models , the case of Integrated Learning Centers , Informations Commons and Learning Commons , all country proposals such as America, Canada, England and Spain , where the use of technology to support teaching and learning processes , research and production of knowledge, show alternatives. To achieve the construction of a specific guide to the creation and improvement of academic library services , the basis is the Service Delivery process area or SD of CMMI for Services ( CMMI -SVC ) , the Software Engineering Institute , a used model for software companies , using as base 5 maturity levels , where companies conducted a series of best practices proposed in 24 process areas , to have as a desired result, the scheduled maturity. This process area in particular, to find in it a complete service-oriented basis , responding to technology integration , human, physical and financial resources are chosen. The final result shows an adaptation of the Service Delivery process area of CMM- SVC , the context of university libraries , through a guide that houses the practices proposed by the original model and transforms them into activities using tools and methodologies area of librarianship , management and telecommunications . The application of the generic goals and generic practices are outside the scope and should be part of the institutionalization process , organized by each university.
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Sallau, Mohammed. "Human and Institutional Factors as Challenges to Use of Mobile Technologies for Team-Based Learning: Case Study of Three Tertiary Institutions in Ede, Osun state." Thesis, 2020. http://eprints.rclis.org/42254/1/Mohammed%27s%20BLIS%20Final%20Project.pdf.
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The study was motivated by the need to find out the factors that determined team based learning in tertiary institutions in Ede, Osun State, Nigeria. The researcher observed that the rate in which students in tertiary institutions get involved in team based learning is considerably high. It was also observed that very little has been done to assess the factors that determine the use of mobile technologies and academic and research libraries for team based learning by undergraduate students. The case study research method was adopted to carry out the study in three tertiary institutions in Ede, Osun State, Nigeria. Purposive sampling technique was used to select the one thousand one hundred undergraduate students that constituted the study’s sample population. The questionnaire was adopted as the study’s data collection instrument. The simple percentage score was used as the study’s data analysis technique. The study revealed three indicators of human factors namely, trust, sense of competition and willingness to share knowledge as the human factors that impact the extent to which mobile technologies are used to facilitate communication among members of team based learning groups. The study also revealed three indicators namely, space, rules outlawing group discussion and rules outlawing use of mobile technologies as factors prevalent in academic and research libraries that determine the use of academic and research library by members of team based learning groups. The study concludes that human factors are instrumental to the extent to which mobile technologies can support team based learning and that academic and research libraries must reassess their rules and regulations from the point of view the requirements of team based learning needs. Recommendations were made to students on how to manage human factors and academic and research libraries on how to implement rules that will not hamper team based learning. The study is useful to students, lecturers, librarians and administrators of tertiary institutions.
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Dehais, Mary. "Bioretention: Evaluating their Effectiveness for Improving Water Quality in New England Urban Environments." 2011. https://scholarworks.umass.edu/theses/595.
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Nonpoint source (NPS) pollution is one of the leading causes of water quality problems in the United States. Bioretention has become one of the more frequently used stormwater management practices for addressing NPS pollution in urbanized watersheds in New England. Yet despite increased acceptance, bioretention is not widely practiced. This study explores and evaluates the efficacy of bioretention for protecting urban water quality.
This research found that numerous monitoring methods are used by researchers and industry experts to assess the effectiveness of stormwater best management practices (BMPs) and low impact development (LID) practices that include bioretention. The two most common methods for analyzing and evaluating water quality data are pollutant removal efficiency and effluent quality. While effluent quality data is useful for characterizing classes of BMP treatment performance on a statistical basis, pollutant removal efficiency is more representative of the actual pollutant load being reduced by the stormwater treatment practice over time, and is used in Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) assessments. However, despite this difference, monitoring is still arguably the best method for determining the effectiveness of stormwater treatment practices.
Monitoring of bioretention performance results is needed to inform improvements to design standards and guidance to aid state and local municipalities in the proper selection of bioretention/stormwater controls. This study advocates for instituting fine-scale, “safe-to-fail” design experiments as part of an adaptive management process that is used to advance bioretention design guidance and future applications of monitoring practice(s) that target reduction of pollutants in downstream receiving waterbodies. This innovative approach could result in increased use of bioretention in New England urban environments.
Books on the topic "KF. Planning, Design, Removal"
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Office, General Accounting. Nuclear waste: Greater use of removal actions could cut time and cost for cleanups : report to the Chairman, Subcommittee on Military Procurement, Committee on National Security, House of Representatives. Washington, D.C: U.S. General Accounting Office, 1996.
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Nuclear waste: Greater use of removal actions could cut time and cost for cleanups : report to the Chairman, Subcommittee on Military Procurement, Committee on National Security, House of Representatives. Washington, D.C: The Office, 1996.
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Nuclear waste: Greater use of removal actions could cut time and cost for cleanups : report to the Chairman, Subcommittee on Military Procurement, Committee on National Security, House of Representatives. Washington, D.C: The Office, 1996.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "KF. Planning, Design, Removal"
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Li, Ning, and Yang Liu. "Sustainable Design in Urban Green Space." In Sustainability in Urban Planning and Design. IntechOpen, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.90026.
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As a fundamental part of the urban function, urban green space faced a long-term maintenance requirement. The maintenance of urban green space (i.e., trimming, irrigation, fertilization, pesticide, and plant waste removal) can have environmental impacts, such as energy consumption and greenhouse gas (GHG) emission. This chapter focuses on the adjustment of the plant communities’ combinations in urban green space to reduce the environmental impacts in long-term maintenance. The plant communities in urban green spaces are a combination of four plant layers: woodland, shrubs, herbicides, and grassland. In this chapter, we will start to investigate the environmental impacts in the maintenance of urban green space. Then we introduced the quantitative method life cycle assessment (LCA), to quantify the environmental impacts of the maintenance tasks. We analyzed the maintenance environmental impact (MEI) index of 95 plant community samples (20 m × 20 m) in Zhengzhou (China) through LCA and sorted out the changing curves of the MEI index during the change of the combined amount in each plant layers. Finally, we sorted out the MEI strength of the plant layers and summarized the low MEI plant community model. The low MEI model can save energy consumption and GHG emissions of the maintenance tasks, to contribute to the sustainable development of the urban green space.
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Drabier, Renee, and Daniel E. Burgard. "From Stacks to Collaborative Learning Commons." In Cases on Educational Technology Planning, Design, and Implementation, 134–52. IGI Global, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-4237-9.ch008.
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The University of North Texas Health Science Center (UNTHSC) completed a project to transform traditional, print-centric library space into an open, technology-enabled learning commons. The library’s print collection was dramatically reduced to create a new Collaborative Learning Commons in areas formerly occupied by bookshelves. Removal of books, journals, and shelving was carefully planned based on the needs of students, researchers, and clinicians. Following the print collection reduction, the new physical commons development included changing walls, replacing flooring, adding electrical and network connections, installing advanced technology resources, and using innovative furnishings to promote collaboration. The major accomplishments of this project include repurposing of library space to serve modern health science student needs through the creation of vibrant meeting and workspaces, expansion of access to educational technologies, and increased access to library scholarly information resources via a significant investment in electronic resources.
Conference papers on the topic "KF. Planning, Design, Removal"
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Ertelt, Christoph, and Kristina Shea. "An Application of Shape Grammars to Planning for CNC Machining." In ASME 2009 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2009-86827.
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Planning for Computerized Numerical Control (CNC) fabrication requires generation of process plans for the fabrication of parts that can be executed on CNC enabled machine tools. To create such plans, a large amount of domain specific knowledge is required to map the desired geometry of a part to a manufacturing process, thus decomposing design information into a set of feasible machining operations. Approaches to automate this planning process still rely heavily on human capabilities, such as planning and reasoning about geometry in relation to machining capabilities. In this paper, the authors present a new, shape grammar-based approach for automatically creating fabrication plans for CNC machining from a given part geometry. To avoid the use of static feature sets and their pre-defined mappings to machining operations, the method encodes knowledge of fundamental machine capabilities. A method for generating a vocabulary of removal volume shapes based on the available tool set and machine tool motions is defined in combination with a basic rule set for shape removal covering tool motion, removal volume calculation and CNC code generation. The use of shape grammars as a formalism enables systematic formulation of hard and soft constraints on spatial relations between the volume to be removed and the removal volume shape for a machining operation. The method is validated using an example of machining a simple part on a milling machine. Overall, the approach and method presented is an enabler for the creation of an autonomous fabrication system and CNC machine tools that are able to reason about part geometry in relation to available capabilities and carry out on-line planning for CNC fabrication.
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Hatanaka, Motohide, and Mark R. Cutkosky. "Process Planning for Embedding Flexible Materials in Multi-Material Prototypes." In ASME 2003 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2003/dfm-48166.
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We describe a set of techniques to permit the fabrication of multi-material layered prototypes with embedded flexible components such as reinforcing fibers, fabrics and electrical wiring. The main challenges are to maintain the shapes of the flexible elements during processing and to control precisely the geometries of adjacent regions of part material without either damaging the flexible elements or being hindered by them. The solutions involve sequences of controlled deposition and/or removal of part material and sacrificial “buffer” material. Functional considerations concerning strength and fatigue life may induce additional constraints on the processing sequence. Where conventional material removal is impractical, we present a new approach involving a hybrid of photolithography and shape deposition manufacturing. Alternative methods of achieving similar functions without cross-boundary embedding can ease fabrication and even improve performance. Design and process selection guidelines have been composed based on fabrication experience.
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Ruan, Jianzhong, Kunnayut Eiamsa-ard, Jun Zhang, and F. W. Liou. "Automatic Process Planning of a Multi-Axis Hybrid Manufacturing System." In ASME 2002 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2002/dac-34138.
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With the integration of multi-axis layered manufacturing and material removal (machining) processes, a hybrid system has more capability and flexibility to build complicated geometry with a single setup. Process planning to integrate the two different processes is a key issue. In this paper, an algorithm of adaptive slicing for five-axis Laser Aided Manufacturing Process (LAMP) is summarized which can generate uniform- or non-uniform slices. In order to avoid interruption in the deposition process for one slice, a skeleton-based offset deposition tool-path method is used to generate continuous moving paths. A method to build a non uniform (thickness) layer which utilizes two processes is presented and an overall algorithm for integration is described. The newly developed algorithm implemented in the process planning helps the hybrid system build part more efficiently.
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Lim, Theodore, James Ritchie, and Craig Fletcher. "From Gameplay Experience to Haptic-Aided Process Planning." In ASME 2015 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2015-46500.
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Process planning incorporating material removal is a critical phase in the realization of a product between design and manufacture where all the decisions are made and documented with regard to how the product is going to be manufactured. Any decisions at this point can have a major impact on final cost and quality. While computer-aided process planning (CAPP) systems are widely available, evidence suggests that they are unable to meet users’ expectations sufficiently as indicated by their low commercial uptake. This research investigated the reasons why and defined a systematic approach for the cross platform evaluation of process planning systems with regard to their usability. A haptic-based virtual reality process planning was benchmarked against traditional process planning, enabling the development of a reproducible usability evaluation for CAPP systems. A method inspired from assessing game immersion was implemented to determine the users’ subjective perceptions of the two systems whilst objective data was gathered to capture unbiased comparative information and quantify any differences. A SWOT analysis was also carried out in order to obtain a deeper understanding of any issues found. Results showed that the haptic system was perceived to provide a more user friendly and intuitive interface compared to traditional process planning, particularly for novice process planners. Additionally, all users exhibited less cognitive load overall when using haptics.
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Yi, Xianzhong. "Tool Path Planning Algorithm of Normal Curvature Approach Milling Model for Freeform Surfaces." In ASME 2001 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2001/cie-21297.
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Abstract The normal curvature approach model is a new milling method of machining complex freeform surfaces presented in this paper based on 5-axis CNC machines. For this milling model, its key is to optimize the CL-data of whirlwind milling tool so that the symmetric rotational surface, which is generated while the whirlwind milling tool rotates, can closely approach to the surface being machined. Then, this method evidently raises the material removal rate at the point of contact and efficiently improves the machining productivity. In the paper, a new-typed whirlwind milling tool with standard-sized circular cutters is introduced, and a special 5-axis CNC horizontal bed-typed milling machine is used in manufacturing the freeform surfaces. The tool path generation algorithm about normal curvature approach milling method and its typical examples are analyzed in detail.
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D’Souza, Roshan M., and Zaryab Ahmad. "Applications of Genetic Algorithms in Process-Planning: Tool Sequence Selection for 2.5D Pocket Machining." In ASME 2006 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2006-99368.
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Rapid tool change mechanisms in modern CNC machines have enabled the use of multiple tools (sequence of tools) to machine a given pocket. Larger diameter tools that have higher material removal rates are used to clear large open spaces, smaller tools are used for clean up. The challenge lies in selecting that particular combination of tools that minimizes total cost. Previously, we developed algorithms based on network optimization to find the best tool sequence given a list of cutters, cutting parameters and pocket geometry. The formulation was based on certain assumptions that did not account for tool holder geometry. It also required the evaluation of all possible tool-pair combinations for a given tool set. This can get time consuming if the tool set is large. In this paper, we present a genetic algorithm based method to select optimal tool sequences. The algorithm was implemented and bench marked against the graph algorithm. We have found that the GA based method is able to find a near optimal tool sequence without evaluating up to 30% of all possible tool-pairs.
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Doran, Michael P., Matteo M. Smullin, and Karl R. Haapala. "An Approach to Compare Sustainability Performance of Additive and Subtractive Manufacturing During Process Planning." In ASME 2016 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2016-60209.
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Additive manufacturing is a family of processes that has been gaining attention recently by industry, researchers, and policy makers. Many claims have been made about improved sustainability performance over traditional subtractive machining processes. However, these claims have not been substantiated through sustainability characterization. This paper presents a method to compare several sustainability metrics for parts of varying size produced by additive and subtractive manufacturing processes. The production of a part is modeled using direct energy deposition (DED) as the representative additive process and milling as the representative subtractive process. The results indicate that milling has superior performance than DED when relatively small volumes of material are removed from an initial workpiece. As more material is removed by milling, the difference between the performance of DED and milling decreases. With increasing material removal volumes, DED becomes the superior process from a sustainable manufacturing perspective. This research gives decision makers a demonstrated approach and selection windows for the superior process type for a given workpiece design and preselected sustainability assessment metrics.
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Kim, Yong Se, and Eric Wang. "Machining Feature Recognition for Cast Then Machined Parts." In ASME 1999 Design Engineering Technical Conferences. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc99/cie-9117.
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Abstract We present a method to recognize machining features for the domain of cast-then-machined parts. Non-interacting volumetric machining features are recognized through a face pattern based recognition approach, and are filtered out of the part model. From the filtered part model and the specification of part surfaces as being cast or machined, we systematically generate the surface machining features and the starting workpiece, which represents the casting output in sufficient detail to support machining process planning. By subtracting the filtered part from its starting workpiece, we obtain the removal volume that is to be realized through machining operations. We apply the feature recognition method using Alternating Sum of Volumes With Partitioning (ASVP) Decomposition to decompose this removal volume into volumetric machining features.
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Ertelt, Christoph, and Kristina Shea. "Generative Design and CNC Fabrication Using Shape Grammars." In ASME 2008 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2008-49856.
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Generative design and fabrication refers to the ability to autonomously generate designs while simultaneously generating all information to directly fabricate them. This technique is driven by the increasing need to rapidly and flexibly fabricate customized parts and individually designed products. For the automation of the design-to-fabrication process chain, intensive and dynamically updated knowledge from the domains of design and fabrication must be provided. To allow for a flexible, autonomous fabrication, the knowledge modeled must dynamically reflect the state of the fabrication system and its capabilities. This paper presents an approach to unify knowledge for generative design and generative fabrication using shape grammars. With shape grammars, the geometry of designs and their mapping to removal volumes corresponding to fabrication processes on CNC machine tools are represented. The process instructions for fabrication are included by augmenting the removal volume shapes with labels. A new shape grammar approach to represent designs and fabrication processes is presented and validated on an example functional part as a proof-of-concept. The approach enables pushing knowledge downstream, from design and process planning directly to the fabrication system itself providing a stepping stone towards awareness of machine capabilities in fabrication systems and autonomous process planning for customized parts.
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Prombanpong, S., R. L. Lewis, and A. B. Bishop. "A Computer-Aided Fixture Design System With Process Planning Integration for Prismatic Parts Manufactured on CNC Machining Centers." In ASME 1992 International Computers in Engineering Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/cie1992-0045.
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Abstract Jigs and fixtures are indispensable tools in various manufacturing processes. These processes include metal removal, assembly, welding, and inspection processes. Not only do jigs and fixtures facilitate the operations, but also provide quick loading/unloading, proper and consistent supporting and locating of a workpiece. As a result, the workpiece can be manufactured economically in proportion to the volume of production. With the advent of computer aided design and computer aided manufacturing together with an increasing power of both computer hardware and software, computerized fixture design systems become feasible and more sophisticated. The current computerized fixture design systems are developed utilizing several approaches ranging from simple interactive placement of fixture components to sophisticated generative systems. However, one of the common drawbacks of these systems is a lack of process planning integration in the fixture design considerations. As a result, the contradiction between fixture design generated by the computerized fixture design system and a process plan generated by a process planner or by computer aided process planning software always occurs. In other words, the fixture set-ups and workpiece orientation are not congruent to the process plan. This paper serves to discuss a solution to the problem mentioned above. A mathematical model was developed to integrate process planning in fixture design considerations. An optimized fixture design system will be presented and discussed. Examples of tested cases are also presented.