Journal articles on the topic 'Kernel morphometry'
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1
Baranova, Ekaterina N., Tatiana S. Aniskina, Viktoria A. Kryuchkova, Olga A. Shchuklina, Marat R. Khaliluev, and Alexander A. Gulevich. "Evaluation of the Heterogeneity of Wheat Kernels as a Traditional Model Object in Connection with the Asymmetry of Development." Symmetry 14, no. 6 (May 30, 2022): 1124. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym14061124.
Abstract:
Wheat is one of the most important crops in the world, providing food for most of the world’s population. Wheat seeds are a popular model object for many experiments to evaluate various factors that improve germination or protect against various adverse stressful effects. Based on the high significance of increasing the productivity of this cereal crop and the applicability of this object, a detailed statistical evaluation of wheat grain (kernel) morphometry was carried out to assess the asymmetry of parameters of this ideal model. Depending on the location of the kernels in the spikelet of a wheat spike, there was a significant asymmetry between the right and left cheeks of the kernels located closer or further from the center of the spikelet. The expressiveness of asymmetry, and consequently, the kernel deformation was higher in the lower kernels of the spikelet. The degree of symmetry; that is, the similarity of the two halves (cheeks) and the kernel as a whole, was higher in kernels located higher in the spikelet. It seems that the reason for this phenomenon lies in the mechanical nature of kernel deformation. The ultrastructure of A-type and B-type starch grains in the central part of the kernel had significant differences between the upper and lower kernels, which indicated in favor of a high probability of differences by the composition and quality of kernels of the same variety when assessed separately. Uniform development of kernels and smaller differences between them may reveal more valuable genotypes in the future, provided their steady reproduction under adverse conditions of a changing climate.
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Brito, Tauane Santos, Vandeir Francisco Guimarães, Elisiane Inês Dall’Oglio Chaves, Renan Pan, Alexandre Wegner Lerner, VictorMatheus Roske, and Roberto Cecatto Junior. "Morphometry and production of maize inoculated with Azospirillum brasilense." Colloquim Agrariae 17, no. 4 (August 12, 2021): 34–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.5747/ca.2021.v17.n4.a447.
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This study aimed to analyze the influence of inoculation methods with Azospirillum brasilense in morphometric and nutritional parameters of the maize crop. Maize plants, hybrid Formula VT®, were grown under different forms of inoculation: absence of inoculation; seed inoculation; leaf inoculation; seed inoculation associated to leaf inoculation. In the phenological stages V8 and VT the parameters number of leaves, aerial height, root volume, stem diameter, besides the leaves, stem, sheath, root and total dry mass and the leaf content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium were determined. In the R6 stage, in addition to the previous evaluations the following parameters were determined: ear diameter and length, number of kernel rows, number of kernels per row, the reproductive structure and thousand grains dry mass, and total number of grains, besides the grain’s content of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. The SPAD index from the leave’s apex, medial and basal thirds was measured fortnightly. The inoculation methods with A. brasilense had little influence in maize’s morphometric and nutritional parameters, also not influencing in production. Maize plants inoculated with A. brasilense, via seed and via seed associated to leaf spraying, positively stood out for the stem diameter, leaves dry mas, root volume, and for the nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium leaf content.
3
Meng, Xianglian, Qingpeng Wei, Li Meng, Junlong Liu, Yue Wu, and Wenjie Liu. "Feature Fusion and Detection in Alzheimer’s Disease Using a Novel Genetic Multi-Kernel SVM Based on MRI Imaging and Gene Data." Genes 13, no. 5 (May 7, 2022): 837. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes13050837.
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Voxel-based morphometry provides an opportunity to study Alzheimer’s disease (AD) at a subtle level. Therefore, identifying the important brain voxels that can classify AD, early mild cognitive impairment (EMCI) and healthy control (HC) and studying the role of these voxels in AD will be crucial to improve our understanding of the neurobiological mechanism of AD. Combining magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) imaging and gene information, we proposed a novel feature construction method and a novel genetic multi-kernel support vector machine (SVM) method to mine important features for AD detection. Specifically, to amplify the differences among AD, EMCI and HC groups, we used the eigenvalues of the top 24 Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) in a p-value matrix of 24 genes associated with AD for feature construction. Furthermore, a genetic multi-kernel SVM was established with the resulting features. The genetic algorithm was used to detect the optimal weights of 3 kernels and the multi-kernel SVM was used after training to explore the significant features. By analyzing the significance of the features, we identified some brain regions affected by AD, such as the right superior frontal gyrus, right inferior temporal gyrus and right superior temporal gyrus. The findings proved the good performance and generalization of the proposed model. Particularly, significant susceptibility genes associated with AD were identified, such as CSMD1, RBFOX1, PTPRD, CDH13 and WWOX. Some significant pathways were further explored, such as the calcium signaling pathway (corrected p-value = 1.35 × 10−6) and cell adhesion molecules (corrected p-value = 5.44 × 10−4). The findings offer new candidate abnormal brain features and demonstrate the contribution of these features to AD.
4
Hughson, Kynan H. G., Britney E. Schmidt, Kathrine T. Udell Lopez, Hanna G. Sizemore, Paul M. Schenk, Jennifer E. C. Scully, Carol A. Raymond, and Christopher T. Russell. "Comparative morphometric analysis suggests ice-cored pingo-shaped landforms on the dwarf planet Ceres." Geology 50, no. 4 (February 11, 2022): 522–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/g49321.1.
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Abstract The NASA Dawn mission revealed that the floor of Occator crater on the dwarf planet Ceres (in the main asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter) is populated with small quasi-conical hills. Many of these features exhibit morphometric properties that are like those of ice-cored periglacial hills called pingos. Alternatively, some of these Cerean hills have also been hypothesized to be cryovolcanic in origin. If these hills are analogous to pingos, they represent ice-rich environments that are attractive targets for future exploration. We report new constraints on the morphologies of the Occator hills that aid in determining their origin. We also directly test how morphologically similar the hills in Occator are to pingos and volcanic cones on Earth using comparative statistical analyses. Using a novel application of kernel density estimation and Markov chain Monte Carlo methods we show that the morphologies of terrestrial pingos and volcanic cones are quantifiably distinct, and that the Cerean hills share significant morphometric similarities with pingos on Earth. Our findings indicate that a statistical treatment of morphometry alone can be a powerful tool for classifying and comparing planetary surface features, and that the majority of the resolved Cerean hills are morphometrically more similar to pingos than to small terrestrial volcanic cones.
5
Ho, Li Sim, Anusha Nair, Hirzun Mohd Yusof, Harikrishna Kulaveerasingam, and Mohamad Sanusi Jangi. "Morphometry of Lipid Bodies in Embryo, Kernel and Mesocarp of Oil Palm: Its Relationship to Yield." American Journal of Plant Sciences 05, no. 09 (2014): 1163–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ajps.2014.59129.
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Zhang, Yudong, Zhengchao Dong, Shuihua Wang, Genlin Ji, and Preetha Phillips. "P3-185: Prediction of MCI to Alzheimer's conversion based on tensor-based morphometry and kernel support vector machine." Alzheimer's & Dementia 11, no. 7S_Part_15 (July 2015): P702. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jalz.2015.06.1556.
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Richar, Jonathan I., and Robert J. Foy. "A novel morphometry-based method for assessing maturity in male Tanner crab, Chionoecetes bairdi." FACETS 7 (January 1, 2022): 1598–616. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/facets-2021-0061.
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Accurate classification of maturity status and estimation of size at 50% maturity for male crabs are important to the management of North Pacific crab stocks, which form the basis of several economically valuable fisheries. We demonstrate a straightforward maturity classification approach applied to male Tanner crabs ( Chionoecetes bairdi), based on the use of log-transformed chela height distributions calculated via kernel density functions. The linear equation defining the relationship between the minima of these chela height distributions, and the midpoint of the corresponding carapace width bins is then used to estimate the incidence of maturity by size group across the population. We demonstrate the performance of this approach relative to two other currently applied methodologies. Finally, we apply this method to assess annual size at 50% maturity in eastern Bering Sea male Tanner crabs, and spatiotemporal trends in this parameter. We demonstrate the existence of high interannual and spatial variability in this population metric and find evidence of a decline in size at maturity in the western stock.
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Shen, Shan, and Annette Sterr. "Is DARTEL-based voxel-based morphometry affected by width of smoothing kernel and group size? A study using simulated atrophy." Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging 37, no. 6 (November 21, 2012): 1468–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmri.23927.
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Mayavel, A., S. Krishnan, Rekha R. Warrier, P. K. Lingeshwaran, Raj J. Soosai, and V. Sivakumar. "Provenance Variation in Seed Biometry, Germination and Seedling Traits in Azadirachta indica A. Juss (Neem)." International Journal of Bio-resource and Stress Management 14, Jan, 1 (May 18, 2023): 001–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.23910/1.2023.3128.
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The present investigationon evaluation of provenance variations in seed morphometric, germination and seedling growth attributes of Neem was conducted at Division of Genetics and Tree Improvement at Institute of Forest Genetics and Tree Breeding, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India with an aim to study the variation in different provenances of Azadirachta indicafor seed morphometry, germination and seedling traits,to identify superior provenances of Azadirachta indica to produce quality planting stocks, during monsoon of 2021 and 2022. Extensive surveys were conducted in 6 different agro-climatic zones in Tamil Nadu and selected 30 Candidate Plus Trees (CPT’s) based on growth superiority and higher fruit yield. The significant differences were recorded on seed length (cm), seed width (cm), seed perimeter (cm), seed area, and 100 seed kernel weight (g), germination percentage, mean daily germination, germination value, germination time, peak value, time spread of germination and germination index and seedling characters such as shoot length, root length, color diameter, leaf numbers, shoot fresh weight, root fresh weight, shoot dry weight, root dry weight, shoot and root vigorous index among the provenances and seed lots. Southern Zone and Rainfall Zone provenances recorded higher values on seed length and breadth, seed weight and seedling parameters and lower values of seed parameters were observed in the Western Zone and seedling parameters in North Eastern Zone. Seed length, seed area, seed perimeter and germination percentage had a significant strong positive correlation with the shoot vigour index. Southern Zone and Rainfall Zone provenances can be recommended for establishing large-scale plantation in the Tree Outside Forest (ToF).
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Nazarenko, M., and O. Simchenko. "Diversity of hazelnut varieties and changes in plant development during introduction in the semi-arid zone." Biosystems Diversity 31, no. 3 (July 31, 2023): 313–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/012336.
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Global climate change provide the emergence of new opportunities for the introduction of new crops into horticultural production in the areas of insufficient precipitation. In addition to the economic aspect, it is also of interest to the biologists of the development of this plant in a qualitatively new environment.The paper considers the variability of the main traits of plant morphometry, yield for four varieties of hazelnuts in order to identify the most promising forms for cultivating in the northern part of the Steppe of Ukraine characterized by an insufficient precipitation and harsh winters. Recent milder winter conditions and a certain balance in summer droughts have made the required horticultural production possible, thereby increasing the production of hazelnuts and addressing the dietary problems of people in terms of supply of necessary vitamins and micronutrient element from hazelnuts. Promising varieties for the production plantations have been specified, the mechanisms for the yield formation have been studied. Key traits of morphometry have been identified that condition the success of a variety under insufficient humidity. These were such traits as crown volume, leaf surface area, shell thickness, average weight of one nut, weight of dry nuts, yield, kernel yield. It has been established that the yield formation on account of large, well-shaped nuts is best in terms of yield. Some aspects of yield formation and the possibility of combining different varieties, especially when more intensive growing methods are applied, are of additional interest. High variability significantly prevents the modeling of traits, for example, such as yield per tree, from being significant in terms of the formation of high yield. Semi-intensive pruning of hazelnut bushes shows its suitability for use in modern garden plantings. Variety Barselonskiy showed extremely high variability for many key parameters, which may indicate insufficient stability of this variety from a genetic point of view and the presence of a fairly significant number of hidden biotypes, which is additionally negative for cultivation in modern semi-intensive and intensive technologies. Climate change makes it possible to continue to significantly expand the area under hazelnuts due to the previously considered unfavourable southern subzones of the Forest-Steppe and the Steppe zone of Ukraine. Such new and previously unnoticed effects have been noted as fruiting in the first year in production crops, the formation of up to 5–6 inflorescences for each nut-bearing branch in the second or third year. For further investigations, it is planned to analyze the nutritional qualities of the obtained products, in terms of the composition by microelements and the presence of biologically-active substances, to trace the dynamics of the accumulation of heavy metals and the potentially associated risks.
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Sidelnikova, A. A. "MORPHOLOGICAL CHANGES OF PERIPHERAL BLOOD CELLS AT DIFFERENT OPTIONS OF THE TREATMENT OF THE OPISTHORCHIASIS IN THE EXPERIMENT." Morphological newsletter 26, no. 2 (June 30, 2018): 17–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.20340/mv-mn.18(26).02.17-21.
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A morphological study of the formed elements of peripheral blood in experimental animals (rabbits) induced by opisthorchiasis in the treatment Biltricid, Acorsol and Triad Premium. When applying Acorsol and Triad Premium discovered toxic granularity of the cytoplasm of segmented and band at pseudoeosinophils. Segmented shape was characterized by hypersegmented kernel. When applying Biltricid stab pseudoeosinophils in the blood is not detected. The segmented pseudoeosinophils had a pronounced toxic or grit, or completely had no granules in the cytoplasm were single or multiple vacuoles calf Knyazkova is the Case. Young forms are discovered in the application of the Triad Premium. Eosinophils in all cases had partial basophilic granules. In the cytoplasm of basophils in all groups of granules are partially absent, but to a greater extent in the treatment of Acorsol. Form Turk in contrast to the control were isolated. Forms Reader in a smaller number of detected only with the use of Acorsol. The shadows Botkin-Gumprecht-Klein considerable amount detected in the application of Biltricid and in control. In the study of red blood cells poikilocytosis detected in all cases. But when you apply Biltricid still identified anisochromia, basophilic punctuation. Thus, the most pronounced changes of erythrocytes and leucocytes was observed after treatment of opisthorchiasis Biltricid, with other drugs and control. But unlike Biltricid, in the treatment of opisthorchiasis Triad Premium and Acorsol visually, there was an increase in the size of blood platelets. When morphometry diameter pseudoeosinophils and eosinophils in animals with the treatment and the control was normal according to the literature. However, without treatment, the diameter of pseudoeosinophils and eosinophils was greater than in cells of animals with all treatment options. There were no significant differences in the diameter of eosinophils in the treatment with Triad Premium and Biltricide.
12
Fortaner-Uyà, L., C. Monopoli, F. Calesella, F. Colombo, B. Bravi, E. Maggioni, E. Tassi, et al. "Predicting Suicide Attempts among Major Depressive Disorder Patients with Structural Neuroimaging: A Machine Learning Approach." European Psychiatry 66, S1 (March 2023): S1111—S1112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/j.eurpsy.2023.2364.
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IntroductionEvery year at least one million people die by suicide, with major depressive disorder (MDD) being one of the major causes of suicide deaths. Current suicide risk assessments rely on subjective information, are time consuming, low predictive, and poorly reliable. Thus, finding objective biomarkers of suicidality is crucial to move clinical practice towards a precision psychiatry framework, enhancing suicide risk detection and prevention for MDD.ObjectivesThe present study aimed at applying machine learning (ML) algorithms on both grey matter and white-matter voxel-wise data to discriminate MDD suicide attempters (SA) from non-attempters (nSA).Methods91 currently depressed MDD patients (24 SA, 67 nSA) underwent a structural MRI session. T1-weighted images and diffusion tensor imaging scans were respectively pre-processed using Computational Atlas Toolbox 12 (CAT12) and spatial tract-based statistics (TBSS) on FSL, to obtain both voxel-based morphometry (VBM) and fractional anisotropy (FA) measures. Three classification models were built, entering whole-brain VBM and FA maps alone into a Support Vector Machine (SVM) and combining both modalities into a Multiple Kernel Learning (MKL) algorithm. All models were trained through a 5-fold nested cross-validation with subsampling to calculate reliable estimates of balanced accuracy, specificity, sensitivity, and area under the receiver operator curve (AUC).ResultsModels’ performances are summarized in Table 1.Table 1.Models’ performances.Input featuresAlgorithmSpecificitySensitivityBalanced accuracyAUCVBMSVM55.00%50.00%52.50%0.55FASVM72.00%54.00%63.00%0.62VBM and FAMKL68.00%54.00%61.00%0.58Abbreviations: AUC, area under the receiver operator curve; FA, fractional anisotropy; VBM, voxel-based morphometry.ConclusionsOverall, although overcoming the random classification accuracy (i.e., 50%), performances of all models classifying SA and nSA MDD patients were moderate, possibly due to the imbalanced numerosity of classes, with SVM on FA reaching the highest accuracy. Thus, future studies may enlarge the sample and add different features (e.g., functional neuroimaging data) to develop an objective and reliable predictive model to assess and hence prevent suicide risk among MDD patients.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
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Raffaelli, L., F. Colombo, F. Calesella, L. Fortaner-Uya, I. Bollettini, C. Lorenzi, E. Maggioni, et al. "Predicting unipolar and bipolar depression using inflammatory markers, neuroimaging and neuropsychological data: a machine learning study." European Psychiatry 66, S1 (March 2023): S621. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/j.eurpsy.2023.1292.
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IntroductionAbout 60% of bipolar disorder (BD) cases are initially misdiagnosed as major depressive disorder (MDD), preventing BD patients from receiving appropriate treatment. An urgency exists to identify reliable biomarkers for improving differential diagnosis (DD). Machine learning methods may help translate current knowledge on biomarkers of mood disorders into clinical practice by providing individual-level classification. No study so far has combined biological data with clinical data to provide a multifactorial predictive model for DD.ObjectivesDefine a predictive algorithm for BD and MDD by integrating structural neuroimaging and inflammatory data with neuropsychological measures (NM). Two different algorithms were compared: multiple kernel learning (MKL) and elastic net regularized logistic regression (EN).MethodsIn a sample of 141 subjects (70 MDD; 71 BD), two different models were implemented for each algorithm: 1) structural neuroimaging measures only (i.e. voxel-based morphometry (VBM), white matter fractional anisotropy (FA), and mean diffusivity (MD)); 2) VBM, FA, and MD combined with NM. In a subsample of 71 subjects (36 BD; 38 MDD), two similar models were implemented: 1) VBM, FA, and, MD combined with only NM; 2) VBM, FA, and MD combined with NM and peripheral inflammatory markers. Finally, the best model was selected for comparison with healthy controls (HC).ResultsOverall, the EN model based on all the modalities achieved the highest accuracy (AUC = 90.2%), outperforming MKL (AUC=85%). EN correctly classified BD and MDD with a diagnostic accuracy of 78.3%, sensitivity of 75%, and specificity of 81.6%. The most significant predictors of BD (variable inclusion probability (VIP) > 80%) were the parahippocampal cingulate, interleukin 9, chemokine CCL5, posterior thalamic radiation, and internal capsule, whereas MDD was best predicted by chemokine CCL23, the anterior cerebellum, and the sagittal stratum. In contrast, NM did not help to differentiate between MDD and BD. However, they help to distinguish patients from HC. Psychomotor coordination and speed of information processing discriminated between MDD and HC (VIP>90%), whereas fluency, working memory, and executive functions differentiated between BD and HC (VIP>80%).ConclusionsIn summary, BD was predicted by a strong proinflammatory profile, whereas MDD was identified by structural neuroimaging data. A multimodal approach offers additional instruments to improve personalized diagnosis in clinical practice and enhance the ability to make DD.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
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AL-NAKIB, E. A., I. I. SUPRUN, and E. V. LOBODINA. "EVALUATION OF TRAITS OF NUT QUALITY OF PROMISING BREEDING FORMS OF WALNUT." Scientific Works of North Caucasian Federal Scientific Center of Horticulture Viticulture Wine-making 37 (September 2023): 21–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.30679/2587-9847-2023-37-21-24.
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The article presents the results of a morphometric evaluation of nuts of 10 hybrid walnut forms according on 13 characteristics (weight of the unshelled nuts and kernel, nuts size, kernel yield, kernel color, kernel completion, extractability, shell structure, shell thickness, septa thickness, shape). Set of samples with a complex of breeding valuable traits, was selected according to obtained results.
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Lauric, Alexandra, James E. Hippelheuser, and Adel M. Malek. "Critical role of angiographic acquisition modality and reconstruction on morphometric and haemodynamic analysis of intracranial aneurysms." Journal of NeuroInterventional Surgery 10, no. 9 (January 19, 2018): 911–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/neurintsurg-2017-013677.
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BackgroundSubtracted 3-D rotational angiography (3DRA) and cone-beam computed tomography angiography (CBCT-A) are often used in assessing cerebral aneurysm shape and haemodynamic profile. We sought to evaluate the effect of imaging modality, reconstruction parameters, and kernel selection on patient-derived aneurysm morphology and computational fluid dynamic (CFD) analysis to assess its potential contribution to inter-study variability.MethodsFour patients (five aneurysms) underwent concurrent 3DRA followed by high-resolution CBCT-A. Six models were reconstructed per aneurysm: 3DRA reconstructed with 0.28 and 0.14 mm voxel sizes (large and small volume of interest (VOI) respectively), and two kernel types (normal/smooth). CBCT-A was reconstructed over small VOI using normal/sharp kernel. Maximal dome dimension, neck diameter and dome/neck ratio were evaluated in 3D. Wall shear stress (WSS) magnitude was evaluated on the entire aneurysm dome and in the 5% dome areas covered by lowest (LWSS) and highest (HWSS) WSS. Parameters were evaluated with pairwise t-test analysis.ResultsSmaller VOI reconstructions resulted in smaller Dmax (P value=0.03) and Dmax/neck (P value=0.006) and in larger LWSS (P value=0.03). Use of sharp kernel led to narrower neck (P value=0.04) and higher Dmax/neck values (P value=0.02). CBCT-A resulted in statistically different aneurysm shape (up to 24% difference) and haemodynamics (up to 97% difference) compared with 3DRA.ConclusionThe choice of catheter 3D angiographic modality and reconstruction kernel has a critical impact on derived aneurysm morphological and haemodynamic analysis. The resultant variability can confound and obscure underlying differences within patient populations and between studies performed at different centres using divergent techniques, compromising the accuracy of quantitative aneurysm analysis.
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Brito de Jesus, Simone, Danilo Vieira, Paula Gheller, Beatriz P. Cunha, Fabiane Gallucci, and Gustavo Fonseca. "Machine learning algorithms accurately identify free-living marine nematode species." PeerJ 11 (October 9, 2023): e16216. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.16216.
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Background Identifying species, particularly small metazoans, remains a daunting challenge and the phylum Nematoda is no exception. Typically, nematode species are differentiated based on morphometry and the presence or absence of certain characters. However, recent advances in artificial intelligence, particularly machine learning (ML) algorithms, offer promising solutions for automating species identification, mostly in taxonomically complex groups. By training ML models with extensive datasets of accurately identified specimens, the models can learn to recognize patterns in nematodes’ morphological and morphometric features. This enables them to make precise identifications of newly encountered individuals. Implementing ML algorithms can improve the speed and accuracy of species identification and allow researchers to efficiently process vast amounts of data. Furthermore, it empowers non-taxonomists to make reliable identifications. The objective of this study is to evaluate the performance of ML algorithms in identifying species of free-living marine nematodes, focusing on two well-known genera: Acantholaimus Allgén, 1933 and Sabatieria Rouville, 1903. Methods A total of 40 species of Acantholaimus and 60 species of Sabatieria were considered. The measurements and identifications were obtained from the original publications of species for both genera, this compilation included information regarding the presence or absence of specific characters, as well as morphometric data. To assess the performance of the species identification four ML algorithms were employed: Random Forest (RF), Stochastic Gradient Boosting (SGBoost), Support Vector Machine (SVM) with both linear and radial kernels, and K-nearest neighbor (KNN) algorithms. Results For both genera, the random forest (RF) algorithm demonstrated the highest accuracy in correctly classifying specimens into their respective species, achieving an accuracy rate of 93% for Acantholaimus and 100% for Sabatieria, only a single individual from Acantholaimus of the test data was misclassified. Conclusion These results highlight the overall effectiveness of ML algorithms in species identification. Moreover, it demonstrates that the identification of marine nematodes can be automated, optimizing biodiversity and ecological studies, as well as turning species identification more accessible, efficient, and scalable. Ultimately it will contribute to our understanding and conservation of biodiversity.
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Lafetá, Bruno Oliveira, Rosália Nazareth Rosa Trindade, Vinicius Faúla Aguiar, Tamires Mousslech Andrade Penido, and Diego Dos Santos Vieira. "CROWN MORPHOMETRIC INDEXES OF EUCALYPT ESTIMATED BY LOGISTIC REGRESSION AND SUPPORT VECTOR MACHINES." FLORESTA 50, no. 3 (July 10, 2020): 1633. http://dx.doi.org/10.5380/rf.v50i3.65255.
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The proper choice of the modeling method for morphometric tree crown estimates is important to optimize measurement and support silvicultural decision-making. This study aims to evaluate the efficiency of interdimensional morphometric relationships modeling of eucalypt crown under different spacings using logistic regression and Support Vector Machines (SVM). The experiment was set up with four spacings (T1: 3.0 × 0.5 m; T2: 3.0 × 1.0 m; T3: 3.0 × 1.5 m and T4: 3.0 × 2.0 m). A continuous forest inventory was carried out at the ages of 24, 37, 48, 59 and 72 months. Two modeling methods, one using nonlinear regression (logistic model) and the other using SVM, were tested. The range, salience and vital space indexes decreased with increasing tree stem dimensions, tending to stabilization. The logistic model was satisfactorily adapted to the problems, more specifically in prediction of the first two indexes. SVM modeling using radial base Kernel function can be used with good precision for crown morphometric indexes estimation of eucalypt, simultaneously, for different planting spacings.
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Al-Nakib, Ekaterina Adelevna, Ivan Ivanovich Suprun, Elena Vadimovna Lobodina, and Anastasia Olegovna Avakimyan. "ASSESSMENT OF THE QUALITY OF FRUITS OF PROMISING FORMS OF WALNUT FROM LOCAL SEED POPULATIONS OF THE KRASNODAR REGION AND BELGOROD REGION." Fruit growing and viticulture of South Russia 1, no. 85 (January 25, 2024): 174–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.30679/2219-5335-2024-1-85-174-185.
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Recently, the task of updating the walnut assortment with new adaptive and high-quality varieties of domestic breeding has been solved, since foreign varieties cannot fully realize their biological potential in the conditions of the North Caucasus. In order to solve the issue of import substitution, it is necessary to create competitive, highly productive varieties with lateral fruiting, adaptive to unfavorable factors. At the same time, an extremely important characteristic of the variety is the quality of the fruit. The article presents the results of research on the search for promising forms of walnut. During the route trips, a preliminary assessment of the studied samples was carried out for the presence of lateral fruiting and fruit load, as a result of which 11 promising forms were identified for assessing the morphometric characteristics and quality of the fruits. All 11 selected forms of walnut are valuable for breeding and can serve as sources of economically useful traits (lateral fruiting, large fruit, high percentage of kernel yield, light, well-filled kernel, thin shell). Forms № 1, № 3, № 4, № 5, № 6, № 7, №. 8, № 10 can be considered the most promising in terms of the complex of phenotypic characteristics of fruits. These samples have an average (№ 1, № 5, № 7, № 8) and high (№ 3, № 4, № 6, № 11) percentage of kernel yield, good kernel extractability, kernel completion and can be used in breeding work, such as sources of economically valuable traits.
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Folharini, Saulo, António Vieira, António Bento-Gonçalves, Sara Silva, Tiago Marques, and Jorge Novais. "Soil Erosion Quantification using Machine Learning in Sub-Watersheds of Northern Portugal." Hydrology 10, no. 1 (December 28, 2022): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/hydrology10010007.
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Protected areas (PA) play an important role in minimizing the effects of soil erosion in watersheds. This study evaluated the performance of machine learning models, specifically support vector machine with linear kernel (SVMLinear), support vector machine with polynomial kernel (SVMPoly), and random forest (RF), on identifying indicators of soil erosion in 761 sub-watersheds and PA in northern Portugal, by using soil erosion by water in Europe, according to the revised universal soil loss equation (RUSLE2015), as target variable. The parameters analyzed were: soil erosion by water in Europe according to the revised universal soil loss equation (RUSLE2015), total burned area of the sub-watershed in the period of 1975-2020, fire recurrence, topographic wetness index (TWI), and the morphometric factors, namely area (A), perimeter (P), length (L), width (W), orientation (O), elongation ratio (Re), circularity ratio (Rc), compactness coefficient (Cc), form factor (Ff), shape factor (Sf), DEM, slope, and curvature. The median coefficient of determination (R2) for each model was RF (0.61), SVMpoly (0.68), and SVMLinear (0.54). Regarding the analyzed parameters, those that registered the greatest importance were A, P, L, W, curvature, and burned area, indicating that an analysis which considers morphometric factors, together with soil erosion data affected by water and soil moisture, is an important indicator in the analysis of soil erosion in watersheds.
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Poljak, Igor, Nada Vahčić, Zlatko Liber, Zlatko Šatović, and Marilena Idžojtić. "Morphological and Chemical Variation of Wild Sweet Chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.) Populations." Forests 13, no. 1 (January 3, 2022): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f13010055.
Abstract:
Sweet chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill., Fagaceae) is one of the oldest cultivated tree species in the Mediterranean, providing multiple benefits, and, since it has edible seeds, it represents an interesting model species for the research of morphological and chemical variability. In this study, morphometric methods and chemical analyses were used to quantify the extent of differences in phenotypic and nutritional traits between eight natural populations of sweet chestnut from different environmental conditions, where different management types are applied, high-forest and coppice. The samples were collected from the Prealps in Italy to the western part of Bosnia and Herzegovina. In total, 31 nut and kernel morphometric and nutritional traits were studied on 160 trees, and various multivariate statistical analyses were used to study intra- and interpopulation variations. Both analyses, morphometric and chemical, revealed a similar pattern of diversity, with morphological and chemical variability not associated with geographic or environmental variables. In addition, we found significant correlations between morphometric and chemical data. High phenotypic variability was determined both among and within the studied populations, and all populations had a similar level of diversity. The results of the analysis of morphological and chemical diversity can have many practical applications for the management, production, and conservation of the sweet chestnut genetic resources for nut production.
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Dey, Santi Ranjan, and Mitu De. "Morphometric Analysis of Kernel Trait in Rice (Oryza sativa L.): In search of Correlation among Quality Traits from F6 Breeding Lines of a cross between Pusa Basmati-1 and IR-72 rice varieties." International Journal of Advancement in Life Sciences Research 06, no. 02 (2023): 25–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.31632/ijalsr.2023.v06i02.003.
Abstract:
The hybridization of Pusa Basmati 1 and IR 72 produced an aromatic, elongating, and non-aromatic, non-elongating mapping population for quality attributes in rice. In terms of other qualitative qualities, the parents also differed genetically, and their genetic distance was considerable. In this study 365 lines in the F6 population were examined for kernel dimensions, cooked kernel elongation ratio (CKER), alkali spreading value (ASV), and kernel dimensions both before and after cooking. The apparent amylose content of the sub-set of 110 F6 lines was also characterized. With the exception of kernel breadth and ASV, all features showed continuous and normal distribution, indicating quantitative inheritance. All of the characteristics, with the exception of ASV, showed transgressive segregation. High heritability findings suggest that the quality attributes in the F6 lines were genetically fixed. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to evaluate four distinct hypotheses about the correlation of QTLs for quality attributes. The phenotypic variance explained by the QTLs was 45.68% for CKE-R, 38.63% for LAC, and 25.35% for L-BAC, indicating that the parent Pusa Basmati 1 was the source of the gene(s) controlling the inheritance of these traits.
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A.R. Karthikeyan, S. Ezhilkumar, and P. Karthikeyan. "Characterization of Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) Varieties as per DUS Guidelines." Ecology, Environment and Conservation 29, no. 02 (2023): 758–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.53550/eec.2023.v29i02.036.
Abstract:
Seventy-five varieties of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) were studied to know various morphological characters (DUS) responsible for the identification of groundnut varieties. Seeds were collected from National Oilseed Research Station, Junagadh, Gujarat, India. The groundnut varieties were evaluated with three replications using the randomized block design (RBD) in farmers field Mittahalli village, Krishnagiri, Tamil Nadu, India during 2020-21, 2021-22. Observation were recorded on morphometric characters viz., seed colour, seed shape, testa colour, 100 seed weight, plant growth habit, leaflet size, leaflet colour, stem pubescence, flower present on main axis, flower arrangement on side branches, pod constrictions, pod reticulation, and presence of beak. On other hand plant growth habit, kernal colour, kernal shape and testa colour are important characters for the identification of groundnut varieties.
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Goriewa-Duba, Klaudia, Adrian Duba, Urszula Wachowska, and Marian Wiwart. "An Evaluation of the Variation in the Morphometric Parameters of Grain of Six Triticum Species with the Use of Digital Image Analysis." Agronomy 8, no. 12 (December 7, 2018): 296. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy8120296.
Abstract:
Kernel images of six wheat species were subjected to shape and color analyses to determine variations in the morphometric parameters of grain. The values of kernel shape descriptors (area, perimeter, Feret diameter, minimal Feret diameter, circularity, aspect ratio, roundness, solidity) and color descriptors (H, S, I and L*a*b*) were investigated. The influence of grain colonization by endophytic fungi on the color of the seed coat was also evaluated. Polish wheat grain was characterized by the highest intraspecific variation in shape and color. Bread wheat was most homogeneous in terms of the studied shape and color descriptors. An analysis of variations in wheat lines revealed greater differences in phenotypic traits of relict wheats, which have a larger gene pool. The grain of ancient wheat species was characterized by low roundness values and relatively low solidity. Shape and color descriptors were strongly discriminating components in the studied wheat species. Their discriminatory power was determined mainly by genotype. A method that supports rapid discrimination of cereal species and admixtures of other cereals in grain batches is required to guarantee the quality and safety of grain. The results of this study indicate that digital image analysis can be effectively used for this purpose.
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Prashant, Ramya, Narendra Kadoo, Charushila Desale, Prajakta Kore, Harcharan Singh Dhaliwal, Parveen Chhuneja, and Vidya Gupta. "Kernel morphometric traits in hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) are modulated by intricate QTL × QTL and genotype × environment interactions." Journal of Cereal Science 56, no. 2 (September 2012): 432–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcs.2012.05.010.
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Jadwiszczak, Piotr, and Carolina Acosta Hospitaleche. "Distinguishing between two Antarctic species of Eocene Palaeeudyptes penguins: a statistical approach using tarsometatarsi." Polish Polar Research 34, no. 3 (June 1, 2013): 237–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/popore-2013-0020.
Abstract:
AbstractDefining species boundaries, due to morphological variation, often represents a significant challenge in paleozoology. In this paper we report results from multi− and univariate data analyses, such as enhanced clustering techniques, principal coordinates or− dination method, kernel density estimations and finite mixture model analyses, revealing some morphometric patterns within the Eocene Antarctic representatives of Palaeeudyptes penguins. These large−sized birds were represented by two species, P. gunnari and P. klekowskii, known mainly from numerous isolated bones. Investigations focused on tarso− metatarsi, crucial bones in paleontology of early penguins, resulted in a probability−based framework allowing for the “fuzzy” partitioning the studied specimens into two taxa with partly overlapping size distributions. Such a number of species was supported by outcomes from both multi− and univariate studies. In our opinion, more reliance should be placed on the quantitative analysis of form when distinguishing between species within the Antarctic Palaeeudyptes.
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Poljak, Igor, Nada Vahčić, Antonio Vidaković, Katarina Tumpa, Ivan Žarković, and Marilena Idžojtić. "Traditional Sweet Chestnut and Hybrid Varieties: Chemical Composition, Morphometric and Qualitative Nut Characteristics." Agronomy 11, no. 3 (March 10, 2021): 516. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11030516.
Abstract:
The chemical composition, morphometric and qualitative nut characteristics were studied in four traditional sweet chestnut and hybrid varieties produced on private estates in the Lovran surroundings, on the eastern slopes of Mount Učka, under the specific conditions of the sub-Mediterranean climate. Seven morphological characteristics were measured, and 12 nut and kernel qualitative characteristics were estimated using standardized descriptors. In addition, the samples were analyzed for proximate constituents (moisture, crude fat, crude protein, ash and total carbohydrates) and macro- and micro-nutrients (K, Mg, Ca, Na, Mn, Fe, Zn and Cu). Significant differences between traditional sweet chestnut and hybrid varieties were found in almost all of the studied morphometric and chemical nut characteristics. In general, chestnuts of hybrid varieties were characterized by larger fruits with higher moisture, crude protein, potassium, magnesium, sodium, iron and copper contents than in traditional sweet chestnut varieties. On the other hand, nuts of traditional sweet chestnut varieties were richer in total carbohydrates and crude fat. In addition, the presence of raised stripes, a small hilar scar and transversally ellipsoid nut shape were found to be typical for the traditional sweet chestnut varieties. Overall, our results suggest that the traditional varieties of the sweet chestnut can be easily differentiated from the new modern hybrid varieties by both morphological and chemical characteristics of the nut, and because of these differences, these two groups of chestnut varieties can have different practical uses.
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Rojas, Alexis, Gregory P. Dietl, Michał Kowalewski, Roger W. Portell, Austin Hendy, and Jason K. Blackburn. "Spatial point pattern analysis of traces (SPPAT): An approach for visualizing and quantifying site-selectivity patterns of drilling predators." Paleobiology 46, no. 2 (May 2020): 259–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/pab.2020.15.
Abstract:
AbstractSite-selectivity analysis of drilling predation traces may provide useful behavioral information concerning a predator interacting with its prey. However, traditional approaches exclude some spatial information (i.e., oversimplified trace position) and are dependent on the scale of analysis (e.g., arbitrary grid system used to divide the prey skeleton into sectors). Here we introduce the spatial point pattern analysis of traces (SPPAT), an approach for visualizing and quantifying the distribution of traces on shelled invertebrate prey, which includes improved collection of spatial information inherent to drillhole location (morphometric-based estimation), improved visualization of spatial trends (kernel density and hotspot mapping), and distance-based statistics for hypothesis testing (K-, L-, and pair correlation functions). We illustrate the SPPAT approach through case studies of fossil samples, modern beach-collected samples, and laboratory feeding trials of naticid gastropod predation on bivalve prey. Overall results show that kernel density and hotspot maps enable visualization of subtle variations in regions of the shell with higher density of predation traces, which can be combined with the maximum clustering distance metric to generate hypotheses on predatory behavior and anti-predatory responses of prey across time and geographic space. Distance-based statistics also capture the major features in the distribution of traces across the prey skeleton, including aggregated and segregated clusters, likely associated with different combinations of two modes of drilling predation, edge and wall drilling. The SPPAT approach is transferable to other paleoecologic and taphonomic data such as encrustation and bioerosion, allowing for standardized investigation of a wide range of biotic interactions.
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Das, Harekrishna, Saswat Nayak, and Diptimayee Sadangi. "Variation in morphometric characters, germination and oil content of Terminalia bellirica (Gaertn.) Roxb. seeds collected from various provenances of Odisha, India." Journal of Applied and Natural Science 12, no. 3 (August 12, 2020): 319–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.31018/jans.v12i3.2310.
Abstract:
The wide distribution of Terminalia bellirica in natural forests of Odisha has a good opportunity to identify better genotypes with higher oil yielding potential. The study related to variation in oil content, morphometric characters and germination of Terminalia bellirica (Gaertn.) Roxb. seeds was carried out in nine provenances viz. Deogan, Bolangir Kasturi Bahal, Narada, Kantamal, Jeypore, Gunupur, Kuchinda and Ghatikia of Odisha (India) keeping in the importance of the seed oil for biodiesel production, soap industry and medicinal values. T. bellirica is widely distributed in Odisha with gregarious fruiting of which most of the fruits remain unused except used as myrobalan for medicinal purposes. It revealed that Kantamal provenance expressed highest fruits length (3.87cm) and 100 fruit weight (1340.17gm), 100 seed weight(649.05gm) and 100 kernel weight(99.43gm) with maximum oil yield which can be taken up for further improvement study. However, the progeny testing at nursey level was also found to have the same provenance performing best for germination and seedling characters.
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Mayavel, A., S. Krishnan, R. Abinaya, S. Esakkiammal, and R. R. Warrier. "Variation in seed morphology and selected oil parameters of neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss.) from different agroclimatic zones in Tamil Nadu, India." Grasas y Aceites 74, no. 4 (December 26, 2023): e531. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/gya.0221221.
Abstract:
Tamil Nadu, in southern India, has the second-largest number of neem trees in the country. The oil from the seeds has high economic significance for cottage industries in the region. This paper examines 28 Candidate Plus Trees (CPTs) selected from six agroclimatic zones in Tamil Nadu which exhibit exceptional traits such as superior growth and other desirable characteristics. We aimed to understand seed morphology variations and physicochemical properties in the oil across different regions. Significant differences were observed for morphometric traits. Fruit production correlated negatively with rainfall. 100-seed kernel weight and seed length correlated with oil percentage. Rainfall influenced seed breadth and pericarp weight. Clustering using morphological characters did not group genotypes from the same region; while soil type could distinguish them. Correlation helped us determine the prominent features which influence the traits of interest, which can be useful for breeding programs, cultivation practices, and the development of neem-based products in Tamil Nadu and beyond.
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Albasheer, Modawy Abdelgader, Ning Iriyanti, Ismoyowati Ismoyowati, and Efka Aris Rimbawanto. "The Balancing of Safflower Oil and Inositol to Intestinal Morphometric of Sentul Chicken." ANIMAL PRODUCTION 23, no. 2 (July 27, 2021): 95–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.20884/1.jap.2021.23.2.91.
Abstract:
This study was aimed to evaluate the use of safflower oil (Carthamus tinctorius L) and inositol on the digestive profile of male Sentul chickens. A total of 182 Sentul chickens aged 17 weeks were reared up to 23 weeks in 91 units of battery cage (6 chickens/unit). The research was conducted in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with nine treatments and three replicates (6 chickens/replicate). The research treatments were R0 = control/ basal feed + 0% Safflower and 0% Inositol; R1 = Basal feed + 0.5% Safflower oil; R2 = Basal feed + 1.0% Safflower oil; R3 = Basal feed + 0.5% Inositol; R4 = Basal feed + 1.0% Inositol; R5 = Basal feed + 0.5% Safflower oil and 0.5% Inositol; R6 = Basal feed + 0.5% Safflower oil and 1.0% Inositol; R7 = Basal feed + 1.0% Safflower oil and 0.5% Inositol; R8 = Basal feed + 1.0% Safflower oil and 1.0% Inositol. Basal feed was composed of corn, rice bran, soybean kernel, fishmeal, palm oil, calcium carbonate (CaCO3), topmix, lysine, and methionine, as well as safflower oil (Carthamus tinctorius L) and inositol. The measured variable consists of digestive profile (the percentage of intestine weight, digesta, proventriculus, gizzard) and intestine length, crypt depth, the width and length of intestinal villi, Intestinal histology profile. The data were subjected to a statistical analysis of variance (ANOVA) continued with an Honestly Significant Difference test (HSD). The result showed that incorporating safflower oil (Carthamus tinctorius L) and inositol into feed did not significantly affect (P>0.05) the digestive profile of Male Sentul chickens. Conclusively, safflower oil and inositol up to 1% in the feed are safe for male Sentul chickens without interfering with the performance of digestive organs because it produces relatively similar intestinal weight and length, crypt depth, as well as the length and width of intestinal villi.
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Sarp, Gulcan, and Sebnem Duzgun. "Morphometric evaluation of the Afşin-Elbistan lignite basin using kernel density estimation and Getis-Ord’s statistics of DEM derived indices, SE Turkey." Journal of Asian Earth Sciences 111 (November 2015): 819–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jseaes.2015.07.022.
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Conti, Eugenia, Alessandra Retico, Letizia Palumbo, Giovanna Spera, Paolo Bosco, Laura Biagi, Simona Fiori, et al. "Autism Spectrum Disorder and Childhood Apraxia of Speech: Early Language-Related Hallmarks across Structural MRI Study." Journal of Personalized Medicine 10, no. 4 (December 12, 2020): 275. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jpm10040275.
Abstract:
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and Childhood Apraxia of Speech (CAS) are developmental disorders with distinct diagnostic criteria and different epidemiology. However, a common genetic background as well as overlapping clinical features between ASD and CAS have been recently reported. To date, brain structural language-related abnormalities have been detected in both the conditions, but no study directly compared young children with ASD, CAS and typical development (TD). In the current work, we aim: (i) to test the hypothesis that ASD and CAS display neurostructural differences in comparison with TD through morphometric Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)-based measures (ASD vs. TD and CAS vs. TD); (ii) to investigate early possible disease-specific brain structural patterns in the two clinical groups (ASD vs. CAS); (iii) to evaluate predictive power of machine-learning (ML) techniques in differentiating the three samples (ASD, CAS, TD). We retrospectively analyzed the T1-weighted brain MRI scans of 68 children (age range: 34–74 months) grouped into three cohorts: (1) 26 children with ASD (mean age ± standard deviation: 56 ± 11 months); (2) 24 children with CAS (57 ± 10 months); (3) 18 children with TD (55 ± 13 months). Furthermore, a ML analysis based on a linear-kernel Support Vector Machine (SVM) was performed. All but one brain structures displayed significant higher volumes in both ASD and CAS children than TD peers. Specifically, ASD alterations involved fronto-temporal regions together with basal ganglia and cerebellum, while CAS alterations are more focused and shifted to frontal regions, suggesting a possible speech-related anomalies distribution. Caudate, superior temporal and hippocampus volumes directly distinguished the two conditions in terms of greater values in ASD compared to CAS. The ML analysis identified significant differences in brain features between ASD and TD children, whereas only some trends in the ML classification capability were detected in CAS as compared to TD peers. Similarly, the MRI structural underpinnings of two clinical groups were not significantly different when evaluated with linear-kernel SVM. Our results may represent the first step towards understanding shared and specific neural substrate in ASD and CAS conditions, which subsequently may contribute to early differential diagnosis and tailoring specific early intervention.
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Quiñones-Llópiz, Jesús D., Concepción Rodríguez-Fourquet, Tomás Luppi, and Nahuel E. Farias. "Size distribution and sex ratio between populations of the artisanal harvested land crab Cardisoma guanhumi (Decapoda: Gecarcinidae), with the estimation of relative growth and size at sexual maturity in Puerto Rico." Revista de Biología Tropical 69, no. 3 (September 1, 2021): 898–1003. http://dx.doi.org/10.15517/rbt.v69i3.45570.
Abstract:
Introduction: Knowledge of growth patterns, sex ratio, and sexual maturity are of importance to exploited populations. The land crab Cardisoma guanhumi is an artisanal and subsistence exploited species in Puerto Rico. However, the growth patterns and sexual maturity of the local populations are not known. Objectives: This study has a double objective: (1) to compare the size and sex structure between populations and (2) to model the relative growth of structures related to reproduction to estimate the average size of morphometric sexual maturity (MSM) for both males and females. Methods: A total of 2 849 specimens were captured from nine dispersed populations on the island between 2001 and 2020. Carapace width (CW) was measured as an estimator of the absolute size of all individuals, together with the propodus length (PL) in males and the abdomen width in females (AW). Differences in length structure between sexes and populations were tested by applying goodness-of-fit tests based on Kernel Density Estimators (KDE). The relative growth pattern was modeled adjusting a spline from which the maximum of its second derivative was calculated as an estimator of the MSM, and bootstrapping was used to generate confidence intervals. Results: Differences were found in size structures, between sexes, and between sites. Our estimates of morphometric sexual maturity resulted in a sexual maturity size for males between 57.9 and 79.0 mm CW, while in females, morphological maturity occurs between 43.8 to 51.5 mm CW. Conclusions: We found inter-population differences in body size that can be attributed to differences in the history of changes of land use and the exploitation biased towards larger individuals, though differences in recruitment should also be considered. Current regulations in Puerto Rico protect female crabs but not to larger male crabs. The regulation establishes that crabs smaller than 64 mm carapace width cannot be captured, leaving immature male crabs over 64 mm CW unprotected. We suggest considering different size limits depending on the sex of the crab. This will allow the full range of sizes where sexual maturity is reached to be protected, increasing the likelihood of the population’s size to increase.
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Asíns, María J., José L. Carretero, Angelina Del Busto, Emilio A. Carbonell, and Diego Gómez De Barreda. "Morphologic and Isozyme Variation in Barnyardgrass (Echinochloa) Weed Species." Weed Technology 13, no. 2 (June 1999): 209–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0890037x00041622.
Abstract:
Mature seed samples from 35 populations ofEchinochloawere collected in fields of the Eastern Iberian Peninsula and evaluated for nine morphologic traits. Four kernels per population were separately assayed for four isozyme systems. Genetic variability components were studied by correspondence analysis and chi-square distance using the isozyme pattern as variables. Genetic uniformity was found within populations as would be expected from their autogamous mating system. Intraspecific isozyme variability covered a wide spectrum, from none inE. colonumto very high inE. oryzoides. All the populations ofE. colonumclustered together based on morphometric and isozymatic characters, and also those ofE. oryzicola, but were distinct from the populations of all other species. Populations ofE. crus-galli, E. hispidula, andE. oryzoidesclustered within species based on morphology, but did not cluster based on isozymatic characters, being mixed in the isozymatic dendrogram. Our results support the hypothesis thatE. hispidulaandE. oryzoidesare infraspecific taxa ofE. crus-galli. The large between-population genetic variability may explain the differential response to herbicides within a given species and indicate that weed specialists should study the differences in response to a wide spectrum ofEchinochloapopulations to several herbicides instead of testing many plants from a small number of populations.
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Louati, Ucarli, Arikan, Ghada, Hannachi, and Turgut-Kara. "Genetic, Morphological, and Biochemical Diversity of Argan Tree (Argania spinosa L.) (Sapotaceae) in Tunisia." Plants 8, no. 9 (September 1, 2019): 319. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants8090319.
Abstract:
Argan trees are normally endemic to Morocco and Algeria, but hundreds of argan trees exist in Tunisia, some introduced from Morocco and some from unknown origins. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the genetic, morphological, and biochemical diversity of the argan trees in Tunisia. In this study, we used morphometric data collected from vegetative tissue, as well as pomological characteristics related to fruits, stones, and kernels. Genetic variation in 60 trees of Tunisian Argania spinosa L. was estimated using inter-simple sequence repeats (ISSRs). Mutation screening and genotyping by high-resolution melting (HRM) was performed to detect delta-6-desaturase (D6D) variants in the tested individuals, and finally fatty acid analysis of argan leaves with gas chromatography (GC) was performed. The plant materials used in this study originated from four different sites in Tunisia. Analysis of morphological characteristics showed large variability both within and between the studied collections. The analysis of ISSR polymorphisms gave information about the diversity within and between populations. HRM analysis showed that all 60 argan individuals were grouped into 10 different categories. The results of the gas chromatography analysis showed that the presence of omega-3 fatty acids EPA and DHA was noticeable in some argan leaves.
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Giupponi, Luca, Valeria Leoni, Federico Colombo, Elena Cassani, Monika Hejna, Luciana Rossi, and Roberto Pilu. "Characterization of “Mais delle Fiorine” (Zea mays L.) and nutritional, morphometric and genetic comparison with other maize landraces of Lombardy region (Northern Italy)." Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution 68, no. 5 (January 21, 2021): 2075–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10722-021-01118-3.
Abstract:
AbstractThe loss of agrobiodiversity is a topic of global impact. On a local scale, Lombardy, in the Alpine macro-Region, has lost more than 78% of its plant agrobiodiversity. Only four maize (Zea mays L. subsp. mays) landraces of Lombardy are registered in the European Register of Conservation Varieties. However, there are other maize landraces in Lombardy such as “Mais delle Fiorine”, which was characterized from an agronomic, morphometric, nutritional and genetic point of view in this research and then compared with the four other landraces already registered (“Spinato di Gandino”, “Rostrato Rosso di Rovetta”, “Scagliolo di Carenno” and “Nero Spinoso”). “Mais delle Fiorine” resulted richer in starch (81% ± 1.6) and zinc (35.8 ± 9.1 mg Kg−1) and lower in phosphorus (3256.7 ± 204.2 mg Kg−1). The kernels in the five landraces also differ in the mean shape that is obovate without beak. A genetic distinction between “Mais delle Fiorine” and the other varieties was observed, and in particular compared to “Nero Spinoso”, while “Scagliolo di Carenno” and “Rostrato Rosso di Rovetta” showed great similarities. As regards agronomical trials, “Mais delle Fiorine” can grow from the Po Valley (90 m a.s.l.) to the mountain environments of the Seriana Valley (also over 900 m a.s.l.) without significant differences in grain yield. In addition, this landrace would seem able to tolerate environments where there is a greater probability of water stress.
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Sarp, Gulcan, and Sebnem Duzgun. "Corrigendum to “Morphometric evaluation of the Afşin-Elbistan lignite basin using kernel density estimation and Getis-Ord’s statistics of DEM derived indices, SE Turkey”. [J. Asian Earth Sci. 111 (2015) 819–826]." Journal of Asian Earth Sciences 120 (April 2016): 192. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jseaes.2016.01.019.
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Mykolaichuk, Vira, and Margaryta Korkhova. "The influence of water-soluble secretions of saffron seed on the germination of seeds of soft winter wheat varieties." Scientific Horizons 26, no. 9 (August 16, 2023): 81–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.48077/scihor9.2023.81.
Abstract:
Due to climate change, there is a need to introduce new crops into agricultural production in Ukraine, among which Crocus sativus L., a herbaceous perennial tuberous plant, whose allopathic properties have been insufficiently studied, can take a leading place. Therefore, the aim of the study was to determine the effect of water-soluble flower secretions and their individual elements on the initial stages of seed germination of two winter durum wheat varieties (Vidrada and Koshova). In the course of the study, generally accepted methods were used: laboratory research, analysis, synthesis and statistical. It was found that water-soluble extracts of flowers of different states and elements of C. sativus flowers do not have a significant effect on the morphometric and quality parameters of wheat kernels during germination. Water-soluble secretions of flowers of different states have an inhibitory effect on the development of the root system; secretions of the bud and the bloomed flower inhibit the growth of coleoptiles. The effect of water-soluble secretions of sowing saffron flowers elements has varietal peculiarities: for winter wheat seedlings of Vidrada variety, the petals have a stimulating effect on the total length of roots and their weight; for seedlings of Koshova variety, the opposite effect is observed. The water-soluble secretions of petals and stamens have a stimulating effect on the coleoptile of Vidrada plants, and the water-soluble secretions of petals have a stimulating effect on Koshova seedlings. The correlation between the length of roots and coleoptile under the influence of watersoluble secretions of flowers of different states and their elements, as well as the index of allelopathy have varietal characteristics. The obtained scientific results will contribute to the development of agrotechnical measures for the cultivation of saffron in Ukraine, selection of winter wheat varieties for joint cultivation and use of plant residues as biological stimulants
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Jatoi, Faheem Ahmed, and Hakim Ali Sahito. "Evaluation of Different Insecticides Against Lesser Date Moth, Batrachedra amydraula Meyrick, 1916 (Lepidoptera: Batrachedridae) under Field Conditions." Journal of Applied Research in Plant Sciences 4, no. 01 (January 1, 2023): 390–408. http://dx.doi.org/10.38211/joarps.2023.04.01.49.
Abstract:
Abdel-Samad SSM, Adel H & Abbas MK (2019). A new strategy for controlling three devastating pests attacking date plantations in El Bahariya and Siwa oases, Egypt through using a special group of natural enemies. Egypt J of Agr Res 97(1): 365-382. Abul-Soad AA & Mahdi SM (2010). Commercial production of tissue culture date palm P. dactylifera L. by inflorescence technique. J of Gen Eng and Bio 8(2): 39-44. Addisu S, Mulugeta N, Thangavel S & Amsalu A (2022). Determination of most effective insecticides against maize fall armyworm, S. frugiperda in South Western Ethiopia. Cogt Food and Agri 8: 2079210. Adnan IS, Emad H, Khloud AM & Mabrouk AB (1989). The chemical control of the lesser date moth, B. amydraula Myer, and residue levels of organophosphate insecticides in dates. Pes Man Sci 25(3): 227-230. Aisha AA, Gouthaman PP, Esam ES, Gaber AR, Saeed T, Amna SA, Khaled AT & Synan FQ (2022). Biocontrol potential of endophytic Actinobacteria against Fusarium solani, the causal agent of sudden decline syndrome on date palm in the UAE. J of funji 8(8): 1.24. Ali AA & Hamma NN (2016). Integrated management for major date palm pests in Iraq. J of Food and Agri 28(1): 24-33. Ali DS, Mohammed HM, Abbas DS & Hussein AH (2021). Effect of interaction between pheromone traps and plant seeds of harmal, P. harmala, on lesser date moth, B. amydraula (Merck), in Basra Province. IOP Con Ser Ear and Env Sci 735(012025): 1-8 Allbed A, Kumar L & Shabani F (2017). Climate change impacts on date palm cultivation in Saudi Arabia. J Agric Sci 155: 1203-1218. Alrubeai HF (2017). Biological control of insect pests in Iraq. An overview of parasitoids and predators research development. Aca J of Ent 10(2): 10-18. Al-Shahib W & Marshall R (2003). The fruit of the date palm. It’s possible use as the best food for the future. Int J Food Sci Nutr 54: 247-259. Al-Yahyai R, Khan MM (2015). Date palm status and perspective in Oman. Date palm genetic resources and utilization. Spr Netherlands 2: 207-240. Arthurs PS, Lawrence AL & Eugene RM (2007). Codling moth control and impact on non-target species in pear orchards. Bio Con 41: 99-109. Chao CCT & Krueger RR (2007). The date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.). Overview of biology, uses, and cultivation. Hort Sci 42: 1077-1082. Eman SE, Nagy N & Heba MSEl-B (2020). The efficiency of the parasitoid, Trichogramma sp. against some date pests. Egypt Aca J Bio Sci 12(2): 269-275. Faiad A, Alsmari M, Ahmed MMZ, Bouazizi ML, Alzahrani B & Alrobei H (2022). Date palm tree waste recycling. Treatment and processing for potential engineering applications. Sustain 14: 1134. FAOSTAT Statistics Division (2021). Available online: http://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/QC(accessed on 16 October 2021). Farooqi AB, Khan AH & Mir H (2005). Climate change perspective in Pakistan. Pak J Met 2(3): 11-21. Fekry WME, Rashad YM, Alaraidh IA & Mehany T (2022). Exogenous application of melatonin and methyl jasmonate as a pre-harvest treatment enhances growth of barhi date palm trees, prolongs storability, and maintains quality of their fruits under storage conditions. Plants 11(96): 1-16. Flower JM, Hazzouri KM, Gross-Balthzard MZ, Koutroumpa MK, Perrakis A, Ferrand S, Khierallah HS, Fuller DQ, Aberlenc F, Fournaraki C & Purugganan MD (2019). Cross-species hybridization and the origin of North African date palms. Pro of the Nat Aca of Sci 116(5): 1651-1658. Gebrewahid Y, Abrehe S, Meresa E, Eyasu G, Abay K, Gebreab G, Kidanemariam K, Adissu G, Abreha G & Darcha G (2020). Current and future predicting potential areas of O. abyssinica (A. Richard) using MaxEnt model under climate change in Northern Ethiopia. Ecol Proce 9(6): 1-15. Hassan KA, Hashim SM, Mostafa IMY, Sanad AS & Abdel-Hameid NF (2018). Assessment of dispersal and parasitism of the laboratory reared T. evanescens under field conditions. J of Plant Pro and Pat 9(5): 297-299. Iubied, IA & Hamzah HA (2019). Effect of pollen grains and growth regulators on some fruit characterization of date palm P. dactylifera L. cultivar, Sultani. AlQadisiyah J for Agr Sci 9(1): 136-142. Jallat K, Kaynat S, Sumreen A, Ahmad K, Sarfraz A, Awais Qr, Muhammad IT, Farhan AK, Nusrat S & Muther MQ (2022). Cultural and scio-economic perspective of some promising edible plants from Northern Pakistan. In: Masoodi MH & Rehman MU (eds) Springer, Singapore 1: 77-105. http://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-4880-9-4 Jatoi FA, Sahito HA, Kousar T & Mangrio WM (2020). Biology, morphology and taxonomy of lesser date moth, B. amydraula (Lepidoptera: Batrachedridae) under two different temperatures. Pur and App Bio 9(1): 1137-1147. Jatoi FA, Sahito HA, Mangrio WM & Kousar T (2021). Survey and population fluctuation of lesser date moth, B. amydraula Meyrick (Lepidoptera: Batrachedridae) on prominent Aseel variety of date palm. Int J of Bio 18(4): 207-215. Latifian M, Bagheri A, Amani M, Naseri M, Saboki E, Khademi R, & Zohdi H (2021). Determination of economic injury level of date palm lesser date moth, B. amydraula (Lepidoptera: Batrachedridae) on six commercial date cultivars in Iran. J Ent Soc of Iran 40(4): 371.383. Massimo B, Amedeo R, Francesca V, Michelangelo P, Miriam H & Marco S (2008). Effect of sowing date and insecticide application against European corn borer (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) on fumonisin contamination in maize kernels. Crop Prot 27: 1432-1436. Mattar MA, Soliman SS & Al-Obeed RS (2021). Effects of various quantities of three irrigation water types on yield and fruit quality of ‘Succary’ date palm. Agronomy 11(4): 796. Melanie H, Annalena S, Juliane S, Lea AF & Carsten AB (2015). The effects of agrochemicals on Lepidoptera, with a focus on moths, and their pollination service in field margin habitats. Agr Eco and Env 207: 153-162. Metwally HAA & Basheer AM (2019). Sensitivity of some date palm cultivars to infestation with lesser date moth B. amydraula. Wor J Agr Sci 15(5): 310-316. Mia MA, Mosaib MG, Khalil MI, Islam MA & Gan SH (2020). Potentials and safety of date palm fruit against diabetes. A critical review. Foods 9(1557): 1-21. Paszke MZ (2019). Date palm and date palm inflorescences in the late uruk period (C. 3300 B.C.). Bot and archaic script. Iraq 81: 221-239. Perveen K & Bokahri NA (2020). Comparative analysis of chemical, mineral and in-vitro antibacterial activity of different varieties of date fruits from Saudi Arabia. Saudi J Bio Sci 27(7): 1886-1891. Rambabu K, Bharath G, Hai A, Banat F, Hasan SW, Taher H & Mohd ZHF (2020). Nutritional quality and physico-chemical characteristics of selected date fruit varieties of the United Arab Emirates. Process 8(3): 256. Sallon S, Cherif E, Chabrillange N, Solowey E, Gros-Balthazard M, Ivorra S & Aberlenc F (2020). Origins and insights into the historic Judean date palm based on genetic analysis of germinated ancient seeds and morphometric studies. Plant Sci 6(6):1-10. Sanderson LA, McLaughlin JA & Antunes PM (2012). The last great forest: A review of the status of invasive species in the North American boreal forest. Fores 85: 329-339. Shabani F, Kumar L, Nojoumian AH, Esmaeili A & Toghyani M (2016b). Projected future distribution of date palm and its potential use in alleviating micronutrient deficiency. J Sci Food Agr 96: 1132-1140. Shahid F, Muhammad MM, Muhammad AB, Muhammad IU, Rahmat US, Hayssam MA, Dunia AF, Mohamed SE, Ashraf AH, Saqib B & Yong-Feng W (2021). Production suitability of date palm under changing climate in a semi-arid region predicted by climex model. J of King Saud Uni Sci 33: 101394. Shayesteh N, Marouf A & Amir-Maafi M (2010). Some biological characteristics of the B. amydraula Meyrick (Lepidoptera: Batrachedridae) on main varieties of dry and semi-dry date palm of Iran. 10th Inter Wor Con on Sto Pro Pro Julius-Kühn Archiv 425: 151-155. Zienab FRA, Navjot K & Fatima EH (2022). Ornamental date palm and Sidr trees Fruit elements composition and concerns regarding consumption. Inter J of Fru Sci 22(1): 17-34
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Li, Jing, Hongwei Wen, Shengpei Wang, Yena Che, Nan Zhang, and Lingfei Guo. "Altered Brain Morphometry in Cerebral Small Vessel Disease With Cerebral Microbleeds: An Investigation Combining Univariate and Multivariate Pattern Analyses." Frontiers in Neurology 13 (February 23, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2022.819055.
Abstract:
PurposeThe objective of this study was to evaluate whether altered gray matter volume (GMV) and white matter volume (WMV) are associated with the presence of cerebral microbleeds (CMBs) in cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD).Materials and MethodsIn this study, we included 26 CSVD patients with CMBs (CSVD-c), 43 CSVD patients without CMBs (CSVD-n) and 39 healthy controls. All participants underwent cognitive assessment testing. Both univariate analysis and multivariate pattern analysis (MVPA) approaches were applied to investigate differences in brain morphometry among groups.ResultsIn univariate analysis, GMV and WMV differences were compared among groups using voxel-based morphometry (VBM) with diffeomorphic anatomical registration through exponentiated lie algebra (DARTEL). Compared to healthy controls, the CSVD-c group and CSVD-n group showed significantly lower GMV than the control group in similar brain clusters, mainly including the right superior frontal gyrus (medial orbital), left anterior cingulate gyrus, right inferior frontal gyrus (triangular part) and left superior frontal gyrus (medial), while the CSVD-n group also showed significantly lower WMV in the cluster of the left superior frontal gyrus (medial). No significant GMV or WMV differences were found between the CSVD-c group and the CSVD-n group. Specifically, we applied the multiple kernel learning (MKL) technique in MVPA to combine GMV and WMV features, yielding an average of >80% accuracy for three binary classification problems, which was a considerable improvement over the individual modality approach. Consistent with the univariate analysis, the MKL weight maps revealed default mode network and subcortical region damage associated with CSVD compared to controls. On the other hand, when classifying the CSVD-c group and CSVD-n group in the MVPA analysis, we found that some WMVs were highly weighted regions (left olfactory cortex and right middle frontal gyrus), which hinted at the presence of different white matter alterations in the CSVD-c group.ConclusionOur findings not only suggested that the localized alterations in GMV and WMV appeared to be associated with the pathophysiology of CSVD but also indicated that altered brain morphometry could be a potential discriminative pattern to detect CSVD at the individual level.
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Peng, Bo, Gaofeng Pang, Aditya Saxena, Yan Liu, Baohua Hu, Suhong Wang, and Yakang Dai. "Analyzing brain structural differences among undergraduates with different grades of self-esteem using multiple anatomical brain network." BioMedical Engineering OnLine 20, no. 1 (February 12, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12938-021-00853-z.
Abstract:
Abstract Background Self-esteem is the individual evaluation of oneself. People with high self-esteem grade have mental health and can bravely cope with the threats from the environment. With the development of neuroimaging techniques, researches on cognitive neural mechanisms of self-esteem are increased. Existing methods based on brain morphometry and single-layer brain network cannot characterize the subtle structural differences related to self-esteem. Method To solve this issue, we proposed a multiple anatomical brain network based on multi-resolution region of interest (ROI) template to study the brain structural connections of self-esteem. The multiple anatomical brain network consists of ROI features and hierarchal brain network features that are extracted from structural MRI. For each layer, we calculated the correlation relationship between pairs of ROIs. In order to solve the high-dimensional problem caused by the large amount of network features, feature selection methods (t-test, mRMR, and SVM-RFE) are adopted to reduce the number of features while retaining discriminative information to the maximum extent. Multi-kernel SVM is employed to integrate the various types of features by appropriate weight coefficient. Result The experimental results show that the proposed method can improve classification accuracy to 97.26% compared with single-layer brain network. Conclusions The proposed method provides a new perspective for the analysis of brain structural differences of self-esteem, which also has potential guiding significance in other researches involved brain cognitive activity and brain disease diagnosis.
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Modabbernia, Amirhossein, Giorgia Michelini, Abraham Reichenberg, Roman Kotov, Deanna Barch, and Sophia Frangou. "Neural signatures of data-driven psychopathology dimensions at the transition to adolescence." European Psychiatry 65, no. 1 (2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/j.eurpsy.2021.2262.
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Abstract Background One of the challenges in human neuroscience is to uncover associations between brain organization and psychopathology in order to better understand the biological underpinnings of mental disorders. Here, we aimed to characterize the neural correlates of psychopathology dimensions obtained using two conceptually different data-driven approaches. Methods Dimensions of psychopathology that were either maximally dissociable or correlated were respectively extracted by independent component analysis (ICA) and exploratory factor analysis (EFA) applied to the Childhood Behavior Checklist items from 9- to 10-year-olds (n = 9983; 47.8% female, 50.8% white) participating in the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development study. The patterns of brain morphometry, white matter integrity and resting-state connectivity associated with each dimension were identified using kernel-based regularized least squares and compared between dimensions using Spearman’s correlation coefficient. Results ICA identified three psychopathology dimensions, representing opposition–disinhibition, cognitive dyscontrol, and negative affect, with distinct brain correlates. Opposition–disinhibition was negatively associated with cortical surface area, cognitive dyscontrol was negatively associated with anatomical and functional dysconnectivity while negative affect did not show discernable associations with any neuroimaging measure. EFA identified three dimensions representing broad externalizing, neurodevelopmental, and broad Internalizing problems with partially overlapping brain correlates. All EFA-derived dimensions were negatively associated with cortical surface area, whereas measures of functional and structural connectivity were associated only with the neurodevelopmental dimension. Conclusions This study highlights the importance of cortical surface area and global connectivity for psychopathology in preadolescents and provides evidence for dissociable psychopathology dimensions with distinct brain correlates.
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Povala, Guilherme, Bruna Bellaver, Pamela C. L. Ferreira, Firoza Z. Lussier, João Pedro Ferrari‐Souza, Douglas Teixeira Leffa, Cécile Tissot, et al. "Increased regional brain inflammation predicts longitudinal brain atrophy in individuals in the Alzheimer’s disease continuum." Alzheimer's & Dementia 19, S17 (December 2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/alz.079000.
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AbstractBackgroundNeuroinflammation typically involves the activation of microglial cells in the brain and has been linked to Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathology. However, how microglial activation influences brain neurodegeneration in individuals across the AD continuum is still poorly understood. Here, we aimed to investigate the influence of microglial activation in longitudinal brain atrophy in individuals across the AD continuum. We hypothesize that high levels of regional brain inflammation predict widespread brain atrophy.MethodWe assessed 95 individuals from the TRIAD cohort (60 cognitively unimpaired and 35 cognitively impaired) with available [11C]PBR28‐PET, a measure of microglial activation, and a 2‐year longitudinal MRI (mean = 2.07 years). We generated grey matter voxel‐based morphometry (VBM) images using SPM12 and DARTEL, smoothed with a Gaussian kernel of full‐width half maximum of 8mm. We built the uncorrected (p < 0.05) association matrix between the [11C]PBR28‐PET SUVR and longitudinal VBM ROIs (z‐score) with the β‐estimates from linear regressions accounting for age, sex, and diagnosis. We divided the [11C]PBR28‐PET levels into terciles (low, intermediate, and high) to generate the averages of longitudinal VBM changes.ResultBaseline ROI‐based [11C]PBR28‐PET levels associate with longitudinal brain atrophy not only locally but also in distinct brain regions (Fig 1a). After FDR‐correction, the inferior temporal cortex was the region where [11C]PBR28‐PET levels were better associated with widespread longitudinal brain atrophy (Fig. 1b). Brain atrophy was observed in AD‐related regions, including the amygdala, insula, and the superior temporal cortex, independently of global amyloid load and tau (Fig. 1b). Accordingly, individuals with higher [11C]PBR28‐PET levels in the inferior temporal cortex presented increased longitudinal brain atrophy compared to individuals with lower [11C]PBR28‐PET (Fig. 1c).ConclusionWe identified increased baseline [11C]PBR28‐PET levels in the inferior temporal cortex that were highly associated with longitudinal brain atrophy in individuals across the AD continuum. Our results demonstrated that higher levels of inflammation in key brain regions could predict widespread longitudinal brain atrophy, suggesting that microglial activation has a detrimental impact on AD‐related neurodegeneration progression.
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Povala, Guilherme, Bruna Bellaver, Pamela C. L. Ferreira, Firoza Z. Lussier, João Pedro Ferrari‐Souza, Douglas Teixeira Leffa, Cécile Tissot, et al. "Increased regional brain inflammation predicts longitudinal brain atrophy in individuals in the Alzheimer’s disease continuum." Alzheimer's & Dementia 19, S10 (December 2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/alz.081863.
Abstract:
AbstractBackgroundNeuroinflammation typically involves the activation of microglial cells in the brain and has been linked to Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathology. However, how microglial activation influences brain neurodegeneration in individuals across the AD continuum is still poorly understood. Here, we aimed to investigate the influence of microglial activation in longitudinal brain atrophy in individuals across the AD continuum. We hypothesize that high levels of regional brain inflammation predict widespread brain atrophy.MethodWe assessed 95 individuals from the TRIAD cohort (60 cognitively unimpaired and 35 cognitively impaired) with available [11C]PBR28‐PET, a measure of microglial activation, and a 2‐year longitudinal MRI (mean = 2.07 years). We generated grey matter voxel‐based morphometry (VBM) images using SPM12 and DARTEL, smoothed with a Gaussian kernel of full‐width half maximum of 8mm. We built the uncorrected (p < 0.05) association matrix between the [11C]PBR28‐PET SUVR and longitudinal VBM ROIs (z‐score) with the ß‐estimates from linear regressions accounting for age, sex, and diagnosis. We divided the [11C]PBR28‐PET levels into terciles (low, intermediate, and high) to generate the averages of longitudinal VBM changes.ResultBaseline ROI‐based [11C]PBR28‐PET levels associate with longitudinal brain atrophy not only locally but also in distinct brain regions (Fig 1a). After FDR‐correction, the inferior temporal cortex was the region where [11C]PBR28‐PET levels were better associated with widespread longitudinal brain atrophy (Fig. 1b). Brain atrophy was observed in AD‐related regions, including the amygdala, insula, and the superior temporal cortex, independently of global amyloid load and tau (Fig. 1b). Accordingly, individuals with higher [11C]PBR28‐PET levels in the inferior temporal cortex presented increased longitudinal brain atrophy compared to individuals with lower [11C]PBR28‐PET (Fig. 1c).ConclusionWe identified increased baseline [11C]PBR28‐PET levels in the inferior temporal cortex that were highly associated with longitudinal brain atrophy in individuals across the AD continuum. Our results demonstrated that higher levels of inflammation in key brain regions could predict widespread longitudinal brain atrophy, suggesting that microglial activation has a detrimental impact on AD‐related neurodegeneration progression.
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Lanzanova, Chiara, Cristina Agape, Giulia Castorina, Carlotta Balconi, Michela Alfieri, Daria P. Locatelli, Gabriella Consonni, and Lidia Limonta. "Are variations in kernel-related morphometric and chemical parameters correlated with differences in Sitophilus oryzae attack in maize?" Seed Science and Technology, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.15258/sst.2021.49.2.02.
Abstract:
Insect infestation during seed storage affects cereal productivity. Sitophilus oryzae, which is present in various climates, is one of the primary pests for maize (Zea mays ) seeds. In this study, kernels of a set of eight inbred lines of importance for both maize breeding and research activities were characterised for morphological and biochemical parameters as well as for their susceptibility to S. oryzae. S. oryzae was reared in laboratory-controlled conditions and the susceptibility index (SI, range: 0-11), which depends on both number of emerging adults and their median developmental period, was measured. Maize kernels of each of the eight maize lines were put in contact with less than 3-day old males and females of S. oryzae for 13 days. Infested kernels were checked daily for new adult emergence. Four maize lines were susceptible to S. oryzae attack (SI = 7.5 to 9.7) while the others appeared to be moderately resistant (SI = 4.6-6.9). Our results highlighted the occurrence of variability for insect susceptibility among different maize genotypes, however, variations in the kernel traits analysed do not allow us to make predictions about the response to insect attack.
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MURADOĞLU, Ferhad, Sibel BİNİCİ AKKUŞ, Gökhan AKKUŞ, and İbrahim BAŞAK. "Pikan Çeşitlerinin Morfometrik Özellikler Bakımından Karşılaştırılması." Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Tarım ve Doğa Dergisi, June 1, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.1036556.
Abstract:
Pecan is a major horticultural nut tree that originated from North America and, in Turkey, it is generally cultivated in the Aegean and Mediterranean regions. In this study, morphometric traits of twenty-one cultivars grown under equal ecological conditions in the Southeastern region of Turkey were determined. In addition, a multivariate analysis was performed on morphometric traits for determining suitable cultivars that show the best performance in these ecological conditions. The nut weight ranged from 3.66 g for ‘Cherokee’ to 10.35 g for the ‘Shoshoni’ cultivar. The ‘Choctaw’ had the highest kernel weight and kernel ratio ranged from 5.63 g to 58.60%. While the ‘Cherokee’ had the lowest ranging from 0.91 g to 22.84 g, respectively. A significant positive correlation between nut weight and kernel ratio was determined. The kernel weight was also highly correlated with nut weight and height. The use of clustering analysis according to Ward’s method allowed the establishment of relationships between pecan cultivars by separating them into four main clusters. Also, these results were supported with principal component analysis, and ‘Big Z’ and ‘Ideal’ cultivars were determined to be the closest cultivars. Results showed that there are quantitative differences regarding the genetic property of pecan cultivars and more than half of the examined cultivars showed a good performance in terms of nut quality criteria that are crucial in marketing. Furthermore, the multivariate analysis was effective in the differentiation of pecan cultivars and it has been evaluated that it can be used successfully in future studies
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Dhakal, Anup, Jesse Poland, Laxman Adhikari, Ethan Faryna, Jason Fiedler, Jessica E. Rutkoski, and Juan David Arbelaez. "Implementing multi‐trait genomic selection to improve grain milling quality in oats (Avena sativa L.)." Plant Genome, May 19, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/tpg2.20457.
Abstract:
AbstractOats (Avena sativa L.) provide unique nutritional benefits and contribute to sustainable agricultural systems. Breeding high‐value oat varieties that meet milling industry standards is crucial for satisfying the demand for oat‐based food products. Test weight, thins, and groat percentage are primary traits that define oat milling quality and the final price of food‐grade oats. Conventional selection for milling quality is costly and burdensome. Multi‐trait genomic selection (MTGS) combines information from genome‐wide markers and secondary traits genetically correlated with primary traits to predict breeding values of primary traits on candidate breeding lines. MTGS can improve prediction accuracy and significantly accelerate the rate of genetic gain. In this study, we evaluated different MTGS models that used morphometric grain traits to improve prediction accuracy for primary grain quality traits within the constraints of a breeding program. We evaluated 558 breeding lines from the University of Illinois Oat Breeding Program across 2 years for primary milling traits, test weight, thins, and groat percentage, and secondary grain morphometric traits derived from kernel and groat images. Kernel morphometric traits were genetically correlated with test weight and thins percentage but were uncorrelated with groat percentage. For test weight and thins percentage, the MTGS model that included the kernel morphometric traits in both training and candidate sets outperformed single‐trait models by 52% and 59%, respectively. In contrast, MTGS models for groat percentage were not significantly better than the single‐trait model. We found that incorporating kernel morphometric traits can improve the genomic selection for test weight and thins percentage.
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Hernán Claudio, Kulsgaard. "Desarrollo de técnicas computacionales para la detección de cambios morfológicos cerebrales." RIDAA Tesis Unicen, October 18, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.52278/3276.
Abstract:
La morfometría individual basada en voxel (MIBV) es una técnica para el estudio de cambios morfométricos cerebrales a partir de imágenes de resonancia magnética. Su principal ventaja sobre la morfometría basada en voxel clásica (MBV) es que permite estudiar a los sujetos de manera individual. Sin embargo, su aplicabilidad se ve limitada por la gran cantidad de falsos positivos que produce. Por esta razón, sus aspectos de configuración no han sido estudiados tan exhaustivamente como en MBV. Para abordar esta problemática, primero se realizo un estudio de MIBV sobre sujetos sanos para analizar los falsos positivos y la influencia del tamaño de grupo control y núcleo de suavizado. Segundo, se evaluó la sensibilidad de MIBV sobre sujetos con atrofias simuladas en distintas regiones y tamaños, analizando la influencia del nucleó de suavizado. Tercero, se estudio la sensibilidad y especificidad de MIBV sobre pacientes con esclerosis hipocampal. Cuarto, se desarrollo una metodología basada en aprendizaje de maquina para la reducción de falsos positivos. Se concluyo que los aspectos de configuración de MIBV son determinantes para el rendimiento en la detección de cambios morfológicos. Se pudieron determinar los lımites de rendimiento de MIBV. Finalmente, se demostró que es posible reducirlos falsos positivos, preservando los verdaderos positivos mediante aprendizaje de maquina. Single Subject Voxel Based Morphometry (SS-VBM) is a methodology for the analysis of brain morphological changes using magnetic resonance imaging. Unlike classic VBM, this technique allows single case studies. However, its applicabilityis limited by the excessively large number of false positives that produces. Forthat reason, its configuration aspects have not been studied as exhaustively as inVBM. To address this issue, first, a SS-VBM study was conducted on healthy subjects to analyze false positives and the influence of control group and smoothing kernelsize. Second, the sensitivity of SS-VBM was evaluated on subjects with simulated atrophies in different regions and sizes, analyzing the influence of the smoo thing kernel. Third, the sensitivity and specificity of SS-VBM was evaluated on patientswith hippocampal sclerosis. Fourth, a methodology based on machine learning was developed for the reduction of false positives. The configuration aspects in SS-VBM were shown to be a crucial factors for the detection performance of morphological changes. In addition, the performancelimits of the methodology could be determined. Finally, it was shown that it ispossible to reduce false positives while preserving true positives using machinelearning.
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NESRİN, Onurcan, and Fatih KAHRIMAN. "Prediction of Ear Weight, Kernel Weight and Viability in Maize Using Image Analysis." ÇOMÜ Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, September 29, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.33202/comuagri.1286700.
Abstract:
In maize breeding studies, it is becoming common to determine the ear and kernel characteristics by image analysis. While current methods focus on measurements that can be obtained directly by image analysis, it has not been adequately addressed whether different parameters such as weight and viability can be estimated using these measurements. This study aimed to determine whether it is possible to estimate the ear weight (g), kernel weight (g), single kernel weight (g) and viability (1/0) status of maize with the help of features (area, perimeter, width, length) extracted from images of the ear and kernel samples. In this study, 233 ear and 1242 grain samples belonging to 13 maize genotypes were used as material. Digital images of the ear samples were taken with a 5 MP camera and from the kernel samples with a desktop scanner. The ear weight reference data (DV1) and the kernel weight reference data (DV2) were obtained by weighing each sample on a precision balance. Single kernel reference data (DV3) was obtained with the measurements of single kernel weights. Kernel samples underwent paper germination test and reference data (DV4) related to viability was created. Regression models were developed by using the features obtained from image analysis (area, perimeter, width, height) for each reference data set as the predictor variable. As a result of the study, it was seen that the ear weight and kernel weight can be estimated with the help of the parameters extracted from the image analysis. While moderate success was achieved in the determination of single seed weight, it was difficult to determine the viability status based on the morphometric measurements of a single kernel in maize.
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Manchola, Oscar Eduardo Paez, and Fernando de Morais. "Morphometric characterization of doliniform features in the Araguaia Plain." Sociedade & Natureza, March 27, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.14393/sn-v35-2023-67351x.
Abstract:
The Araguaia Plain has extensive areas of savannah scattered forest fragments similar to circular depressions. These features, in addition to serving as corridors, could be associated with important features such as karsts, closed-water connection structures and ecological-type formations. To identify this relationship and contribute to the understanding of its genesis, this study has as its main objective the morphometric analysis of doliniform functions in the Araguaia Plain. Through the geoenvironmental characterization of the study area; digital facility models – SRTM; interpretation of Sentinel 2-A satellite images from 2019 to 2020; and calculation of morphometric variables: area, perimeters, activity, altitude, length and density, Kernel circularity index. A total of 24,023 doliniform features associated with green/healthy vegetation were identified in a Coverage Area of 114,900 km², Concentrated Majoritariate in the Brazilian municipalities of Lagoa da Confusão -Tocantins; Pium-Tocantins and Cocalinho-Mato Grosso. The features showed circular superiority areas up to 10 km², circular activity indexes at 0.5 and up to 1 and 1.5, indicating a predominance of circular shapes on slopes of 3% in the NE orientation. Based on the results, it can be verified that these features present sinkholes, as they may be under the influence of patterns associated with some processes, denoting in some processes the existence of a covered karst.