Academic literature on the topic 'Key stage three'
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Journal articles on the topic "Key stage three"
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Fu, Rui Gang, Yue Dong, Huai Yu Xiao, Chun Zhi Wang, and Xin Xiang Zhang. "Study of Key Technologies of Monitoring in Stage Hydraulic System." Advanced Materials Research 658 (January 2013): 414–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.658.414.
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As cultural life becomes rich,people have increasing demands for stage effects on performances.In some top grade cultural sites and entertainment venues,hydraulic lift stages replace traditional stationary stages for the sake of creating lively three-dimensional performance effects.However, stage hydraulic system is relatively huge.It’s not easy to check out the location of the fault quickly, which makes the efficiency of resolving the fault low. Based on the simulation of the circuit of stage hydraulic system,by means of collecting,transforming and analyzing pressure and flow signal of “final mile” of stage hydraulic system under different pressure conditions,we can summarize the relationship between pressure and flow as well as realize remote monitoring. And then we can determine whether there is a fault,and resolve the fault in time. In addition,a solenoid valve is added to the circuit,which makes the two-way circulation loop possible.
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Clifford Chan, Kam Wai, Mayssaa El Rifai, Pramode Verma, Subhash Kak, and Yuhua Chen. "Security Analysis of the Multi-Photon Three-Stage Quantum Key Distribution." International Journal on Cryptography and Information Security 5, no. 3/4 (December 30, 2015): 01–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.5121/ijcis.2015.5401.
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Richer, C., M. Poulin, and J. A. Rioux. "Factors influencing pollen germination in three Explorer™ roses." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 87, no. 1 (January 1, 2007): 115–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/p05-247.
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Pollen germination is useful for the estimation of pollen viability. For three cultivars from the Explorer™ series, Champlain, Nicolas and Frontenac, a liquid medium with a pH of 5.6 and a saccharose concentration of 15% provides optimal germination conditions. Four flower stages were determined and evaluated according to the following scale: flower bud at stage 0 (closed bud), stage 1 (closed petals but open sepals), stage 2 (bud with petals three-quarters open) and stage 3 (fully open flower). Pollen germination was higher when the pollen was collected at stages 0 and 1 for Champlain, at stages 1 and 2 for Frontenac and at stage 2 for Nicolas. Based on the results of the evaluation of pollen drying techniques, it is recommended that pollen be dried for 24 h in darkness before use in crossing. Key words: Rosa, rose, rose breeding, pollen harvesting, pollen drying, pollen germination test
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Costley, Carol. "Music and Gender at Key Stage Three (11–14): An Action Research Project." British Journal of Music Education 10, no. 3 (November 1993): 197–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0265051700001753.
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This article seeks to create further professional debate on the practical, political and historical significance of girls' experience in music education, and to suggest possible ways for change.A secondary schools research project on Music and Gender is outlined and work in one project school where language (especially the words in songs) was the focus is discussed in detail.
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Fomichev, V. M., and D. M. Kolesova. "On characteristics of a three-stage key generator with an alternating step modified with key generator "Stop-Forward"." Prikladnaya diskretnaya matematika. Prilozhenie, no. 10 (September 1, 2017): 99–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/2226308x/10/40.
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Smith, Don. "A Leadership Development Program for Young Men." Journal of Youth and Theology 19, no. 1 (May 9, 2020): 70–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/24055093-bja10004.
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This grounded theory research paper presents an analysis of the motivation of young men in commencing a three-stage leadership development program and the critical influences impacting their decision to return for subsequent stages of the program. The key findings are that both people and program influences are significant. The key program influences initially are the community and group in Stage 1 along with certain program-specific elements. This creates a momentum towards Stage 2 where a three-day wilderness Solo experience emerges as the core category / central phenomenon – drawing participants from Stage 1 and being motivational towards Stage 3. Specific program elements and “lenses” are identified for future research.
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Freedman, Ruth. "Brief therapy to manage challenging behaviour at Key Stage 3." DECP Debate 1, no. 101 (March 2002): 15–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.53841/bpsdeb.2002.1.101.15.
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The current project extended over five months, and used SFBT interviews with six identified pupils in years 8 and 9 at a secondary school in Richmond upon Thames, who were presenting with social and behavioural difficulties. These students were receiving no other ‘formal’ educational or clinical interventions at the time, and were considered able to be helped through early intervention. The project aimed to reduce the incidence of inappropriate behaviours and the likelihood of exclusion for these students, to improve their ability to discuss and reflect upon their difficulties and hence enhance their social skills with adults.Twenty-five interviews were carried out: I interviewed the student, a parent and a key teacher individually to identify strategies that could help the pupil. I finalised these strategies at a fourth meeting with all three parties, and distributed the list of suggestions. It remained the responsibility of the key teacher and of the school to follow the suggestions through and liaise with all relevant teachers.The project was evaluated in a range of ways and five of the six students clearly made small but noticeable improvements over two terms. In addition there seemed to be a number of interesting and positive gains for the school, which could be further developed.
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Grillo, Hanzel, Josefa Mula, Sandra Martínez, and Ander Errasti. "Key Parameters for the Analysis Stage of Internationalization of Operations." Brazilian Journal of Operations & Production Management 15, no. 2 (June 1, 2018): 173–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.14488/bjopm.2018.v15.n2.a1.
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In this paper, we identify the key parameters to consider in a decision model on internationalization of operations. In order to propose these parameters, the GLOBOPE framework was adopted as the basis of this work. This framework contemplates the three commonest challenges of global operations configuration for industrial manufacturing companies in an internationalization process, which are: new facility implementation (NFI); global suppliers’ network development (GSND); multisite production network configuration. A set of suitable parameters is herein provided for NFI and GSND in the analysis stage from strategic, tactical and operational decision levels. These parameters could be used in the future as a basis for the development of quantitative tools for decision making on the internationalization of operations.
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McLain, Matt. "Reviewing the Impact of the National Strategies Design and Technology Framework for Key Stage Three." European Journal of Social & Behavioural Sciences 9, no. 2 (April 30, 2014): 1355–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.15405/ejsbs.119.
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Jiao, Xi, Yuan Zheng, and Zhen Liu. "Three-stage quantitative approach of understanding household adaptation decisions in rural Cambodia." International Journal of Climate Change Strategies and Management 12, no. 1 (January 20, 2020): 39–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijccsm-01-2019-0004.
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Purpose A better understanding of the processes that shape households’ adaptation decisions is essential for developing pertinent policies locally, thereby enabling better adaptation across scales and multiple stakeholders. This paper aims to examine the determinants of household decisions to adapt, it is also possible to target factors that facilitate or constrain adaptation. This helps to identify key components of current adaptive capacity, which leads to important insights into households’ competence to adapt in the future. Design/methodology/approach This paper takes a full-pledged approach examining factors and processes that shape households’ climate adaptation decision-making in rural Cambodia at three levels: adaptation status, adaptation intensity and choices of adaptation strategy. The three-stage analyses are materialized by applying the double hurdle model and multivariate probit model, which provides a potential way to systematically assess household adaptation decision-making in rural settings. Findings Results show a high level of involvement in adaptation among local households who are facing multiple stressors including climatic risks. The findings suggest that perceived climate change influence households’ decisions in both adaptation status and intensity. Access to financial credit, farmland size, water availability and physical asset holdings are identified as key factors promoting the adoption of more adaptation measures. To facilitate adaptation, collective effort and support at community level is important in providing knowledge based climate information dissemination and early warning systems. Public sector support and development aid programs should focus on positive triggers for targeted community and household adaptation. Originality/value The study, to the authors’ best knowledge, is one of the first studies to investigate the determinants of local adaptation decision-making systematically in Cambodia. It also provides a comprehensive approach to improve understanding of adaptation decision-making processes by exploring how various capital assets are associated with different stages of adaptation decisions. The findings contribute to policy implications enlightening adaptation planning at multi-scales with knowledge of key factors, which enhance local adaptive capacity to reduce climate change vulnerability.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Key stage three"
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Diment, Kim Rowena. "Responses to Shakespeare at Key Stage 3 : a study in three schools." Thesis, University of Bath, 2002. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.426203.
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Costley, Carol. "Women, music & culture : equality issues in music education at Key Stage Three." Thesis, University of Surrey, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.260254.
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Olakanmi, Eunice Eyitayo. "Co- and self-regulation in a computer supported collaborative learning environment among Key Stage Three students." Thesis, Open University, 2011. http://oro.open.ac.uk/54239/.
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The current understanding of students' co- and self-regulated learning behaviours during group learning is limited. Research on social cognitive models of self-regulated learning (SRL) focused primarily on understanding the processes that students use to self-regulate their learning and the subsequent benefits of SRL on learning and academic performance. Recently, sociocultural models have begun to argue that SRL is fostered, developed, and maintained within social contexts and as a result of interactions with teachers and peers. This research employs both social cognitive and sociocultural theories to investigate students' co- regulatory behaviours in a computer supported collaborative learning (CSCL) environment. The students worked in a computer based science simulation learning environment in which either self-regulatory prompts or co- and self- regulatory prompts were given. A longitudinal design methodology incorporating four studies was adopted. The first study engaged two hundred and fourteen year 7 and 8 (11-13 year oIds) students to pilot the developed co-regulated strategies for learning questionnaire (CRSLQ) in a high school at Bedfordshire County in the United Kingdom. The remaining three studies engaged forty year 7 students (11-12 year olds) from the same school who were randomly assigned to either the experimental or the control group to work collaboratively on various science topics. Both quantitative and qualitative data analyses were used to examine the strategies that students used to co- regulate their learning processes over time. Results from the quantitative analysis revealed a statistically significant difference between the experimental and the control groups in the students' demonstration of co-regulated learning (CRL) behaviours over time. However, the results from the knowledge tests, although they suggested that learning had taken place, did not reach statistical significance. Findings from the qualitative analysis suggested between group and within group differences in the nature of co-regulatory processes that groups used to co-regulate their learning behaviour over the course of the three studies. Theoretically, this research extends individual models of SRL to include social forms of regulation arguing that students acquire, refine, and use different forms of regulatory processes to regulate their learning behaviours during collaborative learning. Finally, given the emphasis on SRL throughout the national curriculum this research supports the use of collaborative tasks in a technology-rich learning environment as an instructional method to increase students' regulatory processes. Some recommendations for future work are then made.
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Fairlamb, Linda. "An investigation into the use of empathy in the teaching of English literature at Key Stage Three." Thesis, n.p, 2001. http://oro.open.ac.uk/18809.
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Tufnell, Richard. "Issues relating to the statutory assessment of Design and Technology at Key Stage Three, 1989 to 1993." Thesis, University of Warwick, 1995. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/109198/.
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This thesis is principally concerned with the statutory assessment of design and technology at key stage 3 of the National Curriculum. Design and technology is a foundation subject of the National Curriculum for England and Wales introduced under the auspices of The Education Reform Act of 1988. To establish the context in which this research was undertaken, this chapter describes in outline the National Curriculum. In particular the role of The Task Group on Assessment and Testing is considered and discussed as its key recommendations had a direct influence on statutory testing. In particular issues relating to end of key stage 3 assessment in design and technology, the focus of this thesis, are detailed. The aims of this thesis are described in relation to the key questions which it seeks to answer. In brief these are concerned with the validity and reliability of national statutory tasks; the impact of adopting criterion referencing in design and technology; the effect of assessment activities on learning experiences and the relationship between the different modes of assessment. Each of these issues is reviewed in relation to the way in which they might effect statutory testing. In addition the aspects which will need to be considered in undertaking the research and development required are identified.
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Cruice, Mari. "How are Key Stage Three English teachers responding to shifting discources on standards and standardisation in England and Wales?" Thesis, Kingston University, 2010. http://eprints.kingston.ac.uk/20871/.
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Historically, the subject of 'English' has often been associated with progressive teaching styles; 'personal growth' as a pedagogical aim has been a strong thread running through accounts of English teaching in England and Wales from the 1920s to the 1970s. From 1988, the 'disciplinary technologies' of the 'standards agenda', including detailed tables of content standards, standardised assessments and prescriptive pedagogies, have played an important role in shaping the subject. However, in 2008 standardised tests in English at Key Stage Three were suddenly abolished in England, amid signs that the dominance of the logic of standards was receding. This Research Project examines the work of Key Stage Three English teachers in England and explores their responses to shifting discourses on standards between October 2008 and March 2010. The experiences of English teachers in Wales (where standardised tests were purposefully abolished in 2005) are used as an illuminating comparator. Data was generated from semi-structured interviews with teachers, lecturers and civil servants; attendance at a subject association meeting for English teachers in London; and close readings of curriculum and assessment documents from England and Wales. Grounded Theory, supplemented by Situational Analysis (Clarke 2005), was used to analyse the data and to theorise about the links between practice, policy and discourse. The study concludes that the removal of standardised testing at Key Stage Three, in both England and Wales, has widened teachers' pedagogical repertoires and has prompted a more active and holistic engagement with literature, especially Shakespeare texts. It also finds that in Wales, despite moves to grant teachers more autonomy to assess students, a persistently performative discourse is pressurizing teachers to inflate grades and to 'fabricate' assessment data. In England -in spite of the abolition of SATs and the National Strategies and an ostensibly less prescriptive curriculum - nationally generated standards continue in a variety of forms, including standardised assessment grids from the Assessing Pupils' Progress (APP) initiative. However, APP is non-statutory which means that practitioners have an opportunity to shape their own assessment practices, particularly if they develop the pedagogical connoisseurship to defend their choices.
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Hollis, Isabel Rose. "Predicting and preventing behaviour difficulties at Key Stage 3 : a study of a mainstream secondary school and three primary schools." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.424413.
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Coates, L. "Exploring narratives of success in learning in a Key Stage Three Pupil Referral Unit : an appreciative inquiry through a dialogic narrative lens." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2017. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/17929/.
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Research has elicited the views of young people and teaching staff surrounding learning in PRUs, however there is a need for greater inquiry focusing on bridging communication between students and staff members. Pupil Referral Units (PRUs) are under a high level of scrutiny related to their academic outcomes (Taylor, 2012), but the voices of young people and PRU staff are largely absent from this political discourse. This small-scale, social constructionist research study explored narratives elicited in the context of an Appreciative Inquiry (AI) on the topic of successful learning. It engaged young people and staff from a Key Stage Three inner-London PRU, in mixed focus group discussions, following a 4-D Cycle of Appreciative Inquiry (Discover, Dream, Design, Destiny; Cooperrider, Barrett & Srivastva, 1995). To complement AI’s emphasis on the use of storytelling to evoke shared meanings, the research utilised Dialogic Narrative Analysis for a deeper exploration of narratives constructed. It draws upon the dialogic concepts of polyphony (multiple voices apparent within an individual voice), heteroglossia (codes of language from communities; Bakhtin, 1981), and positioning (how people and institutions are related to one another and the self, within an individual’s talk; Frank, 2012). The purpose of the research was not to access a truth about these voices, but to identify these features within narratives. Patterns identified in narrative production helped to make sense of how students and staff members constructed narratives of success in learning. They related to how students positioned themselves within narratives of what both they and others need; how they constructed mainstream and PRU entities (and teachers within both) in contrast to one another; as well as the discourses and genres drawn upon within their narratives. Divergences are noted where narratives are constructed to be appreciative to some, but not to others. The Appreciative Inquiry elicited visions for the future of the PRU, towards which, staff members constructed tangible actions. Implications for Educational Psychology practice are considered, including critical reflection on the use of Appreciative Inquiry in the PRU context, and its limitations.
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Schmitz-Justen, Felix. "A network for communication, art and technology and the three key elements environment, group and stage : a complete documentation of complex development processes /." Sankt Augustin, Germany : GMD-Forschungszentrum Informationstechnik, 2000. http://www.gmd.de/publications/research/2000/007/.
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Smart, Dean. "Invisible, stereotypes or citizens ? : an examination of visual representations of people of colour and visible minorities in key stage three history textbooks in England." Thesis, University of the West of England, Bristol, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.444530.
Full textBooks on the topic "Key stage three"
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West, Keith. Key stage three : technology. London, [Eng.]: Letts Educational, 1991.
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Key stage three Spanish: The workbook. Broughton-in-Furness: CGP, 2013.
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Key Stage Three Shakespeare: Richard III. Kirkby in Furness: Coordination Group Publications, 2005.
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Hawkin, Terry. French: Key stage three : age 11-14. London: BPP (Letts Educational), 1993.
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Barber, John. English: Key stage three : age 11-14. London: Letts, 1991.
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Richard, Parsons, and Science Coordination Group, eds. Key stage three science: The revision guide. [Great Britain?]: Coordination Group., 1998.
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School Examinations and Assessment Council. School assessment folder (part three): Key stage 3. London: SEAC, 1992.
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Constant, Clare. Developing comprehension skills: [for key stage three tests]. Oxford: Heinemann, 1997.
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Key Stage Three Shakespeare: Much ado about nothing. Kirkby in Furness: Coordination Group Publications, 2005.
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Burnett, Andrew. Chataway: Making communication count from foundation stage to key stage three. Abingdon, England: Routledge, 2007.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Key stage three"
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Liu, Kailong, Yujie Wang, and Xin Lai. "Key Stages for Battery Full-Lifespan Management." In Data Science-Based Full-Lifespan Management of Lithium-Ion Battery, 27–47. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-01340-9_2.
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AbstractAs a classical electrochemical component, Li-ion battery ages with time, losing its capacity to store charge and deliver it efficiently. In order to ensure battery safety and high performance, it is vital to design and imply a series of management targets during its full-lifespan. This chapter will first offer the concept and give a systematic framework for the full-lifespan of Li-ion battery, which can be mainly divided into three stages including the battery manufacturing, battery operation, and battery reutilization. Then key management tasks of each stage would be introduced in detail.
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Frankos, Laura. "Of Thee I Sing." In Fifty Key Stage Musicals, 40–45. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003009726-7.
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Gambari, Ibrahim A. "Peace Management and Conflict Resolution: A Practitioner’s Perspective." In The State of Peacebuilding in Africa, 277–92. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-46636-7_16.
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Abstract This chapter provides a firsthand perspective on the broad issues of prevention and mediation of conflicts, with special reference to two conflict environments outside Africa—Cyprus, Myanmar—and one at its heart (Darfur), where the author was deployed as a senior envoy of the United Nations Secretary General. The aim is to provide a global view on best practice for peacebuilding in Africa against the backdrop of three fundamental shifts in conflict in the post-Cold War era: from inter- to intra-state war; from primarily state-based to non-state actors; and from largely mono- to multi-causal understandings of why wars begin and end. It provides key recommendations on improving mediation, strengthening relations between the UN and NGOs, and dealing with spoilers
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"Reading and responding: Years three and four." In English Homework for Key Stage 2, 41–58. Routledge, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203867754-3.
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"Speaking, listening and interacting: Years three and four." In English Homework for Key Stage 2, 1–22. Routledge, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203867754-1.
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"Drama, performance and presentation: Years three and four." In English Homework for Key Stage 2, 23–40. Routledge, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203867754-2.
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"Spelling, punctuation and structure: Years three and four." In English Homework for Key Stage 2, 59–79. Routledge, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203867754-4.
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"Part three Developing whole school policies and schemes of work." In Coordinating English at Key Stage 2, 73. Routledge, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203209530-17.
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Capó, Julio. "Miami as Stage." In Welcome to Fairyland. University of North Carolina Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5149/northcarolina/9781469635200.003.0005.
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This chapter builds on chapter three in taking seriously boosters’ framing of Miami as a fairyland. It pays particular attention to the ways the city was “staged,” both literally and figuratively, in the American imagination. It notes how theatricality, spectacle, and publicity collided in the urban center to help sell the fairyland to outsiders. It explores some of the powerful metaphors used to market the city’s transgressive identity. Race and empire in particular played key roles in marketing the city for tourist consumption, as Miami boosters measured their city’s success against developments in the Caribbean, especially in Cuba. The chapter also explores the ways the literal stage—in both theater and film—located Miami as a site for white leisure and recreation. Underpinned as it was by racist and colonial practices and ideologies, the idea of Miami as a site for pushing the boundaries of gender and sexuality entered the U.S. imagination.
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Wang, Yiman. "Acoustic Ladies." In Vamping the Stage. University of Hawai'i Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.21313/hawaii/9780824869861.003.0002.
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July 1935, a British newspaper reported, “China’s own most famous actress, Miss Butterfly Wu, of Shanghai, shook hands yesterday with Hollywood’s most famous Chinese star, Miss Anna May Wong,” at a reception in honor of both Wu and Mei Lan-fang, “China’s leading stage actor.” All three performers became involved in filmmaking as it was emerging into a new dominant entertainment industry. Interestingly, if Mei needed to foreground the visual choreography at the expense of his vocal performance in 1920 when some of his repertoire pieces were filmed as silent shorts, Wong and Wu played a key role in ushering in the talkie era with their singing voice. This chapter explores how the two instances of female singing voice were triangulated and intermediated with Mei Lanfang’s female impersonation derived from Peking Opera on the one hand, and on the other hand, remediated through new filming and recording technologies at the cusp the sound era. It thus unpacks the cultural phenomenon of the emerging female singing voice, using it as a lens to examine the reconfiguration of gendered performance and performative gender identity in relation to colonial modernity and cosmopolitanism, national identity and international aspirations.
Conference papers on the topic "Key stage three"
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Liu, Xiaochu, Jingfeng He, Zhengmao Ye, Dacheng Cong, and Junwei Han. "Modeling and Key Technologies Study of Three-Stage Electro-Hydraulic Servo Valve." In 2009 International Asia Conference on Informatics in Control, Automation and Robotics (CAR). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/car.2009.78.
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Olakanmi, Eunice Eyitayo. "Self-and Co-Regulation in a Computer Supported Collaborative Learning Environment among Key Stage Three Students." In 2010 IEEE 10th International Conference on Advanced Learning Technologies (ICALT). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icalt.2010.200.
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Li, Yubai, Dongzhi Guo, and Shi-Chune Yao. "Thermal-Aware Micro-Channel Cooling of Multicore Processors: A Three-Stage Design Approach." In ASME 2013 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2013-63265.
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This study goes beyond the common micro-channel cooling system composed of uniform parallel straight micro-channels. Due to the highly non-uniform power dissipation on a multicore processor, the micro-channel cooling system is designed to fit with the heat load on the multicore processor. By applying effective strategies and arranging key design parameters, stronger cooling is provided under the high power core area, and less cooling is provided under the low power cache area to save the precious pumping power. The well designed thermal-aware micro-channel cooling systems could effectively lower the hot spot temperature and temperature gradients on chip. A three-stage approach to design thermal-aware micro-channel cooling system for multicore processor is developed. Two micro-channel cooling systems are specifically designed for a 2 core 150W Intel Tulsa processor and an 8 core 260W (doubled power) Intel Nehalem processor, to illustrate the design approach. The working fluid is single phase HFE7100. For the Tulsa processor, a strategy named strip-and-zone approach is used. The final design leads to 30kPa pressure drop and 0.094W pumping power while maintains the hot spot temperature to be 75 °C. For the Nehalem processor, a split flow micro-channel system and a widen-inlet strategy are applied. The final design takes 15kPa pressure drop and 0.0845W pumping power while maintains the hot spot temperature to be 82.8 °C. The design approach in this study provides the basic guide for the industrial applications of effective multicore processor cooling using micro-channels.
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McBean, Ivan, Said Havakechian, and Pierre-Alain Masserey. "The Development of Long Last Stage Steam Turbine Blades." In ASME Turbo Expo 2010: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2010-22747.
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In steam turbine power plants, the appropriate design of the last stage blades is critical in determining the plant efficiency and reliability and competitiveness. A high level of technical expertise combined with many years of operating experience are required for the improvement of last stage designs that increases performance, without sacrificing mechanical reliability. This paper focuses on three main development areas that are key for the development of last stage blades, namely the aerodynamic design, the mechanical design and the validation process. The three different lengths of last stage blade (LSB) were developed of 41in, 45in and 49in (and a number of scaled variants). The aerodynamic design process involves 3D CFD and flow path analysis, considerations such as last stage blade flutter and water droplet erosion, and last stage guide design. The mechanical design includes finite element stress and dynamic analysis, appropriate selection of the blade material, the coupling of the LSB with the rotor and the design of the LSB snubber and shroud. Experimental measurements form a key part of the product validation, from both the mechanical reliability and performance points of view.
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Rahbar, K., S. Mahmoud, R. K. Al-Dadah, and N. Moazami. "One-Dimensional and Three-Dimensional Numerical Optimization and Comparison of Single-Stage Supersonic and Dual-Stage Transonic Radial Inflow Turbines for the ORC." In ASME 2016 Power Conference collocated with the ASME 2016 10th International Conference on Energy Sustainability and the ASME 2016 14th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/power2016-59508.
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Organic Rankine cycle is one of the most efficient technologies that can utilize low-to-medium grade heat sources and generate useful power. Radial inflow turbine (RIT) is the key component of the ORC and its efficiency has significant effect on the overall cycle performance. Obtaining high cycle thermal efficiency requires large pressure difference (expansion ratio) across the cycle. With the low speed of sound of organic fluids and the high expansion ratios, RIT becomes chocked with supersonic flow regime and shock waves that deteriorate the turbine efficiency and hence reduce the cycle performance. Therefore, developing highly efficient RIT that can both preserve the high expansion ratio requirements of the ORC and maintain the turbine isentropic efficiency is crucial. This paper proposed the complete 1-D and 3-D numerical optimization of two different configurations as single-stage supersonic and dual-stage transonic RITs. Initially, the integrated 1-D modelling of the ORC with RIT coupled with genetic algorithm optimization technique was conducted to maximize the cycle thermal efficiency. The results showed that the dual-stage RIT exhibited considerably higher turbine efficiency in both stages and hence higher cycle efficiency compared to the single-stage supersonic one. Both configurations were further optimized using the 3-D CFD optimization procedure to maximize the turbine efficiency. The CFD results showed that the optimization of each stage individually was successful as the turbine performance increased significantly. The results revealed that the optimizations were more effective for the dual-stage transonic turbine compared to the single-stage supersonic due to the presence of shock waves. Comparison of the optimized single-stage supersonic RIT and complete dual-stage transonic RIT showed that about 15.7%, 10.63kW and 16.08% higher turbine isentropic efficiency, turbine power and cycle thermal efficiency were achieved respectively with the latter configuration.
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Haraguchi, Motonari, Tateki Nakamura, Hideo Yoda, Takeshi Kudo, and Shigeki Senoo. "Nuclear Steam Turbine With 60 inch Last Stage Blade." In 2013 21st International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone21-16600.
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Nuclear steam turbines can be classified into two categories, one for BWR reactors where some countermeasures are taken for radiated steam and water, the other is for PWR reactors and PHWR (CANDU) reactors where steam and water are not radiated. As for Low Pressure section, there is some difference in LP rotor end structure, and LP last three stage blade components can be applied to all reactor types. The trend in nuclear power equipment is in a direction of larger capacity. In response to this trend, longer last stage blade is required if same number of casing is kept to make nuclear turbines reasonably compact. This paper addresses some of the key developments and new technologies to be employed focusing on longer Last Stage Blade (LSB) development with Continuous Cover Blades (CCB), and other enhancements in product reliability and performance.
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Ishida, Masaru. "Three Phases of Applications of Thermodynamics to Process System Synthesis." In ASME 1999 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece1999-0869.
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Abstract Process system synthesis is a very creative work. It has been thought that only experts can create a new system. In this paper, we discuss the procedure for process system synthesis systematically and show that applications of thermodynamics are possible in three different phases of process system synthesis. (1) Concept generation (2) Creation of functional structures (3) Effective utilization of energy The roles of each phase in the course of process system synthesis are discussed and the key tools for each stage are presented.
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Guo, Jin, Jun Hu, and Chao Yin. "A Three-Dimensional Analysis Code of Compressor Performance and Stability for Steady Inlet Distortion." In ASME Turbo Expo 2015: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2015-42151.
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Inlet distortion has a great impact on the compressor performance and stability. Developing a model which quickly and accurately can assess the performance and stability of a compressor with inlet distortion is one of the key technologies needed to improve the fidelity of a compressor design system. Thus, a new 3-D analysis code called CSAC based on the theory of body force model has been developed and used to predict compressor performance and stability with inlet distortion. The code solves the compressible 3-D Euler equations modified to include source terms which represent the effect of the blade rows. The source terms were calculated by the velocity circulation vectors and entropy production which were extracted from the 3-D Navier-Stokes (N-S) steady-state solutions at the stations between each blade row at many operating points with clean inflow. An analysis was carried out to determine the local flow conditions for parameterizing the magnitude of the velocity circulation vectors and entropy production of individual blade rows. A NASA stage 35 flow field with clean inlet was simulated with the code. The calculation results agreed well with the N-S solutions and experimental data. The stage 35 performance and stability with inlet steady circumferential total pressure distortion was also simulated using the code. The predicted performance maps of the stage 35 with inlet distortion showed a reduced range and pressure rise. In addition, the results reflected the strong three-dimensional characteristics of the flow field with inlet distortion, and the interaction of the blade rows with the upstream flow field. This paper describes the modeling method of CSAC and presents a detailed examination of the computed results.
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Van Wie, Michael, Katie Grantham, Robert Stone, Francesca Barrientos, and Irem Tumer. "An Analysis of Risk and Function Information in Early Stage Design." In ASME 2005 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2005-85405.
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The concept of function offers a high potential for thinking and reasoning about designs as well as providing a common thread for relating together other design information. This paper focuses specifically on risk data by examining how this information is addressed for a design team conducting early stage design for space missions. Sample risk information is decomposed into a set of key attributes which are then used to scrutinize the risk information using three approaches from the pragmatics sub-field of linguistics: i) Gricean, ii) Relevance Theory, and iii) Functional Analysis. Based on the deficiencies identified in this analysis, the concepts of functional templates and a risk worksheet are used to suggest corrective actions for improving treatment of risk data by explicitly accounting for five risk attributes developed in this work.
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Torre, D., G. García-Valdecasas, A. Puente, D. Hernández, and S. Luque. "Design and Testing of a Multi-Stage IP Turbine for Future Geared Turbofans." In ASME Turbo Expo 2021: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2021-59219.
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Abstract The multi-stage intermediate pressure turbine (IPT) is a key enabler of the thermodynamic cycle in geared turbofan engine architectures, where fan and turbine rotational speeds become decoupled by employing a power gearbox between them. This allows for the separate aerodynamic optimization of both components, an increase in engine bypass ratios, higher propulsive efficiency, and lower specific fuel consumption. Due to significant aerodynamic differences with conventional low pressure turbines (LPTs), multi-stage IPT designs present new aerodynamic, mechanical and acoustic trade-offs. This work describes the aerodynamic design and experimental validation of a fully featured three-stage IP turbine, including a final row of outlet guide vanes. Experiments have been conducted in a highly engine-representative transonic rotating wind tunnel at the CTA (Centro de Tecnologías Aeronáuticas, Spain), in which Mach and Reynolds numbers were matched to engine conditions. The design intent is shown to be fully validated. Efficiency levels are discussed in the context of a previous state-of-the-art LPT, tested in the same facility. It is argued that the efficiency gains of IPTs are due to higher pitch-to-chord ratios, which lead to a reduction in overall profile losses, and higher velocity ratios and lower turning angles, which reduce airfoil secondary flows and three-dimensional losses.
Reports on the topic "Key stage three"
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Sanz, E., P. Alonso, B. Haidar, H. Ghaemi, and L. García. Key performance indicators (KPIs). Scipedia, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.23967/prodphd.2021.9.002.
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The project “Social network tools and procedures for developing entrepreneurial skills in PhD programmes” (prodPhD) aims to implement innovative social network-based methodologies for teaching and learning entrepreneurship in PhD programmes. The multidisciplinary teaching and learning methodologies to be developed will enable entrepreneurship education to be introduced into any PhD programme, providing students with the knowledge, skills, and motivation to engage in entrepreneurial activities. However, the use of the output of the project will depend on the nature and profile of the research or scientific field. In this context, key performance indicators (KPIs) form the base on which the quality and scope of the methodologies developed in the project will be quantified and benchmarked. The project’s final product will be an online tool that higher education students can use to learn entrepreneurship from a social network perspective. Performance measurement is one of the first steps of any project and involves the choice and use of indicators to measure the effectiveness and success of the project’s methods and results. All the KPIs have been selected according to criteria of relevance, measurability, reliability, and adequacy, and they cover the process, dissemination methods, and overall quality of the project. In this document, each KPI is defined together with the units and instruments for measuring it. In the case of qualitative KPIs, five-level Likert scales are defined to improve indicator measurability and reliability. The KPIs for prodPhD are divided into three main dimensions, depending on the stage of the project they evaluate. The three main dimensions are performance and development (which are highly related to the project’s process), dissemination and impact (which are more closely correlated with the project’s output), and overall project quality. Different sources (i.e., European projects and papers) have been drawn upon to define a set of 51 KPIs classified into six categories, according to the project phase they aim to evaluate. An Excel tool has been developed that collects all the KPIs analysed in the production of this document. This tool is shared in the Scipedia repository.
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Bedoya-Maya, Felipe, Agustina Calatayud, and Vileydy Gonzalez-Mejia. Estimating the effect of urban road congestion on air quality in Latin America. Inter-American Development Bank, October 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0004512.
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Road congestion and air pollution are key challenges for quality of life in urban settings. This research leverages highly disaggregated crowdsourced data from Latin America to study the effect of road congestion on levels of carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, and particulate matter in four of the most congested cities in developing countries: Bogota, Buenos Aires, Mexico City, and Santiago. Based on a panel data econometric approach with over 4.4 billion records from Waze and hourly data from 54 air monitoring stations for 2019, our two-stage least square model shows a cumulative increase of 0.6% in response to a 1% of road congestion on the three air pollutants. Moreover, we find a nonlinear relationship between road congestion and air quality and estimate the threshold above which the effect decays. This study provides evidence that supports public policies designed to make urban mobility more sustainable by implementing measures to reduce road congestion in developing contexts.
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Yatsymirska, Mariya. KEY IMPRESSIONS OF 2020 IN JOURNALISTIC TEXTS. Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vjo.2021.50.11107.
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The article explores the key vocabulary of 2020 in the network space of Ukraine. Texts of journalistic, official-business style, analytical publications of well-known journalists on current topics are analyzed. Extralinguistic factors of new word formation, their adaptation to the sphere of special and socio-political vocabulary of the Ukrainian language are determined. Examples show modern impressions in the media, their stylistic use and impact on public opinion in a pandemic. New meanings of foreign expressions, media terminology, peculiarities of translation of neologisms from English into Ukrainian have been clarified. According to the materials of the online media, a «dictionary of the coronavirus era» is provided. The journalistic text functions in the media on the basis of logical judgments, credible arguments, impressive language. Its purpose is to show the socio-political problem, to sharpen its significance for society and to propose solutions through convincing considerations. Most researchers emphasize the influential role of journalistic style, which through the media shapes public opinion on issues of politics, economics, education, health care, war, the future of the country. To cover such a wide range of topics, socio-political vocabulary is used first of all – neutral and emotionally-evaluative, rhetorical questions and imperatives, special terminology, foreign words. There is an ongoing discussion in online publications about the use of the new foreign token «lockdown» instead of the word «quarantine», which has long been learned in the Ukrainian language. Research on this topic has shown that at the initial stage of the pandemic, the word «lockdown» prevailed in the colloquial language of politicians, media personalities and part of society did not quite understand its meaning. Lockdown, in its current interpretation, is a restrictive measure to protect people from a dangerous virus that has spread to many countries; isolation of the population («stay in place») in case of risk of spreading Covid-19. In English, US citizens are told what a lockdown is: «A lockdown is a restriction policy for people or communities to stay where they are, usually due to specific risks to themselves or to others if they can move and interact freely. The term «stay-at-home» or «shelter-in-place» is often used for lockdowns that affect an area, rather than specific locations». Content analysis of online texts leads to the conclusion that in 2020 a special vocabulary was actively functioning, with the appropriate definitions, which the media described as a «dictionary of coronavirus vocabulary». Media broadcasting is the deepest and pulsating source of creative texts with new meanings, phrases, expressiveness. The influential power of the word finds its unconditional embodiment in the media. Journalists, bloggers, experts, politicians, analyzing current events, produce concepts of a new reality. The world is changing and the language of the media is responding to these changes. It manifests itself most vividly and emotionally in the network sphere, in various genres and styles.
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MacDonald, Stuart, Connor Rees, and Joost S. Remove, Impede, Disrupt, Redirect: Understanding & Combating Pro-Islamic State Use of File-Sharing Platforms. RESOLVE Network, April 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37805/ogrr2022.1.
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In the face of content takedown and account suspensions on the biggest social media platforms, terrorist groups and their supporters have resorted to the use of file-sharing sites to ensure stable access to their propaganda. Amongst those to have employed this strategy are supporters of the so-called Islamic State (IS). Yet, while studies have repeatedly highlighted the key role that file-sharing platforms play in the dissemination of IS propaganda, there has been little investigation of the strategic considerations that may influence the choice of file-sharing sites from the many available. To address this, this report uses data gathered from 13 public IS Telegram channels over a 45-day period in July - September 2021 to assess three possible strategic considerations: the features offered by different file-sharing sites (such as data storage capacity, maximum upload size, and password file protection); a platform’s enforcement activity; and the ability to generate large banks of URLs quickly and conveniently. Based on these findings, the report proposes a four-pronged strategy to combat the exploitation of file-sharing sites by supporters of IS and other terrorist groups: remove terrorist content at the point of upload; impede the automated generation and dissemination of banks of URLs; disrupt the posting of these URLs on other platforms; and redirect users to other content and support services.
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Lavadenz, Magaly. Masking the Focus on English Learners: The Consequences of California’s Accountability System Dashboard Results on Year 4 Local Control and Accountability Plans (LCAPs). Center for Equity for English Learners, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.15365/ceel.lcap2018.1.
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California’s Local Control Funding Formula (LCFF), signed into law in 2013, centers equity as a key to increased and improved services for three targeted student subgroups, including English Learners (ELs), low-income students, and foster youth. As a component of LCFF, districts develop Local Control and Accountability Plans (LCAPs) to specify their goals and strategies for using LCFF funds for equity and continuous improvement purposes. The California Model Five by Five Grid Placement Report (Spring 2017 Dashboard) included the Five by Five Placement Grid, a key function of which is to identify the needs of diverse ELs. The Dashboard and the LCAPs are two policy mechanisms with great promise in combining school finance and accountability reform to promote equity and coherent state-wide. In this report, Lavadenz and colleagues review the EL policy context and examine the connection between the two contemporary policy mechanisms in California, namely the Year 4 LCAP and the California Department of Education’s Accountability Model (Spring 2017 Dashboard). The authors use a sample of 26 California school districts with high numbers/percentages of ELs and conclude that California’s current accountability system diminishes the urgency to respond to educational needs of the English Learner subgroup and undermines the equity intent of the LCFF. Few promising practices and assets-based approaches were identified in the LCAPs, and there is minimal mention of metrics focused on EL outcomes. The authors provide recommendations at state, county office of education and district levels.
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Bloch, Guy, Gene E. Robinson, and Mark Band. Functional genomics of reproduction and division of labor in a key non-Apis pollinator. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2011.7699867.bard.
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i. List the original objectives, as defined in the approved proposal, and any revisions made at the beginning or during the course of project. Our objectives were: 1) develop state-of-the-art functional genomics tools for B. terrestris. These resources will be then used to: 2) characterize genes and molecular pathways that are associated with reproduction, 3) characterize genes and molecular pathways associated with specialization in foraging or nursing activities, and 4) determine the extent to which juvenile hormone (JH) is involved in the regulation of reproduction and division of labor. 5) Use RNA interference to down regulate genes associated with reproductive physiology, division of labor, or both. A decrease in the cost of RNA sequencing enabled us to further use the BARD support to extend our research to three additional related projects: A) The regulation of body size which is crucial for understanding both reproduction (castedetermination) and (size based) division of labor in bumblebees. B) Analyze RNA editing in our RNA sequencing data which improves the molecular understanding of the systems we study. C) The influence of JH on the fat body in addition to the brain on which we focused in our proposal. The fat body is a key tissue regulating insect reproduction and health. ii. Background to the topic. Bees are by far the most important pollinators in agricultural and natural ecosystems. The recent collapse of honey bee populations, together with declines in wild bee (including bumble bee) populations, puts their vital pollination services under severe threat. A promising strategy for circumventing this risk is the domestication and mass-rearing of non-Apis bees. This approach has been successfully implemented for several bumble bees including Bombusterrestris in Israel, and B. impatiens in the US, which are mass-reared in captivity. In spite of their critical economic and environmental value, little is known about the physiology and molecular biology of bumble bees. In this collaborative project we developed functional genomics tools for the bumble bee B. terrestris and use these tools for a first thorough study on the physiology and molecular biology of reproduction, dominance, and division of labor in a bumble bee. iii. Major conclusions, solutions. The valuable molecular data of this project together with the functional tools and molecular information generated in this BARD funded project significantly advanced the understanding of bumblebee biology which is essential for maintaining their vital pollination services for US and Israel agriculture.
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Cadiero Kaplan, Karen, Magaly Lavadenz, and Elvira Armas. Essential Elements of Effective Practices for English Learners. Center for Equity for English Learners, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.15365/ceel.policy.9.
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One of the most powerful variables for English Learner success is the quality of their teachers. This policy brief published by Californians Together (1) provides a synthesis of effective practices for instructing ELs; (2) presents four research-based essential elements critical for EL program implementation, teacher reflection, and monitoring of teacher effectiveness; and (3) concludes with program and policy recommendations. Three key areas for policy action are prioritized: (1) District and state level policies must require that local and state leadership support the implementation of these essential elements; (2) Alignment of fiscal and human resources must be targeted to ensure that teachers are provided with professional development, materials and curricular program supports required to implement these key elements leading to English learner success; and (3) Teacher preparation and credential requirements need to incorporate the four critical elements of effective practice for success with English Learners.
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Rankin, Nicole, Deborah McGregor, Candice Donnelly, Bethany Van Dort, Richard De Abreu Lourenco, Anne Cust, and Emily Stone. Lung cancer screening using low-dose computed tomography for high risk populations: Investigating effectiveness and screening program implementation considerations: An Evidence Check rapid review brokered by the Sax Institute (www.saxinstitute.org.au) for the Cancer Institute NSW. The Sax Institute, October 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.57022/clzt5093.
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Background Lung cancer is the number one cause of cancer death worldwide.(1) It is the fifth most commonly diagnosed cancer in Australia (12,741 cases diagnosed in 2018) and the leading cause of cancer death.(2) The number of years of potential life lost to lung cancer in Australia is estimated to be 58,450, similar to that of colorectal and breast cancer combined.(3) While tobacco control strategies are most effective for disease prevention in the general population, early detection via low dose computed tomography (LDCT) screening in high-risk populations is a viable option for detecting asymptomatic disease in current (13%) and former (24%) Australian smokers.(4) The purpose of this Evidence Check review is to identify and analyse existing and emerging evidence for LDCT lung cancer screening in high-risk individuals to guide future program and policy planning. Evidence Check questions This review aimed to address the following questions: 1. What is the evidence for the effectiveness of lung cancer screening for higher-risk individuals? 2. What is the evidence of potential harms from lung cancer screening for higher-risk individuals? 3. What are the main components of recent major lung cancer screening programs or trials? 4. What is the cost-effectiveness of lung cancer screening programs (include studies of cost–utility)? Summary of methods The authors searched the peer-reviewed literature across three databases (MEDLINE, PsycINFO and Embase) for existing systematic reviews and original studies published between 1 January 2009 and 8 August 2019. Fifteen systematic reviews (of which 8 were contemporary) and 64 original publications met the inclusion criteria set across the four questions. Key findings Question 1: What is the evidence for the effectiveness of lung cancer screening for higher-risk individuals? There is sufficient evidence from systematic reviews and meta-analyses of combined (pooled) data from screening trials (of high-risk individuals) to indicate that LDCT examination is clinically effective in reducing lung cancer mortality. In 2011, the landmark National Lung Cancer Screening Trial (NLST, a large-scale randomised controlled trial [RCT] conducted in the US) reported a 20% (95% CI 6.8% – 26.7%; P=0.004) relative reduction in mortality among long-term heavy smokers over three rounds of annual screening. High-risk eligibility criteria was defined as people aged 55–74 years with a smoking history of ≥30 pack-years (years in which a smoker has consumed 20-plus cigarettes each day) and, for former smokers, ≥30 pack-years and have quit within the past 15 years.(5) All-cause mortality was reduced by 6.7% (95% CI, 1.2% – 13.6%; P=0.02). Initial data from the second landmark RCT, the NEderlands-Leuvens Longkanker Screenings ONderzoek (known as the NELSON trial), have found an even greater reduction of 26% (95% CI, 9% – 41%) in lung cancer mortality, with full trial results yet to be published.(6, 7) Pooled analyses, including several smaller-scale European LDCT screening trials insufficiently powered in their own right, collectively demonstrate a statistically significant reduction in lung cancer mortality (RR 0.82, 95% CI 0.73–0.91).(8) Despite the reduction in all-cause mortality found in the NLST, pooled analyses of seven trials found no statistically significant difference in all-cause mortality (RR 0.95, 95% CI 0.90–1.00).(8) However, cancer-specific mortality is currently the most relevant outcome in cancer screening trials. These seven trials demonstrated a significantly greater proportion of early stage cancers in LDCT groups compared with controls (RR 2.08, 95% CI 1.43–3.03). Thus, when considering results across mortality outcomes and early stage cancers diagnosed, LDCT screening is considered to be clinically effective. Question 2: What is the evidence of potential harms from lung cancer screening for higher-risk individuals? The harms of LDCT lung cancer screening include false positive tests and the consequences of unnecessary invasive follow-up procedures for conditions that are eventually diagnosed as benign. While LDCT screening leads to an increased frequency of invasive procedures, it does not result in greater mortality soon after an invasive procedure (in trial settings when compared with the control arm).(8) Overdiagnosis, exposure to radiation, psychological distress and an impact on quality of life are other known harms. Systematic review evidence indicates the benefits of LDCT screening are likely to outweigh the harms. The potential harms are likely to be reduced as refinements are made to LDCT screening protocols through: i) the application of risk predication models (e.g. the PLCOm2012), which enable a more accurate selection of the high-risk population through the use of specific criteria (beyond age and smoking history); ii) the use of nodule management algorithms (e.g. Lung-RADS, PanCan), which assist in the diagnostic evaluation of screen-detected nodules and cancers (e.g. more precise volumetric assessment of nodules); and, iii) more judicious selection of patients for invasive procedures. Recent evidence suggests a positive LDCT result may transiently increase psychological distress but does not have long-term adverse effects on psychological distress or health-related quality of life (HRQoL). With regards to smoking cessation, there is no evidence to suggest screening participation invokes a false sense of assurance in smokers, nor a reduction in motivation to quit. The NELSON and Danish trials found no difference in smoking cessation rates between LDCT screening and control groups. Higher net cessation rates, compared with general population, suggest those who participate in screening trials may already be motivated to quit. Question 3: What are the main components of recent major lung cancer screening programs or trials? There are no systematic reviews that capture the main components of recent major lung cancer screening trials and programs. We extracted evidence from original studies and clinical guidance documents and organised this into key groups to form a concise set of components for potential implementation of a national lung cancer screening program in Australia: 1. Identifying the high-risk population: recruitment, eligibility, selection and referral 2. Educating the public, people at high risk and healthcare providers; this includes creating awareness of lung cancer, the benefits and harms of LDCT screening, and shared decision-making 3. Components necessary for health services to deliver a screening program: a. Planning phase: e.g. human resources to coordinate the program, electronic data systems that integrate medical records information and link to an established national registry b. Implementation phase: e.g. human and technological resources required to conduct LDCT examinations, interpretation of reports and communication of results to participants c. Monitoring and evaluation phase: e.g. monitoring outcomes across patients, radiological reporting, compliance with established standards and a quality assurance program 4. Data reporting and research, e.g. audit and feedback to multidisciplinary teams, reporting outcomes to enhance international research into LDCT screening 5. Incorporation of smoking cessation interventions, e.g. specific programs designed for LDCT screening or referral to existing community or hospital-based services that deliver cessation interventions. Most original studies are single-institution evaluations that contain descriptive data about the processes required to establish and implement a high-risk population-based screening program. Across all studies there is a consistent message as to the challenges and complexities of establishing LDCT screening programs to attract people at high risk who will receive the greatest benefits from participation. With regards to smoking cessation, evidence from one systematic review indicates the optimal strategy for incorporating smoking cessation interventions into a LDCT screening program is unclear. There is widespread agreement that LDCT screening attendance presents a ‘teachable moment’ for cessation advice, especially among those people who receive a positive scan result. Smoking cessation is an area of significant research investment; for instance, eight US-based clinical trials are now underway that aim to address how best to design and deliver cessation programs within large-scale LDCT screening programs.(9) Question 4: What is the cost-effectiveness of lung cancer screening programs (include studies of cost–utility)? Assessing the value or cost-effectiveness of LDCT screening involves a complex interplay of factors including data on effectiveness and costs, and institutional context. A key input is data about the effectiveness of potential and current screening programs with respect to case detection, and the likely outcomes of treating those cases sooner (in the presence of LDCT screening) as opposed to later (in the absence of LDCT screening). Evidence about the cost-effectiveness of LDCT screening programs has been summarised in two systematic reviews. We identified a further 13 studies—five modelling studies, one discrete choice experiment and seven articles—that used a variety of methods to assess cost-effectiveness. Three modelling studies indicated LDCT screening was cost-effective in the settings of the US and Europe. Two studies—one from Australia and one from New Zealand—reported LDCT screening would not be cost-effective using NLST-like protocols. We anticipate that, following the full publication of the NELSON trial, cost-effectiveness studies will likely be updated with new data that reduce uncertainty about factors that influence modelling outcomes, including the findings of indeterminate nodules. Gaps in the evidence There is a large and accessible body of evidence as to the effectiveness (Q1) and harms (Q2) of LDCT screening for lung cancer. Nevertheless, there are significant gaps in the evidence about the program components that are required to implement an effective LDCT screening program (Q3). Questions about LDCT screening acceptability and feasibility were not explicitly included in the scope. However, as the evidence is based primarily on US programs and UK pilot studies, the relevance to the local setting requires careful consideration. The Queensland Lung Cancer Screening Study provides feasibility data about clinical aspects of LDCT screening but little about program design. The International Lung Screening Trial is still in the recruitment phase and findings are not yet available for inclusion in this Evidence Check. The Australian Population Based Screening Framework was developed to “inform decision-makers on the key issues to be considered when assessing potential screening programs in Australia”.(10) As the Framework is specific to population-based, rather than high-risk, screening programs, there is a lack of clarity about transferability of criteria. However, the Framework criteria do stipulate that a screening program must be acceptable to “important subgroups such as target participants who are from culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people, people from disadvantaged groups and people with a disability”.(10) An extensive search of the literature highlighted that there is very little information about the acceptability of LDCT screening to these population groups in Australia. Yet they are part of the high-risk population.(10) There are also considerable gaps in the evidence about the cost-effectiveness of LDCT screening in different settings, including Australia. The evidence base in this area is rapidly evolving and is likely to include new data from the NELSON trial and incorporate data about the costs of targeted- and immuno-therapies as these treatments become more widely available in Australia.
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Fang, Mei Lan, Lupin Battersby, Marianne Cranwell, Heather Cassie, Moya Fox, Philippa Sterlini, Jenna Breckenridge, Alex Gardner, and Thomas Curtin. IKT for Research Stage 8: Dissemination. University of Dundee, December 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.20933/100001255.
Full textAbstract:
In 2020, the University of Dundee initiated the development of an Open Research strategy. As part of this initiative, in February 2021 the University’s Library and Learning Centre together with Open Research Champions from the Schools of Health Sciences and Dentistry, formed an Open Research Working group. To build on the University’s open research policy and infrastructure, the purpose of the group was to facilitate ongoing research and development of best practice approaches for our interdisciplinary environment to make outputs, data and other products of our research publicly available, building on University of Dundee’s Open Research policy and infrastructure. Through informal consultations with academic staff and students, the Open Research Working Group found that: → access and reach of research findings can be amplified through effective knowledge mobilisation, and stakeholder and patient and public involvement; and → there was a need for guidance and resources on how-to implement knowledge mobilisation activities with and for stakeholders throughout the entire research process – from proposal development to project completion. In June 2021, the Open Research working group, in partnership with Simon Fraser University’s Knowledge Mobilization Hub began the development of an Integrated Knowledge Translation (IKT) Toolkit, with funding support from the University of Dundee’s Doctoral Academy and Organisational Professional Development. IKT is an approach to knowledge translation that emphasises working in an engaged and collaborative partnership with stakeholders throughout the research cycle in order to have positive impact. The aim was to co-produce evidence-informed, best practice learning materials on how-to: → maintain ongoing relationships between researchers, community stakeholders and decision-makers in research development and implementation; and → facilitate an integrated, participatory way of knowledge production whereby researchers, practitioners and other knowledge users can collaborate to co-generate new and accessible knowledge that can be utilised in contexts ranging from supporting community development to policy guidance for practice. The IKT Toolkit was informed by a focused evidence review and synthesis of published peer-reviewed and grey literature and consists of 8 knowledge briefs and a slide deck co-produced for use in any discipline or sector. Each knowledge brief provides practical guidance and resources to support an IKT process in each of eight key research stages: (i) Partnership Building; (ii) Generating Priorities and Ideas; (iii) Proposal development; (iv) Study Design; (v) Data Collection; (vi) Data Analysis; (vii) Reporting and (viii) Dissemination. The current knowledge brief provides IKT guidance on Research Stage 8: Dissemination.
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Fang, Mei Lan, Lupin Battersby, Marianne Cranwell, Heather Cassie, Moya Fox, Philippa Sterlini, Jenna Breckenridge, Alex Gardner, and Thomas Curtin. IKT for Research Stage 7: Reporting. University of Dundee, December 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.20933/100001254.
Full textAbstract:
In 2020, the University of Dundee initiated the development of an Open Research strategy. As part of this initiative, in February 2021 the University’s Library and Learning Centre together with Open Research Champions from the Schools of Health Sciences and Dentistry, formed an Open Research Working group. To build on the University’s open research policy and infrastructure, the purpose of the group was to facilitate ongoing research and development of best practice approaches for our interdisciplinary environment to make outputs, data and other products of our research publicly available, building on University of Dundee’s Open Research policy and infrastructure. Through informal consultations with academic staff and students, the Open Research Working Group found that: → access and reach of research findings can be amplified through effective knowledge mobilisation, and stakeholder and patient and public involvement; and → there was a need for guidance and resources on how-to implement knowledge mobilisation activities with and for stakeholders throughout the entire research process – from proposal development to project completion. In June 2021, the Open Research working group, in partnership with Simon Fraser University’s Knowledge Mobilization Hub began the development of an Integrated Knowledge Translation (IKT) Toolkit, with funding support from the University of Dundee’s Doctoral Academy and Organisational Professional Development. IKT is an approach to knowledge translation that emphasises working in an engaged and collaborative partnership with stakeholders throughout the research cycle in order to have positive impact. The aim was to co-produce evidence-informed, best practice learning materials on how-to: → maintain ongoing relationships between researchers, community stakeholders and decision-makers in research development and implementation; and → facilitate an integrated, participatory way of knowledge production whereby researchers, practitioners and other knowledge users can collaborate to co-generate new and accessible knowledge that can be utilised in contexts ranging from supporting community development to policy guidance for practice. The IKT Toolkit was informed by a focused evidence review and synthesis of published peer-reviewed and grey literature and consists of 8 knowledge briefs and a slide deck co-produced for use in any discipline or sector. Each knowledge brief provides practical guidance and resources to support an IKT process in each of eight key research stages: (i) Partnership Building; (ii) Generating Priorities and Ideas; (iii) Proposal development; (iv) Study Design; (v) Data Collection; (vi) Data Analysis; (vii) Reporting and (viii) Dissemination. The current knowledge brief provides IKT guidance on Research Stage 7: Reporting.