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1
Omoera, Osakue Stevenson, and Daniel Eromosele Omoruan. "The River Goddess and Melody-Makers in Nigeria: A Cultural View on Majek Fashek and Victor Uwaifo." Modern Africa: Politics, History and Society 7, no. 2 (December 15, 2019): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.26806/modafr.v7i2.239.
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The art of music-making is a mental/creative activity. However, spiritual influence cannot be ruled out in the process of constructing music. The mental activity is akin to the deployment of the intellect, while the spiritual influence could be as a result of a direct encounter or impartation by a spirit being through dream/vision as typified by two Nigerian performing artists, Majek Fashek and Victor Uwaifo, who are the foci of this study. Exploring the concept of esotericism with emphasis on music performance, this article contends that although music-making is a mental/creative activity, spiritual or extra-mental influences supervene, with particular reference to the lives and performance careers of the two selected African musicians/media celebrities from Benin City in Nigeria. In doing this, it uses historical-analytic, key informant interview (KII), and direct observation methods to critically reflect on how the supernatural influences their music-making activities.
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Lai, Wen-Hsiang, and Hsien-Hui Yang. "Analyzing Influential Factors of Lean Management." International Business Research 10, no. 3 (February 8, 2017): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ibr.v10n3p20.
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The study explores the key factors influencing Lean management and evaluates their individual weights to identify what leads to a successful hospital management. It adopts the 4P Excellence Model in Lean management to assess and measure the healthcare organizations from the five perspectives: leadership, people, partnership, processes, and products. To explore the potential factors, the study employs the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) method and multi-expert judgment to prioritize the significance of each factor. The study has led to a number of useful insights. Processes are crucial when hospitals advocate lean management. Among the 18 sub-factors in the five criteria, the most significant factors include patient-centered care, clearly defined work content, rewarding teamwork effort, continual learning and upgrading, and increasing the clinic quality. To satisfactorily carry out Lean management, a hospital should continuously strive for improvement, pursue perfection, engender organizational culture, strengthen teamwork, and create mutual trust among team members. Moreover, patient-centered care beliefs should be actively implemented. To provide seamless care, patients and their families should be the main foci. The results could be used by hospital managers to improve their skills and knowledge when implementing Lean management. In addition, the framework developed herein could potentially lend itself to many practical applications.
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Vartanian, Oshin, Erin L. Beatty, Ingrid Smith, Kristen Blackler, Quan Lam, Sarah Forbes, and Wim De Neys. "The Reflective Mind: Examining Individual Differences in Susceptibility to Base Rate Neglect with fMRI." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 30, no. 7 (July 2018): 1011–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_01264.
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Performance on heuristics and bias tasks has been shown to be susceptible to bias. In turn, susceptibility to bias varies as a function of individual differences in cognitive abilities (e.g., intelligence) and thinking styles (e.g., propensity for reflection). Using a classic task (i.e., lawyer–engineer problem), we conducted two experiments to examine the differential contributions of cognitive abilities versus thinking styles to performance. The results of Experiment 1 demonstrated that the Cognitive Reflection Test (CRT)—a well-established measure of reflective thinking—predicted performance on conflict problems (where base rates and intuition point in opposite directions), whereas STM predicted performance on nonconflict problems. Experiment 2 conducted in the fMRI scanner replicated this behavioral dissociation and enabled us to probe their neural correlates. As predicted, conflict problems were associated with greater activation in the ACC—a key region for conflict detection—even in cases when participants responded stereotypically. In participants with higher CRT scores, conflict problems were associated with greater activation in the posterior cingulate cortex (PCC), and activation in PCC covaried in relation to CRT scores during conflict problems. Also, CRT scores predicted activation in PCC in conflict problems (over and above nonconflict problems). Our results suggest that individual differences in reflective thinking as measured by CRT are related to brain activation in PCC—a region involved in regulating attention between external and internal foci. We discuss the implications of our findings in terms of PCC's possible involvement in switching from intuitive to analytic mode of thought.
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Jang, Eunice Eunhee, Maryam Wagner, and Gina Park. "Mixed Methods Research in Language Testing and Assessment." Annual Review of Applied Linguistics 34 (March 2014): 123–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0267190514000063.
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As an alternative paradigm, mixed methods research (MMR), in general, endorses pluralism to understand the complex nature of a social world from multiple perspectives and multiple methodological lenses, each of which offers partial, yet valuable, insights. This methodological mixing is not limited to mixing of methods, but extends to the entire inquiry process. Researchers in language testing and assessment (LTA) are increasingly turning to MMR in order to understand the complexities of language acquisition and interaction among various language users, and also to expand opportunities to investigate validity claims beyond the three traditional facets of construct, content, and criterion validity. We use current conceptualizations of validity as a guiding framework to review 32 empirical MMR studies that have been published in LTA since 2007. Our systematic review encompassed multiple areas of foci, including the rationale for the use of MMR, evidence of collaboration, and synergetic effects. The analyses revealed several key trends including: (a) triangulation and complementarity were the prevalent uses of MMR in LTA; (b) the majority of the studies took place predominantly in higher education learning contexts with adult immigrant or university populations; (c) aspects of writing assessment were most frequently the focus of the studies (compared to other language modalities); (d) many of the studies explicitly addressed facets of validity, and others had significant implications for expanding notions of validity in LTA; (e) the majority of the studies avoided mixing at the data analysis stage by distinguishing data types and reporting results separately; and (f) integration occurred primarily at the discussion stage. We contend that LTA should embrace MMR through creative designs and integrative analytic strategies to seek new insights into the complexities and contexts of language testing and assessment.
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Prokopyszyn, A. P. K., and A. W. Hood. "Investigating the damping rate of phase-mixed Alfvén waves." Astronomy & Astrophysics 632 (December 2019): A93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201936658.
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Context. This paper investigates the effectiveness of phase mixing as a coronal heating mechanism. A key quantity is the wave damping rate, γ, defined as the ratio of the heating rate to the wave energy. Aims. We investigate whether or not laminar phase-mixed Alfvén waves can have a large enough value of γ to heat the corona. We also investigate the degree to which the γ of standing Alfvén waves which have reached steady-state can be approximated with a relatively simple equation. Further foci of this study are the cause of the reduction of γ in response to leakage of waves out of a loop, the quantity of this reduction, and how increasing the number of excited harmonics affects γ. Methods. We calculated an upper bound for γ and compared this with the γ required to heat the corona. Analytic results were verified numerically. Results. We find that at observed frequencies γ is too small to heat the corona by approximately three orders of magnitude. Therefore, we believe that laminar phase mixing is not a viable stand-alone heating mechanism for coronal loops. To arrive at this conclusion, several assumptions were made. The assumptions are discussed in Sect. 2. A key assumption is that we model the waves as strictly laminar. We show that γ is largest at resonance. Equation (37) provides a good estimate for the damping rate (within approximately 10% accuracy) for resonant field lines. However, away from resonance, the equation provides a poor estimate, predicting γ to be orders of magnitude too large. We find that leakage acts to reduce γ but plays a negligible role if γ is of the order required to heat the corona. If the wave energy follows a power spectrum with slope −5/3 then γ grows logarithmically with the number of excited harmonics. If the number of excited harmonics is increased by much more than 100, then the heating is mainly caused by gradients that are parallel to the field rather than perpendicular to it. Therefore, in this case, the system is not heated mainly by phase mixing.
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Guillotin, Delphine, Adam R. Taylor, Manuela Platé, Paul F. Mercer, Lindsay M. Edwards, Ross Haggart, Gino Miele, et al. "Transcriptome analysis of IPF fibroblastic foci identifies key pathways involved in fibrogenesis." Thorax 76, no. 1 (November 19, 2020): 73–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/thoraxjnl-2020-214902.
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IntroductionFibroblastic foci represent the cardinal pathogenic lesion in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and comprise activated fibroblasts and myofibroblasts, the key effector cells responsible for dysregulated extracellular matrix deposition in multiple fibrotic conditions. The aim of this study was to define the major transcriptional programmes involved in fibrogenesis in IPF by profiling unmanipulated myofibroblasts within fibrotic foci in situ by laser capture microdissection.MethodsThe challenges associated with deriving gene calls from low amounts of RNA and the absence of a meaningful comparator cell type were overcome by adopting novel data mining strategies and by using weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), as well as an eigengene-based approach to identify transcriptional signatures, which correlate with fibrillar collagen gene expression.ResultsWGCNA identified prominent clusters of genes associated with cell cycle, inflammation/differentiation, translation and cytoskeleton/cell adhesion. Collagen eigengene analysis revealed that transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1), RhoA kinase and the TSC2/RHEB axis formed major signalling clusters associated with collagen gene expression. Functional studies using CRISPR-Cas9 gene-edited cells demonstrated a key role for the TSC2/RHEB axis in regulating TGF-β1-induced mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 activation and collagen I deposition in mesenchymal cells reflecting IPF and other disease settings, including cancer-associated fibroblasts.ConclusionThese data provide strong support for the human tissue-based and bioinformatics approaches adopted to identify critical transcriptional nodes associated with the key pathogenic cell responsible for fibrogenesis in situ and further identify the TSC2/RHEB axis as a potential novel target for interfering with excessive matrix deposition in IPF and other fibrotic conditions.
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RANDOLPH, S. E., R. M. GREEN, M. F. PEACEY, and D. J. ROGERS. "Seasonal synchrony: the key to tick-borne encephalitis foci identified by satellite data." Parasitology 121, no. 1 (July 2000): 15–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182099006083.
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A previous analysis of tick infestation patterns on rodents in Slovakia suggested that the key to the focal distribution of western-type tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEv) in Europe is the geographically variable degree of synchrony in the seasonal activity of larval and nymphal Ixodes ricinus ticks. This prediction is here tested by examining records, from 7 different countries, of the seasonal variation in the abundance of larvae and nymphs feeding on rodents or questing on the vegetation. Larvae consistently started feeding and questing earlier in the year at sites within TBEv foci than elsewhere, so that they appeared in the spring as soon as nymphs were active. Such larval–nymphal synchrony is associated with a rapid fall in ground-level temperatures from August to October as revealed by the satellite-derived index of Land Surface Temperature (LST). Likewise, of 1992 pixels sampled on a grid across Europe, the 418 that fell within TBEv foci were characterized by a higher than average rate of autumnal cooling relative to the peak midsummer LST. It is proposed that such a seasonal temperature profile may cause unfed larvae to pass the winter in quiescence, from which they emerge synchronously with nymphs in the spring.
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Dyatlov, I. A., L. I. Marinin, N. A. Shishkova, A. N. Mokrievich, and E. A. Tyurin. "The danger of anthrax soil foci during excavation." Bacteriology 5, no. 4 (2020): 12–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.20953/2500-1027-2020-4-12-19.
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The anthrax pathogen trapped in the soil forms spores that retain their viability and virulence for a long time. Analysis of the available data shows that the anthrax microbe can retain virulence in soil up to 1300 years. All this time, the soil remains dangerous for people during earthworks on the territory of anthrax soil foci. Soil foci of anthrax include anthrax burial grounds (burials), places of death, sites, spontaneous burials of animals killed by anthrax and other environmental objects containing the causative agent of anthrax. Under favorable conditions, the pathogen, being in the soil, can go through a full multiple biological cycle of its development. As a result, we observed a change in properties the pathogen isolated from soil samples taken from a 70 years age cattle burial ground. Key words: anthrax, burial ground, risk of infection, PCR
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Jeaco, Stephen. "Key words when text forms the unit of study." International Journal of Corpus Linguistics 25, no. 2 (August 28, 2020): 125–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ijcl.18053.jea.
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Abstract Throughout the social sciences, there has been growing pressure to present effect sizes when publishing empirical data (see American Psychological Association, 2001; Parsons & Nelson, 2004). While it seems indisputable that for the majority of quantitative research foci, effect size is an essential element of statistical analysis, this paper argues that specifically for key word analysis in corpus linguistics, the means of reporting effect size must depend on the level of the unit of study of each investigation (single text, collection or large corpus). After exploring some main criticisms of the log-likelihood measure, this paper unpacks the parameters of different measures for keyness and how they might address underlying concerns. It maintains that for the exploration of foregrounded/deviant/salient/marked features in text, the use of log-likelihood scores to rank the results is still fit for purpose and coupled with Bayes Factors is a solid approach for key word analyses.
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Abdel, Z. Zh, Т. V. Меkа-Меchеnkо, А. А. Аbdirasilova, R. S. Musagaliyeva, Zh S. Dalibayev, E. Zh Begimbayeva, I. B. Utepova, et al. "Biological properties and molecular and genetic characteristics of plague microbe strains circulating in sandy natural plague foci of the Republic of Kazakhstan." Bacteriology 5, no. 3 (2020): 25–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.20953/2500-1027-2020-3-25-33.
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Since 2010, an active course of epizootics with the release of the plague pathogen, isolated from hosts and vectors has been established in 8 autonomous foci of the plague from 14 autonomous foci of the Central Asian plague focus in Kazakhstan. It was necessary to take into account the parameters of variability of the main component of the parasitic system – the plague microbe in the process of certification of landscape and epizootological zoning of natural foci of plague in Kazakhstan. The aim of the work was to study the phenotypic and genetic properties of strains of the plague microbe isolated in natural sandy plague foci of Kazakhstan. Materials and methods. The work used 1196 strains of Yersinia pestis isolated over the past 10 years (2010–2019) from natural sandy plague foci, strain passports, literature sources, data on certification of plague foci in Kazakhstan. The study of the strains was carried out by bacteriological, serological and molecular genetic methods. Results. Certification and typification of the territories of sandy plague foci were carried out, taking into account the phenotypic and molecular-genetic properties of Y. pestis strains isolated from 12 autonomous foci of the Central Asian plague focus of Kazakhstan in 2010–2019. According to the results of the study, 84 atypical strains were identified. As a result of the analysis, 18 genotypes were identified among the studied strains, of which 13 (72.2%) were unique and did not repeat in the sample. The remaining 5 genotypes formed 5 clusters, combining 20 strains (60.6%) and all strains were phylogenetically assigned to representatives of the Mediaevalis biovar. Key words: plague microbe, plague foci, phenotypic features, molecular genetic features
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Tsvirkun, O. V., N. T. Tikhonova, N. V. Turaeva, and A. G. Gerasimova. "Foci of nosocomial measles in Russia in the years 2011–2019." Voprosy praktičeskoj pediatrii 16, no. 1 (2021): 7–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.20953/1817-7646-2021-1-7-13.
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Objective. To identify the main causes of nosocomial measles outbreaks and factors that caused stable secondary transmission of this infection in healthcare institutions. Materials and methods. We analyzed 336 nosocomial measles outbreaks according to the data from 1521 ‘Reports of epidemiological investigation of measles cases…’ registered between 2011 and 2019. We performed operational and retrospective epidemiological analysis, as well as evaluation and descriptive analysis. Results. Our retrospective analysis demonstrated that nosocomial measles outbreaks were registered every year with the number of reported cases ranging from 7 (in 2011) to 105 (in 2018). Most frequently, outbreaks were registered in infectious disease hospitals (32%) and departments for infectious diseases in multidisciplinary hospitals among patients with acute respiratory viral infections (28.1%). Less frequently, measles was diagnosed among patients treated in other hospital departments, dispensaries (18.6%), admission departments (11.8%), and polyclinics (9.5%). The factors that contributed to the emergence of nosocomial measles outbreaks included no alertness for measles among doctors and poor epidemic prevention and control in hospitals. Conclusion. To reduce the incidence of nosocomial measles, it is necessary to ensure that patients admitted to hospitals (nonemergency hospitalization) and caregivers have information about measles vaccinations. It is also important to increase the vaccination coverage among healthcare professionals and promote compliance with sanitary and epidemiological control measures in hospitals. Key words: vaccination, nosocomial outbreaks, measles
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Tsybulsky, Dina, and Yulia Muchnik-Rozanov. "Worldviews of science teachers in educational-technological context as a key factor in digitalization of teaching practices." F1000Research 10 (May 21, 2021): 71. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.28074.2.
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Background: This research deals with science teachers' worldviews in the educational-technological context. Obtaining a deeper insight into teachers' discourse regarding school digitalization and understanding teachers' worldviews in the educational-technological context may be viewed as crucially important since the latter tends to play a central role in the process of digitalization of teaching practices. Methods: This study addresses the following questions: (1) Was there a difference between the teachers regarding their foci of attention expressed via personal pronouns? (2) Was there a difference between the teachers in terms of the quality and degree of their emotional immersion in the discussed topic expressed through the use of emotion words? (3) What are the semantic fields of the word clusters that include the lexemes technology and digital, and do they implicitly convey differences in teachers' understanding of school digitalization? The data were extracted by means of in-depth interviews with 38 Israeli science teachers. The linguistic analysis was employed to examine teachers' language behavior. Results: The results point out the differences in teachers' worldviews, manifested through language behavior. In particular, the differences between the three groups of teachers (outside observers, circumspect participants, and conscientious participants) were found regarding their foci of attention, the level of emotional immersion, and their implicitly conveyed understanding of the digitalization of teaching practices. Conclusions: The teachers' worldviews are the key element for understanding what it means to be or not to be a teacher in a digital society. In addition, our study demonstrates that linguistic analysis in educational research is a promising methodological approach that can render an in-depth and comprehensive picture of the explored phenomenon.
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Tsybulsky, Dina, and Yulia Muchnik-Rozanov. "Worldviews of science teachers in educational-technological context as a key factor in digitalization of teaching practices." F1000Research 10 (June 16, 2021): 71. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.28074.3.
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Background: This research deals with science teachers' worldviews in the educational-technological context. Obtaining a deeper insight into teachers' discourse regarding school digitalization and understanding teachers' worldviews in the educational-technological context may be viewed as crucially important since the latter tends to play a central role in the process of digitalization of teaching practices. Methods: This study addresses the following questions: (1) Was there a difference between the teachers regarding their foci of attention expressed via personal pronouns? (2) Was there a difference between the teachers in terms of the quality and degree of their emotional immersion in the discussed topic expressed through the use of emotion words? (3) What are the semantic fields of the word clusters that include the lexemes technology and digital, and do they implicitly convey differences in teachers' understanding of school digitalization? The data were extracted by means of in-depth interviews with 38 Israeli science teachers. The linguistic analysis was employed to examine teachers' language behavior. Results: The results point out the differences in teachers' worldviews, manifested through language behavior. In particular, the differences between the three groups of teachers (outside observers, circumspect participants, and conscientious participants) were found regarding their foci of attention, the level of emotional immersion, and their implicitly conveyed understanding of the digitalization of teaching practices. Conclusions: The teachers' worldviews are the key element for understanding what it means to be or not to be a teacher in a digital society. In addition, our study demonstrates that linguistic analysis in educational research is a promising methodological approach that can render an in-depth and comprehensive picture of the explored phenomenon.
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Tsybulsky, Dina, and Yulia Muchnik-Rozanov. "Worldviews of science teachers in educational-technological context as a key factor in digitalization of teaching practices." F1000Research 10 (February 4, 2021): 71. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.28074.1.
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Background: This research deals with science teachers' worldviews in the educational-technological context. Obtaining a deeper insight into teachers' discourse regarding school digitalization and understanding teachers' worldviews in the educational-technological context may be viewed as crucially important since the latter tends to play a central role in the process of digitalization of teaching practices. Methods: This study addresses the following questions: (1) Was there a difference between the teachers regarding their foci of attention expressed via personal pronouns? (2) Was there a difference between the teachers in terms of the quality and degree of their emotional immersion in the discussed topic expressed through the use of emotion words? (3) What are the semantic fields of the word clusters that include the lexemes technology and digital, and do they implicitly convey differences in teachers' understanding of school digitalization? The data were extracted by means of in-depth interviews with 38 Israeli science teachers. The linguistic analysis was employed to examine teachers' language behavior. Results: The results point out the differences in teachers' worldviews, manifested through language behavior. In particular, the differences between the three groups of teachers (outside observers, circumspect participants, and conscientious participants) were found regarding their foci of attention, the level of emotional immersion, and their implicitly conveyed understanding of the digitalization of teaching practices. Conclusions: The teachers' worldviews are the key element for understanding what it means to be or not to be a teacher in a digital society. In addition, our study demonstrates that linguistic analysis in educational research is a promising methodological approach that can render an in-depth and comprehensive picture of the explored phenomenon.
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Aleksandrov, Vadim, Marsel Kadyrov, Andrey Ponomarev, Denis Drugov, and Irina Bulgakova. "Microseismic Multistage Formation Hydraulic Fracturing (MFHF) Monitoring Analysis Results." Key Engineering Materials 785 (October 2018): 107–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.785.107.
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Microseismic monitoring of hydrocarbon fields is one of the promising areas of modern seismology. In recent years, the methodology of microseismic monitoring for seismic emission has been actively developing in the oil and gas industry in order to study the impact of various technogenic processes on the hydrocarbon (HC) fields being developed. The technology does not require powerful sources of sounding signals, but uses constantly existing weak seismic fields of artificial or natural origin. During the development of the field, periodic monitoring of the intensity and spatial position of the zones of microseismic activity allows controling the behavior of HC deposits in order to optimize their development. Distinctive features of this technology are high mobility, fast deployment time, high resolution, and low cost of receiving, transferring and processing of microseismic data. The purpose was to analyze the results and evaluate the effectiveness of MFHF using microseismic monitoring of seismic emission processes. The results were obtained with the help of quantitative microseismic monitoring of seismic foci occurring successively near the well ports at different times during MFHF.
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Donn, RP, and DW Ray. "Macrophage migration inhibitory factor: molecular, cellular and genetic aspects of a key neuroendocrine molecule." Journal of Endocrinology 182, no. 1 (July 1, 2004): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1677/joe.0.1820001.
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The immunological and neuroendocrine properties of macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) are diverse. In this article we review the known cellular, molecular and genetic properties of MIF that place it as a key regulatory cytokine, acting within both the innate and adaptive immune responses.The unexpected and paradoxical induction of MIF secretion by low concentrations of glucocorticoids is explored. The role of MIF as a locally acting modulator of glucocorticoid sensitivity within foci of inflammation is also discussed. MIF has no homology with any other pro-inflammatory cytokine and until recently lacked a recognised transmembrane receptor. MIF has also been shown to be directly taken up into target cells and to interact with intracellular signalling molecules, including the Jun activation domain-binding protein Jab-1.Comprehensive analysis of the MIF gene has identified important functional polymorphisms and a series of genetic studies has revealed both association and linkage of MIF with inflammatory diseases. Altered MIF regulation may therefore be pivotal to acquiring chronic inflammation following an innate immune response.
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Baddeley, Richard H. "FLNG innovation: discover development hotspots with patent landscaping." APPEA Journal 57, no. 2 (2017): 585. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj16046.
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Innovation and corresponding patent activity in the liquefied natural gas (LNG) production field grew strongly over the period 1997–2016, reaching a peak in 2013–14. A patent landscaping analysis enabled a preliminary investigation of innovation foci, by technical subject matter, and those companies driving such innovation. Floating LNG (FLNG) innovation so far forms a small proportion of this activity, yet shipbuilding companies like Daewoo Shipbuilding and Marine Engineering, Samsung Heavy Industries and Hyundai Heavy Industries are relatively dominant innovators, as measured by patent intensity, likely collaborating – for FLNG projects – with operating companies like Shell and ExxonMobil which are also significant, although statistically less dominant, innovators in the LNG production field. Patent landscaping analysis also showed that key foci for innovation appear in the fields of LNG storage tanks, carbon dioxide and boil-off gas management. Further investigations would provide more specific information about innovation occurring in these fields of LNG production.
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Yan, H., and J. Newport. "An analysis of the regulation of DNA synthesis by cdk2, Cip1, and licensing factor." Journal of Cell Biology 129, no. 1 (April 1, 1995): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.129.1.1.
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The activation of DNA replication appears to involve at least four steps. These include origin recognition, origin unwinding, primer synthesis, and a switching step to a continuous elongation mode. Moreover, in higher eukaryotes a number of studies have shown that much of the DNA replication which occurs is restricted to specific sites within the nuclei. It has been proposed that these replication foci are composed of a large number of origin sites which are clustered together into an aggregate. The molecular basis for this aggregation is currently not well understood. Regulation of the activation of DNA replication is a complicated process. The G1-S kinase cdk2 is a positive regulator of replication. The p21 protein is a negative regulator of replication both by inhibiting cdk2 kinase and the replication protein PCNA. Moreover, it has been proposed that origin usage is restricted to a single firing per cell cycle by a "licensing factor." Using a cell-free replication system derived from Xenopus eggs we have investigated at what step in the replication process these regulators participate. We present evidence that the clustered organization of DNA into foci is not a transient arrangement, but rather, it persists following DNA replication. We also find that foci form on both sperm chromatin and bacteriophage lambda DNA incubated in extracts depleted of cdk2 kinase. Therefore, our data support the conclusion that organization of chromatin into foci is an early event in the replication pathway preceding activation of cdk2 kinase. With respect to the role of cdk2 during activation of DNA replication we find that in cdk2-depleted extracts primer synthesis does not occur and RP-A remains tightly associated with foci. This strongly suggests that cdk2 kinase is required for activating the origin unwinding step of the replication process. Consistent with this interpretation we find that addition of rate limiting quantities of the cdk2 inhibitor p21 protein to an extract delays primer synthesis. Interestingly, in the presence of p21 primer synthesis does occur after a delay and then replication arrests. This is consistent with the published demonstration that p21 can inhibit PCNA, a protein required for replication beyond the priming step. Therefore, our results provide additional support to the proposal that the post-priming switching step is a key regulatory step in replication. With respect to the role of licensing factor during DNA replication it has recently been shown that treatment of mitotic extracts with kinase inhibitor DMAP inactivates "licensing factor."(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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Koga, Toshikatsu, Hidenori Aoki, and Ajit J. Thakkar. "Kinetic energy analysis of atomic multiplets. II. smdn configurations." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 74, no. 6 (June 1, 1996): 775–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v96-085.
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A kinetic energy analysis of total energy differences in 822 atomic multiplets arising from smdn (m = 0,1,2; n = 2–8) electronic configurations is performed within the nonrelativistic, restricted Hartree–Fock framework. For the 444 multiplets arising from the dn and s2dn configurations of 27 atoms in groups 2–10, a very good linear correlation between the total energy difference and the kinetic energy difference of the outermost d-electrons is demonstrated. For the 378 multiplets arising from the sdn configuration, on the other hand, a good linear correlation is obtained provided that the multiplets are classified into groups based on spin multiplicity. Key words: kinetic energy, atomic multiplets, smdn configurations, Hartree–Fock approximation.
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Hunger, Doreen, Claudia Doberenz, and R. Gary Sawers. "Identification of key residues in the formate channel FocA that control import and export of formate." Biological Chemistry 395, no. 7-8 (July 1, 2014): 813–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/hsz-2014-0154.
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Abstract The formate-nitrite transporter (FNT) family comprises pentameric channels that transport monovalent anions. The prototype of this family is the formate channel (FocA), which was originally identified as a formate channel in Escherichia coli. Each protomer in the channel has a pore with structural features that include periplasmic and cytoplasmic constriction sites, which are likely important for bi-directional gating of substrate passage. Highly conserved amino acid residues within FocA previously identified in structural studies are predicted to be important in the control of formate translocation. Here we present a first detailed in vivo analysis of these residues using a combined targeted amino acid exchange and formate-responsive lacZ fusion-based reporter approach. Sixteen exchanges were made and each variant was shown to be largely unaffected in its secondary and quaternary structure. The invariant H209 and T91 residues, which form part of the lower constriction site linking the Ω-loop with the pore cavity, proved to be important in governing the directionality of formate passage through the pore. A predicted salt-bridge triad of E208-K156-N213 along with the cytoplasmically-oriented N-terminal helix are also involved in pH-dependent gating of the channel. Together, our data are consistent with passive export and import of formate or formic acid through the channel.
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Anlesinya, Alex, Kwasi Dartey-Baah, and Kwesi Amponsah-Tawiah. "Strategic talent management scholarship: a review of current foci and future directions." Industrial and Commercial Training 51, no. 5 (June 3, 2019): 299–314. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ict-11-2018-0095.
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PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to review strategic talent management (STM) research with the aim of providing major insights into the under-explored themes, issues, theories and methods.Design/methodology/approachThe method included a systematic review of studies from 2007 to 2019 in five reputable academic databases. In total, 51 studies met the inclusion criteria and were analysed.FindingsSTM can be leveraged to achieve several positive employee, organisational and macro-level outcomes. However, the realisation of these positive outcomes can be threatened by several challenges, which need to be addressed through the creation of conditions critical for the success of talent management strategies. Moreover, effective talent management strategy regime does not lie on the shoulders of just one individual but a collective responsibility of multiple stakeholders. The study also highlighted the digitalisation of STM, integration of ethical and responsible management principles into talent management strategies, and strategic management of unconventional of talent pools as key trends. Finally, several major weaknesses in the current STM scholarship from theoretical, content, context and methodological perspectives are discussed.Research limitations/implicationsAlthough the studies included in the analysis may not include all studies published during the study period, it is assumed that they provide a good representation of such studies.Originality/valueSince no systematic study was conducted specifically on STM, this study contributes to the talent management literature by identifying several research issues and gaps while defining future directions of the field. It can, therefore, enrich STM debates, practices and policy making.
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Ghinea, Narcyz, and James M. van Gelder. "A probabilistic and interactive decision-analysis system for unruptured intracranial aneurysms." Neurosurgical Focus 17, no. 5 (November 2004): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/foc.2004.17.5.9.
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Object The goal in this study was to develop an interactive, probabilistic decision-analysis system for clinical use in the decision to treat or observe unruptured intracranial aneurysms. Further goals were to enable users of the system to adapt decision-analysis methods to individual patients and to provide a tool for interactive sensitivity analysis. Methods A computer program was designed to model the outcomes of treatment and observation of unruptured aneurysms. The user supplies probabilistic estimates of key parameters relating to a specific patient and nominates discount rate and quality of life adjustments. The program uses Monte Carlo discrete-event simulation methods to derive probability estimates of the outcomes of treatment and observation. Results are expressed as summary statistics and graphs. Discounted quality-adjusted life years are graphed using survival methods. Hierarchical simulations are used to enable investigators to perform probabilistic sensitivity analysis for one or multiple parameters simultaneously. The results of sensitivity analysis are expressed in graphs and as the expected value of perfect information. The system can be distributed and updated using the Internet. Conclusions Further research is required into the benefits of clinical application of this system. Further research is also required into the optimum level of complexity of the model, into the user interface, and into how clinicians and patients are likely to interpret results. The system is easily adaptable to a range of medical decision analyses.
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Wolak, Jacek. "An Analysis of Tourist Attractiveness of Poviats of the Lesser Poland Voivodeship." Folia Oeconomica Stetinensia 20, no. 1 (June 1, 2020): 506–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/foli-2020-0029.
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AbstractResearch background: Lesser Poland is one of the most visited regions in Poland. Among the reasons why it is so, there are a variety of attractions located in this voivodeship and also the activities taken by local government, for which the development of the tourism industry is one of the key goals.Purpose: Building a ranking of poviats of Lesser Poland in terms of tourist attractiveness.Research methodology: Selected multivariate analysis tools, i.e. three methods of linear ordering and cluster analysis.Results: Using the Ward algorithm, poviats are grouped into four clusters of areas with similar characteristics due to tourist values. In addition, using three linear ordering techniques, poviats of the Lesser Poland voivodeship are ordered according to tourist attractiveness. The results of ordering are rather consistent and indicate that the most attractive poviats are: nowotarski, oświęcimski, tatrzański and the city of Kraków. Interestingly, these areas belong to three different groups obtained as part of a cluster analysis. This means that Lesser Poland is a diversified region in terms of the attractions that draw tourists’ to the area.Novelty: The study of tourist attractiveness using linear ordering techniques is not an original topic. The thesis is of cognitive value and fills a gap in the literature, in which there are no studies based on data from Lesser Poland.
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Cheng, Mingming, Deborah Edwards, Simon Darcy, and Kylie Redfern. "A Tri-Method Approach to a Review of Adventure Tourism Literature: Bibliometric Analysis, Content Analysis, and a Quantitative Systematic Literature Review." Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Research 42, no. 6 (March 30, 2016): 997–1020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1096348016640588.
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This article provides an objective, systematic, and integrated review of the Western academic literature on adventure tourism to discover the theoretical foundations and key themes underlying the field by combining three complementary approaches of bibliometric analysis, content analysis, and a quantitative systematic review. A total of 114 publications on adventure tourism were identified that revealed three broad areas of foci with adventure tourism research: (1) adventure tourism experience, (2) destination planning and development, and (3) adventure tourism operators. Adventure tourism has an intellectual tradition from multiple disciplines, such as the social psychology of sport and recreation. There is an underrepresentation of studies examining non-Western tourists in their own geographic contexts or non-Western tourists in Western geographic contexts. Our findings pave ways for developing a more robust framework and holistic understanding of the adventure tourism field.
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Brzezińska, Justyna. "Singular Value Decomposition Approaches in A Correspondence Analysis with The Use of R." Folia Oeconomica Stetinensia 18, no. 2 (December 1, 2018): 178–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/foli-2018-0026.
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Abstract The aim of a correspondence analysis is the graphical representation of the categories of variables in one frame of reference. This visualization is possible due to the decomposition of the basic matrix with the use of Singular Value Decomposition (SVD). There are three matrices used in the process of decomposition: right singular vectors, left singular vectors, and a singular value diagonal matrix. The aim of this paper is to compare four different approaches and algorithms of SVD methods used in a correspondence analysis. In the literature, four approaches are known to singular value decomposition, defined by: R.A. Fisher (1940), M.J. Greenacre (1984), E.B. Anderson (1991), and J.D. Jobson (1992). Those computational procedures will be presented and compared in this paper. Also, methods of determining the coordinates of the category column and line matrix, as well as the values of inertia will be defined for these approaches. A key problem is to compare the well-known approaches, since in the literature only one approach ‒ proposed by Greenacre ‒ is used for singular value decomposition. The reason of the superiority of this algorithm over the others may be the simplicity and ease of the mathematical calculations. Greenacre’s algorithm is also used in R statistical software, making its availability and popularity growing, however, other algorithms are worth presenting and focusing on.
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Li, Jinfeng, Yuanhang Zhang, Marjan Veber, Paul H. Wine, and Leo Klasinc. "Bibliometric analysis of research on secondary organic aerosols: A Science Citation Index Expanded-based analysis (IUPAC Technical Report)." Pure and Applied Chemistry 85, no. 6 (May 19, 2013): 1241–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac-rep-12-08-09.
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This study was conceived to evaluate the global scientific output of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) research over the past 20 years and to assess the characteristics of the research patterns, tendencies, and methods in the papers. Data were based on the online version of Science Citation Index Expanded from 1992 to 2011. Publications referring to SOAs were assessed by distribution of the number of publications and times cited, source categories, source journals, author keywords, KeyWords Plus, and the most cited publications in these years. By synthetic analysis of author keywords, KeyWords Plus, titles, and abstracts, it was concluded that modeling is currently and will at least over the next decade continue to be the predominant research method to validate state-of-the-art knowledge of SOAs, and that the foci of SOA research will be the key precursors terpenes and isoprene, the mechanisms of oxidation and gas-phase reactions, and emission inventories.
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O'Connell, Brendan T., Paul De Lange, Greg Stoner, and Alan Sangster. "Impact of research assessment exercises on research approaches and foci of accounting disciplines in Australia." Accounting, Auditing & Accountability Journal 33, no. 6 (May 26, 2020): 1277–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/aaaj-12-2019-4293.
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PurposeThe overall aim of this paper was to examine the impact of the Australian research assessment exercise on the research approaches (positivist/non-positivist) favoured by accounting disciplines in Australia. Our key research question examined how the outputs and foci of research in elite accounting disciplines changed over a 16-year period. Our analysis was informed by Bourdieu's notions of academic elitism and symbolic violence.Design/methodology/approachWe analysed all papers published in 20 major accounting journals across a 16-year period by Australian accounting disciplines that were highly rated in the research assessment exercise. We also compared our results from this group against two case study accounting disciplines that were not rated as “world class”.FindingsOur key finding is that the introduction of a research assessment exercise in Australia has resulted in research outputs of elite accounting disciplines over this period being increasingly focused on positivist rather than non-positivist research. Our findings evidence a narrowing of accounting disciplines' research agendas and foci across the period.Research limitations/implicationsOur findings highlight a considerable narrowing of the research agenda and paradigms in accounting disciplines that is not in the public interest. Our findings also have implications for the literature on academic elitism. The narrowing of the research agenda and greater foci on positivist research exhibited in our findings demonstrates the role of dominant elites in controlling the research agenda through a research assessment exercise.Practical implicationsA practical implication is that proper research, regardless of the approach used, must be appropriately recognised and accepted by Accounting Disciplines, not ostracised or discouraged. Research implications are the breadth of accounting research should be celebrated and concentration eschewed. Australian accounting discipline leaders should not fall for the illusion that the only good research is that which is published in a small number of North American positivist journals.Originality/valueOur findings provide insights into Bourdieu's work through demonstrating how dominant players have successfully exploited an external regulatory mechanism, a research assessment exercise, to strengthen their position within a field and exert control over the research agendas of accounting disciplines. Previous work by Bourdieu has not directly examined how actors utilise these outside forces as instruments for shaping their own field.
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Zawada, Marcin, and Marek Szajt. "Application of Statistical and Econometric Tools in The Analysis of Air Pollution Level on The Example of Czestochowa." Folia Oeconomica Stetinensia 18, no. 2 (December 1, 2018): 144–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/foli-2018-0024.
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Abstract One of the key elements of environmental protection is taking care of air quality. This is a difficult task as the quality of air is influenced by numerous factors connected with man’s activity. Usually more developed economies have a stronger influence on the environment, including the level of pollution, and at the same time they have at their disposal a number of tools that make it possible to stop the emission of harmful substances. An important aspect in the struggle with air pollution in a given area is the constant monitoring of its quality. The aim of the article is the statistical and econometric analysis of the basic parameters of air pollution in Czestochowa in 2012–2017. This objective was achieved by calculating the basic descriptive statistics of the distinguished types of pollutants, determining the correlation between them, and building models of fluctuations in time for each of them based on the data observed and corrected (standardized) relative to air temperature. Based on the obtained models – assessing their prognostic properties – the prediction of the level of the selected types of pollutants was made.
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Fteimi, Nora, Dirk Basten, and Franz Lehner. "Advancing Automated Content Analysis in Knowledge Management Research." International Journal of Knowledge Management 15, no. 1 (January 2019): 53–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijkm.2019010104.
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This article reports on the development of a knowledge management (KM) dictionary and its application to automated content analysis to investigate topical foci of KM publications and provide an overview of the current research landscape. While automated content analysis gains importance, a problem prevails concerning the use and analysis of compound concepts (e.g., organizational learning). Using a self-developed dictionary of KM-related compound concepts, a sample of 4,290 publications from ten top-ranked KM journals and one KM conference was analyzed using text-mining software. Based on the dictionary approach, this study investigates core research themes of the KM discipline and compares key research interests throughout the IJKM community and those of other outlets. The investigation provides guidance to identify research opportunities in KM and provides useful implications concerning the application of dictionaries. Practitioners might adapt their organizations' approaches to KM accordingly, with regard to prevailing themes and trends in KM research.
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Cesarini, Elisa, Chiara Mozzetta, Fabrizia Marullo, Francesco Gregoretti, Annagiusi Gargiulo, Marta Columbaro, Alice Cortesi, et al. "Lamin A/C sustains PcG protein architecture, maintaining transcriptional repression at target genes." Journal of Cell Biology 211, no. 3 (November 9, 2015): 533–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.201504035.
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Beyond its role in providing structure to the nuclear envelope, lamin A/C is involved in transcriptional regulation. However, its cross talk with epigenetic factors—and how this cross talk influences physiological processes—is still unexplored. Key epigenetic regulators of development and differentiation are the Polycomb group (PcG) of proteins, organized in the nucleus as microscopically visible foci. Here, we show that lamin A/C is evolutionarily required for correct PcG protein nuclear compartmentalization. Confocal microscopy supported by new algorithms for image analysis reveals that lamin A/C knock-down leads to PcG protein foci disassembly and PcG protein dispersion. This causes detachment from chromatin and defects in PcG protein–mediated higher-order structures, thereby leading to impaired PcG protein repressive functions. Using myogenic differentiation as a model, we found that reduced levels of lamin A/C at the onset of differentiation led to an anticipation of the myogenic program because of an alteration of PcG protein–mediated transcriptional repression. Collectively, our results indicate that lamin A/C can modulate transcription through the regulation of PcG protein epigenetic factors.
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Li, Jinfeng, Yuanhang Zhang, Glenda Herjavić, Paul H. Wine, and Leo Klasinc. "Bibliometric analysis of research on secondary organic aerosols: Update." Pure and Applied Chemistry 86, no. 7 (July 22, 2014): 1169–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pac-2014-0204.
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AbstractThis study was conceived to evaluate the global scientific output of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) research and to assess the characteristics of the research patterns, tendencies, and methods in the papers. Data were based on the online version of Science Citation Index Expanded from 1990 to 2013. Publications referring to SOA were assessed by distribution of the number of publications and times cited, source journals, h-index, and the most cited publications in these years. By synthetic analysis of author keywords, KeyWords Plus, titles, and abstracts, it was concluded that modeling is currently and will at least over the next decade continue to be the predominant research method to validate state-of-the-art knowledge of SOA, and that the foci of SOA research will be the key precursors terpenes, isoprene, and dicarbonyls; the mechanisms of oxidation and aqueous-phase reactions; emission inventories; and chemical composition. Recent years show growing interest for research on health effects.
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Jefmański, Bartłomiej. "Application Of Rating Scale Model In Conversion Of Rating Scales' Points To The Form Of Triangular Fuzzy Numbers." Folia Oeconomica Stetinensia 14, no. 2 (December 1, 2014): 7–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/foli-2015-0010.
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Abstract A new application of fuzzy sets theory in social and economic research is a fuzzy measurement of respondents' opinions. In the subject literature fuzzy rating scales or fuzzy conversion scales are being applied. In this second case, a key stage is a choice of such parameters' values of fuzzy numbers which will best illustrate the perception of linguistic values constituting points of measurement scales. In the construction of fuzzy conversion scales the item response theory models can find an application. The transformation method of verbal categories to the form of triangular fuzzy numbers with the application of rating scale model was proposed in this article. Usefulness of a suggested approach was introduced on the basis of the analysis of selected research results on inhabitants' quality of life in one of the Lower Silesian Voivodship districts. The analysis results showed big ambiguity of particular verbal categories and, in consequence, the validity of fuzzy conversion scales application.
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Ciubotariu, Ilinca I., Christine M. Jones, Tamaki Kobayashi, Thierry Bobanga, Mbanga Muleba, Julia C. Pringle, Jennifer C. Stevenson, Giovanna Carpi, and Douglas E. Norris. "Genetic Diversity of Anopheles coustani (Diptera: Culicidae) in Malaria Transmission Foci in Southern and Central Africa." Journal of Medical Entomology 57, no. 6 (July 2, 2020): 1782–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jme/tjaa132.
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Abstract Despite ongoing malaria control efforts implemented throughout sub-Saharan Africa, malaria remains an enormous public health concern. Current interventions such as indoor residual spraying with insecticides and use of insecticide-treated bed nets are aimed at targeting the key malaria vectors that are primarily endophagic and endophilic. Anopheles coustani s.l., an understudied vector of malaria, is a species previously thought to exhibit mostly zoophilic behavior. Like many of these understudied species, An. coustani has greater anthropophilic tendencies than previously appreciated, is often both endophagic and exophagic, and carries Plasmodium falciparum sporozoites. The aim of this study was to explore genetic variation of An. coustani mosquitoes and the potential of this species to contribute to malaria parasite transmission in high transmission settings in Zambia and the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). Morphologically identified An. coustani specimens that were trapped outdoors in these study sites were analyzed by PCR and sequencing for species identification and bloodmeal sources, and malaria parasite infection was determined by ELISA and qPCR. Fifty An. coustani s.s. specimens were confirmed by analysis of mitochondrial DNA cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) and ribosomal internal transcribed spacer region 2 (ITS2). Maximum likelihood phylogenetic analysis of COI and ITS2 sequences revealed two distinct phylogenetic groups within this relatively small regional collection. Our findings indicate that both An. coustani groups have anthropophilic and exophagic habits and come into frequent contact with P. falciparum, suggesting that this potential alternative malaria vector might elude current vector control measures in northern Zambia and southern DRC.
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Baldin, Véronique, Muriel Militello, Yann Thomas, Christine Doucet, Weronika Fic, Stephanie Boireau, Isabelle Jariel-Encontre, et al. "A Novel Role for PA28γ-Proteasome in Nuclear Speckle Organization and SR Protein Trafficking." Molecular Biology of the Cell 19, no. 4 (April 2008): 1706–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.e07-07-0637.
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In eukaryotic cells, proteasomes play an essential role in intracellular proteolysis and are involved in the control of most biological processes through regulated degradation of key proteins. Analysis of 20S proteasome localization in human cell lines, using ectopic expression of its CFP-tagged α7 subunit, revealed the presence in nuclear foci of a specific and proteolytically active complex made by association of the 20S proteasome with its PA28γ regulator. Identification of these foci as the nuclear speckles (NS), which are dynamic subnuclear structures enriched in splicing factors (including the SR protein family), prompted us to analyze the role(s) of proteasome-PA28γ complexes in the NS. Here, we show that knockdown of these complexes by small interfering RNAs directed against PA28γ strongly impacts the organization of the NS. Further analysis of PA28γ-depleted cells demonstrated an alteration of intranuclear trafficking of SR proteins. Thus, our data identify proteasome-PA28γ complexes as a novel regulator of NS organization and function, acting most likely through selective proteolysis. These results constitute the first demonstration of a role of a specific proteasome complex in a defined subnuclear compartment and suggest that proteolysis plays important functions in the precise control of splicing factors trafficking within the nucleus.
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Gnat, Sebastian. "Analysis of the Impact of the Type of Sampling of Representative Properties on the Results of Mass Appraisal." Folia Oeconomica Stetinensia 20, no. 2 (December 1, 2020): 152–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/foli-2020-0041.
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Abstract Research background: Mass valuation is a process in which many properties are valued simultaneously with a uniform approach. An example of a procedure used for mass real estate valuation is the Szczecin Algorithm of Real Estate Mass Appraisal (SAREMA), which can be developed into a multiple regression model. The algorithm is based on a set of drawn representative properties. This set determines, inter alia, the quality of obtained valuations. Purpose: The objective of the study is to verify the hypothesis whether changing the method of sampling representative properties from the originally used simple random sampling to stratified sampling improves the results of the SAREMA econometric variant. Research methodology: The article presents a study that uses two methods of representative properties sampling – simple random sampling and stratified sampling. Errors of the models of valuation created taking into account both methods of sampling and different number of representative properties are compared. A key aspect of the survey is the choice of a better sampling method. Results: The study has shown that stratified sampling improves valuation results and, more specifically, allows for lower root mean square errors. Stratified sampling yielded better results in the initial phase of the study with more observations, but reducing the percentage of strata participating in the draws, despite the increase in RMSE, guaranteed lower errors than the corresponding results based on simple sampling in all variants of the study. Novelty: The article confirms the possibility of improving the results of mass property valuation by changing the scheme of representative properties sampling. The results allowed for the conclusion that stratified sampling is a better way of creating a set of representative properties.
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Vatananan-Thesenvitz, Ronald, Amaury-Alexandre Schaller, and Randall Shannon. "A Bibliometric Review of the Knowledge Base for Innovation in Sustainable Development." Sustainability 11, no. 20 (October 18, 2019): 5783. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11205783.
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This review explores the rising research field of sustainable development in combination with innovation. The basis to reach sustainable development is innovation, which plays a role on all dimensions, be it economically, socially, or environmentally. In this review, science mapping techniques were employed in order to asses 1690 journal articles extracted from the SCOPUS database concerned with innovation in sustainable development (ISD). The main objective of the review is to reveal the size, growth trajectory, and geographic distribution of the ISD literature. Furthermore, the aim is to assess the key publishing journals, authors, and documents as well as to uncover the intellectual structure and topical foci of the research domain. The review acknowledges a reasonable body of knowledge spanning nearly three decades. A result of this review is that the sustainable development literature emerged from the environmental research field and that the topical foci of the domain is closely aligned with the sustainable development goals (SDGs) set by the United Nations. This review is a first attempt to systematically analyze the literature on innovation in sustainable development (ISD) by applying science mapping techniques such as bibliometric analysis. It shall give guidance for future research and demonstrate the practical implications.
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Buchta, Krystyna, Monika Jakubiak, Małgorzata Skiert, and Adam Wilczewski. "University’s Social Responsibility – Labor Market Perspective." Folia Oeconomica Stetinensia 18, no. 2 (December 1, 2018): 46–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/foli-2018-0018.
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Abstract Changes in the socio-economic environment of universities require its tasks and social roles to be constantly reviewed and redefined. The present paper attempts to assess universities’ responsibility for the outcomes of educational process. The outcomes are measured on the basis of graduates’ preparedness for undertaking professional work. The paper’s aim was to indicate the main discrepancies between employers’ expectations regarding graduates’ occupational training and the level of competences acquired by graduates in the course of their studies. A premise was made that the comparison of the views presented by the main stakeholders will enable the level on which the individual competences match the needs of labor market to be determined, and the strengths and weaknesses of university curricula to be indicated. The analysis encompassed both hard occupational skills, which are subordinated to the content-related educational profile, and key soft competences.
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Kozielski, Robert. "Determinants of Business Success – Theoretical Model and Empirical Verification." Folia Oeconomica Stetinensia 16, no. 1 (December 1, 2016): 274–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/foli-2016-0018.
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Abstract Market knowledge, market orientation, learning competencies, and a business performance were the key issues of the research project conducted in the 2006 study. The main findings identified significant relationships between the independent variables (market knowledge, market orientation, learning competencies) and the dependent variables (business success). A partial correlation analysis indicated that a business success primarily relies on organisational learning competencies. Organisational learning competencies, to a large extent (almost 60%), may be explained by the level of corporate market knowledge and market orientation. The aim of the paper is to evaluate to what extent the relationships between the variables are still valid. The research was based on primary and secondary data sources. The major field of the research was carried out in the form of quantitative studies. The results of the 2014 study are consistent with the previous (2006) results.
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Desmarais, N., G. Dancausse, and S. Fliszár. "A simple quality test for self-consistent-field atomic orbitals." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 71, no. 2 (February 1, 1993): 175–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v93-025.
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A quality test is proposed for SCF atomic orbitals, [Formula: see text] approximated as finite linear combinations of suitable basis functions [Formula: see text] The key is in a function, readily derived from the Hartree–Fock equation [Formula: see text] which is identically zero for true Hartree–Fock spin orbitals and not so for approximate orbitals. In this way, our test measures how closely approximate orbital descriptions approach the true Hartree–Fock limit and thus provides a quality ordering of orbital bases with respect to one another and with respect to that limit, in a scale uniquely defined by the latter. Moreover, this analysis also holds for atomic subspaces of our choice, e.g., the valence region. Examples are offered for representative collections of Slater- and Gaussian-type orbital expansions.
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Khan, Archie A., Harry C. Langston, Fernanda C. Costa, Francisco Olmo, Martin C. Taylor, Conor J. McCann, John M. Kelly, and Michael D. Lewis. "Local association of Trypanosoma cruzi chronic infection foci and enteric neuropathic lesions at the tissue micro-domain scale." PLOS Pathogens 17, no. 8 (August 23, 2021): e1009864. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1009864.
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Digestive Chagas disease (DCD) is an enteric neuropathy caused by Trypanosoma cruzi infection. The mechanism of pathogenesis is poorly understood and the lack of a robust, predictive animal model has held back research. We screened a series of mouse models using gastrointestinal tracer assays and in vivo infection imaging systems to discover a subset exhibiting chronic digestive transit dysfunction and significant retention of faeces in both sated and fasted conditions. The colon was a specific site of both tissue parasite persistence, delayed transit and dramatic loss of myenteric neurons as revealed by whole-mount immunofluorescence analysis. DCD mice therefore recapitulated key clinical manifestations of human disease. We also exploited dual reporter transgenic parasites to home in on locations of rare chronic infection foci in the colon by ex vivo bioluminescence imaging and then used fluorescence imaging in tissue microdomains to reveal co-localisation of infection and enteric nervous system lesions. This indicates that long-term T. cruzi-host interactions in the colon drive DCD pathogenesis, suggesting that the efficacy of anti-parasitic chemotherapy against chronic disease progression warrants further pre-clinical investigation.
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Mease, Jennifer J. "Applied tensional analysis: Engaging practitioners and the constitutive shift." Management Learning 50, no. 4 (June 5, 2019): 409–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1350507619849604.
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This article introduces applied tensional analysis as a methodological framework that integrates constitutive ontologies (that depict organizations as processes in constant states of emerging or becoming) with the applied need for practitioners to understand and navigate the everyday exigencies of their organizational experiences. Applied tensional analysis centers analysis on tensions as the key to understanding organizational becoming in contrast to approaches that assume organizations are stable entities and consequently focus on patterns, themes, or laws. The applied tensional analysis framework offers four analytical foci (context, tensions, enacted responses, and repertoires) organized into two loops (analytical and change) as guides for data collection and analysis. While the analytical loop orients scholars to the current and past configurations of an organization’s emergence, the change loop emphasizes the multitude of available responses to a particular tension and the constitutive implications of those responses for organizational becoming. As a new methodological approach, applied tensional analysis suggests that organizational knowledge requires more than awareness of what an organization is and includes awareness of organizational potential and what an organization might become.
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Mazur-Wierzbicka, Ewa. "Progress in Implementing the Sustainable Development Concept into Socioeconomic Development in Poland Compared to other Member States." Folia Oeconomica Stetinensia 15, no. 1 (June 1, 2015): 139–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/foli-2015-0023.
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Abstract Sustainable development-related issues have been discussed in the public discourse worldwide since the 1960’s. The socioeconomic development theme is one of the key themes in sustainable development singled out by the European Union with a special attention paid to three crucial areas, namely: economic development, competitiveness, innovation and eco-efficiency as well as employment. Therefore, the aim of this article is to assess the implementation level of the sustainable development concept in the area of socioeconomic development in Poland compared to other Member States. In order to achieve the articles aim the following two research tasks were performed: sustainable development in terms of socioeconomic development in the EU strategic documents has been described and the sustainable development concept in the area of socioeconomic concept in Poland compared to other Member States has been analysed. The analysis showed that the gap between Poland and the ‘old’ EU has been narrowed since 2004; however, the progress in implementing the sustainable development concept into socioeconomic development was still slow comparing to both the EU-10 and EU-15. This article is based on the available reference, government documents and the analysis was conducted on the basis of secondary data provided by Eurostat.
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Lalancette, Cindy, George D. Di Giovanni, and Michèle Prévost. "Improved Risk Analysis by Dual Direct Detection of Total and Infectious Cryptosporidium Oocysts on Cell Culture in Combination with Immunofluorescence Assay." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 76, no. 2 (November 20, 2009): 566–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.01496-09.
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ABSTRACT The inactivation of Cryptosporidium oocysts is a main driver in the selection of water treatment disinfection strategies, and microbial risk analysis provides a sound basis for optimizing water treatment processes. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency method 1622/23 provides an estimate of the total oocyst count; however, it cannot be used directly for risk assessment, as it does not determine the fraction of infectious oocysts. Improved assessment of the risk for designated sources or in treated water requires evaluation of the total number of oocysts and an estimate of their infectivity. We developed a dual direct detection method using differential immunofluorescent staining that allows detection of both oocysts and cell culture infection foci for each sample. Using Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts, various pH levels, proteases, and gastroenteric compounds and substrates were assessed to determine their abilities to enhance the number of infection foci. The results showed that the key trigger for oocyst stimulation was acidification. Addition of a low concentration of d-glucose (50 mM) to the infection media increased rates of infectivity, while a higher dose (300 mM) was inhibitory. The total number of oocysts in each sample was determined by counting the oocysts remaining on a cell monolayer and the oocysts recovered from cell monolayer washes during processing using a simple filtration technique. With the dual direct detection on cell culture with immunofluorescence assay method, it is now possible to determine the numbers of total and infectious oocysts for a given sample in a single analysis. Direct percentages of infectivity are then calculated, which allows more accurate assessments of risk.
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Beynon, Malcolm J., Paul Jones, David Pickernell, and Shuangfa Huang. "Growth and innovation of SMEs in local enterprise partnerships regions: A configurational analysis using fsQCA." International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation 21, no. 2 (May 2, 2019): 83–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1465750319846827.
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Local enterprise partnerships (LEPs) were introduced by the UK government in 2010 to promote local economic development. There is, however, a minimal pre-LEP baseline analysis concerning aspirations of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in LEP geographies. Employing Federation of Small Businesses 2010 data gathered before LEP policy activities began. This study examines growth and innovation intention of SMEs in LEP-defined areas. The analysis demonstrates how key internal SME strategic focus areas of staffing levels, training investment, research and development and online presence support their growth and innovation intentions. Results from fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis demonstrate that SMEs’ growth and innovation intentions and strategic areas that drive these intentions differ substantially between LEP-defined regions. This study contributes to knowledge providing baseline data outlining objectives and strategic foci of SMEs in different LEP areas, allowing LEPs to effectively evaluate programmes aligned with the requirements of their SMEs, potentially informing future policymaking.
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Jha, Uday Chand, Rintu Jha, Abhishek Bohra, Lakshmaiah Manjunatha, Parasappa Rajappa Saabale, Swarup K. Parida, Sushil Kumar Chaturvedi, Virevol Thakro, and Narendra Pratap Singh. "Association mapping of genomic loci linked with Fusarium wilt resistance (Foc2) in chickpea." Plant Genetic Resources: Characterization and Utilization 19, no. 3 (April 21, 2021): 195–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1479262121000228.
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AbstractImproving plant resistance against Fusarium wilt (FW) is key to sustaining chickpea production worldwide. Given this, the current study tested a set of 75 FW-responsive chickpea breeding lines including checks in a wilt-sick plot for two consecutive years (2016 and 2017). Genetic diversity analysis using 75 simple sequence repeats (SSRs) revealed a total of 267 alleles with an average of 3.56 alleles per marker. The entire set was divided into two major classes based on clustering method and factorial analysis. Similarly, STRUCTURE analysis placed the 75 genotypes into three distinct sub-groups (K = 3). Marker-trait association (MTA) analysis using the generalized linear model approach revealed nine and eight significant MTAs for FW resistance in the years 2016 and 2017, respectively. Three significant MTAs were obtained for FW resistance following the mixed linear model approach for both years. The SSR markers CESSR433, NCPGR21 and ICCM0284 could be potentially employed for targeted and accelerated improvement of FW resistance in chickpea. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on association mapping of the genomic loci controlling FW (Foc2) resistance in chickpea.
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Porter, Catherine, Paul Atkinson, and Ian N. Gregory. "Space and Time in 100 Million Words: Health and Disease in a Nineteenth-century Newspaper." International Journal of Humanities and Arts Computing 12, no. 2 (October 2018): 196–216. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/ijhac.2018.0222.
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The abundance of information contained in nineteenth-century texts means the traditional ‘close reading’ of Victorian culture has limitations. With the burgeoning availability of newspapers in digital format, there is a pressing need to look at how we might effectively and efficiently use these digital resources to help answer research questions and add to key historical and geographical debates. Focusing on the analysis of a large digital corpus, this paper has two key foci: (I) to apply an innovative digital methodology, that combines corpus linguistics and geospatial technologies, to a very large corpus of newspaper texts and; (II) apply said methodology to a case study assessing the presentation of health and disease in a nineteenth-century newspaper. The paper illustrates that by linking existing techniques with new and innovative approaches it is possible to temporally and spatially analyse and map themes of interest in large digital corpora on a scale not possible through more traditional close reading methods.
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Mironov, Y., P. Mironova, and K. Rumyantsev. "Methodology for calculating the average time of entry into synchronism of stations of the system of quantum key distribution with sequential polling of fiber-optic line sections with decreasing length by the graphic-analytical method." E3S Web of Conferences 224 (2020): 01032. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202022401032.
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A method is proposed for calculating the average time of entry into synchronism of stations of the system of quantum key distribution (QKD) with sequential polling of sections of a fiber-optic communication line (FOCL) with decreasing length. A diagram of states and transitions for a sequential search for a photon pulse is constructed. Analytical expressions are obtained for finding the probability of detecting a photon pulse, the average number of steps for entry into synchronism of stations, the variance of the number of steps and the average time for entry into connection. It is noted that when the FOCL is divided into sections with decreasing length, the level of dark current pulses (DCP) significantly decreases from section to section. The latter allows to reduce the probability of false alarms of the photodetector. The analysis of the results obtained showed that the time of entry into synchronism for the proposed algorithm is 3 times less than the time required for entry into communication of stations in the case of an algorithm-analogue. The results obtained indicate the possibility of increasing the length of the FOCL while ensuring the value of the synchronization error probability at the level of 0.01.
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Haukanes, Haldis. "Katja's canteen." Focaal 2007, no. 50 (December 1, 2007): 19–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/foc.2007.500103.
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This article discusses notions of "public" and "private" in the postsocialist Czech Republic through a comparative examination of food practices in families and in the canteen of an agricultural cooperative in South Bohemia. Different meanings of public and private will be outlined, making up a complex set of referential contexts for the interaction between canteen personnel and customers. Analysis of daily life in the canteen revealed that the personnel tended to personalize customer relations. It is argued that this inclination cannot be explained first and foremost as the influence of market-oriented postsocialist public debates on public-private relations. The canteen is a key provider of services to the community but is not run according to market principles or driven by the logic of profit. Its friendly atmosphere is predicated on the moral practice and personal skills of its employees and is embedded in local cultures of food sharing. By exploring daily practice and interaction in the canteen, the article critically examines implications for the feminist concept of emotional labor that have emerged in studies on capitalist, profit-driven enterprises.
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Jiménez, Alfredo, and Torbjørn Bjorvatn. "The building blocks of political risk research: a bibliometric co-citation analysis." International Journal of Emerging Markets 13, no. 4 (September 17, 2018): 631–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijoem-12-2016-0334.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to summarise the core literature on political risk and to suggest avenues for future research. Design/methodology/approach Applying bibliometric analysis as a starting point, this systematic review identifies the current core body of literature on political risk and uncovers the theoretical building blocks of the research field. Findings A synthesis of the key literature reveals three broad analytical foci: the sources of political risk; the effects of political risk; and actors’ (countries, industries, firms and projects) vulnerabilities, capabilities and responses to political risk. Research limitations/implications The authors propose a unifying conceptual framework for political risk research. Practical implications The paper provides managers with a tool kit to analyse political risk. Moreover, it aids policy-makers in addressing political risk in a comprehensive manner. Originality/value The paper represents the first systematic review of the political risk literature in over 30 years. By offering an integrated theoretical framework, it paves the way for new insights into an increasingly topical field.
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Vyas, Vimal, Yogesh Chandra Sharma, Vinod Purvia, Narayan Lal Heda, Yamini Sharma, Babu Lal Ahuja, and Bal Krishna Sharma. "Compton Profile Study of Aluminium Nitride." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung A 62, no. 12 (December 1, 2007): 703–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zna-2007-1205.
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In this paper we report the ab-initio theoretical Compton profiles of aluminium nitride (AlN) in the framework of the Hartree-Fock, density functional theory and hybridization of Hartree-Fock to density functional theories using the CRYSTAL03 code. To compare our first ever theoretical data, we have also measured the isotropic Compton profile of AlN, using 59.54 keV γ -rays. The Hartree- Fock scheme-based Compton profile agrees better with the experiment than the other theories. The energy bands, density of states and Mulliken’s population analysis, using the CRYSTAL03 code, are also reported. Our band structure calculations show a large band gap, while Mulliken’s population analysis shows the ionic nature of bonding in AlN.