Journal articles: 'Keratinized tissues'

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Johnsen, G. K., Ø. G. Martinsen, and Sverre Grimnes. "Sorption studies of human keratinized tissues." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 224 (April 1, 2010): 012094. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/224/1/012094.

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Fisher, C., M. R. Byers, M. J. Iadarola, and E. A. Powers. "Patterns of epithelial expression of Fos protein suggest important role in the transition from viable to cornified cell during keratinization." Development 111, no. 2 (February 1, 1991): 253–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.111.2.253.

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An antibody directed against the DNA-binding region of c-fos was used to localize the distribution of cells positive for Fos protein in epithelial tissues. The antibody consistently bound to the nuclei of epithelial cells in the late stages of differentiation, just prior to cornification. The epidermis, palate, buccal mucosa, gingiva, tongue, forestomach and vagina in estrus all produced this type of labelling, suggesting a burst of expression immediately before cell death and cornification. The differentiating cells of the hair follicle, including the hair and inner root sheath, were also labelled. Non-keratinized tissues including junctional epithelium, embryonic epidermis and diestrus vaginal epithelium showed little or no Fos labelling. With the onset of keratinization at 18 days gestation or with induction of estrus in ovariectomized mice with estradiol benzoate, the epidermis and vagina expressed Fos protein in the manner typical for keratinized tissues. The Er/Er mutant epidermis, a tissue that is blocked in its ability to keratinize, overexpresses Fos with Fos-positive cells appearing in virtually every cell layer. Gel shift analysis demonstrates the presence of a functional AP-1 complex in epidermal extracts that is recognized by our antibody. Our data suggest that the expression of Fos is intricately related to epithelial cell differentiation, specifically in relation to the process of cornification and cell death.

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Vlachodimou, Elpiniki, Ioannis Fragkioudakis, and Ioannis Vouros. "Is There an Association between the Gingival Phenotype and the Width of Keratinized Gingiva? A Systematic Review." Dentistry Journal 9, no. 3 (March 23, 2021): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/dj9030034.

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The concept of gingival phenotype and width of keratinized gingiva influencing the diagnosis and treatment in the periodontal scenario is relatively new. Soft and hard tissue dimensions of oral tissues are considered essential parameters in daily clinical practice. Factors such as the biotype category and the width of the keratinized gingiva help dentists seek the perfect therapy plan for each patient to achieve long-term stability of periodontal health. Several methods have been proposed to categorize phenotypes and each phenotype is characterized by various clinical characteristics. This review aims to discuss the possible association between the gingival phenotype and the width of keratinized gingiva along with the results appeared. After a rigorous search in major electronic databases, the results of the included studies indicated that the width of keratinized gingiva seems to be associated with the periodontal phenotype, with thick biotypes being characterized by a more pronounced keratinized gingival width. However, the heterogeneity of the included studies did not allow to make a conclusion about a direct relationship.

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Marin, Danny Omar Mendoza, Andressa Rosa Perin Leite, Lélis Gustavo Nícoli, Claudio Marcantonio, Marco Antonio Compagnoni, and Elcio Marcantonio. "Free Gingival Graft to Increase Keratinized Mucosa after Placing of Mandibular Fixed Implant-Supported Prosthesis." Case Reports in Dentistry 2017 (2017): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/5796768.

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Insufficiently keratinized tissue can be increased surgically by free gingival grafting. The presence or reconstruction of keratinized mucosa around the implant can facilitate restorative procedure and allow the maintenance of an oral hygiene routine without irritation or discomfort to the patient. The aim of this clinical case report is to describe an oral rehabilitation procedure of an edentulous patient with absence of keratinized mucosa in the interforaminal area, using a free gingival graft associated with a mandibular fixed implant-supported prosthesis. The treatment included the manufacturing of a maxillary complete denture and a mandibular fixed implant-supported prosthesis followed by a free gingival graft to increase the width of the mandibular keratinized mucosa. Free gingival graft was obtained from the palate and grafted on the buccal side of interforaminal area. The follow-up of 02 and 12 months after mucogingival surgery showed that the free gingival graft promoted peri-implant health, hygiene, and patient comfort.Clinical Significance. The free gingival graft is an effective treatment in increasing the width of mandibular keratinized mucosa on the buccal side of the interforaminal area and provided an improvement in maintaining the health of peri-implant tissues which allows for better oral hygiene.

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Esper, Luis Augusto, Samuel Barros Ferreira, Rosane de Oliveira Fortes Kaizer, and Ana Lúcia Pompéia Fraga de Almeida. "The Role of Keratinized Mucosa in Peri-Implant Health." Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal 49, no. 2 (March 2012): 167–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1597/09-022.

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Objective To evaluate the role of keratinized mucosa around dental implants, correlating with other clinical parameters related to the success of dental implants. Design Cross-section. Setting Institutional tertiary referral hospital. Patients A total of 202 dental implants fixed in the cleft area of 109 patients with cleft lip and/or palate were evaluated. Interventions The evaluated clinical parameters were probing depth and gingival and plaque indexes on the buccal surface (three sites). Main Outcome Measures All clinical parameters were correlated with the width of keratinized mucosa around the implants. Results The largest probing depths were detected when the width of keratinized mucosa was 2 mm or more, with a statistically significant difference between the means of the probing depth and keratinized mucosa width. Conclusion Even though the present results suggest that peri-implant health can be observed in areas with keratinized mucosa width under 2 mm provided an adequate oral hygiene control is performed, longitudinal randomized studies are necessary to analyze the relationship between the width of keratinized mucosa and the health of peri-implant tissues.

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Agarwal, Mrinalini, and Deepa Dhruvakumar. "Coronally Repositioned Flap with Bioresorbable Collagen Membrane for Miller’s Class I and II Recession Defects: A Case Series." Medical Principles and Practice 28, no. 5 (2019): 477–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000500308.

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Objective: Gingival recession is one of the most common esthetic and functional concerns associated with periodontal tissues. Several techniques have been described to cover the exposed root surface. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy of recession coverage using a coronally repositioned flap in conjunction with a bioresorbable collagen membrane. Methods: Eight non-smoking healthy subjects with Miller’s Class I and II recession defects in the maxillary anterior region were selected. Recession was treated by a coronally repositioned flap along with a bioresorbable type I collagen guided tissue regeneration membrane (Periocol®). Clinical parameters recorded were recession depth, recession width, width of keratinized tissue, and width of the attached gingiva at baseline and 3 months postoperatively. Results: Three-month postoperative measurements demonstrated significant root coverage and a reduction in the recession depth and width. In addition, there was a significant increase in the width of keratinized tissue and of the attached gingiva. Conclusion: Recession coverage with a coronally repositioned and bioresorbable collagen membrane demonstrated good results in terms of root coverage as well as increase in the width of keratinized tissue.

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Herford, Alan S., Todd C. Cooper, Carlo Maiorana, and Marco Cicciù. "Vascularized Connective Tissue Flap for Bone Graft Coverage." Journal of Oral Implantology 37, no. 2 (April 1, 2011): 279–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1563/aaid-joi-d-09-00146.1.

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Abstract Alveolar defects are characterized by missing soft and hard tissues. It is often necessary to combine secondary procedures to address the soft-tissue component. The authors describe a technique that uses a split-thickness flap design that is placed over the crest of the remaining ridge and extends in a palatal direction. This allows advancement of the flap with its exposed connective tissue over the bone graft and provides restoration of both bone and keratinized tissue. Seventeen patients with defects involving the anterior maxilla who required grafting procedures were including in this study. All patients had an autogenous bone graft (n = 17) combined with osseointegrated implants (n = 41). A split-thickness flap design was used at the time of bone graft placement (primary) in 9 patients and at the time of implant uncovering (secondary) in 8 patients. There were no cases of flap necrosis or dehiscence with exposure of the bone graft. All patients demonstrated an increase in keratinized tissue involving the peri-implant area. An apical repositioned split-thickness flap provides an increased zone of keratinized tissue with improved esthetics and implant maintenance. This technique can be performed simultaneously with the grafting procedure, thus avoiding extensive undermining of the adjacent soft tissue.

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Farkhshatova, R. R., L. P. Gerasimova, and I. T. Yunusov. "Comparative analysis of the effectiveness of surgical techniques for the treatment of Miller Class I gingival recessions." Parodontologiya 26, no. 2 (June 30, 2021): 150–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.33925/1683-3759-2021-26-2-150-157.

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Relevance. It is currently relevant to study and compare the effectiveness of the autologous connective tissue grafts and the combination of collagen-based and autologous platelet-rich plasma in the surgical treatment of Miller Class I gingival recessions.Materials and methods. We examined and treated 48 (20 male (41.67%) and 28 female (58.33%)) patients aged from 25 to 40 years with Miller Class I gingival recessions. All gingival recessions were treated surgically using a modified twolayer tunnel technique. The patients were divided into two groups according to the graft type. Group I (24 patients (50%) had a connective tissue graft from the hard palate. Group II (24 patients (50%) used the combination of the autologous platelet-rich plasma and 3D collagen matrix Fibromatrix for the regeneration of oral soft tissues. We removed the sutures on the 14th day. The patients were followed up on the 7th and 14th days and in 1.3 months.Results. 48 Miller Class I gingival recessions were treated between 2018 and 2020. The depth of gingival recessions averaged 3.5 ± 1.13 mm before treatment. The level of the attached keratinized gingiva regarding the cementoenamel junction significantly (p < 0.001) improved in both groups after the surgery. The width and thickness of the keratinized gingiva best increased in group II. The mean effectiveness of gingival recession treatment was 84% in study group I and 96% – in study group II. Pain syndrome, fibrinous plaque and soft tissue edema were insignificant in group II.Conclusion. The combination of the autologous platelet-rich plasma and Fibromatrix, collagen 3D matrix, for the regeneration of the oral soft tissues is a more effective technique for the treatment of Miller Class I gingival recessions. This technique has several advantages. It is minimally invasive, less painful, soft tissue postoperative swelling is less and the received volume of the attached keratinized gums is larger than with a connective tissue graft.

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Westwater, Caroline, Edward Balish, Thomas F. Warner, Peter J. Nicholas, Emily E. Paulling, and David A. Schofield. "Susceptibility of gnotobiotic transgenic mice (Tgϵ26) with combined deficiencies in natural killer cells and T cells to wild-type and hyphal signalling-defective mutants of Candida albicans." Journal of Medical Microbiology 56, no. 9 (September 1, 2007): 1138–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/jmm.0.47110-0.

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Germfree transgenic epsilon 26 mice (Tgϵ26), deficient in natural killer cells and T cells, were colonized (alimentary tract) with Candida albicans wild-type or each of two hyphal transcription factor signalling mutant strains (efg1/efg1, efg1/efg1 cph1/cph1). Each Candida strain colonized the alimentary tract, infected keratinized gastric tissues to a similar extent, and induced a granulocyte-dominated inflammatory response in infected tissues. Both wild-type and mutant strains formed hyphae in vivo and were able to elicit an increase in cytokine [tumour necrosis factor alpha, interleukin (IL)-10 and IL-12] and chemokine (KC and macrophage inflammatory protein-2] mRNAs in infected tissues; however, administration of the wild-type strain was lethal for the Tgϵ26 mice, whereas the mice colonized with the mutant strains survived. Death of the Tgϵ26-colonized mice appeared to be due to occlusive oesophageal candidiasis, and not to disseminated candidiasis of endogenous origin. In contrast, the mutant strains exhibited a significantly reduced capacity to infect (frequency and severity) oro-oesophageal (tongue and oesophagus) tissues. Therefore, the two hyphal signalling-defective mutants were less able to infect oro-oesophageal tissues and were non-lethal, but retained their ability to colonize the alimentary tract with yeast and hyphae, infect keratinized gastric tissues, and evoke an inflammatory response in orogastric tissues.

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Peet, Daniel J., Richard E. H. Wettenhall, Donald E. Rivett, and Anthony K. Allen. "A comparative study of covalently-bound fatty acids in keratinized tissues." Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part B: Comparative Biochemistry 102, no. 2 (June 1992): 363–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0305-0491(92)90135-e.

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Nguyen, Ha Thi Thu, Mitsuaki Ono, Emilio Satoshi Hara, Taishi Komori, Midori Edamatsu, Tomoko Yonezawa, Aya Kimura-Ono, Kenji Maekawa, Takuo Kuboki, and Toshitaka Oohashi. "Type XVIII Collagen Modulates Keratohyalin Granule Formation and Keratinization in Oral Mucosa." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, no. 19 (September 24, 2019): 4739. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20194739.

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Epithelial keratinization involves complex cellular modifications that provide protection against pathogens and chemical and mechanical injuries. In the oral cavity, keratinized mucosa is also crucial to maintain healthy periodontal or peri-implant tissues. In this study, we investigated the roles of type XVIII collagen, a collagen-glycosaminoglycan featuring an extracellular matrix component present in the basement membrane, in oral mucosal keratinization. Histological analysis of keratinized and non-keratinized oral mucosa showed that type XVIII collagen was highly expressed in keratinized mucosa. Additionally, a 3D culture system using human squamous carcinoma cells (TR146) was used to evaluate and correlate the changes in the expression of type XVIII collagen gene, COL18A1, and epithelial keratinization-related markers, e.g., keratin 1 (KRT1) and 10 (KRT10). The results showed that the increase in COL18A1 expression followed the increase in KRT1 and KRT10 mRNA levels. Additionally, loss-of-function analyses using silencing RNA targeting COL18A1 mRNA and a Col18-knockout (KO) mouse revealed that the absence of type XVIII collagen induces a dramatic decrease in KRT10 expression as well as in the number and size of keratohyalin granules. Together, the results of this study demonstrate the importance of type XVIII collagen in oral mucosal keratinization.

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Marwal, Avinash, Surendra Meena, Subhash Chandra, and Dr Anima Sharma. "Review on Dermatophytes Highlighting the Status at National and International Level: A Critical Appraisal." JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN BIOTECHNOLOGY 1, no. 1 (February 18, 2014): 22–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.24297/jbt.v1i1.5056.

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Dermatophytes as the name suggest are the fungus that feed on skin. The chief source of their growth is keratin which is widely available in skin, nails and hairs and causes disease in animals and humans due to their ability to obtain nutrients from keratinized material. The organisms colonize the keratin tissues and inflammation is caused by host response to metabolic byproducts. They are usually restricted to the nonliving cornified layer of the epidermis because of their inability to penetrate viable tissue of an immunocompetent host.

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Agustín-Panadero, Rubén, Naia Bustamante-Hernández, Carlos Labaig-Rueda, Antonio Fons-Font, Lucía Fernández-Estevan, and María Fernanda Solá-Ruíz. "Influence of Biologically Oriented Preparation Technique on Peri-Implant Tissues; Prospective Randomized Clinical Trial with Three-Year Follow-Up. Part II: Soft Tissues." Journal of Clinical Medicine 8, no. 12 (December 16, 2019): 2223. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm8122223.

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Purpose: The objective of this prospective randomized clinical trial (RCT) was to analyze and compare the clinical behavior of three types of prosthesis supported by single implants in the posterior region after three years of functional loading. Materials and methods: Seventy-five implants were divided into three groups according to the type of prosthetic restoration: screw-retained crown (group GS); cemented crown without finishing line (biologically oriented preparation technique) (group GBOPT); and conventional cemented crown with finishing line (group GCC). After three years in function, clinical parameters (presence of keratinized mucosa, probing depths, bleeding on probing, and radiographic bone loss) were compared between the three experimental groups. The possible correlation between soft tissue clinical parameters and bone loss was also analyzed. Results: Statistical analysis found significant differences in clinical parameters between the different types of crown, with the cemented restoration without finishing line (BOPT) presenting fewer complications and better peri-implant health outcomes including: significantly different KMW data (mm), with significant differences between groups GBOPT and GCC (p < 0.001, Kruskal–Wallis test), with GBOPT obtaining larger quantities of keratinized mucosa (KM); statistically significant differences in probing depth (PD) values between groups GBOPT and GCC (p = 0.010, Kruskal–Wallis test); significant differences in bleeding on probing (BOP) between groups GBOPT and GCC (p = 0.018, Chi2 test) in favor of GBOPT. Conclusions: Soft tissue behavior around implants is related to the type of prosthetic restoration used, with cemented prostheses with BOPT presenting better peri-implant soft tissue behavior.

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Tarasenko, Svetlana V., and S. V. Zagorskij. "Review of methodology and materials using for building of gum soft tissues." Journal of Clinical Practice 10, no. 1 (April 25, 2019): 57–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/clinpract10157-62.

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In the review we analyze the basic surgical techniques applied to increase the volume of a keratinized gum and materials used for this procedure, such as dermal and collagen matrices. The results of clinical trials are presented on the effectiveness of collagen matrices, including Mucograft. The analysis of the literature highlights the main advantages and disadvantages of these methods and materials, as well as the most significant and promising areas for the further clinical research.

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Moraru, Simona Andreea, Lavinia Buţincu, Vanda Roxana Nimigean, Daniela Bădiţă, and Victor Nimigean. "Clinical evaluation of soft tissues around dental implants." Romanian Journal of Stomatology 62, no. 4 (December 31, 2016): 179–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.37897/rjs.2016.4.2.

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Aims: The aim of this study was to clinical evaluate the epithelial and connective tissues integration to dental implants and to describe peri-implant soft tissues response. Material and method: The study was performed on 9 dogs (Canis familiaris). Ethics Committee of The Faculty of Veterinary Medicine aproved the study. Peri-implant soft tissues were clinical evaluated regarding: the presence of keratinized mucosa around dental implants (KM), plaque index (PI), bleeding on probing (BOP), gingival index (GI). Results and discussions: The results were listed, analyzed and statistically processed. We have not found statistically significant differences regarding the indices used to evaluate soft tissues around dental implants with various timing of placement and loading protocols. The evaluation of periodontal indices showed the best results for implants applied after bone healing, irrespective of the loading protocol. Conclusions: The behavior of soft tissue around dental implants is essential for the long term success of dental implant therapy. An inadequate response is a cause of treatment failure.

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Maiorana, C., D. Andreoni, and P. P. Poli. "Hard and Soft Tissue Management of a Localized Alveolar Ridge Atrophy with Autogenous Sources and Biomaterials: A Challenging Clinical Case." Case Reports in Dentistry 2016 (2016): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/8468763.

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Particularly in the premaxillary area, the stability of hard and soft tissues plays a pivotal role in the success of the rehabilitation from both a functional and aesthetic aspect. The present case report describes the clinical management of a localized alveolar ridge atrophy in the area of the upper right canine associated with a thin gingival biotype with a lack of keratinized tissue. An autogenous bone block harvested from the chin associated with heterologous bone particles was used to replace the missing bone, allowing for a prosthetic driven implant placement. Soft tissues deficiency was corrected by means of a combined epithelialized and subepithelial connective tissue graft. The 3-year clinical and radiological follow-up demonstrated symmetric gingival levels of the upper canines, with physiological peri-implant probing depths and bone loss. Thus, the use of autogenous tissues combined with biomaterials might be considered a reliable technique in case of highly aesthetic demanding cases.

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Buyukozdemir Askin, Sezen, Ezel Berker, Hakan Akincibay, Serdar Uysal, Baran Erman, İlhan Tezcan, and Erdem Karabulut. "Necessity of Keratinized Tissues for Dental Implants: A Clinical, Immunological, and Radiographic Study." Clinical Implant Dentistry and Related Research 17, no. 1 (April 30, 2013): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/cid.12079.

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Ashurko, I. P., S. V. Tarasenko, A. V. Esayan, and A. I. Galyas. "3D volumetric analysis at implant sites after soft tissue augmentation." Medical alphabet, no. 7 (April 28, 2022): 79–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.33667/2078-5631-2022-7-79-84.

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Background. The role of soft tissues in the survival of dental implants remains one of the most discussed problem of the modern dentistry. Two main parameters such as the width of the keratinized gingiva and thickness of the peri-implant tissues are known to play an important role in the stability of the dental implants. Soft tissues thickness is necessary to achieve an aesthetic long-term stable result. Different methods for increasing soft tissue thickness are described in the literature.Materials and methods. Study included 30 patients with insufficient peri-implant soft tissue thickness. All patients underwent buccal soft tissue thickness augmentation by two different methods: collagen matrix (1 group) and free connective tissue graft (2 group). In the study we evaluated the amount of soft tissue thickness gain by using volumetric 3D- analysis.Results. The amount of soft tissue thickness before surgery was 1,63±0,7 mm in the 1 group, 1,61±0,7 mm in the 2 group. Three months after surgery the amount of soft tissue gain was 1,18±0,11 mm in the 1 group, 1,55 ±0,11 mm in the 2 group.Conclusion. The use of a free connective tissue graft as well as a collagen matrix is an effective method for increasing the thickness of soft tissues in the peri-implant area.

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Merkwitz, Claudia, Orest Blaschuk, Jana Winkler, Angela Schulz, Simone Prömel, and Albert Markus Ricken. "Advantages and Limitations of Salmon-Gal/Tetrazolium Salt Histochemistry for the Detection of LacZ Reporter Gene Activity in Murine Epithelial Tissue." Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry 65, no. 4 (February 1, 2017): 197–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1369/0022155417690336.

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The Escherichia coli LacZ gene is a widely used reporter for gene regulation studies in transgenic mice. It encodes bacterial β-galactosidase (Bact β-Gal), which causes insoluble precipitates when exposed to chromogenic homologues of galactose. We and others have recently reported that Bact β-Gal detection with Salmon-Gal (S-Gal) in combination with nitro blue tetrazolium chloride (NBT) is very sensitive and not prone to interference by acidic endogenous β-galactosidases. Unfortunately, as we show here, the method appears to be inadequate for evaluation of Bact β-Gal expression in keratinized epithelial appendages but not in other keratinized epithelia. NBT in the reaction mixture, just as other tetrazolium salts, inevitably causes unwanted staining artifacts in lingual filiform papillae, penile spines, and hair fibers by interacting with keratin sulfhydryl-rich regions. The methodological limitation can be overcome in part by pretreating the tissues before the S-Gal/NBT staining with an iodine–potassium iodide solution. Alternatively, the use of iodonitrotetrazolium chloride instead of NBT in the S-Gal reaction mixture provides enough color resolution to distinguish the specific Bact β-Gal staining in orange from the artifact staining in dark red. In summary, we provide evidence that S-Gal/NBT histochemistry has limitations, when staining keratinized epithelial appendages.

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Aleksic, Zoran, Sasa Jankovic, Bozidar Dimitrijevic, Ana Pucar, Vojkan Lazic, and Vojislav Lekovic. "Clinical impact of platelet rich plasma in treatment of gingival recessions." Srpski arhiv za celokupno lekarstvo 136, no. 3-4 (2008): 95–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/sarh0804095a.

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Introduction Root coverage supported with complete regeneration of lost periodontal tissues represents the ultimate goal of gingival recession treatment. Objective This study was designed to evaluate clinical effectiveness of platelet rich plasma gel (PRP) with connective tissue graft (CTG) in the treatment of gingival recession. METHOD 15 gingival recessions Miller class I or II were treated with CTG and PRP (group PRP). Connective tissue graft was harvested from the premolar region using trap door technique. After elevation of the flap, the regional bone and root surface were smeared with activated PRP gel. CTG was also irrigated with PRP gel before placement over the exposed root surface and local bone. Fixed CTG was covered with a coronally advanced flap. The same number of gingival recessions were treated with CTG in combination with the coronally advanced flap with no PRP gel (group TVT). Clinical recordings included recession depth (RD), probing depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL) and keratinized tissue width (KT) before and 1 year after mucogingival surgical treatment. Results Mean value of RD was significantly decreased from 4.93?0.86 mm to 0.60?0.37 (p<0.01) with CTG and PRP and from 4.76?0.74 mm to 0.63?0.29 mm (p<0.01) in CTG group. This difference was not statistically significant. Results of the keratinized tissue width showed significant increase from 0.88? 0.30 mm presurgery to 3.78?0.49 mm (p<0.01) six months after treatment in PRP group and from 0.90?0.34 mm to 3.15?0.41 in TVT group (p<0.01). This difference was statistically significant (p>0.05). No statistically significant differences were observed between treatment groups in CAL and PD. Conclusion Clinical results validate both procedures as effective and highly predictable surgical techniques in solving gingival recession problem. Histological evaluation may confirm advantage of PRP use related to regeneration of periodontal tissues. .

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Singhal, Parul, Ritu Namdev, Heena Sarangal, and Saurabh Narang. "A Rare Case of non Syndromic Congenital Idiopathic Gingival Fibromatosis: Electrosurgical Management." Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry 44, no. 5 (September 1, 2020): 352–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.17796/1053-4625-44.5.10.

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Idiopathic gingival fibromatosis (IGF) is a rare, genetically heterogeneous condition that is usually a part of syndrome or, rarely, an isolated disorder. It is characterized by a slowly progressive, non hemorrhagic, fibrous enlargement of keratinized gingiva which usually begins at the time of eruption of permanent dentition, however very few cases involving the primary teeth have been described in literature. Congenital gingival fibromatosis is very rare condition in which the gingival tissues become thickened and erupting teeth remain submerged beneath hyperplastic tissue masses. This case report discusses the rare case of congenital non syndromic idiopathic gingival fibromatosis in a two year old boy who reported with absence of teeth and incompetent lips. Gingivectomy was done using modified microdissection electrocautery needle to remove the excess gingival tissues. Excised tissue has been examined histologically. The patient was followed up for a period of one year and no recurrence was observed.

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Cho, Kyu Hyoung. "A Case of Ruptured Penile Epidermal Cyst." Soonchunhyang Medical Science 27, no. 1 (June 30, 2021): 27–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.15746/sms.21.007.

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Epidermal cyst, a benign tumor, can occur after trauma and surgical interventions such as implanting epidermal keratinized squamous epithelial cells and sebaceous glands into the dermis and subcutaneous tissues. It can occur anywhere in the body. However, penile epidermal cysts are very rare. We present a case of a symptomatic penile mass of a 34-year-old male patient with a ruptured epidermal cyst.

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Krawiec, Maciej, Jakub Hadzik, Cyprian Olchowy, Marzena Dominiak, and Paweł Kubasiewicz-Ross. "Aesthetic Outcomes of Early Occlusal Loaded SLA Dental Implants with Hydroxyl Ion Modified Surface—A 12 Months Prospective Study." Materials 14, no. 21 (October 24, 2021): 6353. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14216353.

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Background: Many efforts have been made recently to arrange a newer, more hydrophilic and more osteoconductive implant surface. One of the possible options in this matter is modification with hydroxyl ion. Materials and Methods: Forty implants with the diameters 3.5 and 4.0 mm were inserted as a single missing tooth restoration protocol in the frontal aspect of the maxilla. All implants were loaded early in a 4 week period. Prior to and during the surgery, the following indices were considered: height of keratinized tissue, the thickness of soft tissue, and the initial level of bone tissue. After 12 months, the implant and the tissues in its direct vicinity were evaluated once more with the following indices: marginal bone loss (MBL), height of keratinized tissue (HKT), probing pocket depth (PPD), pink and white aesthetics scores (PES, WES), as well as pain sensations combined with the procedure (VAS). All results were related to the diameter of the implant and thickness of periodontal biotype. Results: High aesthetic outcomes were reported regardless of soft tissue thickness and implant diameter. The VAS score was higher for the 4.0 implant group, and the thickness of soft tissue had no influence on VAS. In case of implantation in thin or soft tissue, higher MBL levels were reported (0.26 mm), while in case of a thick phenotype, MBL was 0.06 mm. Conclusions: Hydrophilic surface implants can be used for a protocol of early functional occlusal loading. The initial thickness of soft tissue does not influence aesthetic outcomes and does not raise pain perception, although it may elevate crestal bone resorption.

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Santagata, Mario, Luigi Guariniello, Rosario V. E. Prisco, Gianpaolo Tartaro, and Salvatore D'Amato. "Use of Subepithelial Connective Tissue Graft as a Biological Barrier: A Human Clinical and Histologic Case Report." Journal of Oral Implantology 40, no. 4 (August 1, 2014): 465–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1563/aaid-joi-d-11-00109.

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The aim of the present study was to develop a method to study the healing process after gingival grafting and to observe the histologic results after use of the modified edentulous ridge expansion technique. A 47-year-old nonsmoking woman with a noncontributory past medical history affected by edentulism associated with a horizontal alveolar ridge defect was referred to the authors for surgical correction of the deficit to improve implant support and the final esthetics of an implant-borne prosthesis. At the 4-month follow-up visit, a biopsy was performed by a punch technique in the same sites of healing abutment connection. The tissue was elevated from the attached gingival. Clinically, the grafted tissues seemed to be attached to the bone surfaces. The histologic findings revealed dense grafted tissues, providing long-term stability to the area. No ligament or bone, characteristic for periodontal regeneration, were observed. The presence of thick attached keratinized tissue around implants may constitute a protective factor against marginal inflammation or trauma.

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Gibbs, F. E., R. Barraclough, A. Platt-Higgins, P. S. Rudland, M. C. Wilkinson, and E. W. Parry. "Immunocytochemical distribution of the calcium-binding protein p9Ka in normal rat tissues: variation in the cellular location in different tissues." Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry 43, no. 2 (February 1995): 169–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/43.2.7822773.

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The family of S-100-related proteins consists of a number of small potential calcium-binding proteins of unknown function. Elevated expression of one of these proteins, p9Ka, or of its mRNA, correlates with the metastatic potential of cultured mammary epithelial cells from rat or mouse. Over-expression of p9Ka by transfection of benign rat mammary epithelial tumor cells with the gene for p9Ka induces the metastatic phenotype. At present there is little information on the occurrence of p9Ka in normal rat tissues. A specific antiserum immunocytochemically detects p9Ka intracellularly in most normal adult rat tissues studied, including smooth muscle, brown adipose tissue, and liver. In other tissues, p9Ka is localized specifically to some absorptive and keratinized epithelia, the acid-secreting parietal cells of the stomach, the neuronal cells within plexuses of the autonomic nervous system, and a proportion of cells of the immune system in spleen, lymph nodes, bone marrow, and blood. p9Ka is found widely in both arteries and veins, particularly in the smooth muscle and in the endothelium of smaller veins. In mammary gland, the pattern of staining suggests that p9Ka is extracellularly located in a region surrounding the ducts.

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Ashurko, I. P., S. V. Tarasenko, A. V. Esayan, A. I. Galyas, and A. V. Li. "Evaluation of free connective tissue graft and collagen matrix clinical effectiveness to increase soft tissue thickness around dental implants." Parodontologiya 27, no. 2 (May 20, 2022): 117–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.33925/1683-3759-2022-27-2-117-125.

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Relevance. Implant-supported prostheses are currently one of the most popular rehabilitation methods in partially or fully edentulous patients. Peri-implant soft tissue thickness is one of the principal determinants to achieve an aesthetic result and prevent the development of mucositis and peri-implantitis.Material and methods. The study included 30 partially edentulous patients with a lack of soft tissue thickness in the planned surgery site. 15 patients underwent augmentation using a collagen matrix (group 1) and 15 patients – with a free connective tissue graft (group 2). The primary endpoint was the assessment of soft tissue thickness gain three months after the surgery. The secondary endpoints were the thickness assessment of keratinized attached gingiva (three months after the surgery), swelling and pain severity (on the 1st, 3rd, 5th, 7th day, 1 and 3 months after the surgery) and quality of life evaluation (OHIP-14) (before the surgery, seven days and three months after the surgery).Results. The soft tissues thickness gain was 1.181 ± 0.11 mm in group 1, 1.55 ± 0.11 mm – in group 2. The surgery took 8.4 minutes less (from 3.737 to 13.06) in group 1 than in group 2. The swelling assessment on the next day after surgery showed that the mean value was 2.73 ± 0.3 in group 1, 1.87 ± 0.74 – in group 2 (р = 0.0139). There were no statistically significant differences in the change in the width of the keratinized attached gingiva, pain syndrome and changes in patients' quality of life (p > 0.05)Conclusion. Collagen matrix, like a free connective tissue graft, is an effective way to increase the soft tissue thickness around dental implants.

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Brailovskaya, T. V., A. P. Vedyaeva, R. V. Kalinin, E. A. Garibyan, Z. A. Tangieva, and A. M. Deniev. "Augmentation the width of a keratinized attached gingiva in patients with dental implantation." Sechenov Medical Journal, no. 4 (December 30, 2018): 5–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.47093/22187332.2018.4.5-15.

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To date, there has been an increase in the scientiﬁc interest in the state of soft tissues surrounding dental implants and their inﬂuence on the long-term prognosis of implant treatment. It is known, that the risk factors for the development of periimplantitis include a deﬁciency or complete absence of an attached keratinized gingiva in the area of implants. The article provides a comparative analysis of various methods of mucogingival surgery in the ﬁeld of dental implants using free gingival autografts and xenogenic dermal matrices.

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Hamasni, Fatme Mouchref, and Fady El Hajj. "Correlations between Width of Keratinized Gingiva and Supracrestal Gingival Tissues Dimensions: A Retrospective Clinical Study." Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice 22, no. 1 (2021): 18–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10024-3022.

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Peñarrocha-Diago, Miguel, Juan Carlos Bernabeu-Mira, Alberto Fernández-Ruíz, Carlos Aparicio, and David Peñarrocha-Oltra. "Bone Regeneration and Soft Tissue Enhancement Around Zygomatic Implants: Retrospective Case Series." Materials 13, no. 7 (March 29, 2020): 1577. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13071577.

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Purpose: To present a case series of zygomatic implants combined with bone regeneration and soft tissue enhancement techniques to reduce the risk of biological delayed complications such as maxillary sinusitis and soft tissue recession. Materials and methods: Zygomatic implants placed simultaneously with different bone regeneration techniques (buccal, palatal and buccal-palatal bone regeneration) and soft tissue enhancement techniques (pediculate and free connective tissue graft) were followed for at least 12 months. The following information was collected: patient age and sex, number of zygomatic implants, zygomatic implant success rate, zygomatic implant position according to classification of the Zygomatic Anatomy Guide Approach (ZAGA), sinus membrane perforation, type and outcome of the bone regeneration or the soft tissue enhancement technique, bone gain (width and length along the zygomatic implant) and keratinized buccal mucosa width, duration of follow-up, loading protocol (immediate or delayed) and biological complications (maxillary sinusitis and soft tissue recession). Results: Thirty-one zygomatic implants placed in 19 patients were included. All implants were successful and none of the implants presented biological complications. The bone regeneration technique was successful in 30 of 31 cases with a mean palatal bone width of 3 mm, buccal bone width of 2.65 mm, palatal bone length of 6.5 mm and buccal bone length of 8.3 mm. The success rate of soft tissue enhancement was 100% and it established at least 2 mm of keratinized buccal mucosa width in all implants. Conclusions: Within the limitations of the present study, bone regeneration and soft tissue enhancement techniques were useful to establish more favorable conditions of the peri-implant tissues around zygomatic implants. This could prevent biological complications such as maxillary sinusitis and soft tissue recessions. Prospective and randomized controlled clinical trials with longer follow-up periods are advisable.

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Findik, Yavuz, and Timuçin Baykul. "Huge Dentigerous Cyst in the Mandible Treated under Local Anesthesia." International Journal of Experimental Dental Science 1, no. 1 (2012): 45–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10029-1011.

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ABSTRACT A case of a dentigerous cyst located in the mandible of a 32-year-old male was reported. The patient was consulted to our clinic with complaining discomfort in the retromolar area of the left mandible. Radiographic examination revealed regularly demarcated huge bone resorption in the left molar area. Under local anesthesia, lesion was excised and specimen was sent for pathological examination. Microscopic examination of the excised tissue showed it to be well-circumscribed with fibrous tissues, and the cystic space lined by keratinized epithelium. There was no evidence of recurrence of the cysts. The patient remained in good health during the 1 year follow-up. How to cite this article Findik Y, Baykul T. Huge Dentigerous Cyst in the Mandible Treated under Local Anesthesia. Int J Exper Dent Sci 2012;1(1):45-47.

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Ueno, Daisuke, Takatoshi Nagano, Tsuneaki Watanabe, Satoshi Shirakawa, Akihiro Yashima, and Kazuhiro Gomi. "Effect of the Keratinized Mucosa Width on the Health Status of Periimplant and Contralateral Periodontal Tissues." Implant Dentistry 25, no. 6 (December 2016): 796–801. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/id.0000000000000483.

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Nahas, André Alan, Paula Dechichi, Denildo de Magalhães, and Andreia Espíndola Vieira. "Histologic Analysis of the Oral Mucosa Lining Osseointegrated Implant Cover Screws: A Study in Humans." Journal of Oral Implantology 36, no. 1 (January 1, 2010): 3–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1563/aaid-joi-d-09-00047.

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Abstract Osseointegrated dental implants are inserted into the alveolar ridge, and for them to function as tooth replacements, the surrounding tissues need to adapt to them. Just as with teeth, dental implants traverse the oral mucosa and have access to the contaminated environment of the oral cavity. Therefore, periodontal and peri-implant tissues are important for establishing a protective barrier. The aim of the present study was to perform a histologic analysis of the mucosa surrounding osseointegrated implant cover screws. For this study, 17 mucosal specimens were obtained from 12 patients during the second surgical session for implant exposure to the oral environment. After histologic preparation, specimens were sectioned perpendicularly to the mucosal surface to a thickness of about 3 µm, stained with 1% toluidine blue, and examined under light microscopy. All specimens showed a keratinized, stratified, squamous epithelium with well-defined strata. In the lamina propria, unorganized dense connective tissue was noted in the reticular layer, and in 4 samples, a chronic inflammatory infiltrate was seen in this region. The papillary layer presented tall connective papillae consisting of loose connective tissue. The results of this study confirm the hypothesis that the mucosa that conceals osseointegrated implant cover screws has the same morphologic characteristics as the alveolar masticatory mucosa. Furthermore, clinical conditions of normality in peri-implant tissues may not coincide with situations of histologic normality.

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Wyrębek, Beata, Renata Górska, Dorota Cudziło, and Paweł Plakwicz. "Periodontal status in growing patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate." Journal of Stomatology 69, no. 6 (December 31, 2016): 631–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/00114553.1230583.

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Aim of the study. To evaluate differences in periodontal parameters and oral hygiene between cleft and control sides in growing patients with unilateral cleft. Materials and Methods: 15 patients, aged 10 to 18 years, with unilateral cleft lip and palate. Evaluation of probing pocket depth (PPD), clinical attachment level (CAL), gingival recession (REC), vestibule depth (VD), keratinized gingiva (KG), presence of plaque (PCR) and bleeding on probing (BoP) for eight maxillary anterior teeth were performed. Types of fraena and mucosa deformities were also evaluated. Results. Significant differences for PD (but not for CAL) were found only at some surfaces of lateral incisors and canines. Keratinized gingiva was significantly narrower at lateral incisors, canines and first premolars on the cleft side (mean values were: 2.8 mm and 5.4 mm for lateral incisors, 2.7 mm and 3.9 mm for canines, 3.1 mm and 4.7 mm for first premolars, respectively for the affected and the control side). Significantly shallower vestibule at central and lateral incisors was found at some group of teeth (mean values were: 7.0 and 9.2 mm for central incisors, 8.6 and 11.6 mm for lateral incisors, respectively for the affected and control side). Due to tissue malformations it was difficult to assess the upper labial fraena. High scores were recorded for PCR and BoP both on the cleft and the control side. Conclusions. Malformations of soft tissues caused by cleft and previous surgical procedures negatively affected periodontal parameters on the cleft side. It is requisite to introduce periodontal assessment into comprehensive approach in children with clefts to control development of periodontal disease.

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Reino, Danilo M., Arthur B. Novaes Jr, Luciana P. Maia, Daniela B. Palioto, Márcio F. M. Grisi, Mário Taba Jr, and Sérgio L. S. Souza. "Treatment of gingival recessions in heavy smokers using two surgical techniques: a controlled clinical trial." Brazilian Dental Journal 23, no. 1 (2012): 59–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-64402012000100011.

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Smokers have small root coverage which is associated with bad vascularity of periodontal tissues. This study evaluated a technique that can increase the blood supply to the periodontal tissues compared with a traditional technique. Twenty heavy smokers (10 males and 10 females) with two bilateral Miller class I gingival recessions received coronally positioned flaps in one side (Control group)and extended flap technique in the other side (Test group). Clinical measurements (probing pocket depth, clinical attachment level, bleeding on probing, gingival recession height, gingival recession width, amount of keratinized tissue, and width and height of the papillae adjacent to the recession) were determined at baseline, 3 and 6 months postoperatively. Salivary cotinina samples were taken as an indicator of the nicotine exposure level. No statistically significant differences (p>0.05) were detected for the clinical measurements or smoke exposure. Both techniques promoted low root coverage (Control group: 43.18% and Test group: 44.52%). In conclusion, no difference was found in root coverage between the techniques. Root coverage is possible and uneventful even, if rather low, in heavy smoker patients with low plaque and bleeding indices.

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Rajeshwarkar, Dr Revathi, Dr Avinash Tejasvi M. L, Dr Ch Aparanjitha, Dr B. Balaji Babu, Dr N. Lakshmi Kavitha, Dr Archana Pokala, and Dr Mounika Reddy. "Hereditary Gingival Fibromatosis: An Unusual Case Report." South Asian Research Journal of Oral and Dental Sciences 4, no. 1 (March 23, 2022): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.36346/sarjods.2022.v04i01.001.

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Overgrowth of keratinized gingival tissues is a common condition and is described under a variety of names. Causes of such enlargement can be medications, hereditary, and/or local irritating factors. Hereditary gingival fibromatosis is a rare condition that can occur as an isolated disease or as part of a syndrome or chromosomal abnormality. In severe cases, the gingival enlargement may cover the crowns of teeth and cause severe functional and aesthetic concerns. Here, we present a case of an 8-year-old girl with severe enlargement of gums in the maxilla and mandible. The diagnosis was made based on clinical examination and family history.

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Brown, Caleb M. "An exceptionally preserved armored dinosaur reveals the morphology and allometry of osteoderms and their horny epidermal coverings." PeerJ 5 (November 29, 2017): e4066. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.4066.

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Although the evolution and function of “exaggerated” bony projections in ornithischian dinosaurs has been subject to significant debate recently, our understanding of the structure and morphology of their epidermal keratinized coverings is greatly limited. The holotype ofBorealopelta, a new nodosaurid ankylosaur, preserves osteoderms and extensive epidermal structures (dark organic residues), in anatomic position across the entire precaudal length. Contrasting previous specimens, organic epiosteodermal scales, often in the form of horn-like (keratinous) sheaths, cap and exaggerate nearly all osteoderms, allowing for morphometric and allometric analyses of both the bony osteoderms and their horny sheaths. A total of 172 osteoderms were quantified, with osteoderm spine length and height being positively allometric with respect to basal length and width. Despite tight correlations between the different measures amongst all other osteoderms, the large parascapular spines represent consistent outliers. Thickness and relative contribution of the keratinized epiosteodermal scales/sheaths varies greatly by region, ranging from 2% to 6% for posterior thoracics, to ∼25% (1.3×) for the parascapular spines—similar to horn sheaths in some bovid analogues. Relative to the bony cores, the horny portions of the spines are strongly positively allometric (slope = 2.3, CI = 1.8–2.8). Strong allometric scaling, species-specific morphology, and significant keratinous extension of the cervicoscapular spines is consistent with elaboration under socio-sexual selection. This marks the first allometric analysis of ornithischian soft tissues.

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Stevanovic, Ruzica, and Obrad Zelic. "Coronally repositioned flap in gingival recession therapy." Serbian Dental Journal 50, no. 3 (2003): 144–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/sgs0303144s.

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The aim of this study was to evaluate surgical therapy of coronally repositioned flap (CRF) in solving the problem of gingival recession. Research involved 10 patients and CRP was used to cover denuded surfaces of 21 teeth. The success of the operation was evaluated through the measurement of the denuded root surfaces (DRS) and the estimation of the condition of the periodontal tissues measuring: clinical attachment level (CAL) clinical gingival level (CGL), keratinized gingival width (KGW), vestibulum depth (VD) and hygiene standards (PI and GI). The results obtained by this study indicate that on average 68% of denuded root surfaces are covered with CRF one year after the operation. Significantly more coronally dislocation of the CAL 2,68 mm and the CGL (2.02) mm were registered one year after the therapy. KGW has not significantly changed except at the first follow-up, when more narrow keratinized gingiva was registered (p<0,05). Measurement of the vestibulum depth (VD) ascertained a significant reduction of the value of this parametar at all follow-ups (p<0.001) and one year after the operation (p<0.05). The coverage of denuded teeth surfaces enables adequate maintenance of oral hygiene, which has a positive effect on the decrement of the amount of dental plaque (PI p<0.001) and mitigates gingival inflammation (GI p<0.001) in the postoperatiave period.

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Dabelsteen, Erik, Ulla Mandel, and Henrik Clausen. "Cell Surface Carbohydrates Are Markers of Differentiation in Human Oral Epithelium." Critical Reviews in Oral Biology & Medicine 2, no. 4 (October 1991): 493–507. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/10454411910020040301.

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Carbohydrates of the epithelial cell membrane are involved in cell-cell and cell-substrate interaction, and changes are seen in relationship to cell differentiation and neoplastic transformation. The terminal part of carbohydrate structures carried on oral epithelial cells often expresses antigens of the ABO and Lewis blood group systems. The expression of these antigens are in oral mucosa genetically regulated by the A, B, H, Lewis, and secretor genes with subsequent correspondence between the blood group antigens expressed on erythrocytes and on oral epithelial cells. Variation in expression of carbohydrates is also seen in relationship to terminal differentiation in that blood group antigens and their immediate precursor structures are sequentially expressed on cells during their pathway through the epithelium. Various organs and tissues differ in their expression of cell surface carbohydrates. In oral mucosa, a close relationship is seen between the type of tissue differentiation and expression of blood group antigen; keratinized, nonkeratinized, and junctional epithelium all show different patterns of carbohydrate expression.

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Henriques, Paulo S. G., Luciana S. Okajima, Marcelo P. Nunes, and Victor A. M. Montalli. "Coverage Root after Removing Peripheral Ossifying Fibroma: 5-Year Follow-Up Case Report." Case Reports in Dentistry 2016 (2016): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/6874235.

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When lesions in soft tissue reach the gingival margin, they can produce aesthetic defects during its permanence and after its removal. Periodontal plastic surgery allows the correction of the gingival contour using different techniques. This paper is a case report of a peripheral ossifying fibroma removal in the interproximal area of teeth 21 and 22 in addition to root coverage of the affected area through two surgical phases: keratinized gingival tissue augmentation surgery with free gingival graft concurrent with removal of the lesion and, in a second stage, root coverage by performing coronally advanced flap technique with a follow-up of five years. The initial results achieved, which were root coverage of 100% after 6 months, promoted an adequate gingival contour and prevented the development of a mucogingival defect or a root exposure with its functional and aesthetic consequences. After five years, the results showed long term success of the techniques, where the margin remained stable with complete root coverage and tissues were stable and harmonic in color.

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Nuttall, Jeremy P., Daryl C. Thake, Mark G. Lewis, John W. Ferkany, Joseph W. Romano, and Mark A. Mitchnick. "Concentrations of Dapivirine in the Rhesus Macaque and Rabbit following Once Daily Intravaginal Administration of a Gel Formulation of [14C]Dapivirine for 7 Days." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 52, no. 3 (December 17, 2007): 909–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.00330-07.

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ABSTRACT Dapivirine is a nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor being developed as a topical microbicide for the prevention of human immunodeficiency virus infection. The distribution of radioactivity and drug in plasma and in vaginal, cervical, and draining lymph node tissues was investigated after daily application of a vaginal gel formulation of [14C]dapivirine to rhesus macaques. This was preceded by a preliminary study with rabbits. Following the intravaginal administration of [14C]dapivirine (∼0.1 mg/ml [15 μCi/ml]) to rabbits (0.5 ml/day) and macaques (1 ml/day) for 7 days, the dapivirine levels associated with vaginal and cervical tissue samples 1 h after the final dose were high (quantities of μg/g of tissue) and remained detectable at 24 h (mean, ≥2.5 ng/g in rabbits) and 48 h (mean, >80 ng/g in macaques). Radioactivity levels were low in the plasma and very low or unquantifiable in the draining lymph nodes of the macaques. Microautoradiography identified drug-related material (DRM) on the surfaces of the vaginal and cervical tissues of the rabbits and macaques. Although DRM was primarily associated with the outermost layer of shedding cells in rabbits, two animals showed some evidence of small quantities in the mucosal epithelium of the cervix. In macaques, DRM was seen within the keratinized layer of the vaginal epithelium and and was found to extend into the superficial cellular layers, and in at least one animal it appeared to be present in the deepest (germinal) layer of the epithelium and in submucosal tissues. The persistence of biologically significant concentrations of dapivirine in vaginal and cervical tissues for >24 h supports the development of dapivirine as a microbicide for once daily application.

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Swain, Santosh Kumar, Priyanka Debta, Ansuman Sahu, and Smarita Lenka. "Oral cavity manifestations by COVID-19 infections: a review." International Journal of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery 7, no. 8 (July 23, 2021): 1391. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/issn.2454-5929.ijohns20212914.

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<p class="abstract">Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a threat to the global health caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The lungs are the primary site of infection in COVID-19 patient and the symptoms ranges from mild flu like manifestations to fulminant pneumonia and respiratory failure. COVID-19 infection also significantly affects the oral cavity and salivary glands with oral mucosal manifestations. Other than airway manifestations, COVID-19 patients are presenting with oral cavity lesions such as aphthous like ulcers, glossitis, oral mucositis or stomatitis, oral candidiasis and herpetic recurrences. These oral lesions are often associated with immunocompromised patients and elderly age. Direct involvement of the SARS-CoV-2 virus for development of oral ulcers remains uncertain. The salivary gland related symptoms and taste disturbances are highly common in COVID-19 patients. In COVID-19 patient, certain presentations like ulcers or blisters or diffuse reddish lesions affect both keratinized and non-keratinized tissues of the oral cavity. These lesions are found in palate, lip mucosa, buccal mucosa and tongue. The ulceration and blisters of the oral cavity are more often seen. There is still a gap of knowledge related to the oral manifestations of the COVID-19 infections and its impact on the oral cavity. This review article discussed the details of the oral cavity lesions in COVID-19 patients.</p>

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Buchtová, Marcela, Libor Páč, Zdeněk Knotek, and František Tichý. "Complex Sensory Corpuscles in the Upper Jaw of Horsfield’s Tortoise (Testudo horsfieldii)." Acta Veterinaria Brno 78, no. 2 (2009): 193–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.2754/avb200978020193.

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The sensory corpuscles of Testudo horsfieldii in the skin of the upper lip and face were studied with light and electron microscopy. The sensory corpuscles were situated under epidermis; in the corium and also between the upper jaw bone tissues in the rostral part of oral cavity. The skin sensory corpuscles with a ramified inner core were grouped in clusters. Within the corpuscle there were several simple inner cores embedded within a common superficial capsule. The complex corpuscles have a novel structure in comparison to what has been described for sensory nerve endings in turtle. The complex sensory corpuscles probably function as mechanoreceptors important for monitoring the movement of the keratinized ridges and the most rostral part of the upper jaw, the rhamphotheci.

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Vallecillo, Cristina, Manuel Toledano-Osorio, Marta Vallecillo-Rivas, Manuel Toledano, Alberto Rodriguez-Archilla, and Raquel Osorio. "Collagen Matrix vs. Autogenous Connective Tissue Graft for Soft Tissue Augmentation: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis." Polymers 13, no. 11 (May 31, 2021): 1810. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13111810.

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Soft tissues have been shown to be critical for the maintenance of both teeth and implants. Currently, regenerative soft tissue techniques propose the use of collagen matrices, which can avoid the drawbacks derived from the obtainment of autogenous tissue graft. A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted to ascertain the efficacy of collagen matrices (CM) compared to autogenous connective tissue graft (CTG) to improve soft tissue dimensions. An electronic and manual literature searches were performed to identify randomized clinical trials (RCT) or controlled clinical trials (CCT) that compared CTG and CM. Pooled data of width of keratinized tissue (KT) and mucosal thickness (MT) were collected and weighted means were calculated. Heterogeneity was determined using Higgins (I2). If I2 > 50% a random-effects model was applied. Nineteen studies were included based on the eligibility criteria. When using CTG a higher MT gain (0.32 mm, ranging from 0.49 to 0.16 mm) was obtained than when employing CM. Similar result was obtained for the width of KT gain, that was 0.46 mm higher (ranging from 0.89 to 0.02 mm) when employing CTG. However, it can be stated that, although autogenous CTG achieves higher values, CM are an effective alternative in terms of total width of KT and MT gain.

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INOUE, Takafumi, Kenji KIZAWA, and Mayumi ITO. "Characterization of Soluble Protein Extracts from Keratinized Tissues: identification of Ubiquitin Universally Distributed in Hair, Nail, and Stratum Corneum." Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry 65, no. 4 (January 2001): 895–900. http://dx.doi.org/10.1271/bbb.65.895.

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Keum, Taekwang, Gyubin Noh, Jo-Eun Seo, Santosh Bashyal, and Sangkil Lee. "In Vitro and Ex Vivo Evaluation of Penetratin as a Non-invasive Permeation Enhancer in the Penetration of Salmon Calcitonin through TR146 Buccal Cells and Porcine Buccal Tissues." Pharmaceuticals 13, no. 11 (November 21, 2020): 408. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ph13110408.

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Buccal tissues are considered one of the potential alternative delivery route because of fast drug absorption and onset of action due to high vascularization and a non-keratinized epithelial membrane. In this study, the effect of Penetratin on the permeation of salmon calcitonin (sCT), a model macromolecular peptide drug, through TR146 buccal cells and porcine buccal tissues has been evaluated. To observe permeation profile of sCT, TR146 buccal cells were treated with Alexa 647 conjugated sCT (Alexa 647-sCT) with different concentrations of fluorescein isothiocyanate -labeled Penetratin (FITC-Penetratin) ranging from 0 to 40 μM, and analyzed using flow cytometry and confocal laser scanning microscopy. Intracellular penetration of FITC-Penetratin rapidly increased at low concentrations from 0 to 15 μM and it gradually increased at concentrations above 15 μM. Intracellular penetration of Alexa 647-sCT enhanced with the increase of FITC-Penetratin concentration. When TR146 cell layers and buccal tissues were co-treated with sCT and Penetratin as permeation enhancer, the flux of sCT increased as per Penetratin concentration. Compared to the control, 12.2 μM of Penetratin enhanced the flux of sCT in TR146 cell layers and buccal tissues by 5.5-fold and 93.7-fold, respectively. These results strongly suggest that Penetratin may successfully act as a non-invasive permeation enhancer for macromolecular peptide drug delivery through buccal routes.

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E, Deliverska. "Treatment of Gingival Recession with Hypersensitivity using Free Soft-tissue Graft Procedures." Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Research 1, no. 1 (December 31, 2020): 01–06. http://dx.doi.org/10.31579/2768-0487/039.

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Background The main goal of root coverage procedure is complete coverage of the recession defect with a good esthetic result related to the adjacent soft tissues and minimal probing depth after the healing process. Purpose The aim of this study was to compare the efficiency of surgical and nonsurgical treatment options in patients with gingival recession and dentin hypersensitivity (DH). Material and methods 60 patients with gingival recession Miller Class I and II with hypersensitivity and esthetic concerns were included. 30 of them were treated with free soft-tissue graft procedures and control group of 30 people were treated with anti-hypersensitivity gel. Surgically treated patients were separated in two groups: 20 of them- with coronally advanced flap with sub-epithelial connective tissue graft and 10 of them- with free gingival graft. Results We achieved full coverage on the exposed root surfaces in 18 patients treated with coronally advanced flap and de-epithelized graft and partial root coverage in two of them. Patients treated with free gingival graft procedure achieved full root coverage in 6 of them and partial on 4 of them (GR=1 mm after surgery). Surgical treatment led to resolution of the esthetic issues of the patients and elimination or reduction of the DH. In control group there were partial elimination of root sensitivity. Conclusion: In surgical treated group with both techniques we achieved resolution of DH and coverage of the root surface with healthy keratinized tissues. Surgery may be considered for treatment options of DH depending on the indications.

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Emilov, Denislav K., and Elitsa G. Deliverska-Aleksandrova. "Treatment of gingival recession with hypersensitivity using free soft-tissue graft procedures." Folia Medica 64, no. 2 (April 30, 2022): 321–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/folmed.64.e62532.

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Introduction: The main goal of root coverage procedure is complete coverage of the recession defect with good esthetic results related to the adjacent soft tissues and minimal probing depth after the healing process. Aim: The aim of this study was to compare the efficiency of surgical and nonsurgical treatment options in patients with gingival recession and dentin hypersensitivity. Materials and methods: Sixty patients with gingival recession Miller Class I and II with hypersensitivity and esthetic concerns were included. Of these, 30 patients were treated with free soft-tissue graft procedures and 30 people as controls were treated with anti-hypersensitivity gel. The surgically treated patients were allocated into two groups: 20 of them with coronally advanced flap with subepithelial connective tissue graft and 10 with free gingival graft. Results: We achieved full coverage on the exposed root surfaces in 19 patients treated with coronally advanced flap and de-epithelized graft and partial root coverage in one of them. Patients treated with free gingival graft procedure achieved full root coverage in 7 of them and partial in 3 of them (gingival recession = 1 mm after surgery). The surgical treatment allowed resolution of the esthetic issues of patients and elimination or reduction of the dentin hypersensitivity. In the control group, there was partial elimination of root sensitivity. Conclusions: In the surgically treated group with both techniques, we achieved resolution of dentin hypersensitivity and coverage of the root surface with healthy keratinized tissues. These techniques can be considered as treatment options for dentin hypersensitivity depending on the indications.

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Nikitina, Louise I., Lyubov R. Mukhamedzhanova, and Anna S. Gromova. "EXPERIENCE OF USING ENAMEL MATRIX PROTEIN IN COMBINATION WITH A CORONARY ADVANCED FLAP AND A CONNECTIVE TISSUE GRAFT TO ELIMINATE GUM RECESSION." Acta medica Eurasica, no. 4 (December 16, 2021): 54–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.47026/2413-4864-2021-4-54-59.

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The article presents the experience of complex managing a patient with gum recession in the area of the maxillary premolars. Periodontal treatment of gum recession consisted of initial therapy, including supra- and subgingival scaling, root planing, pharmacotherapeutic support (broad-spectrum antiseptics, drugs that stimulate regeneration), surgical combined method based on the use of enamel matrix protein to stimulate regenerative processes. The clinical material Emdogaine is a combination of an enamel matrix derivative and propylene glycol alginate, which performs the function of a carrier. Biora company has been producing it for more than 20 years (Emdogain, BIORA): now the rights to this material belong to Straumann). This preparation was developed to stimulate regeneration of periodontal tissues. Amelogenin is a specific enamel protein capable of stimulating regeneration of lost periodontal tissues by influencing cell differentiation. Dental cement is an osteoid connective tissue that covers the roots of teeth and serves to attach periodontal fibers. Application of an enamel matrix derivative to the sanitized root surface leads to regeneration of non-cellular cement and to the formation of periodontal tissues, which was observed in our study. Transplantation of free connective tissue grafts to eliminate gum recessions makes it possible to effectively eliminate gum recession in most clinical cases (complete root coverage, an increase in the level of clinical attachment from the keratinized attached gum area). In our clinical case, free grafts were obtained in the donor area of the maxillary tuberosity. Transplantation of free connective tissue grafts provides an aesthetic result and is currently considered a standard technique for eliminating gum recession. According to the clinical study, a combined use of connective tissue grafts and the enamel matrix derivative, an additional use of enamel matrix derivative enabled to obtain a satisfactory result and to improve the appearance of the dentition. Such combined surgeries are indicated in an aesthetically significant area. The described materials, methods and stages of patient's follow up can serve as the basis for the protocol of managing patients with gum recession.

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Uppal, Ridhima, Vidushi Sheokand, Amit Bhardwaj, Chinnu Mary Varghese, and Harender Sehrawat. "Aesthetic Considerations in Implant Therapy - A Review." Journal of Evolution of Medical and Dental Sciences 11, no. 1 (January 31, 2022): 277–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.14260/jemds/2022/52.

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The success of dental implant depends on its integration with the surrounding tissue and this is influenced by various factors, like implant material, amount of bone and its quality and the implant loading condition. The peri-implant tissue is comprised of the soft (mucosa) and hard (bone) tissues. Absolute contact between the peri-implant bone and the implant surface is another factor essential for the success of any implant system. The direct structural and functional connection between ordered living bone and the surface of a load-carrying implant is defined as ''Osseointegration''. The bone undergoes remodelling so as to maintain bone strength and mineral homeostasis. The preservation of biological seal, the anatomy and quality of bone where implant needs to be positioned, implant macrostructure are some of the factors that dictate the integration of the implant to the hard tissue. In addition, the gingival morphology also plays an important role in determining the final aesthetic outcome. Gingival morphology is described in terms of gingival phenotype or gingival biotype. ‘‘Gingival phenotype’’ is a term that addresses to the variations in the thickness and width of the keratinized tissuewhereas ''Gingival biotype'' depicts the thickness of the gingiva in the facio-palatal / faciolingual dimension.Inadequate gingival thickness is a major reason for periodontal attachment loss and marginal tissue recession in a patient, directly contributing to the periodontal disease progression. The peri-implant soft tissue consists of a junctional epithelium (JE) and the connective tissue but owing to the biologic differences between the peri-implant and periodontal tissues, the periimplant tissues are more vulnerable to mucosal inflammation and bone loss. The health of the peri–implant tissues play an important role in the long-term outcome of dental implants. The preservation and reconstruction of soft tissue around dental implants is an important aspect of dental implantology. Restoring the function, aesthetics and harmony of dentition is the primary intention of implantology. This is achieved with a sound crestal bone stability and healthy peri-implant soft tissue. Other factors like abutment material and its connection to the implant, the neck design also affects the peri-implant soft tissue integrity. This review discusses the various factors that directly and indirectly influence the aesthetic outcomes following a dental implant placement. KEY WORDS Aesthetics, Peri-Implant Tissue, Osseointegration, Platform Switching

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Thantawi, Amelia, Khairiati ., Mela Meri Nova, Sri Marlisa, and Abu Bakar. "STOMATITIS APTHOSA REKUREN (SAR) MINOR MULTIPLE PRE MENSTRUASI (Laporan Kasus)." ODONTO : Dental Journal 1, no. 2 (December 1, 2014): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.30659/odj.1.2.57-62.

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Recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) is an inflammation of the soft tissues of the mouth that is characterized by recurrent ulcers. SAR is clinically divided into three types, ie recurrent aphthous stomatitis minor, major and herpetiform. Clinical features of minor types usually with a diameter of about 2-4 mm with yellow-gray base and surrounded by an erythematous halo, affects mainly the non-keratinized mobile mucosae such as lips and tongue, a few ulcers (1-5) or multiple at a time, minor ulcers usually heal within 10-14 days without scarring. Early lesions on the SAR is usually felt by people as burning, followed by extremely pain. The aetiology of RAS is unknown, but associated with a variety of predisposing such as menstrual cycle and trauma. Case management is topical steroids, topical antiseptic and vitamins C to relieve the symptoms and fasten healing.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Keratinized tissues'

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