Journal articles on the topic 'Keywords: HaCaT'

In this study, the effects of black vinegar (BA) and niacinamide on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated human keratinocytes, HaCaT cells, were investigated. First of all, BA and niacinamide have no cytotoxicity in HaCaT cells even at high concentrations. LPS treatment triggers the phosphorylation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) and the expression of inflammatory enzymes, iNOS and COX-2. In contrast, BA and niacinamide weakened the expression of LPS-induced COX-2 and iNOS. Based on the results, we concluded that BA and niacinamide have effective anti-inflammatory properties in HaCaT cells. Therefore, BA and niacinamide may be used as new alternative treatments for inflammatory skin diseases. Keywords: Black vinegar, HaCaT cell, Inflammation, Keratinocytes, Liposaccharides, Niacinamide

Purpose: To determine the effect of miR-485-5p on keratinocyte proliferation and migration.Methods: Human primary keratinocytes (HaCaT cells) were treated with different concentrations of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF)-β1. miR-485-5p expression levels were determined using quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). MTT (3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2- yl]-2,5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) and wound healing assays were performed to investigate the regulatory effects of miR-485-5p on cell viability and migration of HaCaT cells. Downstream target gene expression of miR-485-5p was determined using a luciferase activity assay.Results: In HaCaT cells, miR-485-5p was time- and dose-dependently downregulated by TGF-β1 treatment (p < 0.05). Forced expression of miR-485-5p decreased cell viability and migration of HaCaT cells (p < 0.05). Knockdown of miR-485-5p enhanced HaCaT cell viability and migration. Integrin subunit alpha-5 (ITGA5) was predicted and verified to be a downstream target of miR-485-5p in HaCaT cells. Overexpression of ITGA5 attenuated the miR-485-5p-induced decrease of HaCaT cell viability and migration (p < 0.05).Conclusion: MiR-485-5p reduces cell proliferation and migration of keratinocytes through the regulation of ITGA5. This mechanism provides a potential therapeutic strategy for skin wound healing. Keywords: ITGA5, Keratinocyte, Cell migration, MiR-485-5p, Cell proliferation, Wound healing

Ultraviolet (UV) irradiation generates reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cells, which induces sunburn cell formation, melanoma, photoaging, and skin cancer. This study examines the anti-photodamage effects of kudzu root vinegar and adenosine in UVB-exposed human keratinocytes (HaCaT cells). UVB significantly decreased HaCaT cell viability, whereas kudzu root vinegar and adenosine did not exhibit cytotoxic effects and increased the viability of HaCaT cells. To investigate the protective effects of kudzu root vinegar and adenosine on UVB-induced oxidative stress in HaCaT cells, ROS, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) were analyzed. UVB-induced treatment reduced the activity of antioxidant enzymes; however, kudzu root vinegar and adenosine increased their activity. These results indicated that kudzu root vinegar and adenosine exert cytoprotective activity against UVB-induced oxidative stress in HaCaT cells. Moreover, they suppressed the UVB-induced downregulation of MMPs and inhibited the phosphorylation of MAPK induced by UVB-irradiation. Therefore, kudzu root vinegar and adenosine offer anti-oxidative effects, via lowering ROS production, suppressing JNK activation, and downregulating expression of MMPs. Our findings suggest that kudzu root vinegar and adenosine have potential application in preventing skin damage owing to UVB exposure. Keywords: reactive oxygen species (ROS), HaCaT cell, UVB, skin damage, anti-aging

Background: Pectin is a heterogeneous polysaccharide mainly present in citrus fruits and has different biological activities.Objective: High molecular weight Citrus Pectin and modified citrus pectin (MCP) were tested for their cytotoxic, anti-proliferative, and anti-oxidant activity.Methods: The cytotoxicity of pectin was studied against HaCaT cell line (human keratinocyte cell line) using Trypan blue method and LDH-cytotoxicity assay. Anti-proliferative activity was assayed using a WST-1 proliferation kit. Antioxidant activity was determined using the DPPH scavenging assay.Results: MCP and Pectin both reduced the viability of HaCaT cells in a dose dependent manner; however MCP was found to be more cytotoxic than high molecular weight citrus pectin since it had a lower IC50 (300ug/ul). At non-cytotoxic concentrations, the viability of cells decreased with increase of concentration of MCP as determined by the WST-1. MCP exhibited a higher antioxidant effect than pectin (SC50 at a concentration range between 2 and 4mg/ml).Conclusion: This study suggests that MCP exhibits a stronger cytotoxic and anti-proliferative effect on HaCaT cell line than pectin. The most probable explanation of this observation is the different effect due to the variable molecular weight and exposed side-chains of MCP and high molecular weight citrus pectin. Keywords: Cytotoxic, Anti-proliferative, Pectin, MCP, HaCaT cell line

Earthworm, Eutyphoeus gammiei, homogenate (EGH) was screened for wound healing activity on human keratinocyte cell line, HaCat, by cell proliferation and migration assays. The maximum proliferation and migration of keratinocyte cells were observed at the dose of 25μg/ml. As cell proliferation and migration are key factors for wound healing, the study clearly suggests the potential role of earthworm species Eutyphoeus gammiei on wound healing. Keywords: Eutyphoeus gammiei, Keratinocyte, MTT assay, scratch assay.

Cage amides and imides bearing bicyclo[2.2.1]- and bicyclo[2.2.2]-subunits were synthesized and evaluated both for antimicrobial activity toward five key ESKAPE pathogenic bacteria: one Gram‐positive bacteria methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 43300), four Gram‐negative bacteria Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922), Klebsiella pneumoniae (ATCC 700603), Acinetobacter baumannii (ATCC 19606) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853) and for antifungal activity towards pathogenic fungal strains Candida albicans (ATCC 90028) and Cryptococcus neoformans var. Grubii (H99; ATCC 208821). Compound VP-4539 with bicyclo[2.2.2]octene motif demonstrated the highest cytotoxic activity towards C. neoformans, while human keratinocytes of HaCaT line, murine fibroblasts of Balb/c 3T3 line and mitogen-activated lymphocytes of peripheral human blood were found to be tolerant to its action. VP-4539 compound did not intercalate into salmon sperm DNA indicating that its cytotoxicity is not related to intercalation into nucleic acid. Keywords: antifungal, antimicrobial, bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane, bicyclo[2.2.2]octene, cytotoxicity, DNA intercalation, human keratinocytes, lymphocytes, сage compounds

Leishmaniasis is a neglected tropical disease that requires timely and inexpensive treatment. For this purpose, a nanoemulsion with a polyene macrolide antibiotic, or amphotericin B (NE-AmB), was developed. This study quantified the amount of drug permeated and retained in intact and lacerated human skin, simulating cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) processes. Toxicity in macrophage and keratinocyte cell lines, activity against promastigotes and amastigotes of Leishmania tropica, in vivo irritant activity, and histological evidence was evaluated. Results. The amount of drug retained in intact and damaged skin was 750.18 ± 5.43 and 567.97 ± 8.64 µg/g/cm2, respectively. There was no permeation. No apparent toxic effect was observed in HaCaT cell lines. The IC50 of NE-AmB found for promastigotes and amastigotes was 0.26 ± 0.09 and 0.37 ± 0.05 µg/mL, respectively. NE without AmB did show antiparasitic activity. The formulation showed lower IC50 values on both parasite stages than the AmB solution. There was no skin irritation, and histology showed skin improvement with treatment. We suggest that this NE-AmB may be a candidate for in vivo studies in CL patients. Keywords. Leishmaniasis, Amphotericin B, ex vivo permeation studies, in vitro cytotoxicity, in vitro leishmanicidal activity, Draize test, histology.

An optimized enzymatic extraction using protamexTM was established for polysaccharides from Liparis tesellatus eggs (PLE). Total sugars, sulfated glycosaminoglycans, uronic acids, and hexosamines content of PLE were 43.2%, 9.0%, 23.9%, and 1.73%, respectively. Superoxide radical (SOx*) scavenging activity and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH*) scavenging activity of PLE was tested to proof its antioxidant properties. Results on SOx* scavenging activity revealed that PLE has antioxidant activity although it’s not surpass the activity of Ascorbic acid as standard. DPPH* scavenging activity showed that PLE has activity increasing at a concentration-dependent manner. However, at 1.25 mg/ml, the anti-DPPH activities of PLE lowered, possibly due to the pro-oxidant action of the sample. PLE also has effects on NO production of RAW 264.7 cells, suggestive of their possible immunostimulating potential in the human body. On human keratinocyte (HaCaT cell line), HT29 and AGS cells lines, PLE was proofed has no toxicity and showed proliferative effects. This effect showed that PLE could have potency as wound healing promoter. An inference can be made that, PLE has indispensable antioxidant potencies as well as cell proliferating activities on specific cell lines which are deemed necessary in the field of medicine and their utilization as functional food supplements. Keywords: Antioxidant, Fish eggs, Immunostimulator, Liparis tessellatus, Polysaccharides

This research aims to find out the budgeting process of the National Amil Zakat Agency (LAZNAS) Nurul Hayat. The research data was obtained through the Nurul Hayat Foundation. The method used is a qualitative approach with a descriptive case study method. Data collection techniques using direct interviews. Interviews were conducted with the Director of Finance, Director of Operations, Director of Empowerment, and Director of ZIS. The analysis technique uses data collection, data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The results of this study indicate that LAZNAS Nurul Hayat is an institution that uses a mixed method; the budgeting process includes the stages of preparation, budget ratification, implementation, and evaluation reporting. The budget system used is in accordance with a non-profit legal entity in the form of a foundation as stipulated in Law Number 28 of 2004.Keywords: budgeting process, non-profit, Nurul Hayat

This study aims to analyze the strategy of utilizing productive zakat in the Zakat Institution of Nurul Hayat. Every zakat institution needs an appropriate and efficient strategy in managing zakat funds so that every mustahiq can be transformed into muzakki. This study uses a qualitative approach with case study research methods. The technique of collecting data uses direct interviews, documentation and observation. To analyze the data, this paper uses the SWOT Matrix and then uses QSPM to identify a new strategy. Then to find out the validity of the data, researchers used triangulation techniques by matching the findings of primary data and secondary data. The results obtained that through the SWOT analysis obtained four strategies and through the QSPM analysis the following results are obtained: SO strategy, namely the expansion of the program in collaboration with Dukcapil/Depkop to reach mustahiq who are entitled to power through zakat has a score of 3,735; WO's strategy is to form an R&D division with a score of 6.085; The ST strategy of introducing digital e-commerce technology to Mustahiq has a score of 6.085; The WT strategy of selecting mustahiq has a score of 2.715 Keywords: LAZ, Zakat, SWOT, QSPM

In this study, it has been tried to explain how and with which variables Istanbul is represented in the films within the scope of the social realist cinema movement in Turkey by analyzing the selected sample films. In this context, in the study, first of all, the social realism movement in Turkish cinema was mentioned and the films shot in line with this movement were briefly mentioned. In the study, the representations of Istanbul in Yeşilçam films were mentioned and the films selected as samples were examined by text analysis method. Sample films are films that are evaluated within the scope of the social realism movement in Turkish cinema and shot in different periods. These films are Acı Hayat made in 1962 and Banker Bilo made in 1980. As a result of the study, it has been that in both films, Istanbul is represented as a trap that alienates people from themselves and society, pushes them to loneliness and mistakes, and leads to the loss of purity and goodness. Keywords: Turkish Cinema, Social Realism, Istanbul, City, Cinema

Zakat, Infak, Sedekah (ZIS) management institutions as one way of balancing social economy with equal distribution of income but a crisis of confidence due to the lack of accountability practices through financial reporting and service-based Information Technology (IT) in modern era. The purpose of this study reveals how accountability practices can increase public awareness to fulfill Zakat, Infaq and Sedekah (ZIS) as well as to influence the behavior of ZIS managers in presenting reports on Zakat acceptance as a form of accountability and channeling their funds to achieve social welfare through the Education Scholarship Program. The method used is case study at Lembaga Amil Zakat Nasional Nurul Hayat Foundation, Surabaya. Sources of data in this study are primary data and secondary data. Data collection techniques are conducted by: 1) Direct Observation, 2) Interviews, and 3) Documentation. The analysis of data to be performed consists of description and content analysis. The collected data was then analyzed using descriptive method, with qualitative analysis. The first finding of this study is the practice of Accountability based on Islamic Sharia has brought consequences that the humanitarian aspect of zakat accounting, that is related to the implementation of moral ethical principles and God's law. Another finding obtained by researchers is on Zakat online payment system "ZakatKita". The management of ZIS Nurul Hayat has developed because this online system makes it easier for the muzakki, donators to do Zakat, Infak, Sedekah wherever they are and whenever want to do it. Keywords – amil zakat organitation, amanah, accountability practice, zakat, infaq dan sedekah (ZIS)

Objectives: To assess the efficacy and safety of percutaneous cystolithalopexy in children under 5 years of age Study design: Retrospective study Place: Department of Paediatric Urology Institute of Kidney Diseases Hayat Abad Peshawar Methodology: Retrospective descriptive study was conducted in Institute of kidney diseases Peshawar between Jan 2020 and January 2022. After applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria all patients in the mentioned period were include in his study. Results were inferred as frequency and percentages. Results: Without observing any difference for age and gender 100% clearance was achieved in all patients with the most prominent complication being supra pubic catheter leakage which was treated conservatively. Conclusions: Percutaneous cystolithalopexy is safe and efficient for the management of bladder stone under 5 years Keywords: Bladder Calculi, Percutaneous Cystolithalopexy, Urolithiasis, Lithiasis

Este artigo investiga as redes sociais do Estado Islâmico e como elas são usadas para o recrutamento de novos combatentes estrangeiros, conhecidos como foreign fighters. E ao mesmo tempo, é nas redes sociais em que esses combatentes procuram o reconhecimento que pode lhes ser negado ou ignorado dentro da sociedade em que estão previamente inseridos. Para a realização desta análise, o presente trabalho foi dividido em três sessões: a primeira é focada na apresentação do Al Hayat Media Center, que consiste no centro de mídia do Estado Islâmico responsável pela confecção e propagação da propaganda, consequentemente das redes sociais; a segunda sessão é feita uma análise das redes sociais e como elas auxiliam no recrutamento; por fim, o reconhecimento é utilizado para embasar a procura pelo Estado Islâmico por esses indivíduos.Palavras-Chave: Redes Sociais; foreign fighters; Reconhecimento. ABSTRACTThis article investigates the social networks of the Islamic State and how they deployed for the recruitment of new foreign fighters. And at the same time, it is in social networks that these fighters seek the recognition that can be denied or ignored within the society upon which they inserted. For this analysis, the present work was divided into three sessions: the first is focus on the presentation of the Al Hayat Media Center, which consists of the Islamic State’s media center responsible for confection and propagation of propaganda, consequently liable for the social networks; the second session consists an analysis of social networks and how they assist in recruitment; finally, recognition was applied to support the Islamic State’s demand for these individuals. Keywords: Social networks; foreign fighters; Recognition. Recebido em: 06 jul. 2021 | Aceito em: 10 jan. 2022.

Abstract: The definition of Ahl al-Sunnah Wa al-Jama'ah resulted from the construction of Kiai Said Aqil Siroj's thought ie Ahl al-Sunnah Wa al-Jama'ah as manhaj al-fikr al-din al-syamil 'ala syu'un al-hayat wa muqtadhayatiha al-qaim 'ala asas al-tawassuth wa al-tawazun wa al i'tidad wa al-tasamuh (a method of religious thought that encompasses all aspects of life and stands on the principle of equilibrium in aqidah, mediator and adhesive in social life, and justice and tolerance in politics). Kyai Said Aqil Siroj's typology of thought is an inclusive (open) religious typology and the Ahl al-Sunnah Wa al-Jama'ah perspective of Kiai Said can be said of the inclusiveness of Ahl al-Sunnah Wa al-Jama'ah. So Ahl al-Sunnah Wa al-Jama'ah must contain tawasut, tasamuh, tawazun and i'tidal in acting or thinking. So as to respond to new things in modern life such as human rights. Keywords: HAM, Ahl as-Sunnah Wa-al Jama'ah, Justice, Freedom, Equality.

Abstract: Teachers have an obligation to provide quality teaching. Therefore, teachers always try to develop pedagogical competencies. One of the paths taken by the teacher to achieve that goal is by practicing a lifelong learning culture or andragogy. Starting from this problem, this study aims to examine the learning culture of Arabic teachers in improving pedagogical competence. The principles and characteristics of andragogy theory are used to develop research. The study uses qualitative methods with interview data collection techniques. While the research subjects were Arabic language teachers at the High School level and equivalent in Pekalongan. Data analyzed with Miles and Hubermen stages include, data collection, data reduction, data presentation and drawing conclusions. The practice of andragogy of Arabic teachers in Pekalogan can be said to be good and centered on developing pedagogical and professional competencies while social and moral competencies are the driving force of teachers to do lifelong learning. Keywords: andragogy, Arabic language teacher and pedagogical competence. Abstrak: Guru memiliki kewajiban untuk memberikan pengajaran yang berkualitas. Oleh karena itu, guru senantiasa berusaha untuk mengembangkan kompetensi pedagogik. Salah satu jalan yang ditempuh oleh guru untuk mencapai tujuan itu ialah dengan mempraktikkan budaya belajar sepanjang hayat atau andragogi. Bertolak dari permasalahan tersebut, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji budaya belajar guru bahasa Arab dalam meningkatkan kompetensi pedagogik. Prinsip dan ciri teori andragogi digunakan untuk mengembangkan penelitian. Penelitian menggunaan metode kualitatif dengan teknik pengumpulan data wawancara. Sementara subyek penelitian adalah guru bahasa Arab tingkat Sekolah Menengah Atas dan sederajat di Pekalongan. Data dianalasis dengan tahapan Miles dan Hubermen meliputi, pengumpulan data, reduksi data, penyajian data dan penarikan simpulan. Praktik andragogi guru bahasa Arab di Pekalogan dapat dikatakan baik dan berpusat pada pengembangan kompetensi pedagogik dan kompetensi profesional sementara kompetensi sosial dan moral merupakan daya dorong guru untuk melakukan belajar sepanjang hayat. Kata kunci: andragogi, guru bahasa Arab dan kompetensi pedagogik.

The implementation of project management must be calculated based on time and cost estimation. One of the efficiency measures that can take is to accelerate. Time, cost, and quality are factors that must consider while making project acceleration. Project renovation in Nurul Hayat's room was chosen in this research because this project experienced delays in implementation. Delays occur due to a lack of available manpower. This delay will certainly have an impact on costs. The purpose of this research is to speed up time and get optimum costs while still paying attention to quality standards. By CPM-PERT approach, and the evaluation of project acceleration with Ms. Project, the results obtained are scheduling the initial completion of the mosque renovation which initially has an estimated 42 days with a normal total cost of 17,227,500, can be accelerated for 36 working days with additional processing costs of Rp. 70,000 and overtime costs of Rp. 1,635,000. The total cost is Rp 18,932,500 Keyword: Crashing Project, CPM-PERT, Ms. Project

This article tries to unpack a theme deals with syirik written in the manuscript of Al-Adawiyatu al-Syafiyatu fi Bayani Salati al-Hajati wa al-Istikharati wa Daf’i al- Kurbat, a Sundanese text in the pegon scripts. This lithographic text was written by KH Ahmad Sanusi (1888-1950 M, a member of BPUKI (Committee for Preparatory Work for Indonesian Independence), established prior to the Indonesian independence in 1945. The text described at the time of being close to independence proclaimation, there were criminal acts, particularly robbery cases growing significantly at that time. This social problem raised in society resulted in growing a phenomenon of which the people needed solution by consulting to dukun or visiting sacred places with hope of such lost articles would be back to the owners. In this case, KH Sanusi in his work recommended to the muslim not to do any syirik deeds, but it necessary to do pray sholat hajat or istikharah and increased their doa for it solution. The text of Adawiyah was written in 1348 H/1929 M which was coincidently happened with phenomenon of ecomic crises in the world. Keywords: al-Adawiyah, syirik, poverty, robbery, economic crises AbstrakArtikel ini mengungkap tema tentang syirik dalam naskah beraksara Pegon dan berbahasa Sunda yang berjudul Al-Adawiyatu al-Syafiyatu fi Bayani Salati al-Hajati wa al-Istikharati wa Daf’i al-Kurbat. Naskah berbentuk litograf ini ditulis oleh K.H. Ahmad Sanusi (1888-1950 M), salah se­orang anggota BPUPKI yang berdiri jelang kemerdekaan Indonesia tahun 1945. Dalam nas­kah tersebut diinformasikan maraknya pencurian hingga banyak orang berdatangan ke tempat-tempat yang dikramatkan dan dukun untuk me­ngetahui barang-barang yang hilang. Untuk meng­atasinya, K.H. Ahmad Sanusi memberikan solusi agar umat Islam tidak melakukan praktik-praktik syirik, namun melakukan salat hajat dan salat istikharah serta doa-doa untuk mengatasi ke­sulitan. Naskah al-Adawiyah ini ditulis pada tahun 1348 H/ 1929 M yang bersamaan dengan tahun terjadinya krisis ekonomi dunia (malaise). Rakyat miskin pun semakin bertambah, ke­rusuhan, pencurian, perampokan, juga marak di kota-kota maupun di desa-desa. Pada tahun 1929 ini selain terjadinya krisis ekonomi dunia juga merupakan awal munculnya istilah “tuyul” di kalangan masyarakat Indonesia.Kata Kunci: al-Adawiyah, syirik, kemiskinan, pencurian, krisis ekonomi dunia

Karakter merupakan cara berpikir dan berperilaku yang khas tiap individu untuk hidup dan bekerjasama, baik dalam lingkup keluarga, masyarakat, bangsa, dan negara. Tujuannya tidak lain adalah mewujudkan manusia yang beriman dan bertakwa kepada Tuhan Yang Maha Esa, berakhlak mulia, sehat, berilmu, cakap, kreatif, mandiri, dan menjadi warga negara yang demokratis serta bertanggung jawab. Pendidikan jasmani merupakan proses pendidikan melalui aktivitas jasmani yang kondusif dimana siswa dibantu untuk mewujudkan dirinya sesuai dengan tahap pertumbuhan dan perkembangannya secara optimal dalam mencapai taraf kedewasaan tertentu. Pendidikan jasmani juga merupakan pendidikan yang mengaktualisasikan potensi-potensi aktivitas manusia berupa sikap, tindakan dan kemampuan gerak menuju kebulatan pribadi yang seutuhnya. Pendidikan jasmani memberikan kontribusi terhadap perkembangan peserta didik yang bersifat menyeluruh meliput perkembengan psikomotorik, pengetahuan dan penalaran (kognitif), watak serta kepribadian (afektif). Pembekalan pengalaman belajar diarahkan untuk membina sekaligus membentuk gaya hidup sehat dan aktif sepanjang hayat. Nilai-nilai yang terkandung didalam pembelajaran penjas antara lain: kejujuran, keadilan, sportifitas, kepercayaan diri, menghargai dan menghormati orang lain, menghormati kewenangan, fairplay, disiplin, empati, kepemimpinan, kerjasama, dan lain-lain. Nilai yang terkandung dalam pembelajaran penjas berbanding lurus dengan 9 karakter yang dikemukakan Suyanto (2009: 2) yaitu; (1) karakter cinta Tuhan dan segenap ciptaan-Nya, (2) kemandirian dan tanggungjawab, (3) kejujuran, amanah dan diplomatis, (4) hormat dan santun, (5) dermawan, suka tolong-menolong dan gotong royong serta kerjasama, (6) percaya diri dan pekerja keras, (7) kepemimpinan dan keadilan, (8) baik dan rendah hati, (9) karakter toleransi, kedamaian dan kesatuan. Keywords: Pendidiakan jasmani, Karakter

Objective: This study aims to compare the effectiveness of the Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) and the Sepsis in Obstetrics Score (SOS) in predicting admission to intensive care and mortality in pregnant women with pregnancy-associated sepsis (PAS). Specifically, the researchers wanted to determine the performance of these two scoring systems. Methods: Cases were recruited from the obstetrics department who were diagnosed with PAS and met any two of the criteria for fast SOFA (qSOFA). At the time of admission, the features of SOFA and SOS were recorded and compared to determine the influence of these two models on patient outcomes. Place of Study: Hayat memorial teaching hospital Duration of Study: January 2021 to May 2022 Results: There were 30 intensive care patients, which leads to a significant fatality rate (31.7%). This was associated with the deaths of numerous patients. A criteria of SOFA less than 6 had the optimal combination of sensitivity (84.4%) and specificity (61,3%) for determining critical care admission for the study population. A cutoff value less than six produced the highest levels of sensitivity (64%) and specificity (40%) for the same. Conclusions: Compared to SOS, SOFA produced a significantly more accurate forecast of both the patient's dire health and the likelihood of their death. SOFA performed significantly better than SOS when assessing the proportion of PAS patients who required critical care hospitalization and the death rate. Keywords: SOFA • SOS • Obstetric sepsis

Resumo: Enquanto existem muitos estudos sobre a reprodução da teoria do “choque das civilizações” e do “mundo islâmico” como o “outro” do Ocidente em mídias ocidentais após os atentados de 11 de setembro de 2001, são extremamente escassos aqueles que analisam a presença dessa teoria nas mídias árabes. Quais são os discursos geopolíticos (re)produzidos nessas mídias com o objetivo de enquadrar e explicar os atentados? Qual é o papel da teoria do “choque das civilizações” e das representações do Ocidente que se manifestam nesse contexto? Este artigo procura responder essas perguntas a partir de uma perspectiva da geopolítica crítica, valendo-se do conceito de “geografias imaginativas”. Os principais jornais transnacionais árabes, al-Hayat, al-Quds al-Arabi e Asharq Al-Awsat, constituem o exemplo empírico. Este artigo mostra que a teoria do “choque das civilizações” – por sua vez duplamente assentada em regionalizações geográficas tradicionais e em uma construção binária entre Ocidente e mundo islâmico – é rejeitada nos jornais analisados. Em vez de se apoiar nessa teoria, os acontecimentos de 11 de setembro de 2001 e os atentados terroristas nos anos seguintes, bem como as geografias imaginativas do Ocidente reproduzidas nesse contexto, são enquadrados e formados por meio de um discurso multifacetado e profundamente pós-colonial. Palavras-chave: Geografias imaginativas. Geopolítica crítica. Mídia impressa árabe. Crítica pós-colonial. NO “CLASH OF CIVILIZATIONS”: AN ANALYSIS OF IMAGINATIVE GEOGRAPHIES IN ARAB PRINT MEDIA AFTER 9/11 Abstract: While many studies analyse the reproduction of the “clash of civilizations” theory and the “Islamic world” as the West’s “other” in Western media after 9/11, there are only few works dedicated to Arab media. What are the geopolitical discourses (re)produced in Arab media framing and explaining the attacks? What is the role of the “clash of civilizations” theory and the representations of the West in this context? This paper addresses these questions from the perspective of critical geopolitics using the concept of “imaginative geographies”. The transnational Arab newspapers al-Hayat, al-Quds al-Arabi e Asharq Al-Awsat serve as the empirical example. I argue that the theory of the “clash of civilizations” – which is based on traditional geographical regionalisations and a binary construction between the West and the Islamic world – is rejected in the analysed newspapers. Instead, 9/11 and other terrorist attacks in the subsequent years as well as the imaginative geographies of the West reproduced in this context are based on a multifaceted and profoundly post-colonial discourse. Keywords: Imaginative Geographies. Critical Geopolitics. Arab Print Media. Postcolonial Critique. AUCUN “CHOC DES CIVILISATIONS”: UNE ANALYSE DES GEOGRAPHIES IMAGINAIRES DANS LES MEDIAS ARABES IMPRIMES APRES LES ATTENTATS DU 11 SEPTEMBRE 2001 Resumé: Bien que de nombreuses études analysent la reproduction de la théorie du “choc des civilisations” et du “monde islamique” comme “l’autre” de l’Occident dans les médias occidentaux après les attentats du 11 septembre 2001, il y a peu de travaux consacrés aux médias arabes. Quels sont les discours géopolitiques (re)produits dans ces médias pour contextualiser et expliquer les attaques ? Quels sont les rôles de la théorie du “choc des civilisations” et de la représentation de l’Occident dans ce contexte ? Cet article tente de répondre à ces questions dans une perspective de géopolitique critique, en utilisant le concept de “géographies imaginaires”. Les principaux journaux transnationaux arabes, al-Hayat, al-Quds al-Arabi e Asharq Al-Awsat sont le matériau de l’enquête. Cet article montre que la théorie du “choc des civilisations” – elle-même basée sur les régionalisations géographiques traditionnelles et la construction opposant Occident et monde islamique – est rejetée dans les journaux analysés. Au lieu de cela, les événements du 11 septembre 2001 comme les attentats terroristes des années suivantes, ainsi que les géographies imaginaires de l’Occident reproduites dans ce contexte, sont façonnés par un discours à multiples facettes, profondément post-colonial. Mots-clés: Géographies Imaginaires. Géopolitique Critique. Médias Imprimés Arabes. Critique Postcoloniale.

Resumo: Enquanto existem muitos estudos sobre a reprodução da teoria do “choque das civilizações” e do “mundo islâmico” como o “outro” do Ocidente em mídias ocidentais após os atentados de 11 de setembro de 2001, são extremamente escassos aqueles que analisam a presença dessa teoria nas mídias árabes. Quais são os discursos geopolíticos (re)produzidos nessas mídias com o objetivo de enquadrar e explicar os atentados? Qual é o papel da teoria do “choque das civilizações” e das representações do Ocidente que se manifestam nesse contexto? Este artigo procura responder essas perguntas a partir de uma perspectiva da geopolítica crítica, valendo-se do conceito de “geografias imaginativas”. Os principais jornais transnacionais árabes, al-Hayat, al-Quds al-Arabi e Asharq Al-Awsat, constituem o exemplo empírico. Este artigo mostra que a teoria do “choque das civilizações” – por sua vez duplamente assentada em regionalizações geográficas tradicionais e em uma construção binária entre Ocidente e mundo islâmico – é rejeitada nos jornais analisados. Em vez de se apoiar nessa teoria, os acontecimentos de 11 de setembro de 2001 e os atentados terroristas nos anos seguintes, bem como as geografias imaginativas do Ocidente reproduzidas nesse contexto, são enquadrados e formados por meio de um discurso multifacetado e profundamente pós-colonial. Palavras-chave: Geografias imaginativas. Geopolítica crítica. Mídia impressa árabe. Crítica pós-colonial. NO “CLASH OF CIVILIZATIONS”: AN ANALYSIS OF IMAGINATIVE GEOGRAPHIES IN ARAB PRINT MEDIA AFTER 9/11 Abstract: While many studies analyse the reproduction of the “clash of civilizations” theory and the “Islamic world” as the West’s “other” in Western media after 9/11, there are only few works dedicated to Arab media. What are the geopolitical discourses (re)produced in Arab media framing and explaining the attacks? What is the role of the “clash of civilizations” theory and the representations of the West in this context? This paper addresses these questions from the perspective of critical geopolitics using the concept of “imaginative geographies”. The transnational Arab newspapers al-Hayat, al-Quds al-Arabi e Asharq Al-Awsat serve as the empirical example. I argue that the theory of the “clash of civilizations” – which is based on traditional geographical regionalisations and a binary construction between the West and the Islamic world – is rejected in the analysed newspapers. Instead, 9/11 and other terrorist attacks in the subsequent years as well as the imaginative geographies of the West reproduced in this context are based on a multifaceted and profoundly post-colonial discourse. Keywords: Imaginative Geographies. Critical Geopolitics. Arab Print Media. Postcolonial Critique. AUCUN “CHOC DES CIVILISATIONS”: UNE ANALYSE DES GEOGRAPHIES IMAGINAIRES DANS LES MEDIAS ARABES IMPRIMES APRES LES ATTENTATS DU 11 SEPTEMBRE 2001 Resumé: Bien que de nombreuses études analysent la reproduction de la théorie du “choc des civilisations” et du “monde islamique” comme “l’autre” de l’Occident dans les médias occidentaux après les attentats du 11 septembre 2001, il y a peu de travaux consacrés aux médias arabes. Quels sont les discours géopolitiques (re)produits dans ces médias pour contextualiser et expliquer les attaques ? Quels sont les rôles de la théorie du “choc des civilisations” et de la représentation de l’Occident dans ce contexte ? Cet article tente de répondre à ces questions dans une perspective de géopolitique critique, en utilisant le concept de “géographies imaginaires”. Les principaux journaux transnationaux arabes, al-Hayat, al-Quds al-Arabi e Asharq Al-Awsat sont le matériau de l’enquête. Cet article montre que la théorie du “choc des civilisations” – elle-même basée sur les régionalisations géographiques traditionnelles et la construction opposant Occident et monde islamique – est rejetée dans les journaux analysés. Au lieu de cela, les événements du 11 septembre 2001 comme les attentats terroristes des années suivantes, ainsi que les géographies imaginaires de l’Occident reproduites dans ce contexte, sont façonnés par un discours à multiples facettes, profondément post-colonial. Mots-clés: Géographies Imaginaires. Géopolitique Critique. Médias Imprimés Arabes. Critique Postcoloniale.

Resumo: Enquanto existem muitos estudos sobre a reprodução da teoria do “choque das civilizações” e do “mundo islâmico” como o “outro” do Ocidente em mídias ocidentais após os atentados de 11 de setembro de 2001, são extremamente escassos aqueles que analisam a presença dessa teoria nas mídias árabes. Quais são os discursos geopolíticos (re)produzidos nessas mídias com o objetivo de enquadrar e explicar os atentados? Qual é o papel da teoria do “choque das civilizações” e das representações do Ocidente que se manifestam nesse contexto? Este artigo procura responder essas perguntas a partir de uma perspectiva da geopolítica crítica, valendo-se do conceito de “geografias imaginativas”. Os principais jornais transnacionais árabes, al-Hayat, al-Quds al-Arabi e Asharq Al-Awsat, constituem o exemplo empírico. Este artigo mostra que a teoria do “choque das civilizações” – por sua vez duplamente assentada em regionalizações geográficas tradicionais e em uma construção binária entre Ocidente e mundo islâmico – é rejeitada nos jornais analisados. Em vez de se apoiar nessa teoria, os acontecimentos de 11 de setembro de 2001 e os atentados terroristas nos anos seguintes, bem como as geografias imaginativas do Ocidente reproduzidas nesse contexto, são enquadrados e formados por meio de um discurso multifacetado e profundamente pós-colonial. Palavras-chave: Geografias imaginativas. Geopolítica crítica. Mídia impressa árabe. Crítica pós-colonial. NO “CLASH OF CIVILIZATIONS”: AN ANALYSIS OF IMAGINATIVE GEOGRAPHIES IN ARAB PRINT MEDIA AFTER 9/11 Abstract: While many studies analyse the reproduction of the “clash of civilizations” theory and the “Islamic world” as the West’s “other” in Western media after 9/11, there are only few works dedicated to Arab media. What are the geopolitical discourses (re)produced in Arab media framing and explaining the attacks? What is the role of the “clash of civilizations” theory and the representations of the West in this context? This paper addresses these questions from the perspective of critical geopolitics using the concept of “imaginative geographies”. The transnational Arab newspapers al-Hayat, al-Quds al-Arabi e Asharq Al-Awsat serve as the empirical example. I argue that the theory of the “clash of civilizations” – which is based on traditional geographical regionalisations and a binary construction between the West and the Islamic world – is rejected in the analysed newspapers. Instead, 9/11 and other terrorist attacks in the subsequent years as well as the imaginative geographies of the West reproduced in this context are based on a multifaceted and profoundly post-colonial discourse. Keywords: Imaginative Geographies. Critical Geopolitics. Arab Print Media. Postcolonial Critique. AUCUN “CHOC DES CIVILISATIONS”: UNE ANALYSE DES GEOGRAPHIES IMAGINAIRES DANS LES MEDIAS ARABES IMPRIMES APRES LES ATTENTATS DU 11 SEPTEMBRE 2001 Resumé: Bien que de nombreuses études analysent la reproduction de la théorie du “choc des civilisations” et du “monde islamique” comme “l’autre” de l’Occident dans les médias occidentaux après les attentats du 11 septembre 2001, il y a peu de travaux consacrés aux médias arabes. Quels sont les discours géopolitiques (re)produits dans ces médias pour contextualiser et expliquer les attaques ? Quels sont les rôles de la théorie du “choc des civilisations” et de la représentation de l’Occident dans ce contexte ? Cet article tente de répondre à ces questions dans une perspective de géopolitique critique, en utilisant le concept de “géographies imaginaires”. Les principaux journaux transnationaux arabes, al-Hayat, al-Quds al-Arabi e Asharq Al-Awsat sont le matériau de l’enquête. Cet article montre que la théorie du “choc des civilisations” – elle-même basée sur les régionalisations géographiques traditionnelles et la construction opposant Occident et monde islamique – est rejetée dans les journaux analysés. Au lieu de cela, les événements du 11 septembre 2001 comme les attentats terroristes des années suivantes, ainsi que les géographies imaginaires de l’Occident reproduites dans ce contexte, sont façonnés par un discours à multiples facettes, profondément post-colonial. Mots-clés: Géographies Imaginaires. Géopolitique Critique. Médias Imprimés Arabes. Critique Postcoloniale.

Objectives: To compare the effect of intra vitreal bevacizumab (IVB) and intra vitreal triamcinolone (IVT) in reducing macular thickness in central retinal vein occlusion. Methods and Materials: This quasi experimental study was conducted at Department of Ophthalmology, Hayat Abad Medical Complex Peshawar in the period from 01 January 2020 to 30 June 2020. Total 40 patients presented with central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO). Patients were divided into two groups, group A received IVB treatment and group B received IVT treatment. The patients were followed up on 6th month post treatment. The primary outcomes of the study were visual acuity and reduction in macular thickness on OCT post treatment. Results: 40 patients were enrolled in the study. The mean age of patients was 60.70±15.49 in group A and in group B 60.40±12.83. There were 13 males and 7 females in group A and 12 males and 8 females in group B. Mean VA at baseline was 1.0825±0.25 logMAR in group A and 0.9745±0.29 logMAR in group B. Mean macular thickness at baseline was 625.40±47.15 µm in group A and 642.05±44.23 µm in group B. Mean VA at 6th month post treatment follow up was 0.4195±0.23 logMAR in group A and in group B was 0.4960±0.27 logMAR. At 6th month follow up macular thickness was 261.80±26.269 µm in group A and 263.80±22.209 µm in group B. Conclusion: Intravitreal injections of bevacizumab and triamcinolone have shown a reduction in macular edema in CRVO patients along with improvement in visual acuity. Keywords: Bevacizumab, Triamcinolone, Macular Edema, Central Retinal Vein Occlusion, Visual Acuity

The learning approach with the concept of quantum learning is a concept holding a strong philosophy that learning is a lifelong activity, which is implemented in a fun way at a class and presented with a methodology that is based on a curriculum as a blend of academic skills, physical achievements, and life skills. At a glance, this quantum approach is quite relevant to the lifelong educational philosophy that became the foundation of Islamic Education. The nature of education of Qur’an (Islam) is “rabbany” based on the first verse in the first revelation. People who carry out are also called “rabbany” who are described by al- Quran with the characteristics include teaching the book of Allah, both written (Al Qur’an) and the unwritten (the universe), and study of it continuously. This literature review will reveal another perspective on the quantum approach in optical studies of Islam. Keywords: Quantum Learning, Islamic education Pendekatan pembelajaran dengan konsep quantum learning adalah sebuah konsep yang memegang kuat falsafah bahwa belajar adalah kegiatan seumur hidup, diimplementasikan dalam kelas dengan cara yang menyenangkan, serta disajikan pula dengan metodologi yang didasarkan pada kurikulum yang merupakan perpaduan antara keterampilan akademis, prestasi fisik, dan keterampilan hidup (life skills). Sekilas pendekatan quantum ini sangatlah relevan dengan falsafah pendidikan sepanjang hayat yang menjadi pijakan dalam pendidikan Islam. Sifat pendidikan al-Qur’an (Islam) adalah “rabbany” berdasarkan ayat yang pertama dalam wahyu pertama. Orang yang melaksanakan juga disebut “rabbany” yang oleh al-Qur’an dijelaskan cirinya antara lain mengajarkan kitab Allah, baik yang tertulis (al-Qur’an) maupun yang tidak tertulis (alam raya) serta mempelajarinya secara terus menerus. Kajian literatur ini akan menguak persfektif lain tentang pendekatan quantum dalam optik kajian Islam. Kata Kunci: Quantum Learning, Pendidikan Islam

Nigella sativa (N. sativa) (Family Ranunculaceae) is a widely used medicinal plant throughout the world. It is very popular in various traditional systems of medicine like Unani and Tibb, Ayurveda and Siddha. Seeds and oil have a long history of folklore usage in various systems of medicines and food. The seeds of N. sativa have been widely used in the treatment of different diseases and ailments. In Islamic literature, it is considered as one of the greatest forms of healing medicine. It has been recommended for using on regular basis in Tibb-e-Nabwi (Prophetic Medicine). Nigella sativa and its constitutions including some isolated compounds are the potential sources of remedies of varieties of ailments such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antifungal, antiparasitic and antiprotozoal, antiviral, cytotoxic, anticancer, neuro-, gastro-, cardio-, hetapto- and nephroprotective activities. In addition, the N. sativa implies beneficiary effects on reproductive, pulmonary and immune systems along with diabetes mellitus (DM), fertility, breast cancer, dermatological complications, dehydration, dyspepsia, osmotic balance and so on. Among the other isolated chemical moieties, thymoquinone (TQ) is a good target for its potential antimicrobial, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, chemopreventive, antitumoral and other activities. N. sativa has got the place among the top ranked evidence based herbal medicines. This is also revealed that most of the therapeutic properties of this plant are due to the presence of thymoquinone which is major bioactive component of the essential oil. The present review is an effort to provide a detailed survey of the literature on scientific researches of pharmacognostical characteristics, chemical composition and pharmacological activities of the seeds of this plant. Keywords: Nigella sativa, Miracle herb, Ranunculaceae, Habat-ul-Sauda, Thymoquinone, Tibb-e-Nabwi, Black seeds, Anti-diabetic, Antioxidant

Introduction: The frequent cause of liver disease in the whole world is due to Hepatitis C virus. According to the estimate the worldwide infection due to hepatitis C virus ranges from 150 to 200 million cases. Amongst these cases the chronic infection are found in about 85% cases. In the globe the most important cause of mortality and morbidity is Hepatitis C virus. In the whole world Chronic Liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma of about 25% is due to hepatitis C virus. Objective: To find out the occurrence of metabolic syndrome in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus infection. Materials and Methods: This study was Descriptive cross sectional research study, which was directed at Department of Medicine, Hayat Abad Medical complex, Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan. The time duration for our study was 8 month. In our study about 147 patient were observed to find out the frequency of metabolic syndrome in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus infection Results: According to the results of our study, among 147 patients the analysis of age wise distribution was as follow; n= 20-25 Years 6(4.1%), 26-30 Years 26(17.7%), 31-35 Years 51(34.7%), 36-40 Years 28(19.0%), 41-50 Years 22(15.0%) and in 51-60 Years it was 14(9.5%). 49.12 years having standard deviation of ±2.142 was the mean age in our study. In our study gender wise distribution, amongst 147 patients 108(73.5%) were male while 39(26.5%) were female. 131(89.1%) patients were observed to have metabolic syndrome with chronic hepatitis C virus infection. Conclusion: Our study concludes that there is no uncommon occurrence of metabolic syndrome in cases with HCV infection. There is significant association of metabolic syndrome with Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) when HCV infection have more than 3 year’s duration. Keywords: Frequency; Metabolic Syndrome; Chronic hepatitis C virus infection; Mortality; Morbidity

Background: To diagnose SARS-CoV2 highly sensitive and specific test is required to reduce cost-effect and turnaround time in resource constrained setting. Current study was design to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of the Rapid antigen test in compression with gold standard RT-PCR. Material and methods: It was comparative cross sectional study conducted at Hayat Medical Complex hospital Peshawar Pakistan within duration of six month (February-July, 2021). All those patients who were suspecting for covid-19 infection regardless of their age and gender were included. Patients, who were unwilling to give data were excluded. Total eighty samples were collected to compare Rapid antigen test with RT-PCR. Statistical tool (SPSS 22) was used for Independent T-test and crossable. Result: In 40 RT-PCR positive sample 34 were true positive by RAT and 6 samples were false negative. While in total 40 RT-PCR negative samples 38 were true negative by RAT and 2 were undetermined. The overall sensitivity of the RAT was 85% (CI; 95%) and specificity was 100% (CI; 95%) and value of independent T test were t (39%) = -14.866, p=0.001. Conclusion: In current study, 6 samples were false negative by Rapid antigen test with mean CT value of 27(viral load 29692 copies/ml). The sensitivity of RAT is dependent on CT value of RT-PCR (viral load) it had better detect viral antigen with CT value < 23 (samples having viral load ≥ 50x103). Hence Rapid antigen test show higher specificity with lower value of sensitivity and recommended as screening test not as diagnostic test. Keyword: SARS COV-2, RT-PCR, Rapid Antigen Test, COVID-19

Background and aim: The most common approach of percutaneous myocardial revascularization is stent placement. In de novo focal lesions found in big native arteries, balloon angioplasty had lower efficacy than coronary stenting. However, the usefulness of stenting in small arteries remains debatable. The purpose study aimed to compare the efficacy of coronary stenting vs. balloon angioplasty in small coronary arteries. Patients and Method: This comparative study was carried out on 132 patients with lesion in small coronary arteries (reference diameter <3mm) in the department of Interventional Cardiology, MTI- Hayat Abad Medical Complex, Peshawar from 16th January 2021 to 15th July 2022. Patients were arbitrarily assigned to stent implantation and standard balloon angioplasty. Study protocol was approved by research and ethical committee. Each individual provided written informed consent. The rates of clinical event were evaluated within 1 year. Descriptive statistics was carried out in SPSS version 26. Results: Of the total patients, there were 80 (60.6%) male and 52 (39.4%) were females. Both groups were assigned 66 patients and had similar baseline characteristics and angiography data. Based on treatment analysis, the major adverse cardiac events (MACEs) and angiographic success rate were similar: 5.2% and 96.8% in coronary stenting versus 5.9% and 92.4% in balloon angioplasty group respectively. About 4.2% patients underwent abrupt closure changes within 30 days. Stenting convened the substantially larger lumen (1.52 mm vs. 1.32 mm, p<0.001) at 6 months and larger post-procedural lumen diameter (2.31 vs. 1.82 mm, p<0.001) as compared to balloon angioplasty. The incidence of restenosis was found 36% and 56% in coronary stenting and balloon angioplasty respectively. The survival rate (event-free) was achieved in 79% and 69% (p=0.021) in coronary stenting and angioplasty respectively. Conclusion: The present study found that optimum balloon angioplasty with preliminary stenting may be a viable therapeutic option for small coronary arteries lesions. Restenosis was found to be 36% and 56% in coronary stenting and balloon angioplasty, respectively. Keywords: Restenosis, Small coronary arteries, Balloon angioplasty, Coronary stenting

Background: The term "pregnancy-induced hypertension," or PIH, refers to a pattern of elevated blood pressure that appears during a woman's pregnancy. It is one of the most important factors contributing to the maternal mortality rate and infant morbidity rate worldwide. In addition to its impacts, this risk can be decreased by the transmission of health education that emphasises early identification and appropriate treatment of disease. This study aims to determine the current levels of knowledge about PIH among pregnant women in the general population. Methods: This study was undertaken with the participation of 300 pregnant women, and data were gathered through direct interviews with the participants. The participants' verbal consent to participate in the research was acquired in the form of their acceptance to participate in the study through the use of a questionnaire prepared specifically for the research project. Both the Student T-test and the ANOVA test were utilised in order to explore the parameters associated with pregnancy awareness. Place of Study: Hayat memorial teaching hospital Duration of Study: August 2021 to June 2022 Results: The study shows that 80.6% of pregnant women were aware with the idea of PIH, according to the results of this survey. The first individuals they consulted in order to get knowledge were their friends and family members, followed by medical specialists. As a result of their performance, 47.1% of the participants obtained a score that indicated they had a low level of comprehension. The participants' ages, the type of family they came from, whether or not they had a history of PIH or gestational diabetes, whether or not they participated in sports, and whether or not they attended frequent antenatal care appointments were all important factors in calculating their knowledge score. Conclusions: The outcomes of the study suggested that pregnant participants had a poor understanding of PIH; this underscores the importance of increasing public knowledge and education about the illness. Keywords: Pregnancy induced hypertension (PIH), Preeclampsia

Abstract: In Indonesia, there is a tradition, that if the parents of the bride and groom die before the wedding time, then the marriage is carried out in front of the body before the body is buried. This article discusses in-depth marriage in front of the corpse from the perspective of Islamic law. This research is a field study conducted in the village of Ngingas, Waru, Sidoarjo. Data is collected through interviews, observations, and documentation. The study concluded that one of the cases of marriage in front of the body that occurred in the village of Ngingas was that the father of the bride-to-be died before her child married on a specified schedule. Therefore, marriage mating is carried out in front of the body by presenting brides-to-be, guardians, and witnesses. The wedding is done in honor of the body and because there is a belief that if there is death then the family of the deceased should not perform marriage and the like in the next year because it is still in a period of mourning. Therefore the marriage must be rushed or postponed after one year. In this case, the bride's family chooses to move the marriage by holding a contract in front of the deceased's body. Based on Islamic law, the marriage does not conflict with Islamic law and the law is valid because it has fulfilled the pillars and conditions of marriage. However, the marriage must be recorded in accordance with the marriage law in Indonesia. Keywords: Marriage, corpse, tradition, Islamic law. Abstrak: Di Indonesia terdapat tradisi, jika orang tua calon pengantin meninggal sebelum waktu pernikahan, maka perkawinan dilakukan di depan jenazah sebelum jenazah dimakamkan. Artikel ini membahas secara mendalam tentang perkawinan di depan jenazah dalam perspektif hukum Islam. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian lapangan yang dilakukan di desa Ngingas, Waru, Sidoarjo. Data dikumpulkan melalui wawancara, observasi dan dokumentasi. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa salah satu kasus perkawinan di depan jenazah yang terjadi di desa Ngingas adalah ayah calon mempelai perempuan meninggal sebelum anaknya menikah pada jadwal yang ditentukan. Karena itu, perkawinan dilakukan di depan jenazah dengan menghadirkan calon pengantin, wali dan saksi. Pernikahan dilakukan untuk menghormati jenazah dan karena ada keyakinan bahwa jika ada kematian maka hendaknya keluarga almarhum tidak melakukan hajat perkawinan dan sejenisnya dalam setahun ke depan karena masih dalam masa berduka. Karena itu perkawinan harus disegerakan atau diundur setelah satu tahun. Dalam hal ini, keluarga mempelai memilih menyegerakan perkawinan dengan mengadakan akad di depan jenazah almarhum. Berdasarkan hukum Islam, perkawinan tersebut tidak bertentangan dengan hukum Islam dan hukumnya sah karena telah memenuhi rukun dan syarat perkawinan. Meski demikian perkawinan tersebut harus dicatatkan agar sesuai dengan hukum perkawinan di Indonesia. Keywords: Perkawinan, jenazah, tradisi, hukum Islam.

Suku kaum Melayu Brunei telah menetap di sepanjang persisiran pantai barat Sabah sejak dari zaman awal Kesultanan Melayu Brunei lagi. Seperti suku kaum Melayu lain di Nusantara, berpantun ialah sebahagian daripada budaya mereka yang istimewa sejak dari dahulu hinggalah sekarang. Dalam kerja lapangan yang telah dijalankan di beberapa buah kampung Melayu Brunei di sekitar pantai barat Sabah, sejumlah pantun yang bertemakan cinta dan kasih sayang telah dirakamkan, ditranskripsi dan didokumentasi. Pantun kasih sayang yang terkumpul ini, antaranya menonjolkan unsur-unsur rasa rindu, jatuh hati, naik berahi dan hajat di hati untuk merisik dan meminang. Selain mendokumentasi sejumlah pantun yang bertemakan cinta dan kasih sayang, tumpuan kupasan dalam makalah ini adalah terhadap unsur “berahi” yang terbayang dalam pantun kasih sayang orang Melayu Brunei. Selain itu, perbandingan terhadap pantun cinta Melayu Brunei di Sabah dengan pantun cinta Melayu dan Tionghoa Peranakan terpilih juga akan dilakukan. Menerusi kupasan sedemikian, keistimewaan perasaan cinta dan berahi dalam budaya suku kaum Melayu Brunei di Sabah akan tertonjol kepada pembaca. Kata kunci: Melayu Brunei, pantun cinta, kasih sayang, unsur berahi. Abstract The Brunei Malay ethnic group settled all along the western shores of Sabah since the early part of the formation of the Brunei Malay Sultanate. As is the case with other Malay ethnic groups in Nusantara, reciting the pantun is part of their unique culture since the bygone days until the present time. In a field study conducted in several Malay Brunei kampongs along the western shores of Sabah, a number of pantuns with the themes of love and affection were recorded, transcribed and documented. These love pantuns that have been collected , among other things highlight the elements of yearning, falling in love, feeling amorous and wanting to seek a person’s hand in marriage. Apart from documenting some pantuns with the themes of love and affection, the focus of this article is on the element of lust which is reflected in these pantuns of love of the Brunei Malays. In addition, a comparison will be made between these love pantuns and selected Malay and Straits-born Chinese pantuns. By making this analysis, the uniqueness of the elements of lust and affection in Brunei Malay pantuns will be unravelled. Keywords: Brunei Malay, loved pantun, affection, elements of lust

Objective: This research aimed to characterize the clinical presentation, frequency, and distribution of CAAs in people experiencing angiography. In this study, we reviewed the presence of CAAs in 4072 patients. Study design: Cross-section study Study Setting: Current research was conducted at Department of interventional cardiology, MTI- Hayat Abad Medical Complex, Peshawar from Ist July 2021 to 30th June 2022. Methods: The current research analyzed data from 4072 angiograms performed. The medical record of the patients was used to recruit the CAAs patient’s profile. Angelini's categorization was used to categorise the coronary anomalies and two interventional cardiologists reviewed each coronary angiography separately, and in the event of a discrepancy, a senior cardiologist was contacted to achieve a consensus. GE 520 and GE 2100 were used for the coronary angiogram. Operators have the option of using either a radial or femoral incision. Results: Finding of the CAAs was found in 103 cases of CAAs (a prevalence of 2.5%). According to the data, the average age of the patients was 59.64±13.73. Of them, 89 (2.19%) individuals had anomalous coronary origin and/or course, 9 (0.2%) had intrinsic coronary arterial system abnormalities, 3 (0.07%) had anomalous coronary termination, and 2 (0.04%) had a single coronary artery. Overall, 36 individuals (0.44%) were found to have an aberrant right coronary artery (RCA), with the RCA emerging from the left coronary sinus; this was followed by 54 patients (1.3%) who lacked a left main trunk and instead had a distinct origin for the LAD and LCX. Practical implication: Our understanding of CAAs has considerably improved from the development of novel diagnostic techniques, although the majority of the data available today comes from case reports and small case series. Further research is needed to fill the knowledge gap regarding the clinical effects of CAAs and their prognosis because epidemiological data are taken from studies conducted in other countries. Conclusion: Overall, 2.5 percent of research participants had congenital coronary abnormalities. The highest prevalence was found in anomalies origin and course. This study's prevalence of CAAs was comparable to that of other research, although the distribution of abnormalities was a little bit different. Keywords: Congenital Coronary Artery Anomalies, Coronary Angiography, Prevalence, Pattern

Introduction: Honey exhibits a variety of bacteriostatic and bactericidal factors. Due to its variety of antimicrobial and wound healing properties, honey is an effective remedy in wound infections even caused by microorganisms resistant to antibiotics. Nevertheless, there are many known benefits of normal saline soaked gauze dressing as well such as its osmotic properties, cost-effectiveness, and easy availability with no side effects. It is believed that honey as well as normal saline could be used in the management of infected and non-healing wounds and ulcers, pressure wounds, burns, boils, pilonidal sinuses, diabetic and venous ulcers and even malignant wounds with respect to wound size and cleanliness. Purpose of Study: The purpose of this study is to compare the effect of topical honey versus normal saline soaked dressing application in the management of cosmetically improved postoperative infected wounds in pediatric urology patients. Material and Methods: This Randomized Controlled trial was conducted at the Institute of Kidney Diseases (IKD), Hayat Abad Medical Complex (HMC), Peshawar commencing from January 2019 till December 2019 i.e., over a period of one year. Pediatric patients with postoperative wound infections with positive wound cultures were included in the study. The patients were divided into two groups. In group A normal saline soaked dressing was applied and in group B honey was applied three times a day each. Results: A sample size of 60 patients was taken with males 35(58.3%) and females 25(41.7%). Mean age was 5 years with standard deviation of 2.15 with minimum age 1 year and maximum age 10 years. The bacteria on wound culture came out to be Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli in descending order. Patients were divided into two groups. Group A included 30 patients with normal saline soaked dressing application to the wound while Group B included 30 patients with honey application to the infected wound. Both groups were compared in terms of scar improvement and results were found statistically significant 0.028 in group B (Honey). Conclusion: Honey can be used safely and effectively for the management of postoperative surgical site infections in pediatric urology patients as compared to normal saline soaked dressings. Keywords: Honey, postoperative infected wound, pediatric patients

 AbstractActually the existence of foreign investment in Indonesia is not new phenomenon, due to foreign investment exist since colonialism era.The existence of foreign investment is still continuing to Soeharto era until reformation era. Spirit of foreign investment in colonialism era, Soharto era, and reformation era are different. Foreign investment in colonialsm era just explore of nation asset and ignore of nation welfare, and this matter is different from the character of foreign investment in Soeharto era also reformation era. Eventhough the involvement of foreign investor have any benefits to the host country, but on the other hand foreign investment have business oriented only whether the investment is secure and may result of profit. Refer to The Law Number 25 Year of 2007 Concerning Investment (hereinafter called UUPM) can not be separated from various interest that become of politic background of the law, even the law tend to liberalism of investment. Liberalism in the investment sector particularly of foreign investment basically exist far from issuing of UUPM, and the spirit of liberalism also stipulate in several rules among others The Law Number 5 Year of 1999 Concerning Prohibitation of Anti Trust and Unfair Competition, The Law Number 22 Year of 2001 Concerning Oil and Gas, The Law Number 7 Year of 2004 Concerning Water Resource, and also The Law Number 30 Year of 2009 Concerning Electricity.  Many rules as mentioned above has liberalism character and also indicator opposite wit the right to manage of the state to nation asset that relate to public interest as stipulated in the Indonesia Constitution. Actually the issuing of UUPM in case of implementation of article 33 Indonesia Constitution (UUD NRI 1945). Due to opportunity by Government to foreign investment as stipulate by article 12 UUPM and also the existence of many rules as well as The Law Number 5 Year of 1999 Concerning Prohibitation of Anti Trust and Unfair Competition, The Law Number 22 Year of 2001 Concerning Oil and Gas, The Law Number 7 Year of 2004 Concerning Water Resource, and also The Law Number 30 Year of 2009 Concerning Electricity, so the foreign investment that relate to public service is more exist in Indonesia. The existence is reflected many foreign companies. Free of foreign investment relate to public service is opposite with spirit of article 33 Indonesia Constitution. Keywords: Foreign Investment, Right of  State, Article 33 Indonesia Consitution AbstrakEksistensi penanaman modal asing (investasi asing) di Indonesia sebenarnya bukan merupakan fenomena baru di Indonesia, mengingat modal asing telah hadir di Indonesia sejak zaman kolonial dahulu.  Eksistensi penanaman modal asing terus berlanjut pada era orde baru sampai dengan era reformasi. Tentunya semangat penanaman modal asing pada saat era kolonial, era orde baru, dan era reformasi adalah berbeda. Penanaman modal asing pada saat era kolonial memiliki karakter eksploitatif atas aset bangsa dan mengabaikan kesejahteraan rakyat, hal ini tentunya berbeda dengan karakter penanaman modal asing pada era orde baru, dan era reformasi. Sekalipun kehadiran investor membawa manfaat bagi negara penerima modal, di sisi lain investor yang hendak menanamkan modalnya juga tidak lepas dari orientasi bisnis (oriented business), apakah modal yang diinvestasikan aman dan bisa menghasilkan keuntungan. Melihat eksistensi Undang–Undang Nomor 25 Tahun 2007 tentang Penanaman Modal (UUPM) tidak dapat dilepaskan dari beragam kepentingan yang mendasari untuk diterbitkannya undang–undang tersebut, bahkan terdapat kecenderungan semangat dari UUPM lebih cenderung kepada liberalisasi investasi. Liberalisasi pada sektor investasi khususnya investasi asing pada dasarnya eksis jauh sebelum lahirnya UUPM ternyata juga tampak secara tersirat dalam beberapa peraturan perundang–undangan di Indonesia. Perundang–undangan tersebut antara lain Undang–Undang Nomor 5 Tahun 1999 tentang Larangan Praktek Monopoli dan Persaingan Usaha Tidak Sehat, Undang–Undang Nomor 22 Tahun 2001 tentang Minyak Dan Gas Bumi, Undang–Undang Nomor 7 Tahun 2004 tentang Sumber Daya Air, dan Undang–Undang Nomor 30 Tahun 2009 tentang Ketenagalistrikan.Banyaknya peraturan perundang–undangan yang berkarakter liberal sebagaimana diuraikan di atas mengindikasikan bahwa hak menguasai negara atas aset bangsa yang berkaitan dengan hajat hidup orang banyak sebagaimana diamahkan oleh Undang–Undang Dasar 1945 (Konstitusi) mulai “dikebiri” dengan adanya undang–undang yang tidak selaras semangatnya. Padahal, UUPM diterbitkan dalam kerangka mengimplementasikan amanat Pasal 33 Undang–Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1945 (UUD NRI 1945). Dengan adanya peluang yang diberikan oleh pemerintah kepada investor asing sebagaimana yang diatur dalam Pasal 12 UUPM ditambah lagi dengan adanya Undang–Undang Nomor 5 Tahun 1999 tentang Larangan Praktek Monopoli dan Persaingan Usaha Tidak Sehat, Undang–Undang Nomor 22 Tahun 2001 tentang Minyak Dan Gas Bumi, Undang–Undang Nomor 7 Tahun 2004 tentang Sumber Daya Air, dan Undang–Undang Nomor 30 Tahun 2009 tentang Ketenagalistrikan, maka investasi asing yang berhubungan dengan cabang– cabang yang menguasai hajat hidup orang banyak semakin eksis di Indonesia. Terbukanya investasi asing atas cabang–cabang produksi yang menguasai hajat hidup orang banyak tentunya hal ini bertentangan dengan konsep hak menguasai negara sebagaimana diatur dalam Pasal 33 UUD NRI 1945. Kata Kunci: Investasi Asing, Hak Menguasai Negara, Pasal 33 UUD NRI Tahun         1945

Modelling system is the core for the evaluation of water related sectors in the Sana’a Basin. The numerical modelling (MODFLOW) has emerged as an effective tool for managing groundwater resources and predicting future responses, especially when dealing with complex aquifers systems and heterogeneous formations. MODFLOW model has been used herein as a management tool for the targeted sub- basins in Sana’a Basin such (Wadi Bani Hawat, Wadi Dhahr & Al-Ghayl, Wadi Hamdan & As Sabrahand Wadi Ghayman); the most important groundwater resources for domestic and agricultural sectors in Sana’a basin. A conceptual model was designed according to the actual groundwater dynamic flow system in the 2010 Hydrosult Sana’a Basin Model. Also, the governing partial parabolic differential equation was defined, including the vertical conductivity flow between the aquifers. Total groundwater abstraction values from previous studies were compiled, including the 2015 well inventory data of National Water Resources Authority –Sana’a Basin.In this study, three simulations of groundwater development scenarios were distinguished. The first scenario is applied for evaluation of the present status and till 2025. The second and thethird scenarios are focused on the effect of water augmentation i.e. decrease the present rate of groundwater abstraction to 30% and 50% respectively, with considering the highly intervention of IWRM structure of Sana’a basin on the on-going activities related to change land use, change crop pattern, value chain, marketing, modern irrigation techniques, water harvesting techniques, treated waste reuse etc…. Also other Modules were used in calculating the groundwater demand, deficit and unemployment in agricultural sector inSana’a Basin. Scenario 3 gives a remarkable improvement of the water resources system in the four sub-basins within a reasonable period (in the year 2025), thus, it will keep the water resources sustainability; but the unemployment in agricultural sector in Sana’a Basin in scenario 3 will be is the highest value if comparing with the other two scenarios. It will reachin 2025 under scenario 2 and scenario 3 to 10432 and 14762 respectively while in scenario 1 the unemployment will disappeared in 2025. This study is recommended that irrigation systems should be improved, usage of harvesting water methods and treated waste water reuse for agriculture to avoid the depletion of Sana’ Basin aquifer and to reduce unemployment in agricultural sector in Sana’a Basin. Keywords: Groundwater Flow Model, MODFLOW, Management Scenarios, Sana’a Basin, Targeted Sub-Basins.

AbstractAlmost every aspect of human life is affected by electricity. Various types of human activities require electricity from preparing food, doing work through computers, using electronic devices, or street lighting, requiring electricity input. Indonesia handed over the management of electricity supply to PT. PLN (Persero) as the BUMN that is responsible for this matter. Blackout often results in losses for many parties so that they often make good claims on the basis of acts against the law to default. However, lawsuits filed to PT. PLN (Persero) often fails because of the argument of overmacht argued by the attorney of PT. PLN (Persero). This is based on PT. PLN (Persero) considers that the events that caused the Blackout were caused by things outside their control. This is in line with the concept of overmacht which negates the accountability of one of the parties who did not do what was promised if it was caused by events outside his control such as natural disasters. However, if the blackout is caused by negligence of PT. PLN (Persero) then they must be held accountable for losses incurred. Keywords: Overmacht; Force Majeure; Electricity; Blackout; Damages. AbstrakDalam menjalani kehidupan, ada banyak jenis energi atau tenaga yang digunakan oleh manusia salah satunya ialah tenaga listrik. Indonesia menyerahkan pengurusan penyediaan tenaga listrik kepada PT. PLN (Persero) sebagai BUMN yang bertanggung jawab mengenai hal tersebut. Hal ini disebabkan oleh di dalam Konstitusi Indonesia mewajibkan penguasaan sumber daya yang mempengaruhi hajat hidup orang banyak. PT. PLN (Persero) dalam melaksanakan tugasnya tak jarang menemui kendala sehingga distribusi tenaga listrik yang seharusnya dapat dialirkan dengan normal tidak dapat dipenuhi sehingga menyebabkan Blackout. Seringkali Blackout yang terjadi menyebabkan kerugian bagi banyak pihak sehingga tak jarang mereka melakukan gugatan baik dengan dasar perbuatan melawan hukum hingga wanprestasi. Namun, gugatan-gugatan yang dilayangkan kepada PT. PLN (Persero) seringkali gagal karena dalil overmacht yang didalilkan kuasa hukum PT. PLN (Persero). Hal ini didasari karena PT. PLN (Persero) beranggapan bahwa kejadian yang menyebabkan Blackout disebabkan oleh hal di luar kendali mereka. Hal ini sejalan dengan konsep overmacht yang meniadakan tanggung gugat salah satu pihak yang tidak melakukan apa yang dijanjikan apabila hal tersebut dikarenakan oleh kejadian di luar kendalinya seperti bencana alam. Namun, bila kejadian blackout disebabkan oleh kelalaian PT. PLN (Persero) maka mereka wajib bertanggung gugat atas kerugian yang timbul. Kata Kunci: Overmacht; Blackout; Listrik; Ganti Rugi.

Modelling system is the core for the evaluation of water related sectors in the Sana’a Basin. The numerical modelling (MODFLOW) has emerged as an effective tool for managing groundwater resources and predicting future responses, especially when dealing with complex aquifers systems and heterogeneous formations. MODFLOW model has been used herein as a management tool for the targeted sub- basins in Sana’a Basin such (Wadi Bani Hawat, Wadi Dhahr & Al-Ghayl, Wadi Hamdan & As Sabrahand Wadi Ghayman); the most important groundwater resources for domestic and agricultural sectors in Sana’a basin. A conceptual model was designed according to the actual groundwater dynamic flow system in the 2010 Hydrosult Sana’a Basin Model. Also, the governing partial parabolic differential equation was defined, including the vertical conductivity flow between the aquifers. Total groundwater abstraction values from previous studies were compiled, including the 2015 well inventory data of National Water Resources Authority –Sana’a Basin.In this study, three simulations of groundwater development scenarios were distinguished. The first scenario is applied for evaluation of the present status and till 2025. The second and thethird scenarios are focused on the effect of water augmentation i.e. decrease the present rate of groundwater abstraction to 30% and 50% respectively, with considering the highly intervention of IWRM structure of Sana’a basin on the on-going activities related to change land use, change crop pattern, value chain, marketing, modern irrigation techniques, water harvesting techniques, treated waste reuse etc…. Also other Modules were used in calculating the groundwater demand, deficit and unemployment in agricultural sector inSana’a Basin. Scenario 3 gives a remarkable improvement of the water resources system in the four sub-basins within a reasonable period (in the year 2025), thus, it will keep the water resources sustainability; but the unemployment in agricultural sector in Sana’a Basin in scenario 3 will be is the highest value if comparing with the other two scenarios. It will reachin 2025 under scenario 2 and scenario 3 to 10432 and 14762 respectively while in scenario 1 the unemployment will disappeared in 2025. This study is recommended that irrigation systems should be improved, usage of harvesting water methods and treated waste water reuse for agriculture to avoid the depletion of Sana’ Basin aquifer and to reduce unemployment in agricultural sector in Sana’a Basin. Keywords: Groundwater Flow Model, MODFLOW, Management Scenarios, Sana’a Basin, Targeted Sub-Basins.

Abstrak Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan secara konseptual implementasi penguatan profil pelajar Pancasila yang diimplementasi melalui proyek pada kurikulum merdeka di PAUD. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian studi kepustakaan (library research). Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan dalam artikel ini berbasis kajian jurnal, buku, artikel literatur serta dokumen lain yang relevan. Hasil temuan-temuan pada proses pengumpulan data, kemudian didokumentasikan, dianalisis, dan disajikan secara deskriptif. Hasil dari penelitian ini yaitu 1) kajian tentang proyek penguatan profil pelajar Pancasila, 2) kajian tentang alur penentuan dalam memilih elemen dan subelemen profil pelajar Pancasila di PAUD. Harapannya dengan adanya tulisan ini para pemangku kepentingan di bidang pendidikan khususnya PAUD dapat memahami lebih dalam tentang projek penguatan profil pelajar Pancasila. Sebagai Perwujudan pelajar Indonesia maka profil pelajar Pancasila adalah pelajar sepanjang hayat yang memiliki kompetensi global dengan berperilaku sesuai dengan nilai-nilai Pancasila. Salah satu upaya pemerintah dalam menjawab pertanyaan tentang pelajar dengan profil atau kompetensi seperti apa yang akan dihasilkan oleh sistem pendidikan nasional kita yakni kurikulum Merdeka PAUD. Kata kunci: Proyek; Profil Pelajar Pancasila; Kurikulum Merdeka PAUD Abstract This study aims to describe conceptually how to strengthen the profile of Pancasila students which is implemented through projects on the independent curriculum in PAUD. This study used the library research method (Library Research). The data collection technique used in this article is based on studies of journals, books, literature articles and other relevant documents. The results of the findings in the data collection process were then documented, analyzed and presented descriptively. While the results of this study are; 1) a study of the project to strengthen the profile of Pancasila students, 2) a study of the flow of determination in selecting elements and sub-elements of the Pancasila student profile in PAUD. It is hoped that with this stakeholders in the field of education, especially PAUD, can understand more deeply about the project to strengthen the profile of Pancasila students. As an embodiment of Indonesian students, the profile of Pancasila students is lifelong students who have global competence by behaving in accordance with Pancasila values. One of the government's efforts to answer questions about students with what kind of profile or competence will be produced by our National education system, namely the Merdeka PAUD curriculum. Keywords: Project, Pancasila Student Profile; Independent Early Childhood Curriculum

ABSTRAK Kesehatan merupakan kondisi fisik seseorang berjalan dengan baik dan normal.kesehatan dapat diperngaruhi oleh faktor internal dan eksternal,air merupakan salah satu dari faktor eksternal yang dapat mempengaruhi kesehatan,oleh karena itu sumber air untuk kebutuhan manusia haruslah bersih dan jernih serta bebas dari bahaya bakteri, mikroorganisme, logam berat , tingkat keasamaan, dan juga ph yang standard.. Oleh karena itu perancangan penyaring air keruh menggunakan module HC-05 sebagai media pengontrol alat guna meningkatkan mutu air di lingkungan sekolah yaitu SDN 011 TANJUNGPINANG TIMUR, inovasi ini berguna untuk mencegah pengguna air terjangkit oleh berbagai macam penyakit. Proses filtrasi air mempunyai beberapa tahapan yaitu module HC-05 akan menerima data dari android untuk menghidupkan pompa air, kemudian pompa air akan mentrasfer air ke filter guna menyaring kotoran,hasil penyaringan akan dialiri ke sumber air itu juga, lampu LED berwarna hijau sebagai indikator proses filterasi sedang berjalan,dan menggunakan lampu LED merah sebagai indikator alat sedang tidak beroperasi.Selain sederhana inovasi ini juga hamat daya karna menggunakan energi listrik yang sangat rendah sehingga lebih hemat energi,selain itu juga inovasi ini sangat berguna untuk menjernihkan air sehingga pengguna air di lingkungan sekitar tidak ragu dalam menggunakan air. Kata Kunci: Kesehatan, Kejernihan, Air, Filterasi, Lingkungan Sekolah ABSTRACT Health is a physical condition of a person running well and normally. Health can be influenced by internal and external factors. Water is an external factor that can affect health, therefore water sources for human must be clean from the dangers of bacteria, microorganisms, heavy metals, the level of acidity, and also the standard ph. Therefore the design of turbid water filters uses the HC-05 module as a tool to control the prototype to improve water quality in the school, namely SDN 011 TANJUNGPINANG TIMUR. This innovation is useful to prevent water users from being infected by various diseases. The water filtration process has several stages, HC-05 module will receive data from android to turn on the water pump, then the water pump will transfer water to filter to filter impurities, the filtering results will be fed to the water source too, green LED lights as an indicator of the filtration process is running, and uses a red LED light as a tool indicator is not operating. In addition to this simple innovation also has power because it uses very low electrical energy so it is more energy efficient, besides that this innovation is very useful to purify water so that users of water in the surrounding environment no doubt in using water. Keywords: Health, Clarity, Water, Filtration, School Enviroment

Pendahuluan : Air merupakan sumber daya alam yang dilukan untuk hajat hidup orang banyak (Efendi, 2003). Berdasarkan . Men. Kes. No. 492/MENKES//IV/2010, bahwa air minum adalah air yang melalui proses pengolahan atau tanpa pengolahan memenuhi syarat kesehatan dapat langsung diminum. Desa Kukuh, Kecamatan Marga, Kabupaten Tabanan terbagi menjadi 8 banjar dinas, salah satunya adalah banjar dinas Tatag yang menjadi pusat dalam pemanfaatan sumber mata air minum pada wilayah desa tersebut. Metode: Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian deskriptif tentang uji kelayakan kualitas air berdasarkan parameter kimia dan mikrobiologi dari sumber mata air di Desa Kukuh, Kecamatan Marga, Kabupaten Tabanan. Hasil: Hasil identifikasi kelayakan kualitas air minum yang telah dilakukan sebanyak tiga kali pengujian, yaitu pada bulan (Mei, Juli, September) pada tahun 2018 memberikan hasil: a). Pemeriksaan parameter kimia menunjukkan bahwa seluruh parameter yang diujikan berada pada standar yang dibolehkan, sedangkan b). Pemeriksaan parameter mikrobiologi menunjukkan hasil adanya kandungan bakteri Fecal coli pada sampel mata air dengan jumlah rata-rata 100 Fecal coli/100 mL. Diskusi : Berdasarkan hasil identifikasi pada parameter kimia menunjukkan bahwa hasil identifikasi parameter kimia telah sesuai dengan standar kualitas air minum, sedangkan parameter mikrobiologi belum memenuhi standar kualitas air minum disebabkan adanya kandungan bakteri Fecal coli pada sampel mata air dengan jumlah rata-rata 100 Fecal coli/100 mL. Kata Kunci : Kualitas mata air, Parameter Kimia, Parameter Mikrobiologi. ABSTRACT Introduction: Water is a natural resource needed for the livelihood of many people. Drinking water is water with or without processing that meet health requirements and can be drunk directly, this is based on . Men Kes No. 492/MENKES//IV/2010. Kukuh Village, Marga District, Tabanan Regency is divided into 8 banjar dinas, one of which is the Banjar Tagtag, which is the center of the utilization of drinking water sources in the village area. Method: The type of research used is a descriptive study of the feasibility of water quality based on chemical and microbiological parameters on water from a spring source in Kukuh Village, Marga District, Tabanan Regency. Results: The results of the identification of the feasibility of drinking water quality that has been carried out three times tn the month of May, July, and September. The results of the identification of chemical and microbiological parameters were : a). Chemical parameters, showed that all identified parameters are at the missible level. c). Microbiological parameters showed the results of Fecal coli contents in spring samples with and an average number of 100 Fecal coli/100 mL. Discussion: The results of the identification of chemical and microbiological parameters indicated that the identification of chemical parameters were in accordance with drinking water quality standards, while the microbiological parameters did not meet drinking water quality standards, because in the water sample there was the content of Fecal coli bacteria in the spring samples with and average number of 100 Fecal coli/100 mL. Keywords : Quality of Springs, Chemical Parameters, Bacteriological Parameters

<p align="center"><strong>ABSTRAK</strong><strong></strong></p><p>Konsep guru adalah status fungsional seseorang, sedangkan orang yang membelajarkan anak didik disebut pembelajar. Konsep siswa juga merupakan status fungsional peserta didik, sedangkan orang yang sedang belajar disebut pemelajar. Kata <em>pelajaran</em> artinya (1) ‘yang dipelajari atau yang diajarkan’ atau (2) ‘latihan’.<em> </em>Daftar yang biasanya ditempelkan di dinding kelas disebut <em>daftar pelajaran, </em>dan bukan <em>daftar pengajaran.</em> Frasa <em>tahun ajaran</em> artinya ‘tingkatan masa siswa belajar dan bukan <em>tahun pelajaran.</em><em> </em>Guru bahasa dan sastra pada masa milenial hendaklah memiliki sifat a) ulet, b) sabar, c) inovatif, d) produktif, e) periang, dan f) idola siswa. Guru pada Era Edukasi 4.0 memiliki beberapa profil, seperti 1) m<strong>au </strong>belajar sepanjang hayat, 2) sukses dan profesional, 3) memiliki kualitas pribadi yang baik, dan 4) pandai dalam pengelolaan kelas.<strong></strong></p><p><strong>Kata Kunci: pembelajar, pemelajar, guru, siswa, era edukasi 4.0 <em></em></strong></p><p><strong><em> </em></strong></p><p align="center"><strong><em>ABSTRACT</em></strong></p><p><em>The concept of the teacher is the status of a person, while the person who teaches learners is called an instructors. The concept of students is also a status, while people who are studying are called learners. The word lesson means (1) "learned or taught" or (2) "practice". Lists that are usually posted on a classroom wall are called lesson lists, and not a list of teachings. The school year phrase means ‘the level of student learning time and not the school year. Language and literature teachers in the millennial era should have the characteristics of a) tenacious, b) patient, c) innovative, d) productive, e) cheerful, and f) student idols. Teachers in the Education 4.0 era have several profiles, such as 1) willing to learn throughout life, 2) success and professionalism, 3) having good personal qualities, and 4) teachers who are good at classroom management.</em><em></em></p><p><strong><em>Keywords: </em></strong><strong><em>instructor, learner, teacher, student, the education 4.0 era</em></strong><strong><em></em></strong></p>

Abstract: Buying and selling is a contract of exchange for anything, including goods with goods, or goods with money in accordance of the terms and conditions permitted in Islam. Pricing in maqashid syariah, must be in accordance with the rules stated in the supply, and demand because the purpose of the price is to protect their interests, namely traders who want to sell their wares. The problems in setting prices at Sawahmulya village is still not effective, means that there are still those who sell gas LPG 3 kg below or above the price set by BUMDES local. So the price of LPG gas is given from the agent to retailers as well is different. This type of research is a type of empirical and juridical research using the socio-ligel research approach. Location the place of research is Bawean Island precisely in the Village Sawahmulya Sangkapura District, Gresik Regency. The result of research on the provisions of BUMDES, the selling price of 3 LPG kg gas Rp 30.000,-. Regarding the purchase of 3 kg LPG gas cylinders depending on demand from retailer or consumer. Pricing in sharia maqasids is carried out by the government is appropriate because in this stipulation is nothing, but for the benefit of the people. The conclusion is the sale of 3 kg LPG gas, which is on Bawean Island, has a sales system different and not all take the 3 kg LPG gas in BUMDES, there are also those who take direct business in Gresik. The sales LPG gas in the Sawahmulya Village are not in accordance with the existing provisions in the local BUMDES. Keywords: Maqashid Syariah, Buying and selling, Pricing Abstrak: Jual beli merupakan suatu akad tukar menukar dengan apapun diantaranya baik barang dengan barang, atau barang dengan uang sesuai dengan ketentuan rukun dan syarat yang diperbolehkan dalam Islam. Penetapan harga dalam maqashid syariah, harus sesuai dengan aturan-aturan yang tertera pada supply and demand, karena tujuan dalam tas’ir (ketetapan) harga adalah untuk melindungi hajat mereka, yakni para pedagang yang ingin menjual barang dagangannya. Permasalahan dalam penetapan harga yang ada di Desa Sawahmulya ini masih belum efektif, maksudnya masih ada yang menjual gas LPG 3 kg dibawah atau diatas harga yang telah ditetapkan oleh BUMDES setempat. Sehingga harga gas LPG yang diberikan agen kepada pengecer juga berbeda. Jenis penelitian ini adalah jenis penelitian yuridis empiris dan menggunakan metode pendekatan socio-ligel research. Lokasi yang menjadi tempat penelitian adalah Pulau Bawean tepatnya di Desa Sawahmulya Kecamatan Sangkapura Kabupaten Gresik. Hasil dari penelitian mengenai ketetapan BUMDES, harga penjualan gas LPG 3 kg Rp 30.000,-. Mengenai pembelian tabung gas LPG 3 kg itu tergantung permintaan dari pengecer atau konsumen. Penetapan harga dalam maqasid syariah yang dilakukan oleh pemerintah sudah sesuai dikarenakan dalam penetapan ini tak lain hanya demi kemashlahatan umat. Kesimpulannya adalah penjualan gas LPG 3 kg, yang terdapat di Pulau Bawean sistem penjualannya itu berbeda dan tidak semua mengambil gas LPG 3 kg di BUMDES, ada juga yang mengambil langsung keperusahaan atau daratan Gresik. Penjualan gas LPG yang ada di Desa Sawahmulya ini belum sesuai dengan ketetapan yang ada di BUMDES setempat. Kata kunci: Maqashid Syariah, Jual Beli, Penetapan Harga

<p align="center"><strong>Abstrak</strong></p><p> Perlindungan, kesejahteraan dan kemandirian kelompok lanjut usia semakin penting sejalan dengan meningkatnya jumlah lanjut usia, kesejahteraan dan perwujudan kota ramah lanjut usia di Surakarta. Sekolah Adiyuswo (Lanjut Usia) dalam pelaksanaan di Kota Suratakarta terkait erat dengan langkah kebijakan mewujudkan kota ramah lansia dan kebijakan kota inklusif yang telah ditetapkan Kota Surakarta sejak tahun 2006. Arah kebijakan tersebut termuat dalam Rencana Pembangunan Jangka Menengah Daerah Kota Surakarta Tahun 2021 – 2026 dengan leading sektor pelaksana adalah Dinas Sosial dan Bappeda Kota Surakarta sebagai koordinator perencanaan pembangunan daerah. </p><p> Pelaksanaan kebijakan tentang Sekolah Adiyuswo (Lanjut Usia) dilaksanakan sesuai dengan arah kebijakan Pendidikan sepanjang hayat melalui Pendidikan non-formal secara teratur dan terencana. Pendidikan ini dilaksanakan secara setara dan partisipatif. Dalam hal ini dipersiapkan fasilitator, mentor dan pelayanan kesehatan dan sosial memalui kelembagaan lokal baik melalui Komda Lansia, Forum Lansia di kecamatan dan lembaga di kelurahan melalui bina keluarga lansia. Sekolah lansia melibatkan kelompok sasaran adalah penduduk pra lansia, kelompok lansia dan anggota keluarga lain yang mengasuh lansia dalam rumah tangga. </p><p><em>Kata kunci : sekolah lanjut usia, kesejahteraan lanjut usia.</em></p><p> </p><p align="center"><strong><em>Abstract</em></strong></p><p><em>The protection, welfare and independence of the elderly group is increasingly important in line with the increasing number of elderly people, welfare and the realization of an elderly friendly city in Surakarta. The Adiyuswo (Olderly) School in implementation in the City of Surakarta is closely related to the policy steps to realize an elderly-friendly city and the inclusive city policy that has been established by the City of Surakarta since 200</em><em>6</em><em>. The policy direction is contained in the Surakarta City Medium-Term Development Plan 2021-2026 with The leading implementing sectors are the Social Service</em><em> (Dinas Sosial) </em><em> and Bappeda </em><em> </em><em>as the coordinator of regional development planning.</em></p><p><em> The implementation of policies regarding Adiyuswo Schools (Seniors) is carried out in accordance with the direction of the policy on Lifelong Education through regular and planned non-formal education. This education is carried out in an equal and participatory manner. In this case, facilitators, mentors and health and social services are prepared through local institutions, either through the Elderly Committee, Elderly Forums in sub-districts and institutions in the village through fostering elderly families. The elderly school involves the target group, namely the pre-elderly population, the elderly group and other family members who take care of the elderly in the household.</em></p><em>Keywords: elderly school, elderly welfare</em>

Abstract The rapid development of the city has resulted in the development of development in each city getting more massive with a relatively fast duration of development. This has very significant impacts on the livelihoods of the people. One of the impacts is flooding that occurs due to wrong land use and improper drainage makers. Drainage as a diversion system for excess water is needed to divert water that falls into the road body and tackle inundation that occurs when it rains. This is intended to reduce the risk of accidents due to slipping of tires due to water. The planning of the road surface drainage system in the case of the Budiman Kota Tembilahan road needs important attention in order to avoid flooding or accidents. In this study, an analysis of drainage planning was carried out with a simulation using hecras 4.0 software to simulate the planned drainage conditions on Jalan Budiman, Tembilahan city. After collecting data on the length of the drainage channel on Jalan Budiman, Tembilahan city and Catchment for the residential area on Jalan Budiman, Tembilahan city, as well as rainfall data for the last 10 years, the planned discharge and drainage for the drainage of Jalan Budiman, Tembilahan city are Qrencana = 0,141 m3/dt dan Qsaluran = 0,264 m3/dt dimana Qs > Qr with a rectangular cross section. Then the calculation simulation can be done using HEC-RAS 4.0 software. The results of the analysis of the drainage planning of Tembilahan city roads state that the planned drainage using hecras simulations based on manual calculations is able to accommodate discharge and no runoff. Keywords: Hec ras 4.0, discharge , simulation Abstrak Pesatnya perkembangan kota mengakibatkan perkembangan pembangunan pada tiap – tiap kota semakin masif dengan durasi perkembangan yang relatif cepat. Hal tersebut memiliki dampak – dampak yang sangat signifikan bagi hajat hidup warga. Salah satu dampaknya ialah banjir yg terjadi diakibatkan tata guna lahan yang salah dan pembuat drainase yang tidak tepat. Drainase sebagai sistem pengalih kelebihan air sangat diperlukan untuk mengalihkan air yang jatuh ke badan jalan dan menanggulangi genangan yang terjadi ketika hujan. Hal tersebut dimaksudkan untuk menggurangi resiko kecelakaan karena tergelincirnya ban akibat air. Perencanaan sistem drainase permukaan jalan dalam kasus jalan budiman kota tembilahan perlu mendapat perhatian yang penting guna terhindar dari genangan banjir atau kecelakaan. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan analisis perencanaan drainase dengan simulasi menggunakan software hecras 4.0 guna mensimulasilkan kondisi drainase yang direncanakan pada Jalan Budiman kota Tembilahan. Setelah mengumpulkan data panjang saluran drainase di jalan Budiman kota Tembilahan dan Catchment Area pemukiman di Jalan Budiman kota Tembilahan, serta data curah hujan 10 tahun terakhir diperoleh debit rencana dan debit saluran untuk drainase Jalan Budiman kota Tembilahan adalah Qrencana = 0,141 m3/dt dan Qsaluran = 0,264 m3/dt dimana Qs > Qr dengan penampang persegi empat. Kemudian dapat dilakukan simulasi perhitungan menggunakan software HEC-RAS 4.0.Hasil dari Analisis perencanaan drainase jalan budiman kota tembilahan menyatakan drainase yang direncanakan dengan menggunakan simulasi hecras yang berdasarkan hitungan manual mampu mengakomodasi debit dan tidak terjadi limpasan. Kata kunci: Hec Ras 4.0, Debit, simulasi

AbstrakPendidikan adalah gejala semesta (fenomena universal) dan berlangsung sepanjang hayat manusia, di manapun manusia berada. Pendidikan seharusnya mampu memengaruhi peserta didik agar dapat berprestasi dan mampu menyesuaikan diri sebaik mungkin dengan lingkungan sehingga peserta didik dapat melakukan fungsinya dengan optimal dalam kehidupan masyarakat. Namun, para ahli menemukan bahwa kemauan belajar mahasiswa dipengaruhi tinggi rendahnya motivasi yang dimilikinya.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui adakah pengaruh motivasi belajar mahasiswa terhadap prestasi akademik mahasiswa. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah Mahasiswa Program Studi Teknologi Pendidikan Fakultas Ilmu Pendidikan Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta yang telah menempuh semester 4. Data dikumpulkan dengan metode angket, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah regresi linier sederhana dengan uji t yang digunakan untuk menguji hipotesis menggunakan SPSS versi 16.0. Uji prasayarat yaitu uji normalitas, uji linearitas, dan uji heteroskedastasitas dilaksanakan sebelum data dianalisa. Hasil uji normalitas terhadap data penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa data berdistribusi normal, uji linearitas menunjukkan bahwa terdapat hubungan yang linear antara variabel motivasi belajar dengan prestasi akademik, serta uji heteroskedastasitas menunjukkan tidak terjadi gejala heteroskedastasitas dalam model regresi.Selanjutnya, dari hasil pengujian hipotesis ditemukan bahwa nilai thitung sebesar 17,837 di mana nilai tersebut lebih besar dari nilai ttabel (2,000), dan nilai signifikansi sebesar 0,000 dimana nilai tersebut lebih kecil dari 0,05. Nilai thitung bernilai positif, yang berarti bahwa semakin tinggi motivasi belajar terhadap prestasi akademik mahasiswa Teknologi Pendidikan juga semakin tinggi Kata Kunci: motivasi belajar, prestasi belajar, motivasi mahasiswa THE EFFECT OF STUDENT’S MOTIVATION ON ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT Abstract Education is a universal phenomenon and lasts throughout human life, wherever humans are. Education should be able to influence students in order to achieve and be able to adapt as best as possible to the environment so that students can perform their functions optimally in community life. However, experts found that students' willingness to learn was influenced by the level of motivation they had.This study aims to determine whether there is an effect of students’ motivation on their academic achievement. The population in this study were students of the Educational Technology Study Program, Faculty of Education, Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta, who had taken the 4th semester. The data were collected using questionnaires, interviews, and documentations. The analysis technique used is simple linear regression by using SPSS version 16.0. The prerequisite test, that are the normality test, linearity test, and heteroscedasticity test were carried out before the data were analyzed. The results of the normality test on the data of this study indicated that the data is normally distributed, the linearity test showed that there is a linear relationship between variable of the learning motivation and academic achievement, and the heteroscedasticity test showed no heteroscedasticity symptoms in the regression model.Furthermore, from the results of hypothesis testing it was found that the t-count value was 17.837 where the value was greater than the t-table value (2,000), and the significance value was 0,000 where the value was less than 0.05. The value of t-count is positive, which means that the higher the students’ motivation to learn, the higher the students' academic achievement. Keywords: learning motivation, learning achievement, student’s motivation

ABSTRAK Penelitian ini ditujukan untuk mengetahui hubungan kualitas audit, komite audit, dan Dewan Pengawas Syariah (DPS) terhadap kinerja Bank Umum Syariah di Indonesia pada tahun 2015-2020 yang diproksikan dengan ROA, baik secara parsial dan simultan. Melalui pendekatan kuantitatif dengan teknik analisis regresi data panel, hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa secara parsial, kualitas audit yang dihasilkan KAP Big 4 berpengaruh positif signifikan terhadap kinerja bank umum syariah. Pada variabel komite audit, ukuran komite audit tidak mempengaruhi kinerja bank umum syariah, sedangkan kompetensi dan frekuensi komite audit berpengaruh negatif signifikan terhadap kinerja bank umum syariah. Pada variabel DPS, ukuran dan frekuensi rapat DPS berpengaruh negatif signfikan terhadap kinerja bank umum syariah, sedangkan kompetensi DPS berpengaruh positif signifikan terhadap kinerja bank umum syariah. Secara simultan, kualitas audit, komite audit, serta DPS berpengaruh positif signifikan terhadap kinerja bank umum syariah. Penelitian ini diharapkan dapat bermanfaat bagi manajemen perusahaan, sebagai bahan pertimbangan untuk meningkatkan efektivitas peran pengawasan dalam penerapan tata kelola perusahaan agar dapat mewujudkan kinerja perusahaan menjadi lebih baik. Kata Kunci: Kualitas audit, Komite audit, Dewan Pengawas Syariah, Kinerja Bank. ABSTRACT This study aims is to find out the relationship between audit quality, audit committee, and Sharia Supervisory Board (SSB) on the performance of Islamic Commercial Banks in Indonesia in 2015-2020 as proxied by ROA, both partially and simultaneously. Through a quantitative approach with panel data regression analysis techniques, the results of the study show that partially, the audit quality produced by KAP Big 4 has a significant positive effect on the performance of Islamic commercial banks. In the audit committee variable, the size of the audit committee does not affect the performance of Islamic commercial banks, while the competence and frequency of the audit committee have a significant negative effect on the performance of Islamic commercial banks. In the DPS variable, the size and frequency of DPS meetings have a significant negative effect on the performance of Islamic commercial banks, while DPS competence has a significant positive effect on the performance of Islamic commercial banks. Simultaneously, audit quality, audit committee, and DPS have a significant positive effect on the performance of Islamic commercial banks. This research is expected to be useful for company management, as a consideration for increasing the effectiveness of the supervisory role in the implementation of corporate governance in order to realize better company performance. Keywords: Audit Quality, Audit committee, Shariah Supervisory Board, Banks performance. 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Rapid urbanization rates impact significantly on the nature of Land Cover patterns of the environment, which has been evident in the depletion of vegetal reserves and in general modifying the human climatic systems (Henderson, et al., 2017; Kumar, Masago, Mishra, & Fukushi, 2018; Luo and Lau, 2017). This study explores remote sensing classification technique and other auxiliary data to determine LULCC for a period of 50 years (1967-2016). The LULCC types identified were quantitatively evaluated using the change detection approach from results of maximum likelihood classification algorithm in GIS. Accuracy assessment results were evaluated and found to be between 56 to 98 percent of the LULC classification. The change detection analysis revealed change in the LULC types in Minna from 1976 to 2016. Built-up area increases from 74.82ha in 1976 to 116.58ha in 2016. Farmlands increased from 2.23 ha to 46.45ha and bared surface increases from 120.00ha to 161.31ha between 1976 to 2016 resulting to decline in vegetation, water body, and wetlands. The Decade of rapid urbanization was found to coincide with the period of increased Public Private Partnership Agreement (PPPA). Increase in farmlands was due to the adoption of urban agriculture which has influence on food security and the environmental sustainability. The observed increase in built up areas, farmlands and bare surfaces has substantially led to reduction in vegetation and water bodies. The oscillatory nature of water bodies LULCC which was not particularly consistent with the rates of urbanization also suggests that beyond the urbanization process, other factors may influence the LULCC of water bodies in urban settlements. Keywords: Minna, Niger State, Remote Sensing, Land Surface Characteristics References Akinrinmade, A., Ibrahim, K., & Abdurrahman, A. (2012). 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Caulerpa lentillifera (sea grape) has been widely used in pharmaceutical industry and health-care products in Thailand. In this study, we attempted to evaluate the toxicity and antioxidant capacity of sea grape extracts in five fractions (ethanol- CLET, hexane- CLHE, ethyl acetate- CLEA, butanol-CLBU, and aqueous-CLAQ). The extracts were evaluated for cytotoxicity by MTT and LDH assays on four cell lines, fibroblast (L929), macrophages (RAW 264.7), hepatocytes (FL83B), and keratinocytes (HaCaT). Genotoxicity was tested by comet assay and micronucleus assay on human lymphoblast cells (TK6). The antioxidant capacity was measured by DPPH and ABTS scavenging assays. Our results demonstrated low cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of CLET, CLBU and CLAQ. When tested by DPPH and ABTS assays, CLET, CLEA, and CLHE showed high antioxidant activity. In conclusion, CLET, CLBU, and CLAQ demonstrated no toxic effects, and CLET, CLEA, and CLHE exhibited high antioxidant capacity. Therefore, our results indicated that CLET, CLEA, and CLHE could be consumed safely at doses lower than 500 and 200 μg/ml for CLHE and CLEA, respectively. Keywords: Anti-oxidation, Caulerpa lentillifera, Cytotoxicity, Genotoxicity

 This paper is a part of theses in graduate programs at Indonesian Arts Institute (ISI) in Sura- karta. Music composition under cultivation is titled “ngarumat” that has inspired from ritual Hajat Buruan, which was in a Bandung suburban that has been a tradition carried out by the local commu- nity. Methods used in the process of creating this work of art is an experiment and exploration. The Tradition of ritual Hajat Buruan is still maintained and always served as a means of cultural ritual jargon: ngajaga lembur, akur jeung batur, panceg dina galur, which means: keep the area together with obey the rules that applied. Keywords: tradition, music compotition    ABSTRAK Tulisan ini merupakan bagian dari tesis di program pascasarjana di Institut Seni Indo- nesia (ISI) Surakarta. Komposisi musik yang digarap berjudul ‘ngarumat’ yang terinspirasi dari ritual Hajat Buruan, yang berada di pinggiran kota Bandung yang telah menjadi tradisi yang dilakukan oleh masyarakat setempat. Metode yang digunakan dalam proses pencip- taan karya seni ini adalah eksperimen dan eksplorasi. Tradisi ritual Hajat Buruan masih di- pertahankan dan selalu disajikan sebagai sarana jargon ritual budaya: ngajaga lembur, akur jeung batur, panceg dina galur, yang artinya: menjaga daerah bersama-sama taat pada aturan yang ada. Kata kunci: tradisi, komposisi musik