Relevant bibliographies by topics / KF-2HF

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Academic literature on the topic 'KF-2HF'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 28 June 2022
Last updated: 6 July 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "KF-2HF"

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Devilliers, D., H. Groult, O. Kerrec, and M. Chemla. "Impedance Measurements in KF-2HF Melts." Materials Science Forum 73-75 (January 1991): 373–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.73-75.373.

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Groult, Henri, and Didier Devilliers. "Fluorine evolution at carbon/KF–2HF interface." Journal of Fluorine Chemistry 101, no. 2 (February 2000): 263–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0022-1139(99)00168-2.

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3

Conway, Con, and S. Y. Qian. "Unusual kinetic behavior in cathodic H2 evolution from KF.2HF melts at mild-steel and alloy electrodes." Chemical Industry 58, no. 6 (2004): 259–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/hemind0406259c.

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Apart from its interest as a "model" process for kinetic studies of gas-evolving electrode reactions, the cathodic hydrogen evolution reaction (her) is involved in several processes that are of importance in applied electrochemistry, e.g., as the cathodic co-reactions in the commercial production of C12 and F2, in electrolyses for production of hydrogen, in electrochemical hydrogenation and, indirectly, as the partial process in corrosion of base metals in the absence of oxygen. The present paper reports several aspects of the unusual behavior of the her that is involved as the co-reaction to electrolytic production of F2 from KF/HF melts using carbon anodes and Fe or mild-steel cathodes. Anomalous anodic polarization behavior that arises in electrolytic generation of F2 from KF/HF melts at carbon electrodes is well known. It is characterized by very high Tafel slopes associated with "CF" film formation and by sluggish F2 bubble disengagement from the electrode. Interest in such effects has, however, tended to overshadow rather similar, so-called "hyper polarization" effects that also arise in the cathodic reaction, but for different reasons. The origins and nature of such effects are described and characterized in the present paper, and comparisons are made between behavior of Hz evolution from KF.2HF and that from the aquo-system analogue, KOH.2H2O. An important aspect is the very different interfacial behavior in KF/HF or KF.2HF melts from that in the corresponding aquo-system. Effects of As-species in HF feeds is investigated in terms of electro catalysis and poisoning effects on the her.
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Simon, Christian, Thierry Cartailler, and Pierre Turq. "Selected transport properties of 2HF–KF using molecular dynamics." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 3, no. 15 (2001): 3119–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b100944n.

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Simon, Christian, Thierry Cartailler, and Pierre Turq. "Structure and speciation of liquid 2HF/KF: A molecular dynamics study." Journal of Chemical Physics 117, no. 8 (August 22, 2002): 3772–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1494795.

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Devilliers, D., B. Teisseyre, H. Groult, and M. Chemla. "Production of Fluorine with Large Amplitude AC Signals in KF-2HF Melts." Materials Science Forum 73-75 (January 1991): 381–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.73-75.381.

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Seto, K. S. H., and B. Ikeda. "Model Passivated Carbon Electrodes for Fluorine Generation in Molten KF-2HF Electrolyte." ECS Transactions 53, no. 21 (October 6, 2013): 57–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/05321.0057ecst.

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Groult, H., D. Devilliers, F. Lantelme, J. P. Caire, M. Combel, and F. Nicolas. "Origin of the Anodic Overvoltage Observed during Fluorine Evolution in KF-2HF." Journal of The Electrochemical Society 149, no. 12 (2002): E485. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/1.1516776.

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Rouquette-Sanchez, Sylvie. "Electrochemical Behavior of Nickel in the 2HF-KF Mixture at 80°C." ECS Proceedings Volumes 1990-17, no. 1 (January 1990): 492–514. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/199017.0492pv.

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Devilliers, D., B. Teisseyre, and M. Chemla. "Electrolytic generation of fluorine with KF—2HF metls containing AlF3 or LiF." Electrochimica Acta 35, no. 1 (January 1990): 153–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0013-4686(90)85053-p.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "KF-2HF"

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Hollinshead, Katharine. "Hydrogen evolution in KF.2HF." Thesis, Loughborough University, 1987. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/33001.

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This thesis describes an electrochemical investigation of the processes occurring at the hydrogen evolving cathode during the industrial production of fluorine in molten KF–2HF. A 1A laboratory cell, designed for the purposes of the project, is described. Observations of the operation of this cell are reported. A comparison of a range of electrode materials is given, both with regard to electrochemical overvoltage and the bubbling releasing characteristics, for which photographic evidence is presented. In addition, measurements of the ohmic potential drop, caused by the presence of bubbles, were made for different bubble types. Included in the above is a description of any effects of metallic impurities present in the melt both on overvoltage and bubble release. A mechanistic study of hydrogen evolution on platinum is described and compared with the reaction at a mild steel electrode. A preliminary investigation into the use of parallel strand expanded metal electrodes was made and further photographic evidence presented.
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Simon, Christian. "Etude du mélange 2HF/KF par dynamique moléculaire numérique." Paris 6, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA066227.

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Falcon, Tomy. "Microstructuration de l'anode carbonée pour optimiser la production de fluor par électrolyse KF-2HF." Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne‎ (2017-2020), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019CLFAC090.

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Le fluor gazeux est produit industriellement par électrolyse d’un sel fondu de KF-2HF à 95°C sur une anode en carbone non graphitisé. Au contact du gaz produit, la surface se fluore et se couvre de fluorocarbones qui vont accroitre l’affinité du fluor pour la surface ; les bulles s’étalent alors et les performances diminuent car la surface active diminue. Ce problème s’ajoute au caractère isolant électronique des fluorocarbones solides formés qui contribuent aussi à la surtension anodique. Dans le but de remédier à ces problèmes, la stratégie consiste à modifier le comportement du fluor moléculaire à la surface de l’anode en contrôlant la rugosité, en l’occurrence une structuration de la surface de l’anode par ablation laser à impulsions ultrabrèves femtoseconde ; ce procédé permet de conserver la composition chimique du carbone après son passage. Deux types de microstructures de surface ont été envisagés : un quadrillage ou des creux. Les échantillons ont été étudiés d’un point de vue électrochimique en considérant le potentiel anodique mais aussi par acquisition ultrarapide d’images pour visualiser l’effet de la structuration sur la dynamique des bulles de fluor. Ensuite, pour valider le gain de performances suggéré par la dynamique de germination/croissance/décrochement, les débits de gaz produit ont été mesurés à l’aide d’un débitmètre implémenté sur l’électrolyseur. La microstructuration de surface permet de contrôler la dynamique et la forme des bulles de fluor, de même que les zones actives. Les bulles, rendues sphériques par la rugosité contrôlée, possèdent un temps de résidence faible (environ 1 s) et des dimensions réduites (quelques mm). Ces modifications suggèrent une mouillabilité plus faible de la surface de l’anode carbonée par le fluor gazeux avec un effet positif sur les performances de l’électrode en termes de rendement énergétique contrairement à la surtension anodique qui évolue peu. En outre, grâce à la dynamique particulière des bulles de fluor, des densités de courant très élevées, plus de 75 A/dm², peuvent être accommodées en rupture avec les usages industriels
F2 molecular fluorine is industrially produced by electrolysis of KF-2HF molten salt at 95°C on a non-graphitized carbonaceous anode. At the contact with the gas produced, the surface is fluorinated and becomes covered with solid fluorocarbons which increase the affinity of the fluorine gas for the surface; the bubbles then spread and the performances decrease because the active surface is lowered. This problem goes with the electronic insulator character of the formed solid fluorocarbons, which also contributes to the anodic overvoltage. To address these two problems, the strategy consists in changing the behaviour of the molecular fluorine on the anode surface by controlling the surface roughness. For this purpose, the anode surface microstructuration is obtained by ablation using laser pulsed in the femtosecond range; this latter makes it possible to preserve the chemical composition of the carbon after the ablation. Two types of surface microstructures were considered: grid or hollow patterns. The samples were studied from an electrochemical point of view, considering the anodic potential but also by ultra-fast image acquisition to visualize the effect of the microstructuring on the dynamic of the fluorine bubbles. Then, to validate the performances gain suggested by the germination/growth/release dynamics, the produced gas flow rates were measured using a flow meter implemented on the electrolyser. Surface microstructuration controls both the dynamic and shape of fluorine bubbles, as well as the electroactive area. The bubbles, then spherical due to the controlled roughness, exhibit a low residence time (about 1 s) and reduced sizes (a few mm). These observed changes suggest a lower wettability of the surface of the carbonaceous anode by the fluorine gas with a beneficial effect on the electrode performances in terms of energy yield contrary to the anodic voltage which slightly evolves. In addition, thanks to the particular dynamic of fluorine bubbles, very high current densities, up to 75 A/dm², can be accommodated at odds with industrial uses
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Binet, David. "Développement de matériaux innovants pour la préparation électrolytique du fluor en milieu fondu KF-2HF." Thesis, Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066766.

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Le fluor gazeux est produit par électrolyse d’un sel fondu de composition KF-2HF à 95°C sur une anode de carbone non graphité. La sensibilité des électrodes à la composition du bain perturbe la productivité de l’électrolyseur. Dans le but de remédier à cette problématique, des études sont menées sur de nouveaux matériaux pour la conception ou l’amélioration des électrolyseurs.L’objectif de ce travail est double : dans un premier temps, l’étude a porté sur le comportement du cuivre au contact de F2 et d’HF. Le bus-barre en cuivre est le siège d’un phénomène d’érosion-corrosion causé par l’impact des bulles de fluor et les mouvements de l’électrolyte. Ce métal corrodé se réduit sur les pièces polarisées cathodiquement en formant des dépôts foisonnants néfastes au bon fonctionnement de l’électrolyseur. C’est pourquoi, la substitution du cuivre par un alliage de magnésium est proposée. L’étude de la corrosion du magnésium et de deux de ses alliages a été réalisée à l’échelle d’un pilote de laboratoire puis a été validée à l’échelle d’un pilote semi-industriel pour être le plus représentatif des conditions industrielles. Malgré des vitesses de corrosion plus importantes, ces essais ont permis de valider la faisabilité de la substitution du cuivre par des alliages de magnésium
Fluorine evolution is produced from electrolysis of molten KF-2HF at 95°C using non-graphitized carbon anodes. The electrodes are sensitive to the electrolyte composition and affect the cell productivity. In order to solve this problematic, new materials are proposed. The first aim of this work is based on the study of the behaviour of copper under F2 and HF. The copper bus-bar is affected by erosion-corrosion phenomena caused by the impact of fluorine bubbles and bath movements leading to the formation of dendritic deposits on cathodic polarizated surfaces. These deposits are harmful for the good cycling life of the electrolyser, a substitution by magnesium alloys bus-bars was considered. The corrosion of pure magnesium and two magnesium alloys was studied at laboratory scale and was checked at semi-industrial scale to be closer to the industrial process. Even if corrosion rates are larger, the feasibility to substitute copper by magnesium alloy was confirmed
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Rouquette, Sylvie. "Etude en régimes dynamique et stationnaire du comportement électrochimique du nickel dans le mélange 2hf-kf a 80°c." Paris 6, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA066437.

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Cette étude a pour origine la volonté d'améliorer le procédé de fabrication du fluor actuellement utilisé en France et qui consiste en l'électrolyse d'un mélange 2hf-kf a 80°c. La principale limitation de ce procédé est l'utilisation d'une anode de carbone qui est responsable d'une surtension importante aux bornes de la cellule d'électrolyse et dont la fragilité entraine des arrêts fréquents dans la production du fluor. La base de cette étude est d'explorer les possibilités d'utiliser une anode de nickel en remplacement de l'anode de carbone. Le principal objet de cette thèse a été d'étudier le comportement électrochimique de ce métal de manière purement fondamentale. Une étude prévisionnelle de la stabilité du nickel dans le mélange 2hf-kf a 80°C. A mis en évidence que, thermodynamiquement, le nickel subit une corrosion. Cependant, une étude expérimentale a montré que, sans doute pour des raisons cinétiques, le nickel est chimiquement stable dans ce milieu. Une étude réalisée par voltamétrie cyclique a permis de proposer un mécanisme d'oxydation électrochimique du nickel dans ce milieu qui met en jeu deux étapes de transfert de charge avec formation d'espèces adsorbées et deux étapes de désorption. Afin de quantifier les phénomènes mis en jeu, nous avons réalisé une étude théorique en régime stationnaire, en utilisant conjointement la spectroscopie d'impédance et les caractéristiques j-e stationnaires. Les courbes expérimentales, comparées aux courbes théoriques, nous conduit d'une part, à montrer la validité du modèle propose et d'autre part, à donner une estimation des constantes cinétiques mises en jeu dans chacune des étapes réactionnelles. Une étude préliminaire de la possibilité d'utiliser ce métal en tant qu'anode a été réalisée et a montré que dans certaines conditions, ce métal peut remplacer le carbone dans les cuves d'électrolyse industrielles.
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Crassous, Isabelle. "Contribution à la mise au point d'un nouvel électrolyseur pour la production de fluor en milieu sel fondu KF-2HF." Paris 6, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA066704.

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La production de fluor à l’état gazeux s’effectue par électrolyse de KF-2HF à 95°C. Dans le but d’améliorer ce procédé, de nouveaux composés carbonés tels que des nouveaux carbones et des électrodes sous forme de films minces réalisés en phase vapeur ont été testés comme matériau anodique et / ou comme séparateur de gaz. Des traitements chimiques ou mécaniques ont été réalisés pour orienter les propriétés de ces différents matériaux pour mieux répondre aux exigences lors de l’électrolyse. Une étude détaillée des différents modes de fluoration des matériaux au contact de KF-2HF et sous polarisation a été réalisée. Le comportement électrochimique a été corrélé avec les modifications structurales en surface (XPS et MEB) mais également au cœur de l’échantillon (DRX, RMN et porosimétrie mercure). Enfin, dans le but d’étudier le contact tri-phasique KF-2HF / matériau carboné / gaz (F2 ou H2), une méthode d’analyse de mouillabilité a été mise en place. Elle a permis d’identifier les paramètres importants telles que la nature des liaisons de surface, la rugosité ou encore la porosité pour orienter le caractère mouillant ou non mouillant de la surface des différents matériaux en fonction de l’application visée.
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Books on the topic "KF-2HF"

1

Hollinshead, Katharine. Hydrogen evolution in KF.2HF. 1988.

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Book chapters on the topic "KF-2HF"

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Binet, D., I. Crassous, A. Mantoux, C. Belhomme, A. Colisson, B. Morel, F. Lantelme, D. Devilliers, C. M. Julien, and H. Groult. "Chemical and Electrochemical Stability of Copper in Molten KF-2HF." In Modern Synthesis Processes and Reactivity of Fluorinated Compounds, 719–38. Elsevier, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-803740-9.00025-1.

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"KINETICS OF THE FLUORINE EVOLUTION REACTION IN KF 2HF MELTS." In Fluorine-Carbon and Fluoride-Carbon Materials, 301–12. CRC Press, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781482293562-64.

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Groult, H., C. Simon, A. Mantoux, F. Lantelme, and P. Turq. "Experimental and theoretical aspects of the fluorine evolution reaction on carbon anodes in molten KF-2HF." In Fluorinated Materials for Energy Conversion, 1–29. Elsevier, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-008044472-7/50029-1.

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Conference papers on the topic "KF-2HF"

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Seto, Kelvin S. H., and Brian M. Ikeda. "Model Passivated Carbon Electrodes for Fluorine Generation in MSRs and the Nuclear Fuel Cycle." In 2013 21st International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone21-16642.

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Elemental fluorine, F2, is used in the nuclear fuel cycle for the isotopic separation of uranium-235 and 238, as well as for the purification of LiF-BeF2 in molten salt reactors. F2 is generated on an industrial scale by an electrochemical process using carbon electrodes in a KF-2HF molten salt. Carbon electrodes are used for industrial F2 generation due to its chemical stability, high conductivity, and relatively low cost. One of the main issues faced when using carbon electrodes in this chemical system is passivation through the formation of C-F compounds on the surface of the electrode. This results in a loss of anode wettability to the electrolyte and diminished charge transfer rate. The voltage needed for the fluorine evolution reaction increases which negatively impacts the safety of the system, increases the operating costs, and leads to faster degradation of the electrode. The degradation of electrical properties during passivation is progressive, eventually leading to electrode deactivation. The process of deactivation begins with a passivating C-F layer at potentials above the equilibrium potential (2.92 V). The layer is both non-wetting to the KF-2HF media and insulating. Deactivation begins with inhibited F2 bubble detachment, formation of a persistent gas layer, and finally deactivation as the electrode surface is completely covered by a thick, insulating C-F layer causing charge transfer to cease. Only a small current is able to flow, even at high potentials (up to 9 V), indicating F2 generation is completely inhibited. The purpose of this study is to manufacture and test model carbon electrodes and, to examine the non-wetting properties of a partially fluorinated surface. The electrodes will be prepared by mixing PTFE-particles with Vulcan carbon powder and then pressing to form pellets. These electrodes should have a reproducible surface for electrochemical performance studies that will lead to a better understanding of the surface chemistry. The research will develop novel electrodes with a goal to minimize the voltage required for F2 production. This will enhance the efficiency in the overall process and lower the manufacturing costs for F2. Carbon electrodes with different PTFE-content (20 w.% and 35 w.%) were synthesized. Electrochemical fluorination was then carried out at different potentials in the F2 generation region (4 to 8 V) in molten KF·2HF electrolyte at ∼90 °C. The electrochemical behaviour of the carbon-PTFE electrodes was examined and compared for both fluorine passivated and non-passivated graphite, amorphous carbon, and vitreous carbon electrodes. The growth of the electrical double-layer capacitance between the carbon electrodes and the KF·2HF molten salt was studied. The effects of composition of fluorinated and non-fluorinated carbon on electrode performance are presented.
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Caire, J. P., G. Espinasse, F. Nicolas, and M. Peyrard. "Hydrodynamics of a Fluorine Electrolyser." In ASME 2006 2nd Joint U.S.-European Fluids Engineering Summer Meeting Collocated With the 14th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2006-98257.

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Two dimensional modelling of the gas-liquid free convection in a fluorine electrolyser was made with use of the Estet-Astrid finite volume code. The model takes into account the specific behaviour of hydrogen and fluorine bubbles evolving at electrodes in free convection in a KF-2HF electrolyte. The numerical results give a satisfactory representation of the velocity field which could not be visualized or measured in such an aggressive medium.
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